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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Theatre career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theatre_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Theatre career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Theatre_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1930s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1930s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Post-war years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1950s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1960s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_and_television_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_television_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Film and television work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_television_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bisexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bisexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bisexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bisexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Illness and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appointments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appointments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Appointments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Redgrave_Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redgrave_Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Redgrave Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redgrave_Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Box_office_ranking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box_office_ranking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Box office ranking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Box_office_ranking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Filmography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Radio appearances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Writings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Redgrave</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81" title="مايكل ريدغريف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكل ريدغريف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88" title="مایکل ردقریو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مایکل ردقریو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD" title="মাইকেল রেডগ্রেভ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইকেল রেডগ্রেভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BB_%CE%A1%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%8A%CE%B2" title="Μάικλ Ρέντγκρεϊβ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάικλ Ρέντγκρεϊβ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88" title="مایکل ردگریو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایکل ردگریو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%EB%A0%88%EB%93%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C" title="마이클 레드그레이브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이클 레드그레이브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Scudamore_Redgrave" title="Michel Scudamore Redgrave – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Michel Scudamore Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91" title="מייקל רדגרייב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מייקל רדגרייב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="მაიკლ რედგრეივი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაიკლ რედგრეივი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Майкл Скьюдамор Редгрев – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Майкл Скьюдамор Редгрев" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maikls_Redgreivs" title="Maikls Redgreivs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maikls Redgreivs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81" title="مايكل ريدجريف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل ريدجريف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B4" title="マイケル・レッドグレイヴ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイケル・レッドグレイヴ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Редгрейв, Майкл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Редгрейв, Майкл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michael Redgrave" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2" title="Майкл Редгрейв – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Майкл Редгрейв" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%A4%AB" title="迈克尔·雷德格雷夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="迈克尔·雷德格雷夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q318263#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a></div><div class="fn">Michael Redgrave</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/CBE" class="mw-redirect" title="CBE">CBE</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Michael_Redgrave_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sir_Michael_Redgrave_portrait.jpg/220px-Sir_Michael_Redgrave_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sir_Michael_Redgrave_portrait.jpg/330px-Sir_Michael_Redgrave_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sir_Michael_Redgrave_portrait.jpg/440px-Sir_Michael_Redgrave_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2218" data-file-height="2563" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait taken by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Warren" title="Allan Warren">Allan Warren</a> in 1978</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Michael Scudamore Redgrave</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1908-03-20</span>)</span>20 March 1908<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 March 1985<span style="display:none">(1985-03-21)</span> (aged 77)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Denham,_Buckinghamshire" title="Denham, Buckinghamshire">Denham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire" title="Buckinghamshire">Buckinghamshire</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s,_Covent_Garden" title="St Paul's, Covent Garden">St Paul's, Covent Garden</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clifton_College" title="Clifton College">Clifton College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a><br />(independent boarding school)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Magdalene_College,_Cambridge" title="Magdalene College, Cambridge">Magdalene College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Actor</li><li>filmmaker</li><li>manager</li><li>author</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1933–1982</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Kempson" title="Rachel Kempson">Rachel Kempson</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1935)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Corin_Redgrave" title="Corin Redgrave">Corin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Redgrave" title="Lynn Redgrave">Lynn</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Redgrave" title="Roy Redgrave">Roy Redgrave</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Scudamore" title="Margaret Scudamore">Margaret Scudamore</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Redgrave_family" title="Redgrave family">Redgrave</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Michael Scudamore Redgrave</b> (20 March 1908 – 21 March 1985) was an English actor and filmmaker. Beginning his career in theatre, he first appeared in the <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a> in 1937. He made his film debut in <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Vanishes" title="The Lady Vanishes">The Lady Vanishes</a></i> in 1938. </p><p>Redgrave received a nomination for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Academy Award for Best Actor</a> for his performance in <i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra_(film)" title="Mourning Becomes Electra (film)">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1947), as well as two <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a> nominations for <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role">Best British Actor</a> for his performances in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_My_Number_Came_Up" title="The Night My Number Came Up">The Night My Number Came Up</a></i> (1955) and <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Without_Pity" title="Time Without Pity">Time Without Pity</a></i> (1957). </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/4th_Cannes_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Cannes Film Festival">4th Cannes Film Festival</a>, he won <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> for his performance in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Browning_Version_(1951_film)" title="The Browning Version (1951 film)">The Browning Version</a></i> (1951). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Youth_and_education">Youth and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Youth and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Redgrave was born in <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>, England, the son of actress <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Scudamore" title="Margaret Scudamore">Margaret Scudamore</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> actor <a href="/wiki/Roy_Redgrave" title="Roy Redgrave">Roy Redgrave</a>. Roy left when Redgrave was six months old to pursue a career in Australia. He died when Redgrave was 14. His mother subsequently married Captain James Anderson, a tea planter. Redgrave greatly disliked his stepfather.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Redgrave attended <a href="/wiki/Clifton_College" title="Clifton College">Clifton College</a> in Bristol.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clifton College Theatre was opened in 1966 by Redgrave as the first purpose-built school theatre in the country. After his death, the building was renamed The Redgrave Theatre in his honour. </p><p>Upon leaving Clifton, Redgrave went on to study the modern languages and English <a href="/wiki/Tripos" title="Tripos">triposes</a> at <a href="/wiki/Magdalene_College,_Cambridge" title="Magdalene College, Cambridge">Magdalene College, Cambridge</a>. Under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Dadie_Rylands" title="Dadie Rylands">Dadie Rylands</a>, he garnered great acclaim for his starring roles on the Cambridge stage as Edgar, Prince Hal and <a href="/wiki/Captain_Brassbound%27s_Conversion" title="Captain Brassbound's Conversion">Captain Brassbound</a>. Alongside the art historian <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Blunt" title="Anthony Blunt">Anthony Blunt</a> and schoolfriend <a href="/wiki/Robin_Fedden" title="Robin Fedden">Robin Fedden</a>, Redgrave also edited an <i>avant-garde</i> literary magazine called <i>The Venture</i>, which published work by <a href="/wiki/Louis_MacNeice" title="Louis MacNeice">Louis MacNeice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Bell" title="Julian Bell">Julian Bell</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Lehmann" title="John Lehmann">John Lehmann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated with a <a href="/wiki/Third-class_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-class degree">third-class degree</a> in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Redgrave taught modern languages at <a href="/wiki/Cranleigh_School" title="Cranleigh School">Cranleigh School</a> in Surrey for three years before becoming an actor in 1934. He directed the boys in <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></i>, but played all the leading roles himself.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theatre_career">Theatre career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theatre career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Redgrave made his first professional appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Playhouse" title="Liverpool Playhouse">Playhouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> on 30 August 1934 as Roy Darwin in <i>Counsellor-at-Law</i> (by <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Rice" title="Elmer Rice">Elmer Rice</a>), then spent two years with its Liverpool Repertory Company where he met his future wife <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Kempson" title="Rachel Kempson">Rachel Kempson</a>. They married on 18 July 1935. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930s">1930s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1930s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Offered a job by <a href="/wiki/Tyrone_Guthrie" title="Tyrone Guthrie">Tyrone Guthrie</a>, Redgrave made his professional debut in London at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Vic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Vic">Old Vic</a> on 14 September 1936, playing Ferdinand in <i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Labours_Lost" class="mw-redirect" title="Love's Labours Lost">Love's Labours Lost</a></i>. During 1936–37 he also played Mr Horner in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Wife" title="The Country Wife">The Country Wife</a></i>, Orlando in <i><a href="/wiki/As_You_Like_It" title="As You Like It">As You Like It</a></i>, Warbeck in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Witch_of_Edmonton" title="The Witch of Edmonton">The Witch of Edmonton</a></i> and Laertes to <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>'s Hamlet. His hit of the season was Orlando. <a href="/wiki/Edith_Evans" title="Edith Evans">Edith Evans</a> was his Rosalind and the two fell very much in love. As he later explained: "Edith always had a habit of falling in love with her leading men; with us it just went rather further."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>As You Like It</i> transferred to the <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a>'s <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward_Theatre" title="Noël Coward Theatre">New Theatre</a> in February 1937 and Redgrave again played Orlando. </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_Theatre_(London)" title="Embassy Theatre (London)">Embassy Theatre</a> in March 1937, he played Anderson in a mystery play, <i>The Bat</i>, before returning to the Old Vic in April, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Marius_Goring" title="Marius Goring">Marius Goring</a> as Chorus in <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i>. Other roles that year included Christopher Drew in <a href="/wiki/Daisy_Fisher" title="Daisy Fisher">Daisy Fisher</a>'s comedy <i>A Ship Comes Home</i> at the <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Theatre" title="St Martin's Theatre">St Martin's Theatre</a> in May and Larry Starr in Philip Leaver's comedy <i>Three Set Out</i> at the Embassy in June, before joining <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a>'s Company at the <a href="/wiki/Sondheim_Theatre" title="Sondheim Theatre">Queen's Theatre</a>, September 1937 to April 1938, where he played Bolingbroke in <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a></i>, Charles Surface in <i><a href="/wiki/The_School_for_Scandal" title="The School for Scandal">The School for Scandal</a></i> and Baron Tusenbach in <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(play)" title="Three Sisters (play)">Three Sisters</a></i>. </p><p>Other roles included: </p> <ul><li>Alexei Turbin in <i>The White Guard</i> (<i>The Days of the Turbins</i> by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Mikhail Bulgakov</a>), <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Theatre_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix Theatre (London)">Phoenix Theatre</a> October 1938</li> <li>Sir Andrew Aguecheek in <i><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></i>, Phoenix December 1938</li> <li>Harry, Lord Monchesney in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Reunion" title="The Family Reunion">The Family Reunion</a></i> (T.S. Eliot), <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Theatre" title="Westminster Theatre">Westminster Theatre</a> March 1939</li> <li>Henry in <i>Springtime for Henry</i>, touring 1939</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once the London theatres were re-opened, after the outbreak of war, he played: </p> <ul><li>Captain Macheath in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beggar%27s_Opera" title="The Beggar's Opera">The Beggar's Opera</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Haymarket" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre Royal, Haymarket">Theatre Royal, Haymarket</a>, March 1940</li> <li>Charleston in <i><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Rock_(play)" title="Thunder Rock (play)">Thunder Rock</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ardrey" title="Robert Ardrey">Robert Ardrey</a>, Neighbourhood Theatre June 1940; <a href="/wiki/Gielgud_Theatre" title="Gielgud Theatre">Globe Theatre</a> July 1940. (He would reprise this role in the 1942 <a href="/wiki/Boulting_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulting Brothers">Boulting Brothers</a> <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Rock_(film)" title="Thunder Rock (film)">film version</a>.)</li></ul> <p>Redgrave joined the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_seaman" title="Ordinary seaman">ordinary seaman</a> in July 1941, (<a href="/wiki/HMS_Illustrious_(87)" title="HMS Illustrious (87)">HMS <i>Illustrious</i></a>) but was discharged on medical grounds in November 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having spent most of 1942 in the Reserve he managed to direct <i>Lifeline</i> (Norman Armstrong) starring <a href="/wiki/Frank_Pettingell" title="Frank Pettingell">Frank Pettingell</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Duchess_Theatre" title="Duchess Theatre">Duchess Theatre</a> in July; and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_in_Darkness" title="The Duke in Darkness">The Duke in Darkness</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hamilton_(writer)" title="Patrick Hamilton (writer)">Patrick Hamilton</a>) starring <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Banks" title="Leslie Banks">Leslie Banks</a> at the <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Theatre" title="St James's Theatre">St James's Theatre</a> in October, also taking the role of Gribaud.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Resuming his stage career he played/directed: </p> <ul><li>Rakitin in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Month_in_the_Country_(play)" title="A Month in the Country (play)">A Month in the Country</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Turgenev" class="mw-redirect" title="Turgenev">Turgenev</a>), St James's Theatre March 1943</li> <li>Lafont in six matinees of <i>Parisienne</i>, a comedy by Henry Becque, translated by <a href="/wiki/Ashley_Dukes" title="Ashley Dukes">Ashley Dukes</a>, (Redgrave also directed and managed) co-starring <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Dresdel" title="Sonia Dresdel">Sonia Dresdel</a>, St James's Theatre June 1943</li> <li><i>Blow Your Own Trumpet</i>, a comedy by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a>, (directed), <a href="/wiki/Playhouse_Theatre" title="Playhouse Theatre">Playhouse Theatre</a> August 1943</li> <li><i>The Wingless Victory</i>, a period romance by <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Anderson" title="Maxwell Anderson">Maxwell Anderson</a>, (directed) starring <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Kempson" title="Rachel Kempson">Rachel Kempson</a> as Faith Ingalls, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Theatre_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix Theatre (London)">Phoenix Theatre</a> September 1943</li> <li>Harry Quincey in <i>Uncle Harry</i>, a thriller by Thomas Job, (also co-directed with William Armstrong) with <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Lehmann" title="Beatrix Lehmann">Beatrix Lehmann</a> as Leslie Quincey and Rachel Kempson as Lucy Forrest, <a href="/wiki/Garrick_Theatre" title="Garrick Theatre">Garrick Theatre</a> March 1944</li> <li>Colonel Stjerbinsky in <i>Jacobowsky and the Colonel</i>, a comedy by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Werfel" title="Franz Werfel">Franz Werfel</a>, adapted by <a href="/wiki/S.N._Behrman" class="mw-redirect" title="S.N. Behrman">S.N. Behrman</a>, (Redgrave also directed) with Rachel Kempson as Marianne, <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Theatre" title="Piccadilly Theatre">Piccadilly Theatre</a>, June 1945</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_years">Post-war years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-war years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Title role in <i>Macbeth</i>, <a href="/wiki/Aldwych_Theatre" title="Aldwych Theatre">Aldwych Theatre</a> December 1947; <a href="/wiki/Nederlander_Theatre" title="Nederlander Theatre">National Theatre</a>, New York City (NYC debut, with <a href="/wiki/Flora_Robson" title="Flora Robson">Flora Robson</a> as Lady Macbeth) 31 March 1948</li> <li>Captain in <i>The Father</i> (<a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">August Strindberg</a>) directed by Dennis Arundell with <a href="/wiki/Freda_Jackson" title="Freda Jackson">Freda Jackson</a> as Laura, Embassy Theatre November 1948; and Duchess Theatre January 1949</li> <li>Etienne in <i>A Woman in Love</i> (also co-adapted with Diana Gould and directed) with <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Rawlings" title="Margaret Rawlings">Margaret Rawlings</a> as Germaine, Embassy April 1949</li></ul> <p>Joining the <a href="/wiki/Old_Vic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Vic">Old Vic</a> Company at the <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward_Theatre" title="Noël Coward Theatre">New Theatre</a> for its 1949–50 season, he played: </p> <ul><li>Berowne in <i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Labours_Lost" class="mw-redirect" title="Love's Labours Lost">Love's Labours Lost</a></i></li> <li>Marlow in <i><a href="/wiki/She_Stoops_to_Conquer" title="She Stoops to Conquer">She Stoops to Conquer</a></i></li> <li>Rakitin in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Month_in_the_Country_(play)" title="A Month in the Country (play)">A Month in the Country</a></i></li> <li>His first Hamlet, which he also played at the <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> Festival, the <a href="/wiki/Holland_Festival" title="Holland Festival">Holland Festival</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Kronborg_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronborg Castle">Kronborg Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Elsinore" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsinore">Elsinore</a>, June 1950</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s">1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Redgrave joined the <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_Memorial_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare Memorial Theatre">Shakespeare Memorial Theatre</a> company at <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a> and for the 1951 season appeared as Prospero in <i>The Tempest</i> as well as playing Richard II, Hotspur and Chorus in the Cycle of <i>Histories</i>, for which he also directed <i>Henry IV Part Two</i>. After appearing as Frank Elgin in <i>Winter Journey</i> at the St James's April 1952, he rejoined the Stratford company in 1953 (together with his actress wife Rachel Kempson) appearing as Shylock, King Lear and Antony in <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>, also playing Antony when the company transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince's Theatre">Prince's Theatre</a> in November 1953 before touring in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-spoto_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p. 163">: p. 163 </span></sup> in 1958 he played Hamlet with Googie Withers appearing as his mother at Stratford on Avon. </p><p>At the Apollo in June 1955 he played Hector in <i><a href="/wiki/Tiger_at_the_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiger at the Gates">Tiger at the Gates</a></i>, appearing in the same role at the <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Schoenfeld_Theatre" title="Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre">Plymouth Theatre</a>, New York City in October 1955 for which he received the New York Critics' Award. While in New York he directed <i>A Month in the Country</i> at the Phoenix Theatre in April 1956, and directed and played the Prince Regent in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeping_Prince_(play)" title="The Sleeping Prince (play)">The Sleeping Prince</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bel_Geddes" title="Barbara Bel Geddes">Barbara Bel Geddes</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Coronet_Theatre_(Los_Angeles)" title="Coronet Theatre (Los Angeles)">Coronet Theatre</a> in November 1956. </p><p>Returning to London in January 1958, Redgrave appeared as Philip Lester in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Touch_of_the_Sun_(play)" title="A Touch of the Sun (play)">A Touch of the Sun</a></i> (N. C. Hunter) at the <a href="/wiki/Saville_Theatre" title="Saville Theatre">Saville Theatre</a>. He won Best Actor in the <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_Theatre_Awards" title="Evening Standard Theatre Awards"><i>Evening Standard</i> Awards</a> 1958 for this role. He rejoined the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre Company in June 1958, to play Hamlet and Benedick, also playing Hamlet with the company in <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> in December 1958. (His wife Rachel Kempson played Ursula in <i><a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing">Much Ado About Nothing</a></i> and Lady Capulet in <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i>). </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Sondheim_Theatre" title="Sondheim Theatre">Queen's Theatre</a>, in London in August 1959, he played H.J. in his own adaptation of the Henry James novella <i>The Aspern Papers</i>. His play was later successfully revived on Broadway in 1962, with <a href="/wiki/Dame_Wendy_Hiller" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Wendy Hiller">Dame Wendy Hiller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Evans_(actor)" title="Maurice Evans (actor)">Maurice Evans</a>. The 1984 London revival featured his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Reeve" title="Christopher Reeve">Christopher Reeve</a> and Hiller, this time in the role of Miss Bordereau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s">1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roles included: </p> <ul><li>Jack Dean in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tiger_and_the_Horse" title="The Tiger and the Horse">The Tiger and the Horse</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> (which Redgrave also co-presented, directed by <a href="/wiki/Frith_Banbury" title="Frith Banbury">Frith Banbury</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sondheim_Theatre" title="Sondheim Theatre">Queen's Theatre</a>, August 1960</li> <li>Victor Rhodes in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complaisant_Lover" title="The Complaisant Lover">The Complaisant Lover</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Barrymore_Theatre" title="Ethel Barrymore Theatre">Ethel Barrymore Theatre</a>, New York, November 1961 – 101 performances</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Redgrave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Michael_Redgrave.jpg/220px-Michael_Redgrave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Michael_Redgrave.jpg/330px-Michael_Redgrave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Michael_Redgrave.jpg/440px-Michael_Redgrave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="1226" /></a><figcaption>Michael Redgrave in costume for the lead role in <i>Uncle Vanya</i>, backstage at the Chichester Festival Theatre, 1962. <i>Photo: Tony French.</i></figcaption></figure><p>Returning to the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a>, in July 1962 he took part in the <a href="/wiki/Chichester_Festival_Theatre" title="Chichester Festival Theatre">Chichester Festival Theatre</a>'s opening season, playing the title role in <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Vanya" title="Uncle Vanya">Uncle Vanya</a></i> to the Astrov of <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> who also directed. </p><p>Alongside <a href="/wiki/John_Dexter" title="John Dexter">John Dexter</a>'s Chichester staging of <i>Saint Joan</i>, Olivier's <i>Uncle Vanya</i> was first revived in Chichester in 1963 before transferring to the Old Vic as part of the nascent <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Royal National Theatre</a>'s inaugural season, winning rave reviews and Redgrave's second win as Best Actor in the 1963 <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Standard Awards">Evening Standard Awards</a>. Critic <a href="/wiki/Michael_Billington_(critic)" title="Michael Billington (critic)">Michael Billington</a> recalled: "In Redgrave's Vanya you saw both a tremulous victim of a lifetime's emotional repression and the wasted potential of a Chekhovian might-have-been: as Redgrave and Olivier took their joint curtain call, linked hands held triumphantly aloft, we were not to know that this was to symbolise the end of their artistic amity."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Redgrave played (and co-presented) Lancelot Dodd MA in <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Watkyn" title="Arthur Watkyn">Arthur Watkyn</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Bounds_(play)" title="Out of Bounds (play)">Out of Bounds</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Wyndham%27s_Theatre" title="Wyndham's Theatre">Wyndham's Theatre</a> in November 1962, following it at the Old Vic with his portrayal of Claudius opposite the Hamlet of <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> on 22 October 1963. This <i>Hamlet</i> was in fact the National Theatre's official opening production, directed by Olivier, but <a href="/wiki/Simon_Callow" title="Simon Callow">Simon Callow</a> has dubbed it "slow, solemn, long", while <a href="/wiki/Ken_Campbell" title="Ken Campbell">Ken Campbell</a> vividly described it as "brochure theatre."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1964 at the National he played the title role in <i><a href="/wiki/Hobson%27s_Choice_(play)" title="Hobson's Choice (play)">Hobson's Choice</a></i>, which he admitted was well outside his range: "I couldn't do the <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> accent and that shook my nerve terribly – all the other performances suffered." While still at the National in June 1964 he also played Halvard Solness in <i>The Master Builder</i>, which he said 'went wrong'. At this time he had incipient <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>, although he did not know it.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May and June 1965 Redgrave directed the opening festival of the <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Arnaud_Theatre" title="Yvonne Arnaud Theatre">Yvonne Arnaud Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guildford" title="Guildford">Guildford</a>, including directing and playing Rakitin in <i>A Month in the Country</i> (co-starring with <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> as Natalya Petrovna), and Samson in <i>Samson Agonistes</i> (co-starring with Rachel Kempson as Chorus). He again played Rakitin in September 1965, when his production transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Theatre" title="Cambridge Theatre">Cambridge Theatre</a> in London. For the <a href="/wiki/Glyndebourne_Festival_Opera" title="Glyndebourne Festival Opera">Glyndebourne Festival Opera</a> he directed <i><a href="/wiki/Werther" title="Werther">Werther</a></i> in 1966 and <i><a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème">La bohème</a></i> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Mermaid_Theatre" title="Mermaid Theatre">Mermaid Theatre</a> in July 1971 he played Mr Jaraby in <i>The Old Boys</i> (William Trevor) and had an unfortunate experience: "My memory went, and on the first night they made me wear a deaf aid to hear some lines from the prompter and it literally fell to pieces – there were little bits of machinery all over the floor, so I then knew I really couldn't go on, at least not learning new plays."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, he successfully took over the part of Father in <a href="/wiki/John_Mortimer" title="John Mortimer">John Mortimer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A_Voyage_Round_My_Father" title="A Voyage Round My Father">A Voyage Round My Father</a></i> at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket, also touring Canada and Australia in the role in 1972–73. </p><p>In 1973, he played a supporting role in <a href="/wiki/David_Winters_(choreographer)" title="David Winters (choreographer)">David Winters</a>' musical television film adaptation of <i>Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde</i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He returned to the international touring of <i>A Voyage Round My Father</i> in 1974–75 with a Royal Shakespeare Company production of <i>The Hollow Crown</i>, visiting major venues in the US, New Zealand and Australia, while in 1976–77 he toured South America, Canada, the UK and the United States in the anthology, <i>Shakespeare's People</i>. </p><p>Redgrave's final theatre appearance came in May 1979 when he portrayed Jasper in <a href="/wiki/Simon_Gray" title="Simon Gray">Simon Gray</a>'s <i>Close of Play</i>, directed on the Lyttelton stage at the National Theatre by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a>. It was a silent, seated role, based on Gray's own father, who had died a year before he wrote the play. As Gray has said: "Jasper is in fact dead but is forced to endure, as if alive, a traditional English Sunday, helpless in his favourite armchair as his three sons and their wives fall to pieces in the usual English middle class style, sometimes blaming him, sometimes appealing to him for help and sobbing at his feet for forgiveness, but basically ignoring him. In other words I had stuck him in Hell, which turns out to be 'life, old life itself'."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His final work, in 1975, a narrative of the epic poem, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner" title="The Rime of the Ancient Mariner">The Rime of the Ancient Mariner</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a>, a poem that Redgrave taught as a young schoolmaster and visualised by producer-director Raul da Silva, received six international film festival prizes of which five were first place in category. This work was to be his last before the onslaught of <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_and_television_work">Film and television work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Film and television work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The-Lady-Vanishes-1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/The-Lady-Vanishes-1938.jpg/220px-The-Lady-Vanishes-1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/The-Lady-Vanishes-1938.jpg/330px-The-Lady-Vanishes-1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/The-Lady-Vanishes-1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Redgrave (right) with <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Lacey" title="Catherine Lacey">Catherine Lacey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Lockwood" title="Margaret Lockwood">Margaret Lockwood</a> in a publicity shot for Hitchcock's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Vanishes" title="The Lady Vanishes">The Lady Vanishes</a></i> (1938)</figcaption></figure> <p>Redgrave first appeared on BBC television at the <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a> in 1937, in scenes from <i>Romeo and Juliet</i>. His first major film role was in <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Hitchcock's">Alfred Hitchcock's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Vanishes" title="The Lady Vanishes">The Lady Vanishes</a></i> (1938), which included a scene where he hummed the "<a href="/wiki/Colonel_Bogey_March" title="Colonel Bogey March">Colonel Bogey March</a>" in what was the first appearance of the tune in film.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ted Black put him under contract at Gainsborough.<sup id="cite_ref-edward_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edward-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Redgrave also starred in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Look_Down_(film)" title="The Stars Look Down (film)">The Stars Look Down</a></i> (1940), with <a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a> in the film of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ardrey" title="Robert Ardrey">Robert Ardrey</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Rock_(film)" title="Thunder Rock (film)">Thunder Rock</a></i> (1942), and in the ventriloquist's dummy episode of the <a href="/wiki/Ealing_Studios" title="Ealing Studios">Ealing</a> compendium film <i><a href="/wiki/Dead_of_Night" title="Dead of Night">Dead of Night</a></i> (1945). </p><p>His first American film role was opposite <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra_(film)" title="Mourning Becomes Electra (film)">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1947), for which he was nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Academy Award for Best Actor</a>. In 1951 he starred in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Browning_Version_(1951_film)" title="The Browning Version (1951 film)">The Browning Version</a></i>, from <a href="/wiki/Terence_Rattigan" title="Terence Rattigan">Sir Terrence Rattigan's</a> play of the same name. The <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></i> described Redgrave's performance as Crocker-Harris as "one of the greatest performances ever seen in films".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1950s also saw Redgrave in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest_(1952_film)" title="The Importance of Being Earnest (1952 film)">The Importance of Being Earnest</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dam_Busters_(film)" title="The Dam Busters (film)">The Dambusters</a></i> (1954) with his portrayal of the inventor <a href="/wiki/Barnes_Wallis" title="Barnes Wallis">Barnes Wallis</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/1984_(1956_film)" title="1984 (1956 film)">1984</a></i> (1956), <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Without_Pity" title="Time Without Pity">Time Without Pity</a></i> (1957), for which he was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award">BAFTA Award</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Quiet_American_(1958_film)" title="The Quiet American (1958 film)">The Quiet American</a></i> (1958). </p><p>Notable television performances include narration for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_War_(TV_series)" title="The Great War (TV series)">The Great War</a></i> (1964), a history of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> using stills and 'stretched' archive film, and the less successful <i>Lost Peace</i> series (BBC Television, 1964 and 1966). Of the latter, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Purser" title="Philip Purser">Philip Purser</a> wrote: "The commentary, spoken by Sir Michael Redgrave, took on an unremittingly pessimistic tone from the outset."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Redgrave_family" title="Redgrave family">Redgrave family</a></div> <p>Redgrave was married to the actress <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Kempson" title="Rachel Kempson">Rachel Kempson</a> for 50 years from 1935 until his death. Their children <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa</a> (b. 1937), <a href="/wiki/Corin_Redgrave" title="Corin Redgrave">Corin</a> (1939–2010) and <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Redgrave" title="Lynn Redgrave">Lynn Redgrave</a> (1943–2010), and their grandchildren: <a href="/wiki/Natasha_Richardson" title="Natasha Richardson">Natasha Richardson</a> (1963–2009), <a href="/wiki/Joely_Richardson" title="Joely Richardson">Joely Richardson</a> (b. 1965) and <a href="/wiki/Jemma_Redgrave" title="Jemma Redgrave">Jemma Redgrave</a> (b. 1965) are also involved in theatre or film as actors. Their grandson <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Gabriel_Nero" title="Carlo Gabriel Nero">Carlo Gabriel Nero</a> is a screenwriter and film director; only Luke Redgrave has taken a path outside the theatre. </p><p>His daughter Lynn wrote a one-woman play for herself called <i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_for_My_Father" title="Shakespeare for My Father">Shakespeare for My Father</a></i>. She was nominated for Broadway's <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> for this role. She traced her love for Shakespeare as a way of following and finding her often absent father.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Redgrave owned <a href="/wiki/White_Roding_Windmill" title="White Roding Windmill">White Roding Windmill</a> from 1937 to 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Book4_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Book4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his family lived in Bedford House on <a href="/wiki/Chiswick_Mall" title="Chiswick Mall">Chiswick Mall</a> from 1945 to 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His entry for <i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who_in_the_Theatre" title="Who's Who in the Theatre">Who's Who in the Theatre</a></i> (1981) gives his address as Wilks Water, <a href="/wiki/Odiham" title="Odiham">Odiham</a>, Hampshire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bisexuality">Bisexuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bisexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Corin helped his father in the writing of his last autobiography. During one of Corin's visits to his father, the latter said, "There is something I ought to tell you". Then, after a long pause, "I am, to say the least of it, bisexual". Corin encouraged him to acknowledge his bisexuality in the book. Redgrave agreed to do so, but in the end he chose to remain silent about it.<sup id="cite_ref-spoto_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.274">: p.274 </span></sup> Alan Strachan's 2004 biography of Redgrave discusses his affairs with both men and women.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Redgrave had some long-term relationships with men, he also was prone to cruising <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_London" title="Victoria, London">Victoria</a> or <a href="/wiki/Knightsbridge" title="Knightsbridge">Knightsbridge</a> for what he called "a necessary degradation", a habit of quick pick-ups that left him with a lasting sense of self-disgust.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1996 BBC documentary film <i>Michael Redgrave: My Father</i>, narrated by Corin Redgrave, and based on his book of the same name, discusses his father's <a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">bisexuality</a> in some depth.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rachel Kempson recounted that when she proposed to him, Redgrave said that there were "difficulties to do with his nature, and that he felt he ought not to marry". She said that she understood, it did not matter and that she loved him.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To this, Redgrave replied, "Very well. If you're sure, we will".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the filming of <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Beyond_the_Door" title="Secret Beyond the Door">Secret Beyond the Door</a></i> (1947), Redgrave met Bob Mitchell, and they soon became lovers. Mitchell set up house close to the Redgraves, and he became a surrogate "uncle" to Redgrave's children (then aged 11, 9 and 5), who adored him. Mitchell later had children of his own, including a son he named Michael.<sup id="cite_ref-spoto_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.193">: p.193 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fred_Sadoff" title="Fred Sadoff">Fred Sadoff</a> was an actor/director who became Redgrave's assistant and lover; they shared lodgings in New York and London.<sup id="cite_ref-spoto_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.178–183">: p.178–183 </span></sup> </p><p>A card was found among Redgrave's effects after his death. The card was signed "Tommy, Liverpool, January 1940", and on it were the words (quoted from <a href="/wiki/W.H._Auden" class="mw-redirect" title="W.H. Auden">W.H. Auden</a>): "The word is love. Surely one fearless kiss would cure the million fevers".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Illness and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1976, after suffering symptoms for many years, Redgrave was diagnosed with rapidly advancing <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>. He began a regimen of therapies and medications that caused disorientation and other <a href="/wiki/Side_effect" title="Side effect">side effects</a>. Costs for his healthcare expenses and his diminished earning power caused the family to apply for public assistance from the King George's Pension Fund. In an interview on his 70th birthday, he said: "For a long time, nobody understood the Parkinson's condition, and directors thought I was just forgetful or drunk – and even now the work isn't easy. The difficulty is not just remembering lines but getting from place to place."<sup id="cite_ref-spoto_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spoto-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.258">: p.258 </span></sup> </p><p>Redgrave died in a nursing home in <a href="/wiki/Denham,_Buckinghamshire" title="Denham, Buckinghamshire">Denham</a>, Buckinghamshire, on 21 March 1985, from Parkinson's disease, the day after his 77th birthday. He was cremated at <a href="/wiki/Mortlake_Crematorium" title="Mortlake Crematorium">Mortlake Crematorium</a> and his ashes were scattered in the garden of <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s,_Covent_Garden" title="St Paul's, Covent Garden">St Paul's, Covent Garden</a> (The Actors' Church), London.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951 Redgrave received the <a href="/wiki/Best_Actor_Award_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Actor Award (Cannes Film Festival)">Best Actor Award (Cannes Film Festival)</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Browning_Version_(1951_film)" title="The Browning Version (1951 film)">The Browning Version</a></i>. He won Best Actor trophies in 1958 and 1963 <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Standard Awards">Evening Standard Awards</a> and received the <a href="/wiki/Variety_Club_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety Club of Great Britain">Variety Club of Great Britain</a> 'Actor of the Year' award in the same years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Redgrave was appointed Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a> (CBE) by the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen</a> in 1952 and <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighted</a> in 1959. He was appointed Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Dannebrog" title="Order of the Dannebrog">Order of the Dannebrog</a> by Denmark in 1955. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appointments">Appointments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Appointments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Redgrave became the First President of the English Speaking Board in 1953, and President of the <a href="/wiki/Questors_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Questors Theatre">Questors Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ealing" title="Ealing">Ealing</a> in 1958. In 1966, he received an honorary <a href="/wiki/DLitt" class="mw-redirect" title="DLitt">DLitt</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a>. </p><p>In 1986, he was inducted posthumously into the <a href="/wiki/American_Theater_Hall_of_Fame" title="American Theater Hall of Fame">American Theater Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Redgrave_Theatre">Redgrave Theatre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Redgrave Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Redgrave_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Redgrave Theatre">Redgrave Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Farnham" title="Farnham">Farnham</a>, Surrey, 1974–1998, was named in his honour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Box_office_ranking">Box office ranking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Box office ranking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a number of years, British film exhibitors voted him among the top ten British stars at the box office via an annual poll in the <i>Motion Picture Herald</i>. </p> <ul><li>1946: 4th<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1951: 9th<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Michael_Redgrave_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sir_Michael_Redgrave_Allan_Warren.jpg/220px-Sir_Michael_Redgrave_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sir_Michael_Redgrave_Allan_Warren.jpg/330px-Sir_Michael_Redgrave_Allan_Warren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sir_Michael_Redgrave_Allan_Warren.jpg/440px-Sir_Michael_Redgrave_Allan_Warren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Sir Michael Redgrave by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Warren" title="Allan Warren">Allan Warren</a>, 1973</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1938 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Vanishes" title="The Lady Vanishes">The Lady Vanishes</a></i> </td> <td>Gilbert </td> <td>First major role </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_High" title="Climbing High">Climbing High</a></i> </td> <td>Nicky Brooke </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Life_(1939_film)" title="Stolen Life (1939 film)">Stolen Life</a></i> </td> <td>Alan MacKenzie </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1940 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Look_Down_(film)" title="The Stars Look Down (film)">The Stars Look Down</a></i> </td> <td>Davey Fenwick </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Window_in_London" title="A Window in London">A Window in London</a></i> </td> <td>Peter </td> <td>Released as <i>Lady in Distress</i> in USA </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1941 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Kipps_(1941_film)" title="Kipps (1941 film)">Kipps</a></i> </td> <td>Kipps </td> <td>Released as <i>The Remarkable Mr. Kipps</i> in USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ferry" title="Atlantic Ferry">Atlantic Ferry</a></i> </td> <td>Charles MacIver </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Jeannie_(film)" title="Jeannie (film)">Jeannie</a></i> </td> <td>Stanley Smith </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1942 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Blockade" title="The Big Blockade">The Big Blockade</a></i> </td> <td>Russian </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Rock_(film)" title="Thunder Rock (film)">Thunder Rock</a></i> </td> <td>David Charleston </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1945 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_to_the_Stars" title="The Way to the Stars">The Way to the Stars</a></i> </td> <td>David Archdale </td> <td>Released as <i>Johnny in the Clouds</i> in USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Dead_of_Night" title="Dead of Night">Dead of Night</a></i> </td> <td>Maxwell Frere </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1946 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Captive_Heart" title="The Captive Heart">The Captive Heart</a></i> </td> <td>Captain Karel Hasek </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Years_Between_(film)" title="The Years Between (film)">The Years Between</a></i> </td> <td>Michael Wentworth </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1947 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Within_(film)" title="The Man Within (film)">The Man Within</a></i> </td> <td>Richard Carlyon </td> <td>Released as <i>The Smugglers</i> in the USA </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Fame_Is_the_Spur_(film)" title="Fame Is the Spur (film)">Fame Is the Spur</a></i> </td> <td>Hamer Radshaw </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra_(film)" title="Mourning Becomes Electra (film)">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> </td> <td>Orin Mannon </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Beyond_the_Door..." class="mw-redirect" title="Secret Beyond the Door...">Secret Beyond the Door...</a></i> </td> <td>Mark Lamphere </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1951 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Browning_Version_(1951_film)" title="The Browning Version (1951 film)">The Browning Version</a></i> </td> <td>Andrew Crocker-Harris </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Box" title="The Magic Box">The Magic Box</a></i> </td> <td>Mr Lege </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest_(1952_film)" title="The Importance of Being Earnest (1952 film)">The Importance of Being Earnest</a></i> </td> <td>Jack/Ernest Worthing </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1954 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Scarf" title="The Green Scarf">The Green Scarf</a></i> </td> <td>Maitre Deliot </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sea_Shall_Not_Have_Them" title="The Sea Shall Not Have Them">The Sea Shall Not Have Them</a></i> </td> <td>Air Commodore Waltby </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1955 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_My_Number_Came_Up" title="The Night My Number Came Up">The Night My Number Came Up</a></i> </td> <td>Air Marshal Hardie </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dam_Busters_(film)" title="The Dam Busters (film)">The Dam Busters</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barnes_Wallis" title="Barnes Wallis">Barnes Wallis</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Arkadin" title="Mr. Arkadin">Mr. Arkadin</a></i> </td> <td>Burgomil Trebitsch </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Oh..._Rosalinda!!" title="Oh... Rosalinda!!">Oh... Rosalinda!!</a></i> </td> <td>Colonel Eisenstein </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/1984_(1956_film)" title="1984 (1956 film)">1984</a></i> </td> <td>O'Connor (O'Brien) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1957 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Time_Without_Pity" title="Time Without Pity">Time Without Pity</a></i> </td> <td>David Graham </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Happy_Road" title="The Happy Road">The Happy Road</a></i> </td> <td>General Medworth </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1958 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Quiet_American_(1958_film)" title="The Quiet American (1958 film)">The Quiet American</a></i> </td> <td>Thomas Fowler </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Disorder_(1958_film)" title="Law and Disorder (1958 film)">Law and Disorder</a></i> </td> <td>Percy Brand </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Mask_(1958_film)" title="Behind the Mask (1958 film)">Behind the Mask</a></i> </td> <td>Sir Arthur Benson Gray </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1959 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Shake_Hands_with_the_Devil_(1959_film)" title="Shake Hands with the Devil (1959 film)">Shake Hands with the Devil</a></i> </td> <td>The General </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wreck_of_the_Mary_Deare_(film)" title="The Wreck of the Mary Deare (film)">The Wreck of the Mary Deare</a></i> </td> <td>Mr Nyland </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1961 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/No_My_Darling_Daughter" title="No My Darling Daughter">No My Darling Daughter</a></i> </td> <td>Sir Matthew Carr </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Innocents_(1961_film)" title="The Innocents (1961 film)">The Innocents</a></i> </td> <td>The Uncle </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Loneliness_of_the_Long_Distance_Runner_(film)" title="The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film)">The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner</a></i> </td> <td>Ruxton Towers Reformatory Governor </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Vanya_(1963_film)" title="Uncle Vanya (1963 film)">Uncle Vanya</a></i> </td> <td>Uncle Vanya </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1965 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Cassidy" title="Young Cassidy">Young Cassidy</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(1965_film)" title="The Hill (1965 film)">The Hill</a></i> </td> <td>The Medical Officer </td> <td>(credited as Sir Michael Redgrave) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Heroes_of_Telemark" title="The Heroes of Telemark">The Heroes of Telemark</a></i> </td> <td>Uncle </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1966_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice in Wonderland (1966 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> </td> <td>Caterpillar </td> <td>(credited as Sir Michael Redgrave) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_25th_Hour_(film)" title="The 25th Hour (film)">The 25th Hour</a></i> </td> <td>Defence lawyer </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1968 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Assignment_K" title="Assignment K">Assignment K</a></i> </td> <td>Harris </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Heidi_(1968_film)" title="Heidi (1968 film)">Heidi</a></i> </td> <td>Grandfather </td> <td>TV movie </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1969 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Oh!_What_a_Lovely_War" title="Oh! What a Lovely War">Oh! What a Lovely War</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Sir_Henry_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Sir Henry Wilson (page does not exist)">General Sir Henry Wilson</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain_(film)" title="Battle of Britain (film)">Battle of Britain</a></i> </td> <td>Air Vice Marshal Evill </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Goodbye,_Mr._Chips_(1969_film)" title="Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969 film)">Goodbye, Mr. Chips</a></i> </td> <td>The Headmaster </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1970 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/David_Copperfield_(1969_film)" title="David Copperfield (1969 film)">David Copperfield</a></i> </td> <td>Dan Peggotty </td> <td>TV movie </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Connecting_Rooms" title="Connecting Rooms">Connecting Rooms</a></i> </td> <td>James Wallraven </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Goodbye_Gemini" title="Goodbye Gemini">Goodbye Gemini</a></i> </td> <td>James Harrington-Smith </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1971 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Go-Between_(1971_film)" title="The Go-Between (1971 film)">The Go-Between</a></i> </td> <td>Leo Colston </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol_(TV_special)" title="A Christmas Carol (TV special)">A Christmas Carol</a></i> </td> <td>Narrator </td> <td>Voice </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_and_Alexandra" title="Nicholas and Alexandra">Nicholas and Alexandra</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Sazonov" title="Sergey Sazonov">Sazonov</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Target" title="The Last Target">The Last Target</a></i> </td> <td>Erik Fritsch </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner_(1975_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1975 film)">Rime of the Ancient Mariner</a></i> </td> <td>The Ancient Mariner </td> <td>narration, (final film role) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radio_appearances">Radio appearances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Radio appearances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Programme</th> <th>Episode/source </th></tr> <tr> <td>1948</td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=CBS%27s_Studio_One&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CBS's Studio One (page does not exist)">CBS's Studio One</a></i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Native" title="The Return of the Native">The Return of the Native</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952/3</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Hornblower" title="Horatio Hornblower">Horatio Hornblower</a></i></td> <td><i>48 Episodes in the title role on CBS</i><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild_on_the_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre Guild on the Air">Theatre Guild on the Air</a></i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unguarded_Hour" title="The Unguarded Hour">The Unguarded Hour</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Guild_on_the_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre Guild on the Air">Theatre Guild on the Air</a></i></td> <td><i>Jane</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theatre">Theatre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th> <th>Director </th> <th>Playwright(s) </th> <th>Theatre </th></tr> <tr> <td>1936 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Labours_Lost" class="mw-redirect" title="Love's Labours Lost">Love's Labours Lost</a></i> </td> <td>Ferdinand </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Vic_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Vic Theatre">Old Vic Theatre</a>, London </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936-37 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Witch_of_Edmonton" title="The Witch of Edmonton">The Witch of Edmonton</a></i> </td> <td>Warbeck </td> <td>Saint Denis </td> <td>Thomas Dekker </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Vic_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Vic Theatre">Old Vic Theatre</a>, London </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936-37 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/As_You_Like_It" title="As You Like It">As You Like It</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orlando_(As_You_Like_It)" title="Orlando (As You Like It)">Orlando</a> </td> <td>Ejme Church </td> <td>William Shakespeare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Vic_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Vic Theatre">Old Vic Theatre</a>, London </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936-37 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Wife" title="The Country Wife">The Country Wife</a></i> </td> <td>Mr Horner </td> <td>Tyrone Gathrie </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Wycherley" title="William Wycherley">William Wycherley</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Vic_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Vic Theatre">Old Vic Theatre</a>, London </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1937 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bat_(play)" title="The Bat (play)">The Bat</a></i> </td> <td>Anderson </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_Roberts_Rinehart" title="Mary Roberts Rinehart">Mary Roberts Rinehart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avery_Hopwood" title="Avery Hopwood">Avery Hopwood</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Theatre_(London)" title="Embassy Theatre (London)">Embassy Theatre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>A Ship Comes Home</i> </td> <td>Christopher Drew </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Fisher" title="Daisy Fisher">Daisy Fisher</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St_Martins_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="St Martins Theatre">St Martins Theatre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1938 </td> <td><i>The White Guard</i> </td> <td>Alexi Turbin </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Mikhail Bulgakov</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Theatre_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix Theatre (London)">Phoenix Theatre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night" title="Twelfth Night">Twelfth Night</a></i> </td> <td>Sir Andrew Agnechek </td> <td> </td> <td>William Shakespeare </td> <td>Phoenix Theatre </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Reunion" title="The Family Reunion">The Family Reunion</a></i> </td> <td>Harry, Lord Monchesney </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Theatre" title="Westminster Theatre">Westminster Theatre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beggar%27s_Opera" title="The Beggar's Opera">The Beggar's Opera</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_Macheath" title="Captain Macheath">Captain Macheath</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Gay" title="John Gay">John Gay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Haymarket" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre Royal, Haymarket">Theatre Royal, Haymarket</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1943 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Month_in_the_Country_(play)" title="A Month in the Country (play)">A Month in the Country</a></i> </td> <td>Rakitin </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev" title="Ivan Turgenev">Ivan Turgenev</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St_James%27_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="St James' Theatre">St James' Theatre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i> </td> <td>Macbeth </td> <td> </td> <td>William Shakespeare </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aldwych_Theatre" title="Aldwych Theatre">Aldwych Theatre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Touch_of_the_Sun_(play)" title="A Touch of the Sun (play)">A Touch of the Sun</a></i> </td> <td>Philip Lester </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/N._C._Hunter" title="N. C. Hunter">N. C. Hunter</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saville_Theatre" title="Saville Theatre">Saville Theatre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Aspern_Papers" title="The Aspern Papers">The Aspern Papers</a></i> </td> <td>H.J </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sondheim_Theatre" title="Sondheim Theatre">Queen's Theatre</a>, London </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tiger_and_the_Horse" title="The Tiger and the Horse">The Tiger and the Horse</a></i> </td> <td>Jack Dean </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frith_Banbury" title="Frith Banbury">Frith Banbury</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sondheim_Theatre" title="Sondheim Theatre">Queen's Theatre</a>, London </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td><i>The Complaisant Lover</i> </td> <td>Victor Rhodes </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Barrymore_Theatre" title="Ethel Barrymore Theatre">Ethel Barrymore Theatre</a>, New York </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Bounds_(play)" title="Out of Bounds (play)">Out of Bounds</a></i> </td> <td>Launcelot Dodd MA </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Watkyn" title="Arthur Watkyn">Arthur Watkyn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wyndham%27s_Theatre" title="Wyndham's Theatre">Wyndham's Theatre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962-63 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Vanya" title="Uncle Vanya">Uncle Vanya</a></i> </td> <td>Uncle Vanya </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Anton Chekhov</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chichester_Festival_Theatre" title="Chichester Festival Theatre">Chichester Festival Theatre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/King_Claudius" title="King Claudius">King Claudius</a> </td> <td>Laurence Olivier </td> <td>William Shakespeare </td> <td>National Theatre </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hobson%27s_Choice_(play)" title="Hobson's Choice (play)">Hobson's Choice</a></i> </td> <td>Henry Horatio Hobson </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harold_Brighouse" title="Harold Brighouse">Harold Brighouse</a> </td> <td>National Theatre </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1971 </td> <td><i>The Old Boys</i> </td> <td>Mr Jaraby </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Trevor" title="William Trevor">William Trevor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mermaid_Theatre" title="Mermaid Theatre">Mermaid Theatre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Voyage_Round_My_Father" title="A Voyage Round My Father">A Voyage Round My Father</a></i> </td> <td>Father </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Mortimer" title="John Mortimer">John Mortimer</a> </td> <td>Theatre Royal, Haymarket </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td><i>Close of Play</i> </td> <td>Jasper </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_Gray" title="Simon Gray">Simon Gray</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Redgrave wrote five books: </p> <ul><li><i>Water Music for a Botanist</i> W. Heffer, Cambridge (1929) Poem</li> <li><i>The Actor's Ways and Means</i> Heinemann (1953)</li> <li><i>Mask or Face: Reflections in an Actor's Mirror</i> Heinemann (1958)</li> <li><i>The Mountebank's Tale</i> Heinemann (1959)</li> <li><i>In My Mind's I: An Actor's Autobiography</i> Viking (1983) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-14233-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-14233-6">0-670-14233-6</a></li></ul> <p>His plays include <i>The Seventh Man</i> and <i>Circus Boy</i>, both performed at the Liverpool Playhouse in 1935, and his adaptations of <i>A Woman in Love</i> (<i>Amourese</i>) at the Embassy Theatre in 1949 and the <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a> novella <i>The Aspern Papers</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Sondheim_Theatre" title="Sondheim Theatre">Queen's Theatre</a>, in 1959. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Michael Redgrave: My Father</i>, 1996 BBC documentary film narrated by his son <a href="/wiki/Corin_Redgrave" title="Corin Redgrave">Corin Redgrave</a>, based on his book of the same name; produced and directed by Roger Michell</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Clifton College Register" Muirhead, J.A.O. p395: Bristol; J.W Arrowsmith for Old Cliftonian Society; April 1948</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. E. B. Howarth, <i>Cambridge Between Two Wars</i> (London: Collins, 1978), p. 71. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0002111810" title="Special:BookSources/0002111810">0002111810</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"University News", <i>The Times</i>, 18 June 1931, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Great Stage Stars</i>, Sheridan Morley</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Redgrave provided his friend the actor and writer <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Winn" title="Godfrey Winn">Godfrey Winn</a> (also in the Navy at the time), with a memorable signal his ship made. The aircraft carrier HMS <i>Illustrious</i> was in collision with another carrier, HMS <i>Formidable</i> in poor weather visibility in the Atlantic, after the collision <i>Illustrious</i> signalled: "If you touch me in that place again, I shall scream". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWinn1944" class="citation book cs1">Winn, Godfrey (1944). <i>Home from Sea</i>. London: Hutchinson & Co. p. 115.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Home+from+Sea&rft.place=London&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Hutchinson+%26+Co&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Winn&rft.aufirst=Godfrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Redgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Great Stage Stars</i>, Sheridan Morley, and <i>Who's Who in the Theatre</i> 1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spoto-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spoto_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spoto_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spoto_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spoto_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spoto_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpoto2012" class="citation book cs1">Spoto, Donald (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dUWFhrgu-HgC"><i>The Redgraves: A Family Epic</i></a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0307720146" title="Special:BookSources/978-0307720146"><bdi>978-0307720146</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Redgraves%3A+A+Family+Epic&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0307720146&rft.aulast=Spoto&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdUWFhrgu-HgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Redgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Billington <i>State of the Nation: British Theatre Since 1945</i>, London: Faber, 2007, p.142 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-21034-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-21034-3">978-0-571-21034-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The National: 1963–1997</i> by Simon Callow, Nick Hern Books (1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85459-323-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85459-323-4">1-85459-323-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131106025912/http://glyndebourne.com/archive/individual/michael-redgrave">"Michael Redgrave"</a>. <i>Performances</i>. Glyndebourne. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glyndebourne.com/archive/individual/michael-redgrave">the original</a> on 6 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Performances&rft.atitle=Michael+Redgrave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglyndebourne.com%2Farchive%2Findividual%2Fmichael-redgrave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Redgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Musical Version of 'Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde' Stars Kirk Douglas". <i>The Mexia Daily New</i>. Vol. 74. 3 April 1973.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mexia+Daily+New&rft.atitle=Musical+Version+of+%27Dr.+Jekyll+and+Mr.+Hyde%27+Stars+Kirk+Douglas&rft.volume=74&rft.date=1973-04-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Redgrave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>An Unnatural Pursuit and Other Pieces</i> by Simon Gray, Faber (1985)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Bowker's Complete Video Directory, Volume 4</i>. New York: R.R. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2015</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Decatur+Daily+Review&rft.atitle=Better+Radio+Programs+for+the+Week&rft.pages=36&rft.date=1952-12-28&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F2560026%2Fthe_decatur_daily_review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Redgrave" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKirby1953" class="citation news cs1">Kirby, Walter (11 January 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2648547/the_decatur_daily_review/">"Better Radio Programs for the Week"</a>. <i>The Decatur Daily Review</i>. The Decatur Daily Review. p. 42<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2015</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Decatur+Daily+Review&rft.atitle=Better+Radio+Programs+for+the+Week&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1953-01-11&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F2648547%2Fthe_decatur_daily_review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Redgrave" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alan Strachan, <i>Secret Dreams: A Biography of Michael Redgrave</i> (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-29760-764-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-29760-764-9">978-0-29760-764-9</a></li> <li><i>Who's Who in the Theatre</i> 17th edition, Gale (1981) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8103-0235-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8103-0235-7">0-8103-0235-7</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Record" title="Theatre Record">Theatre Record</a></i> and its annual Indexes</li> <li><i>The Great Stage Stars</i> by Sheridan Morley, Angus & Robertson (1986) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-207-14970-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-207-14970-4">0-207-14970-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Redgrave&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Person/111831-Michael-Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">American Film Institute Catalog</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/7745">Michael Redgrave</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318263#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/159000%7C111831/wp">Michael Redgrave</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318263#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/CreditableEntity/33643">Michael Redgrave</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Off-Broadway_Database" title="Internet Off-Broadway Database">Internet Off-Broadway Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318263#P4456" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0714878/">Michael Redgrave</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318263#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/460508/">Michael Redgrave</a> at the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">BFI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Screenonline" title="Screenonline">Screenonline</a></li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiveshub.ac.uk/data/gb71-thm/31">Sir Michael Redgrave Archive</a> is held by the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> Theatre and Performance Department.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template talk:Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_Theatre_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor">Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Redgrave</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Porter" title="Eric Porter">Eric Porter</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Redgrave</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicol_Williamson" title="Nicol Williamson">Nicol Williamson</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_McCowen" title="Alec McCowen">Alec McCowen</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicol_Williamson" title="Nicol Williamson">Nicol Williamson</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bates" title="Alan Bates">Alan Bates</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_McCowen" title="Alec McCowen">Alec McCowen</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(English_actor)" title="John Wood (English actor)">John Wood</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Sinden" title="Donald Sinden">Donald Sinden</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(actor)" title="Alan Howard (actor)">Alan Howard</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Mitchell" title="Warren Mitchell">Warren Mitchell</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Howard_(actor)" title="Alan Howard (actor)">Alan Howard</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_McCowen" title="Alec McCowen">Alec McCowen</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Sher" title="Antony Sher">Antony Sher</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Porter" title="Eric Porter">Eric Porter</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris" title="Richard Harris">Richard Harris</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(English_actor)" title="John Wood (English actor)">John Wood</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hawthorne" title="Nigel Hawthorne">Nigel Hawthorne</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dillane" title="Stephen Dillane">Stephen Dillane</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jennings" title="Alex Jennings">Alex Jennings</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sheen" title="Michael Sheen">Michael Sheen</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Griffiths" title="Richard Griffiths">Richard Griffiths</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Sewell" title="Rufus Sewell">Rufus Sewell</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stewart" title="Patrick Stewart">Patrick Stewart</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chiwetel_Ejiofor" title="Chiwetel Ejiofor">Chiwetel Ejiofor</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rylance" title="Mark Rylance">Mark Rylance</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rory_Kinnear" title="Rory Kinnear">Rory Kinnear</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonny_Lee_Miller" title="Jonny Lee Miller">Jonny Lee Miller</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Lester" title="Adrian Lester">Adrian Lester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rory_Kinnear" title="Rory Kinnear">Rory Kinnear</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hiddleston" title="Tom Hiddleston">Tom Hiddleston</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_McAvoy" title="James McAvoy">James McAvoy</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Garfield" title="Andrew Garfield">Andrew Garfield</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scott_(actor)" title="Andrew Scott (actor)">Andrew Scott</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_McAvoy" title="James McAvoy">James McAvoy</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scott_(actor)" title="Andrew Scott (actor)">Andrew Scott</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actor81" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannes_Film_Festival_Best_Actor_Award" title="Template:Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannes_Film_Festival_Best_Actor_Award" title="Template talk:Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannes_Film_Festival_Best_Actor_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannes Film Festival Best Actor Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actor81" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor">Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1946–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a> (1949)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Redgrave</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lukyanov" title="Sergei Lukyanov">Sergei Lukyanov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Boris_Andreyev_(actor)" title="Boris Andreyev (actor)">Boris Andreyev</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Batalov" title="Aleksey Batalov">Aleksey Batalov</a> / Sergei Kurilov / Vadim Medvedev / Boris Bityukov / <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gritsenko" title="Nikolai Gritsenko">Nikolai Gritsenko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Kadochnikov" title="Pavel Kadochnikov">Pavel Kadochnikov</a> / Boris Kokovkin / Nikolay Sergeev (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kitzmiller" title="John Kitzmiller">John Kitzmiller</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Dillman" title="Bradford Dillman">Bradford Dillman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dean_Stockwell" title="Dean Stockwell">Dean Stockwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perkins" title="Anthony Perkins">Anthony Perkins</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Stockwell" title="Dean Stockwell">Dean Stockwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Murray_Melvin" title="Murray Melvin">Murray Melvin</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris" title="Richard Harris">Richard Harris</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antal_P%C3%A1ger_(actor)" title="Antal Páger (actor)">Antal Páger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Saro_Urz%C3%AC" title="Saro Urzì">Saro Urzì</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Stamp" title="Terence Stamp">Terence Stamp</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Oscarsson" title="Per Oscarsson">Per Oscarsson</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oded_Kotler" title="Oded Kotler">Oded Kotler</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Trintignant" title="Jean-Louis Trintignant">Jean-Louis Trintignant</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Cucciolla" title="Riccardo Cucciolla">Riccardo Cucciolla</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Yanne" title="Jean Yanne">Jean Yanne</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_Giannini" title="Giancarlo Giannini">Giancarlo Giannini</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Gassman" title="Vittorio Gassman">Vittorio Gassman</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_G%C3%B3mez_(actor)" title="José Luis Gómez (actor)">José Luis Gómez</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Rey" title="Fernando Rey">Fernando Rey</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Madia" title="Stefano Madia">Stefano Madia</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Piccoli" title="Michel Piccoli">Michel Piccoli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Thompson_(actor)" title="Jack Thompson (actor)">Jack Thompson</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Tognazzi" title="Ugo Tognazzi">Ugo Tognazzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ian_Holm" title="Ian Holm">Ian Holm</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Maria_Volont%C3%A9" title="Gian Maria Volonté">Gian Maria Volonté</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Landa" title="Alfredo Landa">Alfredo Landa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rabal" title="Francisco Rabal">Francisco Rabal</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hurt" title="William Hurt">William Hurt</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Blanc" title="Michel Blanc">Michel Blanc</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoskins" title="Bob Hoskins">Bob Hoskins</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Spader" title="James Spader">James Spader</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turturro" title="John Turturro">John Turturro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Robbins" title="Tim Robbins">Tim Robbins</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Thewlis" title="David Thewlis">David Thewlis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge_You" title="Ge You">Ge You</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Pryce" title="Jonathan Pryce">Jonathan Pryce</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Duquenne" title="Pascal Duquenne">Pascal Duquenne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Auteuil" title="Daniel Auteuil">Daniel Auteuil</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mullan" title="Peter Mullan">Peter Mullan</a> (1998)</li> <li>Emmanuel Schotte (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Leung_Chiu-wai" title="Tony Leung Chiu-wai">Tony Leung Chiu-wai</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Magimel" title="Benoît Magimel">Benoît Magimel</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Gourmet" title="Olivier Gourmet">Olivier Gourmet</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffer_%C3%96zdemir" title="Muzaffer Özdemir">Muzaffer Özdemir</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Emin_Toprak" title="Mehmet Emin Toprak">Mehmet Emin Toprak</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABya_Yagira" class="mw-redirect" title="Yūya Yagira">Yūya Yagira</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamel_Debbouze" title="Jamel Debbouze">Jamel Debbouze</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samy_Naceri" title="Samy Naceri">Samy Naceri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roschdy_Zem" title="Roschdy Zem">Roschdy Zem</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sami_Bouajila" title="Sami Bouajila">Sami Bouajila</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Blancan" title="Bernard Blancan">Bernard Blancan</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Lavronenko" title="Konstantin Lavronenko">Konstantin Lavronenko</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benicio_del_Toro" title="Benicio del Toro">Benicio del Toro</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Waltz" title="Christoph Waltz">Christoph Waltz</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Bardem" title="Javier Bardem">Javier Bardem</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elio_Germano" title="Elio Germano">Elio Germano</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dujardin" title="Jean Dujardin">Jean Dujardin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mads_Mikkelsen" title="Mads Mikkelsen">Mads Mikkelsen</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Dern" title="Bruce Dern">Bruce Dern</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Spall" title="Timothy Spall">Timothy Spall</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lindon" title="Vincent Lindon">Vincent Lindon</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahab_Hosseini" title="Shahab Hosseini">Shahab Hosseini</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix" title="Joaquin Phoenix">Joaquin Phoenix</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Fonte" title="Marcello Fonte">Marcello Fonte</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Banderas" title="Antonio Banderas">Antonio Banderas</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Landry_Jones" title="Caleb Landry Jones">Caleb Landry Jones</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Kang-ho" title="Song Kang-ho">Song Kang-ho</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koji_Yakusho" title="Koji Yakusho">Koji Yakusho</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Plemons" title="Jesse Plemons">Jesse Plemons</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor85" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Template talk:National Board of Review Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Actor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor85" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="National Board of Review Award for Best Actor">National Board of Review Award for Best Actor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1945–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Redgrave</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Huston" title="Walter Huston">Walter Huston</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Basehart" title="Richard Basehart">Richard Basehart</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine" title="Ernest Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Sj%C3%B6str%C3%B6m" title="Victor Sjöström">Victor Sjöström</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mitchum" title="Robert Mitchum">Robert Mitchum</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Quinn" title="Anthony Quinn">Anthony Quinn</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Marvin" title="Lee Marvin">Lee Marvin</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finch" title="Peter Finch">Peter Finch</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Robertson" title="Cliff Robertson">Cliff Robertson</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_C._Scott" title="George C. Scott">George C. Scott</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ryan" title="Robert Ryan">Robert Ryan</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Carradine" title="David Carradine">David Carradine</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Travolta" title="John Travolta">John Travolta</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Voight" title="Jon Voight">Jon Voight</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Conti" title="Tom Conti">Tom Conti</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Banerjee" title="Victor Banerjee">Victor Banerjee</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Hurt" title="William Hurt">William Hurt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Raul_Julia" title="Raul Julia">Raul Julia</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Hackman" title="Gene Hackman">Gene Hackman</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cage" title="Nicolas Cage">Nicolas Cage</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cruise" title="Tom Cruise">Tom Cruise</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicholson" title="Jack Nicholson">Jack Nicholson</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Crowe" title="Russell Crowe">Russell Crowe</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Javier_Bardem" title="Javier Bardem">Javier Bardem</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Bob_Thornton" title="Billy Bob Thornton">Billy Bob Thornton</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Scott" title="Campbell Scott">Campbell Scott</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Foxx" title="Jamie Foxx">Jamie Foxx</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Seymour_Hoffman" title="Philip Seymour Hoffman">Philip Seymour Hoffman</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Forest_Whitaker" title="Forest Whitaker">Forest Whitaker</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Freeman" title="Morgan Freeman">Morgan Freeman</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Eisenberg" title="Jesse Eisenberg">Jesse Eisenberg</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Cooper" title="Bradley Cooper">Bradley Cooper</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Dern" title="Bruce Dern">Bruce Dern</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Keaton" title="Michael Keaton">Michael Keaton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Isaac" title="Oscar Isaac">Oscar Isaac</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Damon" title="Matt Damon">Matt Damon</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Casey_Affleck" title="Casey Affleck">Casey Affleck</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viggo_Mortensen" title="Viggo Mortensen">Viggo Mortensen</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Sandler" title="Adam Sandler">Adam Sandler</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Riz_Ahmed" title="Riz Ahmed">Riz Ahmed</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Farrell" title="Colin Farrell">Colin Farrell</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giamatti" title="Paul Giamatti">Paul Giamatti</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Craig" title="Daniel Craig">Daniel Craig</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318263#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2783" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318263#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2783" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318263#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121366632">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/64163491">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1801454/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkMFTDr6Xr793YF83DjG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119542536">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82220456">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13521720n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13521720n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36017842">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=pna2008456690&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1172909">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1553368">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069926115">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90236175">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2020N1557">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007384364805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058508145106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500445033">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/4c088473-b572-417a-97b3-a9ced38449d9">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_119542536">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1187733">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119542536.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119542536">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/05025829X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6575kms">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>41 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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