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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Helen Fraser</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Helen_Fraser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Helen_Fraser.jpg/220px-Helen_Fraser.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Helen_Fraser.jpg/330px-Helen_Fraser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Helen_Fraser.jpg/440px-Helen_Fraser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="1037" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Helen Miller Fraser</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1881-09-14</span>)</span>14 September 1881<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Leeds, Yorkshire, England, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 December 1979<span style="display:none">(1979-12-02)</span> (aged 98)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Politician, suffragist, and activist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">James Moyes</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Helen Miller Fraser</b>, later <b>Moyes</b> (14 September 1881 – 2 December 1979),<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a Scottish suffragist, feminist, educationalist<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> politician who later emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Fraser_(feminist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fraser was born in <a href="/wiki/Leeds,_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeds, Yorkshire">Leeds, Yorkshire</a> to Scottish parents, James Fraser (1856 - 1908) and Christina Sutherland. She was one of ten children. Her father began work as a tailor's cutter, moving from Caithness to Edinburgh to Leeds, before finally settling in Glasgow when Helen was a child. There, he opened a wholesale clothing firm.<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was educated at <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Park_Secondary_School" title="Queen's Park Secondary School">Queen's Park Higher Grade School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. She opened a studio in Glasgow that specialised in black and white illustration work, embroidery and painting.<sup id="cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrawfordRef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1908, <a href="/wiki/Votes_for_Women_(newspaper)" title="Votes for Women (newspaper)">Votes for Women</a>, the newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Social_and_Political_Union" title="Women's Social and Political Union">Women's Social and Political Union</a> reported that she had given up her art work to become an organiser for them.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also an honorary treasurer of the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> branch. </p><p>Her family was progressive politically, believing that conditions for workers should be improved. As a middle class young woman in Glasgow, her life involved dances and balls, theatre, raising money for charity, playing tennis, and visiting poor families in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career_in_suffrage_movement">Political career in suffrage movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Fraser_(feminist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career in suffrage movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>She joined the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Social_and_Political_Union" title="Women's Social and Political Union">Women's Social and Political Union</a> (WSPU) after hearing <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Billington-Greig" title="Teresa Billington-Greig">Teresa Billington</a> speak in Glasgow.<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She travelled to England to help the WSPU campaign at the <a href="/wiki/1906_Huddersfield_by-election" title="1906 Huddersfield by-election">1906 Huddersfield by-election</a>. She became Treasurer of the Glasgow WSPU and a WSPU Scottish Organiser, one of the fifty-eight funded branches in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 December 1906, with <a href="/wiki/Flora_Drummond" title="Flora Drummond">Flora Drummond</a>, Fraser and three others attempted to enter the Stranger's Lobby in the Parliament, and after a skirmish Drummond was arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">suffragettes</a> tended towards more direct action, and law-abiding suffragists preferred more legal, democratic means, they both took the opportunity of national and local elections to raise awareness of the cause of votes for women. They supported candidates who wanted to extend the franchise, and spoke against candidates who did not support it.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1907, Fraser organised the WSPU campaign, using press publicity handbills about the experiences of the demonstrators, which read: 'CRUSHED BY THE MOUNTED POLICE AGAINST THE RAILINGS OF THE ABBEY, AND TRAMPLED UNDER THEIR HORSES HOOFS'.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fraser had the help of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Phillips_(suffragette)" title="Mary Phillips (suffragette)">Mary Phillips</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Fife_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Fife (UK Parliament constituency)">East Fife</a> and during the <a href="/wiki/1907_Aberdeen_South_by-election" title="1907 Aberdeen South by-election">1907 Aberdeen South by-election</a> she met <a href="/wiki/Adela_Pankhurst" title="Adela Pankhurst">Adela Pankhurst</a> with whom she remained close friends throughout her life.<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her sister Annie, along with <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Moffatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Maggie Moffatt">Maggie Moffatt</a>, became one of the first Scottish suffragettes to be arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-EwanInnes2007_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EwanInnes2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>During that early period, when suffragette tactics consisted of trying to reach the House of Commons, and in the first arrests when speaking in the lobby, my sister Anne was the first Scotswoman arrested. She had gone to London a day or two before. Called by my father to come downstairs, I found him with the Glasgow Herald open before him with a banner headline in the centre page: “Glasgow Councillor’s daughter arrested”. He said, “did you know about this.” I replied, “I knew she was going to a meeting but I did not know anything else. He looked at me under his brows in the way we regarded as serious and I oozed out of the room. He came home in the evening quite reconciled to it, and when Anne came home after fourteen cold days in Holloway Prison he took her to a municipal reception saying to her, “Put on your prettiest dress and come with me.” She looked charming and he introduced her all round as “My prisoner daughter”.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Helen Fraser, Moyes, H (1971) A Woman in a Man’s World</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In 1907, <a href="/wiki/Janie_Allan" title="Janie Allan">Janie Allan</a>, being inspired by Fraser and <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Billington-Greig" title="Teresa Billington-Greig">Theresa Billington-Greig</a> speaking about suffragette activity and organised a large WSPU meeting in St. Andrew's Hall, Glasgow.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fraser took a prominent role in the WSPU's <a href="/wiki/1907_Hexham_by-election" title="1907 Hexham by-election">1907 Hexham by-election</a> campaign; for which by the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i> praised her. She worked with <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Barrett" title="Rachel Barrett">Rachel Barrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elsa_Gye" title="Elsa Gye">Elsa Gye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Gawthorpe" title="Mary Gawthorpe">Mary Gawthorpe</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1908_Dundee_by-election" title="1908 Dundee by-election">Dundee by-election</a> the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Montrose,_Angus" title="Montrose, Angus">Montrose</a> burghs by-election in April 1908, as organising secretary for the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Social_and_Political_Union" title="Women's Social and Political Union">WSPU</a>, she was "heckled at considerable length".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1908, Fraser attended the 'monster meeting' <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Sunday" title="Women's Sunday">Women's Sunday</a> and wrote to <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Seymour" title="Isabel Seymour">Isabel Seymour</a> that it was 'successful but not entirely satisfactory'. Fraser estimated half a million people attended (a number supported by <i>The Times</i> estimates) but said that at three of the speaker platforms 'there was much rowdyism' and said 'it seemed to me that the mass of people were simply curious - not opposed- simply indifferent.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fraser was also becoming disillusioned with the violent militant tactics of the WSPU. She criticised the actions of one WSPU member who broke the windows of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a>. She resigned from the WSPU soon afterwards, and was approached by the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_Societies" title="National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies">National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies</a> (NUWSS) and agreed to work for them.<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a member of the NUWSS national executive committee for fourteen years.<sup id="cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrawfordRef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fraser was effective as a public speaker and had speaking engagements not just in Scotland, but all around the UK. In a one-year period (1908–09), her meetings collected a total of £56.19.10 for the NUWSS.<sup id="cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrawfordRef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She spoke at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">Aberdeen University</a> Women's Suffrage Association, with <a href="/wiki/Mary_Gawthorpe" title="Mary Gawthorpe">Mary Gawthorpe</a>, on the campaign to oppose Liberal candidates due to the government opposition to women's franchise, when a group of male students disrupted the event.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her action in moving a <a href="/wiki/Vote_of_no-confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote of no-confidence">vote of no confidence</a> in the Government at a public meeting where <a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Mr Haldane</a> was speaking in <a href="/wiki/Rutherglen" title="Rutherglen">Rutherglan</a> in 1908 led to her being ejected from the hall.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marion_Gilchrist_(doctor)" title="Marion Gilchrist (doctor)">Dr Marion Gilchrist</a> joined Fraser in opening a suffrage campaign in the Christian Institute in Glasgow in the same year, and at a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Motherwell" title="Motherwell">Motherwell</a> also in 1908 Fraser spoke alongside <a href="/wiki/Emmeline_Pankhurst" title="Emmeline Pankhurst">Mrs Pankhurst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmeline_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence">Mrs Pethick Lawrence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1909, she conducted what the '<i><a href="/wiki/The_Courier_(Dundee)" title="The Courier (Dundee)">Dundee Courier</a></i>' described as the 'longest continuous tour ever undertaken in Scotland to propagate women's suffrage',<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The article lists twenty-one different towns that were only part of the tour. <a href="/wiki/Bridgend" title="Bridgend">Bridgend</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> saw Fraser contrast the anomalies in men's votes being amended by Parliament whereas what she described as 'the greatest anomaly there was, was the injustice of excluding women from all rights of citizenship because they were women'<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chrystal_Macmillan" title="Chrystal Macmillan">Chrystal MacMillan</a>, Dr <a href="/wiki/Elsie_Inglis" title="Elsie Inglis">Elsie Inglis</a> were just two of those who supported Fraser at the 1911 <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tradeston" title="Tradeston">Tradeston</a>) <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">By-election</a> in an event organised by the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_West_of_Scotland_Association_for_Women%27s_Suffrage" title="Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage">Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1912, she spoke at a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> organised by the Cambridge Women's Suffrage Association, held during a course of University Extension Lectures. </p><p>Rotten eggs were thrown at Helen after a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Baltinglass" title="Baltinglass">Baltinglass</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>) in 1913. The meeting had taken place under the auspices of the Irish Women's Reform League.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, Fraser's reception in <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> was 'cordial', and the reporter reported applause being accorded to her a number of times during her talk; the event on this occasion being organised by the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Women%27s_Suffrage_Federation" title="Irish Women's Suffrage Federation">Irish Women's Suffrage Federation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1915, she acted as temporary Honorary Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Penarth" title="Penarth">Penarth</a> Women's Suffrage Society.<sup id="cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrawfordRef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career,_from_1914_onward"><span id="Political_career.2C_from_1914_onward"></span>Political career, from 1914 onward</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Fraser_(feminist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career, from 1914 onward"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the First World War, she worked as a Commissioner for the National War Saving Committee,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Woman's_Year_Book,_1923_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Woman's_Year_Book,_1923-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the course of which she personally set up 109 local War Savings Committees in England and Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was seconded to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Food_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (United Kingdom)">Board of Agriculture</a> to persuade women to work on the land.<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1917, at the suggestion of <a href="/wiki/Millicent_Fawcett" title="Millicent Fawcett">Millicent Fawcett</a>, she was included by the UK Government as part of the official British War Mission to the US,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Woman's_Year_Book,_1923_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Woman's_Year_Book,_1923-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to speak about Britain's war effort. She travelled through 40 states and spoke 332 times in 312 days.<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrawfordRef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also had a meeting with President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1918, upon her return to Britain, her book of the tour <i>Women and War Work</i> was published.<sup id="cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrawfordRef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918, when women gained the right to stand as parliamentary candidates, she turned her attention to the campaign to elect women as Members of Parliament. She spoke in Cardiff on behalf of the Joint Committee for Getting Women into Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrawfordRef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She did not contest the 1918 general election. She took an active role in the affairs of a number of organisations; she was a member of the Executive Committee, of the NUWSS successor organisation the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Societies_for_Equal_Citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship">National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship</a>, she was a member of the Common Interests Committee of the <a href="/wiki/English-Speaking_Union" title="English-Speaking Union">English-Speaking Union</a>, she was involved in the Reunion of British War Missions in USA, she was a member of the Council for the Representation of Women in the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> and she was a Member of the <a href="/wiki/Chatham_House" title="Chatham House">British Institute of International Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Woman's_Year_Book,_1923_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Woman's_Year_Book,_1923-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her efforts during the war and after had come to the attention of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> and she joined his <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1922)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1922)">National Liberal</a> organisation. In 1922, she was the first woman to be adopted in Scotland as an official prospective parliamentary candidate when she was selected as National Liberal candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Govan_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Govan (UK Parliament constituency)">Govan</a> Division of Glasgow for the 1922 general election.<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was one of only three women candidates (all Liberals) to contest the general election in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Govan was a safe Labour seat and she was not expected to win. Fraser was a prominent member of the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_West_of_Scotland_Association_for_Women%27s_Suffrage" title="Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage">Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage</a> (GWSAWS). She had the GWSAWS backing to stand in Govan on the platform of the Liberal manifesto. This platform included the establishment of widows' pensions and an equal franchise for women. During her campaign she criticised her male Labour party opponent's "appropriation of our feminist ideals and policies."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>1922 general election: Glasgow Govan<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #E4003B; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Maclean_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neil Maclean (politician)">Neil Maclean</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">15,441 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">62.3 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+14.5 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #FFF890; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1922)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1922)">National Liberal</a> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Miss Helen Fraser</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">9,336 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">37.7 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+29.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">Majority </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">6,105 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">24.6 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Turnout</a> </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">24,777 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">78.3 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background-color: #E4003B"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right;">-7.4 </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>In 1923 she went to Paris, France to attend the conference of the <a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Women" title="International Alliance of Women">International Alliance of Women for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship</a> as a delegate of the NUWSS.<sup id="cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrawfordRef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in 1923, following re-union between Lloyd George and Asquith, she switched constituencies to stand as Liberal party candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hamilton (UK Parliament constituency)">Hamilton</a> Division of <a href="/wiki/Lanarkshire" title="Lanarkshire">Lanarkshire</a> at the 1923 general election. Though also a Labour seat, it was believed that her prospects here were a little better. However, abuse and calumny by the Labour Party candidate <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Macgregor_Graham" class="mw-redirect" title="Duncan Macgregor Graham">Duncan Macgregor Graham</a> made the experience a thoroughly unpleasant one.<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption><a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">General election 1923</a>: Hamilton </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #E4003B; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Macgregor_Graham" class="mw-redirect" title="Duncan Macgregor Graham">Duncan Macgregor Graham</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">11,858 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">58.4 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+0.8 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color: #FFD700; width: 5px;"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 130px"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> </td> <td class="fn"><b>Miss Helen Fraser</b> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">8,436 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">41.6 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">n/a </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">Majority </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">3,422 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">16.8 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Turnout</a> </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em"> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">73.5 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">−4.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background-color: #E4003B"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </th> <td style="text-align:right;">n/a </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Her last political invitation was to fight the <a href="/wiki/1924_Glasgow_Kelvingrove_by-election" title="1924 Glasgow Kelvingrove by-election">1924 Glasgow Kelvingrove by-election</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the Conservative candidate <a href="/wiki/Walter_Elliot_(Scottish_politician)" title="Walter Elliot (Scottish politician)">Walter Elliot</a> was a friend, and she knew that she could poll enough votes to cause him to lose the seat, so she refused and gave up the idea of a career in politics. In 1925, she left the Liberal Party, and joined the <a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Scotland)" title="Unionist Party (Scotland)">Unionist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She cited her reasons in a letter published in the <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Herald">Glasgow Herald</a>, those being the perceived lack of challenge to what she saw as the "tyranny of combinations and unions", which she felt should have been the intention of the party, dedicated as it was to the protection of individual rights against tyrannies. </p><p>Fraser then moved to London, earning money from freelance articles on women's issues. She was elected to <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensington Borough Council">Kensington Borough Council</a>, sitting as a member for seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_political_activities_in_Australia">Personal life and political activities in Australia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Fraser_(feminist)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life and political activities in Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While living in London, Fraser was in contact with an old friend named James Moyes who had emigrated to Australia. His wife had died, and he asked Fraser to marry him several times before she accepted. She emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later became the President of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Women_for_Canberra,&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Women for Canberra, (page does not exist)">Women for Canberra</a>, an organisation established to get more women to stand for election to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian parliament">Australian Parliament</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Late in her life she wrote an autobiography, entitled <i>A Woman in a Man's World</i>, which was published in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fraser died in Australia in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archives">Archives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Fraser_(feminist)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Library" title="Mitchell Library">Mitchell Library</a> in Glasgow has a collection of material sent to them by Helen Fraser (by then known by her married name, Moyes). She sent the small collection of items, which includes some letters, newspaper cuttings, and copy of her autobiography, in 1978. Aware of the importance of preserving the story of participation in the women's movement, she said she wanted Glasgow to "have something" of her.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a> received a diary belonging to Fraser, which had been found in a recycling centre in <a href="/wiki/Ulladulla,_New_South_Wales" title="Ulladulla, New South Wales">Ulladulla</a>, Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also within the collection are some personal letters, correspondence and notes.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oral_History">Oral History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Fraser_(feminist)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Oral History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brian_Harrison_(historian)" title="Brian Harrison (historian)">Brian Harrison</a> recorded 3 oral history interviews with Fraser, in January, August and September 1975, as part of the Suffrage Interviews project, titled <i>Oral evidence on the suffragette and suffragist movements: the Brian Harrison interviews.</i><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  The interviews have been made available using the name Helen Moyes. Fraser talks about her family, and their support for women's suffrage, her involvement with the NUWSS as well as the WSPU, and the differences between the two organisations, as well as time in Wales, Scotland, France, the USA and Australia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cartoon">Cartoon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Fraser_(feminist)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cartoon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1928, 'The Tatler' published a cartoon headed 'A gathering of intelligentsia' featuring Helen, alongside Sir <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Benn" title="Ernest Benn">Ernest Benn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Hugh_Bell,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Hugh Bell, 2nd Baronet">Sir Hugh Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Lever,_1st_Viscount_Leverhulme" title="William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme">Lord Leverhulme</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Horne,_1st_Viscount_Horne_of_Slamannan" title="Robert Horne, 1st Viscount Horne of Slamannan">Robert Horne</a>, Miss Lister and <a href="/wiki/Antony_Bulwer-Lytton,_Viscount_Knebworth" title="Antony Bulwer-Lytton, Viscount Knebworth">Lord Knebworth</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Fraser_(feminist)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Women and War Work</i> by Helen Fraser 1918</li> <li><i>A Woman in a Man's World</i> by Helen Moyes 1971</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Fraser_(feminist)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LenemanODNB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LenemanODNB_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leah Leneman, "Moyes , Helen Miller (1881–1979)", <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/56230,">accessed 11 Feb 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scotsman 11 November 1922</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CrawfordRef-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CrawfordRef_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2003" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Elizabeth (2 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a2EK9P7-ZMsC"><i>The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866–1928</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 230–232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415239264" title="Special:BookSources/9780415239264"><bdi>9780415239264</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Women%27s+Suffrage+Movement%3A+A+Reference+Guide+1866%E2%80%931928&rft.pages=230-232&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003-09-02&rft.isbn=9780415239264&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da2EK9P7-ZMsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spartacus-educational.com/WfraserH.htm">Helen Fraser</a>, Spartacus Educational</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/objects/lse:has924jop">"Miss Helen Fraser"</a>. <i>Votes for Women</i>. 18 June 1908<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Votes+for+Women&rft.atitle=Miss+Helen+Fraser&rft.date=1908-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.lse.ac.uk%2Fobjects%2Flse%3Ahas924jop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2018" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Diane (2018). <i>Rise up, women! : the remarkable lives of the suffragettes</i>. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 49, 55, 93–4, 100, 308, 537. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408844045" title="Special:BookSources/9781408844045"><bdi>9781408844045</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1016848621">1016848621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rise+up%2C+women%21+%3A+the+remarkable+lives+of+the+suffragettes&rft.place=London&rft.pages=49%2C+55%2C+93-4%2C+100%2C+308%2C+537&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1016848621&rft.isbn=9781408844045&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Diane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/electionsvoting/womenvote/overview/earlysuffragist/">"Early suffragist campaigning"</a>. <i>UK Parliament</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=Early+suffragist+campaigning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fabout%2Fliving-heritage%2Ftransformingsociety%2Felectionsvoting%2Fwomenvote%2Foverview%2Fearlysuffragist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maryevans.com/zoom4.php?pic=10222633">"Image No: 10222633"</a>. <i>www.maryevans.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.maryevans.com&rft.atitle=Image+No%3A+10222633&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maryevans.com%2Fzoom4.php%3Fpic%3D10222633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EwanInnes2007-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EwanInnes2007_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_L._EwanSue_InnesSian_ReynoldsRose_Pipes2007" class="citation book cs1">Elizabeth L. Ewan; Sue Innes; Sian Reynolds; Rose Pipes (27 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zs6qBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA269"><i>Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 269–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2660-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2660-1"><bdi>978-0-7486-2660-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Dictionary+of+Scottish+Women&rft.pages=269-&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2007-06-27&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-2660-1&rft.au=Elizabeth+L.+Ewan&rft.au=Sue+Innes&rft.au=Sian+Reynolds&rft.au=Rose+Pipes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZs6qBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Dundee Evening Telegraph". 16 April 1908.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dundee+Evening+Telegraph&rft.date=1908-04-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedersen" class="citation web cs1">Pedersen, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://suffrageaberdeen.co.uk/">"The Aberdeen Women's Suffrage Campaign"</a>. <i>suffrageaberdeen.co.uk</i>. copyright WildFireOne<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=suffrageaberdeen.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Aberdeen+Women%27s+Suffrage+Campaign&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsuffrageaberdeen.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Suffragette Leader ejected". <i>The Dundee Courier</i>. 9 January 1908. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dundee+Courier&rft.atitle=Suffragette+Leader+ejected&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1908-01-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Votes for women". <i>The Motherwell Times and General Advertiser</i>. 7 February 1908. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Motherwell+Times+and+General+Advertiser&rft.atitle=Votes+for+women&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1908-02-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"MISS HELEN FRASER LEADS: Constitutional propaganda for women's suffrage in Scotland". <i>Dundee Courier</i>. 8 September 1909. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dundee+Courier&rft.atitle=MISS+HELEN+FRASER+LEADS%3A+Constitutional+propaganda+for+women%27s+suffrage+in+Scotland&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1909-09-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Votes for women". <i>The Glamorgan Gazette</i>. 10 November 1911. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Glamorgan+Gazette&rft.atitle=Votes+for+women&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1911-11-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"By-elections". <i>The Common Cause</i>. 13 July 1911. p. 250.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Common+Cause&rft.atitle=By-elections&rft.pages=250&rft.date=1911-07-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Pithy Provincial News". <i>The Irish Independent</i>. 5 April 1913. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Pithy+Provincial+News&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1913-04-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Women's Suffrage Federation". <i>The Belfast News-Letter</i>. 8 April 1913. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Belfast+News-Letter&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Suffrage+Federation&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1913-04-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Woman's_Year_Book,_1923-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Woman's_Year_Book,_1923_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Woman's_Year_Book,_1923_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Woman's_Year_Book,_1923_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Woman's Year Book, 1923</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002227/19171109/015/0005">"Miss Helen Fraser's visit to America"</a>. <i>Common Cause</i>. 9 November 1917<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Common+Cause&rft.atitle=Miss+Helen+Fraser%27s+visit+to+America&rft.date=1917-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fviewer%2Fbl%2F0002227%2F19171109%2F015%2F0005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2008" class="citation book cs1">Weiss, Elaine F (2008). <i>Fruits of Victory:The women's land army of America in the Great War</i>. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fruits+of+Victory%3AThe+women%27s+land+army+of+America+in+the+Great+War&rft.place=Dulles%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Elaine+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPat_ThaneEsther_Breitenbach2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Thane" title="Pat Thane">Pat Thane</a>; Esther Breitenbach, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wCcM41plmMAC&pg=PA48"><i>Women and Citizenship in Britain and Ireland in the 20th Century: What Difference Did the Vote Make</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826437495" title="Special:BookSources/9780826437495"><bdi>9780826437495</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Citizenship+in+Britain+and+Ireland+in+the+20th+Century%3A+What+Difference+Did+the+Vote+Make&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780826437495&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwCcM41plmMAC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gender and Political Identities in Scotland, 1919–1939 By Annmarie Hughes</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1949</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The By-Elections." Times [London, England] 10 May 1924: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 11 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19250228&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Miss Helen Fraser leaves the Liberal Party"</a>. <i>Glasgow Herald</i>. 28 February 1925.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Glasgow+Herald&rft.atitle=Miss+Helen+Fraser+leaves+the+Liberal+Party&rft.date=1925-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DGGgVawPscysC%26dat%3D19250228%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrasher2015" class="citation news cs1">Brasher, Stephen (12 April 2015). "The Returning Officer: Suffragettes VI". <i>New Statesman</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=The+Returning+Officer%3A+Suffragettes+VI&rft.date=2015-04-12&rft.aulast=Brasher&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyes1971" class="citation book cs1">Moyes, Helen (1971). <i>A Woman in a Man's World</i>. Australia: Alpha Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Woman+in+a+Man%27s+World&rft.place=Australia&rft.pub=Alpha+Books&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Moyes&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcat.csglasgow.org/web/arena/moyes">"Moyes - Glasgow Libraries Online Library"</a>. <i>libcat.csglasgow.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=libcat.csglasgow.org&rft.atitle=Moyes+-+Glasgow+Libraries+Online+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcat.csglasgow.org%2Fweb%2Farena%2Fmoyes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/N16473523"><i>corresp and news cuttings rel to women's suffrage movement and Scottish politics</i></a>. 1908–1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=corresp+and+news+cuttings+rel+to+women%27s+suffrage+movement+and+Scottish+politics&rft.date=1908%2F1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fr%2FN16473523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgginton2022" class="citation journal cs1">Egginton, Heidi (Winter 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nls.uk/about-us/publications/discover/stories/helen-fraser/">"A woman in a man's world"</a>. <i>Discover</i>. <b>47</b>. National Library of Scotland: 14–16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discover&rft.atitle=A+woman+in+a+man%27s+world&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=47&rft.pages=14-16&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Egginton&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nls.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fpublications%2Fdiscover%2Fstories%2Fhelen-fraser%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://manuscripts.nls.uk/repositories/2/resources/20047">"Catalogue of Archives and Manuscripts Collections | National Library of Scotland | NLSMSS | Diary and correspondence of Helen Fraser"</a>. <i>manuscripts.nls.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=manuscripts.nls.uk&rft.atitle=Catalogue+of+Archives+and+Manuscripts+Collections+%7C+National+Library+of+Scotland+%7C+NLSMSS+%7C+Diary+and+correspondence+of+Helen+Fraser.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmanuscripts.nls.uk%2Frepositories%2F2%2Fresources%2F20047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLondon_School_of_Economics_and_Political_Science" class="citation web cs1">London School of Economics and Political Science. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lse.ac.uk/library/collection-highlights/the-suffrage-interviews.aspx">"The Suffrage Interviews"</a>. <i>London School of Economics and Political Science</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=London+School+of+Economics+and+Political+Science&rft.atitle=The+Suffrage+Interviews&rft.au=London+School+of+Economics+and+Political+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lse.ac.uk%2Flibrary%2Fcollection-highlights%2Fthe-suffrage-interviews.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMay1928" class="citation news cs1">May, Fred (14 November 1928). "A GATHERING OF INTELLIGENTSIA". <i>The Tatler</i>. p. 76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tatler&rft.atitle=A+GATHERING+OF+INTELLIGENTSIA&rft.pages=76&rft.date=1928-11-14&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Fred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Fraser_(feminist)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/5632">Works by Helen Fraser</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Fraser%2C%20Helen%20Miller%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Fraser%2C%20Helen%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Fraser%2C%20H%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Helen%20Miller%20Fraser%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Helen%20M%2E%20Fraser%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Fraser%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Fraser%2C%20Helen%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Helen%20Fraser%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Helen%20Miller%20Fraser%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Helen%20M%2E%20Fraser%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Fraser%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20Miller%20Fraser%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Fraser%2C%20Helen%20Miller%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Fraser%2C%20Helen%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Fraser%2C%20H%2E%20M%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Fraser%2C%20H%2E%20Miller%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Helen%20Fraser%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Fraser%2C%20Helen%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Helen%20Miller%20Fraser%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Helen%20M%2E%20Fraser%22%20OR%20title%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Fraser%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Helen%20Fraser%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Helen%20Miller%20Fraser%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Helen%20M%2E%20Fraser%22%20OR%20description%3A%22H%2E%20M%2E%20Fraser%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Fraser%2C%20Helen%20Miller%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Fraser%2C%20Helen%20M%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Helen%20Fraser%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Fraser%2C%20Helen%22%29%20OR%20%28%221881-1979%22%20AND%20Fraser%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Helen Fraser</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry_York1999" class="citation book cs1">Barry York, ed. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XgUAvuQBp-wC&pg=PA123"><i>Helen Moyes</i></a>. National Library Australia. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780642107152" title="Special:BookSources/9780642107152"><bdi>9780642107152</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Helen+Moyes&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=National+Library+Australia&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780642107152&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXgUAvuQBp-wC%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelen+Fraser+%28feminist%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> <div 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2018052509">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35366515">Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032170386">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Women&#039;s_suffrage_in_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Women%27s_suffrage_in_Scotland" title="Template:Women's suffrage in Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Women%27s_suffrage_in_Scotland" title="Template talk:Women's suffrage in Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Women%27s_suffrage_in_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Women's suffrage in Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Women&#039;s_suffrage_in_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Scotland" title="Women's suffrage in Scotland">Women's suffrage in Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actresses%27_Franchise_League" title="Actresses' Franchise League">Actresses' Franchise League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_National_Society_for_Women%27s_Suffrage" title="Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage">Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_and_West_of_Scotland_Association_for_Women%27s_Suffrage" title="Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage">Glasgow and West of Scotland Association for Women's Suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Men%27s_Federation_for_Women%27s_Suffrage" title="Northern Men's Federation for Women's Suffrage">Northern Men's Federation for Women's Suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcadian_Women%27s_Suffrage_Society" title="Orcadian Women's Suffrage Society">Orcadian Women's Suffrage Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Women%27s_Suffrage_Society" title="Shetland Women's Suffrage Society">Shetland Women's Suffrage Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stornoway_Women%27s_Suffrage_Society" title="Stornoway Women's Suffrage Society">Stornoway Women's Suffrage Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Suffragists" title="United Suffragists">United Suffragists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Freedom_League" title="Women's Freedom League">Women's Freedom League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Social_and_Political_Union" title="Women's Social and Political Union">Women's Social and Political Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Suffrage_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' Suffrage Federation">Workers' Suffrage Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaigners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_Societies" title="National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies"> Suffragists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Hay_Abbott" title="Wilhelmina Hay Abbott">Wilhelmina Hay Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Arthur" title="Jane Arthur">Jane Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Baikie" title="Mary Anne Baikie">Mary Anne Baikie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bell_(politician)" title="Mary Bell (politician)">Mary Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Brown_(suffragist)" title="Agnes Brown (suffragist)">Nannie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burton" title="Mary Burton">Mary Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Caird" title="Edward Caird">Edward Caird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Clapperton" title="Jane Clapperton">Jane Clapperton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Craigen" title="Jessie Craigen">Jessie Craigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Craigie" title="Muriel Craigie">Muriel Craigie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Crudelius" title="Mary Crudelius">Mary Crudelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Davidson_(suffragist)" title="Margaret Davidson (suffragist)">Margaret C. Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McAusland_Denny" title="John McAusland Denny">John McAusland Denny</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helen Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Finlayson_Gauld" title="Elizabeth Finlayson Gauld">Elizabeth Finlayson Gauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Hacon" title="Edith Hacon">Edith Hacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_H._J._Henderson" title="Mary H. J. Henderson">Mary Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsie_Inglis" title="Elsie Inglis">Elsie Inglis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Irwin_(trade_unionist)" title="Margaret Irwin (trade unionist)">Margaret Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Jamieson" title="Christina Jamieson">Christina Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Keppie" title="Jessie Keppie">Jessie Keppie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Leisk" title="Harriet Leisk">Harriet Leisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Lindsay_(activist)" title="Anna Lindsay (activist)">Anna Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Martin_Lindsay" title="Thomas Martin Lindsay">Thomas Martin Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Lumsden" title="Louisa Lumsden">Louisa Lumsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Macbeth" title="Ann Macbeth">Ann Macbeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Macdonald" title="Louisa Macdonald">Louisa Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystal_Macmillan" title="Chrystal Macmillan">Chrystal MacMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_McLaren" title="Alice McLaren">Alice McLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Mair" title="Sarah Mair">Sarah Mair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavinia_Malcolm" title="Lavinia Malcolm">Lavinia Malcolm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Masson" title="Flora Masson">Flora Masson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Maxwell" title="Lilly Maxwell">Lilly Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Fyvie_Mayo" title="Isabella Fyvie Mayo">Isabella Fyvie Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Melville" title="Frances Melville">Frances Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Moffat" title="Graham Moffat">Graham Moffat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Murdoch_(Hull)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Murdoch (Hull)">Mary Murdoch (Hull)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Murray" title="Eunice Murray">Eunice Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Murray_(suffragist)" title="Frances Murray (suffragist)">Frances Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Murray" title="Sylvia Murray">Sylvia Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mylne" title="Margaret Mylne">Margaret Mylne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Newbery" title="Jessie Newbery">Jessie Newbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Paterson" title="Grace Paterson">Grace Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Pease_Nichol" title="Elizabeth Pease Nichol">Elizabeth Pease Nichol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Margaret_Pace" title="Elizabeth Margaret Pace">Elizabeth Margaret Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Rosaline_Orme" title="Emily Rosaline Orme">Emily Rosaline Orme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Rae" title="Jane Rae">Jane Rae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Kirkland_Reid" title="Marion Kirkland Reid">Marion Kirkland Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Saxby" title="Jessie Saxby">Jessie Saxby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Simson" title="Frances Simson">Frances Simson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anderson_Snodgrass" title="Mary Anderson Snodgrass">Mary Anderson Snodgrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_M._Soga" title="Jessie M. Soga">Jessie M. Soga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Somerville" title="Mary Somerville">Mary Somerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Helen_Spence" title="Catherine Helen Spence">Catherine Helen Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Stevenson" title="Flora Stevenson">Flora Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Stevenson" title="Louisa Stevenson">Louisa Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Carmichael_Stopes" title="Charlotte Carmichael Stopes">Charlotte Carmichael Stopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_S._Swan" title="Annie S. Swan">Annie S. Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Taylour" title="Jane Taylour">Jane Taylour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Thompson" title="Muriel Thompson">Muriel Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Tod" title="Isabella Tod">Isabella Tod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Wigham" title="Eliza Wigham">Eliza Wigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wigham" title="Jane Wigham">Jane Wigham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Social_and_Political_Union" title="Women's Social and Political Union"> Suffragettes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janie_Allan" title="Janie Allan">Janie Allan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Sophia_Allen" title="Mary Sophia Allen">Mary Sophia Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Archdale" title="Helen Archdale">Helen Archdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Barrowman" title="Janet Barrowman">Janet Barrowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Marian_Begbie" title="Edith Marian Begbie">Edith Marian Begbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Hogg_Blair" title="Catherine Hogg Blair">Catherine Hogg Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Esdon_Brailsford" title="Jane Esdon Brailsford">Jane Esdon Brailsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Burns" title="Lucy Burns">Lucy Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Carrie" title="Isabella Carrie">Isabella Carrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Chalmers_Smith" title="Dorothea Chalmers Smith">Dorothea Chalmers Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Clunas" title="Lila Clunas">Lila Clunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Corbett" title="Catherine Corbett">Catherine Corbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Walker_Craig" title="Annie Walker Craig">Annie Walker Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Crawfurd" title="Helen Crawfurd">Helen Crawfurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Dollan" title="Agnes Dollan">Agnes Dollan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Wallace_Dunlop" title="Marion Wallace Dunlop">Marion Wallace Dunlop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Drummond" title="Flora Drummond">Flora Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Eates" title="Louise Eates">Louise Eates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maude_Edwards" title="Maude Edwards">Maude Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Milne_Farquharson" title="Margaret Milne Farquharson">Margaret Milne Farquharson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_Scotland_Gibb" title="Ellison Scotland Gibb">Ellison Scotland Gibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Skirving_Gibb" title="Margaret Skirving Gibb">Margaret Skirving Gibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Gilchrist_(doctor)" title="Marion Gilchrist (doctor)">Marion Gilchrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Gordon" title="Frances Gordon">Frances Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pollock_Grant" title="Mary Pollock Grant">Mary Pollock Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Grey" class="mw-redirect" title="Laura Grey">Laura Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Grieve" title="Marion Grieve">Marion Grieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Haig" title="Florence Haig">Florence Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Hudson" title="Edith Hudson">Edith Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Husband" title="Agnes Husband">Agnes Husband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Joachim" title="Maud Joachim">Maud Joachim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Jones" title="Mabel Jones">Mabel Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Stewart_Ker" title="Alice Stewart Ker">Alice Stewart Ker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Leitch" title="Isabella Leitch">Isabella Leitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Macarthur" title="Mary Macarthur">Mary Macarthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Syme_Macdonald" title="Agnes Syme Macdonald">Agnes Syme Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Macfarlane" title="Florence Macfarlane">Florence Macfarlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Macfarlane" title="Margaret Macfarlane">Margaret Macfarlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_McCallum_(suffragette)" title="Janet McCallum (suffragette)">Jenny McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Bright_McLaren" title="Priscilla Bright McLaren">Priscilla Bright McLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_McPhun" title="Frances McPhun">Frances McPhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_McPhun" title="Margaret McPhun">Margaret McPhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Maloney" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Maloney">Mary Maloney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_C._Methven" title="Jessie C. Methven">Jessie C. Methven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Moffat" title="Maggie Moffat">Maggie Moffat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Moorhead" title="Ethel Moorhead">Ethel Moorhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Munro" title="Anna Munro">Anna Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_Murray" title="Flora Murray">Flora Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Ogston" title="Helen Ogston">Helen Ogston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adela_Pankhurst" title="Adela Pankhurst">Adela Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Parker" title="Frances Parker">Frances Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Bream_Pearce" title="Isabella Bream Pearce">Isabella Bream Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Phillips_(journalist)" title="Caroline Phillips (journalist)">Caroline Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Phillips_(suffragette)" title="Mary Phillips (suffragette)">Mary Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annot_Robinson" title="Annot Robinson">Annot Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Sanderson_(suffragette)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amy Sanderson (suffragette)"> Amy Sanderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabella_Scott" title="Arabella Scott">Arabella Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Scott" title="Muriel Scott">Muriel Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud_Arncliffe_Sennett" title="Maud Arncliffe Sennett">Maud Arncliffe Sennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Skinnider" title="Margaret Skinnider">Margaret Skinnider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgiana_Solomon" title="Georgiana Solomon">Georgiana Solomon</a> and her daughter <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Solomon" title="Daisy Solomon">Daisy Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Steel" title="Barbara Steel">Barbara Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Stephen" title="Jessie Stephen">Jessie Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_and_Agnes_Thomson" title="Elizabeth and Agnes Thomson">Elizabeth and Agnes Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Watson" title="Bessie Watson">Bessie Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Chalmers_Watson" title="Mona Chalmers Watson">Mona Chalmers Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Wilkie" class="mw-redirect" title="Helen Wilkie">Helen Wilkie</a> or <a href="/wiki/Annot_Robinson" title="Annot Robinson">Annot Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henria_Leech_Williams" title="Henria Leech Williams">Henria Leech Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Scott_(women%27s_education_reformer)" title="Rachel Scott (women's education reformer)">Rachel Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Cruickshank" title="Helen Cruickshank">Helen Cruickshank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Neill_Fraser" title="Margaret Neill Fraser">Margaret Neill Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishbel_Hamilton-Gordon,_Marchioness_of_Aberdeen_and_Temair" title="Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon, Marchioness of Aberdeen and Temair">Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Ivens" title="Frances Ivens">Frances Ivens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Lee,_Baroness_Lee_of_Asheridge" title="Jennie Lee, Baroness Lee of Asheridge">Jennie Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_McLaren" title="Agnes McLaren">Agnes McLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Matthews" title="Helen Matthews">Helen Matthews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-suffrage activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Griselda_Cheape" title="Lady Griselda Cheape">Lady Griselda Cheape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Graham,_Duchess_of_Montrose" title="Violet Graham, Duchess of Montrose">Violet Graham, Duchess of Montrose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historians and <br />writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Leneman" title="Leah Leneman">Leah Leneman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elspeth_King" title="Elspeth King">Elspeth King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Atkinson" title="Diane Atkinson">Diane Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Pedersen" title="Sarah Pedersen">Sarah Pedersen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art, culture and<br />commemoration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holloway_Jingles" title="Holloway Jingles">Holloway Jingles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_Strike_Medal" title="Hunger Strike Medal">Hunger Strike Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Suffrage_Oak" title="The Suffrage Oak">The Suffrage Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Suffragette_Handkerchief" title="The Suffragette Handkerchief">The Suffragette Handkerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSPU_Holloway_Prisoners_Banner" title="WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner">WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner</a></li> <li>War Song <i>Justice for Ever</i></li> <li><i>Scotland's Suffragette Trumps</i> cards and <i>Scotland's Suffrage History Education Packs</i>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM/Protests_and_Suffragettes" title="Wikipedia:GLAM/Protests and Suffragettes">Protests and Suffragettes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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