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title="دیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B9%D3%99" title="Дийә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дийә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diya_(Islam)" title="Diya (Islam) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Diya (Islam)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyya" title="Diyya – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diyya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87" title="دیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyya" title="Diyya – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Diyya" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4" title="दियत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दियत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyat" title="Diyat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Diyat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diya_(diritto)" title="Diya (diritto) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diya (diritto)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C)" title="دیه (دابوی جنوبی) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دیه (دابوی جنوبی)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyat" title="Diyat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Diyat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A4" title="ディヤ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ディヤ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Дия (вира) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дия (вира)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diya" title="Diya – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Diya" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="குருதிப் பணம் (இசுலாம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குருதிப் பணம் (இசுலாம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #d1e9d2;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_jurisprudence" title="Category:Islamic jurisprudence">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #d1e9d2;;background: #d1e9d2; padding-top:0.2em; display:block; margin-bottom:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Islamic jurisprudence<br />(<i>fiqh</i>)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ALFiqh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/130px-ALFiqh.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/195px-ALFiqh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/260px-ALFiqh.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #d1e9d2;;background: #d1e9d2; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ibadah" title="Ibadah">Ritual</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rakat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakat">Raka'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">Qibla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turbah" title="Turbah">Turbah</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah_prayer" title="Sunnah prayer">Sunnah prayer</a></i> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Tarawih" title="Tarawih">Tarawih</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tahajjud" title="Tahajjud">Tahajjud</a></i>)</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witr" title="Witr">Witr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nafl_prayer" title="Nafl prayer">Nafl prayer</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">Sawm</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ihram" title="Ihram">Ihram</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ihram_clothing" title="Ihram clothing">clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut%27ah_of_Hajj" title="Mut'ah of Hajj"><i>Mut'ah</i></a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tawaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawaf">Tawaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Mut%27ah_of_Hajj" title="Mut'ah of Hajj">and <i>Hajj</i></a>)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #d1e9d2;;background: #d1e9d2; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_leadership" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic leadership">Islamic leadership</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Majlis-ash-Shura" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis-ash-Shura">Majlis-ash-Shura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Wilayat al-faqih</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">Bay'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Dhimmi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aman_(Islam)" title="Aman (Islam)">Aman</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #d1e9d2;;background: #d1e9d2; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_family_jurisprudence" title="Islamic family jurisprudence">Family</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Marriage</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marriage_contract" title="Islamic marriage contract">Contract</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr">Mahr</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Misyar_marriage" title="Misyar marriage">Misyar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_halala" title="Nikah halala">Halala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_%27urfi" title="Nikah 'urfi">Urfi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_mut%27ah" title="Nikah mut'ah">Mut‘ah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polygyny_in_Islam" title="Polygyny in Islam">Polygyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Islam" title="Divorce in Islam">Divorce</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Khula" class="mw-redirect" title="Khula">Khula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zihar" title="Zihar">Zihar</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iddah" title="Iddah">Iddah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafa%27ah" title="Kafa'ah">Kafa'ah</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_adoptional_jurisprudence" title="Islamic adoptional jurisprudence">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_in_Islam" title="Breastfeeding in Islam">Breastfeeding</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Islam" title="Sexuality in Islam">Sexual</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Intimate_parts_in_Islam" title="Intimate parts in Islam">Awrah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in Islam">Abortion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Islam#Purification_and_hygiene" title="Sexuality in Islam">Hygiene</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_Islamic_law" title="Rape in Islamic law">Rape</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_masturbation" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam and masturbation">Masturbation</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #d1e9d2;;background: #d1e9d2; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_jurisprudence" title="Islamic criminal jurisprudence">Criminal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_blasphemy" title="Islam and blasphemy">Blasphemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisir" title="Maisir"><i>Maisir</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(gambling)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina"><i>Zina</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(illicit sex)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirabah" title="Hirabah"><i>Hirabah</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(unlawful warfare and banditry)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasad" title="Fasad"><i>Fasad</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("mischief")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofsed-e-filarz" title="Mofsed-e-filarz">Mofsed-e-filarz</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("spreading corruption")</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitna_(word)" title="Fitna (word)">Fitna</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("sedition")</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajm"><i>Rajm</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(stoning)</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tazir" title="Tazir"><i>Tazir</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(discretionary)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas" title="Qisas"><i>Qisas</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(retaliation)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diya_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diya (Islam)"><i>Diya</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(compensation)</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #d1e9d2;;background: #d1e9d2; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Etiquette</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Adab</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation" title="Islam and gender segregation">Gender segregation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Purdah" title="Purdah">Purdah</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahram" title="Mahram">Mahram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_honorifics" title="Islamic honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #d1e9d2;;background: #d1e9d2; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economic</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" title="History of Islamic economics">History</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nisab" title="Nisab">Nisab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">Waqf</a></i>)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-mal" title="Bayt al-mal">Bayt al-mal</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Banking</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murabaha" title="Murabaha">Murabaha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_inheritance_jurisprudence" title="Islamic inheritance jurisprudence">Inheritance</a></th></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #d1e9d2;;background: #d1e9d2; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purity_in_Islam#Hygienical_Jurisprudence" title="Ritual purity in Islam">Hygiene</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual hygienical jurisprudence">Sexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purity_in_Islam" title="Ritual purity in Islam">Taharah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ihram" title="Ihram">Ihram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masah" title="Masah">Masah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">Ghusl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tayammum" title="Tayammum">Tayammum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Istinja" title="Istinja">Istinja</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Dietary</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhabihah" title="Dhabihah">Dhabihah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Intoxicants" title="Islamic dietary laws">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Pork" title="Islamic dietary laws">Pork</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Islamic_and_Jewish_dietary_laws" title="Comparison of Islamic and Jewish dietary laws">Comparison with <i>kashrut</i></a></span></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #d1e9d2;;background: #d1e9d2; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghanimah" title="Ghanimah">Ghanimah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudna" title="Hudna">Hudna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istijarah" title="Istijarah"><i>Istijarah</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(asylum)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_prisoners_of_war" title="Islamic views on prisoners of war">Prisoners of war</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #dcf5dc;border-bottom:1px solid #dcf5dc;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic studies</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fiqh" title="Template:Fiqh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fiqh" title="Template talk:Fiqh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fiqh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fiqh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Diya</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دية</span>; <abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr>: <i>diyāt</i>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ديات</span>) in <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic law</a>, is the financial compensation paid to the victim or heirs of a victim in the cases of murder, bodily harm or property damage by mistake. It is an alternative punishment to <i><a href="/wiki/Qisas" title="Qisas">qisas</a></i> (equal retaliation). In Arabic, the word means both <a href="/wiki/Blood_money_(restitution)" title="Blood money (restitution)">blood money</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ransom" title="Ransom">ransom</a>, and it is spelled sometimes as <i>diyah</i> or <i>diyeh</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It only applies when murder is committed by mistake and secondly victim's family has the free consent to compromise with the guilty party; otherwise <i><a href="/wiki/Qisas" title="Qisas">qisas</a></i> applies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2022)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (February 2022)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i>Diya</i> compensation rates have historically varied based on the gender and religion of the victim.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ame1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ame1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usstdept_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usstdept-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the modern era, diya plays a role in the legal system of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sta_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sta-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Iran, the diya for recognized religious minorities (<a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jews</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christians</a>, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical Protestants</a>) is half that of a Muslim man. The diya for Muslim women in insurance claims, such as the loss of life in automobile accidents, is equal to that of a Muslim man, but is half of a Muslim man's in all other cases.<sup id="cite_ref-state_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Pakistan, the diya is the same for Muslims and non-Muslims,<sup id="cite_ref-PakistaniHanafi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PakistaniHanafi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tavana35_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tavana35-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tellenbach261_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tellenbach261-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while in Saudi Arabia it differs depending on the religion of the victim.<sup id="cite_ref-usstdept_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usstdept-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basis_in_Scripture">Basis in Scripture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Basis in Scripture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a></i> specifies the principle of <i><a href="/wiki/Qisas" title="Qisas">Qisas</a></i> (i.e. retaliation) and compensation (<i>diyah</i>) in cases where one Muslim kills another Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is not for a believer [Muslim] to kill a believer unless (it be) by mistake. He who hath killed a believer by mistake must set free a believing slave, and pay the diya to the family of the slain unless they remit it as a charity. If he (the victim) be of a people hostile unto you, and he is a believer, then (the penance is) to set free a believing slave. And if he cometh of a folk between whom and you there is a covenant, then the diya must be paid unto his folk and (also) a believing slave must be set free. And whoso hath not the wherewithal must fast two consecutive months. A penance from <i>Allah</i>. <i>Allah</i> is Knower, Wise.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D4%3Averse%3D92">4:92</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></i> also mention it. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Narrated Abu Juhaifa: I asked 'Ali "Do you have anything Divine literature besides what is in the <i>Qur'an</i>?" Or, as Uyaina once said, "Apart from what the people have?" 'Ali said, "By Him Who made the grain split (germinate) and created the soul, we have nothing except what is in the Quran and the ability (gift) of understanding <i>Allah's</i> Book which He may endow a man, with and what is written in this sheet of paper." I asked, "What is on this paper?" He replied, "The legal regulations of blood-money [diya] and the (ransom for) releasing of the captives, and the judgment that no Muslim should be killed in Qisas (equality in punishment) for killing a Kafir (disbeliever)."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/083-sbt.php#009.083.050">9:83:50</a></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Narrated Hisham's father: 'Umar asked the people, "Who heard the Prophet giving his verdict regarding abortions?" Al-Mughira said, "I heard him judging that a male or female slave should be given as a blood-money [diya]. 'Umar said, "Present a witness to testify your statement." Muhammad bin Maslama said, "I testify that the Prophet gave such a judgment."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/083-sbt.php#009.083.042">9:83:42</a>, see also <i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/083-sbt.php#009.083.036">9:83:36</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/083-sbt.php#009.083.041">9:83:41</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/083-sbt.php#009.083.045">9:83:45</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Umar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar II">Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz</a>, an early caliph admired for his piety and scholarship, ruled on Diya: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard that Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz gave a decision that when a Jew or Christian was killed, his blood-money was half the blood-money [diya] of a free Muslim.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malik" class="mw-redirect" title="Muwatta Imam Malik">Al-Muwatta</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/muwatta/043-mmt.php#043.43.15.8b">43 15.8b</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_traditional_Islamic_law">In traditional Islamic law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In traditional Islamic law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islamic law treats homicide and unintentional homicide (not just bodily injury and property damage), as a civil dispute between believers,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rather than corrective punishment by the state to maintain order.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2014_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_2014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The offender must either face equal retaliation known as <i>Qisas</i> ("Life for life, eye for eye, nose for nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth, and wounds equal for equal." <a href="/wiki/Quran_5:45" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran 5:45">Quran 5:45</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pay <i>diyat</i> to the victim or heirs of the victim, or be forgiven by the victim or victim's heir(s).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rpmulti_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpmulti-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In all cases of death, injury, and damage, under traditional sharia doctrine, the prosecutor is not the state, but only the victim or the victim's heir (or owner, in the case when the victim is a slave).<sup id="cite_ref-rpmulti_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpmulti-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Diyah</i> is similar in practice to "out-of-court <a href="/wiki/Settlement_(litigation)" title="Settlement (litigation)">settlement</a>" in a <a href="/wiki/Tort" title="Tort">tort</a> case,<sup id="cite_ref-slate2009_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate2009-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but with important differences. Under sharia practice, tort-like civil liability settlement is limited to property damage, while in the cases of bodily injury and death, the "blood money" diyah compensation is fixed by a formula (such as the value of certain number of camels).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rpet51_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpet51-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The victim, victim's heir or guardian may alternatively forgive the bodily injury or murder as an act of religious charity (expiation of their own past sins). </p><p>The value of <i>diyat</i>, under all schools of sharia, varied with the victim's religion and legal status (free or slave).<sup id="cite_ref-rpet51_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpet51-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a free Muslim, the diyah value of their life was traditionally set as the value of 100 camels. This was valued at 1000 dinars or 12000 dirhams, corresponding to 4.25 kilograms of gold, or 29.7 to 35.64 kilograms of silver.<sup id="cite_ref-rpet51_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpet51-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>diyah</i> value in case the victim was a non-Muslim (Dhimmi) or slave varied in the <i>sharia</i> of different schools of Islamic law.<sup id="cite_ref-rpet51_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpet51-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>diyah</i> must be paid by the murderer or the estate of the murderer. In some cases, such as when the murderer is a juvenile, the <i>diyah</i> is owed by the family of the murderer (<i>Aqila</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other cases, the group ('Aqila) that must pay <i>diyah</i> to the victim or victim's heirs is the tribe or urban neighbors of the culprit.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diyah_for_Non-Muslims">Diyah for Non-Muslims</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diyah for Non-Muslims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Diyah</i> is not the same for non-Muslims and Muslims in <i>sharia</i> courts.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In cases of unintentional crimes, Muslims and non-Muslims are treated differently in the sentencing process..<sup id="cite_ref-ame1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ame1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usstdept_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usstdept-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early history of Islam, there were considerable disagreements in Muslim jurist opinions on applicability of <i>qisas</i> and <i>diyah</i> when a Muslim murdered a non-Muslim (<a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">dhimmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musta%27min" title="Musta'min">musta'min</a> or a slave).<sup id="cite_ref-yf1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yf1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most scholars of <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> school of sharia ruled that, if a Muslim killed a <i>dhimmi</i>, <i>qisas</i> was applicable against the Muslim, but this could be averted by paying a <i>diyah</i>. In one case, the <i><a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a></i> jurist <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf" title="Abu Yusuf">Abu Yusuf</a> initially ordered <i>qisas</i> when a Muslim killed a <i>dhimmi</i>, but under Caliph <a href="/wiki/Harun_al-Rashid" title="Harun al-Rashid">Harun al-Rashid</a>'s pressure replaced the order with <i>diyah</i> if the victim's family members were unable to prove the victim was paying <i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">jizya</a></i> willingly as a <i>dhimmi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali code of sharia have historically ruled that Qisas does not apply against a Muslim, if he murders any non-Muslim (including <i>dhimmi</i>) or a slave for any reason.<sup id="cite_ref-rppb2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rppb2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <i>diyah</i> was payable instead. The early Hanafi jurists considered the payable <i>diyah</i> for Muslim and non-Muslim victims to be same, while the <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanbali" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanbali">Hanbali</a> schools considered a non-Muslim value of life as worth half of a Muslim, and the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a> school considered it worth a third.<sup id="cite_ref-rppb1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rppb1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Ja%27fari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ja'fari">Ja'fari</a></i> school considered a non-Muslim victim's value to be only 800 dirhams in contrast to 10000 dirhams for a Muslim victim.<sup id="cite_ref-rpet51_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rpet51-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The compensation value payable to the owner of a slave by a Muslim murderer, was the market price paid for the slave.<sup id="cite_ref-rppb2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rppb2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Hanafi and Maliki sharia doctrines, a <i>diyah</i> was not payable to a non-Muslim from a murderer's estate, if the murderer dies for natural or other causes during the trial.<sup id="cite_ref-rppb2_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rppb2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the victim was <i>musta'min</i> (non-Muslim foreigner visiting), or an <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">apostate</a> (converting from Islam to another religion), neither diya nor <i>qisas</i> applied against the Muslim who killed the victim.<sup id="cite_ref-yf1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yf1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rppb1_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rppb1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Abdul Aziz bin Mabrouk Al-Ahmadi narrates that the Hanafi scholars say that Musta'min is entitled to Diyya equal to Diyya of a Muslim, and he quotes this opinion from a group of other Muslim scholars, including some of the <a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of the Prophet</a>, and he also narrates that this is one of the opinions of the Hanbalis if the killing occurred intentionally.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application_in_contemporary_Muslim_countries">Application in contemporary Muslim countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Application in contemporary Muslim countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the modern era, diya plays a role in the legal system of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sta_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sta-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, the heirs of a Muslim victim have a right to settle for Diya instead of the execution of the murderer.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The amount of diya is calculated differently by different states where it makes part of the legal code. In Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, the amount is determined by the judge. In the United Arab Emirates, the government negotiates the amount with the family or heirs of the victim on behalf of the offender. In Iran, the family or heirs of the victim negotiate it directly with the offender.<sup id="cite_ref-sta_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sta-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Pakistan, the diya for Muslim citizens, non-Muslim citizens and foreigners is the same.<sup id="cite_ref-PakistaniHanafi_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PakistaniHanafi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iran made the diya for Muslims and non-Muslims equal in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Tavana35_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tavana35-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tellenbach261_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tellenbach261-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, the diyah compensation rights of Muslims and non-Muslims have varied among Muslim nations and were unequal in some countries in the late 20th century, remaining unequal in the 2010s in Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usstdept_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usstdept-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The customary law of the <a href="/wiki/Somali_people" title="Somali people">Somali people</a> also recognizes the obligation of <i>diyah</i>, but defines it as being between subgroups, or <i>mag</i>, who may be part of different clans or even the same clan.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of these countries also define, by lawful legislation, a hierarchy of compensation rates for the lives of people; religious affiliation and gender are usually the main modulating factors for these Blood Money rates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, when a person kills another, intentionally or unintentionally, the prescribed blood money must be decided by sharia court. </p><p>The amount of compensation is based on the <a href="/wiki/Comparative_negligence" title="Comparative negligence">percentage of responsibility</a>. Blood money is to be paid not only for murder, but also in the case of unnatural death, interpreted to mean death in a fire, industrial or road accident, for instance, as long as the responsibility for it falls on the accused. The <i>diyah</i> compensation amount depends on the religion of the victim.<sup id="cite_ref-cgijedda_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgijedda-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and United States' Religious Freedom Report note that in sharia courts of Saudi Arabia, "The calculation of accidental death or injury compensation is discriminatory. In the event a court renders a judgment in favor of a plaintiff who is a Jewish or Christian male, the plaintiff is only entitled to receive 50 percent of the compensation a Muslim male would receive; all other non-Muslims (Buddhists, Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, Animists, Atheists) are only entitled to receive one-sixteenth of the amount a male Muslim would receive".<sup id="cite_ref-usstdept_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usstdept-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hrw_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Saudi judges have the last say in any settlement, as of 2011, diya price for a Muslim man, in Saudi Arabia, was SR300,000 ($80,000) for an accidental death and SR400,000 ($106,666) in premeditated murder.<sup id="cite_ref-s247_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s247-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The price was raised that year due to a rise in the price of camels.)<sup id="cite_ref-s247_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s247-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diyah in Saudi has been controversial, as in a 2013 case, where a father molested and murdered his five-year-old daughter, but avoided jail by paying money to her mother.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_2014_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_2014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the four <i><a href="/wiki/Haraam" class="mw-redirect" title="Haraam">haraam</a></i> months; namely <a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qi%27dah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhu al-Qi'dah">Dhu al-Qi'dah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Dhu al-Hijjah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rajab" title="Rajab">Rajab</a>; when wars and killings were traditionally discouraged in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> and later in the larger Islamic world, the blood money rates is increased by a third.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iran's 1991 Islamic Penal Code originally only specified the diya for a Muslim man. In the absence of a specification of diya for non-Muslims, Iranian judges referred to traditional Shi'ite fiqh. In 2003, Article 297 of the 1991 Code was amended according to a fatwa by <a href="/wiki/Ayatollah_Khamenei" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayatollah Khamenei">Ayatollah Khamenei</a>. This resulted in recognition of equal diya for Muslims and non-Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-Tavana35_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tavana35-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tellenbach261_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tellenbach261-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USSD_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSD-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to the 2006 <a href="/wiki/US_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US State Department">US State Department</a> Religious Freedom Report on Iran, women and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼís</a> were excluded from the equalization provisions of 2003 and that Baháʼí blood was considered "Mobah, meaning it can be spilled with impunity".<sup id="cite_ref-USSD_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSD-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2013 Islamic Penal Code (which replaced the 1991 code), recognizes the equality between Muslims and non-Muslims in article 554.<sup id="cite_ref-Tavana35_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tavana35-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2013 penal code also makes diya for men and women equal in cases of homicide.<sup id="cite_ref-Tavana35_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tavana35-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to Mohammad H. Tavana, it is unclear if the diya between men and women is equal in cases of bodily harm; that has been left to the Iranian courts to decide.<sup id="cite_ref-Tavana35_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tavana35-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq">Iraq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Iraq, the <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> tribes carry on the practice of demanding blood money, though this does not necessarily obviate the proceedings of the secular judicial system.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, which is predominantly a Sunni Muslim nation, introduced Qisas and Diyat Ordinance in 1990, amending sections 229 to 338 of Pakistan Penal code.<sup id="cite_ref-dawn_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new Ordinance replaced British era criminal laws on bodily hurt and murder with sharia-compliant provisions, as demanded by the Shariat Appellate Bench of Pakistan's Supreme Court. The Criminal Procedure Code was also amended to give legal heirs of a murdered person to enter into compromise and accept <i>diyah</i> compensation, instead of demanding <i>qisas</i>-based retaliatory penalties for murder or bodily hurt.<sup id="cite_ref-dawn_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The democratically elected government of Nawaz Sharif, in 1997, replaced the Ordinance by enacting the <i>qisas</i> and <i>diyah</i> <i>sharia</i> provisions as the law, through an Act of its Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-sp1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sp1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sharia-compliant <i>Qisas</i> and <i>Diyat</i> law made murder a private offense, not a crime against society or state, and thus the pursuit, prosecution, and punishment for murder has become the responsibility of the victim's heirs and guardians.<sup id="cite_ref-sp1_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sp1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pakistan Penal Code modernized the Hanafi doctrine of <i>qisas</i> and <i>diya</i> by eliminating distinctions between Muslims and non-Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-PakistaniHanafi_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PakistaniHanafi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Controversies arising from the Diyat law of Pakistan involve cases of honor killings of girls, where the killers were employed by the same family members of the victim who under the Diyyah law have the power to forgive the killer. The loophole was corrected in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-sp1_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sp1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another issue is the intentional murder or bodily harm of poor people by wealthy individuals, where the only punishment the perpetrators suffer is paying monetary compensation that constitutes a small fraction of their income or wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Somalia,_Djibouti_&_Somaliland"><span id="Somalia.2C_Djibouti_.26_Somaliland"></span>Somalia, Djibouti & Somaliland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Somalia, Djibouti & Somaliland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Somalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Somalis">Somalis</a> whether in <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> are all predominantly Sunni Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohamed_Diriye_Abdullahi_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohamed_Diriye_Abdullahi-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different groups within Somali society undertake <a href="/wiki/Oral_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral agreement">oral agreements</a> with each other to define <i><a href="/wiki/Xeer" title="Xeer">xeer</a></i> law. Despite this informal nature, there is a series of <a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">generally accepted principles</a>, agreements, and ideas that constitute <i>xeer</i>, referred to collectively as "<i>xissi adkaaday</i>". </p><p>Diya is one of these principles and is referred to in <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a> as <i>mag</i>. It is generally paid by the collective group (clan, sub-clan, lineage, or <i>mag</i> group) from which an offender originates as <a href="/wiki/Financial_compensation" title="Financial compensation">compensation</a> for the crimes of <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battery_(crime)" title="Battery (crime)">bodily assault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">theft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Defamation_of_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Defamation of character">defamation of character</a>, given to the victim or victim's family.<sup id="cite_ref-SJS_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SJS-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>Mag</i> payment most often takes the form of livestock usually <a href="/wiki/Dromedary" title="Dromedary">camels</a> which are found in the highest concentration in Somali inhabited territories and prized as a measure of wealth. As such victims will readily accept the animal as a form of compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-rosati_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosati-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_concepts">Related concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Related concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daaif notes that a concept similar to <i>diyah</i> was present in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Pre-Islamic Arabia">pre-Islamic Arabia</a>, where it was paid in terms of goods or animals rather than cash.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least one western scholar of Islam (<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Joseph Schacht</a>) translates <i>diya</i> as <a href="/wiki/Weregild" title="Weregild">weregeld</a><sup id="cite_ref-Schacht-OoMJ-1959_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schacht-OoMJ-1959-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Weregeld is also known as "man price", and was a value placed on every being and piece of property to be paid—in the case of loss—as restitution to the victim's family or to the owner of the property. It was used, for example in the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish</a> <a href="/wiki/Salic_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Salic Law">Salic Code</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_money_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood money (term)">Blood money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89raic" title="Éraic">Éraic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galanas" title="Galanas">Galanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82%C3%B3wszczyzna" title="Główszczyzna">Główszczyzna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas" title="Qisas">Qisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weregild" title="Weregild">Weregild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aaron Spevack (2014), <i>The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism</i>, SUNY Press, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1438453712" title="Special:BookSources/978-1438453712">978-1438453712</a>, p. 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ame1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ame1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ame1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anver M. Emon (2012), <i>Religious Pluralism and Islamic Law: Dhimmis and Others in the Empire of Law</i>, Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199661633" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199661633">978-0199661633</a>, pp. 234-235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usstdept-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usstdept_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usstdept_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usstdept_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usstdept_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usstdept_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">State Department of the U.S. Government (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208622.pdf">SAUDI ARABIA 2012 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170328183313/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208622.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-03-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sta-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sta_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sta_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sta_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ul3DwAAQBAJ"><i>Court Uncourt. Volume IV, Issue IV</i></a>. STA Law Firm Dubai. 2018. p. 13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231126153317/https://books.google.com/books?id=6ul3DwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Court+Uncourt.+Volume+IV%2C+Issue+IV&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=STA+Law+Firm+Dubai&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ul3DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-state-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-state_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/iran">"2023 Report on International Religious Freedom: Iran"</a>. U.S. Department of State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2024</span>. <q>This law also sets the amount of diya for recognized religious minorities and women at half that of a Muslim man. Women are entitled to equal diya as men for insurance claims where loss of life occurred in automobile accidents, but not for other categories of death, such as murder. In cases of bodily harm, according to the law, certain male organs (for example, the testicles) are worth more than the entire body of a woman.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+Report+on+International+Religious+Freedom%3A+Iran&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Freports%2F2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom%2Firan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PakistaniHanafi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PakistaniHanafi_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PakistaniHanafi_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PakistaniHanafi_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTahir_Wasti2009" class="citation book cs1">Tahir Wasti (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=88-XutlkJAQC&pg=PA49"><i>The Application of Islamic Criminal Law in Pakistan</i></a>. Brill. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004172258" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004172258"><bdi>978-9004172258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Application+of+Islamic+Criminal+Law+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9004172258&rft.au=Tahir+Wasti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D88-XutlkJAQC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tavana35-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tavana35_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tavana35_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tavana35_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tavana35_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tavana35_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tavana35_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tavana, Mohammad H (2014). <i>Three Decades of Islamic Criminal Law Legislation in Iran: A Legislative History Analysis with Emphasis on the Amendments of the 2013 Islamic Penal Code</i>. Electronic Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law (EJIMEL), 2(9):24-38. pg. 35-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tellenbach261-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tellenbach261_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tellenbach261_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tellenbach261_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tellenbach, Sylvia (2014). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pg. 261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard J. Terrill (2012), <i>World Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Survey</i>, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1455725892" title="Special:BookSources/978-1455725892">978-1455725892</a>, pp. 559</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tahir Wasti (2009), <i>The Application of Islamic Criminal Law in Pakistan: Sharia in Practice</i>, Brill Academic, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004172258" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004172258">978-9004172258</a>, pp. 283-288</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian_2014-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_2014_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_2014_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalik2013" class="citation news cs1">Malik, Nesrine (5 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/apr/05/sharia-law-diyya-saudi">"Paralysis or blood money? Skewed justice in Saudi Arabia"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218123310/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/apr/05/sharia-law-diyya-saudi">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Paralysis+or+blood+money%3F+Skewed+justice+in+Saudi+Arabia&rft.date=2013-04-05&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Nesrine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2013%2Fapr%2F05%2Fsharia-law-diyya-saudi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D5%3Averse%3D45">5:45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D4%3Averse%3D92">4:92</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D5%3Averse%3D45">5:45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rpmulti-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rpmulti_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rpmulti_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolph Peters (2006), Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law, Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521796705" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521796705">978-0521796705</a>, pp. 44-49, 114, 186-187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slate2009-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-slate2009_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalone2009" class="citation news cs1">Malone, Noreen (20 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/03/how_does_blood_money_work.html">"How Does Blood Money Work?"</a>. Slate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215045528/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/03/how_does_blood_money_work.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Does+Blood+Money+Work%3F&rft.date=2009-03-20&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=Noreen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Fexplainer%2F2009%2F03%2Fhow_does_blood_money_work.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eugene Cotran and Chibli Mallat (1995), <i>Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law</i> - 1994, Volume 1, Kluwer Law Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9041108831" title="Special:BookSources/9041108831">9041108831</a>, pp. 275</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rpet51-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rpet51_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rpet51_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rpet51_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rpet51_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rpet51_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolph Peters (2006), Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law, Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521796705" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521796705">978-0521796705</a>, pp. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eugene Cotran and Chibli Mallat (1995), Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law - 1994, Volume 1, Kluwer Law Publishers, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9041108831" title="Special:BookSources/9041108831">9041108831</a>, pp. 275</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chibli Mallat (2007), <i>Introduction to Middle Eastern Law</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199230495" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199230495">978-0199230495</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arsani William, An Unjust Doctrine of Civil Arbitration: Sharia Courts in Canada and England, <i>Stanford Journal of International Relations</i>, Spring 2010, 11(2), pp. 40-47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M Kar (2005), Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures: Family, Law and Politics (Ed: Suad Joseph, Afsāna Naǧmābādī), Brill, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004128187" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004128187">978-9004128187</a>, pp. 406-407</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yf1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yf1_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yf1_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yohanan Friedmann (2006), <i>Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition</i>, Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521026994" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521026994">978-0521026994</a>, pp. 42-50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yohanan Friedmann (2006), Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition, Cambridge University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521026994" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521026994">978-0521026994</a>, pp. 42-43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rppb2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rppb2_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rppb2_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rppb2_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolph Peters and Peri Bearman (2014), <i>The Ashgate Research Companion to Islamic Law</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1409438939" title="Special:BookSources/978-1409438939">978-1409438939</a>, pp. 169-170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Norman D. Anderson (2007), Islamic Law in Africa, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415611862" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415611862">978-0415611862</a>, pp. 372-373</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rppb1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rppb1_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rppb1_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudolph Peters and Peri Bearman (2014), <i>The Ashgate Research Companion to Islamic Law</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1409438939" title="Special:BookSources/978-1409438939">978-1409438939</a>, pp. 129-130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shamela.ws/book/11421/394#p1">"اختلاف الدارين وآثاره في أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030193049/https://shamela.ws/book/11421/394#p1">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshamela.ws%2Fbook%2F11421%2F394%23p1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Iran.htm">A Guide to the Legal System of the Islamic Republic of Iran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120107082546/http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Iran.htm">Archived</a> 2012-01-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, March 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927011937/http://www.wluml.org/english/newsfulltxt.shtml?cmd%5B157%5D=x-157-43009">"WLUML: News and Views"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WLUML%3A+News+and+Views&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wluml.org%2Fenglish%2Fnewsfulltxt.shtml%3Fcmd%255B157%255D%3Dx-157-43009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/ar98/mde23.htm">AI REPORT 1998: SAUDI ARABIA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090810225831/http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/ar98/mde23.htm">Archived</a> 2009-08-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Amnesty International</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J Anderson (1951), Homicide in Islamic Law, <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i>, Cambridge University Press, Volume 13, pp. 811-828</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahmed Ali (1980), Compensation in Intentional Homicide in Islamic law, <i>Journal of Islamic and Comparative Law</i>, Volume 9, pp. 39-54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a more detailed explanation of its role in Somali customary law, see I.M. Lewis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1157617">"Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland", <i>Africa</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190716152903/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1157617">Archived</a> 2019-07-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 29 (1959), pp. 274-293</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cgijedda-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cgijedda_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724130457/http://www.cgijeddah.com/cgijed/Welfare/deathbooklet.htm">I. DISPOSAL OF MORTAL REMAINS (LOCAL BURIAL/DESPATCH TO INDIA)</a>" Consulate General of India, Jeddah, Retrieved on September 3, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hrw_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Human Rights Watch (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/saudi0704/4.htm#_ftn54">Migrant Communities in Saudi Arabia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010065345/https://www.hrw.org/reports/2004/saudi0704/4.htm#_ftn54">Archived</a> 2017-10-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2011/nea/192905.htm">Saudi Arabia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201227213724/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2011/nea/192905.htm">Archived</a> 2020-12-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR, US State Department, <i>2011 Report on International Religious Freedom</i> (2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s247-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s247_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s247_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emirates247.com/news/region/saudi-arabia-triples-blood-money-to-sr300-000-2011-09-11-1.417796">"Saudi Arabia triples blood money to SR300,000"</a>. Emirates 24/7 News. September 11, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215072050/http://www.emirates247.com/news/region/saudi-arabia-triples-blood-money-to-sr300-000-2011-09-11-1.417796">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-02-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+triples+blood+money+to+SR300%2C000&rft.date=2011-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emirates247.com%2Fnews%2Fregion%2Fsaudi-arabia-triples-blood-money-to-sr300-000-2011-09-11-1.417796&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Islamic Penal Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Book 4 - Article 299</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USSD-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USSD_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USSD_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._State_Department2008" class="citation web cs1">U.S. State Department (2008-10-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71421.htm">"International Religious Freedom Report 2006, U.S. State Department"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525202703/https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71421.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2006%2C+U.S.+State+Department&rft.date=2008-10-17&rft.au=U.S.+State+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2006%2F71421.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6602545">"Blood Money and Iraqi Tribal Justice"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200715104549/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6602545">Archived</a> 2020-07-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Jamie Tarabay. Weekend Edition Saturday, 9 December 2006. <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dawn-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dawn_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dawn_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1043236">Pros and cons of Qisas and Diyat law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200520024110/https://www.dawn.com/news/1043236">Archived</a> 2020-05-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Dawn, Pakistan (September 16, 2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sp1-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sp1_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sp1_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sp1_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephanie Palo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ucdl15&div=8&id=&page=">A Charade of Change: Qisas and Diyat Ordinance Allows Honor Killings to Go Unpunished in Pakistan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200715150254/https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals%2Fucdl15&div=8&id=&page=">Archived</a> 2020-07-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 15 U. C. Davis Journal Int'l Law & Policy, Vol. 15 (2008-2009), pp. 93-118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/08/23/pakistan-should-not-again-fail-honor-killing-victim">"Honour killings': Pakistan closes loophole allowing killers to go free"</a>. 22 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200201170322/https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/08/23/pakistan-should-not-again-fail-honor-killing-victim">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honour+killings%27%3A+Pakistan+closes+loophole+allowing+killers+to+go+free&rft.date=2019-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2019%2F08%2F23%2Fpakistan-should-not-again-fail-honor-killing-victim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mohammad Qadeer (2006), Pakistan - Social and Cultural Transformations in a Muslim Nation, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415492225" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415492225">978-0415492225</a>, p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mohamed_Diriye_Abdullahi-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mohamed_Diriye_Abdullahi_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, <i>Culture and Customs of Somalia</i>, (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SJS-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SJS_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDr_Andre_Le_Sage2005" class="citation web cs1">Dr Andre Le Sage (1 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118151830/http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Somalia%20report.pdf">"Stateless Justice in Somalia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hdcentre.org/files/Somalia%20report.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stateless+Justice+in+Somalia&rft.pub=Centre+for+Humanitarian+Dialogue&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.au=Dr+Andre+Le+Sage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hdcentre.org%2Ffiles%2FSomalia%2520report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rosati-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rosati_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosatiTewoldeMosconi2007" class="citation book cs1">Rosati, A.; Tewolde, A.; Mosconi, C. 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Oxford University Press. p. 187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Muhammadan+Jurisprudence&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Schacht&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlood+money+in+Islam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blood_money_in_Islam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=wapp">"blood money"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language_Wikipedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language Wikipedia">Arabic language Wikipedia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_Translate" title="Google Translate">Google Translate</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/apr/05/sharia-law-diyya-saudi">Paralysis or blood money? Skewed justice in Saudi Arabia</a> The Guardian (April 5, 2013)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140828015554/http://www.usc.edu/org/cmje/religious-texts/hadith/muwatta/043-mmt.php">Blood-money for women, slaves and non-muslims</a> Al-Muwatta, Book 43, <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> Fiqh</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/colhr23&div=15&id=&page=">The Reemergence of Qisas and Diyat in Pakistan</a>, Evan Gottessman, Columbia Human Rights Law Review (1992)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/yislamie13&div=11&id=&page=">Islamic Law in Practice: The Application of Qisas and Diyat Law in Pakistan</a>, Tahir Wasti, Y.B. Islamic & Middle Eastern Law (2007)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/15730255-12341237">The Modern Interpretation of the Diyat Formula for the Quantum of Damages: The Case of Homicide and Personal Injuries</a>, S.Z. Ismail, Arab Law Quarterly, Volume 26, Issue 3, pp. 361–379</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1111/j.1555-2934.2012.01205.x/">When Blood Has Spilled: Gender, Honor, and Compensation in Iranian Criminal Sanctioning</a>, Arzoo Osanloo (2012), Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 35(2), pp. 308–326.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://progettoinnocenti.it/dati/531PENADIMORTEARABIA.pdf">Death Penalty in Saudi Arabia - Diya and Qisas</a> Amnesty International (2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/666941/The_Reintroduction_of_Islamic_Criminal_Law_in_Northern_Nigeria">The Reintroduction of Islamic Criminal Law in Northern Nigeria</a>, R. 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