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id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Adolf von Baeyer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="أدولف فون باير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أدولف فون باير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_fon_Bayer" title="Adolf fon Bayer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adolf fon Bayer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="آدولف فون بایر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آدولف فون بایر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="আডলফ ফন বাইয়ার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আডলফ ফন বাইয়ার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Адольф Баер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адольф Баер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Адолф фон Байер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Адолф фон Байер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B4%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Αδόλφος φον Μπάιερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αδόλφος φον Μπάιερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="آدولف فون بایر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آدولف فون بایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_B%C3%A4yer" title="Adolf von Bäyer – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Adolf von Bäyer" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%ED%8F%B0_%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="아돌프 폰 바이어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아돌프 폰 바이어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%86_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ադոլֆ Բայեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ադոլֆ Բայեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="अडॉल्फ वॉन बेयर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अडॉल्फ वॉन बेयर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A3_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="אדולף פון באייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדולף פון באייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ადოლფ ბაიერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადოლფ ბაიერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Адольф фон Байер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Адольф фон Байер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphus_de_Baeyer" title="Adolphus de Baeyer – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Adolphus de Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80dolfs_fon_Beiers" title="Ādolfs fon Beiers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ādolfs fon Beiers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Адолф фон Бајер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Адолф фон Бајер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="അഡോൾഫ് വോൺ ബയർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഡോൾഫ് വോൺ ബയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="ॲडॉल्फ फोन बेयर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲडॉल्फ फोन बेयर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ადოლფ ბაიერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ადოლფ ბაიერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ادولف فون باير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادولف فون باير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="آدولف فون بایر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آدولف فون بایر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC" title="アドルフ・フォン・バイヤー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アドルフ・フォン・バイヤー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ایڈولف فان بایر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایڈولف فان بایر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Байер, Адольф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Байер, Адольф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Адолф фон Бајер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Адолф фон Бајер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அடோல்ப் வான் பேயர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அடோல்ப் வான் பேயர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Адольф Байер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Адольф Байер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Адолф Байер – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Адолф Байер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%94%D1%80" title="Адольф фон Беєр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Адольф фон Беєр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ایڈولف وان بایر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایڈولف وان بایر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%8B%9C%E5%B0%94" title="阿道夫·冯·拜尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿道夫·冯·拜尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Adolf von Baeyer" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%E9%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E4%BA%9E" title="阿道夫馮拜亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿道夫馮拜亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%8B%9C%E5%B0%94" title="阿道夫·冯·拜尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿道夫·冯·拜尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q57078#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the founder of the pharmaceutical company <a href="/wiki/Bayer" title="Bayer">Bayer</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bayer" title="Friedrich Bayer">Friedrich Bayer</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Adolf von Baeyer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolf_von_Baeyer_(1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg/220px-Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Baeyer in 1905</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Baeyer</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1835-10-31</span>)</span>31 October 1835<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 August 1917<span style="display:none">(1917-08-20)</span> (aged 81)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Starnberg" title="Starnberg">Starnberg</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>) <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phenolphthalein" title="Phenolphthalein">phenolphthalein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fluorescein" title="Fluorescein">fluorescein</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Photogeochemistry" title="Photogeochemistry">Photogeochemistry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Von_Baeyer_nomenclature" title="Von Baeyer nomenclature">Baeyer nomenclature</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Potassium_permanganate#Synthesis_of_organic_compounds" title="Potassium permanganate">Baeyer reagent</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ring_strain#Angle_strain_(Baeyer_strain)" title="Ring strain">Baeyer strain</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Baeyer%E2%80%93Drewson_indigo_synthesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis">Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Baeyer%E2%80%93Emmerling_indole_synthesis" title="Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis">Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Baeyer%E2%80%93Villiger_oxidation" title="Baeyer–Villiger oxidation">Baeyer–Villiger oxidation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Adelheid Bendemann</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1868)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3; including <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_von_Baeyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto von Baeyer (page does not exist)">Otto</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Baeyer" class="extiw" title="de:Otto von Baeyer">de</a>]</span>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Davy_Medal" title="Davy Medal">Davy Medal</a> <small>(1881)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Liebig_Medal" title="Liebig Medal">Liebig Medal</a> <small>(1903)</small> <br /><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Chemistry">Nobel Prize for Chemistry</a> <small>(1905)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Cresson_Medal" title="Elliott Cresson Medal">Elliott Cresson Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1912)</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">Organic chemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical University of Berlin">Gewerbe-Akademie, Berlin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">University of Strasbourg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Munich">University of Munich</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9dkCbmTrfm0C">De arsenici cum methylo conjunctionibus</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1858)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_August_Kekul%C3%A9_von_Stradonitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz">Friedrich August Kekulé</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bunsen" title="Robert Bunsen">Robert Bunsen</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Mathematics_Genealogy_Project_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Mathematics_Genealogy_Project-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Ulric_Nef_(chemist)" title="John Ulric Nef (chemist)">John Ulric Nef</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Victor_Villiger" title="Victor Villiger">Victor Villiger</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodore_Liebermann" title="Carl Theodore Liebermann">Carl Theodore Liebermann</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gr%C3%A4be" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Gräbe">Carl Gräbe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Karl_Andreas_Hofmann" title="Karl Andreas Hofmann">Karl Andreas Hofmann</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈaːdɔlf<span class="wrap"> </span>fɔn<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈbaɪɐ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/34\/De-Adolf_von_Baeyer.ogg\/De-Adolf_von_Baeyer.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Adolf von Baeyer.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/De-Adolf_von_Baeyer.ogg/De-Adolf_von_Baeyer.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Adolf_von_Baeyer.ogg" title="File:De-Adolf von Baeyer.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; 31 October 1835 – 20 August 1917) was a German <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a> who synthesised <a href="/wiki/Indigo_dye" title="Indigo dye">indigo</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and developed a <a href="/wiki/Von_Baeyer_nomenclature" title="Von Baeyer nomenclature">nomenclature for cyclic compounds</a> (that was subsequently extended and adopted as part of the <a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry">IUPAC organic nomenclature</a>). He was <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">ennobled</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a> in 1885 and was the 1905 recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-meijere_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meijere-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_education">Family and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_von_Baeyer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baeyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Baeyer.jpg/170px-Baeyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Baeyer.jpg/255px-Baeyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Baeyer.jpg/340px-Baeyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Father <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jacob_Baeyer" title="Johann Jacob Baeyer">Johann Jacob Baeyer</a>, Prussian lieutenant-general, the noted <a href="/wiki/Geodesist" class="mw-redirect" title="Geodesist">geodesist</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Baeyer was born in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> as the son of the noted <a href="/wiki/Geodesist" class="mw-redirect" title="Geodesist">geodesist</a> and captain of the Royal Prussian Army <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jacob_Baeyer" title="Johann Jacob Baeyer">Johann Jacob Baeyer</a> and his wife Eugenie Baeyer née Hitzig (1807–1843).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both his parents were <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a> at the time of his birth and he was raised in the Lutheran religion.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Eduard_Hitzig" title="Julius Eduard Hitzig">Julius Eduard Hitzig</a> and a member of the originally <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Itzig_family" title="Itzig family">Itzig family</a>, and had converted to Christianity before marrying his father, who was of non-Jewish German descent.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baeyer had four sisters: Clara (born 1826) Emma (born 1831), Johanna (Jeanette) (born 1839), Adelaide (died 1843) and two brothers: Georg (born 1829) and Edward (born 1832). Baeyer lost his mother at a young age while she was giving birth to his sister Adelaide.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although his birth name was Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Baeyer, he was known simply as Adolf throughout most of his life. The poet <a href="/wiki/Adelbert_von_Chamisso" title="Adelbert von Chamisso">Adelbert von Chamisso</a> and the astronomer <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Bessel">Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel</a> were his godparents. On his 50th birthday he was raised to the hereditary nobility by King <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_II_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig II of Bavaria">Ludwig II of Bavaria</a>, conferring on him the "von" distinction.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baeyer became interested in science early, performing experiments on plant nutrition at his paternal grandfather's Müggelsheim farm as a boy. In Berlin he began chemical experimentation at the age of nine. Three years later, he synthesized a previously unknown chemical compound -double carbonate of copper and sodium.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his 13th birthday, he initiated his lifework, buying a chunk of indigo worth two <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Thaler" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian Thaler">Thalers</a> for his first dye experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a schoolboy, his chemistry teacher at the <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Gymnasium" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium">Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium</a> appointed him as his assistant. After graduating from secondary school in 1853, he entered the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Berlin University</a> to study <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> and mathematics. A stint in the Prussian army interrupted his study until 1856, when he returned to academia at the <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_University" title="Heidelberg University">University of Heidelberg</a>, intending to study <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> under <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bunsen" title="Robert Bunsen">Robert Bunsen</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After an argument with the renowned chemist he changed his mentor to <a href="/wiki/August_Kekul%C3%A9" title="August Kekulé">August Kekulé</a>. He continued to collaborate with Kekulé even after he returned to Berlin in 1858 for the completion of his doctorate on arsenic methyl chloride, or <a href="/wiki/Cacodylic_acid" title="Cacodylic acid">cacodylic chloride</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_career_and_achievements">Academic career and achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_von_Baeyer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Academic career and achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After completing his doctorate, he followed Kekulé to the <a href="/wiki/Ghent_University" title="Ghent University">University of Ghent</a>, when Kekulé became professor there. He became a lecturer at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gewerbeinstitut_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gewerbeinstitut Berlin (page does not exist)">Gewerbeinstitut Berlin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewerbeinstitut_Berlin" class="extiw" title="de:Gewerbeinstitut Berlin">de</a>]</span> (Royal Trade Academy) in 1860 and a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">University of Strasbourg</a> in 1871. In 1875, he succeeded <a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a> as Chemistry Professor at the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">University of Munich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baeyer's chief achievements include the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_synthesis" title="Chemical synthesis">synthesis</a> and description of the plant <a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">dye</a> <a href="/wiki/Indigo_dye" title="Indigo dye">indigo</a>, the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Phthalein" class="mw-redirect" title="Phthalein">phthalein</a> dyes, and the investigation of <a href="/wiki/Polyacetylene" title="Polyacetylene">polyacetylenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxonium_ion" title="Oxonium ion">oxonium</a> <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitroso" title="Nitroso">nitroso</a> compounds (1869) and <a href="/wiki/Uric_acid" title="Uric acid">uric acid</a> derivatives (1860 and onwards) (including the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Barbituric_acid" title="Barbituric acid">barbituric acid</a> (1864), the parent compound of the <a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">barbiturates</a>). He was the first to propose the correct formula for <a href="/wiki/Indole" title="Indole">indole</a> in 1869, after publishing the first synthesis three years earlier. His contributions to <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_chemistry" title="Theoretical chemistry">theoretical chemistry</a> include the 'strain' (<i>Spannung</i>) theory of <a href="/wiki/Triple_bond" title="Triple bond">triple bonds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baeyer_strain_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Baeyer strain theory">strain theory</a> in small <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> rings.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1871 he discovered the synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Phenolphthalein" title="Phenolphthalein">phenolphthalein</a> by <a href="/wiki/Condensation_reaction" title="Condensation reaction">condensation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Phthalic_anhydride" title="Phthalic anhydride">phthalic anhydride</a> with two equivalents of <a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">phenol</a> under <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acidic</a> conditions (hence the name). That same year he was the first to obtain synthetic <a href="/wiki/Fluorescein" title="Fluorescein">fluorescein</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fluorophore" title="Fluorophore">fluorophore</a> <a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigment</a> which is similar to naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Pyoverdin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyoverdin">pyoverdin</a> that is synthesised by microorganisms (e.g., by some <a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">fluorescent</a> strains of <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudomonas" title="Pseudomonas">Pseudomonas</a></i>). Baeyer named his finding "resorcinphthalein" as he had synthesised it from <a href="/wiki/Phthalic_anhydride" title="Phthalic anhydride">phthalic anhydride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resorcinol" title="Resorcinol">resorcinol</a>. The term <a href="/wiki/Fluorescein" title="Fluorescein">fluorescein</a> would not start to be used until 1878. </p><p>In 1872 he experimented with <a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">phenol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a>; the resinous product<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a precursor for <a href="/wiki/Leo_Baekeland" title="Leo Baekeland">Leo Baekeland</a>'s later commercialization of <a href="/wiki/Bakelite" title="Bakelite">Bakelite</a>. </p><p>In 1881 the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Society of London">Royal Society of London</a> awarded Baeyer the <a href="/wiki/Davy_Medal" title="Davy Medal">Davy Medal</a> for his work with indigo. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1905 he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> "in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds", and he continued in full active work as one of the best-known teachers in the world of organic chemistry up to within a year of his death.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_von_Baeyer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1881: <a href="/wiki/Davy_Medal" title="Davy Medal">Davy Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> in London</li> <li>1884: <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> fellow.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1884: <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Prussian Academy of Sciences">Prussian Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1884: International Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1885: foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1885: survey in the hereditary nobility of the Kingdom of Bavaria</li> <li>1895: admission into the <a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1989: International Member of the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Liebig_Medal" title="Liebig Medal">Liebig Medal</a>, awarded by the German Chemical Society</li> <li>1905: Nobel Prize in Chemistry</li> <li>1910: International Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf-von-Baeyer-Denkm%C3%BCnze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf-von-Baeyer-Denkmünze (page does not exist)">Adolf von Baeyer Medal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf-von-Baeyer-Denkm%C3%BCnze" class="extiw" title="de:Adolf-von-Baeyer-Denkmünze">de</a>]</span> has been awarded annually since 1911. </p><p>His name is reflected in various "name reactions" as the <a href="/wiki/Baeyer%E2%80%93Villiger_oxidation" title="Baeyer–Villiger oxidation">Baeyer–Villiger oxidation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baeyer%27s_reagent" class="mw-redirect" title="Baeyer's reagent">Baeyer's reagent</a>. There is also the <a href="/wiki/Von_Baeyer_nomenclature" title="Von Baeyer nomenclature">Von Baeyer nomenclature</a> in structural chemistry and Baeyer <a href="/wiki/Ring_strain" title="Ring strain">strain theory</a> (which granted him the Nobel prize) of <a href="/wiki/Alicyclic_compound" title="Alicyclic compound">alicyclic compounds</a>. </p><p>In 2009 <a href="/wiki/Von_Baeyer_(crater)" title="Von Baeyer (crater)">von Baeyer</a> <a href="/wiki/Lunar_craters" title="Lunar craters">lunar crater</a> was named after him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_von_Baeyer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1868, Baeyer married Adelheid (Lida) Bendemann, the daughter of a family friend, and together the couple had three children: Eugenie, Hans, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_von_Baeyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto von Baeyer (page does not exist)">Otto</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Baeyer" class="extiw" title="de:Otto von Baeyer">de</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died on 20 August 1917 in <a href="/wiki/Starnberg" title="Starnberg">Starnberg</a> at the age of 81. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_von_Baeyer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimanic_drugs" title="Antimanic drugs">Antimanic drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbituric_acid" title="Barbituric acid">Barbituric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydantoin" title="Hydantoin">Hydantoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indole" title="Indole">Indole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrosobenzene" title="Nitrosobenzene">Nitrosobenzene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolphthalein" title="Phenolphthalein">Phenolphthalein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picoline" title="Picoline">Picoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resorcinarene" title="Resorcinarene">Resorcinarene</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_von_Baeyer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-The_Mathematics_Genealogy_Project-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Mathematics_Genealogy_Project_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=158752">"Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer"</a>. <i>The Mathematics Genealogy Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mathematics+Genealogy+Project&rft.atitle=Johann+Friedrich+Wilhelm+Adolf+von+Baeyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu%2Fid.php%3Fid%3D158752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdolf_Baeyer,_Viggo_Drewsen1882" class="citation journal cs1">Adolf Baeyer, Viggo Drewsen (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k906950/f1258.image.langEN">"Darstellung von Indigblau aus Orthonitrobenzaldehyd"</a> [Preparation of blue indigo from o-nitrobenzaldehyde]. <i><a href="/wiki/Berichte_der_deutschen_chemischen_Gesellschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft">Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft</a></i>. <b>15</b> (2): 2856–2864. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcber.188201502274">10.1002/cber.188201502274</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berichte+der+deutschen+chemischen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=Darstellung+von+Indigblau+aus+Orthonitrobenzaldehyd&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=2856-2864&rft.date=1882&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fcber.188201502274&rft.au=Adolf+Baeyer%2C+Viggo+Drewsen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k906950%2Ff1258.image.langEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meijere-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meijere_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Adolf von Baeyer: Winner of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry 1905 </i> Armin de Meijere <a href="/wiki/Angewandte_Chemie_International_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Angewandte Chemie International Edition">Angewandte Chemie International Edition</a> Volume 44, Issue 48, Pages 7836 – 7840 <b>2005</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121210203036/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/112190460/ABSTRACT">Abstract</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1905/baeyer-bio.html">"Adolf von Baeyer – Biographical"</a>. Nobelprize.org. 1917-08-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adolf+von+Baeyer+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft.date=1917-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1905%2Fbaeyer-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz7302.html">Baeyer, Adolf Ritter von</a> in <i>Deutsche Biographie</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">During the Nazi period, Baeyer's Jewish ancestry caused difficulties for his grandsons, who were compelled to emigrate to Canada and the United States.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnurmann2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schnurmann, Claudia (2014-10-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XewbBAAAQBAJ"><i>Brücken aus Papier: Atlantischer Wissenstransfer in dem Briefnetzwerk des deutsch-amerikanischen Ehepaars Francis und Mathilde Lieber, 1827–1872</i></a> (in German). Note 1445. Germany: LIT Verlag Münster. p. 371. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-12678-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-12678-8"><bdi>978-3-643-12678-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Br%C3%BCcken+aus+Papier%3A+Atlantischer+Wissenstransfer+in+dem+Briefnetzwerk+des+deutsch-amerikanischen+Ehepaars+Francis+und+Mathilde+Lieber%2C+1827%E2%80%931872&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2014-10-15&rft.isbn=978-3-643-12678-8&rft.aulast=Schnurmann&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXewbBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOakes2007" class="citation book cs1">Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uPRB-OED1bcC"><i>Encyclopedia of World Scientists</i></a>. NY, USA: Infobase Publishing. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1882-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1882-6"><bdi>978-1-4381-1882-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Scientists&rft.place=NY%2C+USA&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1882-6&rft.aulast=Oakes&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuPRB-OED1bcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson1992" class="citation book cs1">Hudson, John (1992-01-01). <i>Organic Chemistry since 1860</i>. Springer US. p. 303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4684-6441-2">10.1007/978-1-4684-6441-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4684-6443-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4684-6443-6"><bdi>978-1-4684-6443-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organic+Chemistry+since+1860&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=Springer+US&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4684-6441-2&rft.isbn=978-1-4684-6443-6&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdolf_Baeyer1885" class="citation journal cs1">Adolf Baeyer (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90703s/f463.image.langEN">"Ueber Polyacetylenverbindungen (Zweite Mittheilung)"</a> [On polyacetylene compounds (Part II)]. <i><a href="/wiki/Berichte_der_deutschen_chemischen_Gesellschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft">Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft</a></i>. <b>18</b> (2): 2269–2281. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcber.18850180296">10.1002/cber.18850180296</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berichte+der+deutschen+chemischen+Gesellschaft&rft.atitle=Ueber+Polyacetylenverbindungen+%28Zweite+Mittheilung%29&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=2269-2281&rft.date=1885&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fcber.18850180296&rft.au=Adolf+Baeyer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k90703s%2Ff463.image.langEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span> See especially pages 2277-2281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/468698/major-industrial-polymers/76466/Phenol-formaldehyde">"Major industrial polymers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+industrial+polymers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F468698%2Fmajor-industrial-polymers%2F76466%2FPhenol-formaldehyde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780%E2%80%932010%3A+Chapter+B&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1922" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Baeyer,_Johann_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Adolf_von" class="extiw" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von">Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p. 365.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baeyer%2C+Johann+Friedrich+Wilhelm+Adolf+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pages=365&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=The+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Company&rft.date=1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbaw.de/die-akademie/akademiegeschichte/mitglieder-historisch/alphabetische-sortierung?altmitglied_id=94&letter=B">"Mitglieder der Vorgängerakademien"</a>. <i>Adolf Ritter von Baeyer</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adolf+Ritter+von+Baeyer&rft.atitle=Mitglieder+der+Vorg%C3%A4ngerakademien.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbaw.de%2Fdie-akademie%2Fakademiegeschichte%2Fmitglieder-historisch%2Falphabetische-sortierung%3Faltmitglied_id%3D94%26letter%3DB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/adolf-johann-friedrich-wilhelm-von-baeyer">"Adolf Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Baeyer"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i>. 2023-02-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Adolf+Johann+Friedrich+Wilhelm+von+Baeyer&rft.date=2023-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fadolf-johann-friedrich-wilhelm-von-baeyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527025038/https://collections.royalsociety.org/Dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=Code%3D%3D%27NA6255%27&dsqCmd=Show.tcl">"Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von (1835–1917)"</a>. <i>Archive of Royal Society</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.royalsociety.org/Dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=Code==%2527NA6255%2527&dsqCmd=Show.tcl">the original</a> on 2020-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archive+of+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Baeyer%2C+Johann+Friedrich+Wilhelm+Adolf+von+%281835%E2%80%931917%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.royalsociety.org%2FDserve.exe%3FdsqIni%3DDserve.ini%26dsqApp%3DArchive%26dsqDb%3DPersons%26dsqSearch%3DCode%3D%3D%252527NA6255%252527%26dsqCmd%3DShow.tcl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrden_Pour_le_Mérite_für_Wissenschaften_und_Künste1978" class="citation book cs1">Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160711000400/http://orden-pourlemerite.de/plm/mgvita/baeyer1835_vita.pdf"><i>Die Mitglieder des Ordens. 2 1882–1952</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7861-1125-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7861-1125-2"><bdi>978-3-7861-1125-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orden-pourlemerite.de/plm/mgvita/baeyer1835_vita.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-07-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Mitglieder+des+Ordens.+2+1882%E2%80%931952.&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Gebr.+Mann+Verlag&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-3-7861-1125-2&rft.au=Orden+Pour+le+M%C3%A9rite+f%C3%BCr+Wissenschaften+und+K%C3%BCnste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orden-pourlemerite.de%2Fplm%2Fmgvita%2Fbaeyer1835_vita.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001299.html">"Adolf von Baeyer"</a>. <i>www.nasonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasonline.org&rft.atitle=Adolf+von+Baeyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fdeceased-members%2F20001299.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Adolf+von+Baeyer&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DAdolf%2Bvon%2BBaeyer%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_von_Baeyer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Baeyer,_Johann_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Adolf_von">"Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 192.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baeyer%2C+Johann+Friedrich+Wilhelm+Adolf+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=192&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdolf+von+Baeyer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/164">Adolf von Baeyer</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57078#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1905/press.html">Speech</a> given by <a href="/wiki/Anders_Lindstedt" title="Anders Lindstedt">Anders Lindstedt</a>, President of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, on 10 December 1905, upon Baeyer's receiving the Nobel Prize</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (chemist)">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(chemist)" title="George Smith (chemist)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexei I. Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1905_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1905_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1905 Nobel Prize 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1905_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1905 Nobel Prize in Literature">1905</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a> (Poland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a> (Austria-Hungary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1901_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1901 Nobel Prize winners">1901</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1902_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1902 Nobel Prize winners">1902</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1903_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1903 Nobel Prize winners">1903</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1904_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1904 Nobel Prize winners">1904</a></dd> <dd><b>1905 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1906_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1906 Nobel Prize winners">1906</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1907_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1907 Nobel Prize winners">1907</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1908_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1908 Nobel Prize winners">1908</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1909_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1909 Nobel Prize winners">1909</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1910_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1910 Nobel Prize winners">1910</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57078#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57078#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57078#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081304794">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51828495">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/197800/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtRMMxGc4BHb6Vx9Vwt8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118646346">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87822890">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13167129p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13167129p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620311">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Baeyer, Adolf : von <1835-1917>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV071194">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36043840">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002150664&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069863547">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Baeyer, Adolf von, 1835-1917"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000351002&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258143505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517630906706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=158752">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1199209">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118646346.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118646346">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/085490334">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67942r9">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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