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class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53652382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Government"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14","location":"/PeterJenkins14","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/PeterJenkins14","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["American Government"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-a4550f5e-996a-435b-8eb1-03effcea5d12"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-a4550f5e-996a-435b-8eb1-03effcea5d12"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53652382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Philosophy_Aristotle"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Ancient Greek Philosophy / Aristotle"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-db4d7aef-c3e4-4e17-83d6-be799fb4b102"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-db4d7aef-c3e4-4e17-83d6-be799fb4b102"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53652382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_politics"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Internet politics"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-a38328cc-305f-44bc-8895-dafd2a13c410"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-a38328cc-305f-44bc-8895-dafd2a13c410"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53652382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_Rawlss_theory_of_justice"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["John Rawls's theory of justice"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-d8eb6ac1-ba68-4cc2-97a5-4f461a2e0759"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-d8eb6ac1-ba68-4cc2-97a5-4f461a2e0759"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53652382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Game_Theory_Psychology_"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Game Theory (Psychology)"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-90788e62-6b22-4869-9208-6aa4ede8c590"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-90788e62-6b22-4869-9208-6aa4ede8c590"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Peter Jenkins</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959016"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959016/The_Vietnam_War_Versus_the_Iraq_War"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Vietnam War Versus the Iraq War" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959016/The_Vietnam_War_Versus_the_Iraq_War">The Vietnam War Versus the Iraq War</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Vietnam War (1965–1973) and the Iraq War (2003–2011) were both lengthy quagmires that were in...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Vietnam War (1965–1973) and the Iraq War (2003–2011) were both lengthy quagmires that were instigated by the U.S. based on false intelligence. The Iraq War originated in a period when the happiness levels of the U.S. Congress were ascending, while the Vietnam War arose in a period when they were declining. This chapter concludes that the Vietnam War was caused by the highly depressive President Lyndon Johnson’s underestimation of North Vietnamese resolve, and the subsequent American defeat was caused by the non-depressive Richard Nixon’s overestimation of it. The chapter also concludes that the outbreak of the Iraq War was caused by the Bush White House’s bona fide overestimation of Saddam’s military capabilities as well as his resolve to use them against America. Contrary to his father, President George W. Bush has a depressive temperament, but those who were in his influential inner circle of advisors, including Cheney and Powell, clearly have non-depressive ones.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959016"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959016"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959016; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959016]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959016]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959016; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959016']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959016, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959016]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959016,"title":"The Vietnam War Versus the Iraq War","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Vietnam War (1965–1973) and the Iraq War (2003–2011) were both lengthy quagmires that were instigated by the U.S. based on false intelligence. 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This chapter finds that both of these conflicts were not only anticipated but also encouraged by the U.S. – the former by the non-depressive Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and the latter by the non-depressive National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, under Presidents Nixon and Carter, respectively, who also had non-depressive temperaments. The U.S. expected the Egyptian attack to be more robust than it was (thus overestimating Egypt’s resolve) while Brzezinski and his associates in the CIA incorrectly assumed that, after it invaded Afghanistan, the Soviet Union would never leave pursuant to a negotiated settlement (thus overestimating the Soviet Union’s resolve).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959015"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959015"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959015; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959015]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959015; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959015']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959015, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959015]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959015,"title":"The Yom Kippur War and the Soviet-Afghan War","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Yom Kippur War (1973) and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979) that launched the Soviet-Afghan War, both occurred during periods of rising happiness in the U.S. Congress, although the conventional wisdom is that the outbreak of both of these wars took the U.S. completely by surprise. 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The U.S. expected the Egyptian attack to be more robust than it was (thus overestimating Egypt’s resolve) while Brzezinski and his associates in the CIA incorrectly assumed that, after it invaded Afghanistan, the Soviet Union would never leave pursuant to a negotiated settlement (thus overestimating the Soviet Union’s resolve).","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"The Yom Kippur War (1973) and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979) that launched the Soviet-Afghan War, both occurred during periods of rising happiness in the U.S. Congress, although the conventional wisdom is that the outbreak of both of these wars took the U.S. completely by surprise. 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The U.S. expected the Egyptian attack to be more robust than it was (thus overestimating Egypt’s resolve) while Brzezinski and his associates in the CIA incorrectly assumed that, after it invaded Afghanistan, the Soviet Union would never leave pursuant to a negotiated settlement (thus overestimating the Soviet Union’s resolve).","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959015/The_Yom_Kippur_War_and_the_Soviet_Afghan_War","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:38.919-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Yom_Kippur_War_and_the_Soviet_Afghan_War","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science"}],"urls":[{"id":19303527,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-14078-6_13"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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It is evident from the data and the case studies that, during the preludes to the outbreaks of wars, in times of rising happiness levels in the national legislature, leaders such as the President or Prime Minister tend to have non-depressive temperaments and, conversely, in times of falling happiness levels in the national legislative body, those leaders tend to have depressive temperaments. In the exceptional cases, the leaders are surrounded by close advisors, such as Cabinet members or powerful politicians, who conform to the above-noted principle and exert a strong influence on the advisee. For example, during the lead-up to the Crimean War in 1853, when the happiness levels of Parliament were on an upward trend, the British Prime Minister, Lord Aberdeen, had a depressive temperament as indicated by his usage of sadness words (1908 per million), which was significantly above the level of the Parliament as a whole at the time (1820 per million). 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959012"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959012/The_Falkland_Islands_War_Versus_the_Spanish_American_War"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Falkland Islands War Versus the Spanish–American War" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959012/The_Falkland_Islands_War_Versus_the_Spanish_American_War">The Falkland Islands War Versus the Spanish–American War</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Spanish–American War (1898) and the Falkland Islands War (1982) were both very brief wars—the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Spanish–American War (1898) and the Falkland Islands War (1982) were both very brief wars—the former occurred during a period of rising happiness in the U.S. Congress, and the latter occurred during a period of falling happiness in the British Parliament. The outbreak of the Spanish–American War was due to the non-depressive President McKinley’s overestimation of the resolve of Spain, which he believed to be responsible for the sinking of the USS Maine, when it was more likely that the Cuban insurgents were responsible. 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The outbreak of the Falkland Islands War was due to the depressive faction in the Cabinet (Prime Margaret Thatcher, Geoffrey Howe and John Nott) underestimating Argentinian resolve and denying the request of the non-depressive faction (Peter Carrington and Richard Luce) to retain Britain’s only ship in the South Atlantic, the HMS Endurance.","publisher":"War and Happiness","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"The Spanish–American War (1898) and the Falkland Islands War (1982) were both very brief wars—the former occurred during a period of rising happiness in the U.S. Congress, and the latter occurred during a period of falling happiness in the British Parliament. The outbreak of the Spanish–American War was due to the non-depressive President McKinley’s overestimation of the resolve of Spain, which he believed to be responsible for the sinking of the USS Maine, when it was more likely that the Cuban insurgents were responsible. The outbreak of the Falkland Islands War was due to the depressive faction in the Cabinet (Prime Margaret Thatcher, Geoffrey Howe and John Nott) underestimating Argentinian resolve and denying the request of the non-depressive faction (Peter Carrington and Richard Luce) to retain Britain’s only ship in the South Atlantic, the HMS Endurance.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959012/The_Falkland_Islands_War_Versus_the_Spanish_American_War","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:38.303-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Falkland_Islands_War_Versus_the_Spanish_American_War","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959011"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959011/Text_Mining_the_U_S_Congressional_Record"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Text Mining the U.S. Congressional Record" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959011/Text_Mining_the_U_S_Congressional_Record">Text Mining the U.S. Congressional Record</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the U.S. Congressional Record, 1880–2018 (a corpus of approximately 4 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Congressional Record corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from the Congressional Record is compared with other data concerning the American population as a whole, such as self-reported happiness and income inequality, as well as the data from the psycholinguistic text-mining of the Corpus of Historical American English.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959011"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959011"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959011; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959011]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959011]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959011; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959011']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959011, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959011]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959011,"title":"Text Mining the U.S. Congressional Record","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the U.S. Congressional Record, 1880–2018 (a corpus of approximately 4 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Congressional Record corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from the Congressional Record is compared with other data concerning the American population as a whole, such as self-reported happiness and income inequality, as well as the data from the psycholinguistic text-mining of the Corpus of Historical American English.","publisher":"War and Happiness","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the U.S. Congressional Record, 1880–2018 (a corpus of approximately 4 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Congressional Record corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from the Congressional Record is compared with other data concerning the American population as a whole, such as self-reported happiness and income inequality, as well as the data from the psycholinguistic text-mining of the Corpus of Historical American English.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959011/Text_Mining_the_U_S_Congressional_Record","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:38.171-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Text_Mining_the_U_S_Congressional_Record","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959009/Text_Mining_the_British_Hansard"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Text Mining the British Hansard" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959009/Text_Mining_the_British_Hansard">Text Mining the British Hansard</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the British Hansard, 1830–2004 (a corpus of approximately 1.6 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Hansard corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from Hansard is compared with other data concerning the British population as a whole, such as self-reported life satisfaction and income inequality.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959009; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959009]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959009; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959009']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959009, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959009]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959009,"title":"Text Mining the British Hansard","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the British Hansard, 1830–2004 (a corpus of approximately 1.6 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Hansard corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from Hansard is compared with other data concerning the British population as a whole, such as self-reported life satisfaction and income inequality.","publisher":"War and Happiness","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the British Hansard, 1830–2004 (a corpus of approximately 1.6 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Hansard corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from Hansard is compared with other data concerning the British population as a whole, such as self-reported life satisfaction and income inequality.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959009/Text_Mining_the_British_Hansard","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:37.951-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Text_Mining_the_British_Hansard","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959008"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959008/Theories_of_Reputation_for_Resolve_From_Thucydides_to_Prospect_Theory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Theories of Reputation for Resolve—From Thucydides to Prospect Theory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959008/Theories_of_Reputation_for_Resolve_From_Thucydides_to_Prospect_Theory">Theories of Reputation for Resolve—From Thucydides to Prospect Theory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter examines the existing international relations theories relating to the assessment of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter examines the existing international relations theories relating to the assessment of resolve, which include non-psychological approaches—classical realism (Thomas Schelling), deterrence and spiral theory (Robert Jervis), current calculus (Daryl Press) and neo-realism (Kenneth Waltz) as well as psychological ones—desires-based causal attribution (Jonathan Mercer), prospect theory (Kahneman) and the recent multi-factorial causation approach (Joshua Kertzer). None of these theories specifically address the issue of the role of temperament. The book’s hypotheses were developed in order to create a new approach that potentially fills this gap.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959008"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959008"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959008; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959008]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959008]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959008; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959008']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959008, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959008]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959008,"title":"Theories of Reputation for Resolve—From Thucydides to Prospect Theory","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter examines the existing international relations theories relating to the assessment of resolve, which include non-psychological approaches—classical realism (Thomas Schelling), deterrence and spiral theory (Robert Jervis), current calculus (Daryl Press) and neo-realism (Kenneth Waltz) as well as psychological ones—desires-based causal attribution (Jonathan Mercer), prospect theory (Kahneman) and the recent multi-factorial causation approach (Joshua Kertzer). None of these theories specifically address the issue of the role of temperament. The book’s hypotheses were developed in order to create a new approach that potentially fills this gap.","publisher":"War and Happiness","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"This chapter examines the existing international relations theories relating to the assessment of resolve, which include non-psychological approaches—classical realism (Thomas Schelling), deterrence and spiral theory (Robert Jervis), current calculus (Daryl Press) and neo-realism (Kenneth Waltz) as well as psychological ones—desires-based causal attribution (Jonathan Mercer), prospect theory (Kahneman) and the recent multi-factorial causation approach (Joshua Kertzer). None of these theories specifically address the issue of the role of temperament. The book’s hypotheses were developed in order to create a new approach that potentially fills this gap.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959008/Theories_of_Reputation_for_Resolve_From_Thucydides_to_Prospect_Theory","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:37.826-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Theories_of_Reputation_for_Resolve_From_Thucydides_to_Prospect_Theory","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959007"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959007/Volume_6_Issue_1_April_2009_Virtual_Worlds_as_a_New_Game_Theoretic_Model_for_International_Law_The_Case_of_Bilateral_Investment_Treaties"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Volume 6, Issue 1, April 2009 Virtual Worlds as a New Game Theoretic Model for International Law: The Case of Bilateral Investment Treaties" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83643383/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959007/Volume_6_Issue_1_April_2009_Virtual_Worlds_as_a_New_Game_Theoretic_Model_for_International_Law_The_Case_of_Bilateral_Investment_Treaties">Volume 6, Issue 1, April 2009 Virtual Worlds as a New Game Theoretic Model for International Law: The Case of Bilateral Investment Treaties</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Game theoretic analysis of international law has traditionally revolved around the Prisoner’s Dil...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Game theoretic analysis of international law has traditionally revolved around the Prisoner’s Dilemma, a model developed during the Cold War that reflects the general unenforceability of international agreements. Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) are, however, enforceable and require a different approach. The current global economic crisis will exacerbate the controversies concerning the broad powers exercised by the arbitrators appointed under BITs. It is thus imperative to explore a viable new game theoretic model, which can be provided by virtual worlds such as Second Life and World of Warcraft. DOI: 10.2966/scrip.060109.4 © Peter S. Jenkins 2009. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Licence. Please click on the link to read the terms and conditions. ∗ PhD candidate, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Member of the State Bar of California. The author would like to thank the anonymous referees and also Gus Van Harten and Craig M Scott for their helpful comments...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="607d55dadaa253cd86e44d0fc9791ab6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83643383,"asset_id":75959007,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83643383/download_file?st=MTczMzIzOTI0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959007"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959007"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959007; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959007]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959007]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959007; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959007']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959007, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "607d55dadaa253cd86e44d0fc9791ab6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959007]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959007,"title":"Volume 6, Issue 1, April 2009 Virtual Worlds as a New Game Theoretic Model for International Law: The Case of Bilateral Investment Treaties","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Game theoretic analysis of international law has traditionally revolved around the Prisoner’s Dilemma, a model developed during the Cold War that reflects the general unenforceability of international agreements. 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The author previously discussed this concept in a 2004 article concerning freedom of speech in online role-playing games such as World of Warcraft, when Facebook was still in its infancy. Although the controversy concerning freedom of speech in online games has died down over the past decade, Facebook’s censorship practices, together with its potential transformation into a mammoth virtual world, have reignited such concerns. The emergence of augmented reality (AR) glasses will aggravate the problem. Non-constitutional forms of law, such as the common law, will not adapt to this technology quickly enough. As a result, society will soon have to make a conceptual leap in constitutional values to avoid the permanent curtailment of its freedom of speech.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959006"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959006"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959006; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959006]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959006]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959006; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959006']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959006, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959006]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959006,"title":"Always-on Augmented Reality and the 'Holo-ing Out' of the Individual","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Facebook, with over 1.3 billion active monthly users and its recent acquisition of the virtual reality headset company Oculus Rift, may become an enormous virtual world without precedent. The author previously discussed this concept in a 2004 article concerning freedom of speech in online role-playing games such as World of Warcraft, when Facebook was still in its infancy. Although the controversy concerning freedom of speech in online games has died down over the past decade, Facebook’s censorship practices, together with its potential transformation into a mammoth virtual world, have reignited such concerns. The emergence of augmented reality (AR) glasses will aggravate the problem. Non-constitutional forms of law, such as the common law, will not adapt to this technology quickly enough. As a result, society will soon have to make a conceptual leap in constitutional values to avoid the permanent curtailment of its freedom of speech.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Facebook, with over 1.3 billion active monthly users and its recent acquisition of the virtual reality headset company Oculus Rift, may become an enormous virtual world without precedent. The author previously discussed this concept in a 2004 article concerning freedom of speech in online role-playing games such as World of Warcraft, when Facebook was still in its infancy. Although the controversy concerning freedom of speech in online games has died down over the past decade, Facebook’s censorship practices, together with its potential transformation into a mammoth virtual world, have reignited such concerns. The emergence of augmented reality (AR) glasses will aggravate the problem. 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It discusses the falling levels of happiness in the British Parliament and how the Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, concealed his depressive temperament behind a carefully contrived public persona. As a result, Chamberlain notoriously underestimated Hitler’s resolve to gain further territory after his annexation of the Sudetenland pursuant to the 1938 Munich Agreement. At the same time, Chamberlain overestimated the resolve of British allies, stating for example during the Polish Crisis immediately before the outbreak of World War II that he was “more worried about getting the Poles to be reasonable than the Germans”.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b7af8b64fc934138a288e43e03bc77e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83643464,"asset_id":75959005,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83643464/download_file?st=MTczMzIzOTI0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959005"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959005"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959005; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959005]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959005]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959005; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959005']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959005, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0b7af8b64fc934138a288e43e03bc77e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959005]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959005,"title":"The Appeasement of Nazi Germany","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter contains a detailed case study of the process of appeasement of Nazi Germany in the prelude to World War II. It discusses the falling levels of happiness in the British Parliament and how the Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, concealed his depressive temperament behind a carefully contrived public persona. As a result, Chamberlain notoriously underestimated Hitler’s resolve to gain further territory after his annexation of the Sudetenland pursuant to the 1938 Munich Agreement. At the same time, Chamberlain overestimated the resolve of British allies, stating for example during the Polish Crisis immediately before the outbreak of World War II that he was “more worried about getting the Poles to be reasonable than the Germans”.","publisher":"War and Happiness","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"This chapter contains a detailed case study of the process of appeasement of Nazi Germany in the prelude to World War II. It discusses the falling levels of happiness in the British Parliament and how the Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, concealed his depressive temperament behind a carefully contrived public persona. As a result, Chamberlain notoriously underestimated Hitler’s resolve to gain further territory after his annexation of the Sudetenland pursuant to the 1938 Munich Agreement. 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This chapter addresses various substantive and methodological issues and, based on a review of the data in the literature, concludes that depression either causes a depressive explanatory style or is significantly associated with it. It further finds that depressed individuals do not make more accurate assessments than non-depressed ones, i.e. they are not “sadder but wiser”. The chapter also finds that the notion that explanatory styles are different in individualistic Western cultures versus collectivistic Eastern ones should not be applied in a blanket manner.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959004"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959004"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959004; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959004]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959004]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959004; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959004']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959004, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959004]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959004,"title":"Explanatory Style Explained","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The reversal of explanatory style in depressed individuals is well-established in the psychological literature, as is the concept of concept of group explanatory styles, based on the emotional climate. 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The chapter also finds that the notion that explanatory styles are different in individualistic Western cultures versus collectivistic Eastern ones should not be applied in a blanket manner.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959004/Explanatory_Style_Explained","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:37.061-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Explanatory_Style_Explained","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959003"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959003/The_Crimean_War_Versus_the_Suez_Crisis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Crimean War Versus the Suez Crisis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959003/The_Crimean_War_Versus_the_Suez_Crisis">The Crimean War Versus the Suez Crisis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Crimean War (1853–1856) occurred during a period of rising happiness in the British Parliamen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Crimean War (1853–1856) occurred during a period of rising happiness in the British Parliament, and the Suez Crisis of 1956, during a period of falling happiness, although the absolute happiness levels were similar in both times. This chapter finds that the outbreak of the Crimean War was caused by the Russophobe faction in the British Cabinet (the non-depressive Lords Palmerston and Russell) which prevailed over the Russophile one (the depressive Lords Aberdeen and Gladstone), so that Britain overestimated Russia’s resolve to dismember the Ottoman Empire. This chapter also concludes that the reason for the outbreak of the Suez Crisis was Britain’s underestimation of Nasser’s resolve in 1954 when the ailing and depressive Prime Minister Winston Churchill, together with his obsequious Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, agreed to withdraw British Forces from Egypt, leading to Nasser’s decision to nationalize the Canal.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959003"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959003"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959003; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959003]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959003]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959003; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959003']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959003, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959003]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959003,"title":"The Crimean War Versus the Suez Crisis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Crimean War (1853–1856) occurred during a period of rising happiness in the British Parliament, and the Suez Crisis of 1956, during a period of falling happiness, although the absolute happiness levels were similar in both times. This chapter finds that the outbreak of the Crimean War was caused by the Russophobe faction in the British Cabinet (the non-depressive Lords Palmerston and Russell) which prevailed over the Russophile one (the depressive Lords Aberdeen and Gladstone), so that Britain overestimated Russia’s resolve to dismember the Ottoman Empire. This chapter also concludes that the reason for the outbreak of the Suez Crisis was Britain’s underestimation of Nasser’s resolve in 1954 when the ailing and depressive Prime Minister Winston Churchill, together with his obsequious Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, agreed to withdraw British Forces from Egypt, leading to Nasser’s decision to nationalize the Canal.","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"The Crimean War (1853–1856) occurred during a period of rising happiness in the British Parliament, and the Suez Crisis of 1956, during a period of falling happiness, although the absolute happiness levels were similar in both times. This chapter finds that the outbreak of the Crimean War was caused by the Russophobe faction in the British Cabinet (the non-depressive Lords Palmerston and Russell) which prevailed over the Russophile one (the depressive Lords Aberdeen and Gladstone), so that Britain overestimated Russia’s resolve to dismember the Ottoman Empire. This chapter also concludes that the reason for the outbreak of the Suez Crisis was Britain’s underestimation of Nasser’s resolve in 1954 when the ailing and depressive Prime Minister Winston Churchill, together with his obsequious Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, agreed to withdraw British Forces from Egypt, leading to Nasser’s decision to nationalize the Canal.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959003/The_Crimean_War_Versus_the_Suez_Crisis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:36.903-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Crimean_War_Versus_the_Suez_Crisis","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"}],"urls":[{"id":19303523,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-14078-6_8"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959002"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959002/The_Four_Crises_Leading_to_the_First_World_War"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Four Crises Leading to the First World War" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959002/The_Four_Crises_Leading_to_the_First_World_War">The Four Crises Leading to the First World War</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter contains a detailed case study of the four international crises involving the Great ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter contains a detailed case study of the four international crises involving the Great Powers from 1905 to 1914 which led to the outbreak of World War I—the First Moroccan Crisis (1905–1906), the Bosnia-Herzegovina Crisis (1909), the Agadir Crisis (1911) and the July Crisis (1914). It discusses the relationship between the rising level of happiness in the British Parliament and the Foreign Office and the British overestimation of German resolve, which caused the non-depressive Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, to fail to deter Germany by giving it a clear warning, since he perceived that doing so would merely provoke it into taking military action. 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It discusses the relationship between the rising level of happiness in the British Parliament and the Foreign Office and the British overestimation of German resolve, which caused the non-depressive Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, to fail to deter Germany by giving it a clear warning, since he perceived that doing so would merely provoke it into taking military action. 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It discusses the relationship between the rising level of happiness in the British Parliament and the Foreign Office and the British overestimation of German resolve, which caused the non-depressive Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, to fail to deter Germany by giving it a clear warning, since he perceived that doing so would merely provoke it into taking military action. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959001"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959001/Pearl_Harbor"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pearl Harbor" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959001/Pearl_Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959001"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959001"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959001; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959000"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959000/Donald_Trump_and_the_Future_of_American_Foreign_Policy_Syria_Iran_and_North_Korea"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Donald Trump and the Future of American Foreign Policy: Syria, Iran and North Korea" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959000/Donald_Trump_and_the_Future_of_American_Foreign_Policy_Syria_Iran_and_North_Korea">Donald Trump and the Future of American Foreign Policy: Syria, Iran and North Korea</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Based on semantic and psycholinguistic analyses of President Trumps’ speeches and tweets, this ch...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Based on semantic and psycholinguistic analyses of President Trumps’ speeches and tweets, this chapter finds that his temperament has a remarkable similarly to that of Kaiser Wilhelm II, which was a highly depressive one. However, Trump’s temperament, like that of George W. Bush, is counter-balanced by the non-depressive temperaments of his influential inner circle of advisors, including Vice-President Michael Pence, Secretary of State Michael Pompeo, and Secretary of Defense James Mattis. As a result, Trump is unlikely to underestimate the resolve of America’s current adversaries, Syria, Iran and North Korea, but there remains a substantial risk that he may overestimate it.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959000"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959000"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959000; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959000]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959000]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959000; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959000']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959000, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959000]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959000,"title":"Donald Trump and the Future of American Foreign Policy: Syria, Iran and North Korea","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Based on semantic and psycholinguistic analyses of President Trumps’ speeches and tweets, this chapter finds that his temperament has a remarkable similarly to that of Kaiser Wilhelm II, which was a highly depressive one. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75958999"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75958999/War_and_Happiness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of War and Happiness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75958999/War_and_Happiness">War and Happiness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75958999"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75958999"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75958999; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75958998"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75958998/Absolutist_Pragmatist_and_Realist_Approaches_to_Research_Ethics_in_the_Digital_Humanities_The_Case_of_the_Schneerson_Collection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Absolutist, Pragmatist and Realist Approaches to Research Ethics in the Digital Humanities: The Case of the Schneerson Collection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75958998/Absolutist_Pragmatist_and_Realist_Approaches_to_Research_Ethics_in_the_Digital_Humanities_The_Case_of_the_Schneerson_Collection">Absolutist, Pragmatist and Realist Approaches to Research Ethics in the Digital Humanities: The Case of the Schneerson Collection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ethical absolutism would prohibit any use by researchers of material initially obtained illegally...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ethical absolutism would prohibit any use by researchers of material initially obtained illegally or unethically, whereas ethical pragmatism would determine whether any offsetting benefit could be salvaged from data obtained from irreversible injustices. Ethical realism would determine whether the data was originally collected under circumstances that would have been considered illegal, dishonest or unduly coercive at the time and, if so, whether its use would create lasting, negative impacts on a particular people or community. Testing the three ethical approaches against subjects of digital humanities research, such as WikiLeaks, indicates that ethical realism is the most suitable one. Applying ethical realism to the case of the Schneerson Collection leads to the conclusion that digital humanities researchers should be permitted access to the part of the Collection referred to as &quot;the Library&quot;, which consists of sacred Jewish texts and books dating back to 1772, but it is advisable for access to the part referred to as &quot;the Archive&quot;, which consists of handwritten notes and correspondence of several generations of Rebbes, to be restricted to persons specifically approved by the Chabad organization.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75958998"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75958998"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75958998; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75958998]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75958998]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75958998; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75958998']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75958998, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75958998]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75958998,"title":"Absolutist, Pragmatist and Realist Approaches to Research Ethics in the Digital Humanities: The Case of the Schneerson Collection","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Ethical absolutism would prohibit any use by researchers of material initially obtained illegally or unethically, whereas ethical pragmatism would determine whether any offsetting benefit could be salvaged from data obtained from irreversible injustices. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="11256998" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959016"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959016/The_Vietnam_War_Versus_the_Iraq_War"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Vietnam War Versus the Iraq War" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959016/The_Vietnam_War_Versus_the_Iraq_War">The Vietnam War Versus the Iraq War</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Vietnam War (1965–1973) and the Iraq War (2003–2011) were both lengthy quagmires that were in...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Vietnam War (1965–1973) and the Iraq War (2003–2011) were both lengthy quagmires that were instigated by the U.S. based on false intelligence. The Iraq War originated in a period when the happiness levels of the U.S. Congress were ascending, while the Vietnam War arose in a period when they were declining. This chapter concludes that the Vietnam War was caused by the highly depressive President Lyndon Johnson’s underestimation of North Vietnamese resolve, and the subsequent American defeat was caused by the non-depressive Richard Nixon’s overestimation of it. The chapter also concludes that the outbreak of the Iraq War was caused by the Bush White House’s bona fide overestimation of Saddam’s military capabilities as well as his resolve to use them against America. Contrary to his father, President George W. Bush has a depressive temperament, but those who were in his influential inner circle of advisors, including Cheney and Powell, clearly have non-depressive ones.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959016"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959016"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959016; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959016]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959016]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959016; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959016']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959016, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959016]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959016,"title":"The Vietnam War Versus the Iraq War","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Vietnam War (1965–1973) and the Iraq War (2003–2011) were both lengthy quagmires that were instigated by the U.S. based on false intelligence. 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This chapter finds that both of these conflicts were not only anticipated but also encouraged by the U.S. – the former by the non-depressive Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and the latter by the non-depressive National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, under Presidents Nixon and Carter, respectively, who also had non-depressive temperaments. The U.S. expected the Egyptian attack to be more robust than it was (thus overestimating Egypt’s resolve) while Brzezinski and his associates in the CIA incorrectly assumed that, after it invaded Afghanistan, the Soviet Union would never leave pursuant to a negotiated settlement (thus overestimating the Soviet Union’s resolve).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959015"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959015"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959015; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959015]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959015; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959015']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959015, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959015]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959015,"title":"The Yom Kippur War and the Soviet-Afghan War","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Yom Kippur War (1973) and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979) that launched the Soviet-Afghan War, both occurred during periods of rising happiness in the U.S. Congress, although the conventional wisdom is that the outbreak of both of these wars took the U.S. completely by surprise. 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It is evident from the data and the case studies that, during the preludes to the outbreaks of wars, in times of rising happiness levels in the national legislature, leaders such as the President or Prime Minister tend to have non-depressive temperaments and, conversely, in times of falling happiness levels in the national legislative body, those leaders tend to have depressive temperaments. In the exceptional cases, the leaders are surrounded by close advisors, such as Cabinet members or powerful politicians, who conform to the above-noted principle and exert a strong influence on the advisee. For example, during the lead-up to the Crimean War in 1853, when the happiness levels of Parliament were on an upward trend, the British Prime Minister, Lord Aberdeen, had a depressive temperament as indicated by his usage of sadness words (1908 per million), which was significantly above the level of the Parliament as a whole at the time (1820 per million). 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The outbreak of the Spanish–American War was due to the non-depressive President McKinley’s overestimation of the resolve of Spain, which he believed to be responsible for the sinking of the USS Maine, when it was more likely that the Cuban insurgents were responsible. 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The outbreak of the Falkland Islands War was due to the depressive faction in the Cabinet (Prime Margaret Thatcher, Geoffrey Howe and John Nott) underestimating Argentinian resolve and denying the request of the non-depressive faction (Peter Carrington and Richard Luce) to retain Britain’s only ship in the South Atlantic, the HMS Endurance.","publisher":"War and Happiness","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"The Spanish–American War (1898) and the Falkland Islands War (1982) were both very brief wars—the former occurred during a period of rising happiness in the U.S. Congress, and the latter occurred during a period of falling happiness in the British Parliament. The outbreak of the Spanish–American War was due to the non-depressive President McKinley’s overestimation of the resolve of Spain, which he believed to be responsible for the sinking of the USS Maine, when it was more likely that the Cuban insurgents were responsible. The outbreak of the Falkland Islands War was due to the depressive faction in the Cabinet (Prime Margaret Thatcher, Geoffrey Howe and John Nott) underestimating Argentinian resolve and denying the request of the non-depressive faction (Peter Carrington and Richard Luce) to retain Britain’s only ship in the South Atlantic, the HMS Endurance.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959012/The_Falkland_Islands_War_Versus_the_Spanish_American_War","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:38.303-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Falkland_Islands_War_Versus_the_Spanish_American_War","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959011"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959011/Text_Mining_the_U_S_Congressional_Record"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Text Mining the U.S. Congressional Record" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959011/Text_Mining_the_U_S_Congressional_Record">Text Mining the U.S. Congressional Record</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the U.S. Congressional Record, 1880–2018 (a corpus of approximately 4 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Congressional Record corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from the Congressional Record is compared with other data concerning the American population as a whole, such as self-reported happiness and income inequality, as well as the data from the psycholinguistic text-mining of the Corpus of Historical American English.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959011"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959011"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959011; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959011]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959011]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959011; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959011']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959011, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959011]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959011,"title":"Text Mining the U.S. Congressional Record","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the U.S. Congressional Record, 1880–2018 (a corpus of approximately 4 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Congressional Record corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from the Congressional Record is compared with other data concerning the American population as a whole, such as self-reported happiness and income inequality, as well as the data from the psycholinguistic text-mining of the Corpus of Historical American English.","publisher":"War and Happiness","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the U.S. Congressional Record, 1880–2018 (a corpus of approximately 4 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Congressional Record corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from the Congressional Record is compared with other data concerning the American population as a whole, such as self-reported happiness and income inequality, as well as the data from the psycholinguistic text-mining of the Corpus of Historical American English.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959011/Text_Mining_the_U_S_Congressional_Record","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:38.171-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Text_Mining_the_U_S_Congressional_Record","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959009/Text_Mining_the_British_Hansard"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Text Mining the British Hansard" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959009/Text_Mining_the_British_Hansard">Text Mining the British Hansard</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the British Hansard, 1830–2004 (a corpus of approximately 1.6 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Hansard corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from Hansard is compared with other data concerning the British population as a whole, such as self-reported life satisfaction and income inequality.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959009; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959009]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959009; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959009']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959009, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959009]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959009,"title":"Text Mining the British Hansard","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the British Hansard, 1830–2004 (a corpus of approximately 1.6 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Hansard corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from Hansard is compared with other data concerning the British population as a whole, such as self-reported life satisfaction and income inequality.","publisher":"War and Happiness","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"This chapter discusses the methodology and the results of the psycholinguistic text mining of the British Hansard, 1830–2004 (a corpus of approximately 1.6 billion words). The key tool deployed is the internal dictionary in the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2015) program from which the book derives a list of 158 words indicative of the emotion of sadness. This chapter determines the annual frequencies of those words within the Hansard corpus and examines their relation to key events. The relevant data from Hansard is compared with other data concerning the British population as a whole, such as self-reported life satisfaction and income inequality.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959009/Text_Mining_the_British_Hansard","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:37.951-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Text_Mining_the_British_Hansard","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959008"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959008/Theories_of_Reputation_for_Resolve_From_Thucydides_to_Prospect_Theory"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Theories of Reputation for Resolve—From Thucydides to Prospect Theory" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959008/Theories_of_Reputation_for_Resolve_From_Thucydides_to_Prospect_Theory">Theories of Reputation for Resolve—From Thucydides to Prospect Theory</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter examines the existing international relations theories relating to the assessment of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter examines the existing international relations theories relating to the assessment of resolve, which include non-psychological approaches—classical realism (Thomas Schelling), deterrence and spiral theory (Robert Jervis), current calculus (Daryl Press) and neo-realism (Kenneth Waltz) as well as psychological ones—desires-based causal attribution (Jonathan Mercer), prospect theory (Kahneman) and the recent multi-factorial causation approach (Joshua Kertzer). None of these theories specifically address the issue of the role of temperament. The book’s hypotheses were developed in order to create a new approach that potentially fills this gap.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959008"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959008"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959008; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959008]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959008]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959008; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959008']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959008, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959008]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959008,"title":"Theories of Reputation for Resolve—From Thucydides to Prospect Theory","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter examines the existing international relations theories relating to the assessment of resolve, which include non-psychological approaches—classical realism (Thomas Schelling), deterrence and spiral theory (Robert Jervis), current calculus (Daryl Press) and neo-realism (Kenneth Waltz) as well as psychological ones—desires-based causal attribution (Jonathan Mercer), prospect theory (Kahneman) and the recent multi-factorial causation approach (Joshua Kertzer). None of these theories specifically address the issue of the role of temperament. The book’s hypotheses were developed in order to create a new approach that potentially fills this gap.","publisher":"War and Happiness","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"This chapter examines the existing international relations theories relating to the assessment of resolve, which include non-psychological approaches—classical realism (Thomas Schelling), deterrence and spiral theory (Robert Jervis), current calculus (Daryl Press) and neo-realism (Kenneth Waltz) as well as psychological ones—desires-based causal attribution (Jonathan Mercer), prospect theory (Kahneman) and the recent multi-factorial causation approach (Joshua Kertzer). None of these theories specifically address the issue of the role of temperament. The book’s hypotheses were developed in order to create a new approach that potentially fills this gap.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959008/Theories_of_Reputation_for_Resolve_From_Thucydides_to_Prospect_Theory","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:37.826-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Theories_of_Reputation_for_Resolve_From_Thucydides_to_Prospect_Theory","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959007"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959007/Volume_6_Issue_1_April_2009_Virtual_Worlds_as_a_New_Game_Theoretic_Model_for_International_Law_The_Case_of_Bilateral_Investment_Treaties"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Volume 6, Issue 1, April 2009 Virtual Worlds as a New Game Theoretic Model for International Law: The Case of Bilateral Investment Treaties" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83643383/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959007/Volume_6_Issue_1_April_2009_Virtual_Worlds_as_a_New_Game_Theoretic_Model_for_International_Law_The_Case_of_Bilateral_Investment_Treaties">Volume 6, Issue 1, April 2009 Virtual Worlds as a New Game Theoretic Model for International Law: The Case of Bilateral Investment Treaties</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Game theoretic analysis of international law has traditionally revolved around the Prisoner’s Dil...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Game theoretic analysis of international law has traditionally revolved around the Prisoner’s Dilemma, a model developed during the Cold War that reflects the general unenforceability of international agreements. Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) are, however, enforceable and require a different approach. The current global economic crisis will exacerbate the controversies concerning the broad powers exercised by the arbitrators appointed under BITs. It is thus imperative to explore a viable new game theoretic model, which can be provided by virtual worlds such as Second Life and World of Warcraft. DOI: 10.2966/scrip.060109.4 © Peter S. Jenkins 2009. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Licence. Please click on the link to read the terms and conditions. ∗ PhD candidate, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Member of the State Bar of California. The author would like to thank the anonymous referees and also Gus Van Harten and Craig M Scott for their helpful comments...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="607d55dadaa253cd86e44d0fc9791ab6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83643383,"asset_id":75959007,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83643383/download_file?st=MTczMzIzOTI0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzIzOTI0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959007"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959007"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959007; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959007]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959007]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959007; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959007']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959007, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "607d55dadaa253cd86e44d0fc9791ab6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959007]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959007,"title":"Volume 6, Issue 1, April 2009 Virtual Worlds as a New Game Theoretic Model for International Law: The Case of Bilateral Investment Treaties","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Game theoretic analysis of international law has traditionally revolved around the Prisoner’s Dilemma, a model developed during the Cold War that reflects the general unenforceability of international agreements. 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The author previously discussed this concept in a 2004 article concerning freedom of speech in online role-playing games such as World of Warcraft, when Facebook was still in its infancy. Although the controversy concerning freedom of speech in online games has died down over the past decade, Facebook’s censorship practices, together with its potential transformation into a mammoth virtual world, have reignited such concerns. The emergence of augmented reality (AR) glasses will aggravate the problem. Non-constitutional forms of law, such as the common law, will not adapt to this technology quickly enough. As a result, society will soon have to make a conceptual leap in constitutional values to avoid the permanent curtailment of its freedom of speech.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959006"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959006"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959006; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959006]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959006]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959006; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959006']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959006, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959006]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959006,"title":"Always-on Augmented Reality and the 'Holo-ing Out' of the Individual","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Facebook, with over 1.3 billion active monthly users and its recent acquisition of the virtual reality headset company Oculus Rift, may become an enormous virtual world without precedent. The author previously discussed this concept in a 2004 article concerning freedom of speech in online role-playing games such as World of Warcraft, when Facebook was still in its infancy. Although the controversy concerning freedom of speech in online games has died down over the past decade, Facebook’s censorship practices, together with its potential transformation into a mammoth virtual world, have reignited such concerns. The emergence of augmented reality (AR) glasses will aggravate the problem. Non-constitutional forms of law, such as the common law, will not adapt to this technology quickly enough. As a result, society will soon have to make a conceptual leap in constitutional values to avoid the permanent curtailment of its freedom of speech.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Facebook, with over 1.3 billion active monthly users and its recent acquisition of the virtual reality headset company Oculus Rift, may become an enormous virtual world without precedent. The author previously discussed this concept in a 2004 article concerning freedom of speech in online role-playing games such as World of Warcraft, when Facebook was still in its infancy. Although the controversy concerning freedom of speech in online games has died down over the past decade, Facebook’s censorship practices, together with its potential transformation into a mammoth virtual world, have reignited such concerns. The emergence of augmented reality (AR) glasses will aggravate the problem. 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As a result, society will soon have to make a conceptual leap in constitutional values to avoid the permanent curtailment of its freedom of speech.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959006/Always_on_Augmented_Reality_and_the_Holo_ing_Out_of_the_Individual","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:37.460-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Always_on_Augmented_Reality_and_the_Holo_ing_Out_of_the_Individual","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology"},{"id":757,"name":"Game Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Game_Theory"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law"},{"id":4972,"name":"Psycholinguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psycholinguistics"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media"},{"id":14200,"name":"Freedom Of Expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freedom_Of_Expression"},{"id":41030,"name":"Mobile Augmented Reality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Augmented_Reality"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959005"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959005/The_Appeasement_of_Nazi_Germany"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Appeasement of Nazi Germany" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83643464/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959005/The_Appeasement_of_Nazi_Germany">The Appeasement of Nazi Germany</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter contains a detailed case study of the process of appeasement of Nazi Germany in the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter contains a detailed case study of the process of appeasement of Nazi Germany in the prelude to World War II. It discusses the falling levels of happiness in the British Parliament and how the Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, concealed his depressive temperament behind a carefully contrived public persona. As a result, Chamberlain notoriously underestimated Hitler’s resolve to gain further territory after his annexation of the Sudetenland pursuant to the 1938 Munich Agreement. At the same time, Chamberlain overestimated the resolve of British allies, stating for example during the Polish Crisis immediately before the outbreak of World War II that he was “more worried about getting the Poles to be reasonable than the Germans”.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0b7af8b64fc934138a288e43e03bc77e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83643464,"asset_id":75959005,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83643464/download_file?st=MTczMzIzOTI0MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzIzOTI0MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959005"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959005"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959005; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959005]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959005]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959005; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959005']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959005, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0b7af8b64fc934138a288e43e03bc77e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959005]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959005,"title":"The Appeasement of Nazi Germany","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter contains a detailed case study of the process of appeasement of Nazi Germany in the prelude to World War II. 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This chapter addresses various substantive and methodological issues and, based on a review of the data in the literature, concludes that depression either causes a depressive explanatory style or is significantly associated with it. It further finds that depressed individuals do not make more accurate assessments than non-depressed ones, i.e. they are not “sadder but wiser”. The chapter also finds that the notion that explanatory styles are different in individualistic Western cultures versus collectivistic Eastern ones should not be applied in a blanket manner.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959004"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959004"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959004; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959004]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959004]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959004; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959004']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959004, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959004]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959004,"title":"Explanatory Style Explained","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The reversal of explanatory style in depressed individuals is well-established in the psychological literature, as is the concept of concept of group explanatory styles, based on the emotional climate. 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This chapter finds that the outbreak of the Crimean War was caused by the Russophobe faction in the British Cabinet (the non-depressive Lords Palmerston and Russell) which prevailed over the Russophile one (the depressive Lords Aberdeen and Gladstone), so that Britain overestimated Russia’s resolve to dismember the Ottoman Empire. This chapter also concludes that the reason for the outbreak of the Suez Crisis was Britain’s underestimation of Nasser’s resolve in 1954 when the ailing and depressive Prime Minister Winston Churchill, together with his obsequious Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, agreed to withdraw British Forces from Egypt, leading to Nasser’s decision to nationalize the Canal.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959003"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959003"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959003; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959003]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959003]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959003; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959003']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959003, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959003]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959003,"title":"The Crimean War Versus the Suez Crisis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Crimean War (1853–1856) occurred during a period of rising happiness in the British Parliament, and the Suez Crisis of 1956, during a period of falling happiness, although the absolute happiness levels were similar in both times. 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This chapter also concludes that the reason for the outbreak of the Suez Crisis was Britain’s underestimation of Nasser’s resolve in 1954 when the ailing and depressive Prime Minister Winston Churchill, together with his obsequious Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, agreed to withdraw British Forces from Egypt, leading to Nasser’s decision to nationalize the Canal.","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"The Crimean War (1853–1856) occurred during a period of rising happiness in the British Parliament, and the Suez Crisis of 1956, during a period of falling happiness, although the absolute happiness levels were similar in both times. 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This chapter also concludes that the reason for the outbreak of the Suez Crisis was Britain’s underestimation of Nasser’s resolve in 1954 when the ailing and depressive Prime Minister Winston Churchill, together with his obsequious Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, agreed to withdraw British Forces from Egypt, leading to Nasser’s decision to nationalize the Canal.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75959003/The_Crimean_War_Versus_the_Suez_Crisis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-09T21:35:36.903-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":53652382,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Crimean_War_Versus_the_Suez_Crisis","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":53652382,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Jenkins","page_name":"PeterJenkins14","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-09-19T09:50:53.489-07:00","display_name":"Peter Jenkins","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterJenkins14"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History"}],"urls":[{"id":19303523,"url":"http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030-14078-6_8"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959002"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959002/The_Four_Crises_Leading_to_the_First_World_War"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Four Crises Leading to the First World War" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959002/The_Four_Crises_Leading_to_the_First_World_War">The Four Crises Leading to the First World War</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter contains a detailed case study of the four international crises involving the Great ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter contains a detailed case study of the four international crises involving the Great Powers from 1905 to 1914 which led to the outbreak of World War I—the First Moroccan Crisis (1905–1906), the Bosnia-Herzegovina Crisis (1909), the Agadir Crisis (1911) and the July Crisis (1914). It discusses the relationship between the rising level of happiness in the British Parliament and the Foreign Office and the British overestimation of German resolve, which caused the non-depressive Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, to fail to deter Germany by giving it a clear warning, since he perceived that doing so would merely provoke it into taking military action. The chapter also discusses the corresponding underestimation of Britain by Kaiser Wilhelm II and his inner circle of advisors, due to their depressive temperaments.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959002"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959002"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959002; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959002]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959002]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959002; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959002']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959002, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959002]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959002,"title":"The Four Crises Leading to the First World War","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This chapter contains a detailed case study of the four international crises involving the Great Powers from 1905 to 1914 which led to the outbreak of World War I—the First Moroccan Crisis (1905–1906), the Bosnia-Herzegovina Crisis (1909), the Agadir Crisis (1911) and the July Crisis (1914). It discusses the relationship between the rising level of happiness in the British Parliament and the Foreign Office and the British overestimation of German resolve, which caused the non-depressive Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, to fail to deter Germany by giving it a clear warning, since he perceived that doing so would merely provoke it into taking military action. 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It discusses the relationship between the rising level of happiness in the British Parliament and the Foreign Office and the British overestimation of German resolve, which caused the non-depressive Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, to fail to deter Germany by giving it a clear warning, since he perceived that doing so would merely provoke it into taking military action. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959001"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959001/Pearl_Harbor"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pearl Harbor" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959001/Pearl_Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959001"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959001"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959001; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75959000"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959000/Donald_Trump_and_the_Future_of_American_Foreign_Policy_Syria_Iran_and_North_Korea"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Donald Trump and the Future of American Foreign Policy: Syria, Iran and North Korea" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75959000/Donald_Trump_and_the_Future_of_American_Foreign_Policy_Syria_Iran_and_North_Korea">Donald Trump and the Future of American Foreign Policy: Syria, Iran and North Korea</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Based on semantic and psycholinguistic analyses of President Trumps’ speeches and tweets, this ch...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Based on semantic and psycholinguistic analyses of President Trumps’ speeches and tweets, this chapter finds that his temperament has a remarkable similarly to that of Kaiser Wilhelm II, which was a highly depressive one. However, Trump’s temperament, like that of George W. Bush, is counter-balanced by the non-depressive temperaments of his influential inner circle of advisors, including Vice-President Michael Pence, Secretary of State Michael Pompeo, and Secretary of Defense James Mattis. As a result, Trump is unlikely to underestimate the resolve of America’s current adversaries, Syria, Iran and North Korea, but there remains a substantial risk that he may overestimate it.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75959000"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75959000"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959000; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959000]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75959000]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75959000; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75959000']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75959000, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75959000]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75959000,"title":"Donald Trump and the Future of American Foreign Policy: Syria, Iran and North Korea","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Based on semantic and psycholinguistic analyses of President Trumps’ speeches and tweets, this chapter finds that his temperament has a remarkable similarly to that of Kaiser Wilhelm II, which was a highly depressive one. However, Trump’s temperament, like that of George W. Bush, is counter-balanced by the non-depressive temperaments of his influential inner circle of advisors, including Vice-President Michael Pence, Secretary of State Michael Pompeo, and Secretary of Defense James Mattis. As a result, Trump is unlikely to underestimate the resolve of America’s current adversaries, Syria, Iran and North Korea, but there remains a substantial risk that he may overestimate it.","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"War and Happiness"},"translated_abstract":"Based on semantic and psycholinguistic analyses of President Trumps’ speeches and tweets, this chapter finds that his temperament has a remarkable similarly to that of Kaiser Wilhelm II, which was a highly depressive one. However, Trump’s temperament, like that of George W. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75958999"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75958999/War_and_Happiness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of War and Happiness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75958999/War_and_Happiness">War and Happiness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>War and Happiness</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75958999"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75958999"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75958999; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75958998"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75958998/Absolutist_Pragmatist_and_Realist_Approaches_to_Research_Ethics_in_the_Digital_Humanities_The_Case_of_the_Schneerson_Collection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Absolutist, Pragmatist and Realist Approaches to Research Ethics in the Digital Humanities: The Case of the Schneerson Collection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75958998/Absolutist_Pragmatist_and_Realist_Approaches_to_Research_Ethics_in_the_Digital_Humanities_The_Case_of_the_Schneerson_Collection">Absolutist, Pragmatist and Realist Approaches to Research Ethics in the Digital Humanities: The Case of the Schneerson Collection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ethical absolutism would prohibit any use by researchers of material initially obtained illegally...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ethical absolutism would prohibit any use by researchers of material initially obtained illegally or unethically, whereas ethical pragmatism would determine whether any offsetting benefit could be salvaged from data obtained from irreversible injustices. Ethical realism would determine whether the data was originally collected under circumstances that would have been considered illegal, dishonest or unduly coercive at the time and, if so, whether its use would create lasting, negative impacts on a particular people or community. Testing the three ethical approaches against subjects of digital humanities research, such as WikiLeaks, indicates that ethical realism is the most suitable one. 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