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cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Approaches subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Approaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theatrical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatrical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Theatrical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatrical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Participatory_and_Social" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Participatory_and_Social"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Participatory and Social</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Participatory_and_Social-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultural traditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_traditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultural traditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_and_North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_and_North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Europe and North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_and_North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Latin America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occupations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occupations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Occupations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Occupations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Occupations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Occupations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dancers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dancers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Dancers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dancers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teachers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teachers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Teachers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teachers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Choreographers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Choreographers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Choreographers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Choreographers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Competitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance_diplomacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance_diplomacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Dance diplomacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance_diplomacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footwear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footwear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Footwear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footwear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ballet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.1</span> <span>Ballet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Body_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Body image</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eating_disorders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eating_disorders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Eating disorders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eating_disorders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance_on_social_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance_on_social_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Dance on social media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance_on_social_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dance</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 184 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-184" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">184 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz" title="Tanz – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tanz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%AD%E1%8D%88%E1%88%AB" title="ጭፈራ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጭፈራ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="नृत्य – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नृत्य" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5" title="رقص – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رقص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza" title="Danza – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Danza" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Պար – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="নৃত্য – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নৃত্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza" title="Danza – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Danza" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroky" title="Jeroky – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jeroky" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuqu%C3%B1a" title="Thuquña – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Thuquña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99qs" title="Rəqs – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rəqs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5" title="رقص – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رقص" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragina" title="Pragina – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Pragina" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94nke" title="Dɔnke – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dɔnke" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="নৃত্য – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নৃত্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igal" title="Igal – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Igal" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%A0u-b%C3%BA" title="Thiàu-bú – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thiàu-bú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D2%AF" title="Бейеү – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бейеү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Танцы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Танцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Танец – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Танец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayle" title="Bayle – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bayle" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Танц – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Танц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danz" title="Danz – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Danz" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཞབས་བྲོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཞབས་བྲོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ples" title="Ples – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ples" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C3%B1s" title="Dañs – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dañs" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansa" title="Dansa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dansa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%88%C4%83" title="Ташă – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ташă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaw" title="Sayaw – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sayaw" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanec" title="Tanec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tanec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudzana" title="Kudzana – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kudzana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baddu" title="Baddu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Baddu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawns" title="Dawns – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dawns" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagba%C5%8B_Wahi_Wabu" title="Dagbaŋ Wahi Wabu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Dagbaŋ Wahi Wabu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="شطيح – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="شطيح" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanz" title="Tanz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tanz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tants" title="Tants – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tants" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χορός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χορός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza" title="Danza – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Danza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danco" title="Danco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Danco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailaus" title="Bailaus – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bailaus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dantza" title="Dantza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dantza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5" title="رقص – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رقص" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance" title="Dance – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dance" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danse" title="Danse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Danse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BBns" title="Dûns – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dûns" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal" title="Bal – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bal" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damhsa" title="Damhsa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Damhsa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daunse" title="Daunse – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Daunse" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dannsa" title="Dannsa – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dannsa" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza" title="Danza – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Danza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88" title="舞蹈 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="舞蹈" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%A4" title="춤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="춤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawa" title="Rawa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Rawa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulahula" title="Hulahula – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Hulahula" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Պար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="नृत्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नृत्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ples" title="Ples – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ples" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danso" title="Danso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Danso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sala" title="Sala – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Sala" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="নৃত্যকলা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="নৃত্যকলা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tari" title="Tari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansa" title="Dansa – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dansa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansa" title="Dansa – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Dansa" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza" title="Danza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Danza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" title="ריקוד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריקוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beksan" title="Beksan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Beksan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay%C9%9B" title="Payɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Payɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taparneq" title="Taparneq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Taparneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ನೃತ್ಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೃತ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ცეკვა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცეკვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8E%DA%98%D9%8F%D9%86" title="نَژُن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نَژُن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C5%84c" title="Tuńc – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Tuńc" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8_(%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Би (өнер) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Би (өнер)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dons" title="Dons – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dons" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansi" title="Dansi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dansi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Бий – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9F%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B3" title="ການຟ້ອນລຳ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ການຟ້ອນລຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltatio" title="Saltatio – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saltatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deja" title="Deja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Deja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danz" title="Danz – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Danz" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0okis" title="Šokis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šokis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanari" title="Fanari – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Fanari" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mab%C3%ADna" title="Mabína – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mabína" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansa" title="Dansa – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Dansa" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansi" title="Tansi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tansi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dansu" title="dansu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dansu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danza" title="Danza – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Danza" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1nc" title="Tánc – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tánc" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Танц – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Танц" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihy" title="Dihy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Dihy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="നൃത്തം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നൃത്തം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBfin" title="Żfin – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Żfin" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="नृत्य – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नृत्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90)" title="სხაპუა (ხელუანობა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სხაპუა (ხელუანობა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5" title="رقص – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رقص" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7" title="سما – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سما" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarian" title="Tarian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tarian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beilado" title="Beilado – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Beilado" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Бүжиг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бүжиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%81%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကခုန်ခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကခုန်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danisi" title="Danisi – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Danisi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daans" title="Daans – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Daans" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="नृत्य – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नृत्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%82" title="हुला प्याखं – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हुला प्याखं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="ダンス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballo" title="Ballo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ballo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хелхар – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хелхар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daans" title="Daans – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Daans" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans%27sie" title="Dans'sie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Dans'sie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%C3%A7a" title="Dança – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dança" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shubbisa" title="Shubbisa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Shubbisa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqs" title="Raqs – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Raqs" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਡਾਂਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਾਂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaw" title="Sayaw – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Sayaw" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%86" title="ناچ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ناچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baila" title="Baila – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Baila" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daans" title="Daans – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Daans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danse" title="Danse – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Danse" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danz" title="Danz – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Danz" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taniec" title="Taniec – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Taniec" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%C3%A7a" title="Dança – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dança" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyun" title="Oyun – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Oyun" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusuy" title="Tusuy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tusuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Танець – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Танець" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Танец – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Танец" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%A5%D0%BA%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Үҥкүү – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Үҥкүү" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/dadiw_atu_lukiyaw" title="dadiw atu lukiyaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="dadiw atu lukiyaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siva" title="Siva – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Siva" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="नृत्यम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नृत्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A1" title="ᱮᱱᱮᱡ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱱᱮᱡ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance" title="Dance – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dance" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall%C3%ABzimi" title="Vallëzimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vallëzimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abballu" title="Abballu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Abballu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="නර්තන කලාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නර්තන කලාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance" title="Dance – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dance" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%86" title="ناچ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ناچ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanec" title="Tanec – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tanec" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ples" title="Ples – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ples" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirwo" title="Hirwo – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hirwo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7" title="سەما – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Плес – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Плес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ples" title="Ples – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ples" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibing" title="Ibing – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ibing" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanssi" title="Tanssi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tanssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaw" title="Sayaw – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sayaw" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நடனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cc%E1%B8%8De%E1%B8%A5" title="Ccḍeḥ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ccḍeḥ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%8E" title="Бию – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бию" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/myugi" title="myugi – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="myugi" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="నాట్యము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నాట్యము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B3" title="การเต้นรำ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเต้นรำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81" title="Рақс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рақс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulohula" title="Hulohula – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Hulohula" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Танець – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Танець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5" title="رقص – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رقص" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuqfoux" title="Diuqfoux – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Diuqfoux" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%82o" title="Bało – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bało" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karg" title="Karg – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Karg" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%A3y_m%C3%BAa" title="Nhảy múa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhảy múa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tands" title="Tands – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tands" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danse" title="Danse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Danse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%9E" title="舞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="舞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaw" title="Sayaw – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sayaw" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88" title="舞蹈 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="舞蹈" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A5" title="טאנץ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טאנץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%B3%E8%88%9E" title="跳舞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="跳舞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans" title="Dans – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dans" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0uokis" title="Šuokis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šuokis" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dancers&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Dancers">Dancers</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Art form consisting of movement of the body</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dance_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dance (disambiguation)">Dance (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>"Dancer" and "Dancing" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dancer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dancer (disambiguation)">Dancer (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dancing_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dancing (disambiguation)">Dancing (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output 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ambox-essay-like" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is written like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay</a></b> that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dance&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic style</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_dancers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man and woman, mid-leap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Two_dancers.jpg/220px-Two_dancers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:antiquewhite;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Performing_arts" title="Category:Performing arts">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:antiquewhite;;display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing arts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrobatics" title="Acrobatics">Acrobatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_circus_skills" title="List of circus skills">Circus skills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown" title="Clown">Clown</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(illusion)" title="Magic (illusion)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mime_artist" title="Mime artist">Mime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">Professional wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppetry" title="Puppetry">Puppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_speaking" title="Public speaking">Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">Stand-up comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_performance" title="Street performance">Street performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventriloquism" title="Ventriloquism">Ventriloquism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Performing_arts" title="Template:Performing arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Performing_arts" title="Template talk:Performing arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Performing_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Performing arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dance</b> is an <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">art form</a>, consisting of sequences of body movements with <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic">aesthetic</a> and often <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbolic</a> value, either improvised or purposefully selected. Dance can be categorized and described by its <a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">choreography</a>, by its repertoire of movements or by its <a href="/wiki/History_of_dance" title="History of dance">historical period</a> or <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic,_regional,_and_folk_dances_by_origin" title="List of ethnic, regional, and folk dances by origin">place of origin</a>. Dance is typically performed with <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">musical accompaniment</a>, and sometimes with the dancer simultaneously using a musical instrument themselves. </p><p>There are two different types of dance: <a href="/wiki/Concert_dance" title="Concert dance">theatrical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Participation_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Participation dance">participatory</a> dance. Both types of dance may have special functions, whether social, <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dance" title="Ceremonial dance">ceremonial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Competitive_dance" title="Competitive dance">competitive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erotic_dance" title="Erotic dance">erotic</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_dance" title="War dance">martial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacred_dance" title="Sacred dance">sacred</a> or <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical dance">liturgical</a>. Dance is not solely restricted to performance, as dance is used as a form of exercise and occasionally training for other sports and activities. Dance performances and dancing competitions are found across the world exhibiting various different styles and standards. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theatrical_and_participatory_dance">Theatrical and participatory dance</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDC_onlywayaround.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/GDC_onlywayaround.jpg/300px-GDC_onlywayaround.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/GDC_onlywayaround.jpg/450px-GDC_onlywayaround.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/GDC_onlywayaround.jpg/600px-GDC_onlywayaround.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Members of an American jazz <a href="/wiki/Dance_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance company">dance company</a> perform a formal group routine in a <a href="/wiki/Concert_dance" title="Concert dance">concert dance</a> setting.</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dance" title="Special:EditPage/Dance">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Theatrical dance, also called performance or <a href="/wiki/Concert_dance" title="Concert dance">concert dance</a>, is intended primarily as a spectacle, usually a <a href="/wiki/Performance" title="Performance">performance</a> upon a <a href="/wiki/Stage_(theater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage (theater)">stage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Virtuoso" title="Virtuoso">virtuoso</a> dancers. It often tells a <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">story</a>, perhaps using <a href="/wiki/Mime_artist" title="Mime artist">mime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance_costumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance costumes">costume</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theatrical_scenery" title="Theatrical scenery">scenery</a>, or it may <a href="/wiki/Interpretive_dance" title="Interpretive dance">interpret the musical accompaniment</a>, which is often specially composed and performed in a theatre setting but it is not a requirement. Examples are Western <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">modern dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_Indian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Indian dance">Classical Indian dance</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a>, and Chinese and Japanese song and dance dramas, such as the <a href="/wiki/Dragon_dance" title="Dragon dance">dragon dance</a>. Most classical forms are centred upon dance alone, but performance dance may also appear in <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> and other forms of <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical theatre</a>. </p><p>Participatory dance, whether it be a <a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">folk dance</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Social_dance" title="Social dance">social dance</a>, a group dance such as a <a href="/wiki/Line_dance" title="Line dance">line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circle_dance" title="Circle dance">circle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medieval_dance#Other_Chain_Dances" title="Medieval dance">chain</a> or <a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">square dance</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Partner_dance" title="Partner dance">partner dance</a>, such as in <a href="/wiki/Ballroom_dance" title="Ballroom dance">Western ballroom dancing</a>, is undertaken primarily for a common purpose, such as <a href="/wiki/Social_interaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Social interaction">social interaction</a> or <a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">exercise</a>, or building flexibility of participants rather than to serve any benefit to onlookers. Such dance seldom has any narrative. A group dance and a <i><a href="/wiki/Corps_de_ballet" title="Corps de ballet">corps de ballet</a></i>, a social partner dance and a <i><a href="/wiki/Pas_de_deux" title="Pas de deux">pas de deux</a></i>, differ profoundly. Even a <a href="/wiki/Solo_dance" title="Solo dance">solo dance</a> or <a href="/wiki/Interpretive_dance" title="Interpretive dance">interpretive dance</a> may be undertaken solely for the satisfaction of the dancer. Participatory dancers often all employ the same movements and steps but, for example, in the <a href="/wiki/Rave_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Rave culture">rave culture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a>, vast crowds may engage in <a href="/wiki/Free_dance" title="Free dance">free dance</a>, uncoordinated with those around them. On the other hand, some cultures lay down strict rules as to the particular dances people may or must participate.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_dance" title="History of dance">History of dance</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancing_painting_at_Bhimbetka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dancing_painting_at_Bhimbetka.jpg/220px-Dancing_painting_at_Bhimbetka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dancing_painting_at_Bhimbetka.jpg/330px-Dancing_painting_at_Bhimbetka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Dancing_painting_at_Bhimbetka.jpg/440px-Dancing_painting_at_Bhimbetka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Mesolithic dancers at Bhimbetka</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Archeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeology">Archaeological</a> evidence for early dance includes 10,000-years-old paintings in <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhya Pradesh, India">Madhya Pradesh, India</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Rock_Shelters_of_Bhimbetka" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka">Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-YM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> tomb paintings depicting dancing figures, dated <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3300 BC</span>. It has been proposed that before the invention of written languages, dance was an important part of the oral and performance methods of passing stories down from one generation to the next.<sup id="cite_ref-lecomte_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lecomte-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of dance in <a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_(emotion)" title="Ecstasy (emotion)">ecstatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Altered_state_of_consciousness" title="Altered state of consciousness">trance states</a> and healing rituals (as observed today in many contemporary indigenous cultures) is thought to have been another early factor in the social development of dance.<sup id="cite_ref-guenther_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guenther-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancers_and_musicians_on_a_Sasanian_bowl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dancers_and_musicians_on_a_Sasanian_bowl.jpg/220px-Dancers_and_musicians_on_a_Sasanian_bowl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dancers_and_musicians_on_a_Sasanian_bowl.jpg/330px-Dancers_and_musicians_on_a_Sasanian_bowl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dancers_and_musicians_on_a_Sasanian_bowl.jpg/440px-Dancers_and_musicians_on_a_Sasanian_bowl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Dancers and musicians on a Sasanian bowl, Iran</figcaption></figure> <p>References to dance can be found in very early recorded history; <a href="/wiki/Greek_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek dance">Greek dance</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Choros_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choros (dance)">choros</a></i>) is referred to by <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucian" title="Lucian">Lucian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> and <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> refer to many events related to dance, and contain over 30 different dance terms.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_classical_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Chinese classical dance">Chinese</a> pottery as early as the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period, groups of people are depicted dancing in a line holding hands,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the earliest Chinese word for "dance" is found written in the <a href="/wiki/Oracle_bones" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle bones">oracle bones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dance is described in the <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshi_Chunqiu" title="Lüshi Chunqiu">Lüshi Chunqiu</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-aesthetic_tradition_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aesthetic_tradition-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primitive dance in ancient China was associated with sorcery and shamanic rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_Statuette_of_a_Veiled_and_Masked_Dancer_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bronze_Statuette_of_a_Veiled_and_Masked_Dancer_1.jpg/180px-Bronze_Statuette_of_a_Veiled_and_Masked_Dancer_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bronze_Statuette_of_a_Veiled_and_Masked_Dancer_1.jpg/270px-Bronze_Statuette_of_a_Veiled_and_Masked_Dancer_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bronze_Statuette_of_a_Veiled_and_Masked_Dancer_1.jpg/360px-Bronze_Statuette_of_a_Veiled_and_Masked_Dancer_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Greek bronze statuette of a veiled and masked dancer, 3rd–2nd century BC, Alexandria, Egypt</figcaption></figure> <p>During the first millennium <a href="/wiki/Common_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Common era">BCE</a> in India, many texts were composed which attempted to codify aspects of daily life. <a href="/wiki/Bharata_Muni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharata Muni">Bharata Muni</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i> (literally <i>"the text of dramaturgy"</i>) is one early text. It mainly deals with drama, in which dance plays an important part in Indian culture. A strong continuous tradition of dance has since continued in India, through to modern times, where it continues to play a role in culture, ritual, and the <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> entertainment industry. Many other <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_dance" title="Contemporary dance">contemporary dance</a> forms can likewise be traced back to <a href="/wiki/Historical_dance" title="Historical dance">historical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traditional_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional dance">traditional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dance" title="Ceremonial dance">ceremonial</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_dances_sorted_by_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="List of dances sorted by ethnicity">ethnic</a> dance.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">Dance music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancing_girls_in_concert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dancing_girls_in_concert.jpg/220px-Dancing_girls_in_concert.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dancing_girls_in_concert.jpg/330px-Dancing_girls_in_concert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dancing_girls_in_concert.jpg/440px-Dancing_girls_in_concert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Two women dance at a <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a> concert in <a href="/wiki/Sofia,_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sofia, Bulgaria">Sofia, Bulgaria</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dance is generally, but not exclusively, performed with the accompaniment of <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a> and may or may not be performed in <a href="/wiki/Time_signature" title="Time signature">time</a> to such music. Some dance (such as <a href="/wiki/Tap_dance" title="Tap dance">tap dance</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gumboot_dance" title="Gumboot dance">gumboot dance</a>) may provide its own audible accompaniment in place of (or in addition to) music. Many early forms of music and dance were created for each other and are frequently performed together. Notable examples of traditional dance-music couplings include the <a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">jig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">tango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(dance)" title="Salsa (dance)">salsa</a>. Some <a href="/wiki/Musical_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical genre">musical genres</a> have a parallel dance form such as <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">baroque music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque_dance" title="Baroque dance">baroque dance</a>; other varieties of dance and music may share nomenclature but developed separately, such as <a href="/wiki/Classical_music_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical music era">classical music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_ballet" title="Classical ballet">classical ballet</a>. The choreography and music are meant to complement each other, to express a story told by the choreographer and dancers.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rhythm">Rhythm</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">Rhythm</a> and dance are deeply linked in history and practice. The American dancer <a href="/wiki/Ted_Shawn" title="Ted Shawn">Ted Shawn</a> wrote; "The conception of rhythm which underlies all studies of the dance is something about which we could talk forever, and still not finish."<sup id="cite_ref-Shawn_50_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shawn_50-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A musical rhythm requires two main elements; a regularly-repeating <a href="/wiki/Pulse_(music)" title="Pulse (music)">pulse</a> (also called the "beat" or "tactus") that establishes the <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a>, and a pattern of <a href="/wiki/Accent_(music)" title="Accent (music)">accents</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rest_(music)" title="Rest (music)">rests</a> that establishes the character of the <a href="/wiki/Meter_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter (music)">metre or basic rhythmic pattern</a>. The basic pulse is roughly equal in duration to a simple step or gesture. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango_rhythm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tango_rhythm.svg/220px-Tango_rhythm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tango_rhythm.svg/330px-Tango_rhythm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tango_rhythm.svg/440px-Tango_rhythm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="23" /></a><figcaption>A basic tango rhythm</figcaption></figure> <p>Dances generally have a characteristic tempo and rhythmic pattern. The tango, for example, is usually danced in <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> time at approximately 66 beats per minute. The basic slow step, called a "slow", lasts for one beat, so that a full "right–left" step is equal to one <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> measure. The basic forward and backward walk of the dance is so counted – "slow-slow" – while many additional figures are counted "slow – quick-quick".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Repetitive body movements often depend on alternating "strong" and "weak" muscular movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirstein_4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirstein_4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given this alternation of left-right, of forward-backward and rise-fall, along with the <a href="/wiki/Symmetry_in_biology" title="Symmetry in biology">bilateral symmetry</a> of the human body, many dances and much music are in <a href="/wiki/Duple_and_quadruple_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Duple and quadruple meter">duple and quadruple meter</a>. Since some such movements require more time in one phase than the other – such as the longer time required to lift a hammer than to strike – some dance rhythms fall into <a href="/wiki/Triple_metre" title="Triple metre">triple metre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally, as in <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Southeastern Europe">the folk dances of the Balkans</a>, dance traditions depend heavily on more complex rhythms. Complex dances composed of a fixed sequence of steps require phrases and melodies of a certain fixed length to accompany that sequence. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lululaund_-_The_Dancing_Girl_(painting_and_silk_cloth._A.L._Baldry_1901,_before_p.107).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lululaund_-_The_Dancing_Girl_%28painting_and_silk_cloth._A.L._Baldry_1901%2C_before_p.107%29.jpg/130px-Lululaund_-_The_Dancing_Girl_%28painting_and_silk_cloth._A.L._Baldry_1901%2C_before_p.107%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lululaund_-_The_Dancing_Girl_%28painting_and_silk_cloth._A.L._Baldry_1901%2C_before_p.107%29.jpg/195px-Lululaund_-_The_Dancing_Girl_%28painting_and_silk_cloth._A.L._Baldry_1901%2C_before_p.107%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lululaund_-_The_Dancing_Girl_%28painting_and_silk_cloth._A.L._Baldry_1901%2C_before_p.107%29.jpg/260px-Lululaund_-_The_Dancing_Girl_%28painting_and_silk_cloth._A.L._Baldry_1901%2C_before_p.107%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption><i>Lululaund – The Dancing Girl</i> (painting and silk cloth. A.L. Baldry 1901, before p. 107), The inscription reads; "Dancing is a form of rhythm/ Rhythm is a form of music/ Music is a form of thought/ And thought is a form of divinity."</figcaption></figure> <p>Musical accompaniment arose in the earliest dance, so that ancient Egyptians attributed the origin of the dance to the divine Athotus, who was said to have observed that music accompanying religious rituals caused participants to move rhythmically and to have brought these movements into proportional measure. The idea that dance arises from musical rhythm, was found in <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">renaissance</a> Europe, in the works of the dancer <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Ebreo_da_Pesaro" title="Guglielmo Ebreo da Pesaro">Guglielmo Ebreo da Pesaro</a>. Pesaro speaks of dance as a physical movement that arises from and expresses inward, spiritual motion agreeing with the "measures and perfect concords of harmony" that fall upon the human ear,<sup id="cite_ref-Kirstein_4_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirstein_4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while earlier, <a href="/wiki/Mechthild_of_Magdeburg" title="Mechthild of Magdeburg">Mechthild of Magdeburg</a>, seizing upon dance as a symbol of the holy life foreshadowed in Jesus' saying "I have piped and ye have not danced",<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writes; </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I can not dance unless thou leadest. If thou wouldst have me spring aloft, sing thou and I will spring, into love and from love to knowledge and from knowledge to ecstasy above all human sense<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Thoinot_Arbeau" title="Thoinot Arbeau">Thoinot Arbeau</a>'s celebrated 16th-century dance-treatise <i>Orchésographie</i>, indeed, begins with definitions of over eighty distinct drum-rhythms.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dancing_with_Helen_Moller;_her_own_statement_of_her_philosophy_and_practice_and_teaching_formed_upon_the_classic_Greek_model,_and_adapted_to_meet_the_aesthetic_and_hygienic_needs_of_to-day,_with_(14784705065).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Dancing_with_Helen_Moller%3B_her_own_statement_of_her_philosophy_and_practice_and_teaching_formed_upon_the_classic_Greek_model%2C_and_adapted_to_meet_the_aesthetic_and_hygienic_needs_of_to-day%2C_with_%2814784705065%29.jpg/170px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Dancing_with_Helen_Moller%3B_her_own_statement_of_her_philosophy_and_practice_and_teaching_formed_upon_the_classic_Greek_model%2C_and_adapted_to_meet_the_aesthetic_and_hygienic_needs_of_to-day%2C_with_%2814784705065%29.jpg/255px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Dancing_with_Helen_Moller%3B_her_own_statement_of_her_philosophy_and_practice_and_teaching_formed_upon_the_classic_Greek_model%2C_and_adapted_to_meet_the_aesthetic_and_hygienic_needs_of_to-day%2C_with_%2814784705065%29.jpg/340px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="2090" /></a><figcaption>Helen Moller</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Valse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/La_Valse.jpg/170px-La_Valse.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/La_Valse.jpg/255px-La_Valse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/La_Valse.jpg/340px-La_Valse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1759" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Waltz_(Claudel)" title="The Waltz (Claudel)">The Waltz</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Camille_Claudel" title="Camille Claudel">Camille Claudel</a>, 1905 cast</figcaption></figure> <p>Dance has been represented through the ages as having emerged as a response to music yet, as <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Kirstein" title="Lincoln Kirstein">Lincoln Kirstein</a> implied, it is at least as likely that primitive music arose from dance. Shawn concurs, stating that dance "was the first art of the human race, and the matrix out of which all other arts grew" and that even the "<a href="/wiki/Meter_(poetry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter (poetry)">metre</a> in our poetry today is a result of the accents necessitated by body movement, as the dancing and reciting was performed simultaneously"<sup id="cite_ref-Shawn_50_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shawn_50-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – an assertion somewhat supported by the common use of the term "foot" to describe the fundamental rhythmic units of poetry. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Percy_Scholes" title="Percy Scholes">Scholes</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">musician</a>, offers support for this view, stating that the steady measures of music, of two, three or four beats to the bar, its equal and balanced phrases, regular cadences, contrasts and repetitions, may all be attributed to the "incalculable" influence of dance upon music.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hence, Shawn asserts, "it is quite possible to develop the dance without music and... music is perfectly capable of standing on its own feet without any assistance from the dance", nevertheless the "two arts will always be related and the relationship can be profitable both to the dance and to music",<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the precedence of one art over the other being a moot point. The <a href="/wiki/Common_metre" title="Common metre">common ballad measures</a> of hymns and folk-songs takes their name from dance, as does the <a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">carol</a>, originally a <a href="/wiki/Circle_dance" title="Circle dance">circle dance</a>. Many purely musical pieces have been named "<a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Minuet" title="Minuet">minuet</a>", for example, while many <a href="/wiki/Concert_dance" title="Concert dance">concert dances</a> have been produced that are based upon abstract musical pieces, such as <i><a href="/wiki/2_and_3_Part_Inventions" title="2 and 3 Part Inventions">2 and 3 Part Inventions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adams_Violin_Concerto" title="Adams Violin Concerto">Adams Violin Concerto</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Andantino_(ballet)" title="Andantino (ballet)">Andantino</a></i>. Similarly, poems are often structured and named after dances or musical works, while dance and music have both drawn their conception of "measure" or "metre" from poetry. </p><p>Shawn quotes with approval the statement of Dalcroze that, while the art of musical rhythm consists in differentiating and combining time durations, pauses and accents "according to physiological law", that of "plastic rhythm" (i.e. dance) "is to designate movement in space, to interpret long time-values by slow movements and short ones by quick movements, regulate pauses by their divers successions and express sound accentuations in their multiple nuances by additions of bodily weight, by means of muscular innervations". </p><p>Shawn points out that the system of musical time is a "man-made, artificial thing.... a manufactured tool, whereas rhythm is something that has always existed and depends on man not at all", being "the continuous flowing time which our human minds cut up into convenient units", suggesting that music might be revivified by a return to the values and the time-perception of dancing.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early-20th-century American dancer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Moller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Moller (page does not exist)">Helen Moller</a> stated that "it is rhythm and form more than harmony and color which, from the beginning, has bound music, poetry and dancing together in a union that is indissoluble."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Approaches">Approaches</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinastia_tang,_due_danzatrici,_cina_del_nord,_650_ca..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dinastia_tang%2C_due_danzatrici%2C_cina_del_nord%2C_650_ca..JPG/220px-Dinastia_tang%2C_due_danzatrici%2C_cina_del_nord%2C_650_ca..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dinastia_tang%2C_due_danzatrici%2C_cina_del_nord%2C_650_ca..JPG/330px-Dinastia_tang%2C_due_danzatrici%2C_cina_del_nord%2C_650_ca..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dinastia_tang%2C_due_danzatrici%2C_cina_del_nord%2C_650_ca..JPG/440px-Dinastia_tang%2C_due_danzatrici%2C_cina_del_nord%2C_650_ca..JPG 2x" data-file-width="2692" data-file-height="1323" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> female dancers</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatrical">Theatrical</h3></div> <p>Concert dance, like <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, generally depends for its large-scale form upon a <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narrative</a> <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic structure">dramatic structure</a>. The movements and gestures of the <a href="/wiki/Choreography" title="Choreography">choreography</a> are primarily intended to <a href="/wiki/Mime" class="mw-redirect" title="Mime">mime</a> the personality and aims of the characters and their part in the plot.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such theatrical requirements tend towards longer, freer movements than those usual in non-narrative dance styles. On the other hand, the <i><a href="/wiki/Ballet_blanc" title="Ballet blanc">ballet blanc</a></i>, developed in the 19th century, allows interludes of rhythmic dance that developed into entirely "plotless" ballets in the 20th century<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that allowed fast, rhythmic dance-steps such as those of the <i>petit allegro</i>. A well-known example is <i><a href="/wiki/Danse_des_petits_cygnes" title="Danse des petits cygnes">The Cygnets' Dance</a></i> in act two of <i><a href="/wiki/Swan_Lake" title="Swan Lake">Swan Lake</a></i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> developed out of courtly dramatic productions of 16th- and 17th-century France and Italy and for some time dancers performed dances developed from those familiar from the musical suite,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all of which were defined by definite rhythms closely identified with each dance. These appeared as <a href="/wiki/Character_dance" title="Character dance">character dances</a> in the era of <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">romantic nationalism</a>. </p><p>Ballet reached widespread vogue in the romantic era, accompanied by a larger orchestra and grander musical conceptions that did not lend themselves easily to rhythmic clarity and by dance that emphasised dramatic mime. A broader concept of rhythm was needed, that which <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Laban">Rudolf Laban</a> terms the "rhythm and shape" of movement that communicates character, emotion and intention,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while only certain scenes required the exact synchronisation of step and music essential to other dance styles, so that, to Laban, modern Europeans seemed totally unable to grasp the meaning of "primitive rhythmic movements",<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a situation that began to change in the 20th century with such productions as <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> with its new rhythmic language evoking primal feelings of a primitive past.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indian classical dance styles, like ballet, are often in dramatic form, so that there is a similar complementarity between narrative expression and "pure" dance. In this case, the two are separately defined, though not always separately performed. The rhythmic elements, which are abstract and technical, are known as <i>nritta</i>. Both this and expressive dance <i>(nritya)</i>, though, are closely tied to the rhythmic system (<i><a href="/wiki/Tala_(music)" title="Tala (music)">tala</a></i>). Teachers have adapted the spoken rhythmic mnemonic system called <i><a href="/wiki/Bol_(music)" title="Bol (music)">bol</a></i> to the needs of dancers. </p><p>Japanese classical dance-theatre styles such as <a href="/wiki/Kabuki" title="Kabuki">Kabuki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">Noh</a>, like Indian dance-drama, distinguish between narrative and abstract dance productions. The three main categories of kabuki are <i><a href="/wiki/Jidaimono" title="Jidaimono">jidaimono</a></i> (historical), <i><a href="/wiki/Sewamono" title="Sewamono">sewamono</a></i> (domestic) and <i><a href="/wiki/Shosagoto" title="Shosagoto">shosagoto</a></i> (dance pieces).<sup id="cite_ref-Kabuki_MIT_Global_Shakespeares_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kabuki_MIT_Global_Shakespeares-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Somewhat similarly, Noh distinguishes between <i>Geki Noh</i>, based around the advancement of plot and the narration of action, and <i>Furyū Noh</i>, dance pieces involving acrobatics, stage properties, multiple characters and elaborate stage action.<sup id="cite_ref-Ortolani_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ortolani-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Participatory_and_Social">Participatory and Social</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm/220px--Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="71" data-mwtitle="Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm/Dela_Says_Yippee_at_YDW_2019.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Contra_dance" title="Contra dance">contra dance</a>, a form of participatory social folk dance with mixed European roots</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Social_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Social dances">Social dances</a>, those intended for participation rather than for an audience, may include various forms of mime and narrative, but are typically set much more closely to the rhythmic pattern of music, so that terms like <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">polka</a> refer as much to musical pieces as to the dance itself. The rhythm of the dancers' feet may even form an essential part of the music, as in <a href="/wiki/Tap_dance" title="Tap dance">tap dance</a>. African dance, for example, is rooted in fixed basic steps, but may also allow a high degree of rhythmic interpretation: the feet or the trunk mark the basic pulse while cross-rhythms are picked up by shoulders, knees, or head, with the best dancers simultaneously giving plastic expression to all the elements of the <a href="/wiki/Polyrhythm" title="Polyrhythm">polyrhythmic</a> pattern.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_traditions">Cultural traditions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/220px--Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="44" data-mwtitle="Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm/Kuduro_-_One_of_the_Angolan_National_Dances.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Kuduro" title="Kuduro">Kuduro</a>" (Angolan dance)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_(7269658432).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg/220px-Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg/330px-Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg/440px-Cultural_celebrations_resumed_with_the_end_of_the_LRA_conflict_in_Northern_Uganda_%287269658432%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3480" data-file-height="2267" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Ugandan</a> youth dance at a cultural celebration of peace</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/African_dance" title="African dance">African dance</a></div> <p>Dance in Africa is deeply integrated into society and major events in a community are frequently reflected in dances: dances are performed for births and funerals, weddings and wars.<sup id="cite_ref-WelshHanley2010_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelshHanley2010-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13">: 13 </span></sup> Traditional dances impart cultural morals, including religious traditions and sexual standards; give vent to repressed emotions, such as <a href="/wiki/Grief" title="Grief">grief</a>; motivate community members to cooperate, whether fighting wars or grinding grain; enact spiritual rituals; and contribute to <a href="/wiki/Structural_cohesion" title="Structural cohesion">social cohesiveness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanna1973_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanna1973-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thousands of dances are performed around the continent. These may be divided into traditional, neotraditional, and classical styles: <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folkloric</a> dances of a particular society, dances created more recently in imitation of traditional styles, and dances transmitted more formally in schools or private lessons.<sup id="cite_ref-WelshHanley2010_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelshHanley2010-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup> African dance has been altered by many forces, such as European <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonialist">colonialist</a> governments, who often suppressed local dance traditions as licentious or distracting.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanna1973_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanna1973-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dance in contemporary African cultures still serves its traditional functions in new contexts; dance may celebrate the inauguration of a hospital, build community for rural migrants in unfamiliar cities, and be incorporated into Christian church ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanna1973_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanna1973-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_dance#Asia" title="History of dance">History of dance § Asia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nandini_Ghosal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nandini_Ghosal.jpg/170px-Nandini_Ghosal.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nandini_Ghosal.jpg/255px-Nandini_Ghosal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nandini_Ghosal.jpg/340px-Nandini_Ghosal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>An Indian classical dancer</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Mintha_Theater_2.webm/220px--Mintha_Theater_2.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="53" data-mwtitle="Mintha_Theater_2.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Mintha_Theater_2.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Mintha_Theater_2.webm/Mintha_Theater_2.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Mintha_Theater_2.webm/Mintha_Theater_2.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Mintha_Theater_2.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Mintha_Theater_2.webm/Mintha_Theater_2.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Mintha_Theater_2.webm/Mintha_Theater_2.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Mintha_Theater_2.webm/Mintha_Theater_2.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Mintha_Theater_2.webm/Mintha_Theater_2.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Mintha_Theater_2.webm/Mintha_Theater_2.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>In the Mintha Theater (<a href="/wiki/Mandalay" title="Mandalay">Mandalay</a>) a master teacher of the Inwa School of Performing Arts demonstrates traditional hand movements.</figcaption></figure> <p>All <a href="/wiki/Classical_Indian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Indian dance">Indian classical dances</a> are to varying degrees rooted in the <i><a href="/wiki/Natyashastra" class="mw-redirect" title="Natyashastra">Natyashastra</a></i> and therefore share common features: for example, the <i>mudra</i>s (hand positions), some body positions, leg movement and the inclusion of dramatic or expressive acting or <a href="/wiki/Abhinaya" title="Abhinaya">abhinaya</a>. Indian classical music provides accompaniment and dancers of nearly all the styles wear bells around their ankles to counterpoint and complement the percussion. </p><p>There are now many regional varieties of <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Indian classical dance</a>. Dances like <i>"Odra Magadhi"</i>, which after decades-long debate, has been traced to present day Mithila, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a> region's dance form of <a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a> (Orissi), indicate influence of dances in cultural interactions between different regions.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab</a> area overlapping India and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> is the place of origin of <a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(dance)" title="Bhangra (dance)">Bhangra</a>. It is widely known both as a style of music and a dance. It is mostly related to ancient harvest celebrations, love, patriotism or social issues. Its music is coordinated by a <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">musical instrument</a> called the 'Dhol'. Bhangra is not just music but a dance, a celebration of the harvest where people beat the dhol (drum), sing Boliyaan (lyrics) and dance. It developed further with the Vaisakhi festival of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikhs</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dances_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dances of Sri Lanka">dances of Sri Lanka</a> include the devil dances (<i>yakun natima</i>), a carefully crafted ritual reaching far back into Sri Lanka's pre-Buddhist past that combines ancient "<a href="/wiki/Ayurvedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayurvedic">Ayurvedic</a>" concepts of disease causation with <a href="/wiki/Psychological_manipulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological manipulation">psychological manipulation</a> and combines many aspects including Sinhalese cosmology. Their influence can be seen on the <a href="/wiki/Classical_dances_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical dances of Sri Lanka">classical dances of Sri Lanka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bali-Danse_0729a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bali-Danse_0729a.jpg/170px-Bali-Danse_0729a.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bali-Danse_0729a.jpg/255px-Bali-Danse_0729a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bali-Danse_0729a.jpg/340px-Bali-Danse_0729a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> <a href="/wiki/Balinese_dance" title="Balinese dance">Balinese dancer</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Dances_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dances in Indonesia">Indonesian dances</a> reflect the richness and diversity of Indonesian ethnic groups and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia" title="Culture of Indonesia">cultures</a>. There are more than 1,300 <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Indonesia" title="Ethnic groups in Indonesia">ethnic groups in Indonesia</a>, it can be seen from the cultural roots of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melanesian_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanesian peoples">Melanesian peoples</a>, and various cultural influences from <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and the west. Dances in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> originate from ritual movements and religious ceremonies, this kind of dance usually begins with rituals, such as war dances, shaman dances to cure or ward off disease, dances to call rain and other types of dances. With the acceptance of dharma religion in the 1st century in Indonesia, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> rituals were celebrated in various artistic performances. Hindu epics such as the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> and also the <a href="/wiki/Panji_tales" title="Panji tales">Panji</a> became the inspiration to be shown in a dance-drama called "Sendratari" resembling "<a href="/wiki/Ramayana_Ballet" title="Ramayana Ballet">ballet</a>" in the western tradition. An elaborate and highly stylized dance method was invented and has survived to this day, especially on the islands of <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>. The Javanese <a href="/wiki/Wayang_wong" title="Wayang wong">Wayang wong</a> dance takes footage from the Ramayana or Mahabharata episodes, but this dance is very different from the Indian version, indonesian dances do not pay as much attention to the "<a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">mudras</a>" as Indian dances: even more to show local forms. The sacred <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> ritual dance <a href="/wiki/Bedhaya" title="Bedhaya">Bedhaya</a> is believed to date back to the <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> period in the 14th century or even earlier, this dance originated from ritual dances performed by virgin girls to worship Hindu Gods such as <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>. In Bali, dance has become an integral part of the sacred Hindu Dharma rituals. Some experts believe that <a href="/wiki/Balinese_dance" title="Balinese dance">Balinese dance</a> comes from an older dance tradition from Java. Reliefs from temples in <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a> from the 14th century feature crowns and headdresses similar to the headdresses used in Balinese dance today. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> began to spread to the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_archipelago" title="Indonesian archipelago">Indonesian archipelago</a> when indigenous dances and dharma dances were still popular. Artists and dancers still use styles from the previous era, replacing stories with more Islamic interpretations and clothing that is more closed according to Islamic teachings.<sup id="cite_ref-Folk_Dances_Indonesia_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folk_Dances_Indonesia-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_dance" title="Middle Eastern dance">dances of the Middle East</a> are usually the traditional forms of <a href="/wiki/Circle_dance" title="Circle dance">circle dancing</a> which are modernized to an extent. They would include <a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">dabke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamzara" title="Tamzara">tamzara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk_dance" title="Assyrian folk dance">Assyrian folk dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_dance" title="Kurdish dance">Kurdish dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_dance" title="Armenian dance">Armenian dance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish dance">Turkish dance</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Badley_2000._pp_391-395_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badley_2000._pp_391-395-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All these forms of dances would usually involve participants engaging each other by holding hands or arms (depending on the style of the dance). They would make rhythmic moves with their legs and shoulders as they curve around the dance floor. The head of the dance would generally hold a <a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">cane</a> or <a href="/wiki/Handkerchief" title="Handkerchief">handkerchief</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Badley_2000._pp_391-395_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Badley_2000._pp_391-395-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe_and_North_America">Europe and North America<span class="anchor" id="Europe"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Concert_dance" title="Concert dance">Concert dance</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_dance#Europe" title="History of dance">History of dance § Europe</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dance-At-Bougival.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Dance-At-Bougival.jpg/170px-Dance-At-Bougival.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Dance-At-Bougival.jpg/255px-Dance-At-Bougival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Dance-At-Bougival.jpg/340px-Dance-At-Bougival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2301" data-file-height="4366" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_at_Bougival" title="Dance at Bougival">Dance at Bougival</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a> (1883)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dances</a> vary across Europe and may date back hundreds or thousands of years, but many have features in common such as group participation led by a <a href="/wiki/Caller_(dancing)" title="Caller (dancing)">caller</a>, hand-holding or arm-linking between participants, and fixed musical forms known as caroles.<sup id="cite_ref-lee_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lee-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some, such as the <a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">maypole</a> dance are common to many nations, while others such as the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9ilidh" class="mw-redirect" title="Céilidh">céilidh</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">polka</a> are deeply-rooted in a single culture. Some European folk dances such as the <a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">square dance</a> were brought to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> and subsequently became part of American culture. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NutcrackerSnowPas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/NutcrackerSnowPas.JPG/220px-NutcrackerSnowPas.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/NutcrackerSnowPas.JPG/330px-NutcrackerSnowPas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/NutcrackerSnowPas.JPG/440px-NutcrackerSnowPas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="1425" /></a><figcaption>Two classical ballet dancers perform a sequence of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker" title="The Nutcracker">The Nutcracker</a></i>, one of the best known works of classical dance.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm/220px--Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="10" data-mwtitle="Buffalo_Dance_(1894).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Buffalo_Dance_(1894).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="960" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1440" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1440" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm/Buffalo_Dance_%281894%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Sioux <i><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Dance_(film)" title="Buffalo Dance (film)">Buffalo Dance</a></i>, 1894</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">Ballet</a> developed first in Italy and then in France from lavish court spectacles that combined rhythm, drama, poetry, song, costumes and dance. Members of the court nobility took part as performers. During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>, himself a dancer, dance became more codified. Professional dancers began to take the place of court amateurs, and ballet masters were licensed by the French government. The first ballet dance academy was the Académie Royale de Danse (Royal Dance Academy), opened in Paris in 1661. Shortly thereafter, the first institutionalized ballet troupe, associated with the academy, was formed; this troupe began as an all-male ensemble but by 1681 opened to include women as well.<sup id="cite_ref-lecomte_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lecomte-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/20th_century_concert_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="20th century concert dance">20th century concert dance</a> brought an explosion of innovation in dance style characterized by an exploration of freer technique. Early pioneers of what became known as <a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">modern dance</a> include <a href="/wiki/Loie_Fuller" title="Loie Fuller">Loie Fuller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isadora_Duncan" title="Isadora Duncan">Isadora Duncan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wigman" title="Mary Wigman">Mary Wigman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruth_St._Denis" title="Ruth St. Denis">Ruth St. Denis</a>. The relationship of music to dance serves as the basis for <a href="/wiki/Eurhythmics" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurhythmics">Eurhythmics</a>, devised by <a href="/wiki/Emile_Jaques-Dalcroze" class="mw-redirect" title="Emile Jaques-Dalcroze">Emile Jaques-Dalcroze</a>, which was influential to the development of Modern dance and modern ballet through artists such as <a href="/wiki/Marie_Rambert" title="Marie Rambert">Marie Rambert</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurythmy" title="Eurythmy">Eurythmy</a>, developed by <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Steiner-von_Sivers" title="Marie Steiner-von Sivers">Marie Steiner-von Sivers</a>, combines formal elements reminiscent of traditional dance with the new freer style, and introduced a complex new vocabulary to dance. In the 1920s, important founders of the new style such as <a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Doris_Humphrey" title="Doris Humphrey">Doris Humphrey</a> began their work. Since this time, a wide variety of dance styles have been developed; see <a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Modern dance</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/African_American_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="African American dance">African American dance</a> developed in everyday spaces, rather than in dance studios, schools or companies. <a href="/wiki/Tap_dance" title="Tap dance">Tap dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_dance" title="Jazz dance">jazz dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swing_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing dance">swing dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_dance" title="Hip hop dance">hip hop dance</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lindy_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindy hop">lindy hop</a> with its relationship to <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock and roll (dance)">rock and roll dance</a> have had a global influence. Dance styles fusing classical ballet technique with African-American dance have also appeared in the 21st century, including <a href="/wiki/Hiplet_(dance_style)" title="Hiplet (dance style)">Hiplet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kourlas_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kourlas-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American dance">Latin American dance</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HK_TST_night_%E6%9F%8F%E9%BA%97%E8%B3%BC%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93_Park_Lane_Shopper%27s_Boulevard_%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF_Brasil_%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%B4%E8%88%9E%E5%A8%98_Samba_female_dancers_Nov-2010_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/HK_TST_night_%E6%9F%8F%E9%BA%97%E8%B3%BC%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93_Park_Lane_Shopper%27s_Boulevard_%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF_Brasil_%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%B4%E8%88%9E%E5%A8%98_Samba_female_dancers_Nov-2010_02.JPG/240px-HK_TST_night_%E6%9F%8F%E9%BA%97%E8%B3%BC%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93_Park_Lane_Shopper%27s_Boulevard_%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF_Brasil_%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%B4%E8%88%9E%E5%A8%98_Samba_female_dancers_Nov-2010_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/HK_TST_night_%E6%9F%8F%E9%BA%97%E8%B3%BC%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93_Park_Lane_Shopper%27s_Boulevard_%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF_Brasil_%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%B4%E8%88%9E%E5%A8%98_Samba_female_dancers_Nov-2010_02.JPG/360px-HK_TST_night_%E6%9F%8F%E9%BA%97%E8%B3%BC%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93_Park_Lane_Shopper%27s_Boulevard_%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF_Brasil_%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%B4%E8%88%9E%E5%A8%98_Samba_female_dancers_Nov-2010_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/HK_TST_night_%E6%9F%8F%E9%BA%97%E8%B3%BC%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93_Park_Lane_Shopper%27s_Boulevard_%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF_Brasil_%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%B4%E8%88%9E%E5%A8%98_Samba_female_dancers_Nov-2010_02.JPG/480px-HK_TST_night_%E6%9F%8F%E9%BA%97%E8%B3%BC%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93_Park_Lane_Shopper%27s_Boulevard_%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF_Brasil_%E6%A3%AE%E5%B7%B4%E8%88%9E%E5%A8%98_Samba_female_dancers_Nov-2010_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Samba_school" title="Samba school">Street samba</a> dancers perform in carnival parades and contests.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dance is central to <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> social life and culture. Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Samba_(Brazilian_dance)" title="Samba (Brazilian dance)">Samba</a>, Argentinian <a href="/wiki/Tango" title="Tango">tango</a>, and Cuban <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(dance)" title="Salsa (dance)">salsa</a> are internationally popular partner dances, and other national dances—<a href="/wiki/Merengue_(dance)" title="Merengue (dance)">merengue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">cueca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">plena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarabe" title="Jarabe">jarabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">joropo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">marinera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">cumbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachata_(dance)" title="Bachata (dance)">bachata</a> and others—are important components of their respective countries' cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-Chasteen2004_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chasteen2004-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> festivals incorporate these and other dances in enormous celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-MusmonHanley2010_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MusmonHanley2010-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Dance has played an important role in forging a collective identity among the many cultural and ethnic groups of <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DelgadoMuñoz1997_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DelgadoMuñoz1997-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dance served to unite the many African, European, and indigenous peoples of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Chasteen2004_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chasteen2004-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain dance genres, such as <a href="/wiki/Capoeira" title="Capoeira">capoeira</a>, and body movements, especially the characteristic <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebrada_(dance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quebrada (dance) (page does not exist)">quebradas</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a> swings, have been variously banned and celebrated throughout Latin American history.<sup id="cite_ref-DelgadoMuñoz1997_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DelgadoMuñoz1997-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gibney_Dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gibney_Dance.jpg/220px-Gibney_Dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gibney_Dance.jpg/330px-Gibney_Dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gibney_Dance.jpg/440px-Gibney_Dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A dancer practices in a <a href="/wiki/Dance_studio" title="Dance studio">dance studio</a>, the primary setting for training in classical dance and many other styles.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dance studies are offered through the <a href="/wiki/Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts">arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> programs of many higher education institutions. Some universities offer <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> and higher <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">academic degrees</a> in Dance. A dance study curriculum may encompass a diverse range of courses and topics, including dance practice and performance, choreography, <a href="/wiki/Ethnochoreology" title="Ethnochoreology">ethnochoreology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinesiology" title="Kinesiology">kinesiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance_notation" title="Dance notation">dance notation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dance_therapy" title="Dance therapy">dance therapy</a>. Most recently, dance and movement therapy has been integrated in some schools into math lessons for students with learning disabilities, emotional or behavioral disabilities, as well as for those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dance is taught to all ages ranging from two years old to the adult level outside of a professional dance setting. Typically this dance education is seen in dance studio businesses across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some K-12 public schools have provided the opportunity for students to take beginner level dance classes, as well as participate in dance teams that perform at school events. <sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occupations">Occupations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_occupations" title="List of dance occupations">List of dance occupations</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dancers">Dancers</h3></div> <p>Professional dancers are usually employed on contract or for particular performances or productions. The professional life of a dancer is generally one of constantly changing work situations, strong competitive pressure and low pay. Consequently, professional dancers often must supplement their incomes to achieve financial stability. In the U.S. many professional dancers belong to unions (such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Guild_of_Musical_Artists" title="American Guild of Musical Artists">American Guild of Musical Artists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a> and <a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a>) that establish working conditions and minimum salaries for their members. Professional dancers must possess large amounts of athleticism. To lead a successful career, it is advantageous to be versatile in many styles of dance, have a strong technical background and to use other forms of physical training to remain fit and healthy.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teachers">Teachers</h3></div> <p>Dance teachers typically focus on teaching dance performance, or coaching competitive dancers, or both. They typically have performance experience in the types of dance they teach or coach. For example, <a href="/wiki/Dancesport" title="Dancesport">dancesport</a> teachers and coaches are often tournament dancers or former dancesport performers. Dance teachers may be self-employed, or employed by <a href="/wiki/Dance_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance school">dance schools</a> or general education institutions with dance programs. Some work for university programs or other schools that are associated with professional classical dance (e.g., ballet) or modern dance companies. Others are employed by smaller, privately owned dance schools that offer dance training and performance coaching for various types of dance.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Choreographers">Choreographers</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Choreography_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choreography (dance)">Choreographers</a> are the ones that design the dancing movements within a dance, they are often university trained and are typically employed for particular projects or, more rarely may work on contract as the resident choreographer for a specific dance company.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competitions">Competitions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MIT_2006_Standard_Prechamp_Final_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/MIT_2006_Standard_Prechamp_Final_2.jpg/320px-MIT_2006_Standard_Prechamp_Final_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/MIT_2006_Standard_Prechamp_Final_2.jpg/480px-MIT_2006_Standard_Prechamp_Final_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/MIT_2006_Standard_Prechamp_Final_2.jpg/640px-MIT_2006_Standard_Prechamp_Final_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="1033" /></a><figcaption>An amateur dancesport competition, featuring the <a href="/wiki/Viennese_Waltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Viennese Waltz">Viennese Waltz</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>dance competition</b> is an organized event in which contestants perform dances before a judge or judges for awards, and in some cases, monetary prizes. There are several major types of dance competitions, distinguished primarily by the style or styles of dances performed. Dance competitions are an excellent setting to build connections with industry leading faculty members, adjudicators, choreographers and other dancers from competing studios. A typical dance competition for younger pre-professional dancers can last anywhere between two and four days, depending whether it is a regional or national competition. </p><p>The purpose of dance competitions is to provide a fun and educative place for dancers and give them the opportunity to perform their choreographed routines from their current dance season onstage. Oftentimes, competitions will take place in a professional setting or may vary to non-performance spaces, such as a high school theatre. The results of the dancers are then dictated by a credible panel of judges and are evaluated on their performance than given a score. As far as competitive categories go, most competitions base their categories according to the dance style, age, experience level and the number of dancers competing in the routine.<sup id="cite_ref-Schupp_58–67_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schupp_58–67-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major types of dance competitions include: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dancesport" title="Dancesport">Dancesport</a></b>, which is focused exclusively on <a href="/wiki/Ballroom_dance" title="Ballroom dance">ballroom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_dance" title="Latin dance">latin dance</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Competitive_dance" title="Competitive dance">Competitive dance</a></b>, in which a variety of theater dance styles, such as <a href="/wiki/Acro_dance" title="Acro dance">acrobatics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_dance" title="Jazz dance">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyrical_dance" title="Lyrical dance">lyrical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Step_dance" title="Step dance">stepping</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tap_dance" title="Tap dance">tap</a>, are permitted.</li> <li><b>Commercial Dance</b>, consisting of as hip hop, jazz, locking, popping, breakdancing, contemporary etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Schupp_58–67_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schupp_58–67-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Single-style</b> competitions, such as; <a href="/wiki/Scottish_highland_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish highland dance">highland dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance_squad" title="Dance squad">dance team</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Irish dance</a>, that only permit a single dance style.</li> <li><b>Open</b> competitions, that permit a wide variety of dance styles. An example of this is the TV program <i><a href="/wiki/So_You_Think_You_Can_Dance" title="So You Think You Can Dance">So You Think You Can Dance</a></i>.</li> <li><b>Olympic</b>, Dance has been trying to be part of the Olympic sport since 1930s.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dance_diplomacy">Dance diplomacy</h2></div> <p>During the 1950s and 1960s, cultural exchange of dance was a common feature of international diplomacy, especially amongst East and South Asian nations. The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>, for example, developed a formula for dance diplomacy that sought to learn from and express respect for the aesthetic traditions of recently independent states that were former European colonies, such as Indonesia, India, and Burma, as a show of anti-colonial solidarity.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footwear">Footwear</h3></div> <p>In most forms of dance the foot is the source of movement, and in some cases require specific shoes to aid in the health, safety ability of the dancer, depending on the type of dance, the intensity of the movements, and the surface that will be danced on. </p><p>Dance footwear can be potentially both supportive and or restrictive to the movement of the dancer.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effectiveness of the shoe is related to its ability to help the foot do something it is not intended to do, or to make easier a difficult movement. Such effects relate to health and safety because of the function of the equipment as unnatural to the bodies usual mobility. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ballet">Ballet</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cutaway-of-a-pointe-shoe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Cutaway-of-a-pointe-shoe.png/220px-Cutaway-of-a-pointe-shoe.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Cutaway-of-a-pointe-shoe.png/330px-Cutaway-of-a-pointe-shoe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Cutaway-of-a-pointe-shoe.png/440px-Cutaway-of-a-pointe-shoe.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pointe_shoe" title="Pointe shoe">Pointe shoe</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pointe_shoe_wear.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pointe_shoe_wear.jpg/220px-Pointe_shoe_wear.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pointe_shoe_wear.jpg/330px-Pointe_shoe_wear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Pointe_shoe_wear.jpg/440px-Pointe_shoe_wear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2259" data-file-height="1763" /></a><figcaption>Worn out pointe shoe</figcaption></figure> <p>Ballet is notable for the risks of injury due to the biomechanics of the ankle and the toes as the main support for the rest of the movements. With the <a href="/wiki/Pointe_shoe" title="Pointe shoe">pointe shoe</a>, the design specifically brings all of the toes together to allow the toes to be stood on for longer periods of time.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are accessories associated with pointe shoes that help to mitigate injury and soothe pain while dancing, including things such as toe pads, toe tape, and cushions.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Body_image">Body image</h3></div> <p>Dancers are publicly thought to be very preoccupied with their body image to fit a certain mold in the industry. Research indicates that dancers do have greater difficulty controlling their eating habits as a large quantity strive for the art-form's ideal body mass. Some dancers often resort to abusive tactics to maintain a certain image. Common scenarios include dancers abusing laxatives for weight control and end up falling into unhealthy eating disorders. Studies show that a large quantity of dancers use at least one method of weight control including over exercising and food restriction. The pressure for dancers to maintain a below average weight affects their eating and weight controlling behaviours and their life-style.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its artistic nature, dancers tend to have many hostile self-critical tendencies. Commonly seen in performers, it is likely that a variety of individuals may be resistant to concepts of self-compassion.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eating_disorders">Eating disorders</h3></div> <p>In North America, eating disorders present a significant public health challenge, with an estimated 10% of young girls affected. Those engaged in aesthetic-focused sports like dance face even greater risks due to intense pressures for a slender physique.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eating disorders in dancers are generally very common. Through data analysis and studies published, sufficient data regarding the percentage and accuracy dancers have of realistically falling into unhealthy disordered eating habits or the development of an eating disorder were extracted. Dancers, in general, have a higher risk of developing eating disorders than the general public, primarily falling into <a href="/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa" title="Anorexia nervosa">anorexia nervosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Other_specified_feeding_or_eating_disorder" title="Other specified feeding or eating disorder">EDNOS</a>. Research has yet to distinguish a direct correlation regarding dancers having a higher risk of developing bulimia nervosa. Studies concluded that dancers overall have a three times higher risk of developing eating disorders, more specifically anorexia nervosa and EDNOS.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dance_on_social_media">Dance on social media</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Undue_weight plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-undue-weight" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>lend <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dance&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in a <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Balance" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">balanced fashion</a></b> that contextualizes different points of view.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p> Dance has become a popular form of content across many social media platforms, including <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>. During 2020, TikTok dances offered the opportunity for isolated individuals to interact and connect with one another through a virtual format.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since its debut in 2017, the app has also attracted a small but growing audience of professional dancers in their early 20s to 30s. While the majority of this demographic is more accustomed to performing onstage, this app introduced a new means to generate professional exposure.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 123.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 121.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_28.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A satyr dancing. A fresco from the cubiculum in the Villa of the Mysteries. From Pompeii. Date: 80 to 70 BCE [70]"><img alt="A satyr dancing. A fresco from the cubiculum in the Villa of the Mysteries. From Pompeii. Date: 80 to 70 BCE [70]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_28.JPG/182px-Fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_28.JPG" decoding="async" width="122" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_28.JPG/273px-Fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_28.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_28.JPG/364px-Fresco_Villa_dei_Misteri_28.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 102px"><div class="gallerytext">A satyr dancing. A fresco from the cubiculum in the <a href="/wiki/Villa_of_the_Mysteries" title="Villa of the Mysteries">Villa of the Mysteries</a>. From Pompeii. Date: 80 to 70 BCE <sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_dancers_in_team_costume,_Davis_Academy,_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Folk dance – a trio of Irish Stepdancers performing in competition"><img alt="Folk dance – a trio of Irish Stepdancers performing in competition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Irish_dancers_in_team_costume%2C_Davis_Academy%2C_USA.jpg/195px-Irish_dancers_in_team_costume%2C_Davis_Academy%2C_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Irish_dancers_in_team_costume%2C_Davis_Academy%2C_USA.jpg/293px-Irish_dancers_in_team_costume%2C_Davis_Academy%2C_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Irish_dancers_in_team_costume%2C_Davis_Academy%2C_USA.jpg/390px-Irish_dancers_in_team_costume%2C_Davis_Academy%2C_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 110px"><div class="gallerytext"><b>Folk dance</b> – a trio of <a href="/wiki/Irish_Stepdance" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Stepdance">Irish Stepdancers</a> performing in competition</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C3%9CRKA_Vanemuise_suures_majas_--_tants_Kodukotus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Folk dance in Estonia"><img alt="Folk dance in Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/T%C3%9CRKA_Vanemuise_suures_majas_--_tants_Kodukotus.JPG/364px-T%C3%9CRKA_Vanemuise_suures_majas_--_tants_Kodukotus.JPG" decoding="async" width="243" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/T%C3%9CRKA_Vanemuise_suures_majas_--_tants_Kodukotus.JPG/547px-T%C3%9CRKA_Vanemuise_suures_majas_--_tants_Kodukotus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/T%C3%9CRKA_Vanemuise_suures_majas_--_tants_Kodukotus.JPG/728px-T%C3%9CRKA_Vanemuise_suures_majas_--_tants_Kodukotus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2979" data-file-height="2235" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 223px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a> in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 129.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NwFusionAngelaLeap.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A contemporary dancer performs a stag split leap."><img alt="A contemporary dancer performs a stag split leap." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/NwFusionAngelaLeap.jpg/194px-NwFusionAngelaLeap.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/NwFusionAngelaLeap.jpg/291px-NwFusionAngelaLeap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/NwFusionAngelaLeap.jpg/388px-NwFusionAngelaLeap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="2120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 110px"><div class="gallerytext">A contemporary dancer performs a stag split leap.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 208.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 206.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NWFusion7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dance partnering – a male dancer assists a female dancer in performing an arabesque, as part of a classical pas de deux."><img alt="Dance partnering – a male dancer assists a female dancer in performing an arabesque, as part of a classical pas de deux." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/NWFusion7.jpg/310px-NWFusion7.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/NWFusion7.jpg/466px-NWFusion7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/NWFusion7.jpg/620px-NWFusion7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1897" data-file-height="1671" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 187px"><div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Dance_partnering" title="Dance partnering">Dance partnering</a></b> – a male dancer assists a female dancer in performing an <a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(ballet_position)" title="Arabesque (ballet position)">arabesque</a>, as part of a classical <a href="/wiki/Pas_de_deux" title="Pas de deux">pas de deux</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FrontAerial.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Acrobatic dance – an acro dancer performs a front aerial."><img alt="Acrobatic dance – an acro dancer performs a front aerial." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/FrontAerial.gif" decoding="async" width="218" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="211" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 198px"><div class="gallerytext"><b>Acrobatic dance</b> – an <a href="/wiki/Acro_dance" title="Acro dance">acro dancer</a> performs a <a href="/wiki/Front_aerial" title="Front aerial">front aerial</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ToeRise.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A dancer performs a "toe rise", in which she rises from a kneeling position to a standing position on the tops of her feet."><img alt="A dancer performs a "toe rise", in which she rises from a kneeling position to a standing position on the tops of her feet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/ToeRise.jpg/214px-ToeRise.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/ToeRise.jpg/322px-ToeRise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/ToeRise.jpg/429px-ToeRise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 123px"><div class="gallerytext">A dancer performs a "toe rise", in which she rises from a kneeling position to a standing position on the tops of her feet.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 246.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 244.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jitterbug_Wolcott_FSA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Social dance – dancers at a juke joint dance the Jitterbug, an early 20th century dance that would go on to influence swing, jive, and jazz dance."><img alt="Social dance – dancers at a juke joint dance the Jitterbug, an early 20th century dance that would go on to influence swing, jive, and jazz dance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jitterbug_Wolcott_FSA.jpg/367px-Jitterbug_Wolcott_FSA.jpg" decoding="async" width="245" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jitterbug_Wolcott_FSA.jpg/550px-Jitterbug_Wolcott_FSA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jitterbug_Wolcott_FSA.jpg/733px-Jitterbug_Wolcott_FSA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 225px"><div class="gallerytext"><b>Social dance</b> – dancers at a <a href="/wiki/Juke_joint" title="Juke joint">juke joint</a> dance the <a href="/wiki/Jitterbug" title="Jitterbug">Jitterbug</a>, an early 20th century dance that would go on to influence <a href="/wiki/Swing_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing dance">swing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jive_(dance)" title="Jive (dance)">jive</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jazz_dance" title="Jazz dance">jazz dance</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanzturnier_28.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin Ballroom dancers perform the Tango."><img alt="Latin Ballroom dancers perform the Tango." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Tanzturnier_28.JPG/193px-Tanzturnier_28.JPG" decoding="async" width="129" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Tanzturnier_28.JPG/290px-Tanzturnier_28.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Tanzturnier_28.JPG/386px-Tanzturnier_28.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1193" data-file-height="1686" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 109px"><div class="gallerytext">Latin Ballroom dancers perform the <a href="/wiki/Tango" title="Tango">Tango</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 276px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 274px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bootsa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gumboot dance evolved from the stomping signals used as coded communication between labourers in South African mines."><img alt="Gumboot dance evolved from the stomping signals used as coded communication between labourers in South African mines." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bootsa.jpg/411px-Bootsa.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Bootsa.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 254px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gumboot_dance" title="Gumboot dance">Gumboot dance</a> evolved from the stomping signals used as coded communication between labourers in South African mines.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harlekin_Columbine_Tivoli_Denmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harlequin and Columbina from the mime theater in Copenhagen, Denmark"><img alt="Harlequin and Columbina from the mime theater in Copenhagen, Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Harlekin_Columbine_Tivoli_Denmark.jpg/222px-Harlekin_Columbine_Tivoli_Denmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Harlekin_Columbine_Tivoli_Denmark.jpg/334px-Harlekin_Columbine_Tivoli_Denmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Harlekin_Columbine_Tivoli_Denmark.jpg/445px-Harlekin_Columbine_Tivoli_Denmark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="674" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 128px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbina" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbina">Columbina</a> from the mime theater in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen,_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen, Denmark">Copenhagen, Denmark</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Popping_dancer.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="A hip-hop dancer demonstrates popping."><img alt="A hip-hop dancer demonstrates popping." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Popping_dancer.gif/262px-Popping_dancer.gif" decoding="async" width="175" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Popping_dancer.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="312" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 155px"><div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop dance">hip-hop dancer</a> demonstrates <a href="/wiki/Popping_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popping (dance)">popping</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 153.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 151.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Striptease_pole_dancing_in_Belovskaya,_Belgorodskaya_Oblast,_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Erotic dance – a pole dancer performs a routine."><img alt="Erotic dance – a pole dancer performs a routine." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Striptease_pole_dancing_in_Belovskaya%2C_Belgorodskaya_Oblast%2C_Russia.jpg/227px-Striptease_pole_dancing_in_Belovskaya%2C_Belgorodskaya_Oblast%2C_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Striptease_pole_dancing_in_Belovskaya%2C_Belgorodskaya_Oblast%2C_Russia.jpg/341px-Striptease_pole_dancing_in_Belovskaya%2C_Belgorodskaya_Oblast%2C_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Striptease_pole_dancing_in_Belovskaya%2C_Belgorodskaya_Oblast%2C_Russia.jpg/454px-Striptease_pole_dancing_in_Belovskaya%2C_Belgorodskaya_Oblast%2C_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="921" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 132px"><div class="gallerytext"><b><a href="/wiki/Erotic_dance" title="Erotic dance">Erotic dance</a></b> – a <a href="/wiki/Pole_dancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pole dancer">pole dancer</a> performs a routine.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spark_Fire_Dance_in_Art_on_Ice_2014-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prop dance – a fire dancer performance"><img alt="Prop dance – a fire dancer performance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Spark_Fire_Dance_in_Art_on_Ice_2014-3.jpg/237px-Spark_Fire_Dance_in_Art_on_Ice_2014-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Spark_Fire_Dance_in_Art_on_Ice_2014-3.jpg/355px-Spark_Fire_Dance_in_Art_on_Ice_2014-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Spark_Fire_Dance_in_Art_on_Ice_2014-3.jpg/473px-Spark_Fire_Dance_in_Art_on_Ice_2014-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 138px"><div class="gallerytext"><b>Prop dance</b> – a <a href="/wiki/Fire_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire dance">fire dancer</a> performance</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imdt01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modern dance – a dancer performs a leg split while balanced on the back of her partner."><img alt="Modern dance – a dancer performs a leg split while balanced on the back of her partner." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Imdt01.jpg/273px-Imdt01.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Imdt01.jpg/410px-Imdt01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Imdt01.jpg/546px-Imdt01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 162px"><div class="gallerytext"><b>Modern dance</b> – a dancer performs a <a href="/wiki/Splits" class="mw-redirect" title="Splits">leg split</a> while balanced on the back of her partner.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 123.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 121.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belogolovtsev_Abderahman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stage dance – a professional dancer at the Bolshoi Theatre"><img alt="Stage dance – a professional dancer at the Bolshoi Theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Belogolovtsev_Abderahman.jpg/182px-Belogolovtsev_Abderahman.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Belogolovtsev_Abderahman.jpg/273px-Belogolovtsev_Abderahman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Belogolovtsev_Abderahman.jpg/364px-Belogolovtsev_Abderahman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="1240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 102px"><div class="gallerytext"><b>Stage dance</b> – a professional dancer at the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theatre" title="Bolshoi Theatre">Bolshoi Theatre</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_bailaora_Josefa_Vargas_(1840).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A nineteenth century artist's representation of a Flamenco dancer"><img alt="A nineteenth century artist's representation of a Flamenco dancer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/La_bailaora_Josefa_Vargas_%281840%29.jpg/213px-La_bailaora_Josefa_Vargas_%281840%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/La_bailaora_Josefa_Vargas_%281840%29.jpg/320px-La_bailaora_Josefa_Vargas_%281840%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/La_bailaora_Josefa_Vargas_%281840%29.jpg/426px-La_bailaora_Josefa_Vargas_%281840%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 122px"><div class="gallerytext">A nineteenth century artist's representation of a Flamenco dancer</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 249.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 247.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ritual dance – Armenian folk dancers celebrate a neo-pagan new year."><img alt="Ritual dance – Armenian folk dancers celebrate a neo-pagan new year." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4.jpg/371px-%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4.jpg/557px-%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4.jpg/742px-%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2788" data-file-height="2052" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 228px"><div class="gallerytext"><b>Ritual dance</b> – Armenian folk dancers celebrate a <a href="/wiki/Neo-pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-pagan">neo-pagan</a> new year.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 123.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 121.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samba_Atlason_Jakobsdottir_0509.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A latin ballroom couple perform a Samba routine at a dancesport event."><img alt="A latin ballroom couple perform a Samba routine at a dancesport event." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Samba_Atlason_Jakobsdottir_0509.JPG/182px-Samba_Atlason_Jakobsdottir_0509.JPG" decoding="async" width="122" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Samba_Atlason_Jakobsdottir_0509.JPG/273px-Samba_Atlason_Jakobsdottir_0509.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Samba_Atlason_Jakobsdottir_0509.JPG/364px-Samba_Atlason_Jakobsdottir_0509.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2238" data-file-height="3357" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 102px"><div class="gallerytext">A latin ballroom couple perform a <a href="/wiki/Samba_(ballroom_dance)" title="Samba (ballroom dance)">Samba</a> routine at a dancesport event.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polonezkoy_08859_nevit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Folk dance – some dance traditions travel with immigrant communities, as with this festival dance performed by a Polish community in Turkey."><img alt="Folk dance – some dance traditions travel with immigrant communities, as with this festival dance performed by a Polish community in Turkey." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Polonezkoy_08859_nevit.jpg/364px-Polonezkoy_08859_nevit.jpg" decoding="async" width="243" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Polonezkoy_08859_nevit.jpg/547px-Polonezkoy_08859_nevit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Polonezkoy_08859_nevit.jpg/728px-Polonezkoy_08859_nevit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 223px"><div class="gallerytext"><b>Folk dance</b> – some dance traditions travel with immigrant communities, as with this festival dance performed by a Polish community in Turkey.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 123.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 121.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fuori_asse_alla_seconda.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A ballet dancer performs a standing side split."><img alt="A ballet dancer performs a standing side split." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fuori_asse_alla_seconda.jpg/182px-Fuori_asse_alla_seconda.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fuori_asse_alla_seconda.jpg/273px-Fuori_asse_alla_seconda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fuori_asse_alla_seconda.jpg/364px-Fuori_asse_alla_seconda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1723" data-file-height="2585" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 102px"><div class="gallerytext">A ballet dancer performs a standing <a href="/wiki/Splits" class="mw-redirect" title="Splits">side split</a>.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Breakdancer_-_Faneuil_Hall_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Street dance – a Breakdancer performs a handstand trick."><img alt="Street dance – a Breakdancer performs a handstand trick." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Breakdancer_-_Faneuil_Hall_cropped.jpg/205px-Breakdancer_-_Faneuil_Hall_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Breakdancer_-_Faneuil_Hall_cropped.jpg/308px-Breakdancer_-_Faneuil_Hall_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Breakdancer_-_Faneuil_Hall_cropped.jpg/410px-Breakdancer_-_Faneuil_Hall_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 117px"><div class="gallerytext"><b>Street dance</b> – a <a href="/wiki/Breakdance" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakdance">Breakdancer</a> performs a handstand trick.</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian classical dancer"><img alt="Indian classical dancer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg/168px-Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg/253px-Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg/337px-Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 92px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Indian classical dancer</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ballet_Class_3_(237261875).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ballet class of young girls wearing leotards and skirts in 2017"><img alt="Ballet class of young girls wearing leotards and skirts in 2017" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ballet_Class_3_%28237261875%29.jpeg/364px-Ballet_Class_3_%28237261875%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="243" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ballet_Class_3_%28237261875%29.jpeg/547px-Ballet_Class_3_%28237261875%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ballet_Class_3_%28237261875%29.jpeg/728px-Ballet_Class_3_%28237261875%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 223px"><div class="gallerytext">Ballet class of young girls wearing leotards and skirts in 2017</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tari_Kebagh,_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kebagh dance from Pagar Alam, Indonesia"><img alt="Kebagh dance from Pagar Alam, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tari_Kebagh%2C_2017.jpg/201px-Tari_Kebagh%2C_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tari_Kebagh%2C_2017.jpg/301px-Tari_Kebagh%2C_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tari_Kebagh%2C_2017.jpg/401px-Tari_Kebagh%2C_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="5463" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 114px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Kebagh</i> dance from <a href="/wiki/Pagar_Alam" title="Pagar Alam">Pagar Alam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 273.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:50_tahun_LKB_Saraswati,_Jakarta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Balinese dance"><img alt="Balinese dance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/50_tahun_LKB_Saraswati%2C_Jakarta.jpg/410px-50_tahun_LKB_Saraswati%2C_Jakarta.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/50_tahun_LKB_Saraswati%2C_Jakarta.jpg/615px-50_tahun_LKB_Saraswati%2C_Jakarta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/50_tahun_LKB_Saraswati%2C_Jakarta.jpg/819px-50_tahun_LKB_Saraswati%2C_Jakarta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12402" data-file-height="8268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 254px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Balinese_people" title="Balinese people">Balinese</a> dance</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_performing_arts" title="Outline of performing arts">Outline of performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_dance" title="Outline of dance">Outline of dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dancers" title="List of dancers">List of dancers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dances" title="List of dances">List of dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_awards" title="List of dance awards">List of dance awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_dance_articles" title="Index of dance articles">Index of dance articles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Additional references: <sup id="cite_ref-carnegiehall/Helen-Moller-1918_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carnegiehall/Helen-Moller-1918-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-nytimes/moller-appear_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes/moller-appear-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-archive/dancinghelenmoll00moll_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive/dancinghelenmoll00moll-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Musical-Courier-79/Helen-Moller_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musical-Courier-79/Helen-Moller-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sound-heritage.ac.uk/dance/theatrical-and-social-dance">"Theatrical and Social Dance | sound-heritage.soton.ac.uk"</a>. <i>sound-heritage.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sound-heritage.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Theatrical+and+Social+Dance+%7C+sound-heritage.soton.ac.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsound-heritage.ac.uk%2Fdance%2Ftheatrical-and-social-dance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YM_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathpal1984" class="citation book cs1">Mathpal, Yashodhar (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GG7-CpvlU30C&pg=PA220"><i>Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170171935" title="Special:BookSources/9788170171935"><bdi>9788170171935</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Painting+Of+Bhimbetka&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9788170171935&rft.aulast=Mathpal&rft.aufirst=Yashodhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGG7-CpvlU30C%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lecomte-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lecomte_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lecomte_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathalie Comte. "Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World". Ed. Jonathan Dewald. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. pp 94–108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guenther-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guenther_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guenther, Mathias Georg. 'The San Trance Dance: Ritual and Revitalization Among the Farm Bushmen of the Ghanzi District, Republic of Botswana.' Journal, South West Africa Scientific Society, v. 30, 1975–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raftis, Alkis, <i>The World of Greek Dance</i> Finedawn, Athens (1987) p25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKadman1952" class="citation journal cs1">Kadman, Gurit (1952). "Yemenite Dances and Their Influence on the New Israeli Folk Dances". <i>Journal of the International Folk Music Council</i>. <b>4</b>: 27–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F835838">10.2307/835838</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/835838">835838</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Folk+Music+Council&rft.atitle=Yemenite+Dances+and+Their+Influence+on+the+New+Israeli+Folk+Dances&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=27-30&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F835838&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F835838%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kadman&rft.aufirst=Gurit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170811060221/http://en.chnmuseum.cn/(S(qskmzwqsztmrds45bof052bh))/Default.aspx?TabId=549&AntiqueLanguageID=3002">"Basin with design of dancers"</a>. National Museum of China. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.chnmuseum.cn/Default.aspx?TabId=549&AntiqueLanguageID=3002">the original</a> on 2017-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basin+with+design+of+dancers&rft.pub=National+Museum+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.chnmuseum.cn%2FDefault.aspx%3FTabId%3D549%26AntiqueLanguageID%3D3002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span> Pottery from the <a href="/wiki/Majiayao_culture" title="Majiayao culture">Majiayao culture</a> (3100 BC to 2700 BC)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKʻo-fen1985" class="citation book cs1">Kʻo-fen, Wang (1985). <i>The history of Chinese dance</i>. Foreign Languages Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8351-1186-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8351-1186-7"><bdi>978-0-8351-1186-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/977028549">977028549</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Chinese+dance&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Foreign+Languages+Press&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F977028549&rft.isbn=978-0-8351-1186-7&rft.aulast=K%CA%BBo-fen&rft.aufirst=Wang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aesthetic_tradition-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aesthetic_tradition_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiSamei2010" class="citation book cs1">Li, Zehou; Samei, Maija Bell (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d1eZuB2xwYwC&pg=PA5"><i>The Chinese aesthetic tradition</i></a>. University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3307-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3307-7"><bdi>978-0-8248-3307-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/960030161">960030161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+aesthetic+tradition&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%CA%BBi+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F960030161&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-3307-7&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Zehou&rft.au=Samei%2C+Maija+Bell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd1eZuB2xwYwC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSturgeon" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sturgeon, Donald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=23281">"Lü Shi Chun Qiu"</a>. <i>Chinese Text Project Dictionary</i> (in Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705152247/https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-23</span></span>. <q>Original text: 昔葛天氏之樂，三人操牛尾，投足以歌八闋</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Text+Project+Dictionary&rft.atitle=L%C3%BC+Shi+Chun+Qiu&rft.aulast=Sturgeon&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fctext.org%2Fdictionary.pl%3Fif%3Den%26id%3D23281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer1951" class="citation journal cs1">Schafer, Edward H. (June 1951). "Ritual Exposure in Ancient China". <i>Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies</i>. <b>14</b> (1/2): 130–184. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2718298">10.2307/2718298</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0073-0548">0073-0548</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2718298">2718298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Journal+of+Asiatic+Studies&rft.atitle=Ritual+Exposure+in+Ancient+China&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=130-184&rft.date=1951-06&rft.issn=0073-0548&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2718298%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2718298&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Edward+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiaculture.gov.in/dance">"Dance | Ministry of Culture, Government of India"</a>. <i>www.indiaculture.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.indiaculture.gov.in&rft.atitle=Dance+%7C+Ministry+of+Culture%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiaculture.gov.in%2Fdance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dottedmusic.com/2014/lifestyle/relationship-between-dance-and-music/">"The Relationship Between Dance And Music || Dotted Music"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027171112/https://dottedmusic.com/2014/lifestyle/relationship-between-dance-and-music/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Relationship+Between+Dance+And+Music+%7C%7C+Dotted+Music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdottedmusic.com%2F2014%2Flifestyle%2Frelationship-between-dance-and-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shawn_50-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shawn_50_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shawn_50_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shawn, Ted, <i>Dance We Must</i>, 1946, Dennis Dobson Ltd., London, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing, <i>Ballroom Dancing</i>, Teach Yourself Books, Hodder and Stoughton, 1977, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirstein_4-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kirstein_4_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kirstein_4_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lincoln Kirstein, <i>Dance</i>, Dance Horizons Incorporated, New York, 1969, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shawn, Ted, <i>Dance We Must</i>, 1946, Dennis Dobson Ltd., London, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew 11:17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lincoln Kirstein, <i>Dance</i>, Dance Horizons Incorporated, New York, 1969, p. 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lincoln Kirstein, <i>Dance</i>, Dance Horizons Incorporated, New York, 1969, p. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScholes1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Percy_Scholes" title="Percy Scholes">Scholes, Percy A.</a> (1977). "Dance". <i>The Oxford Companion to Music</i> (10 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dance&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Music&rft.edition=10&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Scholes&rft.aufirst=Percy+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shawn, Ted, <i>Dance We Must</i>, 1946, Dennis Dobson Ltd., London, p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shawn, Ted, <i>Dance We Must</i>, 1946, Dennis Dobson Ltd., London, pp. 50–51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moller, Helen and Dunham, Curtis, <i>Dancing with Helen Moller</i>, 1918, John Lane (New York and London), p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carnegiehall/Helen-Moller-1918-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-carnegiehall/Helen-Moller-1918_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMollerJacobsOrchestral_Society_of_New_York1918" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Moller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Moller (page does not exist)">Moller, Helen</a>; <a href="/wiki/Max_Jacobs" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Jacobs">Jacobs, Max</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orchestral_Society_of_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orchestral Society of New York (page does not exist)">Orchestral Society of New York</a> (March 20, 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.carnegiehall.org/archive/Complete-program-of-Helen-Moller-and-Her-Pupils--March-20--1918-2RRM1TZL9KAZ.html"><i>Helen Moller and Her Pupils</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> Archives. <q>Complete program collections.carnegiehall.org/C.aspx?VP3=pdfviewer&rid=2RRM1TZL9KAZ collections.carnegiehall.org/a2c80a53-b8fa-4327-b8cf-bbde0cc95651</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Helen+Moller+and+Her+Pupils&rft.pub=Carnegie+Hall+Archives&rft.date=1918-03-20&rft.aulast=Moller&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+Max&rft.au=Orchestral+Society+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.carnegiehall.org%2Farchive%2FComplete-program-of-Helen-Moller-and-Her-Pupils--March-20--1918-2RRM1TZL9KAZ.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes/moller-appear-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes/moller-appear_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> *<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1918/12/27/archives/helen-moller-and-dancers-appear.html">"Helen Moller and Dancers Appear"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 27 December 1918<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Helen+Moller+and+Dancers+Appear.&rft.date=1918-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1918%2F12%2F27%2Farchives%2Fhelen-moller-and-dancers-appear.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/12/27/97056760.html">https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/12/27/97056760.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive/dancinghelenmoll00moll-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archive/dancinghelenmoll00moll_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMollerDunham1918" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Moller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Moller (page does not exist)">Moller, Helen</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Curtis_Dunham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curtis Dunham (page does not exist)">Dunham, Curtis</a> (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dancinghelenmoll00moll"><i>Dancing with Helen Moller; her own statement of her philosophy and practice and teaching formed upon the classic Greek model, and adapted to meet the aesthetic and hygienic needs of to-day, with forty-three full page art plates;</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Lane_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lane Company">John Lane Company</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">archive.org</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dancing+with+Helen+Moller%3B+her+own+statement+of+her+philosophy+and+practice+and+teaching+formed+upon+the+classic+Greek+model%2C+and+adapted+to+meet+the+aesthetic+and+hygienic+needs+of+to-day%2C+with+forty-three+full+page+art+plates%3B&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pub=John+Lane+Company&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Moller&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.au=Dunham%2C+Curtis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdancinghelenmoll00moll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Musical-Courier-79/Helen-Moller-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Musical-Courier-79/Helen-Moller_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E-k6AQAAMAAJ&q=%22Helen+Moller%22">"Helen Moller"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Musical_Courier" title="Musical Courier">Musical Courier</a></i>. No. V79. New York: Musical Courier Company. 1919<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Musical+Courier&rft.atitle=Helen+Moller&rft.issue=V79&rft.date=1919&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE-k6AQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Helen%2BMoller%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laban, Rudolf, <i>The Mastery of Movement</i>, MacDonald and Evans, London, 1960, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Minden, Eliza Gaynor, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S-RuSzcrBnAC"><i>The Ballet Companion: A Dancer's Guide</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408040139/https://books.google.com/books?id=S-RuSzcrBnAC">Archived</a> 2023-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Simon and Schuster, 2007, p. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thoinot Arbeau, <i>Orchesography</i>, trans. by Mary Stewart Evans, with notes by Julia Sutton, New York: Dover, 1967</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laban, Rudolf, <i>The Mastery of Movement</i>, MacDonald and Evans, London, 1960, pp. 2, 4 <i>et passim</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laban, Rudolf, <i>The Mastery of Movement</i>, MacDonald and Evans, London, 1960, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abigail Wagner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawrence.edu/mfhe/www_web_student/Everyone/A%20Different%20Type%20of%20Rhythm.pdf"><i>A Different Type of Rhythm</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161008030631/https://www.lawrence.edu/mfhe/www_web_student/Everyone/A%20Different%20Type%20of%20Rhythm.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-10-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Lawrence University, Wisconsin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kabuki_MIT_Global_Shakespeares-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kabuki_MIT_Global_Shakespeares_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalshakespeares.mit.edu/glossary/kabuki/">"Kabuki « MIT Global Shakespeares"</a>. 8 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905230357/http://globalshakespeares.mit.edu/glossary/kabuki/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kabuki+%C2%AB+MIT+Global+Shakespeares&rft.date=2011-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalshakespeares.mit.edu%2Fglossary%2Fkabuki%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ortolani-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ortolani_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrtolani1995" class="citation book cs1">Ortolani, Benito (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ge8cWl8OT3gC&q=mugen-no+Genzai-no+waki-no&pg=PA132"><i>The Japanese theatre: from shamanistic ritual to contemporary pluralism</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04333-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-04333-3"><bdi>978-0-691-04333-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+theatre%3A+from+shamanistic+ritual+to+contemporary+pluralism&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-691-04333-3&rft.aulast=Ortolani&rft.aufirst=Benito&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dge8cWl8OT3gC%26q%3Dmugen-no%2BGenzai-no%2Bwaki-no%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayansu, E.S. and Whitfield, P. (eds.), <i>The Rhythms Of Life</i>, Marshall Editions, 1982, p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WelshHanley2010-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WelshHanley2010_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WelshHanley2010_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKariamu_WelshElizabeth_A._HanleyJacques_D'Amboise2010" class="citation book cs1">Kariamu Welsh; Elizabeth A. Hanley; Jacques D'Amboise (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eXDWJiRr0PYC"><i>African Dance</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-477-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-477-3"><bdi>978-1-60413-477-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Dance&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-60413-477-3&rft.au=Kariamu+Welsh&rft.au=Elizabeth+A.+Hanley&rft.au=Jacques+D%27Amboise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeXDWJiRr0PYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanna1973-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hanna1973_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanna1973_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanna1973_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanna1973" class="citation journal cs1">Hanna, Judith Lynne (1973). "African Dance: the continuity of change". <i>Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council</i>. <b>5</b>: 165–174. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F767501">10.2307/767501</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/767501">767501</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yearbook+of+the+International+Folk+Music+Council&rft.atitle=African+Dance%3A+the+continuity+of+change&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=165-174&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F767501&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F767501%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hanna&rft.aufirst=Judith+Lynne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUtley,_Ian.2009" class="citation book cs1">Utley, Ian. (2009). <i>Culture smart! Ghana customs & culture</i>. Kuperard. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/978296042">978296042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+smart%21+Ghana+customs+%26+culture.&rft.pub=Kuperard&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F978296042&rft.au=Utley%2C+Ian.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/dance">Exoticindiaart.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060514235542/http://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/dance/">Archived</a> 2006-05-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Dance: The Living Spirit of Indian Arts, by Prof. P.C. Jain and Dr. Daljeet.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lankalibrary.com/rit/yakun%20natuma.htm">Lankalibrary.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070309222614/http://www.lankalibrary.com/rit/yakun%20natuma.htm">Archived</a> 2007-03-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, "The yakun natima — devil dance ritual of Sri Lanka"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Folk_Dances_Indonesia-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Folk_Dances_Indonesia_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101124083455/http://indonesia-tourism.com/general/theatre.html">"The Indonesian Folk Dances"</a>. <i>Indonesia Tourism</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/general/theatre.html">the original</a> on 24 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indonesia+Tourism&rft.atitle=The+Indonesian+Folk+Dances&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indonesia-tourism.com%2Fgeneral%2Ftheatre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Badley_2000._pp_391-395-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Badley_2000._pp_391-395_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Badley_2000._pp_391-395_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Badley, Bill and Zein al Jundi. "Europe Meets Asia". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp. 391–395. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Recep Albayrak Hacaloğlu. Azeri Türkçesi dil kilavuzu. Hacaloğlu, 1992; p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Subhi Anwar Rashid, Mesopotamien, Abb 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lee-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lee_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarol_Lee2002" class="citation book cs1">Carol Lee (2002). <i>Ballet in Western Culture: A History of Its Origins and Evolution</i>. Psychology Press. pp. 10–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94257-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94257-7"><bdi>978-0-415-94257-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ballet+in+Western+Culture%3A+A+History+of+Its+Origins+and+Evolution&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-94257-7&rft.au=Carol+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kourlas-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kourlas_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKourlas2016" class="citation news cs1">Kourlas, Gia (2016-09-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/arts/dance/hiplet-an-implausible-hybrid-plants-itself-on-pointe.html">"Hiplet: An Implausible Hybrid Plants Itself on Pointe"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/arts/dance/hiplet-an-implausible-hybrid-plants-itself-on-pointe.html">the original</a></span> on 2022-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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UNM Press. pp. 8–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-2941-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-2941-7"><bdi>978-0-8263-2941-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Rhythms%2C+African+Roots%3A+The+Deep+History+of+Latin+American+Popular+Dance&rft.pages=8-14&rft.pub=UNM+Press&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8263-2941-7&rft.au=John+Charles+Chasteen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyBvvvrydCNwC%26pg%3DPR8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MusmonHanley2010-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MusmonHanley2010_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaret_MusmonElizabeth_A._HanleyJacques_D'Amboise2010" class="citation book cs1">Margaret Musmon; Elizabeth A. 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Infobase Publishing. pp. 20–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-481-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-481-0"><bdi>978-1-60413-481-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+and+Caribbean+Dance&rft.pages=20-23&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60413-481-0&rft.au=Margaret+Musmon&rft.au=Elizabeth+A.+Hanley&rft.au=Jacques+D%27Amboise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqIZq7jgqXE8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DelgadoMuñoz1997-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DelgadoMuñoz1997_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DelgadoMuñoz1997_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCeleste_Fraser_DelgadoJosé_Esteban_Muñoz1997" class="citation book cs1">Celeste Fraser Delgado; José Esteban Muñoz (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gefjk07Y9kEC&pg=PA3"><i>Everynight Life: Culture and Dance in Latin/o America</i></a>. Duke University Press. pp. 9–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1919-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1919-1"><bdi>978-0-8223-1919-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everynight+Life%3A+Culture+and+Dance+in+Latin%2Fo+America&rft.pages=9-41&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-1919-1&rft.au=Celeste+Fraser+Delgado&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Esteban+Mu%C3%B1oz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgefjk07Y9kEC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artsedsearch.org/study/dance-movement-therapys-influence-on-adolescents-mathematics-social-emotional-and-dance-skills/">"Dance/Movement Therapy's Influence on Adolescents Mathematics, Social-Emotional and Dance Skills | ArtsEdSearch"</a>. <i>www.artsedsearch.org</i>. 16 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200402193121/https://www.artsedsearch.org/study/dance-movement-therapys-influence-on-adolescents-mathematics-social-emotional-and-dance-skills/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Witcomb, Gemma L.; Mitchell, Alex (2013-11-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/erv.2271">"Prevalence of Eating Disorders amongst Dancers: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis"</a>. <i>European Eating Disorders Review</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 92–101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Ferv.2271">10.1002/erv.2271</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1072-4133">1072-4133</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24277724">24277724</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Eating+Disorders+Review&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Eating+Disorders+amongst+Dancers%3A+A+Systemic+Review+and+Meta-Analysis&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=92-101&rft.date=2013-11-26&rft.issn=1072-4133&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24277724&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Ferv.2271&rft.aulast=Arcelus&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.au=Witcomb%2C+Gemma+L.&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%2Ferv.2271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1295618580"><i>TikTok cultures in the United States</i></a>. Trevor Boffone. Abingdon, Oxon. 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-60215-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-60215-9"><bdi>978-1-000-60215-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1295618580">1295618580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TikTok+cultures+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1295618580&rft.isbn=978-1-000-60215-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1295618580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarburton2022" class="citation journal cs1">Warburton, Edward C. (2022-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068">"TikTok challenge: dance education futures in the creator economy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Arts_Education_Policy_Review" title="Arts Education Policy Review">Arts Education Policy Review</a></i>. <b>125</b> (4): 430–440. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10632913.2022.2095068">10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1063-2913">1063-2913</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250233625">250233625</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221203045928/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10632913.2022.2095068">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arts+Education+Policy+Review&rft.atitle=TikTok+challenge%3A+dance+education+futures+in+the+creator+economy&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=430-440&rft.date=2022-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250233625%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1063-2913&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10632913.2022.2095068&rft.aulast=Warburton&rft.aufirst=Edward+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F10632913.2022.2095068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pompeiisites.org/en/archaeological-site/villa-of-the-mysteries/">"VILLA OF THE MYSTERIES"</a>. <i>Pompeii sites</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131085710/https://pompeiisites.org/en/archaeological-site/villa-of-the-mysteries/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pompeii+sites&rft.atitle=VILLA+OF+THE+MYSTERIES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpompeiisites.org%2Fen%2Farchaeological-site%2Fvilla-of-the-mysteries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Abra, Allison. "Going to the palais: a social and cultural history of dancing and dance halls in Britain, 1918–1960." <i>Contemporary British History</i> (Sep 2016) 30#3 pp. 432–433.</li> <li>Blogg, Martin. <i>Dance and the Christian Faith: A Form of Knowing</i>, The Lutterworth Press (2011), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7188-9249-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7188-9249-4">978-0-7188-9249-4</a></li> <li>Carter, A. (1998) <i>The Routledge Dance Studies Reader</i>. Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-16447-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-16447-8">0-415-16447-8</a>.</li> <li>Cohen, S, J. (1992) <i>Dance As a Theatre Art: Source Readings in Dance History from 1581 to the Present</i>. Princeton Book Co. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87127-173-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87127-173-7">0-87127-173-7</a>.</li> <li>Daly, A. (2002) <i>Critical Gestures: Writings on Dance and Culture</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_University_Press" title="Wesleyan University Press">Wesleyan University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8195-6566-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8195-6566-0">0-8195-6566-0</a>.</li> <li>Miller, James, L. (1986) <i>Measures of Wisdom: The Cosmic Dance in Classical and Christian Antiquity</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-2553-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-2553-6">0-8020-2553-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dance" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Dance">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dance" class="extiw" title="c:Dance">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dance" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Dance">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Dance" class="extiw" title="q:Dance">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Dance" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Dance">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dance" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Dance">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dance" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Dance">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Dance"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Dance">"Dance" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dance&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADance" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17289">Historic illustrations of dancing from 3300 BC to 1911 AD</a> from <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dance" title="Template:Dance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dance" title="Template talk:Dance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_dance_articles" title="Index of dance articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_dance" title="Outline of dance">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dances" title="List of dances">List of dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dancers" title="List of dancers">List of dancers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solo_dance" title="Solo dance">Solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partner_dance" title="Partner dance">Partner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Close_embrace" title="Close embrace">close embrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_position" title="Closed position">closed position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_position" title="Open position">open position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_dance" title="Slow dance">slow dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_dance" title="Circle dance">circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra_dance" title="Contra dance">contra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_dance" title="Line dance">line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_dance" title="Round dance">round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">square</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_dance" title="Social dance">Social</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dance" title="Ceremonial dance">Ceremonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_dance" title="Competitive dance">Competitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_dance" title="Concert dance">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecstatic_dance" title="Ecstatic dance">Ecstatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_dance" title="Erotic dance">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go_go_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Go go dance">Go go dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_(dance)" title="Grinding (dance)">Grinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoochie_coochie" title="Hoochie coochie">Hoochie coochie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap_dance" title="Lap dance">Lap dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Burlesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Burlesque">Neo-Burlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_dance" title="Pole dance">Pole dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">Striptease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_dance" title="Table dance">Table dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twerking" title="Twerking">Twerking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novelty_and_fad_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Novelty and fad dances">Novelty and fad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_dance" title="Sacred dance">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_dance" title="Street dance">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_dance" title="War dance">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_styles" title="List of dance styles">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acro_dance" title="Acro dance">Acro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballroom_dance" title="Ballroom dance">Ballroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_dance" title="Formation dance">formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belly_dance" title="Belly dance">Belly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_(funk_dance)" title="Boogaloo (funk dance)">Boogaloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakdancing" title="Breakdancing">Breaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_dance" title="Contemporary dance">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country%E2%80%93western_dance" title="Country–western dance">Country–western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop dance">Hip-hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_dance" title="Historical dance">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_dance" title="Jazz dance">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_dance" title="Latin dance">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_dance" title="Lyrical dance">Lyrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_dance" title="Modern dance">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_dance" title="Postmodern dance">Postmodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_(dance)" title="Swing (dance)">Swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_dance" title="Tap dance">Tap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-step_(dance_move)" title="Two-step (dance move)">Two-step</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_technique" title="Category:Dance technique">Technique</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballet_technique" title="Ballet technique">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choreography_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choreography (dance)">Choreography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connection_(dance)" title="Connection (dance)">Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_theory" title="Dance theory">Dance theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_technique" title="Graham technique">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_and_follow" title="Lead and follow">Lead and follow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_move" title="Dance move">Moves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_dance_moves" title="Glossary of dance moves">glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicality" title="Musicality">Musicality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointe_technique" title="Pointe technique">Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_dance" title="Pole dance">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_dance" title="Sequence dance">Sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotting_(dance_technique)" title="Spotting (dance technique)">Spotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnout_(ballet)" title="Turnout (ballet)">Turnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_(dance_and_gymnastics)" title="Turn (dance and gymnastics)">Turns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic,_regional,_and_folk_dances_by_origin" title="List of ethnic, regional, and folk dances by origin">Regional</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_national_dances" title="List of national dances">national<br />dances</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_dance" title="African dance">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_dances" title="List of Albanian dances">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_folk_dances" title="Arab folk dances">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dance" title="Armenian dance">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk_dance" title="Assyrian folk dance">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Australia" title="Dance in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_folk_dance" title="Austrian folk dance">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_dances" title="Azerbaijani dances">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_traditional_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian traditional dance">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian dances">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_dance" title="Burmese dance">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cambodia" title="Dance in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Cameroon" title="Dance in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Canada" title="Dance in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_China" title="Dance in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian dances">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_from_Cuba" title="Dance from Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_folk_dance" title="Danish folk dance">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_dances" title="European dances">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_chain_dance" title="Faroese chain dance">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_dance" title="Georgian dance">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_dances" title="Greek dances">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dance">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_India" title="Dance in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Indonesia" title="Dance in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Dances in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_folk_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli folk dancing">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_folk_dance" title="Italian folk dance">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_traditional_dance" title="Japanese traditional dance">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_dance" title="Korean dance">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_dance" title="Kurdish dance">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Malaysia" title="Dance in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk dance of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_dance" title="Middle Eastern dance">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Nepal" title="Dance in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_folk_dance" title="Dutch folk dance">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_dances" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian dances">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine dance">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_folk_dances" title="Polish folk dances">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontic_Greek_folk_dance" title="Pontic Greek folk dance">Pontic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_dance" title="Romani dance">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_folk_dance" title="Russian folk dance">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_dances" title="Serbian dances">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Singapore" title="Dance in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Dance in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Thailand" title="Dance in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish dance">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_dance" title="Ukrainian dance">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_dance" title="African-American dance">African-American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Uzbekistan" title="Dance in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Venezuela" title="Dance in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Vietnamese dance">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Dance of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Zimbabwe" title="Dance in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance" title="Category:Dance">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physically_integrated_dance" title="Physically integrated dance">Dance and disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_and_health" title="Dance and health">Dance and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_awards" title="List of dance awards">Dance awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_costume" title="Dance costume">Dance costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_etiquette" title="Dance etiquette">Dance etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_notation" title="Dance notation">Dance notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_mythology_and_religion" title="Dance in mythology and religion">Dance in mythology and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dance_occupations" title="List of dance occupations">Dance occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_on_television" title="Dance on television">Dance on television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_research" title="Dance research">Dance research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_science" title="Dance science">Dance science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_technology" title="Dance technology">Dance technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_troupe" title="Dance troupe">Dance troupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancing_mania" title="Dancing mania">Dancing mania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_dance" title="History of dance">History of dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_dance" title="Women in dance">Women in dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Humanities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Humanities" title="Template:Humanities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Humanities" title="Template talk:Humanities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Humanities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Humanities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Humanities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;height:2.5em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">Classical studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_arts#Literary_arts" title="The arts">Language arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing arts</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Interdisciplinary_fields" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdisciplinary fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_humanities" title="Digital humanities">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_humanities" title="Environmental humanities">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_humanities" title="Health humanities">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_humanities" title="Medical humanities">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_humanities" title="Public humanities">Public</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abductive_reasoning" title="Abductive reasoning">Abductive reasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipositivism" title="Antipositivism">Antipositivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">The arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty" title="Beauty">Beauty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belles-lettres" title="Belles-lettres">Belles-lettres</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bildung" title="Bildung">Bildung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism" title="Criticism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_literacy" title="Cultural literacy">Cultural literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_culture" title="High culture">High</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_knowledge" title="General knowledge">General knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutics" title="Hermeneutics">Hermeneutics</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Historicism" title="Historicism">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_condition" title="Human condition">Human condition</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanitas" title="Humanitas">Humanitas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_education" title="Liberal arts education">Liberal arts education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trivium" title="Trivium">Trivium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrivium" title="Quadrivium">Quadrivium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_character" title="Moral character">Moral character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-realization" title="Self-realization">Self-realization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-reflection" title="Self-reflection">Self-reflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_of_art" title="Work of art">Work of art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Archaeology" title="American Journal of Archaeology">American Journal of Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalus_(journal)" title="Daedalus (journal)">Daedalus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Humanities" title="History of Humanities">History of Humanities</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitas_(journal)" title="Humanitas (journal)">Humanitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_Communications" title="Humanities and Social Sciences Communications">Humanities and Social Sciences Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Controversial_Ideas" title="Journal of Controversial Ideas">Journal of Controversial Ideas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Asiatic_Society" title="Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society">Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(journal)" title="Leonardo (journal)">Leonardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Religio" title="Nova Religio">Nova Religio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue_des_%C3%89tudes_Arm%C3%A9niennes" title="Revue des Études Arméniennes">Revue des Études Arméniennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_Philosophy" title="Teaching Philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_humanities_journals" title="List of humanities journals">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Humanities_Research_Council" title="Arts and Humanities Research Council">Arts and Humanities Research Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_science" title="Human science">Human science</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Geisteswissenschaft" title="Geisteswissenschaft">Geisteswissenschaft</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities,_arts,_and_social_sciences" title="Humanities, arts, and social sciences">Humanities, arts, and social sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Humanities" title="Master of Humanities">Master of Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_University_for_the_Humanities" title="Moscow University for the Humanities">Moscow University for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Humanities_Medal" title="National Humanities Medal">National Humanities Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antihumanism" title="Antihumanism">Antihumanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philistinism" title="Philistinism">Philistinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_culture#Criticism" title="Popular culture">Criticism of mass culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_essentialism" title="Educational essentialism">Educational essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities_in_the_United_States" title="Humanities in the United States">Humanities in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_considered_a_founder_in_a_Humanities_field" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field">List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_humanities" title="Outline of the humanities">Outline of the humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">Renaissance humanism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latin_school#Studia_Humanitatis" title="Latin school">Studia Humanitatis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4059028-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85035659">United 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