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active editors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">6,962,234</a> articles in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-upper"> <div id="mp-left" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" class="mp-h2">From today's featured article</h2> <div id="mp-tfa" class="mp-contains-float"><div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 170px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Congress_(NH_57005)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="USS Congress"><img alt="USS Congress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/USS_Congress_%28NH_57005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-USS_Congress_%28NH_57005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/USS_Congress_%28NH_57005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-USS_Congress_%28NH_57005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/USS_Congress_%28NH_57005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-USS_Congress_%28NH_57005%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5319" data-file-height="3606"></a></span></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/USS_Congress_(1799)" title="USS Congress (1799)">USS <i>Congress</i></a></b> was a <a href="/wiki/Rating_system_of_the_Royal_Navy#Practices_in_other_navies" title="Rating system of the Royal Navy">nominally rated</a> 38-gun wooden-hulled, three-masted <a href="/wiki/Frigate#Heavy_frigate" title="Frigate">heavy frigate</a> launched on 15 August 1799. She was one of the <a href="/wiki/Original_six_frigates_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Original six frigates of the United States Navy">original six frigates</a> of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> and, along with her <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ships</a>, was larger and more heavily armed than standard frigates of the period. Her first duties were to protect American shipping during the <a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a> with France. In 1804 and 1805, <i>Congress</i> helped to defeat the <a href="/wiki/Barbary_corsairs" title="Barbary corsairs">Barbary corsairs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_Barbary_War" title="First Barbary War">First Barbary War</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, she made several extended cruises with <i><a href="/wiki/USS_President_(1800)" title="USS President (1800)">President</a></i>: the pair captured 20 British merchant ships. At the end of 1813, due to a lack of materials to repair her, <i>Congress</i> was placed <a href="/wiki/Reserve_fleet" title="Reserve fleet">in reserve</a>. In 1815, she took part in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Barbary_War" title="Second Barbary War">Second Barbary War</a> and made patrols through 1816. In the 1820s, she helped suppress piracy in the West Indies, made several voyages to South America, and was the first U.S. warship to visit China. <i>Congress</i> spent her last ten years as a <a href="/wiki/Hulk_(ship_type)#Receiving_hulk" title="Hulk (ship type)">receiving ship</a> until she was broken up in 1834. (<b><a href="/wiki/USS_Congress_(1799)" title="USS Congress (1799)">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hughie_Ferguson" title="Hughie Ferguson">Hughie Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_White" title="Beverly White">Beverly White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anactoria" title="Anactoria">Anactoria</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/March_2025" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 2025">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" class="mp-h2">Did you know ...</h2> <div id="mp-dyk" class="mp-contains-float"> <div class="dyk-img" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 117px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paraquilegia_microphylla.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paraquilegia microphylla plant"><img alt="Paraquilegia microphylla plant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Paraquilegia_microphylla.jpg/117px-Paraquilegia_microphylla.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Paraquilegia_microphylla.jpg/176px-Paraquilegia_microphylla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Paraquilegia_microphylla.jpg/234px-Paraquilegia_microphylla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1786" data-file-height="2566"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;"><i>Paraquilegia microphylla</i> plant</div></div> </div> <ul><li>... that a 1920 article segregated members of <i><b><a href="/wiki/Isopyrum" title="Isopyrum">Isopyrum</a></b></i> into the new genus <i><b><a href="/wiki/Paraquilegia" title="Paraquilegia">Paraquilegia</a></b></i> – assigning it <i><b><a href="/wiki/Paraquilegia_anemonoides" title="Paraquilegia anemonoides">P. grandflorum</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="/wiki/Paraquilegia_caespitosa" title="Paraquilegia caespitosa">P. caespitosa</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="/wiki/Paraquilegia_microphylla" title="Paraquilegia microphylla"> P. microphylla</a></b></i> <i>(example pictured)</i>, and <i><b><a href="/wiki/Paraquilegia_uniflora" title="Paraquilegia uniflora">P. uniflora</a></b></i> – but had the "rather less fortunate" effect of expanding <i><b><a href="/wiki/Semiaquilegia" title="Semiaquilegia">Semiaquilegia</a></b></i> beyond <i><b><a href="/wiki/Semiaquilegia_adoxoides" title="Semiaquilegia adoxoides">S. adoxoides</a></b></i>?</li> <li>... that the publication of <i><b><a href="/wiki/Ten_no_Hate_Made_%E2%80%93_Poland_Hishi" title="Ten no Hate Made – Poland Hishi">Ten no Hate Made – Poland Hishi</a></b></i>, the first legally published manga in Poland, has been described as the event that created the <a href="/wiki/Anime_and_manga_fandom_in_Poland" title="Anime and manga fandom in Poland">manga fandom in the country</a>?</li> <li>... that when <b><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Starbuck" title="Wilson Starbuck">Wilson Starbuck</a></b><span class="nowrap">'s</span> play <i>Sea Dogs</i> was staged in 1939 it "contained some of the foulest language heard on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>" at that point in history?</li> <li>... that <a href="/wiki/Harry_Clarke" title="Harry Clarke">Harry Clarke</a>'s <i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Window" title="Geneva Window">Geneva Window</a></b></i> was never installed in Geneva because of the "grave offense" it might cause?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Michal_Pivo%C5%88ka" title="Michal Pivoňka">Michal Pivoňka</a></b><span class="nowrap">'s</span> father was demoted at work as a result of his son signing with the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a>?</li> <li>... that more than 5,000 genres on <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> use the suffix <i><b><a href="/wiki/-core" title="-core">-core</a></b></i>?</li> <li>... that <a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">blackface</a> minstrel show performer <b><a href="/wiki/George_L._Wade" title="George L. Wade">George L. Wade</a></b> was also a race car manufacturer?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Transportation_during_the_2024_Summer_Olympics_and_Paralympics" title="Transportation during the 2024 Summer Olympics and Paralympics">transportation during the 2024 Summer Olympics and Paralympics</a></b> accounted for 53 percent of the games' carbon footprint?</li> <li>... that a specimen of <i><b><a href="/wiki/Tyrannasorus_rex" title="Tyrannasorus rex">Tyrannasorus rex</a></b></i> had six legs and wings and was killed by a legume?</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist dyk-footer noprint" style="margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions" title="Wikipedia:Recent additions">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Start a new article</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Did_you_know" title="Template talk:Did you know">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-right" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" class="mp-h2">In the news</h2> <div id="mp-itn" class="mp-contains-float"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1053378754">.mw-parser-output .itn-img{float:right;margin-left:0.5em;margin-top:0.2em}</style><div role="figure" class="itn-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 181px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Ghost_Mission_1_rendering.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Blue Ghost lunar lander"><img alt="rendering of the Blue Ghost lunar lander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Blue_Ghost_Mission_1_rendering.jpg/181px-Blue_Ghost_Mission_1_rendering.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Blue_Ghost_Mission_1_rendering.jpg/272px-Blue_Ghost_Mission_1_rendering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Blue_Ghost_Mission_1_rendering.jpg/362px-Blue_Ghost_Mission_1_rendering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="336"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;">Blue Ghost lunar lander</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a>'s <b><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ghost_Mission_1" title="Blue Ghost Mission 1">Blue Ghost</a></b> <i>(rendering shown)</i> successfully soft-lands on the Moon as part of <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a> program.</li> <li>At <b><a href="/wiki/97th_Academy_Awards" title="97th Academy Awards">the Academy Awards</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anora" title="Anora">Anora</a></i> wins five awards, including <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>.</li> <li>In <b><a href="/wiki/2025_German_federal_election" title="2025 German federal election">the German federal election</a></b>, the <a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU/CSU</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Merz" title="Friedrich Merz">Friedrich Merz</a>, wins the most seats in the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a>.</li> <li>Archaeologists announce that the empty tomb <b><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Thutmose_II" title="Tomb of Thutmose II">Wadi <span class="nowrap">C-4</span></a></b> near <a href="/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a>, Egypt, was that of the pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a>.</li></ul> <div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"> <div><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Ongoing</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_campaign_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 campaign (2022–present)">M23 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_January_2025_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 January 2025 – present)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2025)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2025)">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <div><b><a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_2025" title="Deaths in 2025">Recent deaths</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Vettriano" title="Jack Vettriano">Jack Vettriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Lindley" title="Simon Lindley">Simon Lindley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Dolan" title="Larry Dolan">Larry Dolan</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anil_R._Joshi" title="Anil R. 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Joshi</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeong_Su-il" title="Jeong Su-il">Jeong Su-il</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist itn-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:In_the_news/Candidates" title="Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" class="mp-h2">On this day</h2> <div id="mp-otd" class="mp-contains-float"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a></b>: <i><b><a href="/wiki/Hinamatsuri" title="Hinamatsuri">Hinamatsuri</a></b></i> in Japan </p> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 140px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atelier_Nadar_-_Galli-Mari%C3%A9_in_Bizet%27s_Carmen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Célestine Galli-Marié as Carmen"><img alt="Célestine Galli-Marié as Carmen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Atelier_Nadar_-_Galli-Mari%C3%A9_in_Bizet%27s_Carmen.jpg/140px-Atelier_Nadar_-_Galli-Mari%C3%A9_in_Bizet%27s_Carmen.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Atelier_Nadar_-_Galli-Mari%C3%A9_in_Bizet%27s_Carmen.jpg/210px-Atelier_Nadar_-_Galli-Mari%C3%A9_in_Bizet%27s_Carmen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Atelier_Nadar_-_Galli-Mari%C3%A9_in_Bizet%27s_Carmen.jpg/280px-Atelier_Nadar_-_Galli-Mari%C3%A9_in_Bizet%27s_Carmen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2348" data-file-height="3209"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Célestine Galli-Marié as Carmen</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1284" title="1284">1284</a> – The <b><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Rhuddlan" title="Statute of Rhuddlan">Statute of Rhuddlan</a></b> was enacted, introducing <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English common law</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Wales" title="Principality of Wales">Principality of Wales</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bizet" title="Georges Bizet">Bizet</a>'s <i><b><a href="/wiki/Carmen" title="Carmen">Carmen</a></b></i> premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Comique" title="Opéra-Comique">Opéra-Comique</a> in Paris, with mezzo-soprano <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lestine_Galli-Mari%C3%A9" title="Célestine Galli-Marié">Célestine Galli-Marié</a> in the title role <i>(pictured)</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a> – <b><a href="/wiki/Shoshone_National_Forest" title="Shoshone National Forest">Shoshone National Forest</a></b> in <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> was established as the first <a href="/wiki/National_forest_(United_States)" title="National forest (United States)">national forest in the United States</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> – <b><a href="/wiki/Woman_Suffrage_Procession" title="Woman Suffrage Procession">Thousands of women marched</a></b> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, "in a spirit of protest" against the <a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">exclusion of women</a> from American society.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> – <b><a href="/wiki/Rodney_King" title="Rodney King">Rodney King</a></b> was beaten by <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Police_Department" title="Los Angeles Police Department">Los Angeles Police Department</a> officers during an arrest, causing public outrage that increased tensions between the African-American community and the police department over <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">police brutality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_inequality" title="Social inequality">social inequality</a>.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Antony_Bek_(bishop_of_Durham)" title="Antony Bek (bishop of Durham)">Antony Bek</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1311)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_J._Dunbar" title="Bonnie J. Dunbar">Bonnie J. Dunbar</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1949)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bettel" title="Xavier Bettel">Xavier Bettel</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1973)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/May_Cutler" title="May Cutler">May Cutler</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 2011)</li></ul></div> <div style="margin-top:0.5em;"> More anniversaries: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist otd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/March" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/March">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_days_of_the_year" title="List of days of the year">List of days of the year</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries">About</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-middle" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" class="mp-h2">From today's featured list</h2> <div id="mp-tfl" class="mp-contains-float"><div id="mp-tfl-img" style="float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.4em 0.9em;"><div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 120px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clint_Eastwood_at_2010_New_York_Film_Festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clint Eastwood"><img alt="Clint Eastwood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Clint_Eastwood_at_2010_New_York_Film_Festival.jpg/120px-Clint_Eastwood_at_2010_New_York_Film_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Clint_Eastwood_at_2010_New_York_Film_Festival.jpg/180px-Clint_Eastwood_at_2010_New_York_Film_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Clint_Eastwood_at_2010_New_York_Film_Festival.jpg/240px-Clint_Eastwood_at_2010_New_York_Film_Festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="1064"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Clint Eastwood</div></div> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/77th_Academy_Awards" title="77th Academy Awards">77th Academy Awards</a></b> ceremony, presented by the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> (AMPAS), honored <a href="/wiki/2004_in_film" title="2004 in film">films released in 2004</a> and took place on February 27, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Theatre" title="Dolby Theatre">Kodak Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>, Los Angeles. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> in 24 categories. Televised in the United States by <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, the ceremony was produced by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Cates" title="Gilbert Cates">Gilbert Cates</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/Louis_J._Horvitz" title="Louis J. Horvitz">Louis J. Horvitz</a>. Actor <a href="/wiki/Chris_Rock" title="Chris Rock">Chris Rock</a> hosted the show for the first time. <i><a href="/wiki/Million_Dollar_Baby" title="Million Dollar Baby">Million Dollar Baby</a></i> won four awards, including <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> for <a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> <i>(pictured)</i>. Other winners included <i><a href="/wiki/The_Aviator_(2004_film)" title="The Aviator (2004 film)">The Aviator</a></i>, with five awards, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredibles" title="The Incredibles">The Incredibles</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ray_(film)" title="Ray (film)">Ray</a></i>, with two each. The telecast garnered more than 42 million viewers in the United States. (<b><a href="/wiki/77th_Academy_Awards" title="77th Academy Awards">Full list...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfl-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Film_Music_Critics_Association_Award_for_Best_Original_Score_for_Television" title="International Film Music Critics Association Award for Best Original Score for Television">International Film Music Critics Association Award for Best Original Score for Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chronic_pain_syndromes" title="List of chronic pain syndromes">Chronic pain syndromes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Men%27s_T20_World_Cup_statistics" title="2024 Men's T20 World Cup statistics">2024 Men's T20 World Cup statistics</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfl-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_list/March_2025" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured list/March 2025">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_lists" title="Wikipedia:Featured lists">More featured lists</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <div id="mp-lower" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" class="mp-h2">Today's featured picture</h2> <div id="mp-tfp"> <table role="presentation" style="margin:0 3px 3px; width:100%; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 0.9em 0 0; width:400px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gumdrop_Meets_Spider_-_GPN-2000-001100.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo 9"><img alt="Apollo 9" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gumdrop_Meets_Spider_-_GPN-2000-001100.jpg/400px-Gumdrop_Meets_Spider_-_GPN-2000-001100.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="397" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gumdrop_Meets_Spider_-_GPN-2000-001100.jpg/600px-Gumdrop_Meets_Spider_-_GPN-2000-001100.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Gumdrop_Meets_Spider_-_GPN-2000-001100.jpg/800px-Gumdrop_Meets_Spider_-_GPN-2000-001100.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="3000"></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:0 6px 0 0"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a></b> was the third <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">crewed mission</a> in the United States <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a>. Launched by a <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> rocket from the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> on March 3, 1969, and flown in <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a>, the mission <a href="/wiki/Flight_qualification" title="Flight qualification">flight-qualified</a> the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a> (LM), showing that its crew could fly it independently, then <a href="/wiki/Space_rendezvous" title="Space rendezvous">rendezvous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Docking_and_berthing_of_spacecraft" title="Docking and berthing of spacecraft">dock</a>, as would be required for <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>, the first crewed lunar landing. Commander <a href="/wiki/James_McDivitt" title="James McDivitt">James McDivitt</a>, Command Module Pilot <a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">David Scott</a>, and Lunar Module Pilot <a href="/wiki/Rusty_Schweickart" title="Rusty Schweickart">Rusty Schweickart</a> tested systems and procedures critical to landing on the Moon. A <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">spacewalk</a> tested the extravehicular <a href="/wiki/Primary_life_support_system" title="Primary life support system">life support backpack</a>. McDivitt and Schweickart, entering the LM through the docking tunnel, became the first humans to pass between spacecraft without going outside them, two months after Soviet <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">cosmonauts</a> spacewalked to transfer between <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_4" title="Soyuz 4">Soyuz 4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_5" title="Soyuz 5">Soyuz 5</a>. Apollo 9, a complete success, landed in the Atlantic Ocean on March 13 and was followed by <a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">Apollo 10</a>, the dress rehearsal for Apollo 11. This photograph, taken by Schweickart, shows Scott performing a stand-up <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">extravehicular activity</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module" title="Apollo command and service module">Command Module</a> <i>Gumdrop</i>, seen from the docked LM <i>Spider</i> with the Earth in the background. </p> <p style="text-align:left;"><small>Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rusty_Schweickart" title="Rusty Schweickart">Rusty Schweickart</a>; edited by Coffeeandcrumbs</small></p> <div class="potd-recent" style="text-align:right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-03-02" title="Template:POTD/2025-03-02">Whitehead's trogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-03-01" title="Template:POTD/2025-03-01"><i>The Palace of 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id="mp-sister-content"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output 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Many <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="meta:List of Wikipedias">other Wikipedias are available</a>; some of the largest are listed below. </p> <ul class="plainlinks"> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">1,000,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar">العربية</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="German (de:)" lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es">Español</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa">فارسی</span></a>‎</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="French (fr:)" lang="fr">Français</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Italian (it:)" lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja">日本語</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl">Polski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt">Português</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv">Svenska</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk">Українська</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh">中文</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">250,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Minnan (nan:)" lang="nan">Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg">Български</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca">Català</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs">Čeština</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Danish (da:)" lang="da">Dansk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo">Esperanto</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu">Euskara</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he">עברית</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Armenian (hy:)" lang="hy">Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko">한국어</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu">Magyar</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no">Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro">Română</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="en">Simple English</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk">Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr">Srpski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi">Suomi</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr">Türkçe</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Uzbek (uz:)" lang="uz">Oʻzbekcha</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">50,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Asturian (ast:)" lang="ast">Asturianu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Azerbaijani (az:)" lang="az">Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bangla (bn:)" lang="bn">বাংলা</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bosnian (bs:)" lang="bs">Bosanski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Central Kurdish (ckb:)" lang="ckb">کوردی</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et">Eesti</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Greek (el:)" lang="el">Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Western Frisian (fy:)" lang="fy">Frysk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Irish (ga:)" lang="ga">Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl">Galego</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr">Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Georgian (ka:)" lang="ka">ქართული</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Kurdish (ku:)" lang="ku">Kurdî</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Latvian (lv:)" lang="lv">Latviešu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt">Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malayalam (ml:)" lang="ml">മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Macedonian (mk:)" lang="mk">Македонски</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Burmese (my:)" lang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" lang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Punjabi (pa:)" lang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Albanian (sq:)" lang="sq">Shqip</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovenian (sl:)" lang="sl">Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Thai (th:)" lang="th">ไทย</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Telugu (te:)" lang="te">తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Urdu (ur:)" lang="ur">اردو</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div></div> </div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=1276485694">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=1276485694</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled language-selector button"> <span>Language</span> </a> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="" data-user-gender="" data-timestamp=""> <span>View edit history of this page.</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 February 2025, at 03:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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