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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Symbols and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">East Anglia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oos-Angli%C3%AB" title="Oos-Anglië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oos-Anglië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="شرق أنجليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شرق أنجليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Anglia" title="Tang Anglia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tang Anglia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="East Anglia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80nglia_de_l%27Est_(regi%C3%B3)" title="Ànglia de l'Est (regió) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ànglia de l'Est (regió)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwyrain_Anglia" title="Dwyrain Anglia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dwyrain Anglia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="East Anglia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia_Oriental" title="Anglia Oriental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anglia Oriental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="East Anglia" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C" title="آنگلیای شرقی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنگلیای شرقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est-Anglie" title="Est-Anglie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Est-Anglie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EC%95%B5%EA%B8%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="이스트앵글리아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스트앵글리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Արևելյան Անգլիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևելյան Անգլիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia_Timur" title="Anglia Timur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anglia Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austur-Angl%C3%ADa" title="Austur-Anglía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Austur-Anglía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia_orientale" title="Anglia orientale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anglia orientale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99)" title="מזרח אנגליה (אזור גאוגרפי) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזרח אנגליה (אזור גאוגרפי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia_Orientalis" title="Anglia Orientalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anglia Orientalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ايست انجليا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايست انجليا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="イースト・アングリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イースト・アングリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="East Anglia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="East Anglia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="East Anglia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglia_Wschodnia" title="Anglia Wschodnia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anglia Wschodnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Восточная Англия (статистический регион) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восточная Англия (статистический регион)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="East Anglia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Источна Англија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Источна Англија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dna_Anglija" title="Istočna Anglija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Istočna Anglija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="East Anglia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96stangeln" title="Östangeln – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Östangeln" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Anglia" title="Doğu Anglia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doğu Anglia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مشرقی انگلیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشرقی انگلیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="東盎格利亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="東盎格利亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="东盎格利亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="东盎格利亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<span class="geo">52.5; 1</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region of England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the modern region. For the Anglo-Saxon kingdom, see <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">Kingdom of East Anglia</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/East_Anglia" title="Special:EditPage/East Anglia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22East+Anglia%22">"East Anglia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22East+Anglia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22East+Anglia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22East+Anglia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22East+Anglia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22East+Anglia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">East Anglia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Historical_and_alternative_regions_of_England" title="Historical and alternative regions of England">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_East_Anglia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of East Anglia"><img alt="Flag of East Anglia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_East_Anglia.svg/100px-Flag_of_East_Anglia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_East_Anglia.svg/150px-Flag_of_East_Anglia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_East_Anglia.svg/200px-Flag_of_East_Anglia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_East_Anglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of East Anglia">Flag</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Etymology: Kingdom of the East Angles</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Anglia_UK_Locator_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="East Anglia: with the ceremonial counties of Norfolk and Suffolk (in red) to the north and south and Cambridgeshire and Essex (in pink) to the west"><img alt="East Anglia: with the ceremonial counties of Norfolk and Suffolk (in red) to the north and south and Cambridgeshire and Essex (in pink) to the west" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/East_Anglia_UK_Locator_Map.svg/250px-East_Anglia_UK_Locator_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/East_Anglia_UK_Locator_Map.svg/375px-East_Anglia_UK_Locator_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/East_Anglia_UK_Locator_Map.svg/500px-East_Anglia_UK_Locator_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">East Anglia: with the ceremonial counties of <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a> (in red) to the north and south and <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> (in pink) to the west</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Home_nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Home nations">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial counties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>East Anglia</b> is an area in the <a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often defined as including the counties of <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NUTS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUTS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name derives from the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> <a href="/wiki/Heptarchy" title="Heptarchy">kingdom</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">East Angles</a>, a people whose name originated in <a href="/wiki/Anglia_(peninsula)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglia (peninsula)">Anglia</a>, in what is now <a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany">Northern Germany</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Area">Area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Definitions of what constitutes East Anglia vary. The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">Kingdom of East Anglia</a>, established in the 6th century, originally consisted of the modern counties of <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a> and expanded west into at least part of <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>, typically the northernmost parts known as <a href="/wiki/The_Fens" title="The Fens">The Fens</a>. The modern <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">NUTS 2</a> statistical unit of East Anglia comprises Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire (including the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">City of Peterborough</a> unitary authority).<sup id="cite_ref-NUTS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NUTS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those three counties have formed the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_East_Anglia" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of East Anglia">Roman Catholic Diocese of East Anglia</a> since 1976, and were the subject of a possible government devolution package in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> has sometimes been included in definitions of East Anglia, including by the London Society of East Anglians.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex" title="Kingdom of Essex">Kingdom of Essex</a> to the south was a separate element of the <a href="/wiki/Heptarchy" title="Heptarchy">heptarchy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon England</a> and did not identify as <a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Angles</a> but <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, many people in Essex today still consider themselves to be East Anglian. For example, <a href="/wiki/Colchester_United_F.C." title="Colchester United F.C.">Colchester United F.C.</a> is one of the clubs competing for the informal football title <a href="/wiki/Pride_of_Anglia" title="Pride of Anglia">Pride of Anglia</a>, but not <a href="/wiki/Southend_United_F.C." title="Southend United F.C.">Southend United F.C.</a> from further south in the county. Culturally, north Essex has much more in common with <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a> and the rest of East Anglia due to its similar rural landscape, when compared to the south which is much more urban given its proximity to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. However, the county of Essex by itself forms a <a href="/wiki/International_Territorial_Level" title="International Territorial Level">NUTS 2 statistical unit</a> in the <a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">region</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglo-Saxon_England_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Anglo-Saxon_England_2.svg/220px-Anglo-Saxon_England_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Anglo-Saxon_England_2.svg/330px-Anglo-Saxon_England_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Anglo-Saxon_England_2.svg/440px-Anglo-Saxon_England_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Great Britain around the year 800 showing the East Angles</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:England_RedcliffeMaud_Provinces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/England_RedcliffeMaud_Provinces.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="244" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption>Redcliffe-Maud proposed provinces; East Anglia is marked 7</figcaption></figure> <p>Other definitions of the area have been used or proposed over the years. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Redcliffe-Maud_Report" title="Redcliffe-Maud Report">Redcliffe-Maud Report</a> in 1969, which followed the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a> on the Reform of Local Government, recommended the creation of eight provinces in England. The proposed East Anglia province would have included northern Essex, southern <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a> and a small part of <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a> as well as Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">Kingdom of East Anglia</a></div> <p>The kingdom of East Anglia initially consisted of <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Ely" title="Isle of Ely">Isle of Ely</a> also became part of it upon the marriage of East Anglian princess <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a> (Etheldreda). It was formed around 520 by merging the North and South Folk, Angles who had settled in the former lands of the <a href="/wiki/Iceni" title="Iceni">Iceni</a> during the previous century, and it was one of the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy kingdoms as defined in the 12th-century writings of <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Huntingdon" title="Henry of Huntingdon">Henry of Huntingdon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2017)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> East Anglia has been cited by a number of scholars as being a region where settlement of continental Germanic speakers was particularly early and dense,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possibly following a depopulation in the 4th century.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2016 study found that modern East Anglians share a strong genetic affinity with Anglo-Saxon era skeletons, but differ substantially from Iron Age and Roman era ones, which are more similar to the Welsh. This was taken to support a major influence of the Anglo-Saxon migrations on the genetic makeup of East Anglia.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2022 study by Joscha Gretzinger et al., the populations of Norfolk and Suffolk were found to be the group with the lowest amount of Iron Age/Roman period <a href="/wiki/Insular_Celts" title="Insular Celts">British Isles-related</a> ancestry, with only about 11-12.7% of their ancestry being derived from that group, while having one of the highest amounts of <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Germanic" title="North Sea Germanic">Continental North European</a> (45.9-46.1%), and the highest amount of Continental West European (41.2-43.1%) ancestry in all of England.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>East Anglia was the most powerful of the kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon England</a> for a brief period following a victory over the rival kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> around 616, and its King <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A6dwald_of_East_Anglia" title="Rædwald of East Anglia">Rædwald</a> was <a href="/wiki/Bretwalda" title="Bretwalda">Bretwalda</a> (overlord of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms). However, this did not last; the <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercians</a> defeated it twice over the next 40 years, and East Anglia continued to weaken in relation to the other kingdoms. <a href="/wiki/Offa_of_Mercia" title="Offa of Mercia">Offa of Mercia</a> finally had king <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_II_of_East_Anglia" title="Æthelberht II of East Anglia">Æthelberht</a> killed in 794 and took control of the kingdom himself.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Independence was temporarily restored by rebellion in 825, but the Danes killed <a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_East_Anglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund of East Anglia">King Edmund</a> on 20 November 869 and captured the kingdom. <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Elder" title="Edward the Elder">Edward the Elder</a> incorporated East Anglia into the Kingdom of England, and it later became an <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_East_Anglia" title="Earl of East Anglia">earldom</a>. </p><p>Parts of East Anglia remained marshland until the 17th-century drainage of the Fens, despite some earlier engineering work during the Roman occupation. The <a href="/wiki/Alluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Alluvial">alluvial</a> land was converted into wide swaths of productive <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable land</a> by a series of systematic drainage projects, mainly using drains and river diversions along the lines of Dutch practice.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the 1630s, thousands of <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> families from East Anglia <a href="/wiki/Puritan_migration_to_New_England_(1620%E2%80%9340)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan migration to New England (1620–40)">emigrated to New England</a> in America, taking much East Anglian culture with them that can still be traced today.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2017)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> East Anglia based much of its earnings on wool, textiles, and arable farming and was a rich area of England until the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> caused a manufacturing and development shift to <a href="/wiki/English_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="English Midlands">the Midlands</a> and the North. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Air Force">United States Army Air Force</a> constructed many airbases in East Anglia for the heavy bomber fleets of the <a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Combined Bomber Offensive</a> against <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German-occupied Europe</a>. East Anglia was ideally suited to airfield construction, as it includes large areas of open, level terrain and is close to mainland Europe. Many of the airfields can still be seen today, particularly from aerial photographs, and a few remain in use, the most prominent being <a href="/wiki/Norwich_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwich International Airport">Norwich International Airport</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pillbox_(military)" title="Pillbox (military)">Pillboxes</a> were erected in 1940 to help defend the nation against invasion, and they can also be found throughout the area at strategic points.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, but from the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, a number of <a href="/wiki/Martello_tower" title="Martello tower">Martello towers</a> can be found along the coast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guildhall,_Cathedral_Square,_Peterborough.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg/220px-Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg/330px-Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg/440px-Guildhall%2C_Cathedral_Square%2C_Peterborough.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5013" data-file-height="3759" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a>, with an urban population of 217,000, is the largest settlement in East Anglia.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norwich_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Norwich_Skyline.jpg/220px-Norwich_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Norwich_Skyline.jpg/330px-Norwich_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Norwich_Skyline.jpg/440px-Norwich_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="703" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>, with an urban population of 210,000, is the second largest settlement in East Anglia.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Ipswich_Dock_aerial_image_(19412961574).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Ipswich_Dock_aerial_image_%2819412961574%29.jpg/220px-The_Ipswich_Dock_aerial_image_%2819412961574%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Ipswich_Dock_aerial_image_%2819412961574%29.jpg/330px-The_Ipswich_Dock_aerial_image_%2819412961574%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Ipswich_Dock_aerial_image_%2819412961574%29.jpg/440px-The_Ipswich_Dock_aerial_image_%2819412961574%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4291" data-file-height="2842" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ipswich" title="Ipswich">Ipswich</a>, with an urban population of 180,000, is the third largest settlement in East Anglia.</figcaption></figure><p>East Anglia is bordered to the north and east by the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>, to the south by the <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuaries</a> of the rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Orwell" title="River Orwell">Orwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Suffolk" title="River Stour, Suffolk">Stour</a>, and shares an undefined land border to the west with the rest of England. Much of northern East Anglia is flat, low-lying and marshy (such as <a href="/wiki/The_Fens" title="The Fens">the Fens</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>), although the extensive drainage projects of the past centuries actually make this one of the driest areas in the UK.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Inland, much of the rest of Suffolk and Norfolk is gently undulating, with glacial moraine ridges providing some areas of steeper relief. The highest point in Norfolk is the 103 metres (338 ft) <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Hill,_Norfolk" title="Beacon Hill, Norfolk">Beacon Hill</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the supposed flatness of Norfolk is noted in literature, including <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Private_Lives" title="Private Lives">Private Lives</a></i> – "Very flat, Norfolk".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> </p><p>On the north-west corner East Anglia is bordered by a bay known as <a href="/wiki/The_Wash" title="The Wash">The Wash</a>, where owing to deposits of sediment and <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a>, the coastline has altered markedly within historical times; several towns once on the coast of the Wash (notably King's Lynn) are now some distance inland. Conversely, over to the east on the coast exposed to the North Sea the coastline is subject to rapid erosion and has shifted inland significantly since historic times.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Major rivers include the <a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">River Nene</a> and Suffolk's <a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Suffolk" title="River Stour, Suffolk">Stour</a>, running through country beloved of the painter <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a>. The <a href="/wiki/River_Cam" title="River Cam">River Cam</a> is a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Ouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Ouse">Great Ouse</a> and gives its name to Cambridge, whilst Norwich sits on the <a href="/wiki/River_Yare" title="River Yare">River Yare</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Wensum" title="River Wensum">River Wensum</a>. The <a href="/wiki/River_Orwell" title="River Orwell">River Orwell</a> flows through Ipswich and has its mouth, along with the Stour at <a href="/wiki/Felixstowe" title="Felixstowe">Felixstowe</a>. The Norfolk and Suffolk Broads form a network of <a href="/wiki/Waterway" title="Waterway">waterways</a> between Norwich and the coast and are popular for recreational boating. The Ouse flows into the Wash at King's Lynn. </p><p>Major urban areas in East Anglia include the cities of <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a>, and the town of <a href="/wiki/Ipswich" title="Ipswich">Ipswich</a>. Other towns and cities include <a href="/wiki/Bury_St_Edmunds" title="Bury St Edmunds">Bury St Edmunds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowestoft" title="Lowestoft">Lowestoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Great Yarmouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">King's Lynn</a>. Much of the area is still rural in nature with many villages surrounded by a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Breckland" title="Breckland">breckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Fens" title="The Fens">fens</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Broads" title="The Broads">broads</a> and agricultural land.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_East_Anglia" title="Climate of East Anglia">Climate of East Anglia</a></div> <p>The climate of East Anglia is generally dry and mild. Temperatures range from an average of 1–10 °C in the winter to 12–22 °C in the summer, although it is not uncommon for daily temperatures to fall and rise significantly outside these averages. Although water plays a significant role in the <a href="/wiki/The_Fens" title="The Fens">Fenland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broadland" title="Broadland">Broadland</a> landscapes, the area is among the driest in the United Kingdom and during the summer months, tinder-dry conditions are frequently experienced, occasionally resulting in field and heath fires.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many areas receive less than 700 mm of rainfall a year and this is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. Sunshine totals tend to be higher towards the coastal areas.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Felixstowe_port.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Felixstowe_port.JPG/220px-Felixstowe_port.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Felixstowe_port.JPG/330px-Felixstowe_port.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Felixstowe_port.JPG/440px-Felixstowe_port.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Felixstowe" title="Port of Felixstowe">Port of Felixstowe</a> – Landguard Terminal in the foreground with Trinity Terminal in the background</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_East_Anglia" title="Transport in East Anglia">Transport in East Anglia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">Roads in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>Transport in East Anglia consists of an extensive road and rail network. Main A roads, such as the <a href="/wiki/A12_road_(England)" title="A12 road (England)">A12</a> and <a href="/wiki/A47_road" title="A47 road">A47</a> link the area to the rest of the UK, and the <a href="/wiki/A14_road_(England)" title="A14 road (England)">A14</a> links the Midlands to the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Felixstowe" title="Port of Felixstowe">Port of Felixstowe</a>. This is the busiest container port in the UK, dealing with over 40% of UK container traffic and is a major gateway port into the country.<sup id="cite_ref-felixstowe_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-felixstowe-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is very little motorway within East Anglia. </p><p>Rail links include the <a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Main_Line" title="Great Eastern Main Line">Great Eastern Main Line</a> from <a href="/wiki/Norwich_railway_station" title="Norwich railway station">Norwich</a> to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Street railway station">London Liverpool Street</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Anglia_Main_Line" title="West Anglia Main Line">West Anglia Main Line</a> connecting <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_railway_station" title="Cambridge railway station">Cambridge</a> to London. Sections of the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a> run through the area and <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_railway_station" title="Peterborough railway station">Peterborough</a> is an important interchange on this line. The area is linked to the Midlands and north-west England by rail and has a number of local rail services, such as the <a href="/wiki/Bittern_Line" title="Bittern Line">Bittern Line</a> from Norwich to <a href="/wiki/Sheringham_railway_station" title="Sheringham railway station">Sheringham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>East Anglia is ideal for <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">cycling</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Cycle_Route_1" title="National Cycle Route 1">National Cycle Route 1</a> passes through it. Cambridge has the largest proportion of its residents in the UK cycling to work with 25% commuting by bicycle.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_Guided_Busway" title="Cambridgeshire Guided Busway">Cambridgeshire Guided Busway</a>, which at 13.3 miles (21.4 km) was the longest stretch of guided bus-way in the world when it opened in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only major commercial airport is <a href="/wiki/Norwich_Airport" title="Norwich Airport">Norwich Airport</a>, although <a href="/wiki/London_Stansted_Airport" title="London Stansted Airport">London Stansted Airport</a>, the fourth busiest passenger airport in the UK, lies just south of Cambridge in north-west Essex.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Universities">Universities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, established at the start of the 13th century and in the town of the same name, is East Anglia's best-known institution of higher learning and is among the oldest and most famous universities in the world. Other institutions include the <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">University of East Anglia</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Essex" title="University of Essex">University of Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwich_University_of_the_Arts" title="Norwich University of the Arts">Norwich University of the Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin University</a> (based in Cambridge), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Suffolk" title="University of Suffolk">University of Suffolk</a> (based in Ipswich) and <a href="/wiki/University_Centre_Peterborough" title="University Centre Peterborough">University Centre Peterborough</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enterprise_zones">Enterprise zones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Enterprise zones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft Enterprise Zone, an <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise zone">enterprise zone</a> initiated by New Anglia Local Enterprise Partnership,<sup id="cite_ref-Pullinger_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pullinger-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was announced in 2011 and launched in April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickson_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickson-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes six sites with a total area of 121 hectares (300 acres), which have attracted a number of energy-related businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-Pullinger_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pullinger-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sites are Beacon Park and South Denes in Great Yarmouth, Mobbs Way, Riverside Road and South Lowestoft Industrial Estate in Lowestoft and Ellough Business Park in <a href="/wiki/Ellough" title="Ellough">Ellough</a> near Beccles.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickson_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickson-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also an enterprise zone in Cambridgeshire, <a href="/wiki/Alconbury_Enterprise_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Alconbury Enterprise Campus">Alconbury Enterprise Campus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Huntingdon" title="Huntingdon">Huntingdon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols_and_culture">Symbols and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Symbols and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Three_crowns_emblem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Three_crowns_emblem.jpg/220px-Three_crowns_emblem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Three_crowns_emblem.jpg/330px-Three_crowns_emblem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Three_crowns_emblem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Three crowns emblem at <a href="/wiki/Saxmundham" title="Saxmundham">Saxmundham</a>'s parish church</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_to_East_Anglians_who_died_during_The_Great_War_-_geograph.org.uk_-_628576.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Memorial_to_East_Anglians_who_died_during_The_Great_War_-_geograph.org.uk_-_628576.jpg/220px-Memorial_to_East_Anglians_who_died_during_The_Great_War_-_geograph.org.uk_-_628576.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Memorial_to_East_Anglians_who_died_during_The_Great_War_-_geograph.org.uk_-_628576.jpg/330px-Memorial_to_East_Anglians_who_died_during_The_Great_War_-_geograph.org.uk_-_628576.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Memorial_to_East_Anglians_who_died_during_The_Great_War_-_geograph.org.uk_-_628576.jpg/440px-Memorial_to_East_Anglians_who_died_during_The_Great_War_-_geograph.org.uk_-_628576.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Memorial to East Anglians who died during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Street Station">Liverpool Street Station</a>. The memorial, erected by the London Society of East Anglians, displays the flag</figcaption></figure> <p>A shield of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_golden_crowns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three golden crowns (page does not exist)">three golden crowns</a>, placed two above one, on a blue background has been used as a symbol of East Anglia for centuries. The <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> was ascribed by medieval heralds to the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of East Anglia and the <a href="/wiki/Wuffingas" title="Wuffingas">Wuffingas</a> dynasty which ruled it. The arms are effectively identical to the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Sweden" title="Coat of arms of Sweden">coat of arms of Sweden</a>. </p><p>The three crowns appear, carved in stone, on the <a href="/wiki/Baptismal_font" title="Baptismal font">baptismal font</a> (c.1400) in the parish church of <a href="/wiki/Saxmundham" title="Saxmundham">Saxmundham</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on the 15th-century porch of <a href="/wiki/Woolpit" title="Woolpit">Woolpit</a> church, both in Suffolk. They also appear in local heraldry and form part of the arms of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Ely" title="Diocese of Ely">diocese of Ely</a> and the arms of the borough of <a href="/wiki/Bury_St_Edmunds" title="Bury St Edmunds">Bury St Edmunds</a>, where the crowns are shown pierced with arrows to represent the martyrdom of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_the_Martyr" title="Edmund the Martyr">Edmund the Martyr</a>, the last king of East Anglia. Other users of the arms include the former <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Ely_County_Council" title="Isle of Ely County Council">Isle of Ely County Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Colchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough of Colchester">Borough of Colchester</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">University of East Anglia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cambridgeshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Cambridgeshire">flag of Cambridgeshire</a> (adopted in 2015) includes the three gold crowns on a blue field.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The East Anglian flag as it is known today was proposed by George Henry Langham and adopted in 1902 by the London Society of East Anglians (established in 1896). It superimposes the three crowns in a blue shield on a <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's cross">St George's cross</a>. </p><p>East Anglia features heavily in English literature, notably in <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Private_Lives" title="Private Lives">Private Lives</a></i> and the history of its waterways and drainage forms the backdrop to <a href="/wiki/Graham_Swift" title="Graham Swift">Graham Swift</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Waterland_(novel)" title="Waterland (novel)">Waterland</a></i>. The area also figures in works by <a href="/wiki/L.P._Hartley" class="mw-redirect" title="L.P. Hartley">L.P. Hartley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ransome" title="Arthur Ransome">Arthur Ransome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_L._Sayers" title="Dorothy L. Sayers">Dorothy L. Sayers</a>, among many others. </p><p>"Suffolk pink" and similar pastel colours of <a href="/wiki/Whitewash" title="Whitewash">whitewash</a> are commonly seen on houses in Suffolk, Norfolk and their neighbouring counties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/East_Anglia" title="Special:EditPage/East Anglia">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AngliaPlusDayRanger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/AngliaPlusDayRanger.jpg/220px-AngliaPlusDayRanger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/AngliaPlusDayRanger.jpg/330px-AngliaPlusDayRanger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/AngliaPlusDayRanger.jpg/440px-AngliaPlusDayRanger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption>Anglia day ranger <a href="/wiki/Travel_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel card">travel card</a></figcaption></figure> <p>East Anglia has holiday resorts that range from the traditional coastal towns of <a href="/wiki/Felixstowe" title="Felixstowe">Felixstowe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lowestoft" title="Lowestoft">Lowestoft</a> in Suffolk and Great Yarmouth and <a href="/wiki/Hunstanton" title="Hunstanton">Hunstanton</a> in Norfolk, to towns like <a href="/wiki/Aldeburgh" title="Aldeburgh">Aldeburgh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southwold" title="Southwold">Southwold</a> in Suffolk. Other tourist attractions include historic towns and cities like Bury St Edmunds, Cambridge and Ely as well as areas such as <a href="/wiki/Constable_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Constable Country">Constable Country</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Broads" title="The Broads">the Broads</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Norfolk" title="North Norfolk">North Norfolk</a> coast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earls_of_East_Anglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Earls of East Anglia">Earls of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_and_alternative_regions_of_England" title="Historical and alternative regions of England">Historical and alternative regions of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_East_Anglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of East Anglia">Kings of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Angles" title="Middle Angles">Middle Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_Pump_(CGA_series)" title="Parish Pump (CGA series)">Parish Pump (CGA series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Anglian_Regiment" title="Royal Anglian Regiment">Royal Anglian Regiment</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The First World War memorial at Liverpool Street Station, erected by the London Society of East Anglians, is "to the men of Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex and Cambridgeshire".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Anglia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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