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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Washington_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Washington (disambiguation)">Washington (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="District of Columbia (disambiguation)">District of Columbia (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_capital_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="United States capital (disambiguation)">United States capital (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_district_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal district of the United States">federal district</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The city is on the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>, across from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, and shares land borders with <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> to its north and east. It was named after <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. The district is named after <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a>, the female <a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">personification of the nation</a>. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Washington, D.C.</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Federal capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">district</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">District of Columbia</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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.trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:156px;max-width:156px"><div style="height:196px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Mall,_Lincoln_Memorial_04448v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aerial view of the Lincoln Memorial, reflecting pool, and Washington Monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/National_Mall%2C_Lincoln_Memorial_04448v.jpg/154px-National_Mall%2C_Lincoln_Memorial_04448v.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="196" class="mw-file-element" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/12-07-13-washington-by-RalfR-08.jpg/195px-12-07-13-washington-by-RalfR-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/12-07-13-washington-by-RalfR-08.jpg/260px-12-07-13-washington-by-RalfR-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288"></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol"> U.S. Capitol</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:WashingtonNationalCathedralHighsmith15393v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Gothic Washington National Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/WashingtonNationalCathedralHighsmith15393v.jpg/97px-WashingtonNationalCathedralHighsmith15393v.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/WashingtonNationalCathedralHighsmith15393v.jpg/146px-WashingtonNationalCathedralHighsmith15393v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/WashingtonNationalCathedralHighsmith15393v.jpg/194px-WashingtonNationalCathedralHighsmith15393v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5167" data-file-height="6515"></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/National_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cathedral">National Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:189px;max-width:189px"><div style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:12-07-12-wikimania-wdc-by-RalfR-010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Train arriving at the McPherson Square metro station with a domed concrete ceiling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/12-07-12-wikimania-wdc-by-RalfR-010.jpg/187px-12-07-12-wikimania-wdc-by-RalfR-010.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/12-07-12-wikimania-wdc-by-RalfR-010.jpg/281px-12-07-12-wikimania-wdc-by-RalfR-010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/12-07-12-wikimania-wdc-by-RalfR-010.jpg/374px-12-07-12-wikimania-wdc-by-RalfR-010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4212" data-file-height="2745"></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:191px;max-width:191px"><div style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Adams_Morgan_Day_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colorful rowhouses in Adams Morgan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Adams_Morgan_Day_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/189px-Adams_Morgan_Day_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Adams_Morgan_Day_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/284px-Adams_Morgan_Day_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Adams_Morgan_Day_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/378px-Adams_Morgan_Day_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2251" data-file-height="1688"></a></div><div>Stores in <a href="/wiki/Adams_Morgan" title="Adams Morgan">Adams Morgan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div style="height:141px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Smithsonian_Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Planes suspended from the ceiling of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum lobby" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Smithsonian_Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg/95px-Smithsonian_Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Smithsonian_Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg/143px-Smithsonian_Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Smithsonian_Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg/190px-Smithsonian_Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800"></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:115px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_lawn_(long_tightly_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Manicured South Lawn of the White House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg/288px-White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg/432px-White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg/576px-White_House_lawn_%28long_tightly_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3383" data-file-height="1354"></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Washington,_D.C.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Washington, D.C."><img alt="Flag of Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/125px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/188px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/250px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Flag of Washington, D.C.">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_District_of_Columbia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Washington, D.C."><img alt="Official seal of Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Seal_of_the_District_of_Columbia.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_District_of_Columbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Seal_of_the_District_of_Columbia.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_District_of_Columbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Seal_of_the_District_of_Columbia.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_District_of_Columbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Washington, D.C.">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">D.C., The District</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Justitia Omnibus (English: Justice for All)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: "Washington"<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-lat="38.895" data-lon="-77.036666666667" data-overlays='["_2461ad7106f3e860a069f2f47e32f6fad865a810"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/38.895/-77.036666666667/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,38.895,-77.036666666667,280x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Washington%2C_D.C.&revid=1258904009&groups=_2461ad7106f3e860a069f2f47e32f6fad865a810" width="280" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,38.895,-77.036666666667,280x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Washington%2C_D.C.&revid=1258904009&groups=_2461ad7106f3e860a069f2f47e32f6fad865a810 2x" alt="Map"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Washington, D.C.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:DC_neighborhoods_map_high_res.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Neighborhoods of Washington, D.C."><img alt="Neighborhoods of Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/DC_neighborhoods_map_high_res.png/250px-DC_neighborhoods_map_high_res.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/DC_neighborhoods_map_high_res.png/375px-DC_neighborhoods_map_high_res.png 1.5x, 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.pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Washington, D.C. is located in the United States"><img alt="Washington, D.C. is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.465%;left:81.664%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Washington, D.C.</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of the United States</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Washington, D.C. is located in North America"><img alt="Washington, D.C. is located in North America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1185"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.264%;left:71.372%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Washington, D.C.</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of North America</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Washington,_D.C.&params=38_54_17_N_77_00_59_W_dim:50000_region:US-DC_type:adm1st&title=District+of+Columbia">38°54′17″N 77°00′59″W / 38.90472°N 77.01639°W / 38.90472; -77.01639 (District of Columbia)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a></th><td class="infobox-data">July 16, 1790</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Organic_Act_of_1801" title="District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801">Organized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">February 27, 1801</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Organic_Act_of_1871" title="District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871">Consolidated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">February 21, 1871</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Home_Rule_Act" title="District of Columbia Home Rule Act">Home Rule Act</a></th><td class="infobox-data">December 24, 1973</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Mayor of the District of Columbia">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Bowser" title="Muriel Bowser">Muriel Bowser</a> (<a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">D.C. Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="List of members of the Council of the District of Columbia">List</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align:left;display:yes;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Mendelson" title="Phil Mendelson">Phil Mendelson</a> (D), Chair</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Anita_Bonds" title="Anita Bonds">Anita Bonds</a> (D), At‑large</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Christina_Henderson_(politician)" title="Christina Henderson (politician)">Christina Henderson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">I</a>), At‑large</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Robert_White_(Washington,_D.C.,_politician)" title="Robert White (Washington, D.C., politician)">Robert White</a> (D), At‑large</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_McDuffie" title="Kenyan McDuffie">Kenyan McDuffie</a> (I), At‑large</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Brianne_Nadeau" title="Brianne Nadeau">Brianne Nadeau</a> (D), Ward 1</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Pinto" title="Brooke Pinto">Brooke Pinto</a> (D), Ward 2</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Frumin" title="Matthew Frumin">Matthew Frumin</a> (D), Ward 3</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Janeese_Lewis_George" title="Janeese Lewis George">Janeese Lewis George</a> (D), Ward 4</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Parker" title="Zachary Parker">Zachary Parker</a> (D), Ward 5</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_(Washington,_D.C._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Allen (Washington, D.C. politician)">Charles Allen</a> (D), Ward 6</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_C._Gray" title="Vincent C. Gray">Vincent C. Gray</a> (D), Ward 7</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Trayon_White" title="Trayon White">Trayon White</a> (D), Ward 8<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Holmes_Norton" title="Eleanor Holmes Norton">Eleanor Holmes Norton</a> (D), <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="District of Columbia's at-large congressional district">Delegate</a> (At-large)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Federal capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">district</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">68.35 sq mi (177.0 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">61.126 sq mi (158.32 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">7.224 sq mi (18.71 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">409 ft (125 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 ft (0 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Federal capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">district</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">689,545</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2023)<a href="#cite_note-PopEstimates-4">[4]</a></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">678,972</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_cities_by_population" title="List of North American cities by population">64th</a> in North America <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">23rd</a> in the United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">11,280.71/sq mi (4,355.39/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-urban_area-5">[5]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,174,759 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">8th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,997.5/sq mi (1,543.4/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-MetroEst-6">[6]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,304,975 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan statistical areas">7th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Washingtonian<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-bea.gov-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Federal capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">district</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$174.8 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">$660.6 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Time">Eastern Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">Eastern Daylight Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">20001–20098, 20201–20599, 56901–56999</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_202_and_771" title="Area codes 202 and 771">202 and 771</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">US-DC</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Airports</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_serving_Washington,_D.C." title="List of airports serving Washington, D.C.">Full list</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dulles_International_Airport" title="Dulles International Airport">Dulles International</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport" title="Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport">Reagan National</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore/Washington_International_Airport" title="Baltimore/Washington International Airport">Baltimore/Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Railroads</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_railroads_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of railroads in Washington, D.C.">Full list</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/MARC_Train" title="MARC Train">MARC Train</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Railway_Express" title="Virginia Railway Express">Virginia Railway Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dc.gov/">dc.gov</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a> in 1789 called for the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">federal district</a> under the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_home_rule" title="District of Columbia home rule">exclusive jurisdiction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a>. As such, Washington, D.C., is not part of any <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a>, and is not one itself. The <a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a>, adopted on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Capital_districts_and_territories" title="Capital districts and territories">capital district</a> along the Potomac River. The city was founded in 1791, and the <a href="/wiki/6th_United_States_Congress" title="6th United States Congress">6th Congress</a> held the first session in the unfinished <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol Building</a> in 1800 after the capital moved from <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. In 1801, the District of Columbia, formerly part of Maryland and Virginia and including the existing settlements of <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>, was officially recognized as the federal district; initially, the city was a separate settlement within the larger district. In 1846, Congress <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_retrocession" title="District of Columbia retrocession">returned the land originally ceded by Virginia</a>, including the city of Alexandria. In 1871, it created a <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Organic_Act_of_1871" title="District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871">single municipality</a> for the remaining portion of the district. There have been several unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_statehood_movement" title="District of Columbia statehood movement">efforts to make the district into a state</a> since the 1880s; a <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_Admission_Act" title="Washington, D.C., Admission Act">statehood bill</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> in 2021 but was not adopted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a>. To become law it would have to be passed by the Senate and signed by president; it would have renamed the city Washington, Douglas Commonwealth and shrunk the Federal District to about the size of the national mall. <a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plan" title="L'Enfant Plan">Designed in 1791</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Charles_L%27Enfant" title="Pierre Charles L'Enfant">Pierre Charles L'Enfant</a>, the city is divided into <a href="/wiki/Quadrants_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Quadrants of Washington, D.C.">quadrants</a>, which are centered around the Capitol Building and include 131 <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.">neighborhoods</a>. As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, the city had a population of 689,545.<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-3">[3]</a> Commuters from the city's Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Commerce-12">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a>, which includes parts of Maryland, Virginia, and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, is the country's <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">seventh-largest metropolitan area</a>, with a 2023 population of 6.3 million residents.<a href="#cite_note-MetroEst-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Mayor of the District of Columbia">A locally elected mayor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">13-member council</a> have governed the district since 1973, though Congress retains the power to overturn local laws. Washington, D.C., residents are, on the federal level, <a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement">politically disenfranchised</a> since the city's residents do not have voting representation in Congress; the city's residents elect a single <a href="/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">non-voting congressional delegate</a> to the U.S. House of Representatives. The city's voters choose three <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">presidential electors</a> in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-third Amendment</a>, passed in 1961. Washington, D.C. anchors the southern end of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a>. As the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a>, the city is an important <a href="/wiki/Caput_Mundi" title="Caput Mundi">world political capital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The city hosts the buildings that house federal government headquarters, including the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, the Capitol, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">Supreme Court Building</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">multiple federal departments and agencies</a>. The city is home to many national <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of museums in Washington, D.C.">monuments and museums</a>, located most prominently on or around the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a>. It hosts <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of diplomatic missions in Washington, D.C.">177 foreign embassies</a> and serves as the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a>, and other international organizations. Home to many of the nation's largest industry associations, non-profit organizations, and <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tanks</a>, D.C. is known as a <a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_the_United_States" title="Lobbying in the United States">lobbying</a> hub, with <a href="/wiki/K_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="K Street (Washington, D.C.)">K Street</a> as the industry center.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The city had 20.7 million domestic visitors<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> and 1.2 million international visitors, ranking seventh among U.S. cities as of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Founding">1.1 Founding</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Burning_during_War_of_1812">1.2 Burning during War of 1812</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Retrocession_and_the_Civil_War">1.3 Retrocession and the Civil War</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Growth_and_redevelopment">1.4 Growth and redevelopment</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Civil_rights_and_home_rule_era">1.5 Civil rights and home rule era</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Statehood_movement">1.6 Statehood movement</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Geography">2 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Climate">2.1 Climate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Cityscape">3 Cityscape</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Architecture">3.1 Architecture</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Demographics">4 Demographics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Economy">5 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Federal_government">5.1 Federal government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Diplomacy">5.2 Diplomacy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Research_and_non-profit_organizations">5.3 Research and non-profit organizations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Private_sector">5.4 Private sector</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Tourism">5.5 Tourism</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Culture">6 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Arts">6.1 Arts</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Music">6.2 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Cuisine">6.3 Cuisine</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Museums">6.4 Museums</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="#Smithsonian_museums">6.4.1 Smithsonian museums</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Other_museums">6.4.2 Other museums</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Landmarks">6.5 Landmarks</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a href="#National_Mall_and_Tidal_Basin">6.5.1 National Mall and Tidal Basin</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#Other_landmarks">6.5.2 Other landmarks</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Parks">7 Parks</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Sports">8 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#City_government">9 City government</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Politics">9.1 Politics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Budgetary_issues">9.2 Budgetary issues</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Homelessness">9.3 Homelessness</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Federal_voting_rights">10 Federal voting rights</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Education">11 Education</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Higher_education">11.1 Higher education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Libraries">11.2 Libraries</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#Library_of_Congress">11.2.1 Library of Congress</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#District_of_Columbia_Public_Library">11.2.2 District of Columbia Public Library</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Media">12 Media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#Infrastructure">13 Infrastructure</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Transportation">13.1 Transportation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-44"><a href="#Streets_and_highways">13.1.1 Streets and highways</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-45"><a href="#Cycling">13.1.2 Cycling</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-46"><a href="#Walkability">13.1.3 Walkability</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-47"><a href="#River_crossings">13.1.4 River crossings</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-48"><a href="#Rail">13.1.5 Rail</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-49"><a href="#Bus">13.1.6 Bus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-50"><a href="#Air">13.1.7 Air</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="#Utilities">13.2 Utilities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#Crime_and_police">14 Crime and police</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><a href="#D.C._National_Guard">15 D.C. National Guard</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54"><a href="#Sister_cities">16 Sister cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55"><a href="#See_also">17 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-56"><a href="#Explanatory_notes">18 Explanatory notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57"><a href="#References">19 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="#External_links">20 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Washington,_D.C." title="History of Washington, D.C.">History of Washington, D.C.</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Timeline of Washington, D.C.">Timeline of Washington, D.C.</a></div> Various tribes of the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Piscataway_people" title="Piscataway people">Piscataway people</a>, also known as the Conoy, inhabited the lands around the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> and present-day Washington, D.C., when Europeans first arrived and colonized the region in the early 17th century. The <a href="/wiki/Nacotchtank" title="Nacotchtank">Nacotchtank</a>, also called the Nacostines by <a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Catholic missionaries</a>, maintained settlements around the <a href="/wiki/Anacostia_River" title="Anacostia River">Anacostia River</a> in present-day Washington, D.C. Conflicts with <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonists</a> and neighboring tribes ultimately displaced the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near <a href="/wiki/Point_of_Rocks,_Maryland" title="Point of Rocks, Maryland">Point of Rocks, Maryland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USCapitol1800.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/USCapitol1800.jpg/220px-USCapitol1800.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3160" data-file-height="2425"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/USCapitol1800.jpg/220px-USCapitol1800.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/USCapitol1800.jpg/330px-USCapitol1800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/USCapitol1800.jpg/440px-USCapitol1800.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> began assembling in the new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a> in 1800 after the nation's capital was moved from <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States#National_capitals" title="List of capitals in the United States">Nine cities served as capitals</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> and under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> was the first capital upon the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a>, succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, which was capital from 1790 to 1800.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> On October 6, 1783, after the capital was forced by the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Mutiny_of_1783" title="Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783">Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783</a> to move to Princeton, Congress resolved to consider a new location for it.<a href="#cite_note-JCC120-19">[19]</a> The following day, <a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a> of Massachusetts moved "that buildings for the use of Congress be erected on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware</a> near <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a>, or of the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a>, provided a suitable district can be procured on one of the rivers as aforesaid, for a federal town".<a href="#cite_note-JCC127-20">[20]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Federalist_No._43" title="Federalist No. 43">Federalist No. 43</a>, published January 23, 1788, <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> argued that the new <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a> would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance and safety.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8:_Powers_of_Congress" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article One, Section Eight</a> of the Constitution permits the establishment of a "District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States".<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> However, the constitution does not specify a location for the capital. In the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1790" title="Compromise of 1790">Compromise of 1790</a>, Madison, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> agreed that the federal government would pay each state's remaining <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> debts in exchange for establishing the new national capital in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Crew124-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[a]</a> On July 9, 1790, Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a>, which approved the creation of a national capital on the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>. Under the Residence Act, the exact location was to be selected by President <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, who signed the bill into law on July 16, 1790. Formed from land donated by Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles (16 km) on each side and totaling 100 square miles (259 km2).<a href="#cite_note-Crew89-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[b]</a> Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a>, founded in 1751,<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">port</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a>, founded in 1749.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> In 1791 and 1792, a team led by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ellicott" title="Andrew Ellicott">Andrew Ellicott</a>, including Ellicott's brothers <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellicott" title="Joseph Ellicott">Joseph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ellicott" title="Benjamin Ellicott">Benjamin</a> and African American <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Banneker" title="Benjamin Banneker">Benjamin Banneker</a>, whose parents had been enslaved, surveyed the borders of the federal district and placed <a href="/wiki/Boundary_markers_of_the_original_District_of_Columbia" title="Boundary markers of the original District of Columbia">boundary stones</a> at every mile point; many of these stones are still standing.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> Both Maryland and Virginia were <a href="/wiki/Slave_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave states">slave states</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Slavery in the District of Columbia">slavery existed</a> in the District from its founding. The building of Washington likely relied in significant part on slave labor, and slave receipts have been found for the White House, Capitol Building, and establishment of Georgetown University. The city became an important <a href="/wiki/Slave_market" title="Slave market">slave market</a> and a center of the nation's <a href="/wiki/Slave_trade_in_the_United_States" title="Slave trade in the United States">internal slave trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> After its survey, the new <a href="/wiki/Federal_city" title="Federal city">federal city</a> was constructed on the north bank of the Potomac River, to the east of Georgetown centered on <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a>. On September 9, 1791, three commissioners overseeing the capital's construction named the city in honor of President Washington. The same day, the federal district was named Columbia, a feminine form of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Columbus</a>, which was <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">a poetic name for the United States</a> commonly used at that time.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> Congress held its first session there on November 17, 1800.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Organic_Act_of_1801" title="District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801">District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801</a>, which officially organized the district and placed the entire territory under the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_home_rule" title="District of Columbia home rule">exclusive control</a> of the federal government. The area within the district was organized into two counties, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_D.C." title="Washington County, D.C.">County of Washington</a> to the east and north of the Potomac and the <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_County,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandria County, D.C.">County of Alexandria</a> to the west and south.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> After the Act's passage, citizens in the district were no longer considered residents of Maryland or Virginia, which ended their representation in Congress.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burning_during_War_of_1812">Burning during War of 1812</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">Burning of Washington</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Burning_Washington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/British_Burning_Washington.jpg/220px-British_Burning_Washington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="626"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/British_Burning_Washington.jpg/220px-British_Burning_Washington.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/British_Burning_Washington.jpg/330px-British_Burning_Washington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/British_Burning_Washington.jpg/440px-British_Burning_Washington.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>After their victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">Battle of Bladensburg</a> in 1814, the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="British Army during the American Revolutionary War">British Army</a> burned the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> and other buildings during a one-day occupation of Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> On August 24, 1814, during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">British</a> forces invaded and occupied the city after defeating an American force <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">at Bladensburg</a>. In retaliation for acts of destruction by American troops in <a href="/wiki/The_Canadas" title="The Canadas">the Canadas</a>, the British set fire to government buildings in the city, gutting the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Treasury_Building_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.)">Treasury Building</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Washington" title="Burning of Washington">burning of Washington</a>. However, a storm forced the British to evacuate the city after just 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> Most government buildings were repaired quickly, but the Capitol, which was largely under construction at the time, would not be completed in its current form until 1868.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retrocession_and_the_Civil_War">Retrocession and the Civil War</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_retrocession" title="District of Columbia retrocession">District of Columbia retrocession</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War">Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LincolnInauguration1861a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/LincolnInauguration1861a.jpg/220px-LincolnInauguration1861a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1175" data-file-height="791"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/LincolnInauguration1861a.jpg/220px-LincolnInauguration1861a.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/LincolnInauguration1861a.jpg/330px-LincolnInauguration1861a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/LincolnInauguration1861a.jpg/440px-LincolnInauguration1861a.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_dome" title="United States Capitol dome">U.S. Capitol dome</a> was under construction during <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln%27s_first_inaugural_address" title="Abraham Lincoln's first inaugural address">Lincoln's first inauguration</a> on March 4, 1861, five weeks before the start of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.</figcaption></figure> In the 1830s, the district's southern territory of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a> declined economically, due in part to its neglect by Congress.<a href="#cite_note-richards-41">[39]</a> Alexandria was a major market in the <a href="/wiki/Slave_trade_in_the_United_States" title="Slave trade in the United States">domestic slave trade</a> and pro-slavery residents feared that <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionists</a> in Congress would end <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Slavery in the District of Columbia">slavery in the district</a>. Alexandria's citizens petitioned Virginia to retake the land it had donated to form the district, a process known as <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_retrocession" title="District of Columbia retrocession">retrocession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia General Assembly</a> voted in February 1846, to accept the return of Alexandria. On July 9, 1846, Congress went further, agreeing to return all territory that Virginia had ceded to the district during its formation. This left the district's area consisting only of the portion originally donated by Maryland.<a href="#cite_note-richards-41">[39]</a> Confirming the fears of pro-slavery Alexandrians, the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a> outlawed the slave trade in the district, although not slavery itself.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> The outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> in 1861 led to the expansion of the federal government and notable growth in the city's population, including a large influx of freed slaves.<a href="#cite_note-Dodd-44">[42]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Compensated_Emancipation_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Compensated Emancipation Act">Compensated Emancipation Act</a> in 1862, which ended slavery in the district, freeing about 3,100 slaves in the district nine months before the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-emancipation-45">[43]</a> In 1868, Congress granted the district's <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a> male residents the right to vote in municipal elections.<a href="#cite_note-Dodd-44">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_and_redevelopment">Growth and redevelopment</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/City_Beautiful_movement" title="City Beautiful movement">City Beautiful movement</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_Headquarters_in_Washington_-_State,_War,_and_Navy_Building,_c._1888_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Army_Headquarters_in_Washington_-_State%2C_War%2C_and_Navy_Building%2C_c._1888_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Army_Headquarters_in_Washington_-_State%2C_War%2C_and_Navy_Building%2C_c._1888_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2524" data-file-height="1504"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 131px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Army_Headquarters_in_Washington_-_State%2C_War%2C_and_Navy_Building%2C_c._1888_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Army_Headquarters_in_Washington_-_State%2C_War%2C_and_Navy_Building%2C_c._1888_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Army_Headquarters_in_Washington_-_State%2C_War%2C_and_Navy_Building%2C_c._1888_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Army_Headquarters_in_Washington_-_State%2C_War%2C_and_Navy_Building%2C_c._1888_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Army_Headquarters_in_Washington_-_State%2C_War%2C_and_Navy_Building%2C_c._1888_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Army_Headquarters_in_Washington_-_State%2C_War%2C_and_Navy_Building%2C_c._1888_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a>, built between 1871 and 1888, was the world's largest office building until 1943, when it was surpassed by <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>.</figcaption></figure> By 1870, the district's population had grown 75% in a decade to nearly 132,000 people,<a href="#cite_note-histpop-46">[44]</a> yet the city still lacked paved roads and basic sanitation. Some members of Congress suggested moving the capital farther west, but President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> refused to consider the proposal.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Organic_Act_of_1871" title="District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871">Organic Act of 1871</a>, Congress repealed the individual charters of the cities of Washington and <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a>, abolished <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_D.C." title="Washington County, D.C.">Washington County</a>, and created a new territorial government for the whole District of Columbia.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> These steps made "the city of Washington...legally indistinguishable from the District of Columbia."<a href="#cite_note-Tikkanen-2023-49">[47]</a> In 1873, President Grant appointed <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Robey_Shepherd" title="Alexander Robey Shepherd">Alexander Robey Shepherd</a> as Governor of the District of Columbia. Shepherd authorized large projects that modernized the city but bankrupted its government. In 1874, Congress replaced the territorial government with an appointed three-member board of commissioners.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> In 1888, the city's <a href="/wiki/Streetcars_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Streetcars in Washington, D.C.">first motorized streetcars</a> began service. Their introduction generated growth in areas of the district beyond the City of Washington's original boundaries, leading to an expansion of the district over the next few decades.<a href="#cite_note-neighborhoods-51">[49]</a> Georgetown's street grid and other administrative details were formally merged with those of the City of Washington in 1895.<a href="#cite_note-Tindall-52">[50]</a> However, the city had poor housing and strained public works, leading it to become the first city in the nation to undergo <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> projects as part of the <a href="/wiki/City_Beautiful_movement" title="City Beautiful movement">City Beautiful movement</a> in the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-ramroth-53">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/City_Beautiful" class="mw-redirect" title="City Beautiful">City Beautiful</a> movement built heavily upon the already-implemented <a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plan" title="L'Enfant Plan">L'Enfant Plan</a>, with the new <a href="/wiki/McMillan_Plan" title="McMillan Plan">McMillan Plan</a> leading urban development in the city throughout the movement. Much of the old <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">Mall</a> was replaced with modern <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts architecture</a>; these designs are still prevalent in the city's governmental buildings today. Increased federal spending under the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> in the 1930s led to the construction of new government buildings, memorials, and museums in the district,<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> though the chairman of the House Subcommittee on District Appropriations, <a href="/wiki/Ross_A._Collins" title="Ross A. Collins">Ross A. Collins</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, justified cuts to funds for welfare and education for local residents by saying that "my constituents wouldn't stand for spending money on niggers."<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> led to an expansion of federal employees in the city;<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> by 1950, the district's population reached its peak of 802,178 residents.<a href="#cite_note-histpop-46">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_rights_and_home_rule_era">Civil rights and home rule era</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1968_Washington,_D.C.,_riots" title="1968 Washington, D.C., riots">1968 Washington, D.C., riots</a> and <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_home_rule" title="District of Columbia home rule">District of Columbia home rule</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IhaveadreamMarines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IhaveadreamMarines.jpg/220px-IhaveadreamMarines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="578"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 254px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IhaveadreamMarines.jpg/220px-IhaveadreamMarines.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="254" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IhaveadreamMarines.jpg/330px-IhaveadreamMarines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/IhaveadreamMarines.jpg/440px-IhaveadreamMarines.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial_Reflecting_Pool" title="Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool">Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool</a> on August 28, 1963</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> was ratified in 1961, granting the district three votes in the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">Electoral College</a> for the election of president and vice president, but still not affording the city's residents representation in Congress.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.</a> on April 4, 1968, <a href="/wiki/1968_Washington,_D.C.,_riots" title="1968 Washington, D.C., riots">riots broke out in the city</a>, primarily in the U Street, 14th Street, 7th Street, and H Street corridors, which were predominantly black residential and commercial areas. The riots raged for three days until more than 13,600 federal troops and <a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Washington, D.C., Army National Guardsmen</a> stopped the violence. Many stores and other buildings were burned, and rebuilding from the riots was not completed until the late 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> In 1973, Congress enacted the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Home_Rule_Act" title="District of Columbia Home Rule Act">District of Columbia Home Rule Act</a> providing for an elected mayor and 13-member council for the district.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> In 1975, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Washington" title="Walter Washington">Walter Washington</a> became the district's first elected and first black mayor.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statehood_movement">Statehood movement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_statehood_movement" title="District of Columbia statehood movement">District of Columbia statehood movement</a></div> Since the 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_statehood_movement" title="District of Columbia statehood movement">D.C. statehood movement</a> has grown in prominence. In 2016, a <a href="/wiki/2016_Washington,_D.C.,_statehood_referendum" title="2016 Washington, D.C., statehood referendum">referendum on D.C. statehood</a> resulted in an 85% support among Washington, D.C., voters for it to become the nation's <a href="/wiki/51st_state" title="51st state">51st state</a>. In March 2017, the city's congressional delegate <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Holmes_Norton" title="Eleanor Holmes Norton">Eleanor Holmes Norton</a> introduced a bill for statehood. Reintroduced in 2019 and 2021 as the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C.,_Admission_Act" title="Washington, D.C., Admission Act">Washington, D.C., Admission Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> passed it in April 2021.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After not progressing in the Senate, the statehood bill was introduced again in January 2023.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> The bill would have made D.C. into a state with one representative and two senators, with the name Washington, Douglas Commonwealth (thus keeping the same abbreviation Washington, D.C.).<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> The legalities, reasons, and impact of statehood have been heavily debated in the 2020s.<a href="#cite_note-sthd101-63">[61]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Geography of Washington, D.C.">Geography of Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DC_Cherry_Blossom_April_2018_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/DC_Cherry_Blossom_April_2018_03.jpg/220px-DC_Cherry_Blossom_April_2018_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5820" data-file-height="3885"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/DC_Cherry_Blossom_April_2018_03.jpg/220px-DC_Cherry_Blossom_April_2018_03.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/DC_Cherry_Blossom_April_2018_03.jpg/330px-DC_Cherry_Blossom_April_2018_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/DC_Cherry_Blossom_April_2018_03.jpg/440px-DC_Cherry_Blossom_April_2018_03.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> viewed from the <a href="/wiki/Tidal_Basin" title="Tidal Basin">Tidal Basin</a> during the <a href="/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival" title="National Cherry Blossom Festival">National Cherry Blossom Festival</a> in April 2018</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington,_D.C._locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Washington%2C_D.C._locator_map.svg/220px-Washington%2C_D.C._locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Washington%2C_D.C._locator_map.svg/220px-Washington%2C_D.C._locator_map.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Washington%2C_D.C._locator_map.svg/330px-Washington%2C_D.C._locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Washington%2C_D.C._locator_map.svg/440px-Washington%2C_D.C._locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>D.C. is on the north side of the Potomac River, and is surrounded on three side by Maryland. Virginia lies across the river to the south-west</figcaption></figure> Washington, D.C., is located in the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic region</a> of the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">U.S. East Coast</a>. The city has a total area of 68.34 square miles (177 km2), of which 61.05 square miles (158.1 km2) is land and 7.29 square miles (18.9 km2) (10.67%) is water.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> The district is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery County, Maryland</a>, to the northwest; <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George's County, Maryland</a>, to the east; <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>, to the west; and <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a>, to the south. The south bank of the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> forms the district's border with Virginia and has two major tributaries, the <a href="/wiki/Anacostia_River" title="Anacostia River">Anacostia River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_(Potomac_River_tributary)" title="Rock Creek (Potomac River tributary)">Rock Creek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiber_Creek" title="Tiber Creek">Tiber Creek</a>, a natural watercourse that once passed through the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a>, was fully enclosed underground during the 1870s.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> The creek also formed a portion of the now-filled <a href="/wiki/Washington_City_Canal" title="Washington City Canal">Washington City Canal</a>, which allowed passage through the city to the Anacostia River from 1815 until the 1850s.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Canal">Chesapeake and Ohio Canal</a> starts in <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a> and was used during the 19th century to bypass the <a href="/wiki/Little_Falls_(Potomac_River)" title="Little Falls (Potomac River)">Little Falls</a> of the Potomac River, located at the northwest edge of the city at the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Seaboard_fall_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Seaboard fall line">Atlantic Seaboard fall line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> The highest natural elevation in the district is 409 feet (125 m) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Reno_Park" title="Fort Reno Park">Fort Reno Park</a> in upper <a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Northwest (Washington, D.C.)">northwest Washington, D.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> The lowest point is sea level at the Potomac River.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> The geographic center of Washington is near the intersection of 4th and L streets NW.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-legend-73">[71]</a> The district has 7,464 acres (30.21 km2) of parkland, about 19% of the city's total area, the second-highest among high-density U.S. cities after <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> The city's sizable parkland was a factor in the city being ranked as third in the nation for park access and quality in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the park systems of the nation's 100 most populous cities, according to <a href="/wiki/Trust_for_Public_Land" title="Trust for Public Land">Trust for Public Land</a>, a non-profit organization.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> manages most of the 9,122 acres (36.92 km2) of city land owned by the U.S. government.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> Rock Creek Park is a 1,754-acre (7.10 km2) urban forest in Northwest Washington, which extends 9.3 miles (15.0 km) through a stream valley that bisects the city. Established in 1890, it is the country's fourth-oldest national park and is home to a variety of plant and animal species, including raccoon, deer, owls, and coyotes.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> Other National Park Service properties include the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal_National_Historical_Park" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park">Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall_and_Memorial_Parks" title="National Mall and Memorial Parks">National Mall and Memorial Parks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Island" title="Theodore Roosevelt Island">Theodore Roosevelt Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Island_(District_of_Columbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Island (District of Columbia)">Columbia Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Dupont_Park" title="Fort Dupont Park">Fort Dupont Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Hill_Park" title="Meridian Hill Park">Meridian Hill Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Park_and_Aquatic_Gardens" title="Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens">Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anacostia_Park" title="Anacostia Park">Anacostia Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> The <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation">District of Columbia Department of Parks and Recreation</a> maintains the city's 900 acres (3.6 km2) of athletic fields and playgrounds, 40 swimming pools, and 68 recreation centers.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> operates the 446-acre (1.80 km2) <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Arboretum" title="United States National Arboretum">United States National Arboretum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Northeast (Washington, D.C.)">Northeast Washington, D.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Climate change in Washington, D.C.">Climate change in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_February_2010_Blizzard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_February_2010_Blizzard.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_February_2010_Blizzard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2006"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_February_2010_Blizzard.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_February_2010_Blizzard.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_February_2010_Blizzard.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_February_2010_Blizzard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_February_2010_Blizzard.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_February_2010_Blizzard.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>US Capitol in the 2010 blizzard</figcaption></figure> Washington's climate is <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Cfa), or <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha</a>: Do bordering Cf downtown).<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> Winters are cool to cold with some snow of varying intensity, while summers are hot and humid. The district is in plant <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">hardiness zone</a> 8a near downtown, and zone 7b elsewhere in the city.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPo_temps-84">[82]</a> Summers are hot and humid with a July daily average of 79.8 °F (26.6 °C) and average daily relative humidity around 66%, which can cause moderate personal discomfort. Heat indices regularly approach 100 °F (38 °C) at the height of summer.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> The combination of heat and humidity in the summer brings very frequent thunderstorms, some of which occasionally produce tornadoes in the area.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Blizzards affect Washington once every four to six years on average. The most violent storms, known as <a href="/wiki/Nor%27easter" title="Nor'easter">nor'easters</a>, often impact large regions of the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dcwinter-87">[85]</a> From <a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_storm" title="Knickerbocker storm">January 27 to 28, 1922</a>, the city officially received 28 inches (71 cm) of snowfall, the largest snowstorm since official measurements began in 1885.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> According to notes kept at the time, the city received between 30 and 36 inches (76 and 91 cm) from a snowstorm in January 1772.<a href="#cite_note-DOC-89">[87]</a> Hurricanes or their remnants occasionally impact the area in late summer and early fall. However, they usually are weak by the time they reach Washington, partly due to the city's inland location.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> Flooding of the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>, however, caused by a combination of high tide, storm surge, and runoff, has been known to cause extensive property damage in the <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a> neighborhood of the city.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> Precipitation occurs throughout the year.<a href="#cite_note-WMO_1961%E2%80%9390_KDCA-92">[90]</a> The highest recorded temperature was 106 °F (41 °C) on August 6, 1918, and on July 20, 1930.<a href="#cite_note-Samenow-93">[91]</a> The lowest recorded temperature was −15 °F (−26 °C) on <a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1899#Arctic_cold" title="Great Blizzard of 1899">February 11, 1899</a>, right before the <a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1899" title="Great Blizzard of 1899">Great Blizzard of 1899</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dcwinter-87">[85]</a> During a typical year, the city averages about 37 days at or above 90 °F (32 °C) and 64 nights at or below the freezing mark (32 °F or 0 °C).<a href="#cite_note-NWS_Baltimore/Washington_(LWX)-94">[92]</a> On average, the first day with a minimum at or below freezing is November 18 and the last day is March 27.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Washington,_D.C._weatherbox" title="Template:Washington, D.C. weatherbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Washington,_D.C._weatherbox" title="Template talk:Washington, D.C. weatherbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Washington,_D.C._weatherbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Washington, D.C. weatherbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">Climate data for <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washington, D.C.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport" title="Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport">Reagan National Airport</a>), 1991−2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-97">[c]</a> extremes 1872−present<a href="#cite_note-99">[d]</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80 (27) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84 (29) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93 (34) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95 (35) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104 (40) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">106 (41) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">106 (41) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104 (40) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86 (30) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79 (26) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">106 (41) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.7 (19.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.1 (20.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.3 (25.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.4 (30.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.0 (32.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.7 (35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.1 (36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.5 (35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.9 (33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.5 (29.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.8 (23.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.1 (19.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">99.1 (37.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.8 (7.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3 (9.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.5 (13.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.0 (20.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5 (24.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.1 (29.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.6 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.8 (31.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.7 (27.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.4 (20.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.2 (14.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.8 (9.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">67.8 (19.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5 (3.1) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.0 (4.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.6 (8.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.2 (14.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2 (19.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.3 (24.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.0 (27.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.4 (26.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.4 (22.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.8 (16.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.9 (9.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.7 (5.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59.3 (15.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1 (−1.1) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8 (−0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.6 (3.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.4 (9.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.0 (14.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.5 (19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.4 (22.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.0 (21.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.1 (17.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.2 (11.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.6 (5.3) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (1.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">50.9 (10.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 (−9.8) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (−8.4) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (−4.8) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9 (1.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.5 (7.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.7 (13.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.8 (17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.1 (16.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.3 (10.7) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.7 (3.7) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8 (−1.8) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3 (−5.9) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 (−10.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−14 (−26) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−15 (−26) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 (−16) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15 (−9) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 (1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 (6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 (11) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 (9) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (2) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 (−3) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 (−12) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−13 (−25) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−15 (−26) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.86 (73) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.62 (67) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.50 (89) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.21 (82) </td> <td style="background: #69FF69; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.94 (100) </td> <td style="background: #5AFF5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.20 (107) </td> <td style="background: #5BFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.33 (110) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.25 (83) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.93 (100) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.66 (93) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.91 (74) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.41 (87) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.82 (1,062) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.9 (12) </td> <td style="background: #2A2AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">5.0 (13) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 (5.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.7 (35) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">117.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) </th> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.1 </td> <td style="background: #1717FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.5 </td> <td style="background: #1E1EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.6 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58.0 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.5 </td> <td style="background: #0303FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.4 </td> <td style="background: #0707FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.7 </td> <td style="background: #0909FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.1 </td> <td style="background: #0909FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (−5.7) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5 (−4.7) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3 (−0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.7 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.3 (11.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.5 (16.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.0 (18.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.8 (18.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.5 (15.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.5 (8.6) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0 (2.8) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (−2.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.4 (6.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C1C11C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">144.6 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.8 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.0 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.2 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">260.5 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">283.2 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">280.5 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">263.1 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">225.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.6 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.2 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133.0 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,527.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">57 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961−1990)<a href="#cite_note-NWS_Baltimore/Washington_(LWX)-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Washington,_D.C._Weatherbox_NOAA_txt-100">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-WMO_1961%E2%80%9390_KDCA-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Apr_trace_snow-101">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV)<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Streets_and_highways_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Streets and highways of Washington, D.C.">Streets and highways of Washington, D.C.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.">Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of tallest buildings in Washington, D.C.">List of tallest buildings in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_of_the_city_intended_for_the_permanent_seat_of_the_government_of_the_United_States_-_projected_agreeable_to_the_direction_of_the_President_of_the_United_States..._(14726320702).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Plan_of_the_city_intended_for_the_permanent_seat_of_the_government_of_the_United_States_-_projected_agreeable_to_the_direction_of_the_President_of_the_United_States..._%2814726320702%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1354"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Plan_of_the_city_intended_for_the_permanent_seat_of_the_government_of_the_United_States_-_projected_agreeable_to_the_direction_of_the_President_of_the_United_States..._%2814726320702%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Plan_of_the_city_intended_for_the_permanent_seat_of_the_government_of_the_United_States_-_projected_agreeable_to_the_direction_of_the_President_of_the_United_States..._%2814726320702%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Plan_of_the_city_intended_for_the_permanent_seat_of_the_government_of_the_United_States_-_projected_agreeable_to_the_direction_of_the_President_of_the_United_States..._%2814726320702%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plan" title="L'Enfant Plan">L'Enfant Plan</a> for the city, developed in 1791</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA-Georgetown_C%26O_Canal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/USA-Georgetown_C%26O_Canal.jpg/220px-USA-Georgetown_C%26O_Canal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5141" data-file-height="3420"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/USA-Georgetown_C%26O_Canal.jpg/220px-USA-Georgetown_C%26O_Canal.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/USA-Georgetown_C%26O_Canal.jpg/330px-USA-Georgetown_C%26O_Canal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/USA-Georgetown_C%26O_Canal.jpg/440px-USA-Georgetown_C%26O_Canal.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was extended to Georgetown in 1830.</figcaption></figure> Washington, D.C., was a <a href="/wiki/Planned_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Planned city">planned city</a>, and many of the city's <a href="/wiki/Street_grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Street grid">street grids</a> were developed in that initial plan. In 1791, President <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> commissioned <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Charles_L%27Enfant" title="Pierre Charles L'Enfant">Pierre Charles L'Enfant</a>, a French-born military engineer and artist, to design the new capital. He enlisted the help of Isaac Roberdeau, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Sulpice_Hallet" title="Étienne Sulpice Hallet">Étienne Sulpice Hallet</a> and Scottish surveyor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ralston" title="Alexander Ralston">Alexander Ralston</a> to help lay out the city plan.<a href="#cite_note-c109-103">[99]</a> The <a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plan" title="L'Enfant Plan">L'Enfant Plan</a> featured broad streets and avenues radiating out from rectangles, providing room for open space and landscaping.<a href="#cite_note-lenfant-104">[100]</a> L'Enfant was also provided a roll of maps by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> depicting Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Strasbourg, Paris, Orleans, Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille, Turin, and Milan.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> L'Enfant's design also envisioned a garden-lined grand avenue about 1 mile (1.6 km) long and 400 feet (120 m) wide in an area that is now the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> inspired by the grounds at <a href="/wiki/Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles">Versailles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuileries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuileries">Tuileries</a> Gardens.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> In March 1792, President Washington dismissed L'Enfant due to conflicts with the three commissioners appointed to supervise the capital's construction. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ellicott" title="Andrew Ellicott">Andrew Ellicott</a>, who worked with L'Enfant in surveying the city, was then tasked with completing its design. Though Ellicott revised the original L'Enfant plans, including changing some street patterns, L'Enfant is still credited with the city's overall design.<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> By the early 20th century, however, L'Enfant's vision of a grand national capital was marred by slums and randomly placed buildings in the city, including a railroad station on the National Mall. Congress formed a special committee charged with beautifying Washington's ceremonial core.<a href="#cite_note-ramroth-53">[51]</a> What became known as the <a href="/wiki/McMillan_Plan" title="McMillan Plan">McMillan Plan</a> was finalized in 1901 and included relandscaping the Capitol grounds and the National Mall, clearing slums, and establishing a new citywide park system. The plan is thought to have largely preserved L'Enfant's intended design for the city.<a href="#cite_note-lenfant-104">[100]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018.06.07_Capital_Pride_Heroes_Gala,_Washington,_DC_USA_02927_(41954942214).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/2018.06.07_Capital_Pride_Heroes_Gala%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_02927_%2841954942214%29.jpg/260px-2018.06.07_Capital_Pride_Heroes_Gala%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_02927_%2841954942214%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3898" data-file-height="1513"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 101px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/2018.06.07_Capital_Pride_Heroes_Gala%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_02927_%2841954942214%29.jpg/260px-2018.06.07_Capital_Pride_Heroes_Gala%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_02927_%2841954942214%29.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="101" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/2018.06.07_Capital_Pride_Heroes_Gala%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_02927_%2841954942214%29.jpg/390px-2018.06.07_Capital_Pride_Heroes_Gala%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_02927_%2841954942214%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/2018.06.07_Capital_Pride_Heroes_Gala%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_02927_%2841954942214%29.jpg/520px-2018.06.07_Capital_Pride_Heroes_Gala%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_02927_%2841954942214%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>An aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Washington">Northwest Washington</a>, D.C. in 2018</figcaption></figure> By law, the city's skyline is low and sprawling. The federal <a href="/wiki/Height_of_Buildings_Act_of_1910" title="Height of Buildings Act of 1910">Height of Buildings Act of 1910</a> prohibits buildings with height exceeding the width of the adjacent street plus 20 feet (6.1 m).<a href="#cite_note-Schwartzman-108">[104]</a> Despite popular belief, no law has ever limited buildings to the height of the United States Capitol or the 555-foot (169 m) <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a>,<a href="#cite_note-legend-73">[71]</a> which remains the district's tallest structure. City leaders have cited the height restriction as a primary reason that the district has limited affordable housing and its metro area has suburban sprawl and traffic problems.<a href="#cite_note-Schwartzman-108">[104]</a> Washington, D.C., still has a relatively high homelessness rate, despite its high living standard compared to many American cities.<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> Washington, D.C., is divided into <a href="/wiki/Quadrants_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Quadrants of Washington, D.C.">four quadrants</a> of unequal area: <a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Northwest (Washington, D.C.)">Northwest (NW)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Northeast (Washington, D.C.)">Northeast (NE)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Southeast (Washington, D.C.)">Southeast (SE)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southwest,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest, Washington, D.C.">Southwest (SW)</a>. The axes bounding the quadrants radiate from the U.S. Capitol.<a href="#cite_note-dcstreets-110">[106]</a> All road names include the quadrant abbreviation to indicate their location. House numbers generally correspond with the number of blocks away from the Capitol. Most streets are set out in a grid pattern with east–west streets named with letters (e.g., C Street SW), north–south streets with numbers (e.g., 4th Street NW), and diagonal avenues, many of which are <a href="/wiki/List_of_state-named_roadways_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of state-named roadways in Washington, D.C.">named after states</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dcstreets-110">[106]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Selection of <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.">neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:DC_Capitol_Historic_District.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capitol Hill"><noscript><img alt="Capitol Hill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/DC_Capitol_Historic_District.jpg/293px-DC_Capitol_Historic_District.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 196px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/DC_Capitol_Historic_District.jpg/293px-DC_Capitol_Historic_District.jpg" data-alt="Capitol Hill" data-width="196" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/DC_Capitol_Historic_District.jpg/440px-DC_Capitol_Historic_District.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/DC_Capitol_Historic_District.jpg/585px-DC_Capitol_Historic_District.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloomingdale_row_houses_DC_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bloomingdale"><noscript><img alt="Bloomingdale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bloomingdale_row_houses_DC_05.jpg/260px-Bloomingdale_row_houses_DC_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 174px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bloomingdale_row_houses_DC_05.jpg/260px-Bloomingdale_row_houses_DC_05.jpg" data-alt="Bloomingdale" data-width="174" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bloomingdale_row_houses_DC_05.jpg/391px-Bloomingdale_row_houses_DC_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Bloomingdale_row_houses_DC_05.jpg/520px-Bloomingdale_row_houses_DC_05.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bloomingdale_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Bloomingdale (Washington, D.C.)">Bloomingdale</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 233.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 231.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_DC_Chinatown_-_a_-_Oct_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chinatown"><noscript><img alt="Chinatown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Washington_DC_Chinatown_-_a_-_Oct_2016.jpg/347px-Washington_DC_Chinatown_-_a_-_Oct_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 232px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Washington_DC_Chinatown_-_a_-_Oct_2016.jpg/347px-Washington_DC_Chinatown_-_a_-_Oct_2016.jpg" data-alt="Chinatown" data-width="232" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Washington_DC_Chinatown_-_a_-_Oct_2016.jpg/521px-Washington_DC_Chinatown_-_a_-_Oct_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Washington_DC_Chinatown_-_a_-_Oct_2016.jpg/694px-Washington_DC_Chinatown_-_a_-_Oct_2016.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chinatown_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinatown (Washington, D.C.)">Chinatown</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbia_Heights_market_plaza_(5081654910)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Columbia Heights"><noscript><img alt="Columbia Heights" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Columbia_Heights_market_plaza_%285081654910%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/247px-Columbia_Heights_market_plaza_%285081654910%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1596"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 165px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Columbia_Heights_market_plaza_%285081654910%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/247px-Columbia_Heights_market_plaza_%285081654910%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Columbia Heights" data-width="165" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Columbia_Heights_market_plaza_%285081654910%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/372px-Columbia_Heights_market_plaza_%285081654910%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Columbia_Heights_market_plaza_%285081654910%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/495px-Columbia_Heights_market_plaza_%285081654910%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Heights_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Columbia Heights (Washington, D.C.)">Columbia Heights</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dupont_Circle_Shops.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dupont Circle"><noscript><img alt="Dupont Circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Dupont_Circle_Shops.jpg/260px-Dupont_Circle_Shops.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 174px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Dupont_Circle_Shops.jpg/260px-Dupont_Circle_Shops.jpg" data-alt="Dupont Circle" data-width="174" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Dupont_Circle_Shops.jpg/391px-Dupont_Circle_Shops.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Dupont_Circle_Shops.jpg/520px-Dupont_Circle_Shops.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dupont_Circle" title="Dupont Circle">Dupont Circle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:MG_4844_(8326652403).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edgewood"><noscript><img alt="Edgewood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/MG_4844_%288326652403%29.jpg/328px-MG_4844_%288326652403%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="219" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3034" data-file-height="1807"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 219px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/MG_4844_%288326652403%29.jpg/328px-MG_4844_%288326652403%29.jpg" data-alt="Edgewood" data-width="219" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/MG_4844_%288326652403%29.jpg/492px-MG_4844_%288326652403%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/MG_4844_%288326652403%29.jpg/655px-MG_4844_%288326652403%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Edgewood_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Edgewood (Washington, D.C.)">Edgewood</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178px;"><a href="/wiki/File:4-9_Logan_Circle_NW_Washington,_D.C_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logan Circle"><noscript><img alt="Logan Circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/4-9_Logan_Circle_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_%28cropped%29.jpg/267px-4-9_Logan_Circle_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="1397"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 178px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/4-9_Logan_Circle_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_%28cropped%29.jpg/267px-4-9_Logan_Circle_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Logan Circle" data-width="178" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/4-9_Logan_Circle_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_%28cropped%29.jpg/402px-4-9_Logan_Circle_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/4-9_Logan_Circle_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_%28cropped%29.jpg/535px-4-9_Logan_Circle_NW_Washington%2C_D.C_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Logan_Circle_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Logan Circle (Washington, D.C.)">Logan Circle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188px;"><a href="/wiki/File:4th_and_Tingey_Streets_SE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Navy Yard"><noscript><img alt="Navy Yard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/4th_and_Tingey_Streets_SE.jpg/282px-4th_and_Tingey_Streets_SE.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3635" data-file-height="2519"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 188px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/4th_and_Tingey_Streets_SE.jpg/282px-4th_and_Tingey_Streets_SE.jpg" data-alt="Navy Yard" data-width="188" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/4th_and_Tingey_Streets_SE.jpg/423px-4th_and_Tingey_Streets_SE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/4th_and_Tingey_Streets_SE.jpg/563px-4th_and_Tingey_Streets_SE.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Navy_Yard_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.)">Navy Yard</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 230px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 228px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosie%27s_Row.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anacostia"><noscript><img alt="Anacostia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rosie%27s_Row.jpg/342px-Rosie%27s_Row.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2838" data-file-height="1618"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 228px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rosie%27s_Row.jpg/342px-Rosie%27s_Row.jpg" data-alt="Anacostia" data-width="228" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rosie%27s_Row.jpg/514px-Rosie%27s_Row.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rosie%27s_Row.jpg/684px-Rosie%27s_Row.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Anacostia" title="Anacostia">Anacostia</a></div> </li> </ul> The City of Washington was bordered on the north by Boundary Street (renamed <a href="/wiki/Florida_Avenue" title="Florida Avenue">Florida Avenue</a> in 1890); <a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_(Potomac_River_tributary)" title="Rock Creek (Potomac River tributary)">Rock Creek</a> to the west, and the <a href="/wiki/Anacostia_River" title="Anacostia River">Anacostia River</a> to the east.<a href="#cite_note-neighborhoods-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-lenfant-104">[100]</a> Washington, D.C.'s street grid was extended, where possible, throughout the district starting in 1888.<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_street_renaming" title="Georgetown street renaming">Georgetown's streets</a> were renamed in 1895.<a href="#cite_note-Tindall-52">[50]</a> Some streets are particularly noteworthy, including <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Pennsylvania Avenue</a>, which connects the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> to the Capitol; and K Street, which houses the offices of many lobbying groups.<a href="#cite_note-kstreet-112">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Avenue" title="Constitution Avenue">Constitution Avenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independence_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Independence Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Independence Avenue</a>, located on the north and south sides of the National Mall, respectively, are home to many of Washington's iconic museums, including many <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> buildings and the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives Building</a>. Washington hosts 177 <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of diplomatic missions in Washington, D.C.">foreign embassies</a>; these maintain nearly 300 buildings and more than 1,600 residential properties, many of which are on a section of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Massachusetts Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Massachusetts Avenue</a> informally known as <a href="/wiki/Embassy_Row" title="Embassy Row">Embassy Row</a>.<a href="#cite_note-embassies-113">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Architecture of Washington, D.C.">Architecture of Washington, D.C.</a></div> The architecture of Washington, D.C., varies greatly and is generally popular among tourists and locals. In 2007, six of the top ten buildings in the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Architects" title="American Institute of Architects">American Institute of Architects</a>' ranking of <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Favorite_Architecture" title="America's Favorite Architecture">America's Favorite Architecture</a> were in the city:<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington National Cathedral</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial">Vietnam Veterans Memorial</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern</a> styles are reflected among these six structures and many other prominent edifices in the city.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg/220px-Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg/220px-Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg/330px-Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg/440px-Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a> and many of D.C.'s other monuments are built in the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> style.</figcaption></figure> Many of the government buildings, monuments, and museums along the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> and surrounding areas are heavily inspired by <a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">classical</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture" title="Ancient Roman architecture">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Greek</a> architecture. The designs of the White House, the U.S. Capitol, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">Supreme Court Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, Lincoln Memorial, and Jefferson Memorial are all heavily drawn from these classical architectural movements and feature large pediments, domes, columns in classical order, and heavy stone walls. Notable exceptions to the city's classical-style architecture include buildings constructed in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Empire (architecture)">French Second Empire</a> style, including the <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a>, and the modernist <a href="/wiki/Watergate_complex" title="Watergate complex">Watergate complex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nps-115">[111]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Building" title="Thomas Jefferson Building">Thomas Jefferson Building</a>, the main <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> building, and the historic <a href="/wiki/Willard_InterContinental_Washington" title="Willard InterContinental Washington">Willard Hotel</a> are built in <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts style</a>, popular throughout the world in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Denby-117">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Hill/Malcolm_X_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Meridian Hill/Malcolm X Park">Meridian Hill Park</a> contains a <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Waterfall" title="Cascading Waterfall">cascading waterfall</a> with <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a>-style architecture.<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CityCenterDC_courtyard_in_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CityCenterDC_courtyard_in_2019.jpg/220px-CityCenterDC_courtyard_in_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CityCenterDC_courtyard_in_2019.jpg/220px-CityCenterDC_courtyard_in_2019.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CityCenterDC_courtyard_in_2019.jpg/330px-CityCenterDC_courtyard_in_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CityCenterDC_courtyard_in_2019.jpg/440px-CityCenterDC_courtyard_in_2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">Contemporary architecture</a> at <a href="/wiki/CityCenterDC" title="CityCenterDC">CityCenterDC</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Downtown (Washington, D.C.)">Downtown</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">contemporary</a>, and other non-classical architectural styles are also seen in the city. The <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture" title="National Museum of African American History and Culture">National Museum of African American History and Culture</a> deeply contrasts the stone-based neoclassical buildings on the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> with a design that combines modern engineering with heavy inspiration from <a href="/wiki/African_art" title="African art">African art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-taylorthorny-119">[115]</a> The interior of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a> stations and the <a href="/wiki/Hirshhorn_Museum_and_Sculpture_Garden" title="Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden">Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden</a> are designed with strong influence from the 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Brutalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brutalism">Brutalism</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Building" title="Smithsonian Institution Building">Smithsonian Institution Building</a> is built of <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Quarry" title="Seneca Quarry">Seneca red</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman Revival</a> style.<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Old_Post_Office_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)">Old Post Office</a> building, located on <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a> and completed in 1899, was the first building in the city to have a <a href="/wiki/Steel_frame" title="Steel frame">steel frame</a> structure and the first to use electrical wiring in its design.<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> Notable <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">contemporary</a> residential buildings, restaurants, shops, and office buildings in the city include <a href="/wiki/The_Wharf_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="The Wharf (Washington, D.C.)">the Wharf</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Waterfront" title="Southwest Waterfront">Southwest Waterfront</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navy_Yard_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.)">Navy Yard</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Anacostia_River" title="Anacostia River">Anacostia River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CityCenterDC" title="CityCenterDC">CityCenterDC</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Downtown (Washington, D.C.)">Downtown</a>. The Wharf has seen the construction of several high-rise office and residential buildings overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>. Additionally, restaurants, bars, and shops have been opened at street level. Many of these buildings have a modern glass exterior and heavy curvature.<a href="#cite_note-wapo1-123">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-wtop1-124">[120]</a> CityCenterDC is home to Palmer Alley, a pedestrian-only walkway, and houses several apartment buildings, restaurants, and luxury-brand storefronts with streamlined glass and metal facades.<a href="#cite_note-DietschMarch-125">[121]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dupont_Circle_Historic_District-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dupont_Circle_Historic_District-2.jpg/220px-Dupont_Circle_Historic_District-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4880" data-file-height="3254"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dupont_Circle_Historic_District-2.jpg/220px-Dupont_Circle_Historic_District-2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dupont_Circle_Historic_District-2.jpg/330px-Dupont_Circle_Historic_District-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dupont_Circle_Historic_District-2.jpg/440px-Dupont_Circle_Historic_District-2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> houses in <a href="/wiki/Dupont_Circle" title="Dupont Circle">Dupont Circle</a></figcaption></figure> Outside Downtown D.C., architectural styles are more varied. Historic buildings are designed primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Queen Anne style architecture in the United States">Queen Anne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauesque" title="Châteauesque">Châteauesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richardsonian_Romanesque" title="Richardsonian Romanesque">Richardsonian Romanesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian Revival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a>, and a variety of <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> styles.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Rowhouses are prominent in areas developed after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> and typically follow <a href="/wiki/Federal_architecture" title="Federal architecture">Federal</a> and late <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> designs.<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_House_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Old Stone House (Washington, D.C.)">Old Stone House</a>, built in 1765, is the oldest-standing building in the city.<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> Founded in 1789, <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> features a mix of Romanesque and <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nps-115">[111]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Reagan Building">Ronald Reagan Building</a> is the largest building in the district with a total area of about 3.1 million square feet (288,000 m2).<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Washington Union Station</a> is designed in a combination of architectural styles. Its Great Hall has elaborate gold leaf designs along the ceilings and the hall includes several decorative classical-style statues.<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Demographics of Washington, D.C.">Demographics of Washington, D.C.</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td>8,144</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td>15,471</td><td></td><td>90.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>23,336</td><td></td><td>50.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>30,261</td><td></td><td>29.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>33,745</td><td></td><td>11.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>51,687</td><td></td><td>53.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>75,080</td><td></td><td>45.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>131,700</td><td></td><td>75.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>177,624</td><td></td><td>34.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>230,392</td><td></td><td>29.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>278,718</td><td></td><td>21.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>331,069</td><td></td><td>18.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>437,571</td><td></td><td>32.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>486,869</td><td></td><td>11.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>663,091</td><td></td><td>36.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>802,178</td><td></td><td>21.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>763,956</td><td></td><td>−4.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>756,510</td><td></td><td>−1.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>638,333</td><td></td><td>−15.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>606,900</td><td></td><td>−4.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>572,059</td><td></td><td>−5.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>601,723</td><td></td><td>5.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>689,545</td><td></td><td>14.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">Source:<a href="#cite_note-Census2020-130">[126]</a> <a href="#cite_note-131">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-histpop-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Census2010-132">[127]</a> Note:<a href="#cite_note-134">[f]</a> 2010–2020<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-3">[3]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Demographic profile </th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-135">[129]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a></th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-census1-137">[131]</a></th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-census1-137">[131]</a></th> <th>1940<a href="#cite_note-census1-137">[131]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a> </td> <td>39.6%</td> <td>38.5%</td> <td>29.6%</td> <td>27.7%</td> <td>71.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td> —<a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a> </td> <td>38.0%</td> <td>34.8%</td> <td>27.4%</td> <td>26.5%<a href="#cite_note-fifteen-138">[g]</a></td> <td>71.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black or African American</a> </td> <td>41.4%</td> <td>50.7%</td> <td>65.8%</td> <td>71.1%</td> <td>28.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (of any race) </td> <td>11.3%</td> <td>9.1%</td> <td>5.4%</td> <td>2.1%<a href="#cite_note-fifteen-138">[g]</a></td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> </td> <td>4.8%</td> <td>3.5%</td> <td>1.8%</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.2% </td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> estimates that the district's population was 705,749 as of July 2019, up more than 100,000 people since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States Census</a>. When measured decade-over-decade, this shows growth since 2000, following a half-century of population decline.<a href="#cite_note-139">[132]</a> Washington was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">24th-most populous place</a> in the United States as of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,_D.C.&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[133]</a> According to data from 2010, commuters from the suburbs boost the district's daytime population past one million.<a href="#cite_note-141">[134]</a> If the district were a state, it would rank <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">49th in population</a>, ahead of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts-142">[135]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Washington,_DC_(5559893527).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Washington%2C_DC_%285559893527%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Washington%2C_DC_%285559893527%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Washington%2C_DC_%285559893527%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Washington%2C_DC_%285559893527%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Washington%2C_DC_%285559893527%29.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Washington%2C_DC_%285559893527%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Washington%2C_DC_%285559893527%29.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_Washington%2C_DC_%285559893527%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of racial distribution in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 U.S. census</a>; each dot represents 25 people: White, Black, Asian, Hispanic or Other (yellow)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a>, which includes the district and surrounding suburbs, is the <a href="/wiki/Table_of_United_States_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas">sixth-largest</a> metropolitan area in the U.S., with an estimated six million residents as of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-143">[136]</a> When the Washington area is included with <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> and its suburbs, it forms the vast <a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Baltimore_combined_statistical_area" title="Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area">Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area</a>. With a population exceeding 9.8 million residents in 2020, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_combined_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States combined statistical areas">third-largest</a> combined statistical area in the country.<a href="#cite_note-144">[137]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 4,410 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-145">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[139]</a> According to 2020 Census Bureau data, the population of Washington, D.C., was 41.4% Black or African American, 39.6% White (37.9% non-Hispanic White), 4.9% <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a>, 0.5% American Indian or Alaska Native, 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and 5.4% Some Other Race. Individuals from two or more races made up 8.1% of the population. Hispanics of any race made up 11.3% of the district's population.<a href="#cite_note-Census2020-130">[126]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leffler_-_1968_Washington,_D.C._Martin_Luther_King,_Jr._riots.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Leffler_-_1968_Washington%2C_D.C._Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr._riots.jpg/220px-Leffler_-_1968_Washington%2C_D.C._Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr._riots.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4946" data-file-height="3227"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Leffler_-_1968_Washington%2C_D.C._Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr._riots.jpg/220px-Leffler_-_1968_Washington%2C_D.C._Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr._riots.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Leffler_-_1968_Washington%2C_D.C._Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr._riots.jpg/330px-Leffler_-_1968_Washington%2C_D.C._Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr._riots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Leffler_-_1968_Washington%2C_D.C._Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr._riots.jpg/440px-Leffler_-_1968_Washington%2C_D.C._Martin_Luther_King%2C_Jr._riots.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The city's African American population has declined since the <a href="/wiki/1968_Washington,_D.C.,_riots" title="1968 Washington, D.C., riots">1968 riots</a>.</figcaption></figure> Washington, D.C. has had a relatively large <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_African-American_populations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. cities with large African-American populations">African American population</a> since the city's foundation.<a href="#cite_note-147">[140]</a> African American residents composed about 30% of the district's total population between 1800 and 1940.<a href="#cite_note-histpop-46">[44]</a> The black population reached a peak of 70% by 1970 and has since declined as African Americans moved to the surrounding suburbs. Partly as a result of <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a>, there was a 31.4% increase in the non-Hispanic white population and an 11.5% decrease in the black population between 2000 and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-demshift-148">[141]</a> According to a study by the National Community Reinvestment Coalition, D.C. has experienced more "intense" gentrification than any other American city, with 40% of neighborhoods gentrified.<a href="#cite_note-149">[142]</a> About 17% of Washington, D.C. residents were age 18 or younger as of 2010, lower than the U.S. average of 24%. However, at 34 years old, the district had the lowest median age compared to the 50 states as of 2010.<a href="#cite_note-150">[143]</a> As of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,_D.C.&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were an estimated 81,734 <a href="/wiki/Immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigrants">immigrants</a> living in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-DCsocial-151">[144]</a> Major sources of immigration include <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, with a concentration of Salvadorans in the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Pleasant, Washington, D.C.">Mount Pleasant</a> neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-152">[145]</a> As of 2010, there were 4,822 same-sex couples in the city, about 2% of total households, according to <a href="/wiki/Williams_Institute" title="Williams Institute">Williams Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[146]</a> Legislation <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Same-sex marriage in the District of Columbia">authorizing same-sex marriage</a> passed in 2009, and the district began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples in March 2010.<a href="#cite_note-154">[147]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Notable religious buildings in Washington, D.C.</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:166px;max-width:166px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:173px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Washington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg/164px-Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="2584"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 164px;height: 174px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg/164px-Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="164" data-height="174" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg/246px-Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg/328px-Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception%2C_Washington.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:173px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_Center,_Washington,_D.C_LCCN2011630761.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Islamic_Center%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011630761.jpg/220px-Islamic_Center%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011630761.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6184" data-file-height="4885"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 174px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Islamic_Center%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011630761.jpg/220px-Islamic_Center%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011630761.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="174" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Islamic_Center%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011630761.jpg/330px-Islamic_Center%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011630761.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Islamic_Center%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011630761.jpg/440px-Islamic_Center%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011630761.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:164px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:6th%26ISynagogue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/6th%26ISynagogue.jpg/215px-6th%26ISynagogue.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="573"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 215px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/6th%26ISynagogue.jpg/215px-6th%26ISynagogue.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="215" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/6th%26ISynagogue.jpg/323px-6th%26ISynagogue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/6th%26ISynagogue.jpg/430px-6th%26ISynagogue.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:164px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_Lafayette_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_Lafayette_Square.jpg/169px-St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_Lafayette_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="1746"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 169px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_Lafayette_Square.jpg/169px-St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_Lafayette_Square.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="169" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_Lafayette_Square.jpg/254px-St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_Lafayette_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_Lafayette_Square.jpg/338px-St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_Lafayette_Square.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Left to right from the top: The <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception">Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Center_of_Washington" title="Islamic Center of Washington">Islamic Center of Washington</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_%26_I_Historic_Synagogue" title="Sixth & I Historic Synagogue">Sixth & I Historic Synagogue</a>; <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square" title="St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square">St. John's Episcopal Church</a></div></div></div></div> As of 2007, about one-third of Washington, D.C., residents were <a href="/wiki/Functionally_illiterate" class="mw-redirect" title="Functionally illiterate">functionally illiterate</a>, more than the national rate of about one in five. The city's relatively high illiteracy rate is attributed in part to immigrants who are not proficient in English.<a href="#cite_note-155">[148]</a> As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,_D.C.&action=edit">[update]</a>, 85% of D.C. residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language.<a href="#cite_note-156">[149]</a> Half of residents had at least a four-year college degree in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-DCsocial-151">[144]</a> In 2017, the median household income in D.C. was $77,649;<a href="#cite_note-DC_AF-157">[150]</a> also in 2017, D.C. residents had a <a href="/wiki/States_of_the_United_States_of_America_by_income" class="mw-redirect" title="States of the United States of America by income">personal income per capita</a> of $50,832 (higher than any of the 50 states).<a href="#cite_note-DC_AF-157">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[151]</a> However, 19% of residents were below the poverty level in 2005, higher than any state except <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>. In 2019, the poverty rate stood at 14.7%.<a href="#cite_note-159">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[h]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[154]</a> As of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,_D.C.&action=edit">[update]</a>, more than 90% of Washington, D.C., residents had health insurance coverage, the second-highest rate in the nation. This is due in part to city programs that help provide insurance to low-income individuals who do not qualify for other types of coverage.<a href="#cite_note-163">[155]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] A 2009 report found that at least three percent of Washington, D.C., residents have <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> or <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">AIDS</a>, which the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) characterizes as a "generalized and severe" epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-164">[156]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Statisticians_of_American_Religious_Bodies" title="Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies">Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies</a>, as of 2020, 56% of D.C. residents were adherents<a href="#cite_note-166">[i]</a> of a religious body. The largest tradition represented was <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Protestantism">Evangelical Protestantism</a> (15% of total population), followed by <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> (12%), <a href="/wiki/Black_Protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Protestantism">Black Protestantism</a> (10%), <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainline Protestantism">Mainline Protestantism</a> (10%), <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (3%), <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox Christianity</a> (2%), <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (1%), and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (1%), with several other groups numbering less than 1%. Mainline Protestants were the largest group in 2010, Catholics in 2000, and Black Protestants in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-ARDA-165">[157]</a> The city is populated with many religious buildings, including the <a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington National Cathedral</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception">Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception</a>, which comprises the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_church_buildings" title="List of largest church buildings">largest Catholic church building in the United States</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Center_of_Washington" title="Islamic Center of Washington">Islamic Center of Washington</a>, which was the largest <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> in the Western Hemisphere when opened in 1957. <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square" title="St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square">St. John's Episcopal Church</a>, located off <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lafayette Square (Washington, D.C.)">Lafayette Square</a>, has held services for every <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a> since <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sixth_%26_I_Historic_Synagogue" title="Sixth & I Historic Synagogue">Sixth & I Historic Synagogue</a>, built in 1908, is a <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Washington,_D.C." title="Chinatown, Washington, D.C.">Chinatown</a> section of the city. The <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C._Temple" title="Washington D.C. Temple">Washington D.C. Temple</a> is a large <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Mormon</a> <a href="/wiki/Temple_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Temple (Latter Day Saints)">temple</a> located just outside the city in <a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Maryland" title="Kensington, Maryland">Kensington, Maryland</a>. Viewable from the <a href="/wiki/Capital_Beltway" title="Capital Beltway">Capital Beltway</a>, the temple is the tallest Mormon temple in existence and the third-largest by square footage.<a href="#cite_note-167">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[159]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Economy of the Washington metropolitan area">Economy of the Washington metropolitan area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ec_05_(26114196145)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ec_05_%2826114196145%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ec_05_%2826114196145%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ec_05_%2826114196145%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ec_05_%2826114196145%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ec_05_%2826114196145%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ec_05_%2826114196145%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ec_05_%2826114196145%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Ec_05_%2826114196145%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a> of the United States</figcaption></figure> As of 2023,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,_D.C.&action=edit">[update]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a>, including the District of Columbia as well as parts of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, was one of the nation's largest metropolitan economies. Its growing and diversified economy has an increasing percentage of professional and business service jobs in addition to more traditional jobs rooted in tourism, entertainment, and government.<a href="#cite_note-169">[160]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AGE_MATTERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AGE MATTERS">obsolete source</a>] Between 2009 and 2016, <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> per capita in Washington, D.C., consistently ranked at the very top among U.S. states.<a href="#cite_note-capita2009-170">[161]</a> In 2016, at $160,472, its GDP per capita was almost three times greater than that of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, which was ranked second in the nation (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_GDP" title="List of U.S. states and territories by GDP">List of U.S. states and territories by GDP</a>).<a href="#cite_note-capita2009-170">[161]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,_D.C.&action=edit">[update]</a>, the metropolitan statistical area's unemployment rate was 3.1%, ranking 171 out of the 389 metropolitan areas as defined by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">Bureau of Economic Analysis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[162]</a> The District of Columbia itself had an unemployment rate of 4.6% during the same time period.<a href="#cite_note-172">[163]</a> In 2019, Washington, D.C., had the highest median household income in the U.S. at $92,266.<a href="#cite_note-173">[164]</a> According to the District's <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_annual_financial_report" class="mw-redirect" title="Comprehensive annual financial report">comprehensive annual financial reports</a>, the top employers by number of employees in 2022 included <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_National_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's National Medical Center">Children's National Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Hospital_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Hospital Center">Washington Hospital Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_University" title="American University">American University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgetown University Hospital">Georgetown University Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Booz_Allen_%26_Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="Booz Allen & Hamilton">Booz Allen & Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insperity" title="Insperity">Insperity</a> PEO Services, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Protection_Service" title="Universal Protection Service">Universal Protection Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/MedStar_Health" title="MedStar Health">Medstar Medical Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University_Hospital" title="George Washington University Hospital">George Washington University Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America" title="Catholic University of America">Catholic University of America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sibley_Memorial_Hospital" title="Sibley Memorial Hospital">Sibley Memorial Hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_government">Federal government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal government of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_showing_top_of_Washington_Monument,_Washington,_D.C_LCCN2010630904_(cropped).tiff" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Aerial_view_showing_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010630904_%28cropped%29.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Aerial_view_showing_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010630904_%28cropped%29.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3047" data-file-height="1614"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 117px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Aerial_view_showing_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010630904_%28cropped%29.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Aerial_view_showing_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010630904_%28cropped%29.tiff.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="117" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Aerial_view_showing_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010630904_%28cropped%29.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Aerial_view_showing_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010630904_%28cropped%29.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Aerial_view_showing_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010630904_%28cropped%29.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Aerial_view_showing_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2010630904_%28cropped%29.tiff.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Triangle" title="Federal Triangle">Federal Triangle</a>, a historic hub of <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">executive departments</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a></figcaption></figure> As of July 2022, 25% of people employed in Washington, D.C., were employed by the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-175">[166]</a> Many of the region's residents are employed by companies and organizations that do work for the federal government, seek to <a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_the_United_States" title="Lobbying in the United States">influence federal policy</a>, or are otherwise related to its work, including <a href="/wiki/Law_firm" title="Law firm">law firms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defense_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense contractor">defense contractors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independent_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent contractor">civilian contractors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organizations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_the_United_States" title="Lobbying in the United States">lobbying firms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industry_trade_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Industry trade group">industry trade groups</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">professional associations</a>, many of which have their headquarters in or near the city for proximity to the federal government.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_ambassador%27s_residence_-_Washington,_D.C..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/French_ambassador%27s_residence_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/220px-French_ambassador%27s_residence_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3002" data-file-height="2312"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/French_ambassador%27s_residence_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/220px-French_ambassador%27s_residence_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg" data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/French_ambassador%27s_residence_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/330px-French_ambassador%27s_residence_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/French_ambassador%27s_residence_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/440px-French_ambassador%27s_residence_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/French_ambassador%27s_residence_in_Washington,_D.C." title="French ambassador's residence in Washington, D.C.">French ambassador's residence</a></figcaption></figure> As the national capital, Washington, D.C. hosts about 185 foreign missions, including embassies, ambassador's residences, and international cultural centers.<a href="#cite_note-176">[167]</a> Many are concentrated along a stretch of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Massachusetts Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Massachusetts Avenue</a> known informally as <a href="/wiki/Embassy_Row" title="Embassy Row">Embassy Row</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[168]</a> D.C. is consequently one of the most culturally diverse cities in the world; it hosts a number of internationally themed festivals and events, often in collaboration with foreign missions or delegations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The city government maintains an Office of International Affairs to liaise with the diplomatic community and foreign delegations.<a href="#cite_note-178">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_and_non-profit_organizations">Research and non-profit organizations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Non-profit_organizations_based_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.">Category:Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22The_Conservative_Sensibility%22_event_at_AEI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%22The_Conservative_Sensibility%22_event_at_AEI.jpg/220px-%22The_Conservative_Sensibility%22_event_at_AEI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%22The_Conservative_Sensibility%22_event_at_AEI.jpg/220px-%22The_Conservative_Sensibility%22_event_at_AEI.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%22The_Conservative_Sensibility%22_event_at_AEI.jpg/330px-%22The_Conservative_Sensibility%22_event_at_AEI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%22The_Conservative_Sensibility%22_event_at_AEI.jpg/440px-%22The_Conservative_Sensibility%22_event_at_AEI.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A panel discussion at the <a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a>, one of D.C.'s many think tanks</figcaption></figure> Washington, D.C., is a leading center for national and international research organizations, especially <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tanks</a> engaged in public policy.<a href="#cite_note-179">[170]</a> As of 2020, 8% of the country's think tanks are headquartered in the city, including many of the largest and most widely cited;<a href="#cite_note-180">[171]</a> these include the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peterson_Institute_for_International_Economics" title="Peterson Institute for International Economics">Peterson Institute for International Economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urban_Institute" title="Urban Institute">Urban Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[172]</a> D.C. is home to many non-profit organizations that engage with issues of domestic and global importance by conducting advanced research, running programs, or public advocacy. Among these organizations are the <a href="/wiki/UN_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Foundation">UN Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">Human Rights Campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_Democracy" title="National Endowment for Democracy">National Endowment for Democracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[173]</a> Major medical research institutions include the <a href="/wiki/MedStar_Washington_Hospital_Center" title="MedStar Washington Hospital Center">MedStar Washington Hospital Center</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_National_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's National Medical Center">Children's National Medical Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[174]</a> The city is the country's primary location for international development firms, many of which contract with the D.C.-based <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">United States Agency for International Development</a> (USAID), the U.S. federal government's aid agency. The <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a>, a humanitarian agency focused on emergency relief, is also headquartered in the city.<a href="#cite_note-184">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_sector">Private sector</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:Companies based in Washington, D.C.">Category:Companies based in Washington, D.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area#Primary_industries" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area § Primary industries</a></div> According to statistics compiled in 2011, four of the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">largest 500 companies</a> in the country were headquartered in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-185">[176]</a> In the 2023 <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centres Index</a>, Washington was ranked as having the 8th most competitive financial center in the world, and fourth most competitive in the United States (after <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco#Economy" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles#Economy" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>).<a href="#cite_note-186">[177]</a> Among the largest companies headquartered in Washington, D.C., are <a href="/wiki/Fannie_Mae" title="Fannie Mae">Fannie Mae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danaher_Corporation" title="Danaher Corporation">Danaher Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/FTI_Consulting" title="FTI Consulting">FTI Consulting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hogan_Lovells" title="Hogan Lovells">Hogan Lovells</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[178]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_II_Memorial_Wade-47.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_War_II_Memorial_Wade-47.JPG/220px-World_War_II_Memorial_Wade-47.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_War_II_Memorial_Wade-47.JPG/220px-World_War_II_Memorial_Wade-47.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_War_II_Memorial_Wade-47.JPG/330px-World_War_II_Memorial_Wade-47.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_War_II_Memorial_Wade-47.JPG/440px-World_War_II_Memorial_Wade-47.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_World_War_II_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="National World War II Memorial">National World War II Memorial</a> is among the many popular tourist sites located on the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a>.</figcaption></figure> Tourism is the city's second-largest industry, after the federal government. In 2012, some 18.9 million visitors contributed an estimated $4.8 billion to the local economy.<a href="#cite_note-tourism2012-188">[179]</a> In 2019, the city saw 24.6 million tourists, including 1.8 million from foreign countries, who collectively spent $8.15 billion during their stay.<a href="#cite_note-tourism2019-189">[180]</a> Tourism helps many of the region's other industries, such as lodging, food and beverage, entertainment, shopping, and transportation.<a href="#cite_note-tourism2019-189">[180]</a> The city and the wider Washington region have a diverse array of attractions for tourists, such as monuments, memorials, museums, sports events, and trails. Within the city, the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> serves as the center of the tourism industry. It is there that many of the city's museums and monuments are located. Adjacent to the mall sits the <a href="/wiki/Tidal_Basin" title="Tidal Basin">Tidal Basin</a>, where several additional memorials and monuments lie, including the popular <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Washington Union Station</a> is a popular tourist spot with its multitude of restaurants and shops.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Culture of Washington, D.C.">Culture of Washington, D.C.</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">Symbols of District of Columbia</caption><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Slogan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Federal City</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wood_Thrush" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood Thrush">Wood Thrush</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_crustaceans" title="List of U.S. state crustaceans">Crustacean</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hay%27s_Spring_amphipod" class="mw-redirect" title="Hay's Spring amphipod">Hay's Spring amphipod</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_shad" title="American shad">American shad</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Beauty_rose" class="mw-redirect" title="American Beauty rose">American Beauty rose</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Little_brown_bat" title="Little brown bat">Little brown bat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarlet Oak">Scarlet Oak</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_beverages" title="List of U.S. state beverages">Beverage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rickey_(cocktail)" title="Rickey (cocktail)">Rickey</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[181]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dances" title="List of U.S. state dances">Dance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hand_dancing" title="Hand dancing">Hand dancing</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dinosaurs" title="List of U.S. state dinosaurs">Dinosaur</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_informally_named_dinosaurs#Capitalsaurus" title="List of informally named dinosaurs">Capitalsaurus</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_foods" title="List of U.S. state foods">Food</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">Cherry</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Rock</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Potomac_bluestone" class="mw-redirect" title="Potomac bluestone">Potomac bluestone</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Route marker</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:center; display: inline-block; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0;"><div style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"></div><div style="margin:0 0 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/File:DC-295.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="District of Columbia Route 295 marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/DC-295.svg/58px-DC-295.svg.png" decoding="async" width="58" height="72" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="751"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 58px;height: 72px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/DC-295.svg/58px-DC-295.svg.png" data-alt="District of Columbia Route 295 marker" data-width="58" data-height="72" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/DC-295.svg/86px-DC-295.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/DC-295.svg/115px-DC-295.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:2009_DC_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="quarter dollar coin"><noscript><img alt="quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2009_DC_Proof.png/85px-2009_DC_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1078" data-file-height="1081"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 85px;height: 85px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2009_DC_Proof.png/85px-2009_DC_Proof.png" data-alt="quarter dollar coin" data-width="85" data-height="85" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2009_DC_Proof.png/128px-2009_DC_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2009_DC_Proof.png/170px-2009_DC_Proof.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><div>Released in 2009</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Theater_in_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Theater in Washington, D.C.">Theater in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moulin_Rouge_at_the_John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_audience_perspective.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Moulin_Rouge_at_the_John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_audience_perspective.jpg/220px-Moulin_Rouge_at_the_John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_audience_perspective.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="3468"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 248px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Moulin_Rouge_at_the_John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_audience_perspective.jpg/220px-Moulin_Rouge_at_the_John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_audience_perspective.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="248" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Moulin_Rouge_at_the_John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_audience_perspective.jpg/330px-Moulin_Rouge_at_the_John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_audience_perspective.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Moulin_Rouge_at_the_John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_audience_perspective.jpg/440px-Moulin_Rouge_at_the_John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts_audience_perspective.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A performance of <a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge!_(musical)" title="Moulin Rouge! (musical)">Moulin Rouge!</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a></figcaption></figure> Washington, D.C., is a national center for the arts, home to several concert halls and theaters. The <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/National_Symphony_Orchestra_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Symphony Orchestra (United States)">National Symphony Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Opera" title="Washington National Opera">Washington National Opera</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Ballet">Washington Ballet</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honors</a> are awarded each year to those in the performing arts who have contributed greatly to the cultural life of the United States. This ceremony is often attended by the sitting <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a> and other dignitaries and celebrities.<a href="#cite_note-191">[182]</a> The Kennedy Center also awards the annual <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain_Prize_for_American_Humor" title="Mark Twain Prize for American Humor">Mark Twain Prize for American Humor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[183]</a> The historic <a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theatre" title="Ford's Theatre">Ford's Theatre</a>, the site of the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">assassination of President Abraham Lincoln</a> on April 14, 1865, continues to function as a theatre and as a museum.<a href="#cite_note-193">[184]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Marine_Barracks,_Washington,_D.C." title="Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C.">Marine Barracks</a> near <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a> houses the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Band" title="United States Marine Band">United States Marine Band</a>; founded in 1798, it is the country's oldest professional musical organization.<a href="#cite_note-194">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_march_music" title="American march music">American march composer</a> and Washington-native <a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">John Philip Sousa</a> led the Marine Band from 1880 until 1892.<a href="#cite_note-195">[186]</a> Founded in 1925, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Band" title="United States Navy Band">United States Navy Band</a> has its headquarters at the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Navy_Yard" title="Washington Navy Yard">Washington Navy Yard</a> and performs at official events and public concerts around the city.<a href="#cite_note-196">[187]</a> Founded in 1950, <a href="/wiki/Arena_Stage" title="Arena Stage">Arena Stage</a> achieved national attention and spurred growth in the city's independent theater movement that now includes organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Theatre_Company" title="Shakespeare Theatre Company">Shakespeare Theatre Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woolly_Mammoth_Theatre_Company" title="Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company">Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Studio_Theatre_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Studio Theatre (Washington, D.C.)">Studio Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[188]</a> Arena Stage reopened after a renovation and expansion in the city's emerging <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Waterfront,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest Waterfront, Washington, D.C.">Southwest waterfront area</a> in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-198">[189]</a> The <a href="/wiki/GALA_Hispanic_Theatre" title="GALA Hispanic Theatre">GALA Hispanic Theatre</a>, now housed in the historic <a href="/wiki/Tivoli_Theatre_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Tivoli Theatre (Washington, D.C.)">Tivoli Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Heights_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Columbia Heights (Washington, D.C.)">Columbia Heights</a>, was founded in 1976 and is a National Center for the Latino Performing Arts.<a href="#cite_note-199">[190]</a> Other performing arts spaces in the city include the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Auditorium" title="Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium">Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Federal_Triangle" title="Federal Triangle">Federal Triangle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Atlas Performing Arts Center">Atlas Performing Arts Center</a> on <a href="/wiki/H_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="H Street (Washington, D.C.)">H Street</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Carter_Barron_Amphitheater" class="mw-redirect" title="Carter Barron Amphitheater">Carter Barron Amphitheater</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Park" title="Rock Creek Park">Rock Creek Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/DAR_Constitution_Hall" title="DAR Constitution Hall">Constitution Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown, Washington, D.C.">Downtown</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Keegan_Theatre" title="Keegan Theatre">Keegan Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dupont_Circle" title="Dupont Circle">Dupont Circle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lisner_Auditorium" title="Lisner Auditorium">Lisner Auditorium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Foggy_Bottom" title="Foggy Bottom">Foggy Bottom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Sylvan_Theater" title="National Sylvan Theater">Sylvan Theater</a> on the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Warner_Theatre_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Warner Theatre (Washington, D.C.)">Warner Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Penn_Quarter" title="Penn Quarter">Penn Quarter</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="National Theatre (Washington, D.C.)">National Theatre</a> in Downtown D.C. is the second-oldest continuously operating theater in the United States, having first opened in 1835.<a href="#cite_note-200">[191]</a> The <a href="/wiki/U_Street_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="U Street Corridor">U Street Corridor</a> in Northwest D.C., once known as "Washington's Black Broadway", is home to institutions like <a href="/wiki/Howard_Theatre" title="Howard Theatre">Howard Theatre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Theatre_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)">Lincoln Theatre</a>, which hosted music legends such as Washington-native <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ustreet-201">[192]</a> Just east of U Street is <a href="/wiki/Shaw_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Shaw (Washington, D.C.)">Shaw</a>, which also served as a major cultural center during the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz age">jazz age</a>. Intersecting with U Street is <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourteenth Street (Washington, D.C.)">Fourteenth Street</a>, which was an extension of the U Street cultural corridor during the 1920s through the 1960s. The collection of Fourteenth Street, U Street, and Shaw was the location of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Renaissance_in_D.C." title="Black Renaissance in D.C.">Black Renaissance in D.C.</a>, which was part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a>. Today, the area starting at Fourteenth Street downtown going north through U Street and east to Shaw boasts a high concentration of bars, restaurants, and theaters, and is among the city's most notable cultural and artistic areas.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C._Area_Film_Critics_Association" title="Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association">Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association</a> (WAFCA), a group of more than 65 film critics, holds an annual awards ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-aboutwafca-202">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Music of Washington, D.C.">Music of Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuck_Brown_(5318700369).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chuck_Brown_%285318700369%29.jpg/220px-Chuck_Brown_%285318700369%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2309" data-file-height="2113"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 201px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chuck_Brown_%285318700369%29.jpg/220px-Chuck_Brown_%285318700369%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="201" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chuck_Brown_%285318700369%29.jpg/330px-Chuck_Brown_%285318700369%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Chuck_Brown_%285318700369%29.jpg/440px-Chuck_Brown_%285318700369%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Brown" title="Chuck Brown">Chuck Brown</a> performing <a href="/wiki/Go-go" title="Go-go">go-go</a> music</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>, a major music record label in the US, was founded in Washington, D.C. in 1889.<a href="#cite_note-203">[194]</a>: 105 The city grew into being one of America's most important music cities in the early <a href="/wiki/Jazz_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz age">jazz age</a>. <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a>, among the most prominent jazz composers and musicians of his time, was born and raised in Washington, and began his music career in the city. The center of the city's jazz scene during those years was <a href="/wiki/U_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="U Street (Washington, D.C.)">U street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shaw_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Shaw (Washington, D.C.)">Shaw</a>. Among the city's major jazz locations were the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Theatre_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Lincoln Theatre (Washington, D.C.)">Lincoln Theatre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Howard_Theatre" title="Howard Theatre">Howard Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[195]</a> Washington has its own native music genre called <a href="/wiki/Go-go" title="Go-go">go-go</a>; a post-funk, percussion-driven flavor of rhythm and blues that was popularized in the late 1970s by D.C. band leader <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Brown" title="Chuck Brown">Chuck Brown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[196]</a> The district is an important center for <a href="/wiki/Indie_music_scene" title="Indie music scene">indie culture and music</a> in the United States. The DC-based label <a href="/wiki/Dischord_Records" title="Dischord Records">Dischord Records</a>, formed by <a href="/wiki/Ian_MacKaye" title="Ian MacKaye">Ian MacKaye</a>, frontman of <a href="/wiki/Fugazi" title="Fugazi">Fugazi</a>, was one of the most crucial independent labels in the genesis of 1980s punk and eventually indie rock in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-206">[197]</a> Modern <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative</a> and indie music venues like <a href="/wiki/Black_Cat_(Washington,_D.C._nightclub)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Cat (Washington, D.C. nightclub)">The Black Cat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/9:30_Club" title="9:30 Club">9:30 Club</a> bring popular acts to the U Street area.<a href="#cite_note-207">[198]</a> The hardcore punk scene in the city, known as <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C._hardcore" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, D.C. hardcore">D.C. hardcore</a>, is an important genre of D.C.'s contemporary music scene. Starting in the 1970s and flourishing in the <a href="/wiki/Adams_Morgan" title="Adams Morgan">Adams Morgan</a> neighborhood, it is considered to be one of the most influential punk music movements in the country.<a href="#cite_note-SG_13DCHC-208">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michelin_starred_restaurants_in_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="List of Michelin starred restaurants in Washington, D.C.">List of Michelin starred restaurants in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopian_vegetarian_sampler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ethiopian_vegetarian_sampler.jpg/220px-Ethiopian_vegetarian_sampler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3072"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ethiopian_vegetarian_sampler.jpg/220px-Ethiopian_vegetarian_sampler.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ethiopian_vegetarian_sampler.jpg/330px-Ethiopian_vegetarian_sampler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ethiopian_vegetarian_sampler.jpg/440px-Ethiopian_vegetarian_sampler.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yetsom_beyaynetu" class="mw-redirect" title="Yetsom beyaynetu">Yetsom beyaynetu</a> at Das Ethiopian Cuisine, one of D.C.'s many Ethiopian restaurants</figcaption></figure> Washington, D.C., is rich in fine and casual dining; some consider it among the country's best cities for dining.<a href="#cite_note-209">[200]</a> The city has a diverse range of <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a>, including a wide variety of international cuisines. The city's <a href="/wiki/Chinatown_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinatown (Washington, D.C.)">Chinatown</a>, for example, has more than a dozen Chinese-style restaurants. The city also has many Middle Eastern, European, African, Asian, and Latin American cuisine options.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] D.C. is known as one of the best cities in the world for <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_cuisine" title="Ethiopian cuisine">Ethiopian cuisine</a>, due largely to <a href="/wiki/Ethiopians_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Ethiopians in Washington, D.C.">Ethiopian immigrants</a> who arrived in the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-210">[201]</a> A part of the <a href="/wiki/Shaw_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Shaw (Washington, D.C.)">Shaw</a> neighborhood in central D.C. is known as "Little Ethiopia" and has a high concentration of Ethiopian restaurants and shops.<a href="#cite_note-211">[202]</a> The diversity of cuisine is also reflected in the city's many <a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">food trucks</a>, which are particularly heavily concentrated along the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a>, which has few other dining options.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Among the most famous Washington, D.C.-born foods is the <a href="/wiki/Half-smoke" title="Half-smoke">half-smoke</a>, a half-beef, half-pork sausage placed in a <a href="/wiki/Hotdog" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotdog">hotdog</a>-style bun and topped with onion, chili, and cheese.<a href="#cite_note-212">[203]</a> The city is also the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Mumbo_sauce" title="Mumbo sauce">mumbo sauce</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">condiment</a> similar to <a href="/wiki/Barbecue_sauce" title="Barbecue sauce">barbecue sauce</a> but sweeter in flavor, often used on meat and <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">french fries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[205]</a> Washington, D.C. is known for popularizing the <a href="/wiki/Jumbo_slice" title="Jumbo slice">jumbo slice</a> pizza, a large <a href="/wiki/New_York-style_pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="New York-style pizza">New York-style pizza</a><a href="#cite_note-Barrett-215">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern-216">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[208]</a> with roots in the <a href="/wiki/Adams_Morgan" title="Adams Morgan">Adams Morgan</a> neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-218">[209]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020.03.19_DC_People_and_Places,_Washington,_DC_USA_080_30017_(49679399691).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2020.03.19_DC_People_and_Places%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_080_30017_%2849679399691%29.jpg/220px-2020.03.19_DC_People_and_Places%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_080_30017_%2849679399691%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4605" data-file-height="3684"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2020.03.19_DC_People_and_Places%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_080_30017_%2849679399691%29.jpg/220px-2020.03.19_DC_People_and_Places%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_080_30017_%2849679399691%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2020.03.19_DC_People_and_Places%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_080_30017_%2849679399691%29.jpg/330px-2020.03.19_DC_People_and_Places%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_080_30017_%2849679399691%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2020.03.19_DC_People_and_Places%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_080_30017_%2849679399691%29.jpg/440px-2020.03.19_DC_People_and_Places%2C_Washington%2C_DC_USA_080_30017_%2849679399691%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ben%27s_Chili_Bowl" title="Ben's Chili Bowl">Ben's Chili Bowl</a>, known for its <a href="/wiki/Half-smoke" title="Half-smoke">half-smoke</a>, a historic staple of the city's cuisine</figcaption></figure> Among the city's signature restaurants is <a href="/wiki/Ben%27s_Chili_Bowl" title="Ben's Chili Bowl">Ben's Chili Bowl</a>, located on <a href="/wiki/U_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="U Street (Washington, D.C.)">U Street</a> since its founding in 1958. The restaurant rose to prominence as a peaceful escape during the violent <a href="/wiki/1968_Washington,_D.C.,_riots" title="1968 Washington, D.C., riots">1968 race riots</a> in the city. Famous for its <a href="/wiki/Chili_dog" title="Chili dog">chili dogs</a> and half-smokes, it has been visited by numerous presidents and celebrities over the years.<a href="#cite_note-219">[210]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Cupcake" title="Georgetown Cupcake">Georgetown Cupcake</a> bakery became famous through its appearance on the reality T.V. show <a href="/wiki/DC_Cupcakes" title="DC Cupcakes">DC Cupcakes</a>. Another culinary hotspot is <a href="/wiki/Union_Market" title="Union Market">Union Market</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast D.C.">Northeast D.C.</a>, a former farmer's market and wholesale that now houses a large, gourmet <a href="/wiki/Food_hall" title="Food hall">food hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lerner-220">[211]</a> As of 2024, 25 restaurants (including one in Virginia, <a href="/wiki/The_Inn_at_Little_Washington" title="The Inn at Little Washington">The Inn at Little Washington</a>) have received stars in the D.C. <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[212]</a> This represents the most starred restaurants per capita for any U.S. city, and the third-most in the world.<a href="#cite_note-222">[213]</a> Several celebrity chefs have opened restaurants in the city, including <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Andr%C3%A9s" title="José Andrés">José Andrés</a>,<a href="#cite_note-223">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kwame_Onwuachi" title="Kwame Onwuachi">Kwame Onwuachi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-224">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Ramsay" title="Gordon Ramsay">Gordon Ramsay</a>,<a href="#cite_note-225">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[217]</a> and previously <a href="/wiki/Michel_Richard" title="Michel Richard">Michel Richard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of museums in Washington, D.C.">List of museums in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg/220px-National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5298" data-file-height="3532"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg/220px-National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg/330px-National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg/440px-National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a> was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_museums_in_the_United_States" title="List of most-visited museums in the United States">most visited art museum in the United States</a> in 2022.</figcaption></figure> Washington, D.C. is home to many of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_museums_in_the_United_States" title="List of most-visited museums in the United States">country's most visited museums</a> and some of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_museums" title="List of most-visited museums">most visited museums in the world</a>. In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">National Museum of Natural History</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a> were the two most visited museums in the country. Overall, Washington had eight of the 28 most visited museums in the U.S. in 2022. That year, the National Museum of Natural History was the fifth-most-visited museum in the world; the National Gallery of Art was the eleventh.<a href="#cite_note-teacom-228">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Smithsonian_museums">Smithsonian museums</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Smithsonian_museums" title="List of Smithsonian museums">List of Smithsonian museums</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smithsonian_Institution_National_Museum_of_Natural_History_(7508870948).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Smithsonian_Institution_National_Museum_of_Natural_History_%287508870948%29.jpg/220px-Smithsonian_Institution_National_Museum_of_Natural_History_%287508870948%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4300" data-file-height="2867"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Smithsonian_Institution_National_Museum_of_Natural_History_%287508870948%29.jpg/220px-Smithsonian_Institution_National_Museum_of_Natural_History_%287508870948%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Smithsonian_Institution_National_Museum_of_Natural_History_%287508870948%29.jpg/330px-Smithsonian_Institution_National_Museum_of_Natural_History_%287508870948%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Smithsonian_Institution_National_Museum_of_Natural_History_%287508870948%29.jpg/440px-Smithsonian_Institution_National_Museum_of_Natural_History_%287508870948%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Museum_of_Natural_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Museum of Natural History">Smithsonian Museum of Natural History</a> was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_museums_in_the_United_States" title="List of most-visited museums in the United States">most visited museum in the U.S. in 2022</a>, with 3.9 million visits.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> is an educational foundation chartered by Congress in 1846 that maintains most of the nation's official museums and galleries in Washington, D.C. It is the world's largest research and museum complex.<a href="#cite_note-229">[220]</a> The U.S. government partially funds the Smithsonian, and its collections are open to the public free of charge.<a href="#cite_note-230">[221]</a> The Smithsonian's locations had a combined total of 30 million visits in 2013. The most visited museum is the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">National Museum of Natural History</a> on the National Mall.<a href="#cite_note-231">[222]</a> Other Smithsonian Institution museums and galleries on the Mall include the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a>; the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_Art" title="National Museum of African Art">National Museum of African Art</a>; the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">National Museum of American History</a>; the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">National Museum of the American Indian</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Sackler_Gallery" title="Arthur M. Sackler Gallery">Sackler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freer_Gallery_of_Art" title="Freer Gallery of Art">Freer</a> galleries, which focus on Asian art and culture; the <a href="/wiki/Hirshhorn_Museum_and_Sculpture_Garden" title="Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden">Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Industries_Building" title="Arts and Industries Building">Arts and Industries Building</a>; the <a href="/wiki/S._Dillon_Ripley_Center" title="S. Dillon Ripley Center">S. Dillon Ripley Center</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Building" title="Smithsonian Institution Building">Smithsonian Institution Building</a>, which serves as the institution's headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-SI-232">[223]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">National Portrait Gallery</a> are housed in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Patent_Office_Building" title="Old Patent Office Building">Old Patent Office Building</a> near Washington's <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Washington,_D.C." title="Chinatown, Washington, D.C.">Chinatown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-233">[224]</a> <a href="/wiki/Renwick_Gallery" title="Renwick Gallery">Renwick Gallery</a> is part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum and is located in a separate building near the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. Other Smithsonian museums and galleries include <a href="/wiki/Anacostia_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Anacostia Museum">Anacostia Community Museum</a> in Southeast Washington, the <a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Museum" title="National Postal Museum">National Postal Museum</a> near <a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Washington Union Station</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Zoological_Park_(United_States)" title="National Zoological Park (United States)">National Zoo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Woodley_Park,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Woodley Park, Washington, D.C.">Woodley Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SI-232">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_museums">Other museums</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_law_enforcement_officers_memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_law_enforcement_officers_memorial.jpg/220px-National_law_enforcement_officers_memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_law_enforcement_officers_memorial.jpg/220px-National_law_enforcement_officers_memorial.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_law_enforcement_officers_memorial.jpg/330px-National_law_enforcement_officers_memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/National_law_enforcement_officers_memorial.jpg/440px-National_law_enforcement_officers_memorial.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Building_Museum" title="National Building Museum">National Building Museum</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a> is on the National Mall near the Capitol and features American and European artworks. The U.S. government owns the gallery and its collections. However, they are not a part of the Smithsonian Institution.<a href="#cite_note-234">[225]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Building_Museum" title="National Building Museum">National Building Museum</a>, which occupies the former Pension Building near <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Square,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary Square, Washington, D.C.">Judiciary Square</a>, was chartered by Congress and hosts exhibits on architecture, urban planning, and design.<a href="#cite_note-235">[226]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Botanic_Garden" title="United States Botanic Garden">Botanic Garden</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> and museum operated by the U.S. Congress that is open to the public.<a href="#cite_note-236">[227]</a> There are several private art museums in Washington, D.C., that house major collections and exhibits open to the public, such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Women_in_the_Arts" title="National Museum of Women in the Arts">National Museum of Women in the Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Phillips_Collection" title="The Phillips Collection">The Phillips Collection</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dupont_Circle,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Dupont Circle, Washington, D.C.">Dupont Circle</a>, the first museum of modern art in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-237">[228]</a> Other private museums in Washington include the <a href="/wiki/O_Street_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="O Street Museum">O Street Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Spy_Museum" title="International Spy Museum">International Spy Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> Museum, and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Bible" title="Museum of the Bible">Museum of the Bible</a>. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a> near the National Mall maintains exhibits, documentation, and artifacts related to the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.">List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.">National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Mall_and_Tidal_Basin">National Mall and Tidal Basin</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_National_Mall_12_2014_DC_711.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Aerial_view_National_Mall_12_2014_DC_711.JPG/220px-Aerial_view_National_Mall_12_2014_DC_711.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Aerial_view_National_Mall_12_2014_DC_711.JPG/220px-Aerial_view_National_Mall_12_2014_DC_711.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Aerial_view_National_Mall_12_2014_DC_711.JPG/330px-Aerial_view_National_Mall_12_2014_DC_711.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Aerial_view_National_Mall_12_2014_DC_711.JPG/440px-Aerial_view_National_Mall_12_2014_DC_711.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a>, a landscaped park extending from the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_reflection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_reflection.jpg/220px-Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_reflection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_reflection.jpg/220px-Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_reflection.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_reflection.jpg/330px-Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_reflection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_reflection.jpg/440px-Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_reflection.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial">Vietnam Veterans Memorial</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Lin</a>, was initially controversial for its lack of heroic iconography, a departure from earlier memorial designs.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> is a park near <a href="/wiki/Downtown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Downtown (Washington, D.C.)">Downtown Washington</a> that stretches nearly two miles from the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>. The mall often hosts <a href="/wiki/List_of_protest_marches_on_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="List of protest marches on Washington, D.C.">political protests</a>, concerts, festivals, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration" title="United States presidential inauguration">presidential inaugurations</a>. The Capitol grounds host the <a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_Day_Concert" title="National Memorial Day Concert">National Memorial Day Concert</a>, held each <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a>, and <a href="/wiki/A_Capitol_Fourth" title="A Capitol Fourth">A Capitol Fourth</a>, a concert held each <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a>. Both concerts are broadcast across the country on <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. In the evening on the Fourth of July, the park hosts a large <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a> show.<a href="#cite_note-239">[230]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Pier" title="Jefferson Pier">Jefferson Pier</a> are near the center of the mall, south of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. Directly northwest of the Washington Monument is <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a>, which includes a garden, park, pond, and a <a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">memorial to the signers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[231]</a> Just north of Constitution Gardens is the <a href="/wiki/Lockkeeper%27s_House,_C_%26_O_Canal_Extension" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockkeeper's House, C & O Canal Extension">Lockkeeper's House</a>, which is the second-oldest building on the mall after the White House. The house is operated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> (NPS) and is open to the public. Also on the mall is the <a href="/wiki/National_World_War_II_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="National World War II Memorial">National World War II Memorial</a> at the east end of the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial_Reflecting_Pool" title="Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool">Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War_Veterans_Memorial" title="Korean War Veterans Memorial">Korean War Veterans Memorial</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial">Vietnam Veterans Memorial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nama-241">[232]</a> South of the mall is the <a href="/wiki/Tidal_Basin_(District_of_Columbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidal Basin (District of Columbia)">Tidal Basin</a>, a human-made reservoir surrounded by pedestrian paths lined by Japanese cherry trees. Every spring, millions of cherry blossoms bloom, attracting visitors from across the world as part of the annual <a href="/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival" title="National Cherry Blossom Festival">National Cherry Blossom Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[233]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Memorial" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_Memorial" title="George Mason Memorial">George Mason Memorial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial">Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_War_Memorial" title="District of Columbia War Memorial">District of Columbia War Memorial</a> are around the Tidal Basin.<a href="#cite_note-nama-241">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_landmarks">Other landmarks</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:-i---i-_(52380995447).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/-i---i-_%2852380995447%29.jpg/220px--i---i-_%2852380995447%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/-i---i-_%2852380995447%29.jpg/220px--i---i-_%2852380995447%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/-i---i-_%2852380995447%29.jpg/330px--i---i-_%2852380995447%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/-i---i-_%2852380995447%29.jpg/440px--i---i-_%2852380995447%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Protesters in front of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">U.S. Supreme Court Building</a></figcaption></figure> Numerous historic landmarks are located outside the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a>. Among these are the <a href="/wiki/Old_Post_Office_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)">Old Post Office</a>,<a href="#cite_note-243">[234]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Treasury_Building_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.)">Treasury Building</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/Old_Patent_Office_Building" title="Old Patent Office Building">Old Patent Office Building</a>,<a href="#cite_note-245">[236]</a> the <a href="/wiki/National_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="National Cathedral">National Cathedral</a>,<a href="#cite_note-246">[237]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception">Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception</a>,<a href="#cite_note-247">[238]</a> the <a href="/wiki/National_World_War_I_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="National World War I Memorial (Washington, D.C.)">National World War I Memorial</a>,<a href="#cite_note-248">[239]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_National_Historic_Site" title="Frederick Douglass National Historic Site">Frederick Douglass National Historic Site</a>,<a href="#cite_note-249">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Cottage" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln's Cottage">Lincoln's Cottage</a>,<a href="#cite_note-250">[241]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial">Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Memorial" title="United States Navy Memorial">United States Navy Memorial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[242]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Octagon_House" title="The Octagon House">The Octagon House</a>, which was the building that President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> and his administration moved into following the burning of the White House during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, is now a historic museum and popular tourist destination.<a href="#cite_note-252">[243]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives</a> is headquartered in a <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">building</a> just north of the National Mall and houses thousands of documents important to American history, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[244]</a> Located in three buildings on Capitol Hill, the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> is the largest library complex in the world with a collection of more than 147 million books, manuscripts, and other materials.<a href="#cite_note-254">[245]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> is located immediately north of the Library of Congress. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">United States Supreme Court Building</a> was completed in 1935; before then, the court held sessions in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Senate_Chamber" title="Old Senate Chamber">Old Senate Chamber</a> of the Capitol.<a href="#cite_note-255">[246]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinatown_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinatown (Washington, D.C.)">Chinatown</a>, located just north of the National Mall, houses <a href="/wiki/Capital_One_Arena" title="Capital One Arena">Capital One Arena</a>, which serves as the home arena to the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Wizards" title="Washington Wizards">Washington Wizards</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>, and serves as the city's primary indoor entertainment arena. Chinatown includes several Chinese restaurants and shops. The <a href="/wiki/Friendship_Archway_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Friendship Archway (Washington, D.C.)">Friendship Archway</a> is one of the largest Chinese ceremonial archways outside of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and bears the Chinese characters for "Chinatown" below its roof.<a href="#cite_note-256">[247]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Waterfront" title="Southwest Waterfront">Southwest Waterfront</a> along the Potomac River has been redeveloped in recent years and now serves as a popular cultural center. <a href="/wiki/The_Wharf_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="The Wharf (Washington, D.C.)">The Wharf</a>, as it is called, contains the city's historic <a href="/wiki/Maine_Avenue_Fish_Market" title="Maine Avenue Fish Market">Maine Avenue Fish Market</a>. This is the oldest fish market currently in operation in the entire United States.<a href="#cite_note-257">[248]</a> The Wharf also has many hotels, residential buildings, restaurants, shops, parks, piers, docks and marinas, and live music venues.<a href="#cite_note-wapo1-123">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-wtop1-124">[120]</a> As a result of its central role in United States history, the District of Columbia has many sites listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Parks">Parks</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pine_Trail_-_Flickr_-_treegrow_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Pine_Trail_-_Flickr_-_treegrow_%281%29.jpg/220px-Pine_Trail_-_Flickr_-_treegrow_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Pine_Trail_-_Flickr_-_treegrow_%281%29.jpg/220px-Pine_Trail_-_Flickr_-_treegrow_%281%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Pine_Trail_-_Flickr_-_treegrow_%281%29.jpg/330px-Pine_Trail_-_Flickr_-_treegrow_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Pine_Trail_-_Flickr_-_treegrow_%281%29.jpg/440px-Pine_Trail_-_Flickr_-_treegrow_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Park" title="Rock Creek Park">Rock Creek Park</a>, the city's largest park, stretches across <a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Northwest (Washington, D.C.)">Northwest</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fountain_at_Meridian_Hill_Park_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Fountain_at_Meridian_Hill_Park_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-Fountain_at_Meridian_Hill_Park_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1745" data-file-height="1330"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Fountain_at_Meridian_Hill_Park_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-Fountain_at_Meridian_Hill_Park_%28cropped2%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Fountain_at_Meridian_Hill_Park_%28cropped2%29.jpg/330px-Fountain_at_Meridian_Hill_Park_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Fountain_at_Meridian_Hill_Park_%28cropped2%29.jpg/440px-Fountain_at_Meridian_Hill_Park_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Waterfall" title="Cascading Waterfall">Cascading Waterfall</a> at <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Hill_Park" title="Meridian Hill Park">Meridian Hill Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Hill" title="Meridian Hill">Meridian Hill</a></figcaption></figure> There are many parks, gardens, squares, and circles throughout Washington. The city has 683 parks and greenspaces, comprising almost a quarter of its land area.<a href="#cite_note-258">[249]</a> Consequently, 99% of residents live within a 10-minute walk of a park.<a href="#cite_note-:0-259">[250]</a> According to the nonprofit <a href="/wiki/Trust_for_Public_Land" title="Trust for Public Land">Trust for Public Land</a>, Washington ranked first among the 100 largest U.S. cities for its public parks, based on indicators such as accessibility, the share of land reserved for parks, and the amount invested in green spaces.<a href="#cite_note-:0-259">[250]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Park" title="Rock Creek Park">Rock Creek Park</a>, located in Northwest D.C., is the largest park in the city and is administered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[251]</a> Located on the northern side of the White House, <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lafayette Square (Washington, D.C.)">Lafayette Square</a> is a historic public square. Named after <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">the Marquis de Lafayette</a>, a Frenchman who served as a commander during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, the square has been the site of many protests, marches, and speeches. The houses bordering Lafayette Square have served as the home to many notable figures, such as <a href="/wiki/First_Lady" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady">First Lady</a> <a href="/wiki/Dolley_Madison" title="Dolley Madison">Dolley Madison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a>, who was stabbed by an intruder in his Lafayette Square house on the evening of <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="Assassination of Abraham Lincoln">President Lincoln's assassination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[252]</a> Located next to the square and on <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a> across from the White House is the <a href="/wiki/Blair_House" title="Blair House">Blair House</a>, which serves as the primary <a href="/wiki/State_guest_house" title="State guest house">state guest house</a> for the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[253]</a> There are several river islands in Washington, D.C., including <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Island" title="Theodore Roosevelt Island">Theodore Roosevelt Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>, which hosts the <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Island#National_memorial" title="Theodore Roosevelt Island">Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial</a> and a number of trails.<a href="#cite_note-263">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Island_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Columbia Island (Washington, D.C.)">Columbia Island</a>, also in the Potomac, is home to the <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Memorial_Grove_on_the_Potomac" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac">Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Navy_%E2%80%93_Merchant_Marine_Memorial" title="Navy – Merchant Marine Memorial">Navy – Merchant Marine Memorial</a>, and a marina. <a href="/wiki/Kingman_Island" title="Kingman Island">Kingman Island</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Anacostia_River" title="Anacostia River">Anacostia River</a>, is home to <a href="/wiki/Langston_Golf_Course" title="Langston Golf Course">Langston Golf Course</a> and a public park with trails.<a href="#cite_note-264">[255]</a> Other parks, gardens, and squares include <a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks" title="Dumbarton Oaks">Dumbarton Oaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Hill_Park" title="Meridian Hill Park">Meridian Hill Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Yards_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="The Yards (Washington, D.C.)">the Yards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anacostia_Park" title="Anacostia Park">Anacostia Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Lincoln Park (Washington, D.C.)">Lincoln Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Park_and_Aquatic_Gardens" title="Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens">Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Square_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Franklin Square (Washington, D.C.)">Franklin Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/McPherson_Square" title="McPherson Square">McPherson Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farragut_Square" title="Farragut Square">Farragut Square</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal_National_Historical_Park" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park">Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[256]</a> There are a large number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_circles_in_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="List of circles in Washington, D.C.">traffic circles and circle parks in Washington, D.C.</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Dupont_Circle" title="Dupont Circle">Dupont Circle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logan_Circle_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Logan Circle (Washington, D.C.)">Logan Circle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Circle" title="Scott Circle">Scott Circle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Circle" title="Sheridan Circle">Sheridan Circle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Circle" title="Thomas Circle">Thomas Circle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Circle" title="Washington Circle">Washington Circle</a>, and others.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Arboretum" title="United States National Arboretum">United States National Arboretum</a> is a dense <a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">arboretum</a> in Northeast D.C. filled with gardens and trails. Its most notable landmark is the <a href="/wiki/National_Capitol_Columns" title="National Capitol Columns">National Capitol Columns</a> monument.<a href="#cite_note-266">[257]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Sports in Washington, D.C.">Sports in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pittsburgh_Penguins,_Washington_Capitals,_Bryan_Rust_(33744033514).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg/220px-Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4203" data-file-height="3042"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg/220px-Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg/330px-Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg/440px-Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a>, an <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a> team, and the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Wizards" title="Washington Wizards">Washington Wizards</a>, an <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> team, both play at <a href="/wiki/Capital_One_Arena" title="Capital One Arena">Capital One Arena</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Marine_Corps_Marathon_in_front_of_US_Botoanic_Garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2014_Marine_Corps_Marathon_in_front_of_US_Botoanic_Garden.jpg/220px-2014_Marine_Corps_Marathon_in_front_of_US_Botoanic_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2014_Marine_Corps_Marathon_in_front_of_US_Botoanic_Garden.jpg/220px-2014_Marine_Corps_Marathon_in_front_of_US_Botoanic_Garden.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2014_Marine_Corps_Marathon_in_front_of_US_Botoanic_Garden.jpg/330px-2014_Marine_Corps_Marathon_in_front_of_US_Botoanic_Garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/2014_Marine_Corps_Marathon_in_front_of_US_Botoanic_Garden.jpg/440px-2014_Marine_Corps_Marathon_in_front_of_US_Botoanic_Garden.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>With over 30,000 participants, the annual <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Marathon" title="Marine Corps Marathon">Marine Corps Marathon</a>, held annually in October, is the largest non-prize money marathon in the country.<a href="#cite_note-267">[258]</a></figcaption></figure> Washington, D.C. is one of 13 cities in the United States with teams from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._cities_with_teams_from_four_major_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. cities with teams from four major sports">primary four major professional men's sports</a> and is home to two major professional women's teams.<a href="#cite_note-268">[259]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> are the most popular sports team in the District, as of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-269">[260]</a> They play at <a href="/wiki/Nationals_Park" title="Nationals Park">Nationals Park</a>, which opened in 2008. The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Commanders" title="Washington Commanders">Washington Commanders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> play at <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Stadium" title="Northwest Stadium">Northwest Stadium</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Landover,_Maryland" title="Landover, Maryland">Landover, Maryland</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Wizards" title="Washington Wizards">Washington Wizards</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> play at <a href="/wiki/Capital_One_Arena" title="Capital One Arena">Capital One Arena</a> in the city's <a href="/wiki/Penn_Quarter" title="Penn Quarter">Penn Quarter</a> neighborhood. The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Mystics" title="Washington Mystics">Washington Mystics</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a> play at <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_and_Sports_Arena" title="Entertainment and Sports Arena">Entertainment and Sports Arena</a>. <a href="/wiki/D.C._United" title="D.C. United">D.C. United</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Spirit" title="Washington Spirit">Washington Spirit</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a> play at <a href="/wiki/Audi_Field" title="Audi Field">Audi Field</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The city's teams have won a combined 14 professional league championships over their respective histories. The Washington Commanders (named the Washington Redskins until 2020), have won two NFL Championships and three <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowls</a>;<a href="#cite_note-270">[261]</a> D.C. United has won four;<a href="#cite_note-271">[262]</a> and the Washington Wizards, then named the Washington Bullets, Washington Capitals, Washington Mystics, Washington Nationals, and Washington Spirit have each won a single championship.<a href="#cite_note-272">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[264]</a> Other professional and semi-professional teams in Washington, D.C. include <a href="/wiki/DC_Defenders" title="DC Defenders">DC Defenders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/XFL_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="XFL (2020)">XFL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Glory_DC" title="Old Glory DC">Old Glory DC</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Rugby" title="Major League Rugby">Major League Rugby</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Kastles" title="Washington Kastles">Washington Kastles</a> of World TeamTennis, and the <a href="/wiki/D.C._Divas" title="D.C. Divas">D.C. Divas</a> of the Independent Women's Football League. The <a href="/wiki/William_H.G._FitzGerald_Tennis_Center" title="William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center">William H.G. FitzGerald Tennis Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Park" title="Rock Creek Park">Rock Creek Park</a> hosts the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Open_(tennis)" title="Washington Open (tennis)">Washington Open</a>, a joint men's <a href="/wiki/ATP_Tour" title="ATP Tour">ATP Tour</a> <a href="/wiki/ATP_500" class="mw-redirect" title="ATP 500">500</a>- and women's <a href="/wiki/WTA_Tour" title="WTA Tour">WTA Tour</a> <a href="/wiki/WTA_500" class="mw-redirect" title="WTA 500">500</a>-level tennis tournament, every summer in late July and early August. Washington, D.C. has two major annual marathon races, the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Marathon" title="Marine Corps Marathon">Marine Corps Marathon</a>, held every autumn, and the <a href="/wiki/Rock_%27n%27_Roll_USA_Marathon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock 'n' Roll USA Marathon">Rock 'n' Roll USA Marathon</a>, held each spring. The Marine Corps Marathon began in 1976 and is sometimes called "The People's Marathon" because it is the largest marathon that does not offer prize money to participants.<a href="#cite_note-274">[265]</a> The district's four <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_I_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division I (NCAA)">Division I</a> teams are the <a href="/wiki/American_Eagles" title="American Eagles">American Eagles</a> of <a href="/wiki/American_University" title="American University">American University</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Revolutionaries" title="George Washington Revolutionaries">George Washington Revolutionaries</a> of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Hoyas" title="Georgetown Hoyas">Georgetown Hoyas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Howard_Bison_and_Lady_Bison" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Bison and Lady Bison">Howard Bison and Lady Bison</a> of <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Hoyas_men%27s_basketball" title="Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball">Georgetown men's basketball team</a> is the most notable and also plays at Capital One Arena. Washington, D.C. area's regional sports television network is <a href="/wiki/Monumental_Sports_Network" title="Monumental Sports Network">Monumental Sports Network</a>, and was known as NBC Sports Washington until September 2023.<a href="#cite_note-275">[266]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="City_government">City government</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Government of the District of Columbia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Elections in the District of Columbia">Elections in the District of Columbia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_home_rule" title="District of Columbia home rule">District of Columbia home rule</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_District_of_Columbia_symbols" title="List of District of Columbia symbols">List of District of Columbia symbols</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_A._Wilson_Building_west_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/John_A._Wilson_Building_west_side.jpg/220px-John_A._Wilson_Building_west_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3670" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 196px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/John_A._Wilson_Building_west_side.jpg/220px-John_A._Wilson_Building_west_side.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="196" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/John_A._Wilson_Building_west_side.jpg/330px-John_A._Wilson_Building_west_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/John_A._Wilson_Building_west_side.jpg/440px-John_A._Wilson_Building_west_side.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/John_A._Wilson_Building" title="John A. Wilson Building">John A. Wilson Building</a> is the headquarters for much of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Government of the District of Columbia</a>, including the offices of the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Mayor of the District of Columbia">mayor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">D.C. Council</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article One, Section Eight of the United States Constitution</a> grants the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> "exclusive jurisdiction" over the city. The district did not have an elected local government until the passage of the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Home_Rule_Act" title="District of Columbia Home Rule Act">1973 Home Rule Act</a>. The Act devolved certain Congressional powers to an <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Mayor of the District of Columbia">elected mayor</a> and the thirteen-member <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">Council of the District of Columbia</a>. However, Congress retains the right to review and overturn laws created by the council and intervene in local affairs.<a href="#cite_note-276">[267]</a> Washington, D.C., is <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Political party strength in the District of Columbia">overwhelmingly Democratic</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States presidential elections in the District of Columbia">having voted</a> for the Democratic presidential candidate solidly since it was granted electoral votes <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">in 1964</a>.<a href="#cite_note-277">[268]</a> Each of the city's eight <a href="/wiki/Ward_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (country subdivision)">wards</a> elects a single member of the council and residents elect four at-large members to represent the district as a whole. The council chair is also elected at-large.<a href="#cite_note-278">[269]</a> There are 37 <a href="/wiki/Advisory_Neighborhood_Commission" title="Advisory Neighborhood Commission">Advisory Neighborhood Commissions</a> (ANCs) elected by small neighborhood districts. ANCs can issue recommendations on all issues that affect residents; government agencies take their advice under careful consideration.<a href="#cite_note-279">[270]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_the_District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of the District of Columbia">attorney general of the District of Columbia</a> is elected to a four-year term.<a href="#cite_note-280">[271]</a> Washington, D.C., observes all <a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">federal holidays</a> and also celebrates <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day</a> on April 16, which commemorates the end of slavery in the district.<a href="#cite_note-emancipation-45">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Flag of Washington, D.C.">flag of Washington, D.C.</a>, was adopted in 1938 and is a variation on George Washington's family <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-281">[272]</a> Washington, D.C., has been a member state of the <a href="/wiki/Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" title="Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization</a> (UNPO) since 2015.<a href="#cite_note-282">[273]</a> The idiom "<a href="/wiki/Inside_the_Beltway" title="Inside the Beltway">Inside the Beltway</a>" is a reference used by media to describe discussions of national political issues inside of Washington, by way of geographical demarcation regarding the region within the Capital's Beltway, Interstate 495, the city's highway loop (beltway) constructed in 1964. The phrase is used as a title for a number of political columns and news items by publications like <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Budgetary_issues">Budgetary issues</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muriel_Bowser_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Muriel_Bowser_official_photo.jpg/170px-Muriel_Bowser_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="1460"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 209px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Muriel_Bowser_official_photo.jpg/170px-Muriel_Bowser_official_photo.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="209" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Muriel_Bowser_official_photo.jpg/255px-Muriel_Bowser_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Muriel_Bowser_official_photo.jpg/340px-Muriel_Bowser_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Bowser" title="Muriel Bowser">Muriel Bowser</a>, D.C.'s mayor, took office in 2015.</figcaption></figure> The mayor and council set local taxes and a budget, which Congress must approve. The <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a> and other analysts have estimated that the city's high percentage of tax-exempt property and the Congressional prohibition of commuter taxes create a structural deficit in the district's local budget of anywhere between $470 million and over $1 billion per year. Congress typically provides additional grants for federal programs such as <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a> and the operation of the <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Revitalization_and_Self-Government_Improvement_Act_of_1997" title="National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997">local justice system</a>; however, analysts claim that the payments do not fully resolve the imbalance.<a href="#cite_note-DCAppleseed-284">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-GAO-285">[276]</a> The city's local government, particularly during the mayoralty of <a href="/wiki/Marion_Barry" title="Marion Barry">Marion Barry</a>, has been criticized for mismanagement and waste.<a href="#cite_note-286">[277]</a> During his administration in 1989, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly" title="Washington Monthly">Washington Monthly</a> magazine labeled the district "the worst city government in America".<a href="#cite_note-287">[278]</a> In 1995, at the start of Barry's fourth term, Congress created the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Financial_Control_Board" title="District of Columbia Financial Control Board">District of Columbia Financial Control Board</a> to oversee all municipal spending.<a href="#cite_note-288">[279]</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Anthony_A._Williams" title="Anthony A. Williams">Anthony Williams</a> won election in 1998 and oversaw a period of <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> and budget surpluses.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The district regained control over its finances in 2001 and the oversight board's operations were suspended.<a href="#cite_note-289">[280]</a> The district has a federally funded "Emergency Planning and Security Fund" to cover security related to visits by foreign leaders and diplomats, presidential inaugurations, protests, and terrorism concerns. During the Trump administration, the fund has run with a deficit. Trump's January 2017 inauguration cost the city $27 million; of that, $7 million was never repaid to the fund. Trump's 2019 Independence Day event, "A Salute to America", cost six times more than Independence Day events in past years.<a href="#cite_note-290">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homelessness">Homelessness</h3></div> The city passed a law that requires shelter to be provided to everyone in need when the temperature drops below freezing.<a href="#cite_note-291">[282]</a> Since D.C. does not have enough shelter units available, every winter it books hotel rooms in the suburbs with an average cost of around $100 for a night. According to the D.C. Department of Human Services, during the winter of 2012 the city spent $2,544,454 on putting homeless families in hotels,<a href="#cite_note-292">[283]</a> and budgeted $3.2 million on hotel beds in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-293">[284]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Federal_voting_rights">Federal voting rights</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_voting_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia voting rights">District of Columbia voting rights</a>; <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Political party strength in Washington, D.C.">Political party strength in Washington, D.C.</a>; and <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_federal_voting_rights" title="District of Columbia federal voting rights">District of Columbia federal voting rights</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington,_D.C._license_plate,_2017.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2017.png/220px-Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2017.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="214"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 109px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2017.png/220px-Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2017.png" data-width="220" data-height="109" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2017.png/330px-Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2017.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Washington%2C_D.C._license_plate%2C_2017.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The city's <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Vehicle registration plates of Washington, D.C.">license plate</a> calls for an end to taxation without representation.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WashMonument_WhiteHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/WashMonument_WhiteHouse.jpg/220px-WashMonument_WhiteHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/WashMonument_WhiteHouse.jpg/220px-WashMonument_WhiteHouse.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/WashMonument_WhiteHouse.jpg/330px-WashMonument_WhiteHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/WashMonument_WhiteHouse.jpg/440px-WashMonument_WhiteHouse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Washington Monument and the White House. Since 1961 the city's residents can vote for the President and Vice President, who is also the President of the Senate</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_Lincoln_v2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Abraham_Lincoln_v2.jpg/220px-Abraham_Lincoln_v2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="2812"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 232px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Abraham_Lincoln_v2.jpg/220px-Abraham_Lincoln_v2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="232" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Abraham_Lincoln_v2.jpg/330px-Abraham_Lincoln_v2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Abraham_Lincoln_v2.jpg/440px-Abraham_Lincoln_v2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Stature of Lincoln at the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a></figcaption></figure> Congress controlled the Federal District from its establishment, and did not make a provision for federal representation of the people living there. That changed in 1961, when the 23rd amendment was ratified by the states, and Washington, D.C. was granted three electoral college votes in each presidential election. In 1978 another amendment was passed but not ratified by the states to grant D.C. congressional representation. In 2021, a bill to make D.C. a state passed the House of Representatives but not Senate. Congress has the power to add a state, but an amendment must be ratified by the states. Washington, D.C. is not a state and therefore has no federal voting representation in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>. The city's residents elect a <a href="/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of representatives">non-voting delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> (<a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="District of Columbia's at-large congressional district">D.C. at-large</a>), who may sit on committees, participate in debate, and introduce legislation, but cannot vote on the <a href="/wiki/Floor_(legislative)" title="Floor (legislative)">House floor</a>. The district has no official representation in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. Neither chamber seats the district's elected <a href="/wiki/Shadow_congressperson" title="Shadow congressperson">"shadow" representative or senators</a>. Unlike residents of <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">U.S. territories</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> or <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, which also have non-voting delegates, D.C. residents are subject to all federal taxes.<a href="#cite_note-294">[285]</a> In the financial year 2012, D.C. residents and businesses paid $20.7 billion in federal taxes, more than the taxes collected from 19 states and the highest <a href="/wiki/Federal_tax_revenue_by_state" title="Federal tax revenue by state">federal taxes per capita</a>.<a href="#cite_note-295">[286]</a> A 2005 poll found that 78% of Americans did not know residents of Washington, D.C., have less representation in Congress than residents of the 50 states.<a href="#cite_note-votepoll-296">[287]</a> Efforts to raise awareness about the issue have included campaigns by <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> organizations and featuring the city's unofficial motto, "<a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">End Taxation Without Representation</a>", on <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Vehicle registration plates of Washington, D.C.">D.C. vehicle license plates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[288]</a> There is evidence of nationwide approval for D.C. voting rights; various polls indicate that 61 to 82% of Americans believe D.C. should have voting representation in Congress.<a href="#cite_note-votepoll-296">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[289]</a> Opponents to federal voting rights for Washington, D.C., propose that the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a> never intended for district residents to have a vote in Congress since the Constitution makes clear that representation must come from the states. Those opposed to making the District of Columbia a state say such a move would destroy the notion of a separate national capital and that statehood would unfairly grant Senate representation to a single city.<a href="#cite_note-299">[290]</a> The District was granted presidential voting rights by the 23rd Amendment in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-300">[291]</a> The <a href="/wiki/23rd_Amendment" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="23rd Amendment">23rd Amendment</a> was ratified which granted the people of the Washington, D.C., the right to vote for the president. This was done by giving them electoral college votes they would get if they were a state, but it must be no more than the least a state has; this works out to three electoral college votes. The amendment reads, ".. A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State".<a href="#cite_note-301">[292]</a> The 23rd Amendment could complicate statehood, because it would apply even if the federal district was shrunk, and undoing the amendment requires another amendment.<a href="#cite_note-sthd101-63">[61]</a> Congress must operate from a district it controls, but it can be no larger than ten miles on a side; the 2021 statehood bill got around this by proposing the federal district be shrunk to an area roughly the size of the national mall.<a href="#cite_note-sthd101-63">[61]</a> In 2021, Senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> made known his non-support of the <a href="/wiki/DC_Admission_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="DC Admission Act">D.C. Statehood bill</a> that had passed the House of Representatives, and suggested that D.C. could instead be given statehood by constitutional amendment.<a href="#cite_note-din-302">[293]</a> He was concerned about complications from the 23rd amendment and said the bill would likely end up in court, adding that the correct way was to propose a constitutional amendment and let the nation vote on it.<a href="#cite_note-din-302">[293]</a> In 1978 the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Voting_Rights_Amendment" title="District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment">District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment</a> was passed, which would have granted D.C. Congressional representation, but it expired in 1986 without being ratified into law.<a href="#cite_note-303">[294]</a> In 2021 a bill was introduced to congress for <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_retrocession" title="District of Columbia retrocession">retroceding the district</a> to Maryland.<a href="#cite_note-304">[295]</a> The idea is by returning the area to Maryland, the residents would have normal State represenation.<a href="#cite_note-305">[296]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Public_Schools" title="District of Columbia Public Schools">District of Columbia Public Schools</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_parochial_and_private_schools_in_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="List of parochial and private schools in Washington, D.C.">List of parochial and private schools in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duke_Ellington_School_of_the_Arts,_Georgetown,_Washington,_DC_(39642750063)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Duke_Ellington_School_of_the_Arts%2C_Georgetown%2C_Washington%2C_DC_%2839642750063%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Duke_Ellington_School_of_the_Arts%2C_Georgetown%2C_Washington%2C_DC_%2839642750063%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3255" data-file-height="2095"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Duke_Ellington_School_of_the_Arts%2C_Georgetown%2C_Washington%2C_DC_%2839642750063%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Duke_Ellington_School_of_the_Arts%2C_Georgetown%2C_Washington%2C_DC_%2839642750063%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Duke_Ellington_School_of_the_Arts%2C_Georgetown%2C_Washington%2C_DC_%2839642750063%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Duke_Ellington_School_of_the_Arts%2C_Georgetown%2C_Washington%2C_DC_%2839642750063%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Duke_Ellington_School_of_the_Arts%2C_Georgetown%2C_Washington%2C_DC_%2839642750063%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Duke_Ellington_School_of_the_Arts%2C_Georgetown%2C_Washington%2C_DC_%2839642750063%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington_School_of_the_Arts" title="Duke Ellington School of the Arts">Duke Ellington School of the Arts</a>, a public <a href="/wiki/Magnet_school" title="Magnet school">magnet school</a> in the city</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Public_Schools" title="District of Columbia Public Schools">District of Columbia Public Schools</a> (DCPS), the sole public school district in the city,<a href="#cite_note-306">[297]</a> operates the city's 123 public schools.<a href="#cite_note-dcps-307">[298]</a> The number of students in DCPS steadily decreased for 39 years until 2009. In the 2010–11 school year, 46,191 students were enrolled in the public school system.<a href="#cite_note-DCenroll-308">[299]</a> DCPS has one of the highest-cost, yet lowest-performing school systems in the country, in terms of both infrastructure and student achievement.<a href="#cite_note-309">[300]</a> Mayor Adrian Fenty's administration made sweeping changes to the system by closing schools, replacing teachers, firing principals, and using private education firms to aid curriculum development.<a href="#cite_note-310">[301]</a> The <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Public_Charter_School_Board" title="District of Columbia Public Charter School Board">District of Columbia Public Charter School Board</a> monitors the 52 public charter schools in the city.<a href="#cite_note-311">[302]</a> Due to the perceived problems with the traditional public school system, enrollment in public <a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">charter schools</a> had by 2007 steadily increased.<a href="#cite_note-312">[303]</a> As of 2010, D.C., charter schools had a total enrollment of about 32,000, a 9% increase from the prior year.<a href="#cite_note-DCenroll-308">[299]</a> The district is also home to 92 private schools, which enrolled approximately 18,000 students in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-313">[304]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of colleges and universities in Washington, D.C.">List of colleges and universities in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Healy_Hall_Georgetown_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Healy_Hall_Georgetown_University.jpg/220px-Healy_Hall_Georgetown_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1926" data-file-height="1632"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 186px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Healy_Hall_Georgetown_University.jpg/220px-Healy_Hall_Georgetown_University.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="186" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Healy_Hall_Georgetown_University.jpg/330px-Healy_Hall_Georgetown_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Healy_Hall_Georgetown_University.jpg/440px-Healy_Hall_Georgetown_University.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>, founded in 1789, is the city's oldest university.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="University of the District of Columbia">University of the District of Columbia</a> (UDC) is a public <a href="/wiki/Land-grant_university" title="Land-grant university">land-grant university</a> providing undergraduate and graduate education.<a href="#cite_note-314">[305]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_charter#Federal" title="University charter">Federally chartered universities</a> include <a href="/wiki/American_University" title="American University">American University</a> (AU), <a href="/wiki/Gallaudet_University" title="Gallaudet University">Gallaudet University</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> (GWU), <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> (GU), and <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a> (HU). Other private universities include the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America" title="Catholic University of America">Catholic University of America</a> (CUA), the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Nitze_School_of_Advanced_International_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies">Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies</a> (SAIS), and <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Washington_University" title="Trinity Washington University">Trinity Washington University</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Corcoran_College_of_Art_and_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Corcoran College of Art and Design">Corcoran College of Art and Design</a>, the oldest art school in the capital, was absorbed into the George Washington University in 2014, now serving as its college of arts.<a href="#cite_note-315">[306]</a> The city's medical research institutions include <a href="/wiki/Washington_Hospital_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Hospital Center">Washington Hospital Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_National_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's National Medical Center">Children's National Medical Center</a>. The city is home to three medical schools and associated teaching hospitals: George Washington, Georgetown, and Howard universities.<a href="#cite_note-316">[307]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3></div> Washington, D.C., has dozens of public and private libraries and <a href="/wiki/Library_system" title="Library system">library systems</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Public_Library" title="District of Columbia Public Library">District of Columbia Public Library</a> <a href="/wiki/Library_system" title="Library system">system</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a>, a research library and museum located in the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a> neighborhood, houses the world's largest collection of material related to <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-317">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Library_of_Congress">Library of Congress</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg/220px-LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6144" data-file-height="4098"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg/220px-LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg/330px-LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg/440px-LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_libraries" title="List of largest libraries">world's largest library</a> with more than 167 million cataloged items and the nation's oldest cultural institution<a href="#cite_note-318">[309]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Research_library" title="Research library">research</a> <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a> that officially serves the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> and is the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> <a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">national library</a> of the United States. It is a complex of three buildings: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Building" title="Thomas Jefferson Building">Thomas Jefferson Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Building" title="John Adams Building">John Adams Building</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Memorial_Building" title="James Madison Memorial Building">James Madison Memorial Building</a>, all located in the <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a> neighborhood. The Jefferson Building houses the library's reading room, a copy of the <a href="/wiki/Gutenberg_Bible" title="Gutenberg Bible">Gutenberg Bible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>'s original library, and several museum exhibits.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="District_of_Columbia_Public_Library">District of Columbia Public Library</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Public_Library" title="District of Columbia Public Library">District of Columbia Public Library</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Public_Library" title="District of Columbia Public Library">District of Columbia Public Library</a> operates 26 neighborhood locations including the landmark <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial_Library" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library">Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library</a>.<a href="#cite_note-319">[310]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Media in Washington, D.C.">Media in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of newspapers in Washington, D.C.">List of newspapers in Washington, D.C.</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of films set in Washington, D.C.">List of films set in Washington, D.C.</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_shows_set_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of television shows set in Washington, D.C.">List of television shows set in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franklin_Park_%26_One_Franklin_Square_-_Washington,_D.C..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Franklin_Park_%26_One_Franklin_Square_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/220px-Franklin_Park_%26_One_Franklin_Square_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3220" data-file-height="2310"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 158px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Franklin_Park_%26_One_Franklin_Square_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/220px-Franklin_Park_%26_One_Franklin_Square_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg" data-width="220" data-height="158" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Franklin_Park_%26_One_Franklin_Square_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/330px-Franklin_Park_%26_One_Franklin_Square_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Franklin_Park_%26_One_Franklin_Square_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg/440px-Franklin_Park_%26_One_Franklin_Square_-_Washington%2C_D.C..jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/One_Franklin_Square" title="One Franklin Square">One Franklin Square</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Downtown (Washington, D.C.)">Downtown</a>, hosts the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.</figcaption></figure> Washington, D.C., is a prominent center for national and international media. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, founded in 1877, is the city's most-read local daily newspaper[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and one of the preeminent newspapers in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-320">[311]</a> It had the sixth-highest readership of all news dailies in the country in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-321">[312]</a> The Post previously also published the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>-language newspaper <a href="/wiki/El_Tiempo_Latino" title="El Tiempo Latino">El Tiempo Latino</a>, which it sold to <a href="/wiki/El_Planeta_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="El Planeta Media">El Planeta Media</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-322">[313]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a> is a general interest daily newspaper and popular among <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-323">[314]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Alternative_newspaper" title="Alternative newspaper">alternative weekly</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_City_Paper" title="Washington City Paper">Washington City Paper</a>, with a circulation of 47,000, is also based in the city and has a substantial readership in the Washington area.<a href="#cite_note-324">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[316]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> magazine, which has covered politics, international affairs, and cultural issues since 1857, was previously headquartered at the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_complex" title="Watergate complex">Watergate complex</a> but is now headquartered in a building at <a href="/wiki/The_Wharf_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="The Wharf (Washington, D.C.)">the Wharf</a> in Washington.<a href="#cite_note-326">[317]</a> Several community and specialty papers focus on neighborhood and cultural issues, including the weekly <a href="/wiki/Washington_Blade" title="Washington Blade">Washington Blade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metro_Weekly" title="Metro Weekly">Metro Weekly</a>, which focus on LGBT issues; the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Informer" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Informer">Washington Informer</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Afro_American" class="mw-redirect" title="The Washington Afro American">The Washington Afro American</a>, which highlight topics of interest to the black community; and neighborhood newspapers published by <a href="/wiki/The_Current_Newspapers" title="The Current Newspapers">The Current Newspapers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politico_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico (newspaper)">Politico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a> newspapers focus exclusively on issues related to Congress and the federal government. Other publications based in Washington include the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a> magazine and political publications such as <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Examiner" class="mw-redirect" title="The Washington Examiner">The Washington Examiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly" title="Washington Monthly">Washington Monthly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-327">[318]</a> <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>, which is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_States" title="List of newspapers in the United States">largest newspaper in the country as measured by circulation</a>, is headquartered in nearby <a href="/wiki/Tysons,_Virginia" title="Tysons, Virginia">Tysons, Virginia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-328">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[320]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BB_DC_set_election_11.16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BB_DC_set_election_11.16.jpg/220px-BB_DC_set_election_11.16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BB_DC_set_election_11.16.jpg/220px-BB_DC_set_election_11.16.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BB_DC_set_election_11.16.jpg/330px-BB_DC_set_election_11.16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BB_DC_set_election_11.16.jpg/440px-BB_DC_set_election_11.16.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> reporting from D.C. during the <a href="/wiki/2016_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 U.S. presidential election">2016 U.S. presidential election</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a> is the ninth-largest television media market in the nation, with two million homes, representing approximately 2% of the country's television market.<a href="#cite_note-330">[321]</a> Several media companies and cable television channels have their headquarters in the area, including <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_One_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio One (company)">Radio One</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Networks">Smithsonian Networks</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a> (NPR), <a href="/wiki/Travel_Channel" title="Travel Channel">Travel Channel</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Chevy_Chase,_Maryland" title="Chevy Chase, Maryland">Chevy Chase, Maryland</a>), <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Communications</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>), and <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>). The headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>, the U.S. government's international news service, is near the Capitol in Southwest Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-331">[322]</a> The city is served by two local NPR affiliates, <a href="/wiki/WAMU" title="WAMU">WAMU</a> and <a href="/wiki/WETA_(FM)" title="WETA (FM)">WETA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-332">[323]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Transportation in Washington, D.C.">Transportation in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Streets_and_highways">Streets and highways</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Streets_and_highways_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Streets and highways of Washington, D.C.">Streets and highways of Washington, D.C.</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_circles_in_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="List of circles in Washington, D.C.">List of circles in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_down_Pennsylvania_Avenue_NW_from_the_Old_Post_Office_Tower_-01-_(12798494884).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/View_down_Pennsylvania_Avenue_NW_from_the_Old_Post_Office_Tower_-01-_%2812798494884%29.jpg/220px-View_down_Pennsylvania_Avenue_NW_from_the_Old_Post_Office_Tower_-01-_%2812798494884%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2625"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/View_down_Pennsylvania_Avenue_NW_from_the_Old_Post_Office_Tower_-01-_%2812798494884%29.jpg/220px-View_down_Pennsylvania_Avenue_NW_from_the_Old_Post_Office_Tower_-01-_%2812798494884%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/View_down_Pennsylvania_Avenue_NW_from_the_Old_Post_Office_Tower_-01-_%2812798494884%29.jpg/330px-View_down_Pennsylvania_Avenue_NW_from_the_Old_Post_Office_Tower_-01-_%2812798494884%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/View_down_Pennsylvania_Avenue_NW_from_the_Old_Post_Office_Tower_-01-_%2812798494884%29.jpg/440px-View_down_Pennsylvania_Avenue_NW_from_the_Old_Post_Office_Tower_-01-_%2812798494884%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a>, one of the city's most prominent streets</figcaption></figure> There are 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of streets, parkways, and avenues in the district.<a href="#cite_note-333">[324]</a> Due to the <a href="/wiki/Highway_revolts_in_the_United_States" title="Highway revolts in the United States">freeway revolts</a> of the 1960s, much of the proposed <a href="/wiki/Interstate_highway_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate highway system">interstate highway system</a> through the middle of Washington was never built. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_the_District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 95 in the District of Columbia">Interstate 95</a> (I-95), the nation's major east coast highway, therefore bends around the district to form the eastern portion of the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Capital_Beltway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)">Capital Beltway</a>. A portion of the proposed highway funding was directed to the region's public transportation infrastructure instead.<a href="#cite_note-334">[325]</a> The interstate highways that continue into Washington, including <a href="/wiki/Interstate_66" title="Interstate 66">I-66</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_395_(Virginia%E2%80%93District_of_Columbia)" title="Interstate 395 (Virginia–District of Columbia)">I-395</a>, both terminate shortly after entering the city.<a href="#cite_note-335">[326]</a> According to a 2010 study, Washington-area commuters spent 70 hours a year in traffic delays, which tied with Chicago for having the nation's worst road congestion.<a href="#cite_note-336">[327]</a> However, 37% of Washington-area commuters take public transportation to work, the second-highest rate in the country.<a href="#cite_note-337">[328]</a> An additional 12% of D.C. commuters walked to work, 6% carpooled, and 3% traveled by bicycle in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-338">[329]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cycling">Cycling</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capital_Bikeshare_DC_2010_10_545.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Capital_Bikeshare_DC_2010_10_545.JPG/220px-Capital_Bikeshare_DC_2010_10_545.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Capital_Bikeshare_DC_2010_10_545.JPG/220px-Capital_Bikeshare_DC_2010_10_545.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Capital_Bikeshare_DC_2010_10_545.JPG/330px-Capital_Bikeshare_DC_2010_10_545.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Capital_Bikeshare_DC_2010_10_545.JPG/440px-Capital_Bikeshare_DC_2010_10_545.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Capital_Bikeshare" title="Capital Bikeshare">Capital Bikeshare</a> rental station near <a href="/wiki/McPherson_Square" title="McPherson Square">McPherson Square</a></figcaption></figure> In May 2022, the city celebrated the expansion of its <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">bike lane network</a> to 104 miles (167 km), a 60 percent increase from 2015. Of those miles, 24 miles (39 km) were <a href="/wiki/Protected_bike_lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected bike lane">protected bike lanes</a>. It also boasted 62 miles (100 km) of <a href="/wiki/Bike_trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike trail">bike trails</a>.<a href="#cite_note-339">[330]</a> As of March 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,_D.C.&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city has 108 miles (174 km) of bike lanes, with 30 miles (48 km) of them protected bike lanes.<a href="#cite_note-340">[331]</a> D.C. is part of the regional <a href="/wiki/Capital_Bikeshare" title="Capital Bikeshare">Capital Bikeshare</a> program. Started in 2010, it is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">bicycle sharing systems</a> in the country. As of February 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,_D.C.&action=edit">[update]</a>, the program had 6,372 bicycles and 395 stations.<a href="#cite_note-341">[332]</a> A preceding <a href="/wiki/SmartBike_DC" title="SmartBike DC">SmartBike DC</a> pilot program had begun in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-342">[333]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Walkability">Walkability</h4></div> A 2021 study by <a href="/wiki/Walk_Score" title="Walk Score">Walk Score</a> ranked Washington, D.C. the fifth-most walkable city in the country. According to the study, the most walkable neighborhoods are <a href="/wiki/U_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="U Street (Washington, D.C.)">U Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dupont_Circle" title="Dupont Circle">Dupont Circle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Square" title="Mount Vernon Square">Mount Vernon Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-343">[334]</a> In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Metropolitan Area">Washington Metropolitan Area</a> had the eighth lowest percentage of workers who commuted by private automobile (75.7 percent), with 8 percent of area workers traveling via rail transit.<a href="#cite_note-344">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="River_crossings">River crossings</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Potomac_River" title="List of crossings of the Potomac River">List of crossings of the Potomac River</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.">List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_Bridge_sunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Memorial_Bridge_sunrise.jpg/220px-Memorial_Bridge_sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1303" data-file-height="765"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 129px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Memorial_Bridge_sunrise.jpg/220px-Memorial_Bridge_sunrise.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="129" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Memorial_Bridge_sunrise.jpg/330px-Memorial_Bridge_sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Memorial_Bridge_sunrise.jpg/440px-Memorial_Bridge_sunrise.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Memorial_Bridge" title="Arlington Memorial Bridge">Memorial Bridge</a> connects the city across the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> with <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a>.</figcaption></figure> There are multiple transportation methods to cross the city's two rivers, the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anacostia_River" title="Anacostia River">Anacostia River</a>. There are numerous bridges that take cars, trains, pedestrians, and bikers across the rivers. Among these are <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Memorial_Bridge" title="Arlington Memorial Bridge">Arlington Memorial Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/14th_Street_Bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Street Bridges">14th Street Bridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key_Bridge_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Scott Key Bridge (Washington, D.C.)">Francis Scott Key Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Bridge" title="Theodore Roosevelt Bridge">Theodore Roosevelt Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Bridge" title="Woodrow Wilson Bridge">Woodrow Wilson Bridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Douglass Bridge">Frederick Douglass Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-345">[336]</a> There are also ferries and water cruises that cross the Potomac River. One of these is the Potomac Water Taxi, operated by <a href="/wiki/Hornblower_Cruises" title="Hornblower Cruises">Hornblower Cruises</a>, which goes between the <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Waterfront_Park" title="Georgetown Waterfront Park">Georgetown Waterfront</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wharf_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="The Wharf (Washington, D.C.)">the Wharf</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Alexandria" title="Old Town Alexandria">Old Town Alexandria</a> Waterfront, and <a href="/wiki/National_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="National Harbor">National Harbor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-346">[337]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail">Rail</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_railroads_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of railroads in Washington, D.C.">List of railroads in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farragut_West_DC_Metro_td_(2018-04-29)_052.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Farragut_West_DC_Metro_td_%282018-04-29%29_052.jpg/220px-Farragut_West_DC_Metro_td_%282018-04-29%29_052.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Farragut_West_DC_Metro_td_%282018-04-29%29_052.jpg/220px-Farragut_West_DC_Metro_td_%282018-04-29%29_052.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Farragut_West_DC_Metro_td_%282018-04-29%29_052.jpg/330px-Farragut_West_DC_Metro_td_%282018-04-29%29_052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Farragut_West_DC_Metro_td_%282018-04-29%29_052.jpg/440px-Farragut_West_DC_Metro_td_%282018-04-29%29_052.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_rapid_transit_systems_by_ridership" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States rapid transit systems by ridership">second-busiest</a> rapid rail system in the U.S. based on average weekday ridership, is known for its iconic vaulted ceilings</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area_Transit_Authority" title="Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority">Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority</a> (WMATA) operates the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a>, the city's <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> rail system. The system serves Washington, D.C. and its <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia" title="Northern Virginia">Northern Virginia</a> suburbs. Metro opened on March 27, 1976, and consists of six lines (each one color coded), <a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_Metro_stations" title="List of Washington Metro stations">98 stations</a>, and 129 miles (208 km) of track.<a href="#cite_note-347">[338]</a> Metro is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_rapid_transit_systems_by_ridership" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States rapid transit systems by ridership">second-busiest rapid transit system</a> in the country and <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_rapid_transit_systems_by_ridership" class="mw-redirect" title="List of North American rapid transit systems by ridership">fifth-busiest in North America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-348">[339]</a> It operates mostly as a deep-level <a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail_terminology#Subway" title="Passenger rail terminology">subway</a> in more densely populated parts of the D.C. metropolitan area (including most of the District itself), while most of the suburban tracks are at surface level or <a href="/wiki/Elevated_railway" title="Elevated railway">elevated</a>. Metro is known for its iconic <a href="/wiki/Brutalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Brutalism">brutalist-style</a> vaulted ceilings in the interior stations. It is also known for having long escalators in some of its underground stations. The longest single-tier escalator in the Western Hemisphere, spanning 230 feet (70 m), is located at Metro's <a href="/wiki/Wheaton_station_(Washington_Metro)" title="Wheaton station (Washington Metro)">Wheaton station</a> in Maryland.<a href="#cite_note-facts_2017-349">[340]</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Washington Union Station</a> is the city's main train station and serves approximately 70,000 people each day. It is <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>'s second-busiest station with 4.6 million passengers annually and is the southern terminus for the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a>, which carries long-distance and regional services to <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Station_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Station (New York City)">New York Penn Station</a> and points in New England. As of 2023, Union Station is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_railway_stations_in_North_America" title="List of busiest railway stations in North America">ninth-busiest rail station</a> in the nation and tenth-busiest in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Maryland's <a href="/wiki/MARC_Train" title="MARC Train">MARC</a> and Virginia's <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Railway_Express" title="Virginia Railway Express">VRE</a> commuter trains and the Metrorail <a href="/wiki/Red_Line_(Washington_Metro)" title="Red Line (Washington Metro)">Red Line</a> also provide service into Union Station.<a href="#cite_note-350">[341]</a> Following renovations in 2011, Union Station became Washington's primary <a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity bus">intercity bus</a> transit center.<a href="#cite_note-351">[342]</a> Although Washington, D.C. was known throughout the 19th and early- to mid-20th centuries for <a href="/wiki/Streetcars_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Streetcars in Washington, D.C.">its streetcars</a>, these lines were dismantled in the 1960s. In 2016, however, the city brought back a streetcar line, <a href="/wiki/DC_Streetcar" title="DC Streetcar">DC Streetcar</a>, which is a single line system in Northeast Washington, D.C., along <a href="/wiki/H_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="H Street (Washington, D.C.)">H Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benning_Road" title="Benning Road">Benning Road</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/H_Street/Benning_Road_Line" title="H Street/Benning Road Line">H Street/Benning Road Line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WAPO-352">[343]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bus">Bus</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metrobus_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Metrobus (Washington, D.C.)">Metrobus (Washington, D.C.)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WMATA_2015_New_Flyer_XDE60_5462.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/WMATA_2015_New_Flyer_XDE60_5462.jpg/220px-WMATA_2015_New_Flyer_XDE60_5462.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3214" data-file-height="1808"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/WMATA_2015_New_Flyer_XDE60_5462.jpg/220px-WMATA_2015_New_Flyer_XDE60_5462.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/WMATA_2015_New_Flyer_XDE60_5462.jpg/330px-WMATA_2015_New_Flyer_XDE60_5462.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/WMATA_2015_New_Flyer_XDE60_5462.jpg/440px-WMATA_2015_New_Flyer_XDE60_5462.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metrobus_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Metrobus (Washington, D.C.)">Metrobus</a>, operated by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area_Transit_Authority" title="Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority">Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority</a></figcaption></figure> Two main public bus systems operate in Washington, D.C. <a href="/wiki/Metrobus_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Metrobus (Washington, D.C.)">Metrobus</a>, operated by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area_Transit_Authority" title="Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority">Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority</a> (WMATA), is the primary public bus system in Washington, D.C. Serving more than 400,000 riders each weekday, it is one of the nation's <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_local_bus_agencies_by_ridership" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States local bus agencies by ridership">largest bus systems</a> by annual ridership.<a href="#cite_note-353">[344]</a> The city also operates its own <a href="/wiki/DC_Circulator" title="DC Circulator">DC Circulator</a> bus system, which connects commercial and touristic areas within central Washington.<a href="#cite_note-354">[345]</a> The DC Circulator costs only $1 to ride and is composed of six distinct routes that cover central D.C. and suburban <a href="/wiki/Rosslyn,_Virginia" title="Rosslyn, Virginia">Rosslyn, Virginia</a>. The DC Circulator is run via a public-private partnership between the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Department_of_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia Department of Transportation">District of Columbia Department of Transportation</a>, WMATA, and DC Surface Transit, Inc. (DCST). The bus system services each stop approximately every 10 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-355">[346]</a> Many other public bus systems operate in the various jurisdictions of the Washington region outside of the city in suburban Maryland and Virginia. Among these are the <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Connector" title="Fairfax Connector">Fairfax Connector</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a>; <a href="/wiki/DASH_(bus)" title="DASH (bus)">DASH</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a>; and <a href="/wiki/TheBus_(Prince_George%27s_County)" title="TheBus (Prince George's County)">TheBus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County,_Maryland" title="Prince George's County, Maryland">Prince George's County, Maryland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-356">[347]</a> There are also numerous commuter buses that residents of the wider Washington region take to commute into the city for work or other events. Among these are the <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County_Transit" title="Loudoun County Transit">Loudoun County Transit</a> Commuter Bus and the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Transit_Administration" title="Maryland Transit Administration">Maryland Transit Administration</a> Commuter Bus.<a href="#cite_note-357">[348]</a> The city also has several bus lines used by tourists and others visiting the city, including <a href="/wiki/Big_Bus_Tours" title="Big Bus Tours">Big Bus Tours</a>, Old Town Trolley Tours, and DC Trails. Many tourists also arrive via charter buses.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air">Air</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Aviation in Washington, D.C.">Aviation in Washington, D.C.</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_serving_Washington,_D.C." title="List of airports serving Washington, D.C.">List of airports serving Washington, D.C.</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_heliports_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of heliports in Washington, D.C.">List of heliports in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NewConcourse-RonaldReaganWashingtonNationalAirport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NewConcourse-RonaldReaganWashingtonNationalAirport.jpg/220px-NewConcourse-RonaldReaganWashingtonNationalAirport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="847"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NewConcourse-RonaldReaganWashingtonNationalAirport.jpg/220px-NewConcourse-RonaldReaganWashingtonNationalAirport.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NewConcourse-RonaldReaganWashingtonNationalAirport.jpg/330px-NewConcourse-RonaldReaganWashingtonNationalAirport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/NewConcourse-RonaldReaganWashingtonNationalAirport.jpg/440px-NewConcourse-RonaldReaganWashingtonNationalAirport.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport" title="Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport">Reagan Washington National Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a> is the closest airport to the city among the three major <a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington metropolitan area</a> airports.</figcaption></figure> Three major airports serve the district, though none are within the city's borders. Two of these major airports are located in suburban <a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia" title="Northern Virginia">Northern Virginia</a> and one in suburban <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>. The closest is <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport" title="Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport">Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport</a>, which is located in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>, just across the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> about 5 miles (8 km) from downtown Washington, D.C. This airport provides primarily domestic flights and has the lowest number of passengers of the three airports in the region. The busiest by number of total passengers is <a href="/wiki/Baltimore/Washington_International_Airport" title="Baltimore/Washington International Airport">Baltimore/Washington International Airport</a> (BWI), located in <a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County,_Maryland" title="Anne Arundel County, Maryland">Anne Arundel County</a>, Maryland about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of the city.<a href="#cite_note-358">[349]</a> The busiest by international flights and the largest by land size and amount of facilities is <a href="/wiki/Dulles_International_Airport" title="Dulles International Airport">Washington Dulles International Airport</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Dulles,_Virginia" title="Dulles, Virginia">Dulles, Virginia</a>, about 24 miles (39 km) west of the city.<a href="#cite_note-359">[350]</a> Dulles has the most international passenger traffic of any airport in the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a> outside the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>, including approximately 90% of the international passenger traffic in the <a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Baltimore_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington–Baltimore metropolitan area">Washington-Baltimore region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ACI-360">[351]</a> Each of these three airports also serves as a hub for a major American airline: Reagan National Airport is a hub for <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a>,<a href="#cite_note-361">[352]</a> Dulles is a major hub for <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star_Alliance" title="Star Alliance">Star Alliance</a> partners,<a href="#cite_note-362">[353]</a> and BWI is an operating base for <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Airlines" title="Southwest Airlines">Southwest Airlines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-363">[354]</a> In 2018, the Washington, D.C. area was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_city_airport_systems_by_passenger_traffic" title="List of busiest city airport systems by passenger traffic">18th-busiest airport system in the world</a> by passenger traffic, accumulating over 74 million passengers between its three main commercial airports; by 2022 it had climbed to 13th-busiest for passenger traffic, even though passenger numbers decreased to less than 69 million.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> does not use any of these airports for travel. Instead, the U.S. president typically travels by <a href="/wiki/Marine_One" title="Marine One">Marine One</a> from the <a href="/wiki/South_Lawn" title="South Lawn">South Lawn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> to <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Andrews" title="Joint Base Andrews">Joint Base Andrews</a> in suburban Maryland. From there, he takes <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a> to his destination.<a href="#cite_note-364">[355]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Plains_WWTP_-_aerial_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Blue_Plains_WWTP_-_aerial_2016.jpg/220px-Blue_Plains_WWTP_-_aerial_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="457"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 175px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Blue_Plains_WWTP_-_aerial_2016.jpg/220px-Blue_Plains_WWTP_-_aerial_2016.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="175" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Blue_Plains_WWTP_-_aerial_2016.jpg/330px-Blue_Plains_WWTP_-_aerial_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Blue_Plains_WWTP_-_aerial_2016.jpg/440px-Blue_Plains_WWTP_-_aerial_2016.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Blue_Plains_Advanced_Wastewater_Treatment_Plant" title="Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant">Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant</a> in D.C. is the largest <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment#Tertiary_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">advanced</a> wastewater treatment facility in the world.<a href="#cite_note-365">[356]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Water_and_Sewer_Authority" title="District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority">District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority</a>, also known as WASA or D.C. Water, is an independent authority of the Washington, D.C., government that provides drinking water and wastewater collection in the city. WASA purchases water from the historic <a href="/wiki/Washington_Aqueduct" title="Washington Aqueduct">Washington Aqueduct</a>, which is operated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Army Corps of Engineers</a>. The water, sourced from the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>, is treated and stored in the city's <a href="/wiki/Dalecarlia_Reservoir" title="Dalecarlia Reservoir">Dalecarlia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Reservoir" title="Georgetown Reservoir">Georgetown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/McMillan_Reservoir" title="McMillan Reservoir">McMillan</a> reservoirs. The aqueduct provides drinking water for a total of 1.1 million people in the district and Virginia, including Arlington, Falls Church, and a portion of Fairfax County.<a href="#cite_note-366">[357]</a> The authority also provides <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">sewage treatment</a> services for an additional 1.6 million people in four surrounding Maryland and Virginia counties.<a href="#cite_note-367">[358]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pepco" title="Pepco">Pepco</a> is the city's electric utility and services 793,000 customers in the district and suburban Maryland.<a href="#cite_note-368">[359]</a> An 1889 law prohibits overhead wires within much of the historic City of Washington. As a result, all power lines and telecommunication cables are located underground in downtown Washington, and traffic signals are placed at the edge of the street.<a href="#cite_note-369">[360]</a> A 2013 plan would bury an additional 60 miles (97 km) of primary power lines throughout the district.<a href="#cite_note-370">[361]</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_Gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Gas">Washington Gas</a> is the city's <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> utility and serves more than a million customers in the district and its suburbs. Incorporated by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> in 1848, the company installed the city's first gas lights in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, and along <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-371">[362]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Crime_and_police">Crime and police</h2></div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Crime in Washington, D.C.">Crime in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the District of Columbia">List of law enforcement agencies in the District of Columbia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MPDC.MFL.WDC.19January2018_(39879686101).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/MPDC.MFL.WDC.19January2018_%2839879686101%29.jpg/220px-MPDC.MFL.WDC.19January2018_%2839879686101%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/MPDC.MFL.WDC.19January2018_%2839879686101%29.jpg/220px-MPDC.MFL.WDC.19January2018_%2839879686101%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/MPDC.MFL.WDC.19January2018_%2839879686101%29.jpg/330px-MPDC.MFL.WDC.19January2018_%2839879686101%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/MPDC.MFL.WDC.19January2018_%2839879686101%29.jpg/440px-MPDC.MFL.WDC.19January2018_%2839879686101%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia">Washington, D.C., police</a> on <a href="/wiki/Harley-Davidson" title="Harley-Davidson">Harley-Davidson</a> motorcycles escort the <a href="/wiki/March_for_Life_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="March for Life (Washington, D.C.)">March for Life</a> protest on <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Avenue" title="Constitution Avenue">Constitution Avenue</a> in January 2018.</figcaption></figure> Washington has historically endured high crime, particularly violent offences. The city was once described as the "murder capital" of the United States during the early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-372">[363]</a> The number of murders peaked in 1991 at 479, but then began to decline,<a href="#cite_note-373">[364]</a> reaching a historic low of 88 in 2012, the lowest total since 1961.<a href="#cite_note-374">[365]</a> In 2016, the district's Metropolitan Police Department tallied 135 homicides, a 53% increase from 2012 but a 17% decrease from 2015.<a href="#cite_note-375">[366]</a> By 2019, citywide reports of both property and violent crimes declined from their most recent highs in the mid-1990s.<a href="#cite_note-376">[367]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] However, both 2021 and 2022 saw over 200 homicides each, reflecting an upward trends from prior decades.<a href="#cite_note-377">[368]</a> In 2023, D.C. recorded 274 homicides, a 20-year high and the fifth-highest murder rate among the nation's largest cities.<a href="#cite_note-378">[369]</a> Many D.C. residents began to press the city government for refusing to prosecute nearly 70% of arrested offenders in 2022. After months of criticism, the rate of unprosecuted cases dropped to 56% by October 2023—albeit still higher than nine of the past 10 years and almost twice what it was in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-379">[370]</a> In February 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">Council of the District of Columbia</a> passed a major bill meant to reduce crime in the city by introducing harsher penalties for arrested offenders.<a href="#cite_note-380">[371]</a> Rising crime and gang activities contributed to some local businesses leaving the city.<a href="#cite_note-381">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-382">[373]</a> According to a 2018 report, 67,000 residents, or about 10% of the population, are ex-convicts.<a href="#cite_note-383">[374]</a> An estimated 2,000–2,500 offenders return to the city from prison every year.<a href="#cite_note-384">[375]</a> On June 26, 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> held in <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_v._Heller" title="District of Columbia v. Heller">District of Columbia v. Heller</a> that the city's 1976 <a href="/wiki/Firearms_Control_Regulations_Act_of_1975" title="Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975">handgun ban</a> violated the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">right to keep and bear arms</a> as protected under the <a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Second Amendment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-385">[376]</a> However, the ruling does not prohibit all forms of gun control; laws requiring firearm registration remain in place, as does the city's assault weapon ban.<a href="#cite_note-386">[377]</a> In addition to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia">Metropolitan Police Department</a>, several <a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">federal law enforcement agencies</a> have jurisdiction in the city, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">U.S. Park Police</a>, founded in 1791.<a href="#cite_note-387">[378]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="D.C._National_Guard">D.C. National Guard</h2></div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Posse_Comitatus_Act" title="Posse Comitatus Act">Posse Comitatus Act</a></div> Due to its serving a Federal District, the President of the United States has power the deploy the <a href="/wiki/D.C._National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="D.C. National Guard">D.C. National Guard</a> independent of the home rule–based city officials. The President also has the power to take over the police force in emergency situations.<a href="#cite_note-388">[379]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2></div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> Washington, D.C., has fifteen official <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister city</a> agreements. Each of the listed cities is a national capital except for Sunderland, which includes the town of <a href="/wiki/Washington,_Tyne_and_Wear" title="Washington, Tyne and Wear">Washington</a>, the ancestral home of George Washington's family.<a href="#cite_note-Sunderland-389">[380]</a> Paris and Rome are each formally recognized as a partner city due to their special one sister city policy.<a href="#cite_note-ParisRome-390">[381]</a> Listed in the order each agreement was first established, they are: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (1962, renewed 2002 and 2012)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> (1980, renewed 2006)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (1984, renewed 2004 and 2012)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (1985, renewed 2002 and 2011)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> (2000)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (2000 as a friendship and cooperation agreement, renewed 2005)<a href="#cite_note-ParisRome-390">[381]</a><a href="#cite_note-391">[382]</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> (2002, renewed 2008 and 2011)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> (2006)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> (2006)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Sunderland,_Tyne_and_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunderland, Tyne and Wear">Sunderland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (2006, renewed 2012)<a href="#cite_note-Sunderland-389">[380]</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (2011, renewed 2013)<a href="#cite_note-ParisRome-390">[381]</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (2011)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (2013)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> (2013)<a href="#cite_note-392">[383]</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/21px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/21px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/32px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/42px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Washington,_D.C." title="Portal:Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/29px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Washington,_D.C." title="List of people from Washington, D.C.">List of people from Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Washington,_D.C.%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Washington, D.C.–related articles">Index of Washington, D.C.–related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Outline of Washington, D.C.">Outline of Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_District_of_Columbia_(SSBN-826)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS District of Columbia (SSBN-826)">USS District of Columbia</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(18)"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-18 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-18"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> By 1790, the Southern states had largely repaid their overseas debts from the Revolutionary War. The Northern states had not and wanted the federal government to take over their outstanding liabilities. Southern Congressmen agreed to the plan in return for establishing the new national capital at their preferred site on the Potomac River.<a href="#cite_note-Crew124-24">[24]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> The Residence Act allowed the President to select a location within Maryland as far east as the <a href="/wiki/Anacostia_River" title="Anacostia River">Anacostia River</a>. However, Washington shifted the federal territory's borders to the southeast and rotated them to include <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a> at the district's southern tip. In 1791, Congress amended the Residence Act to approve the new site, including territory ceded by Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-Crew89-26">[25]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Official records for Washington, D.C. were kept at 24th and M Streets <a href="/wiki/Northwest,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest, Washington, D.C.">NW</a> from January 1872 to June 1945, and at Reagan National Airport since July 1945.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Apportionment totals are collected by combining Resident and Overseas population. (For D.C., this is 689545 residents and 1988 overseas population.) </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Until 1890, the Census Bureau counted the City of Washington, <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)">Georgetown</a>, and unincorporated portions of <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_D.C." title="Washington County, D.C.">Washington County</a> as three separate areas. The data provided in this article from before 1890 are calculated as if the District of Columbia were a single municipality as it is today. Population data for each city prior to 1890 are available.<a href="#cite_note-133">[128]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-fifteen-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_138-1">b</a> From 15% sample </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territories of the United States</a> have the highest poverty rates in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-160">[153]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> Defined as "members, children who are not members, and others who are not members but are considered participants in the congregation".<a href="#cite_note-ARDA-165">[157]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(19)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-19 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-19"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWysong2019" class="citation news cs1">Wysong, Lori (July 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boundarystones.weta.org/2019/07/15/washingtons-official-song">"Why You've Probably Never Heard Washington's "Official" Song"</a>. Boundary Stones. <a href="/wiki/WETA_(FM)" title="WETA (FM)">WETA</a>. Retrieved August 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boundary+Stones&rft.atitle=Why+You%27ve+Probably+Never+Heard+Washington%27s+%22Official%22+Song&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft.aulast=Wysong&rft.aufirst=Lori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboundarystones.weta.org%2F2019%2F07%2F15%2Fwashingtons-official-song&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dccouncil.gov/councilmembers/">Councilmembers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320152447/https://dccouncil.gov/councilmembers/">Archived</a> March 20, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Washington, D.C. Accessed March 20, 2023. "Thirteen Members make up the Council: a representative elected from each of the eight wards; and five members, including the Chairman, elected at-large." </li> <li id="cite_note-QuickFacts-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/washingtoncitydistrictofcolumbia/PST045222">"QuickFacts: Washington city, District of Columbia"</a>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128071356/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/washingtoncitydistrictofcolumbia/PST045222">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2023. Retrieved January 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QuickFacts%3A+Washington+city%2C+District+of+Columbia&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fwashingtoncitydistrictofcolumbia%2FPST045222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopEstimates-4"><a href="#cite_ref-PopEstimates_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-counties-total.html#v2023">"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties in District of Columbia: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023 (CO-EST2023-POP-11)"</a>. 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Retrieved March 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Estimates+of+the+Resident+Population+for+Counties+in+District+of+Columbia%3A+April+1%2C+2020+to+July+1%2C+2023+%28CO-EST2023-POP-11%29&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2020s-counties-total.html%23v2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-urban_area-5"><a href="#cite_ref-urban_area_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html">"List of 2020 Census Urban Areas"</a>. census.gov. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114022812/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2023. Retrieved January 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov&rft.atitle=List+of+2020+Census+Urban+Areas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fgeography%2Fguidance%2Fgeo-areas%2Furban-rural.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MetroEst-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MetroEst_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MetroEst_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html#v2023">"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023 (CBSA-MET-EST2023-POP)"</a>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314142116/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html#v2023">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2024. Retrieved March 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Estimates+of+the+Resident+Population+for+Metropolitan+Statistical+Areas+in+the+United+States+and+Puerto+Rico%3A+April+1%2C+2020+to+July+1%2C+2023+%28CBSA-MET-EST2023-POP%29&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2Ftime-series%2Fdemo%2Fpopest%2F2020s-total-metro-and-micro-statistical-areas.html%23v2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunner2023" class="citation news cs1">Brunner, Rob (April 4, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonian.com/2023/04/04/who-should-be-called-a-washingtonian/">"Who Should Be Called a 'Washingtonian'?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washingtonian_(magazine)" title="Washingtonian (magazine)">Washingtonian</a>. Retrieved August 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washingtonian&rft.atitle=Who+Should+Be+Called+a+%27Washingtonian%27%3F&rft.date=2023-04-04&rft.aulast=Brunner&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonian.com%2F2023%2F04%2F04%2Fwho-should-be-called-a-washingtonian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bea.gov-8"><a href="#cite_ref-bea.gov_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DCNGSP">"Gross Domestic Product: All Industry Total in the District of Columbia"</a>. fred.stlouisfed.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fred.stlouisfed.org&rft.atitle=Gross+Domestic+Product%3A+All+Industry+Total+in+the+District+of+Columbia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Fseries%2FDCNGSP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP47900">"Total Gross Domestic Product for Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV (MSA)"</a>. fred.stlouisfed.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231113181352/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP47900">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fred.stlouisfed.org&rft.atitle=Total+Gross+Domestic+Product+for+Washington-Arlington-Alexandria%2C+DC-VA-MD-WV+%28MSA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Fseries%2FNGMP47900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dcist.com/story/21/04/05/dc-new-area-code-771-to-start-in-november-2021/">D.C.'s New (771) Area Code Will Start Being Assigned In November</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426175047/https://dcist.com/story/21/04/05/dc-new-area-code-771-to-start-in-november-2021/">Archived</a> April 26, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>(Retrieved April 26, 2021, from DCist.com) </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dcs-202-area-code-ending-its-73-year-run/2020/09/22/dcb59ef0-fcea-11ea-b555-4d71a9254f4b_story.html">771 will be new D.C. area code, supplementing venerable 202</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129071406/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dcs-202-area-code-ending-its-73-year-run/2020/09/22/dcb59ef0-fcea-11ea-b555-4d71a9254f4b_story.html">Archived</a> November 29, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>(Retrieved April 26, 2021, from Washington Post) </li> <li id="cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Commerce-12"><a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Commerce_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419231809/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/migration/metxmet/a47900.html">"Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. U.S. Department of Commerce. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/migration/metxmet/a47900.html">the original</a> on April 19, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Washington-Arlington-Alexandria%2C+DC-VA-MD-WV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fcen2000%2Fmigration%2Fmetxmet%2Fa47900.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroder1990" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_S._Broder" title="David S. Broder">Broder, David S.</a> (February 18, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/307230206">"Nation's Capital in Eclipse as Pride and Power Slip Away"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/307230206">307230206</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150810135311/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/doc/307230206.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=FEB%2018%2C%201990&author=David%20S.%20Broder&pub=The%20Washington%20Post&edition=&startpage=&desc=Nation%27s%20Capital%20in%20Eclipse%20as%20Pride%20and%20Power%20Slip%20Away%3B%20Some%20See%20Descent%20as%20Steep%20and%20Permanent%20but%20Others%20Regard%20It%20as%20Temporary">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2015. Retrieved October 18, 2010. <q>In the days of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan and the creation of NATO, [Clark Clifford] said, we saved the world, and Washington became the capital of the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Nation%27s+Capital+in+Eclipse+as+Pride+and+Power+Slip+Away&rft.date=1990-02-18&rft.aulast=Broder&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F307230206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZak2023" class="citation news cs1">Zak, Dan (May 19, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/k-street-the-route-of-all-evil-or-just-the-main-drag/2012/01/26/gIQAAnKdsQ_story.html">"K Street: The route of all evil, or just the main drag?"</a>. Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Retrieved May 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=K+Street%3A+The+route+of+all+evil%2C+or+just+the+main+drag%3F&rft.date=2023-05-19&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Zak&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fk-street-the-route-of-all-evil-or-just-the-main-drag%2F2012%2F01%2F26%2FgIQAAnKdsQ_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washington.org/research/washington-dc-visitor-research">"Washington, DC Visitor Research"</a>. washington.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108223200/https://washington.org/research/washington-dc-visitor-research">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2023. Retrieved December 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=washington.org&rft.atitle=Washington%2C+DC+Visitor+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwashington.org%2Fresearch%2Fwashington-dc-visitor-research&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/cities/america-s-10-most-visited-cities.html">"America's 10 most visited cities"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230614011733/https://www.worldatlas.com/cities/america-s-10-most-visited-cities.html">Archived</a> June 14, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, World Atlas, November 6, 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphreyChambers1977" class="citation book cs1">Humphrey, Robert Lee; Chambers, Mary Elizabeth (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BaJrnQEACAAJ">Ancient Washington: American Indian Cultures of the Potomac Valley</a>. George Washington University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-888028-04-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-888028-04-1"><bdi>978-1-888028-04-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126020432/https://books.google.com/books?id=BaJrnQEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Washington%3A+American+Indian+Cultures+of+the+Potomac+Valley&rft.pub=George+Washington+University&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-1-888028-04-1&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=Robert+Lee&rft.au=Chambers%2C+Mary+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBaJrnQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226113429/http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm">"The Nine Capitals of the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Senate.gov" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate.gov">Senate.gov</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm">the original</a> on February 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senate.gov&rft.atitle=The+Nine+Capitals+of+the+United+States&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Freference%2Freference_item%2FNine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JCC120-19"><a href="#cite_ref-JCC120_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=120&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1">"October 6, 1783"</a>. Journals of the Continental Congress. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>: <a href="/wiki/American_Memory" title="American Memory">American Memory</a>: 647. October 1783. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115011035/https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=120&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journals+of+the+Continental+Congress&rft.atitle=October+6%2C+1783&rft.pages=647&rft.date=1783-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fampage%3FcollId%3Dlljc%26fileName%3D025%252Flljc025.db%26recNum%3D120%26itemLink%3Dr%253Fammem%252Fhlaw%253A%2540field%2528DOCID%2B%2540lit%2528jc02530%2529%2529%25230250129%26linkText%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JCC127-20"><a href="#cite_ref-JCC127_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=127&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1">"October 7, 1783"</a>. Journals of the Continental Congress. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>: <a href="/wiki/American_Memory" title="American Memory">American Memory</a>: 654. October 1783. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220114184055/https://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=025%2Flljc025.db&recNum=127&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID+%40lit%28jc02530%29%29%230250129&linkText=1">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journals+of+the+Continental+Congress&rft.atitle=October+7%2C+1783&rft.pages=654&rft.date=1783-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fampage%3FcollId%3Dlljc%26fileName%3D025%252Flljc025.db%26recNum%3D127%26itemLink%3Dr%253Fammem%252Fhlaw%253A%2540field%2528DOCID%2B%2540lit%2528jc02530%2529%2529%25230250129%26linkText%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadison" class="citation web cs1">Madison, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914085128/http://thomas.loc.gov/home/fedpapers/fed_43.html">"The Federalist No. 43"</a>. The Independent Journal. Library of Congress. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/home/fedpapers/fed_43.html">the original</a> on September 14, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Federalist+No.+43&rft.aulast=Madison&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fhome%2Ffedpapers%2Ffed_43.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrewWebbWooldridge1892" class="citation book cs1">Crew, Harvey W.; Webb, William Bensing; Wooldridge, John (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5Q81AAAAIAAJ">"IV. Washington Becomes The Capital"</a>. Centennial History of the City of Washington, D.C. Dayton, OH: United Brethren Publishing House. p. 66. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118202557/https://books.google.com/books?id=5Q81AAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2016. 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Washington, D.C.: John Byrne & Co. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governmentdistr01doddgoog/page/n46">40</a>–45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+government+of+the+District+of+Columbia&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=40-45&rft.pub=John+Byrne+%26+Co.&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Dodd&rft.aufirst=Walter+Fairleigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgovernmentdistr01doddgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-emancipation-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-emancipation_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emancipation_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emancipation.dc.gov/page/ending-slavery-district-columbia">"Ending Slavery in the District of Columbia"</a>. 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Retrieved July 11, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Bulk+of+Flooding+Expected+in+Old+Town%2C+Washington+Harbour&rft.pages=B02&rft.date=2006-06-28&rft.aulast=Vogel&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F06%2F27%2FAR2006062701527.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO_1961–90_KDCA-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WMO_1961%E2%80%9390_KDCA_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WMO_1961%E2%80%9390_KDCA_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72405.TXT">"WMO Climate Normals for WASHINGTON DC/NATIONAL ARPT VA 1961–1990"</a>. 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Retrieved July 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WMO+Climate+Normals+for+WASHINGTON+DC%2FNATIONAL+ARPT+VA+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_IV%2FUS%2FGROUP3%2F72405.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Samenow-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Samenow_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamenow2012" class="citation news cs1">Samenow, Jason (June 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/washington-dc-ties-record-high-of-101/2012/06/29/gJQAiiRmBW_blog.html">"Washington, D.C. shatters all-time June record high, sizzles to 104"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151209173449/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/washington-dc-ties-record-high-of-101/2012/06/29/gJQAiiRmBW_blog.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2015. Retrieved November 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Washington%2C+D.C.+shatters+all-time+June+record+high%2C+sizzles+to+104&rft.date=2012-06-29&rft.aulast=Samenow&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fcapital-weather-gang%2Fpost%2Fwashington-dc-ties-record-high-of-101%2F2012%2F06%2F29%2FgJQAiiRmBW_blog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NWS_Baltimore/Washington_(LWX)-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NWS_Baltimore/Washington_(LWX)_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NWS_Baltimore/Washington_(LWX)_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=lwx">"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Retrieved October 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NowData+%E2%80%93+NOAA+Online+Weather+Data&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fwrh%2Fclimate%3Fwfo%3Dlwx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Grieser, Justin; Livingston, Ian (November 8, 2017). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/11/08/the-falls-first-freeze-is-coming-saturday-and-for-most-of-the-d-c-area-its-historically-late/">The first freeze is coming Saturday and, for most of the D.C. area, it's historically late</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180528215039/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/11/08/the-falls-first-freeze-is-coming-saturday-and-for-most-of-the-d-c-area-its-historically-late/">Archived</a> May 28, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". The Washington Post. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Livingston, Ian; Grieser, Justin (April 3, 2018). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/04/03/when-will-the-last-freeze-happen-around-the-d-c-region-and-when-is-it-safe-to-plant/">When will the last freeze happen around the D.C. region, and when is it safe to plant?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180404044955/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/04/03/when-will-the-last-freeze-happen-around-the-d-c-region-and-when-is-it-safe-to-plant/">Archived</a> April 4, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" The Washington Post. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/">"Threaded Station Extremes"</a>. threadex.rcc-acis.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threadex.rcc-acis.org&rft.atitle=Threaded+Station+Extremes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthreadex.rcc-acis.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Washington,_D.C._Weatherbox_NOAA_txt-100"><a href="#cite_ref-Washington,_D.C._Weatherbox_NOAA_txt_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00013743&format=pdf">"Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020"</a>. 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Retrieved May 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+of+Monthly+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26startDate%3D0001-01-01%26endDate%3D9996-12-31%26stations%3DUSW00013743%26format%3Dpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apr_trace_snow-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Apr_trace_snow_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2015" class="citation news cs1">Rogers, Matt (April 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/wp/2015/04/01/april-outlook-winter-be-gone-first-half-of-month-looks-warmer-than-average/">"April outlook: Winter be gone! First half of month looks warmer than average"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved May 24, 2021. <q>For reference, here are the 30-year climatology benchmarks for Reagan National Airport for April, along with our projections for the coming month:...Average snowfall: Trace; Forecast: 0 to trace</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=April+outlook%3A+Winter+be+gone%21+First+half+of+month+looks+warmer+than+average&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fcapital-weather-gang%2Fwp%2F2015%2F04%2F01%2Fapril-outlook-winter-be-gone-first-half-of-month-looks-warmer-than-average%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-us.com/en/district-of-columbia-usa/washington-climate">"Washington, DC - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast"</a>. 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Retrieved December 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indiana+Magazine+of+History&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Indiana+Historical+Society&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Christopher+Bush&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwZY1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lenfant-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lenfant_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lenfant_104-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lenfant_104-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/lenfant.htm">"The L'Enfant and McMillan Plans"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110827160250/http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/lenfant.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 27, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+L%27Enfant+and+McMillan+Plans&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnr%2Ftravel%2Fwash%2Flenfant.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Berg, Scott. "Grand Avenues." Pantheon Books, 2007. Page 87 </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/62wash/62locate1.htm">"Map 1: The L'Enfant Plan for Washington"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020135549/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/62wash/62locate1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved October 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+1%3A+The+L%27Enfant+Plan+for+Washington&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2Fnr%2Ftwhp%2Fwwwlps%2Flessons%2F62wash%2F62locate1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrewWebbWooldridge1892" class="citation book cs1">Crew, Harvey W.; Webb, William Bensing; Wooldridge, John (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5Q81AAAAIAAJ">Centennial History of the City of Washington, D.C.</a> Dayton, OH: United Brethren Publishing House. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5Q81AAAAIAAJ/page/n108">101</a>–103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Centennial+History+of+the+City+of+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.place=Dayton%2C+OH&rft.pages=101-103&rft.pub=United+Brethren+Publishing+House&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Crew&rft.aufirst=Harvey+W.&rft.au=Webb%2C+William+Bensing&rft.au=Wooldridge%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_5Q81AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwartzman-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartzman_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwartzman_108-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartzman2007" class="citation news cs1">Schwartzman, Paul (May 2, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/01/AR2007050101939.html">"High-Level Debate on Future of D.C."</a> The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113045109/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/01/AR2007050101939.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=High-Level+Debate+on+Future+of+D.C.&rft.date=2007-05-02&rft.aulast=Schwartzman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F05%2F01%2FAR2007050101939.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://streetsensemedia.org/article/how-homelessness-in-dc-compares-nationally/">"How homelessness in DC compares nationally"</a>. Street Sense Media. Retrieved May 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Street+Sense+Media&rft.atitle=How+homelessness+in+DC+compares+nationally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstreetsensemedia.org%2Farticle%2Fhow-homelessness-in-dc-compares-nationally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dcstreets-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dcstreets_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dcstreets_110-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/visiting/one_item_and_teasers/layout_of_washington.htm">"Layout of Washington DC"</a>. United States Senate. September 30, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331213926/https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/visiting/one_item_and_teasers/layout_of_washington.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Layout+of+Washington+DC&rft.pub=United+States+Senate&rft.date=2005-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fpagelayout%2Fvisiting%2Fone_item_and_teasers%2Flayout_of_washington.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k4zVAAAAMAAJ">Laws relating to the permanent system of highways outside of the cities of Washington and Georgetown</a>. 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Retrieved March 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Washington%2C+DC%2C+Fourth+of+July+Celebration+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Fnationalmall4th%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/coga/index.htm">"Constitution Gardens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921230547/https://www.nps.gov/coga/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+Gardens&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcoga%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nama-241">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nama_241-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nama_241-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nama/historyculture/index.htm">"National Mall & Memorial Parks: History & Culture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. September 28, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629074322/http://www.nps.gov/nama/historyculture/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Mall+%26+Memorial+Parks%3A+History+%26+Culture&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2006-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnama%2Fhistoryculture%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/cherry/cherry-blossom-history.htm">"History of the Cherry Trees"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805101552/http://www.nps.gov/cherry/cherry-blossom-history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved August 19, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Cherry+Trees&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fcherry%2Fcherry-blossom-history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsa.gov/historic-buildings/old-post-office-washington-dc">"Old Post Office, Washington, DC"</a>. U.S. General Services Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171126033353/https://www.gsa.gov/historic-buildings/old-post-office-washington-dc">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Post+Office%2C+Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=U.S.+General+Services+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsa.gov%2Fhistoric-buildings%2Fold-post-office-washington-dc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/301/web%20version%20Architectural%20History%20Treasury%20Building_0.pdf">"The Treasury Building: A National Historic Landmark"</a> (PDF). The United States Treasury. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805214410/https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/301/web%20version%20Architectural%20History%20Treasury%20Building_0.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Treasury+Building%3A+A+National+Historic+Landmark&rft.pub=The+United+States+Treasury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.treasury.gov%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2F301%2Fweb%2520version%2520Architectural%2520History%2520Treasury%2520Building_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsa.gov/historic-buildings/old-post-office-washington-dc">"The List: From Ballroom to Hospital, Five Lives of the Old Patent Office Building"</a>. Smithsonian Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171126033353/https://www.gsa.gov/historic-buildings/old-post-office-washington-dc">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved September 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+List%3A+From+Ballroom+to+Hospital%2C+Five+Lives+of+the+Old+Patent+Office+Building&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsa.gov%2Fhistoric-buildings%2Fold-post-office-washington-dc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washington.org/visit-dc/washington-national-cathedral">"Visiting the Washington National Cathedral"</a>. Visit DC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220911040502/https://washington.org/visit-dc/washington-national-cathedral">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visiting+the+Washington+National+Cathedral&rft.pub=Visit+DC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwashington.org%2Fvisit-dc%2Fwashington-national-cathedral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washington.org/find-dc-listings/basilica-national-shrine-immaculate-conception">"Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception"</a>. Visit DC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220911182719/https://washington.org/find-dc-listings/basilica-national-shrine-immaculate-conception">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basilica+of+the+National+Shrine+of+the+Immaculate+Conception&rft.pub=Visit+DC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwashington.org%2Ffind-dc-listings%2Fbasilica-national-shrine-immaculate-conception&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/places/000/national-world-war-i-memorial-future-site.htm">"World War I Memorial"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220911163936/https://www.nps.gov/places/000/national-world-war-i-memorial-future-site.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+War+I+Memorial&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fplaces%2F000%2Fnational-world-war-i-memorial-future-site.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/frdo/index.htm">"Frederick Douglass National Historic Site"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220926231249/https://www.nps.gov/frdo/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2022. Retrieved September 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frederick+Douglass+National+Historic+Site&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Ffrdo%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lincolncottage.org/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwsrWZBhC4ARIsAGGUJuplaLQpGlwCftRBBte7eYxNVLBB4iHMpnwO5e7WXX07kmo4Xe7KOBgaAogOEALw_wcB">"Lincoln's Cottage"</a>. President Lincoln's Cottage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923154420/https://www.lincolncottage.org/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwsrWZBhC4ARIsAGGUJuplaLQpGlwCftRBBte7eYxNVLBB4iHMpnwO5e7WXX07kmo4Xe7KOBgaAogOEALw_wcB">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2022. Retrieved September 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lincoln%27s+Cottage&rft.pub=President+Lincoln%27s+Cottage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lincolncottage.org%2F%3Fgclid%3DCj0KCQjwsrWZBhC4ARIsAGGUJuplaLQpGlwCftRBBte7eYxNVLBB4iHMpnwO5e7WXX07kmo4Xe7KOBgaAogOEALw_wcB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washington.org/find-dc-listings/us-navy-memorial">"U.S. Navy Memorial"</a>. Visit DC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220911040502/https://washington.org/find-dc-listings/us-navy-memorial">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Navy+Memorial&rft.pub=Visit+DC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwashington.org%2Ffind-dc-listings%2Fus-navy-memorial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://architectsfoundation.org/octagon-museum/">"The Octagon House"</a>. Architects Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220927141759/https://architectsfoundation.org/octagon-museum/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Octagon+House&rft.pub=Architects+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchitectsfoundation.org%2Foctagon-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/nae/visit/rotunda.html">"Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom"</a>. The National Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110828044549/http://www.archives.gov/nae/visit/rotunda.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rotunda+for+the+Charters+of+Freedom&rft.pub=The+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fnae%2Fvisit%2Frotunda.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/about/generalinfo.html">"General Information"</a>. Library of Congress. February 1, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140224004300/http://www.loc.gov/about/generalinfo.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Information&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fabout%2Fgeneralinfo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/courtbuilding.aspx">"The Court Building"</a>. Supreme Court of the United States. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110901235715/http://www.supremecourt.gov/about/courtbuilding.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2011. Retrieved August 19, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Court+Building&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+of+the+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2Fabout%2Fcourtbuilding.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ggwash.org/view/8237/chinatowns-friendship-archway">"Chinatown's Friendship Archway"</a>. Greater Greater Washington. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220911182732/https://ggwash.org/view/8237/chinatowns-friendship-archway">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinatown%27s+Friendship+Archway&rft.pub=Greater+Greater+Washington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fggwash.org%2Fview%2F8237%2Fchinatowns-friendship-archway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wharfdc.com/fish-market/">"The Municipal Fish Market"</a>. The District Wharf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220912223922/https://www.wharfdc.com/fish-market/">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2022. 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The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140627170457/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/plan-to-bury-dcs-outage-prone-power-lines-backed-by-task-force/2013/05/14/6571f060-bcc3-11e2-97d4-a479289a31f9_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Plan+to+bury+D.C.%27s+outage-prone+power+lines+backed+by+task+force&rft.date=2013-05-15&rft.aulast=DeBonis&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fdc-politics%2Fplan-to-bury-dcs-outage-prone-power-lines-backed-by-task-force%2F2013%2F05%2F14%2F6571f060-bcc3-11e2-97d4-a479289a31f9_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-371"><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtongas.com/pages/CompanyProfileHistory">"Company Profile / History"</a>. 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Retrieved June 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Washington+Officials+Try+to+Ease+Crime+Fear&rft.date=2006-07-13&rft.aulast=Urbina&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F07%2F13%2Fus%2F13deecee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinZapotosky2011" class="citation news cs1">Klein, Allison; Zapotosky, Matt (December 31, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/as-homicides-fall-in-dc-rise-in-prince-georges-numbers-meet-in-the-middle/2011/12/21/gIQAjopBTP_story.html">"As homicides fall in D.C., rise in Prince George's, numbers meet in the middle"</a>. 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City leaders pushed back"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved November 21, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+nearly+took+over+the+D.C.+police+force.+City+leaders+pushed+back.&rft.date=2024-10-26&rft.aulast=Hermann&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Stein%2C+Perry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2024%2F10%2F25%2Ftrump-security-dc-police-force%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sunderland-389">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sunderland_389-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sunderland_389-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://os.dc.gov/service/dc-sister-cities">"DC Sister Cities"</a>. D.C. Office of the Secretary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151104133547/http://os.dc.gov/service/dc-sister-cities">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved August 13, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DC+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=D.C.+Office+of+the+Secretary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fos.dc.gov%2Fservice%2Fdc-sister-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ParisRome-390">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ParisRome_390-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ParisRome_390-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ParisRome_390-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608151440/http://www.paris.fr/english/paris-a-city-with-an-international-profile/international-action-cooperation/twinning-with-rome/rub_8139_stand_29903_port_18784">"Twinning with Rome"</a>. Ville de Paris. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paris.fr/english/paris-a-city-with-an-international-profile/international-action-cooperation/twinning-with-rome/rub_8139_stand_29903_port_18784">the original</a> on June 8, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twinning+with+Rome&rft.pub=Ville+de+Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paris.fr%2Fenglish%2Fparis-a-city-with-an-international-profile%2Finternational-action-cooperation%2Ftwinning-with-rome%2Frub_8139_stand_29903_port_18784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-391"><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403161510/http://next.paris.fr/english/paris-a-city-with-an-international-profile/international-action-cooperation/friendship-and-cooperation-agreements/rub_8139_stand_29940_port_18784">"Friendship and cooperation agreements"</a>. Paris: Marie de Paris. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://next.paris.fr/english/paris-a-city-with-an-international-profile/international-action-cooperation/friendship-and-cooperation-agreements/rub_8139_stand_29940_port_18784">the original</a> on April 3, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friendship+and+cooperation+agreements&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Marie+de+Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnext.paris.fr%2Fenglish%2Fparis-a-city-with-an-international-profile%2Finternational-action-cooperation%2Ffriendship-and-cooperation-agreements%2Frub_8139_stand_29940_port_18784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tadias.com/12/04/2013/dc-addis-to-become-sister-cities/">"DC & Addis to Become Sister Cities"</a>. Tadias Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212053120/http://www.tadias.com/12/04/2013/dc-addis-to-become-sister-cities/">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tadias+Magazine&rft.atitle=DC+%26+Addis+to+Become+Sister+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tadias.com%2F12%2F04%2F2013%2Fdc-addis-to-become-sister-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWashington%2C+D.C." class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(20)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-20 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-20"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Washington, D.C. at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Washington,_D.C." class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Washington, D.C.">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." class="extiw" title="c:Washington, D.C.">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Washington,_D.C." class="extiw" title="n:Category:Washington, D.C.">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." class="extiw" title="q:Washington, D.C.">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Washington,_D.C." class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Washington, D.C.">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span 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data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Washington,_D.C." class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Washington, D.C.">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." class="extiw" title="voy:Washington, D.C.">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dc.gov/">Official website</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/162069">Washington, D.C.</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1702382">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: District of Columbia (civil)</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" data-alt="video icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYbfGcAIWTA">1960s Washington DC, 4K from 35 mm Kinolibrary</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/dc/home.html">Guide to Washington, D.C.</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Capital of the United States of America 1800–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,_D.C.&oldid=1258904009">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington,_D.C.&oldid=1258904009</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Washington,_D.C.&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 22 November 2024, at 07:53 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8D)" title="Вашингтон (къалэ) – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Вашингтон (къалэ)" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8B%E1%88%BA%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%95_%E1%8B%B2%E1%88%B2" title="ዋሺንግተን ዲሲ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዋሺንግተን ዲሲ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hw%C3%A6singatun,_D.C." title="Hwæsingatun, D.C. – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hwæsingatun, D.C." data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9" title="واشنطن العاصمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واشنطن العاصمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_DC" title="Washington, DC – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Washington, DC" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%98%DC%90%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%93%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%A2_(%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%AB%DC%9F%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܘܐܫܢܓܛܘܢ (ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܘܐܫܢܓܛܘܢ (ܐܪܫܟܝܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(District_de_Columbia)" title="Washington (District de Columbia) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Washington (District de Columbia)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF.%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF." title="ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি.চি. – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি.চি." data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D._C." title="Washington D. C. – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Washington D. C." data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF.%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80." title="वाशिंगटन डि.सी. – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="वाशिंगटन डि.सी." data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D._C." title="Washington D. C. – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Washington D. C." data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Вашингтон (округ Колумбия) – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Вашингтон (округ Колумбия)" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_DC" title="Washington, DC – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Washington, DC" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%9Finqton_(%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99r)" title="Vaşinqton (şəhər) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vaşinqton (şəhər)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C.%D8%B3%DB%8C." title="واشینقتن، دی.سی. – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="واشینقتن، دی.سی." data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8,_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF.%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF." title="ওয়াশিংটন, ডি.সি. – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওয়াশিংটন, ডি.সি." data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашынгтон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вашынгтон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Вашынгтон (акруга Калюмбія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вашынгтон (акруга Калюмбія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="वाशिंगटन, डीसी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वाशिंगटन, डीसी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝ་ཤིན་ཏྲོན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝ་ཤིན་ཏྲོན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3)" title="Вашингтон (Колумби тойрог) – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Вашингтон (Колумби тойрог)" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_DC" title="Washington DC – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Washington DC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_DC" title="Washington, DC – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Washington, DC" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%86" title="واشنطن – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="واشنطن" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%AE%DE%9D%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8E%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%D8%8C_%DE%91%DE%A9.%DE%90%DE%A9." title="ވޮޝިންގޓަން، ޑީ.ސީ. – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ވޮޝިންގޓަން، ޑީ.ސީ." data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin_N%C3%A1h%C3%A1lgaa%C3%AD_Bi%C5%82_Hahoodzo" title="Kin Náhálgaaí Bił Hahoodzo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kin Náhálgaaí Bił Hahoodzo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="वाशिंगटन डीसी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="वाशिंगटन डीसी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Ουάσινγκτον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουάσινγκτον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Вашингтон ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Вашингтон ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D._C." title="Washington D. C. – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Washington D. C." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%9Dingtono" title="Vaŝingtono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vaŝingtono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C.%D8%B3%DB%8C." title="واشینگتن، دی.سی. – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واشینگتن، دی.سی." data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_DC" title="Washington DC – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Washington DC" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(district_de_Columbia)" title="Washington (district de Columbia) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Washington (district de Columbia)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Вашингтон (округ Колумбия) – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Вашингтон (округ Колумбия)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80" title="華盛頓哥倫比亞特區 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="華盛頓哥倫比亞特區" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="واشينگتن دي سي – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="واشينگتن دي سي" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD,_%F0%90%8C%B3.%F0%90%8D%81." title="𐍅𐌰𐍃𐌾𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌽, 𐌳.𐍁. – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍅𐌰𐍃𐌾𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌽, 𐌳.𐍁." data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%8C%EC%8B%B1%ED%84%B4_D.C." title="워싱턴 D.C. – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="워싱턴 D.C." data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakinekona,_D.C." title="Wakinekona, D.C. – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Wakinekona, D.C." data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%87" title="Վաշինգտոն ԿՇ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վաշինգտոն ԿՇ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0" title="वॉशिंगटन, डी॰ सी॰ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वॉशिंगटन, डी॰ सी॰" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE,_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF" title="ডিসটিক্ট অফ কলম্বিয়া, ডিসি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ডিসটিক্ট অফ কলম্বিয়া, ডিসি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Вашингтон (сахар) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Вашингтон (сахар)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWashington" title="IWashington – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IWashington" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%99._%D7%A1%D7%99." title="וושינגטון די. סי. – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וושינגטון די. סי." data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Was%C9%A9%C5%8Bt%C9%94%C5%8B_DC" title="Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Wasɩŋtɔŋ DC" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D,_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF.%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF." title="ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ಟನ್, ಡಿ.ಸಿ. – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ಟನ್, ಡಿ.ಸಿ." data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3)" title="Вашингтон (Колумбия округ) – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Вашингтон (Колумбия округ)" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვაშინგტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვაშინგტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8E%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%90%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF%D9%B9%D9%8E%D9%86_%DA%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="وَاشِنٛگٹَن ڈی سی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وَاشِنٛگٹَن ڈی سی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachint%C3%B2n" title="Wachintòn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Wachintòn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C" title="Washington, D.C – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Washington, D.C" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_District_of_Columbia" title="Washington, District of Columbia – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Washington, District of Columbia" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B5.%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5." title="ວໍຊິງຕັນ ດີ.ຊີ. – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວໍຊິງຕັນ ດີ.ຊີ." data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasingtonia_(D.C.)" title="Vasingtonia (D.C.) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vasingtonia (D.C.)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%A1ingtona" title="Vašingtona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vašingtona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Вашингтон (кьилин шегьер) – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Вашингтон (кьилин шегьер)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%A1ingtonas" title="Vašingtonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vašingtonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrito_de_Columbia" title="Distrito de Columbia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Distrito de Columbia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%A1ington" title="Vašington – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vašington" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.uacintyn._zei_tcadu" title=".uacintyn. zei tcadu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title=".uacintyn. zei tcadu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(f%C5%91v%C3%A1ros)" title="Washington (főváros) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Washington (főváros)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BA,_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF." title="വാഷിങ്ടൺ, ഡി.സി. – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാഷിങ്ടൺ, ഡി.സി." data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(Distrett_ta%27_Columbia)" title="Washington (Distrett ta' Columbia) – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Washington (Distrett ta' Columbia)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takiw%C4%81_o_Korom%C5%8Dpia" title="Takiwā o Koromōpia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Takiwā o Koromōpia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80.%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80." title="वॉशिंग्टन, डी.सी. – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वॉशिंग्टन, डी.सी." data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90)" title="ვაშინგტონი (ნოღა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვაშინგტონი (ნოღა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86" title="واشينطون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="واشينطون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="واشینگتن دی سی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="واشینگتن دی سی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A0-s%C3%AAng-d%C3%A1ung_D%C4%95k-k%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Huà-sêng-dáung Dĕk-kṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huà-sêng-dáung Dĕk-kṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Вашингтон ош – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Вашингтон ош" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82)" title="Вашингтон (хот) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вашингтон (хот)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE" title="ဝါရှင်တန်ဒီစီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝါရှင်တန်ဒီစီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="वासिङ्टन डिसी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वासिङ्टन डिसी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="वाशिंग्तन, दिसि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वाशिंग्तन, दिसि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3D.C." title="ワシントンD.C. – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワシントンD.C." data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BE)" title="Вашингтон (Колумби гуо) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Вашингтон (Колумби гуо)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woshingtun,_D.K." title="Woshingtun, D.K. – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Woshingtun, D.K." data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.K." title="Washington D.K. – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Washington D.K." data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vashington_(shahar)" title="Vashington (shahar) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vashington (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8,_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80.%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80." title="ਵਾਸ਼ਿੰਗਟਨ, ਡੀ.ਸੀ. – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਾਸ਼ਿੰਗਟਨ, ਡੀ.ਸੀ." data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="वासिंगटन डि सि – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="वासिंगटन डि सि" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%B9%D9%86_%DA%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="واشنگٹن ڈی سی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="واشنگٹن ڈی سی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%BC%D9%86_%DA%89%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="واشنګټن ډي سي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="واشنګټن ډي سي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washintan_D.C." title="Washintan D.C. – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Washintan D.C." data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%93" title="វ៉ាស៊ីនតោន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វ៉ាស៊ីនតោន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(district_Columbia)" title="Washington (district Columbia) – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Washington (district Columbia)" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasington_DC" title="Wasington DC – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Wasington DC" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waszyngton" title="Waszyngton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Waszyngton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%9Fington_(%C5%9Feer)" title="Vaşington (şeer) – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Vaşington (şeer)" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_DC" title="Washington DC – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Washington DC" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Вашінґтон (місто) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вашінґтон (місто)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D2%A5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Уашиҥтон, Колумбия Эргин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уашиҥтон, Колумбия Эргин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uasigitone_D.C." title="Uasigitone D.C. – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Uasigitone D.C." data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0" title="वॉशिंगटन, डी॰ सी॰ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वॉशिंगटन, डी॰ सी॰" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1,_%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4.%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4." title="ᱣᱟᱥᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ, ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ. – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱣᱟᱥᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ, ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ." data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uashington_D.C." title="Uashington D.C. – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uashington D.C." data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(Distrittu_di_Columbia)" title="Washington (Distrittu di Columbia) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Washington (Distrittu di Columbia)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A,_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%93.%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%93." title="වොෂින්ටන්, ඩී.සී. – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වොෂින්ටන්, ඩී.සී." data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%BD%D9%86_%DA%8A%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="واشنگٽن ڊي سي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="واشنگٽن ڊي سي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D._C." title="Washington, D. C. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Washington, D. C." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waszyngt%C5%AFn" title="Waszyngtůn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Waszyngtůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washitoon" title="Washitoon – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Washitoon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="واشینگتن دی سی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="واشینگتن دی سی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(DC)" title="Washington (DC) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Washington (DC)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF._%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF." title="வாசிங்டன், டி. சி. – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வாசிங்டன், டி. சி." data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Вашингтон (башкала) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вашингтон (башкала)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D,_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF.%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF." title="వాషింగ్టన్, డి.సి. – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వాషింగ్టన్, డి.సి." data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5.%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5." title="วอชิงตัน ดี.ซี. – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วอชิงตัน ดี.ซี." data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80)" title="Вашингтон (шаҳр) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вашингтон (шаҳр)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1%C5%A1%C3%AAta%C3%ABno" title="Vášêtaëno – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vášêtaëno" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_DC" title="Washington, DC – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Washington, DC" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wa%C5%9Fington_(Kolumbi%C3%BDa_okrugy)" title="Waşington (Kolumbiýa okrugy) – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Waşington (Kolumbiýa okrugy)" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Вашингтон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вашингтон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%B9%D9%86%D8%8C_%DA%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="واشنگٹن، ڈی سی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="واشنگٹن، ڈی سی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ۋاشىنگتون – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ۋاشىنگتون" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vazcingdonq" title="Vazcingdonq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vazcingdonq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%A1ington_(lidn)" title="Vašington (lidn) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vašington (lidn)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington" title="Washington – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Washington" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80" title="華盛頓哥倫比亞特區 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="華盛頓哥倫比亞特區" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C. – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Washington D.C." data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="华盛顿哥伦比亚特区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="华盛顿哥伦比亚特区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_DC" title="Washington, DC – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Washington, DC" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%99" title="וואשינגטאן די סי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואשינגטאן די סי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80" title="華盛頓哥倫比亞特區 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="華盛頓哥倫比亞特區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%A1ingtons" title="Vašingtons – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vašingtons" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="华盛顿哥伦比亚特区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="华盛顿哥伦比亚特区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C. – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Washington, D.C." data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%A1ington" title="Vašington – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Vašington" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 07:53 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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