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class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">JavaScript framework</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">NestJS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NestJS-logo-wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/NestJS-logo-wordmark.svg/250px-NestJS-logo-wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/NestJS-logo-wordmark.svg/330px-NestJS-logo-wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/NestJS-logo-wordmark.svg/500px-NestJS-logo-wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kamil Myśliwiec</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kamil Myśliwiec, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/orgs/nestjs/people">NestJS core team</a> and others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">February 26, 2017<span class="noprint">; 8 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2017-02-26</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-KMB20170226_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KMB20170226-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">11.0.12 / March 19, 2025; 12 days ago<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-38db71003591e313eccbcb396aad27f5a9eb3a4e-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-38db71003591e313eccbcb396aad27f5a9eb3a4e-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107015664?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/nestjs/nest">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/nestjs<wbr />/nest</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107015664#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web framework</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nestjs.com/">nestjs<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107015664?uselang=en#P856" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>NestJS</b>, or simply <b>Nest</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Server-side" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side">server-side</a> <a href="/wiki/Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Web_framework" title="Web framework">web framework</a>, released as <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> under an <a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NestJS-docs_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NestJS-docs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NestJS_Development_Guide_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NestJS_Development_Guide-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NestJS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2017, Kamil Myśliwiec was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Angular_(web_framework)" title="Angular (web framework)">Angular</a> to build a <a href="/wiki/Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a>-based framework with an architecture based on <a href="/wiki/Socket.IO" title="Socket.IO">Socket.IO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Express.js" title="Express.js">Express</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NestJS-docs_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NestJS-docs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NestJS_Development_Guide_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NestJS_Development_Guide-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KMB20170226_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KMB20170226-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the NestJS <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> repository, the first tagged release, version 4.4.0, was on November 23, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-GH440_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GH440-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the following years, the framework broadened its functionality, adding support for additional adapters and drivers, such as <a href="/wiki/Fastify" title="Fastify">Fastify</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NestJS-docs-fastify_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NestJS-docs-fastify-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to provide more options for developers. It also introduced integration with popular message brokers, including <a href="/wiki/RabbitMQ" title="RabbitMQ">RabbitMQ</a><sup id="cite_ref-NestJS-docs-rmq_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NestJS-docs-rmq-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Apache_Kafka" title="Apache Kafka">Kafka</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NestJS-docs-kafka_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NestJS-docs-kafka-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to facilitate communication in distributed systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NestJS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NestJS offers several features for handling requests and responses. <a href="/wiki/Middleware" title="Middleware">Middleware</a> are based on Express, and are executed before the route handler. Guards are used to control access to routes by determining whether a request meets specific conditions. Interceptors allow additional logic to be executed before or after method execution. An interceptor should implement the <code>intercept</code> method of <code>NestInterceptor</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-NestJS_Development_Guide_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NestJS_Development_Guide-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularity">Popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NestJS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NestJS is used by <a href="/wiki/Sanofi" title="Sanofi">Sanofi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz</a>, <a href="/wiki/GitLab_Inc." title="GitLab Inc.">GitLab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roche" title="Roche">Roche</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decathlon_(retailer)" title="Decathlon (retailer)">Decathlon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a>, <a href="/wiki/JetBrains" title="JetBrains">JetBrains</a>, <a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capgemini" title="Capgemini">Capgemini</a>, <a href="/wiki/REWE_digital" class="mw-redirect" title="REWE digital">REWE digital</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NestJS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_server-side_web_frameworks#JavaScript" title="Comparison of server-side web frameworks">Comparison of server-side web frameworks § JavaScript</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NestJS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KMB20170226-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KMB20170226_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KMB20170226_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMyśliwiec2017" class="citation web cs1">Myśliwiec, Kamil (February 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kamilmysliwiec.com/build-modern-scalable-node-js-web-applications-with-nest">"Build modern & scalable Node.js web applications with Nest"</a>. Blog. <i>Kamil Myśliwiec</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kamil+My%C5%9Bliwiec&rft.atitle=Build+modern+%26+scalable+Node.js+web+applications+with+Nest&rft.date=2017-02-26&rft.aulast=My%C5%9Bliwiec&rft.aufirst=Kamil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkamilmysliwiec.com%2Fbuild-modern-scalable-node-js-web-applications-with-nest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestJS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-38db71003591e313eccbcb396aad27f5a9eb3a4e-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-38db71003591e313eccbcb396aad27f5a9eb3a4e-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/nestjs/nest/releases/tag/v11.0.12">"Release 11.0.12"</a>. March 19, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Release+11.0.12&rft.date=2025-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fnestjs%2Fnest%2Freleases%2Ftag%2Fv11.0.12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestJS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NestJS-docs-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NestJS-docs_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NestJS-docs_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.nestjs.com/">"Documentation"</a>. <i>NestJS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NestJS&rft.atitle=Documentation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.nestjs.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestJS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NestJS_Development_Guide-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NestJS_Development_Guide_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NestJS_Development_Guide_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NestJS_Development_Guide_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF温健民2024" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">温健民 (2024). 赵军 (ed.). <bdi lang="zh">NestJS全栈开发解析</bdi> [<i>NestJS Full-Stack Development Guide</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University_Press" title="Tsinghua University Press">Tsinghua University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787302671008" title="Special:BookSources/9787302671008"><bdi>9787302671008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NestJS%E5%85%A8%E6%A0%88%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90&rft.pub=Tsinghua+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9787302671008&rft.au=%E6%B8%A9%E5%81%A5%E6%B0%91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANestJS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GH440-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GH440_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/nestjs/nest/releases/tag/v4.4.0">"Release v4.4.0"</a>. nestjs/nest. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. 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