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margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display:block;} .l_sidebar a:link,.l_sidebar a:visited, .middle_sidebar a:link, .middle_sidebar a:visited, .r_sidebar a:visited, .r_sidebar a:link{ /*color:#0183B2; old blue*/ color: #394244; font-size: 1.4rem; border-top: 1px solid lightgrey; /*word-spacing: -.3rem; */ } .new_subscription_block { font-family:"Muli", sans-serif ; background: #daf4fc; border-radius: 0rem; margin:4% 5% 4% 5%; padding: 5% 7% 5% 7%; line-height:150%; } .new_subscription_block p{ Font-Family:Lora; font-style:italic;} .new_subscription_block h3, h4 {font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; } .r_sub_con a:visited, .r_sub_con a:link, .new_subscription_block a:visited, .new_subscription_block a:link{ border-top: 0px ;} /* turn off links */ #clearfixheader { clear: both; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; padding-top:0px; } .social_li ul li a:link, .social_li ul li a, .social_li a:link, .social_li li a, .social_li a { padding: .2rem .8rem !important /* this controls how tall & wide socialbuttons are ; remove !important when style.css is consolidated */ color:#1e3a4a } .social_li li{display:inline; margin-left:10px ;margin-left:1rem; margin-right:10px; margin-right:1rem;} .centerwrap ul {margin: 0px -1% 0px 0%} #navbar{ font-size: 1.6rem; _font-family: "Oswald", sans-serif !important; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif !important; font-weight: 400; _text-transform: uppercase; font-weight:bold; z-index:99; /*margin-top, margin-bottom: 0px !important; */ text-alignment:center; height:auto !important; text-align:justify; -ms-text-justify:distribute-all-lines; text-justify:distribute-all-lines; _letter-spacing:-.5px; color:#39AACF; margin-top: 0px; margin-left:0%; _margin-right:7% ; border-radius:0px; _background-color:rgba(118,154,172,.9); background-color:rgba(57, 170, 207, .85); min-width:245px; _width: 86%; width: 100%; } #navbar a{ _font-weight:bold; text-decoration:none; font-weight:bold; padding:0 12px; padding:0 1rem; padding-top: 2px; text-decoration:none; letter-spacing: .1px; color: white; _font-family: Helvetica; _font-family: "Oswald", sans-serif !important; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif font-weight: 600; font-size: 1.55rem; line-height: 2.2rem; padding-top: 3px; } .nav ul, .socmedia ul {text-align:center} /*#nav{list-style-type:none;} */ /* #nav li{display:inline;float:left;list-style-type:none} #nav .stretch { display: inline-block; width: 100%; *display: inline; zoom: 1 } */ /*icons by https://www.entypo.com/*/ .social_li ul li a:link, .social_li ul li a,.social a:link, .social_li li a, .social_li a { padding: 0 .8rem !important; /* this controls how tall & wide socialbuttons are ; remove !important when style.css is consolidated */ color: white; /*#1e3a4a */ } /* might work to space out items more nav li:before { margin-left: 3px} */ #search-old2{ display: inline-block!important; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; float: none!important; width: 115px!important; font-family: font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",Times,serif !important; background-color: #1497c2; text-align: left !important; font-weight: normal!important; } #search-old2 form{background:none!important; width:110px; height:100%; margin-top:2px !important; padding:0px} /* this indents widget */ .contentwrapper ul li li{ text-indent: -1.1rem; } .contentwrapper a, a:visited, a:hover{font-size: inherit; } /* 1.6rem; shouldnt this just inherit */ .middle_sidebar ul , .r_sidebar ul , .l_sidebar ul, .contentmiddle ul, .r_sidebar ul li { background:none; list-style-type:none; } /*shading boxes around ads + contact info*/ .r_sidebar .r_adbx_top, .r_sub_con,.r_about_ad{background: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 0rem; } /*#bdbec2 */ .r_adbx_top, .r_sub_con,.r_about_ad{text-align:left; padding: 10px 18px 10px 18px; margin:12px -4px 0px -4px;} .box { border: .2rem solid black; font-size: 4rem; border-radius:2px;} .lightbox {border: .1rem solid grey ;} _colorcontrast {background-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); margin: 0px; border-right: 9px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); border-left: 9px solid rgb(224, 224, 224); border-radius: 8px;} .tagline { text-align:left ; font-size:13px; font-size:1.3hw; line-height:100%; margin:0; margin-top: 6px; /* color:white !important; */ margin-left:6px; padding:2px; color:#4a7d96; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } #tagline_container{ max-width:335px; width:100%; margin-top: 50px; margin-left: 21px; } _ad_logo_wrapper{margin-left:3.5%; margin-right:4.3%;} #ad_logo_wrapper{margin-left:7%; margin-right:4%; margin-top:3px;} #logocontainer{width:auto; float:left; margin-left:0px; margin-top: 0px; max-width:40%; } #big_logo { /* margin-left: 25%; max-width: 7%; transform: scale(8); float: left; width:100%; max-height: 10%; */ } #big_logo{ transform: scale(8); max-height:10%; max-width:325px; float: left !important; text-align: left; width: 100%; } #logo_container { width: 100%; float: left; z-index: -40; /* overflow: visible; */ max-width: 600px; max-height: 200px; min-width: 140px; margin-left: 20px; height: auto; min-height: 40px; margin-top: 0px; _background-image: url(/wp-content/themes/openculture_v3a/images/openculture_banner.png); background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; max-width:80vw;; /*css3 viewport setting */ } .left { /* border: 2px dashed #f0f; */ text-align:left; _min-height:40px; height:auto; _margin-top: 45px; margin-left: 0px; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-stacked-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-stacked-logo-with-stacked-tagline.svg") no-repeat; _background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo-with-tagline.svg") no-repeat; background-size: contain; max-width:600px; min-width:90px; overflow:hidden; _background-position-y:0px; _background-position-x:0px; background-position-x: center !important; background-position-y: center !important; z-index:200; } .right { float: right; _width: 740px; /*min-height: 25px;*/ margin-left: 2.5%; padding-left: 0px; margin-right: 20px ; padding-right:0px; /* border: 2px dashed #00f; */ position:relative; z-index:200; } .top{} .bottom{ background: url("https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/images/open-culture-horizontal-logo.svg") no-repeat; _background-size: contain; background-size: revert-layer; min-height:80px; /* border: 2px dashed green; */ clear:both; padding-top:8px; _margin: 4px 10px 0 10px; _background-position-y: 0px; /* min-height: 65px; */ clear: both; background-position-x: center; background-position-y:center; padding-top: 0px; margin: 2px 1rem 0px 1rem; /* height: 90px; */ _min-height: 110px; } #footerW{ right: 0; left: 0; position: relative; padding: 0; overflow:hidden;} .clear {clear:both;} .logo_clickable { position:absolute; width:100%; height:100%; top:0; left: 0; z-index: 50; _position:absolute; /* fixes overlap error in IE7/8, make sure you have an empty gif */ _background-image: url('empty.gif'); } .socialblock li {top: 2px;} .social-mail a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter.svg) no-repeat;} .social-facebook a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook.svg) no-repeat;} .social-rss a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss.svg) no-repeat;} .social-search a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} .sb-icon-search {background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} .social-mail-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail-black.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-facebook-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-rss-black a{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss-black.svg) no-repeat} .social-mail a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/mail-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-twitter a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/twitter-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-facebook a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/facebook-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-rss a:hover { background: url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/rss-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .social-search a:hover{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass-hover.svg) no-repeat;} .sb-icon-search :hover {background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} /* override images that we dont want to go to margin */ .contentmiddle img.noexpand, .contentmiddle p img.noexpand, .contentmiddle img[src$="feed-icon16x16139.png"],img[title|="noexpand"], .contentmiddle div.noexpand img, .contentmiddle div.noexpand p img , .begbox img, .ct_comment_info img, ct_this_is_spam img, ct_comment_info div{ width:initial !important; display: block !important; line-height: 100%; } .noexpand img {width:initial !important;} /*this seems to work more reliably than above */ .contentmiddle img.oneXone {width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important;} .contentmiddle img.noexpand.center{display:block !important; } #footer { color: white; width: 100%; /*margin:0 auto; */ margin-bottom:100px; padding:28px 0 0 0px; font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; font-weight:400; clear:both; display:inline-block; } .framearound_ad_in_post{margin: .6rem 0px 2.4rem 0px; height:auto;max-height:120px; width:100%;padding:0px; border: 2px solid #D3D3D3; border-radius:8px;min-height:3rem; } .advertisement_notice{text-align:center; font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant:small caps; color: #0183b2;} .begbox{color:white;width:100%;display:inline-block; background: #36b0d8; margin-left: -4px; padding: 0; font-family: Lora, "Lora", Times, serif;font-style:normal} .begbox img { width:250px ; margin: 8px auto} .begbox p, .begbox div {margin: 1em 0px 0 12px} .da_bottom {line-height:10%} .no-framearound_ad_in_post {padding-bottom: 25px; padding-top:15px; width: 100%} img.no-framearound_ad_in_post {width:100%} .responsive_belowheadline_ad{ height: 100%; display:inline-block; width:98%; min-height:70px; max-height:200px; margin-right:4px; padding-bottom: 10px; } /*comment box */ div.cbInner {background: #eaebe8; border-radius:8px ;} div.cbInner h5 {color: #000;} .comments {color:#000:;} /*bullets*/ /*set chevrons on all widgets don't turn it on for ul li in sidebars*/ /*.contentwrapper ul li li, */ .r_sidebar a:link,.r_sidebar a:visited,.r_sidebar a:hover,.middle_sidebar a:link,.middle_sidebar a:visited,.middle_sidebar a:hover{ font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: inherit; } .contentmiddle a:link, .contentwrapper a {text-decoration:none; } .l_sidebar ul li a:hover, .middle_sidebar ul li a:hover, .r_sidebar ul li a:hover, .contentmiddle a:hover { text-decoration:underline} #footer ul li {line-height:130%; list-style:none;} #footer ul li a:link {color:white; font-size:1.6rem; text-decoration:none;} #footer ul li a:hover {text-decoration:underline;} .l_sidebar li a, .r_sidebar li a, .middle_sidebar li a{ /*display:block; */ /*OC-typography.png */ text-decoration:none; padding-left: 1em; /*font-style:italic;*/ font-family:"Muli", sans-serif; _font-style:bold; font-weight:400; color:#394244; } .widgettitle{ _border-top-width: 1px; _border-top-style: dotted; _border-top-color: gray; font-family:"Lora", sans-serif !important; font-weight: 600; _font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 19px; font-weight: bold; padding: 3px ; margin: 8px 2px 2px 1px !important; /*color: #898477; */ letter-spacing: -.5px; } .widgetbox ul,.widget_categories ul, .widget_archive ul { border-bottom: 1px dotted #d1ccbc ; padding-bottom: 30px !important; display:block;} .widgetbox li a, .widget_categories li a, .widget_archive li a {display:block;} .recent_post{ border-bottom: 1px dotted #d1ccbc; padding: 0 0 30px 0px; margin-bottom: 30px; line-height:150%; overflow:hidden; } .noborder, .middle_sidebar.noborder:link, div.noborder a {border-top: 0px white !important;} .contentmiddle ul li a{} /*set chevrons on all widgets don't turn it on for ul li in sidebars* .contentwrapper ul li li,*/ .contentmiddle li, .r_sidebar li, .l_sidebar li, .middle_sidebar li { /* background:url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhBQAFALMJANTPvq2ok8rGs8C8qMXBrrKtmLeynufj0+Pezvby4wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAAkALAAAAAAFAAUAQAQQcByCkqQpCQPCKYiBfCESAQA7) no-repeat 0 10px; */ list-style-type:none; zoom:1; margin-left: .8em; zoom: 1; padding-left: .2em; margin-bottom: .3em; line-height:1.9rem; } .contentmiddle ul li li :before , .r_sidebar ul li li :before, .middle_sidebar ul li li :before, .l_sidebar ul li li :before { /*content: "\25B8"; */ float:left; padding-right:1rem; font-style:normal;} .contentmiddle ul li li li :before {content:none;} .contentmiddle ul li {list-style-type: none; padding-right:.8rem; padding-bottom: .4rem; font-style:normal;} /*set general padding for Ul lists */ .contentwrapper ul { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 10px 0; background:none; } .middle_sidebar ul , .r_sidebar ul , .l_sidebar ul, .contentmiddle ul { background:none; list-style-type:none; } /*titles in widgets*/ .widgettitle, ul.l_sidebar li h2, ul.r_sidebar li h2, ul.middle_sidebar li h2, .middle_sidebar li h2 { font-weight:normal; padding:3px; margin:2px 2px 2px 1px; _font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-family:Lora; color:#fc621f letter-spacing:-.5px; list-style-type:none; background: none !important; font-size: 1.9rem; } .r_sidebar ul {margin-left:-.6rem;} .middle_sidebar ul{ margin-top:1.2rem; margin-left:-1.1rem;} .middle_sidebar ul li {background:none } .contentmiddle li {background: none no-repeat 0 10px; list-style-type:none; zoom:1; /*margin-left: .8rem; */ zoom: 1; padding-left: .2rem; margin-bottom: 0rem; } /* turn off bullets on headers */ .contentwrapper ul {background:none;} /*lists inside lists */ .contentmiddle ul li li {margin-bottom:0rem; margin-left:5rem; list-style-type: none; } .contentwrapper ul {content:"";} .contentmiddle ul li li:before, .contentmiddle ul li:before, .middle_sidebar ul li li :before, /*put right triangle before bullets */ .middle_sidebar ul li li, .r_sidebar ul li li, .l_sidebar ul li li {line-height:inherit;} // Variables @colorBase: #394244; .transition (@prop: all, @time: 1s, @ease: linear) { -webkit-transition: @prop @time @ease; -moz-transition: @prop @time @ease; -o-transition: @prop @time @ease; -ms-transition: @prop @time @ease; transition: @prop @time @ease; } .universal-inline-block { display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline; } /* horizontal buttons */ div .social-icons2 { text-align: center; font-family: "Open Sans"; font-weight: 300; font-size: 1.5em; color: @colorBase; _margin: -2% -8% -2% -14%; } .social-icons2 ul { margin: 0; _padding: 0; list-style-type: none; text-align: center; } .social-icons2 ul li { _padding: 0px 8px 0px 6px; display:inline-block; text-indent:0; margin: 0px -4px 0px -4px;} .social-icons2 ul li a { text-decoration: none; _padding: .1rem .8rem; color: #fff; } .social-icons2-altmargin ul li {padding: 0 20px;} .social-icons2 ul li a:hover{ color: #1497c2; } .margin_left_10 {margin-left:-10px;} .white_background {background-color:white;} .oc-center, .oc-center img { width:100% ; max-width:100% !important; margin:0 auto; display:block; text-align:center;} .oc-center-da, .oc-center-da img, .oc-center-da object, .oc-center-da img { max-width: 100% !important; width: 100% !important; margin:0 auto; display: block; text-align:center;} /*fix expanding captcha refresh */ #fscf_captcha_refresh1 {width: 24px;height: 24px;} .oc-video-container { position: relative; _padding-bottom: 63.25%; padding-bottom:54%; padding-top: 10px; height: 0; } a.mashicon-reddit{background-color: darkred;} /* allow for override of img resizer */ .contentmiddle div.oc-no-resize-center img{ width: inherit !important; margin 0 auto; float:left} /*#footer img{width:inherit!important ;} */ /*footer stuff */ #flexcanvas{ width: 100%; max-width:100%; _height: 600px !important; margin-left: 3px; } .rowParent, .columnParent{ display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: -webkit-flex; display: flex; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-flex-wrap: nowrap; -ms-flex-wrap: nowrap; flex-wrap: nowrap; -webkit-box-pack: start; -webkit-justify-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-pack: start; justify-content: flex-start; -webkit-align-content: stretch; -ms-flex-line-pack: stretch; align-content: stretch; -webkit-box-align: stretch; -webkit-align-items: stretch; -ms-flex-align: stretch; align-items: stretch; } .columnParent{ -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .flexChild{ -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-flex: 1; -ms-flex: 1; flex: 1; -webkit-align-self: auto; -ms-flex-item-align: auto; align-self: auto; margin:1px; font-size:1.3rem; /*border: 1px dotted #d1ccbc */ } .flexChild ul, .flexChild ul li {margin-left:-1.2rem;} .rowChild85696 {padding:1.8rem; margin-bottom:1.4rem} .rowChild9255 {margin:0px;} .minustopbottommargin20{margin-top:-20px !important; margin-bottom:-20px !important;} .minustopbottommargin40{margin-top:-40px !important; margin-bottom:-40px !important;} .minustopmargin20{margin-top:-20px !important;} .minustopmargin40{margin-top:-40px !important;} .curatedcategory ul li { text-decoration: none; list-style-type: none; padding: 0px; margin-left:1.0rem; line-height: 140%;} .curatedcategory ul {margin-left: 1.2rem;} .curatedcategory h2 {margin-left:1.0rem;} .curatedcategory h2 a {font-variant:small-caps;} .contentmiddle ol {list-style-type:decimal; font-size:inherit;} .contentmiddle ol li {list-style-type:decimal; font-size:inherit;line-spacing:120%;margin-bottom:.8rem;} input[type=search] { -moz-appearance:none; -webkit-appearance:none; } .sb-search { position: relative; color:#fff; border:none; width: 20px; width: 0%; min-width: 24px; min-height: 2.4rem; float: right; height:100%; overflow: hidden; -webkit-transition: width 0.3s; -moz-transition: width 0.3s; transition: width 0.6s; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; } .sb-search-input, input[type="search"] { position: absolute; top: -6px; right: 0px; border: none; outline: none; margin-right:24px; width: 100%; height: 88%; min-height:2.5rem; _margin: 8px 2px 8px 2px; z-index: 25; _padding: 4px 65px 4px 20px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1.8rem; color: white; background-color:#1497c2; } input[type="search"] {background-color:#1497c2;} .sb-icon-search, .sb-search-submit { display:block; position: absolute; border:none; right: 0; top: 0; float: right; padding: 0; _margin: 0; _line-height: 24px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; background-color:#fff; _background-color:#1497c2; _height:1.9rem; color:white; width: 1.6rem; height: 2.3rem; _margin-top: 6px; } .sb-search-submit { background: #fff; /* IE needs this */ -ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(Opacity=0)"; /* IE 8 */ filter: alpha(opacity=0); /* IE 5-7 */ opacity: 0; color: transparent; border: none; outline: none; z-index: -1; width: 100%; } /*.sb-icon-search{background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat;} */ .sb-icon-search{ color:white; background:url(//www.openculture.com/wp-content/themes/openculture_v4a/icons/magnifying-glass.svg) no-repeat; background-position-y:center; background-margin-y:4px;} li.search-popout {_display:none; top:.8rem;} .sb-search form {min-height:20px;} input[type=text].sb-search-input,textarea.sb-search-input {background-color:#1497c2; color:#FFF;} #navbar :after {clear:both;} /* fix placeholder color */ ::-webkit-input-placeholder { /* WebKit, Blink, Edge */ color: #fff; } :-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 4 to 18 */ color: #fff; opacity: 1; } ::-moz-placeholder { /* Mozilla Firefox 19+ */ color: #fff; opacity: 1; } :-ms-input-placeholder { /* Internet Explorer 10-11 */ color: #fff; } .sb-search.sb-search-open, .no-js .sb-search { width: 100%; min-width:300px; min-width: 75vw; margin-left: -10vw; overflow:visible;; } .sb-search.sb-search-open .sb-icon-search, .no-js .sb-search .sb-icon-search { z-index: 11; } .sb-search.sb-search-open .sb-search-submit, .no-js .sb-search .sb-search-submit { z-index: 90; } .negativetopmargin50 {margin-top:-50px;} .negativetopmargin40 {margin-top:-40px;} .negativetopmargin20 {margin-top:-20px;} .bulleted, .bulleted ul {list-style-type: disc;} .bulleted ul li, .contentmiddle.p1 ul li, .p1 li, .contentmiddle li,.contentmiddle.p1 ul li,.entry ul li, .entry ul {list-style-type: disc;} #last, .last a, .li a last {color:black !important;} .cli-bar-message {font-family:Lora,"Lora",Times,serif;} .addtoany_shortcode div {margin-top: 14px;} /*Step 5 aesthetic tweaks, including column width changes*/ @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { body { margin-top:1rem !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:1024px) and (min-width:930px){ body { _font-size:88%; margin-top: 15px;} ul li#K-12{display:inline} .contentmiddle{width:54%!important} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:30px !important;} #ad_logo_wrapper { margin-left:.2rem; margin-top: 4rem !important;} #navbar {margin-top: -2rem !important;width:100%;} #ad_logo_wrapper {margin: 0 3% 0 3% !important; width:93% !important;} .contentwrapper {width: 94% !important; margin: 6px 1rem 0 1rem !important; _margin: 12px 7% 0 7%;} } @media only screen and (max-width:929px) and (min-width:890px){ #ad_logo_wrapper {margin-left:2% !important; margin-right:2% !important; width:96% !important;} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:65px !important;} .contentmiddle{width:64% !important;} .middle_sidebar{width:34% !important;} } @media only screen and (max-width:891px) and (min-width:821px){ /* less than 891 px, more than 821, run all three ads */ .contentmiddle{width:64% !important;} .middle_sidebar{width:34% !important;} html{margin-top:45px;;} #clearfixheader{ margin-top:60px !important;} /* #wrap{margin-top:100px !important;}*/ /* .left{background: 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data-ad-slot="1279265463" data-ad-format="auto"></ins><br> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-104240" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/leonard-nimoy-speaks-yiddish.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Leonard Nimoy Recites Famous Soliloquy from <i>Hamlet</i> in Yiddish: “To Be or Not To Be”"> Leonard Nimoy Recites Famous Soliloquy from <i>Hamlet</i> in Yiddish: “To Be or Not To Be” </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/life" rel="category tag">Life</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/sci_fi" rel="category tag">Sci Fi</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/television" rel="category tag">Television</a> </em> | February 28th, 2015 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-104240" class="post-104240 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-life category-sci_fi category-television"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/9QAYvI5CC5s?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen loading="lazy"></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Leonard Nimoy’s death yesteday at the age of 83 is an enormous loss to fans across the world who loved and respected the actor. Nimoy may have never transcended his <em>Star Trek</em> character Spock, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/28/arts/television/for-leonard-nimoy-spocks-hold-made-reaching-escape-velocity-futile.html?_r=0">though he tried</a>, but he seemed to have made his peace with that, <a href="http://www.vox.com/2015/2/27/8121067/leonard-nimoy-twitter">signing his many wise tweets</a> in the last few months of his life with the acronym “LLAP,” or “live long and prosper,” the Vulcan farewell. The actor and his most famous character were very familiar to even non-fans of the show; Spock has come to represent an archetype of the dispassionate and rational, and Nimoy eventually immersed himself in the <em>Star Trek</em> universe, penning <em>Star Trek</em> novels and continuing to star in the franchise’s many films (and in <a href="http://herocomplex.latimes.com/movies/spock-vs-spock-leonard-nimoy-and-zachary-quinto-spar-in-audi-ad/#/0">good natured car ads</a> with his replacement). He was an ambassador for science fiction, and <a href="http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/celebrities/294420371.html">an ambassador for science fact</a>, as a major donor to NASA and <a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/01/leonard_nimoy_narrates_short_film_about_nasas_dawn_a_voyage_to_the_origins_of_the_solar_system.html">narrator</a> of several films about astronomy.</p> <p>Nimoy also had several other non- <em>Trek</em> endeavors of note, including his work as a <a href="http://mashable.com/2015/02/27/leonard-nimoy-women-photographs/?utm_cid=mash-com-fb-main-link">photographer</a> and narrator of audiobooks about, for example, <a href="http://music.paulwinter.com/album/whales-alive" rel="nofollow">whales</a>. And while Spock fans watched the actor inhabit the half-Vulcan, half-human character’s existential struggles with his identity, Nimoy the actor had his own distinctive background as the son of Ukrainian Jewish immigrants. His parents escaped the town of Zaslav in what was then Soviet Russia and emigrated to Boston’s West End, a neighborhood roughly 60 percent Italian and 25–30 percent Jewish. It was a place—Nimoy says in the engaging 10 minute excerpt above from an interview with Christa Whitney—where the Italians spoke Yiddish and the Jews spoke Italian (Nimoy speaks some Yiddish, some famous lines from <em>Hamlet!</em>, above).</p> <p>Nimoy remembers his personal history, his parents’ bemusement with Spock, and his own identification with the famous character: “Spock is an alien wherever he is,” says Nimoy, “not totally at home in the Vulcan culture… not totally at home in the human culture. And that alienation is something that I had learned in Boston… so I understood that aspect of the character.” The interview was taped in October of 2013 as <a href="http://www.yiddishbookcenter.org/Leonard-Nimoy" rel="nofollow">part of the Yiddish Book Center’s Wexler Oral History Project</a>. As we grieve the loss of Nimoy-as-Spock, it’s a fitting way to get to know much more about the man himself. Hear much more of Nimoy’s Yiddish and much more about his life in the <a href="https://archive.org/details/LeonardNimoy15Oct2013YiddishBookCenter">full, two-hour interview below</a>. You can find basic Yiddish lessons in our collection, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/freelanguagelessons">Learn 45+ Languages Online for Free: Spanish, Chinese, English & More</a>.</p> <div class="oc-center"><iframe src="https://archive.org/embed/LeonardNimoy15Oct2013YiddishBookCenter" frameborder="0" width="100%" padding-bottom="60%" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" loading="lazy"></iframe> </div> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2015/02/leonard-nimoy-reads-classic-ray-bradbury-stories.html">Leonard Nimoy Reads Ray Bradbury Stories From The Martian Chronicles & The Illustrated Man (1975–76)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/01/leonard_nimoy_narrates_short_film_about_nasas_dawn_a_voyage_to_the_origins_of_the_solar_system.html">Leonard Nimoy Narrates Short Film About NASA’s Dawn: A Voyage to the Origins of the Solar System</a></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/jdavidjones" title="Posts by Josh Jones" rel="author">Josh Jones</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/leonard-nimoy-speaks-yiddish.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/leonard-nimoy-speaks-yiddish.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/leonard-nimoy-speaks-yiddish.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-104171" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/brian-eno-lists-the-benefits-of-singing.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Brian Eno Lists the Benefits of Singing: A Long Life, Increased Intelligence, and a Sound Civilization"> Brian Eno Lists the Benefits of Singing: A Long Life, Increased Intelligence, and a Sound Civilization </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/music" rel="category tag">Music</a> </em> | February 27th, 2015 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-104171" class="post-104171 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-music"> <p><a href="http://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Brian_Eno_2008.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="690" height="570" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-104187 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="Brian_Eno_2008" loading="lazy" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Brian_Eno_2008.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26194951/Brian_Eno_2008.jpg 690w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26194951/Brian_Eno_2008-150x124.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26194951/Brian_Eno_2008-300x248.jpg 300w" data-sizes="(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="690" height="570" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-104187" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Brian_Eno_2008.jpg" alt="Brian_Eno_2008" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26194951/Brian_Eno_2008.jpg 690w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26194951/Brian_Eno_2008-150x124.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26194951/Brian_Eno_2008-300x248.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px"></noscript></a></p> <p align="right"><small><em><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brian_Eno_2008.jpg">Image via Wikimedia Commons</a></em></small></p> <p>In Brian Eno’s <a href="http://amzn.to/1LNTtxz"><em>A Year with Swollen Appendices</em>,</a> one of my very favorite books, the well-known rock producer, visual artist, and “non-musician” musician <a href="http://timorich.tumblr.com/post/95756946656/brian-enos-self-description-list-from-the">writes out all the things he is</a>, including “mammal,” “celebrity,” “wine-lover,” “non-driver,” “pragmatist,” and “drifting clarifier.” The list gives us a kind of overview of the man’s many facets, as well as of the many facets we all have, but it doesn’t mention one of his most important roles: that of a singer.<br> <iframe title="NPR embedded audio player" frameborder="0" height="290" scrolling="no" src="https://www.npr.org/player/embed/97320958/97365616" width="100%" loading="lazy"></iframe><br> Even within the realm of music, you might not immediately associate Eno (who there made his name spouting synthesized sounds into Roxy Music’s early records, creatively shaking up big acts like David Bowie and U2, and pretty much inventing the wordless ambient genre) with singing. But of course he’s done it since his earliest solo albums and continues to do it on relatively recent ones, and you can hear samples of both here in this post.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Ok5rs1AEzCM?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>“I believe in singing,” says Eno. “I believe in singing together.” He expounds upon this belief in an NPR segment called <a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=97320958">“Singing: The Key to a Long Life.”</a> He also credits the practice with the ability to ensure “a good figure, a stable temperament, increased intelligence, new friends, super self-confidence, heightened sexual attractiveness and a better sense of humor.” It offers the chance to “use your lungs in a way that you probably don’t for the rest of your day, breathing deeply and openly,” to experience “a sense of levity and contentedness,” and to “learn how to subsume yourself into a group consciousness.”</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/uZvAs-EkKgw?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p><br> Beyond simply, er, singing the praises of singing, Eno also explains just how he goes about his own practice, regularly bringing together not just friends willing to sing, but “some drinks, some snacks, some sheets of lyrics and a strict starting time” — all centered around a carefully curated selection of songs. Years of this have convinced Eno of singing’s importance to our very civilization, to the point that, as he says, “if I were asked to redesign the British educational system, I would start by insisting that group singing become a central part of the daily routine. I believe it builds character and, more than anything else, encourages a taste for co-operation with others.” And it would certainly encourage whichever student turns out to be the next, well, Brian Eno.</p> <p>P.S. Here’s Eno’s Group-Sing Song List:</p> <p>Can’t Help Falling In Love<br> Love Me Tender<br> Keep On the Sunny Side<br> Sixteen Tons<br> Will the Circle Be Unbroken<br> Dream<br> If I Had a Hammer<br> Love Hurts<br> I’ll Fly Away<br> Down By the Riverside<br> Chapel of Love<br> Wild Mountain Thyme<br> Que Sera, Sera<br> Cotton Fields</p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/07/jump_start_your_creative_process_with_brian_eno_oblique_strategies.html">Jump Start Your Creative Process with Brian Eno’s “Oblique Strategies”</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/05/brian_eno_on_creating_music_and_art_as_imaginary_landscapes_1989.html">Brian Eno on Creating Music and Art As Imaginary Landscapes (1989)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/05/how_david_byrne_and_brian_eno_make_music_together.html">How David Byrne and Brian Eno Make Music Together: A Short Documentary</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/09/david-bowie-brian-enos-collaboration-on-warszawa-reimagined-in-comic-animation.html">David Bowie & Brian Eno’s Collaboration on “Warszawa” Reimagined in Comic Animation</a></p> <p><em>Colin Marshall hosts and produces </em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Notebook on Cities and Culture</a><em> as well as the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema">The City in Cinema</a><em> and writes essays on cities, language, Asia, and men’s style. He’s at work on a book about Los Angeles, </em><a href="http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/landofsunshine/a-los-angeles-primer/">A Los Angeles Primer</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/cjmarshall" title="Posts by Colin Marshall" rel="author">Colin Marshall</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/brian-eno-lists-the-benefits-of-singing.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/brian-eno-lists-the-benefits-of-singing.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/brian-eno-lists-the-benefits-of-singing.html#comments">2</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-93121" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/leonard-nimoy-reads-classic-ray-bradbury-stories.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Leonard Nimoy Reads Ray Bradbury Stories From <i>The Martian Chronicles</i> & <i>The Illustrated Man</i> (1975–76)"> Leonard Nimoy Reads Ray Bradbury Stories From <i>The Martian Chronicles</i> & <i>The Illustrated Man</i> (1975–76) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/audio_books" rel="category tag">Audio Books</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/sci_fi" rel="category tag">Sci Fi</a> </em> | February 27th, 2015 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-93121" class="post-93121 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-audio_books category-sci_fi"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/k8Fp-CquGIQ?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Ray Bradbury, author of <em>The Martian Chronicles</em> and <em>Fahrenheit 451,</em> contributed to science fiction a highly distinctive voice; <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/27/arts/television/leonard-nimoy-spock-of-star-trek-dies-at-83.html?_r=0">the now departed Leonard Nimoy</a>, <em>Star Trek</em>’s Mr. Spock, also contributed to science fiction a highly distinctive voice. In the mid-seventies, a pair of record albums came out that together offered a truly singular listening experience: the voice of Bradbury in the voice of Nimoy.</p> <div class="oc-center-da"> <div data-fuse="22871471544"></div> </div> <p>1975’s <em>The Martian Chronicles </em>and 1976’s <em>The Illustrated Man</em> contain Nimoy’s renditions of two well-known stories, one per side, from each of Bradbury’s eponymous books. At the top of the post, you can hear <em>The Martian Chronicles’</em> “There Will Come Soft Rains” and “Usher II.” At the bottom of the post, we have <em>The Illustrated Man</em>’s “The Veldt” and “Marionettes Inc.”</p> <p>In our internet age, with its abundance of downloadable audio and mobile media delivery systems, we’ve grown thoroughly accustomed to the idea of the audio book. But 40 years ago, in the age of twelve-inch vinyl discs that could barely hold 45 minutes of content, the fully realized concept must have seemed more like something we would thrill to Bradbury himself writing about, or Nimoy himself using on television. But the visionaries in this case worked at the record label Caedmon, “<span style="color: #252525;">a pioneer in the audiobook business,” <a href="https://archive.org/details/01TheVeldt" rel="nofollow">according to the Internet Archive</a>, “the first company to sell spoken word recordings to the public,” and “the ‘seed’ of the audiobook industry.</span>” They grew famous putting out recordings of literary luminaries reading their own work: Dylan Thomas reading Dylan Thomas, T.S. Eliot reading T.S. Eliot, Gertrude Stein reading Gertrude Stein. But to my mind — or to my ear, anyway — the best of it happened at the intersections, like this one, of an era-defining author, and a different era-defining reader.</p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/01/leonard_nimoy_narrates_short_film_about_nasas_dawn_a_voyage_to_the_origins_of_the_solar_system.html">Leonard Nimoy Narrates Short Film About NASA’s Dawn: A Voyage to the Origins of the Solar System</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Ray Bradbury: “The Things That You Love Should Be Things That You Do.” “Books Teach Us That”" href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/08/ray_bradbury_the_things_that_you_love_should_be_things_that_you_do_books_teach_us_that.html">Ray Bradbury: “The Things That You Love Should Be Things That You Do.” “Books Teach Us That”</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to <i>Ray Bradbury: Story of a Writer</i> 1963 Film Captures the Paradoxical Late Sci-Fi Author" href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/06/iray_bradbury_story_of_a_writeri_1963_film_captures_the_paradoxical_late_sci-fi_author.html"><em>Ray Bradbury: Story of a Writer</em> 1963 Film Captures the Paradoxical Late Sci-Fi Author</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Ray Bradbury Gives 12 Pieces of Writing Advice to Young Authors (2001)" href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/04/ray_bradbury_gives_12_pieces_of_writing_advice_to_young_authors_2001.html">Ray Bradbury Gives 12 Pieces of Writing Advice to Young Authors (2001)</a></p> <p><a title="Permanent Link to Ray Bradbury: Literature is the Safety Valve of Civilization" href="https://www.openculture.com/2024/08/ray-bradbury-explains-why-literature-is-the-safety-valve-of-civilization.html">Ray Bradbury: Literature is the Safety Valve of Civilization</a></p> <p><em>Colin Marshall hosts and produces <a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Notebook on Cities and Culture</a> and writes essays on cities, language, Asia, and men’s style. He’s at work on a book about Los Angeles, <a href="http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/landofsunshine/a-los-angeles-primer/">A Los Angeles Primer</a>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/cjmarshall" title="Posts by Colin Marshall" rel="author">Colin Marshall</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/leonard-nimoy-reads-classic-ray-bradbury-stories.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/leonard-nimoy-reads-classic-ray-bradbury-stories.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/leonard-nimoy-reads-classic-ray-bradbury-stories.html#comments">2</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-104208" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/guidelines-for-handling-william-faulkners-drinking.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Guidelines for Handling William Faulkner’s Drinking During Foreign Trips From the US State Department (1955)"> Guidelines for Handling William Faulkner’s Drinking During Foreign Trips From the US State Department (1955) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/history" rel="category tag">History</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/literature" rel="category tag">Literature</a> </em> | February 27th, 2015 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-104208" class="post-104208 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-history category-literature"> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="723" height="506" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1011044 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="Faulkner1" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Faulkner1.png" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/15172542/Faulkner1.png 723w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/15172542/Faulkner1-150x105.png 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/15172542/Faulkner1-300x210.png 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="723" height="506" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1011044" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Faulkner1.png" alt="Faulkner1" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/15172542/Faulkner1.png 723w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/15172542/Faulkner1-150x105.png 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/15172542/Faulkner1-300x210.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 723px) 100vw, 723px"></noscript></p> <p align="right"><small><em><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner#/media/File:Carl_Van_Vechten_-_William_Faulkner.jpg">Image by Carl Van Vechten, via Wikimedia Commons</a></em></small></p> <p>There’s a polite turn of phrase I’ve always found amusing, if a little sad; when someone has too much to drink at a social function and embarrasses him or herself, we say the person has been “overserved.” This euphemism graciously lays the blame at the host’s feet rather than the sometimes shamefaced imbiber’s, suggesting that a good host cares enough about his or her guests—whether they be lightweights or binge-drinking alcoholics—to monitor their intake and keep things on an even keel. In the case of one notoriously hard-drinking guest, novelist <a href="http://www.olemiss.edu/mwp/dir/faulkner_william/" rel="nofollow">William Faulkner</a>, this responsibility became much more than the tactful burden of a few friends. Keeping an eye on the writer’s drinking became a mandate of State Department officers at the U.S. Information Agency during Faulkner’s official trips abroad.</p> <p><a href="http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/blogs/the_vault/2015/folder/26/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP.original-original.jpg" rel="nofollow"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-104209 size-full native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP.original-original" width="1269" height="1644" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original.jpg 1269w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-116x150.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-232x300.jpg 232w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-768x995.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-790x1024.jpg 790w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-300x389.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1269px) 100vw, 1269px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-104209 size-full" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original.jpg" alt="FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP.original-original" width="1269" height="1644" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original.jpg 1269w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-116x150.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-232x300.jpg 232w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-768x995.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-790x1024.jpg 790w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230621/FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-300x389.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1269px) 100vw, 1269px"></noscript></a></p> <p>Since his 1950 Nobel win—<a href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_vault/2015/02/26/william_faulkner_biography_the_writer_s_overseas_tour_during_the_cold_war.html">writes Greg Barnhisel at <em>Slate</em></a>—Faulkner was in high demand as a Cold War goodwill ambassador for American culture, along with Martha Graham, John Updike, and Louis Armstrong, all “living proof that America wasn’t just Mickey Mouse and chewing gum.” Unfortunately, as most everyone knows, “the author had a bit of a drinking problem.” During a 1955 visit to Japan, for example, he got so drunk at the welcome reception “that the U.S. ambassador ordered he be put on the next plane back to the states.” U.S. officials may have been embarrassed, but the Japanese, it seems, did not feel that Faulkner’s drinking was a hindrance. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sZ4vBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA128&dq=picon+faulkner&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ms3vVLOxIMnUoATbgIKQCQ&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=picon%20faulkner&f=false">According to Dr. Leon Picon</a>, books officer at the Tokyo embassy, the writer’s hosts “didn’t see anything wrong with the amount of drink that he had, and they understood when he went off completely, and was not communicable again….” Rather than send Faulkner home, Picon found ways to make sure his guest was never overserved.</p> <p><a href="http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/blogs/the_vault/2015/folder/26/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP.original-original.jpg" rel="nofollow"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-104210 size-full native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP.original-original" width="1271" height="1646" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original.jpg 1271w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-116x150.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-232x300.jpg 232w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-768x995.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-791x1024.jpg 791w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-300x389.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1271px) 100vw, 1271px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-104210 size-full" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original.jpg" alt="2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP.original-original" width="1271" height="1646" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original.jpg 1271w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-116x150.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-232x300.jpg 232w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-768x995.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-791x1024.jpg 791w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26230652/2FaulknerVisit.jpg.CROP_.original-original-300x389.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1271px) 100vw, 1271px"></noscript></a></p> <p>Picon—whom Faulkner called his “wet nurse”—composed and discreetly circulated a document called “Guidelines for Handling Mr. William Faulkner on His Trips Abroad.” These instructions came from Picon’s observations that Faulkner “fared better… when there was little time for concerted drinking.” Of the Japanese visit Faulkner biographer David Mintner writes:</p> <blockquote><p><em>Given shrewdly arranged schedules and carefully arranged audiences, Faulkner talked easily about books, war, and race, hunting, farming, and sailing. Although his manners remained formal and his replies formulaic, he seemed poised and responsive.</em></p></blockquote> <p>Barnhisel quotes among Picon’s guidelines for assuring a smooth visit the following:</p> <ul> <li>“Keep several pretty young girls in the front two rows of any public appearance to keep his attention up”</li> <li>“Put someone in charge of his liquor at all times so that he doesn’t drink too quickly”</li> <li>“Do not allow him to venture out on his own without an escort”</li> </ul> <p>As the declassified memoranda above testify (click once, and then again, to view them in a larger format), the instructions helped other foreign service officers to successfully navigate the writer’s habits. In the memo near the top of the post with the oddly-worded subject “Exploitation of Faulkner Visit,” Dr. Picon is lauded for “humoring and handling Mr. Faulkner,” and his guidelines credited with being “effective and vital to the success of the whole tour.” The memo just above—written in needlessly wordy bureaucratese, apparently by none other than J. Edgar Hoover—commends Picon in more detail:</p> <blockquote><p><em>The Department wishes to commend Mr. Leon Picon for the superb job he did in describing a procedure for developing a program for Mr. Faulkner in other countries.</em></p></blockquote> <p>In his book <em><a href="http://amzn.to/1JTAFkA">Cold War Modernists</a></em>, Barnhisel, a professor at <a href="http://www.duq.edu/academics/faculty/greg-barnhisel">Duquesne University</a>, notes that Faulkner continued to represent the U.S. abroad, in trips to Greece and Venezuela, and though his drinking remained a challenge for his government handlers, the trips were deemed unqualified successes.</p> <p><a href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_vault/2015/02/26/william_faulkner_biography_the_writer_s_overseas_tour_during_the_cold_war.html">via Slate</a></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2011/12/drinking_with_william_faulkner.html">Drinking with William Faulkner: The Writer Had a Taste for The Mint Julep & Hot Toddy</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/02/william-faulkner-tells-you-what-his-best-novel-is.html">Rare Audio: William Faulkner Names His Best Novel, And the First Faulkner Novel You Should Read</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/07/william_faulkner_reads_his_nobel_prize_speech.html">William Faulkner Reads His Nobel Prize Speech</a></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><a href="http://www.openculture.com/literature_free_courses">Free Online Literature Courses</a>, part of our larger collection, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeonlinecourses">1,700 Free Online Courses from Top Universities</a></span></p> <p><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><em>Josh Jones</em></a><em> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/jdavidjones" title="Posts by Josh Jones" rel="author">Josh Jones</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/guidelines-for-handling-william-faulkners-drinking.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/guidelines-for-handling-william-faulkners-drinking.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/guidelines-for-handling-william-faulkners-drinking.html#comments">1</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-104168" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/lynda-barry-shows-how-to-draw-batman-in-uw-madison-course.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Cartoonist Lynda Barry Shows You How to Draw Batman in Her UW-Madison Course, “Making Comics”"> Cartoonist Lynda Barry Shows You How to Draw Batman in Her UW-Madison Course, “Making Comics” </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/art" rel="category tag">Art</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/comics" rel="category tag">Comics/Cartoons</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/creativity-2" rel="category tag">Creativity</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/education" rel="category tag">Education</a> </em> | February 27th, 2015 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-104168" class="post-104168 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-art category-comics category-creativity-2 category-education"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/5HJS_TpV7ho?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>How do you draw Batman?</p> <p>Don’t say you don’t, or that you can’t. According to <a href="http://www.artnews.com/2014/06/05/comics-artist-lynda-barry-on-teaching-non-artists-to-draw/">cartoonist and educator Lynda Barry</a>, we’re all capable of getting Batman down on paper in one form or another.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/pZvDwvdQpSw?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>He may not resemble <a href="https://img1.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20090313174702/batman/images/0/01/Batmanadamwest.jpg">Adam West</a> or <a href="https://img2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20080204183132/marvel_dc/images/e/eb/Michael_Keaton_Batman.jpg">Michael Keaton</a> or anything artists <a href="http://htmlgiant.com/craft-notes/reading-frank-millers-influences-on-christopher-nolans-dark-knight-trilogy/">Frank Miller</a> or <a href="http://www.nealadams.com/index.php/comics/batman-odyssey">Neal Adams</a> might render, but so what?</p> <p>You have the ability to create a recognizable Batman because Batman’s basic shape is universally agreed upon, much like that of a car or a cat. Whether you know it or not, you have internalized that basic shape. This alone confers a degree of proficiency.</p> <p>As proof of that, Barry would ask you to draw him in 15 seconds. A time constraint of that order has no room for fretting and self doubt. Only frenzied scribbling.</p> <p>It also levels the playing field a bit. At 15 seconds, a novice’s Batman can hold his own against that of a skilled draftsperson.</p> <p>Try it. Did you get pointy ears? A cape? A mask of some sort? Legs?</p> <p>I’ll bet you did.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="840" height="1082" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104176 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="Barry Batman 1" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barry-Batman-1.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1.jpg 840w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1-116x150.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1-233x300.jpg 233w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1-768x989.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1-795x1024.jpg 795w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1-300x386.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="840" height="1082" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104176" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barry-Batman-1.jpg" alt="Barry Batman 1" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1.jpg 840w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1-116x150.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1-233x300.jpg 233w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1-768x989.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1-795x1024.jpg 795w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191351/Barry-Batman-1-300x386.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px"></noscript></p> <p>Once you’ve proved to yourself that you can draw Batman, you’re ready to tackle a more complex assignment: perhaps a four panel strip in which Batman throws up and screams.</p> <p>This is probably a lot easier than drawing him scaling the side of a building or battling the Joker. Why? Personal experience. Anybody who’s ever lost his or her lunch can draw on the cellular memory of that event.</p> <p>Fold a piece of paper into quarters and give it a whirl.</p> <p>Then reward yourself with the video up top, a collection of student-created work from the <a href="http://makingcomics2013.tumblr.com/">Making Comics</a> class Barry taught last fall at the great <a href="http://www.wisc.edu/">University of Wisconsin</a>.</p> <p>You may notice that many of the Batmen therein sport big, round heads. Like the 15-second rule, this is the influence of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0YCZ_4XqiY">Ivan Brunetti, </a>author of <a href="http://amzn.to/1LO1aUi"><em>Cartooning: Philosophy and Practice</em></a>, a book Barry references in both her classes and the recently published <em><a href="http://amzn.to/1GyFoms">Syllabus: Notes from an Accidental Professor</a>.</em></p> <p>With everyone’s Batman rocking a Charlie Brown-sized noggin and simple rubber hose style limbs, there’s less temptation to get bogged down in comparisons.</p> <p>Okay, so maybe some people are better than others when it comes to drawing toilets. No biggie. Keep at it. We improve through practice, and you can’t practice if you don’t start.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="834" height="1078" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104177 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="Barry Batman 2" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barry-Batman-2.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2.jpg 834w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2-116x150.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2-232x300.jpg 232w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2-768x993.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2-792x1024.jpg 792w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2-300x388.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 834px) 100vw, 834px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="834" height="1078" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104177" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barry-Batman-2.jpg" alt="Barry Batman 2" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2.jpg 834w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2-116x150.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2-232x300.jpg 232w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2-768x993.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2-792x1024.jpg 792w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191411/Barry-Batman-2-300x388.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 834px) 100vw, 834px"></noscript></p> <p>Once you’ve drawn Batman throwing up and screaming, there’s no end to the possibilities. Barry has an even bigger collection of student work (second video above), in which you’ll find the Caped Crusader doing laundry, using a laptop, calling in sick to work, reading <a href="http://amzn.to/1GyGIWl"><i>Understanding Comics</i></a>, eating Saltines… all the stuff one would expect given that part of the original assignment was to envision oneself as Batman.</p> <p>More of Lynda Barry’s Batman-related drawing philosophy from <i>Syllabus</i> can be found above and down below:</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="839" height="1078" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104178 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="Barry Batman 3" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barry-Batman-3.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3.jpg 839w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3-117x150.jpg 117w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3-233x300.jpg 233w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3-768x987.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3-797x1024.jpg 797w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3-300x385.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="839" height="1078" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104178" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barry-Batman-3.jpg" alt="Barry Batman 3" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3.jpg 839w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3-117x150.jpg 117w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3-233x300.jpg 233w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3-768x987.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3-797x1024.jpg 797w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191430/Barry-Batman-3-300x385.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px"></noscript></p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="643" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104179 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="Barry Batman 4" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barry-Batman-4.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191448/Barry-Batman-4.jpg 500w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191448/Barry-Batman-4-117x150.jpg 117w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191448/Barry-Batman-4-233x300.jpg 233w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191448/Barry-Batman-4-300x386.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="643" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104179" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barry-Batman-4.jpg" alt="Barry Batman 4" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191448/Barry-Batman-4.jpg 500w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191448/Barry-Batman-4-117x150.jpg 117w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191448/Barry-Batman-4-233x300.jpg 233w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191448/Barry-Batman-4-300x386.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"></noscript></p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="838" height="1079" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104180 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="Barry Batman 5" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barry-Batman-5.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5.jpg 838w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5-116x150.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5-233x300.jpg 233w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5-768x989.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5-795x1024.jpg 795w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5-300x386.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 838px) 100vw, 838px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="838" height="1079" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104180" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Barry-Batman-5.jpg" alt="Barry Batman 5" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5.jpg 838w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5-116x150.jpg 116w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5-233x300.jpg 233w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5-768x989.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5-795x1024.jpg 795w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191505/Barry-Batman-5-300x386.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 838px) 100vw, 838px"></noscript></p> <p>No matter what anyone tells you (see below), there’s no right way to draw Batman!</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="850" height="638" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104181 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191525/How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step.jpg 850w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191525/How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step-150x113.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191525/How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step-300x225.jpg 300w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191525/How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step-768x576.jpg 768w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="850" height="638" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104181" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step.jpg" alt="How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191525/How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step.jpg 850w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191525/How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step-150x113.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191525/How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step-300x225.jpg 300w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/26191525/How-to-Draw-Batman-Step-by-Step-768x576.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"></noscript></p> <p><strong>Related Content: </strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/11/lynda-barrys-wonderfully-illustrated-syllabus-homework-assignments-from-her-uw-madison-class-the-unthinkable-mind.html">Lynda Barry’s Wonderfully Illustrated Syllabus & Homework Assignments from Her UW-Madison Class, “The Unthinkable Mind”</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/10/lynda-barry-on-the-future-of-education.html">Lynda Barry, Cartoonist Turned Professor, Gives Her Old Fashioned Take on the Future of Education</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/06/cartoonist-lynda-barry-reveals-the-best-way-to-memorize-poetry.html">Cartoonist Lynda Barry Reveals the Best Way to Memorize Poetry</a></p> <p><a href="http://ayunhalliday.com/"><i>Ayun Halliday</i></a><i> is an author, illustrator, and Chief Primatologist of the East Village Inky zine. Follow her </i><a href="https://twitter.com/AyunHalliday"><i>@AyunHalliday</i></a></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/ayunh" title="Posts by Ayun Halliday" rel="author">Ayun Halliday</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/lynda-barry-shows-how-to-draw-batman-in-uw-madison-course.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/lynda-barry-shows-how-to-draw-batman-in-uw-madison-course.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/lynda-barry-shows-how-to-draw-batman-in-uw-madison-course.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-104113" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/dostoyevskys-the-brothers-karamazov-illustrated-by-alice-neel.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Dostoyevsky’s <i>The Brothers Karamazov</i> Strikingly Illustrated by Expressionist Painter Alice Neel (1938)"> Dostoyevsky’s <i>The Brothers Karamazov</i> Strikingly Illustrated by Expressionist Painter Alice Neel (1938) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/art" rel="category tag">Art</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/literature" rel="category tag">Literature</a> </em> | February 26th, 2015 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-104113" class="post-104113 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-art category-literature"> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1458" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104123 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="the-brothers-karamazov-1" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/the-brothers-karamazov-1.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1.jpg 1000w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1-103x150.jpg 103w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1-206x300.jpg 206w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1-768x1120.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1-702x1024.jpg 702w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1-300x437.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1458" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104123" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/the-brothers-karamazov-1.jpg" alt="the-brothers-karamazov-1" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1.jpg 1000w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1-103x150.jpg 103w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1-206x300.jpg 206w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1-768x1120.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1-702x1024.jpg 702w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195419/the-brothers-karamazov-1-300x437.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px"></noscript></p> <p align="right"><small><em>Images belong to The Estate of Alice Neel.</em></small></p> <p>We all know the reputation of 19th-century Russian novels: long, dense bricks of pure prose, freighted with deep moral concerns and, to the uninitiated, enlivened only by a confusing farrago of patronymics. And sure, while they may have a bit of a learning curve to them, these classic works of literature also, so their advocates assure us, boast plenty to keep them relevant today — just the quality, of course, that makes them classic works of literature in the first place.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1473" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104124 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="the-brothers-karamazov-8" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/the-brothers-karamazov-8.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8.jpg 1000w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8-102x150.jpg 102w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8-204x300.jpg 204w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8-768x1131.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8-695x1024.jpg 695w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8-300x442.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1473" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104124" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/the-brothers-karamazov-8.jpg" alt="the-brothers-karamazov-8" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8.jpg 1000w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8-102x150.jpg 102w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8-204x300.jpg 204w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8-768x1131.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8-695x1024.jpg 695w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195506/the-brothers-karamazov-8-300x442.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px"></noscript></p> <p>While we should by all means read them, that doesn’t mean we can’t get a taste of these much-discussed books before we heft them and turn to page one by, for example, checking out their illustrations. These vary in quality with the editions, of course, but how much of the art that has ever accompanied, say, Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28054"><em>The Brothers Karamazov</em></a> has looked quite as evocative as the never-published illustrations here? They come from the hand of the Pennsylvania-born artist <a href="http://www.artnet.com/artists/alice-neel/">Alice Neel</a>, commissioned in the 1930s for an edition of the novel that never saw the printing press.</p> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1445" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104125 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="the-brothers-karamazov-6" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/the-brothers-karamazov-6.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6.jpg 1000w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6-104x150.jpg 104w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6-208x300.jpg 208w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6-768x1110.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6-709x1024.jpg 709w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6-300x434.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1000" height="1445" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104125" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/the-brothers-karamazov-6.jpg" alt="the-brothers-karamazov-6" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6.jpg 1000w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6-104x150.jpg 104w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6-208x300.jpg 208w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6-768x1110.jpg 768w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6-709x1024.jpg 709w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25195557/the-brothers-karamazov-6-300x434.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px"></noscript></p> <p><a href="http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/02/24/alice-neels-brothers-karamazov/"><em>The Paris Review</em>’s Dan Piepenberg, posting eight of Neel’s illustrations</a>, highlights “how attuned these two sensibilities are: it’s the marriage of one kind of darkness to another”; “the black storm cloud of Neel’s pen is well suited to Dostoyevsky’s questions of God, reason, and doubt.” And yet Neel also manages to express the novel’s “madness and comedy,” bringing “a manic bathos to these scenes that lends them both gravity and levity; in every wide, glassy pair of eyes, grave questions of moral certitude are undercut by the absurd.”</p> <p>You can see all of eight of Neel’s Karamazov illustrations at <em><a href="http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/02/24/alice-neels-brothers-karamazov/">The Paris Review</a></em>, not that they provide a substitute for reading the novel itself (which you can find in our collection of <a href="http://www.openculture.com/free_ebooks">Free eBooks</a>). After all, that’s the only way to find out what exactly happens at that bacchanal just above.</p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/01/fyodor-dostoevsky-draws-elaborate-doodles-in-his-manuscripts.html">Fyodor Dostoevsky Draws Elaborate Doodles In His Manuscripts</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/10/albert_camus_talks_about_adapting_dostoyevsky_for_the_theatre_1959.html">Albert Camus Talks About Adapting Dostoyevsky for the Theatre, 1959</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2012/12/dostoyevskys_crime_and_punishment_animated_by_piotr_dumala.html"><em>Crime and Punishment</em> by Fyodor Dostoyevsky Told in a Beautifully Animated Film by Piotr Dumala</a></p> <p class="p1"><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/12/download-free-ebooks-audio-books-of-dostoevsky.html"><span class="s1">The Digital Dostoevsky: Download Free eBooks & Audio Books of the Russian Novelist’s Major Works</span></a></p> <p><em>Colin Marshall hosts and produces </em><a href="http://blog.colinmarshall.org/">Notebook on Cities and Culture</a><em> as well as the video series </em><a href="https://vimeo.com/channels/thecityincinema">The City in Cinema</a><em> and writes essays on cities, language, Asia, and men’s style. He’s at work on a book about Los Angeles, </em><a href="http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/landofsunshine/a-los-angeles-primer/">A Los Angeles Primer</a><em>. Follow him on Twitter at <a href="https://twitter.com/#%21/colinmarshall">@colinmarshall</a> or on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/colinmarshallessayist">Facebook</a>.</em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/cjmarshall" title="Posts by Colin Marshall" rel="author">Colin Marshall</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/dostoyevskys-the-brothers-karamazov-illustrated-by-alice-neel.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/dostoyevskys-the-brothers-karamazov-illustrated-by-alice-neel.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/dostoyevskys-the-brothers-karamazov-illustrated-by-alice-neel.html#comments">2</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-104111" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/cult-films-by-kubrick-tarantino-wes-anderson-re-imagined-as-8-bit-video-games.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Cult Films by Kubrick, Tarantino & Wes Anderson Re-imagined as 8‑Bit Video Games"> Cult Films by Kubrick, Tarantino & Wes Anderson Re-imagined as 8‑Bit Video Games </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/film" rel="category tag">Film</a> </em> | February 26th, 2015 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-104111" class="post-104111 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-film"> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Gdv55pki5As?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Now closing in on 50 episodes, <a href="http://t.co/e1nZ26aMhz">David Dutton’</a>s <em><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1AXWu-gGX6LNsfQ-KkeGPxL76CFONTom">8‑Bit Cinema</a></em> series for <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVtL1edhT8qqY-j2JIndMzg">CineFlix</a> celebrates and critiques the increasing video game qualities of action films. Or maybe it’s a nostalgic do-over of a childhood spent watching <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DTjLG3usQo">great films turned into terrible games</a> and your <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGGS0YozIgk" rel="nofollow">favorite games turned into terrible films</a>. <em>8‑Bit Cinema</em> imagines popular and classic movies turned into NES-era console games, with the movie’s plot imagined as a “perfect run,” as gamers call it.</p> <p>Their version of <em><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBu41wFSCnI">Guardians of the Galaxy</a></em> (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBu41wFSCnI">watch it here</a>) quotes <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Man_%28video_game%29">Megaman</a>, Capcom’s 1987 hit game that is still spawning sequels, and confines its action to a platform shooter, which, in a way, describes James Gunn’s film. (But dig that 8‑bit version of “The Pina Colada Song,” man!). The film adapts too well to a video game, and that may be its problem.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Y16uKeTuBWQ?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Things get more interesting when Dutton’s creative team tackles films in the cult canon. One of their favorites, <em>Pulp Fiction</em> combines several game genres: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_Dance_Revolution">Dance Dance Revolution</a> for the Jack Rabbit Slim sequence, side scrollers for the gun (and samurai sword)-heavy action, and more. But what <em>8‑Bit Cinema</em> had to do was straighten out Tarantino’s non-linear narrative, allowing the “player” to change characters from Vince to Butch after their unfortunate meeting, and ditch all that wonderful dialog. This 2 1/2 minute version quotes plenty of rare video games, just like Tarantino quotes movies.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/miqkqJJtg3s?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p><em>The Shining</em> is one of two Kubrick films the team has attempted, the other one being <em>A Clockwork Orange</em>. <em>The Shining</em> one works better as Kubrick’s examinations of domestic violence are rendered even icier (no pun intended) through typical violent gameplay, and tense confrontations between Jack and Wendy are reduced to emotionless exchanges. The video references <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maniac_Mansion">1987’s Maniac Mansion</a>, appropriately enough, which itself was a tribute to horror movie cliches.</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/hUkQPXy_5tM?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p>Wes Anderson’s ship set from <em>The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou</em> was designed much like a platform game, so the <em>8‑Bit Cinema</em> team had an easier job with this one, and threw in references to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_Gear_Solid">Metal Gear Solid</a> to boot. Judging from the comments, the 8‑Bit death of Ned still manages to pull the ol’ heartstrings, but the narrative remains just as inscrutable.</p> <p>The takeaway here might be this: The better the film, the less it can conform to the simplistic plots, puzzle play, and point-scoring violence that make video games fun to play. And while video games are undoubtedly a form of art, there’s a large gulf between them and cinema.</p> <p>Currently Dutton’s crew manages one 8‑Bit Cinema short a month. For a behind-the-scenes look at what it takes to put three minutes of nostalgic bliss together, check this out:</p> <div class="oc-video-wrapper"> <div class="oc-video-container"> <span class="youtube"><iframe loading="lazy" title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="505" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/RMhCUpfwkMg?wmode=transparent&fs=1&hl=en&showsearch=0&rel=0&theme=dark" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span> </div> <p>  </p></div> <p></p> <p><em>Ted Mills is a freelance writer on the arts who currently hosts the <a href="http://www.funkzonepodcast.com/">FunkZone Podcast</a>. You can also follow him on Twitter at <a href="http://www.twitter.com/tedmills">@tedmills</a> and/or watch his films <a href="https://vimeo.com/user749601">here</a>.</em></p> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p class="p1"><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/11/8-bit-philosophy.html"><span class="s1">8‑Bit Philosophy: Plato, Sartre, Derrida & Other Thinkers Explained With Vintage Video Games</span></a></p> <p class="p1"><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/11/internet-arcade-lets-you-play-900-classic-video-games.html"><span class="s1">The Internet Arcade Lets You Play 900 Vintage Video Games in Your Web Browser (Free)</span></a></p> <p class="p1"><span class="s1"><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2015/01/andrei-tarkovskys-masterpiece-stalker-gets-adapted-into-a-video-game.html">Andrei Tarkovsky’s Masterpiece <i>Stalker</i> Gets Adapted into a Video Game</a></span></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/ted-mills" title="Posts by Ted Mills" rel="author">Ted Mills</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/cult-films-by-kubrick-tarantino-wes-anderson-re-imagined-as-8-bit-video-games.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/cult-films-by-kubrick-tarantino-wes-anderson-re-imagined-as-8-bit-video-games.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/cult-films-by-kubrick-tarantino-wes-anderson-re-imagined-as-8-bit-video-games.html#respond">None</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="recent_post"> <h1 id="post-104139" ><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/george-orwell-communist-list.html" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to George Orwell Creates a Who’s Who List of “Crypto” Communists for British Intelligence Forces (1949)"> George Orwell Creates a Who’s Who List of “Crypto” Communists for British Intelligence Forces (1949) </a></h1> <p class="byline">in <em class="postcategory"> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/history" rel="category tag">History</a>, <a href="https://www.openculture.com/category/politics" rel="category tag">Politics</a> </em> | February 26th, 2015 </p> <div id="framearound_ad_in_post" style="margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1184791463292965" data-ad-slot="4261585863" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> <div class="recent_post_text"> <div id="post-104139" class="post-104139 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-history category-politics"> <p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="480" height="288" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104145 native-lazyload-js-fallback" src="https://www.openculture.com/wp-content/plugins/native-lazyload/assets/images/placeholder.svg" alt="George-Orwell-001" data-src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/George-Orwell-001.jpg" data-srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25232924/George-Orwell-001.jpg 480w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25232924/George-Orwell-001-150x90.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25232924/George-Orwell-001-300x180.jpg 300w" data-sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px"><noscript><img loading="lazy" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="480" height="288" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-104145" src="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/George-Orwell-001.jpg" alt="George-Orwell-001" srcset="https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25232924/George-Orwell-001.jpg 480w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25232924/George-Orwell-001-150x90.jpg 150w, https://cdn8.openculture.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/25232924/George-Orwell-001-300x180.jpg 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px"></noscript></p> <p>Journalist and novelist Eric Blair, known for all of his professional life by the pen name George Orwell, staunchly identified himself as a <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904106704576580793316645866">democratic socialist</a>. For example, in his slim 1946 publication <em>Why I Write</em>, he declared, “Every line of serious work I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism as I understand it.” Despite the widespread blurring of lines these days between socialism and communism—whether through ignorance or deliberate misleading—the distinction was not lost on Orwell. Though he supported an equitable distribution of wealth and public institutions for the common good, he fiercely opposed Soviet communism as anti-democratic and oppressive. As Orwell biographer John Newsinger writes, one “crucial dimension to Orwell’s socialism was his recognition that the Soviet Union was not socialist. Unlike many on the left, instead of abandoning socialism once he discovered the full horror of Stalinist rule in the Soviet Union, Orwell abandoned the Soviet Union and instead remained a socialist.”</p> <p>Of course, Orwell’s anti-communist sentiments are familiar to every student who has read <em>Animal Farm</em>. Less well known is the degree to which he contributed to anti-communist propaganda, even corresponding with British secret services and keeping a blacklist of writers he deemed either “cryptos” (secret communists), “fellow travellers” (communist sympathizers), or outright members of the Communist Party. Orwell’s involvement with the Information Research Department (IRD), a propaganda unit formed in 1948 under the UK’s Foreign Office to combat Stalinism at home and abroad has received a good deal of attention in the past few decades, in part because of the <a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2003/sep/25/orwells-list/">discovery in 2003 of a private notebook containing his original list.</a> Even before this revelation, biographers and historians had known about the list, which Orwell included, in part, in a letter to his love interest Celia Kirwan, who worked for the IRD, with the instructions that she keep it secret due to its “libelous” nature. Orwell intended that the writers on the list not be asked to work for the IRD because, in his estimation, they were people who could not be trusted.</p> <p>Reactions to Orwell’s list have been very mixed. When the story <a href="http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/orwell-informer.html">first broke in the late nineties</a>, Orwell’s longtime friend Michael Foot said he found the list “amazing” and out of character. One of the people named, Norman Mackenzie, <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jun/24/highereducation.books">ascribed the list to Orwell’s illness</a>, saying that the writer was “losing his grip on himself” in 1949 during his final struggle with the tuberculosis that killed him that year. Orwell biographer Bernard Crick defended his actions, writing, “He did it because he thought the Communist Party was a totalitarian menace. He wasn’t denouncing these people as subversives. He was denouncing them as unsuitable for counter-intelligence operation.” On the other hand, late leftist firebrand journalist Alexander Cockburn <a href="http://www.mhpbooks.com/the-fable-of-the-weasel-by-alexander-cockburn/" rel="nofollow">condemned Orwell as a “snitch”</a> and thought the list was evidence of Orwell’s bigotry, given his suspicion of Paul Robeson as “anti-white” and his denouncing of others due to their rumored homosexuality or Jewish background. He makes a compelling case. Whatever Orwell’s motivations, the effect on the named individuals’ professional and political lives was mild, to say the least. This was hardly a McCarthyite witch-hunt. Nonetheless, it’s a little hard for admirers of Orwell not to wince at this collaboration with the state secret service.</p> <p>Below, see the list he submitted to Kirwan in his letter. Further down is a list of names, including those of Orson Welles and Katherine Hepburn, that appeared in his notebook but not on the list he gave to the IRD.</p> <p><strong>Writers and journalists</strong></p> <ul> <li>“Aldred,” novelist (first name unknown)</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Anderson_(journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="nofollow">John Anderson</a>, journalist, Industrial correspondent for <em>Manchester Guardian</em></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beavan">John Beavan</a>, editor</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Calder-Marshall">Arthur Calder-Marshall</a>, writer</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._H._Carr"> H. Carr</a>, historian</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Deutscher">Isaac Deutscher</a>, former Trotskyist writer, correspondent for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist"><em>The Economist</em></a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer"><em>The Observer</em></a> (1942–1947)</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cedric_Dover&action=edit&redlink=1">Cedric Dover</a>, journalist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Duranty">Walter Duranty</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times"><em>New York Times</em></a> Moscow correspondent</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Goldring">Douglas Goldring</a>, novelist</li> <li>“Major Hooper”, writer on military history</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaric_Jacob">Alaric Jacob</a>, Moscow Correspondent for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Express"><em>Daily Express</em></a> during the Second World War</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marjorie_Kohn&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="nofollow">Marjorie Kohn</a>, journalist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stefan_Litauer&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="nofollow">Stefan Litauer</a>, journalist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Ian_MacKenzie">Norman MacKensie</a>, historian and a founding member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)">SDP</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingsley_Martin">Kingsley Martin</a>, editor of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Statesman"><em>New Statesman</em></a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_McDiarmid">Hugh McDiarmid</a>, poet and Scottish nationalist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Mitchison">Naomi Mitchison</a>, novelist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Moore">Nicholas Moore</a>, poet</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_Morley">Iris Morley</a>, Moscow Correspondent for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer"><em>The Observer</em></a> during the Second World War</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R._Neumann&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="nofollow"> Neumann</a>, novelist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Padmore">George Padmore</a>, Trinidadian journalist and anti-imperialist campaigner</li> <li>Ralph Parker, journalist, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Chronicle"><em>News Chronicle</em></a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._Priestley"> B. Priestley</a>, novelist and playwright</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Smollett">Peter Smollett</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Express"><em>Daily Express</em></a> journalist later identified as a Soviet agent, Smolka recruited by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Philby">Kim Philby</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Stewart_(journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="nofollow">Margaret Stewart</a>, industrial/labour correspondent</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Werth">Alexander Werth</a>, journalist</li> </ul> <p><strong>Academics and scientists</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Childe">Gordon Childe</a>, archaeologist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Macmurray">John Macmurray</a>, philosopher</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tibor_Mende&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="nofollow">Tibor Mende</a>, Foreign Affairs analyst</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._G._Crowther&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="nofollow"> G. Crowther</a>, <em>The Guardian’s</em> first science correspondent</li> </ul> <p><strong>Actors</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Labour MPs</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Driberg">Tom Driberg</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Others</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Macleod">Joseph Macleod</a></li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peadar_O%27Donnell">Peadar O’Donnell</a>, Irish socialist</li> <li>The Reverend <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Schiff_(clergyman)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="nofollow">Leonard Schiff</a>, clergyman</li> <li>Commander <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Young&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="nofollow">Edgar Young</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>People named in Orwell’s notebook, but not appearing on the final IRD list:</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Braddock">Bessie Braddock</a>, Labour MP</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Comfort">Alex Comfort</a>, pacifist writer</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Cunard">Nancy Cunard</a>, heiress and left-wing activist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Laski">Harold Laski</a>, economist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Day-Lewis">Cecil Day-Lewis</a>, poet.</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Nunn_May">Alan Nunn May</a>, scientist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Platts-Mills">John Platts-Mills</a>, Labour MP</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_O%27Casey">Sean O’Casey</a>, playwright</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, playwright</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>, novelist</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall_Swingler">Randall Swingler</a>, poet</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Swingler">Stephen Swingler</a>, Labour MP</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._J._P._Taylor"> J. P. Taylor</a>, historian</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orson_Welles">Orson Welles</a>, film director</li> <li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solly_Zuckerman,_Baron_Zuckerman">Solly Zuckerman</a>, scientist</li> </ul> <p><strong>Related Content:</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/01/george-orwell-explains-in-a-revealing-1944-letter-why-hed-write-1984.html">George Orwell Explains in a Revealing 1944 Letter Why He’d Write 1984</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/08/george-orwell-reviews-mein-kampf-1940.html">George Orwell Reviews Mein Kampf (1940)</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.openculture.com/2013/11/george-orwells-five-greatest-essays.html">George Orwell’s Five Greatest Essays (as Selected by Pulitzer-Prize Winning Columnist Michael Hiltzik)</a></p> <p><a href="http://about.me/jonesjoshua"><em>Josh Jones</em></a><em> is a writer and musician based in Durham, NC. Follow him at <a href="https://twitter.com/jdmagness">@jdmagness</a></em></p> <div class="alignleft"> <p class="author"> by <a href="https://www.openculture.com/author/jdavidjones" title="Posts by Josh Jones" rel="author">Josh Jones</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/george-orwell-communist-list.html" title="Permalink">Permalink</a> | <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/george-orwell-communist-list.html#respond" title="Make a comment">Make a Comment</a> ( <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/george-orwell-communist-list.html#comments">3</a> ) | </p>   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cleared"></div> <a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/page/2" >More in this category... »</a> </div>  <div class="middle_sidebar"> <ul id="middle_sidebarwidgeted"> <li id="execphp-431254483" class="widget widget_execphp"><h2 class="widgettitle">Essentials</h2> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeonlinecourses">1,700 Free Online Courses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/online-certificate-programs">200 Online Certificate Programs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/online-degrees">100+ Online Degree & Mini-Degree Programs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freemoviesonline">1,150 Free Movies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freeaudiobooks">1,000 Free Audio Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/great-podcasts">150+ Best Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_ebooks">800 Free eBooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_textbooks">200 Free Textbooks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/freelanguagelessons">300 Free Language Lessons</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/business_free_courses">150 Free Business Courses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/free_k-12_educational_resources">Free K-12 Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/dailyemail">Get Our Daily Email</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254506" class="widget widget_execphp"><h2 class="widgettitle">Support Us</h2> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox noborder"> <br> We're hoping to rely on loyal readers, rather than erratic ads. 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Eliot Reads Waste Land</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/hear_sylvia_plath_read_fifteen_poems_from_her_final_collection_ariel_in_1962_recording.html">Sylvia Plath - Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/06/on_bloomsday_hear_james_joyce_read_from_his_epic_iulyssesi_1924.html">Joyce Reads Ulysses</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/02/james_joyce_reads_anna_livia_plurabelle_from_ifinnegans_wakei.html">Joyce - Finnegans Wake</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/01/watch_patti_smith_read_from_virginia_woolf_and_hear_the_only_surviving_recording_of_woolfs_voice.html">Patti Smith Reads Virginia Woolf</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/listen_as_albert_einstein_reads_the_common_language_of_science_1941.html">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/charles-bukowski-poem-read-by-bukowski-tom-waits-and-bono.html">Charles Bukowski</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/bill-murray-reads-poetry-by-billy-collins-cole-porter-and-sarah-manguso.html">Bill Murray</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2010/04/ernest_hemingway_reads_in_harrys_bar_in_venice.html">Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/09/f_scott_fitzgerald_reads_from_shakespeares_iothelloi_and_john_masefields_on_growing_old_c1940.html">Fitzgerald Reads Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2010/04/william_faulkner_reads_from_as_i_lay_dying.html">William Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/05/rare_1959_audio_flannery_oconnor_reads_a_good_man_is_hard_to_find.html">Flannery O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/j-r-r-tolkien-reads-from-the-two-towers-the-second-book-of-the-lord-of-the-rings-trilogy.html">Tolkien - The Hobbit</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/06/allen_ginsberg_reads_his_beat_classic_poem_howl.html">Allen Ginsberg - Howl</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/06/rare_1930s_audio_wb_yeats_reads_four_of_his_poems.html">W.B Yeats</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/10/ezra_pounds_fiery_1939_reading_of_his_early_poem_isestina_altafortei.html">Ezra Pound</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/08/dylan_thomas_recites_do_not_go_gentle_into_that_good_night_and_other_poems.html">Dylan Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/anne_sexton_confessional_poet_reads_wanting_to_die_in_ominous_1966_video.html">Anne Sexton</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/06/john-cheever-reads-the-swimmer.html">John Cheever</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/09/hear-david-foster-wallace-read-his-own-essays-and-short-fiction.html">David Foster Wallace</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254484" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Book Lists By</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2011/12/neil_degrasse_tyson_8_books_every_intelligent_person_should_read.html">Neil deGrasse Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/ernest_hemingways_reading_list_for_a_young_writer_1934.html">Ernest Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/f-scott-fitzgerald-creates-a-list-of-22-essential-books-1936.html">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/allen_ginsbergs_celestial_homework_a_reading_list_for_his_class_literary_history_of_the_beats.html">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/patti-smiths-list-of-favorite-books.html">Patti Smith</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/08/brian-eno-book-lists.html">Brian Eno</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/04/henry-miller-makes-a-list-of-the-100-books-that-influenced-me-most.html">Henry Miller</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/09/christopher_hitchens_creates_a_reading_list_for_eight-year-old_girl.html">Christopher Hitchens</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/11/joseph-brodskys-reading-list-for-having-an-intelligent-conversation.html">Joseph Brodsky</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/wh_audens_1941_literature_syllabus_asks_students_to_read_32_great_works_covering_6000_pages_.html">W.H. Auden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/donald_barthelmes_syllabus_highlights_81_books_essential_for_a_literary_education_.html">Donald Barthelme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2012/07/carl_sagans_undergrad_reading_list_from_plato_and_shakespeare_to_huxley_and_gide.html">Carl Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/10/david-bowies-list-of-top-100-books.html">David Bowie</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/the-books-samuel-beckett-really-liked.html">Samuel Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/09/art-garfunkel-lists-1195-books.html">Art Garfunkel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/the-430-books-in-marilyn-monroes-library.html">Marilyn Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/jorge-luis-borges-personal-library.html">Jorge Luis Borges</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/03/74-books-curated-by-female-creatives.html">Picks by Female Creatives</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li><li id="execphp-431254513" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254490" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Syllabi</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/wh_audens_1941_literature_syllabus_asks_students_to_read_32_great_works_covering_6000_pages_.html">WH Auden</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/02/david_foster_wallaces_1994_syllabus.html">David Foster Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/03/donald_barthelmes_syllabus_highlights_81_books_essential_for_a_literary_education_.html">Donald Barthelme</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/05/allen_ginsbergs_celestial_homework_a_reading_list_for_his_class_literary_history_of_the_beats.html">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/zadie-smith-and-gary-shteyngarts-syllabi-from-columbia-university.html">Zadie Smith & Gary Shteyngart</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/spike-lee-shares-his-nyu-teaching-list-of-87-essential-films-every-aspiring-director-should-see.html">Spike Lee</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/11/lynda-barrys-wonderfully-illustrated-syllabus-homework-assignments-from-her-uw-madison-class-the-unthinkable-mind.html">Lynda Barry</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/02/junot-diazs-syllabi-for-his-mit-writing-classes.html">Junot Diaz</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="execphp-431254491" class="widget widget_execphp"> <div class="execphpwidget"><div class="widgetbox"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Favorite Movies</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/stanley-kubricks-list-of-top-ten-films.html">Kubrick</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/01/akira-kurosawas-list-of-his-100-favorite-movies.html">Kurosawa's 100</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/quentin-tarantino-lists-the-12-greatest-films-of-all-time.html">Tarantino</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/07/martin-scorsese-reveals-his-10-favorite-movies.html">Scorsese</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/08/andrei-tarkovsky-creates-a-list-of-his-10-favorite-films-1972.html">Tarkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/09/david-lynch-on-his-favorite-directors-including-fellini-wilder-tati-and-hitchcock.html">David Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/05/werner-herzog-picks-his-5-favorite-films.html">Werner Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/08/woody-allen-lists-the-greatest-films-of-all-time.html">Woody Allen</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/03/wes-andersons-favorite-films.html">Wes Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2015/05/the-10-favorite-films-of-avant-garde-surrealist-filmmaker-luis-bunuel-including-his-own-collaboration-with-salvador-dali.html">Luis Buñuel</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/07/roger-eberts-final-list-of-his-top-10-favorite-films-2012.html">Roger Ebert</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2013/12/susan-sontags-50-favorite-films.html">Susan Sontag</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/scorseses-list-of-39-essential-foreign-films.html">Scorsese Foreign Films</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.openculture.com/2014/10/44-essential-movies-for-the-student-of-philosophy.html">Philosophy Films</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </li><li id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><h2 class="widgettitle">Archives</h2> <ul> <li><a href='https://www.openculture.com/2025/03'>March 2025</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.openculture.com/2025/02'>February 2025</a></li> <li><a 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