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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English biophysicist and cell biologist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Ian_Gibbons_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ian Gibbons (disambiguation)">Ian Gibbons</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ian Read Gibbons<sup id="cite_ref-ucbobituary_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucbobituary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ian_R._Gibbons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ian_R._Gibbons.jpg/220px-Ian_R._Gibbons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ian_R._Gibbons.jpg/330px-Ian_R._Gibbons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ian_R._Gibbons.jpg/440px-Ian_R._Gibbons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1931-10-30</span>)</span>30 October 1931<sup id="cite_ref-autobio_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autobio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Rye,_East_Sussex" title="Rye, East Sussex">Rye</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a><sup id="cite_ref-autobio_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autobio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 January 2018<span style="display:none">(2018-01-30)</span> (aged 86)<sup id="cite_ref-ucbobituary_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucbobituary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Orinda,_California" title="Orinda, California">Orinda</a>, California, United States<sup id="cite_ref-ucbobituary_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucbobituary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Research in <a href="/wiki/Dynein" title="Dynein">dynein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Barbara Gibbons (1961 to 2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2<sup id="cite_ref-ucbshaw_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucbshaw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/International_Prize_for_Biology" title="International Prize for Biology">International Prize for Biology</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995)</span> <br /> <a href="/wiki/E.B._Wilson_Medal" title="E.B. Wilson Medal">E.B. Wilson Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1994)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">Biophysics</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology">Cell biology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_at_M%C4%81noa" title="University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa">University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">John Bradfield<sup id="cite_ref-dynein_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dynein-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ian Read Gibbons</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span></span> (30 October 1931 – 30 January 2018) was a <a href="/wiki/Biophysicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Biophysicist">biophysicist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cell_biologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell biologist">cell biologist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He discovered and named <a href="/wiki/Dynein" title="Dynein">dynein</a>, and demonstrated energy source as <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a> is sufficient for dynein to walk on <a href="/wiki/Microtubules" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtubules">microtubules</a>. In 2017, he and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Vale" title="Ronald Vale">Ronald Vale</a> received the <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize</a> for their research on <a href="/wiki/Motor_protein" title="Motor protein">microtubule motor proteins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-shawprize_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shawprize-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> of Great Britain in 1983. The Society stated: </p> <dl><dd>He discovered, named and characterised the founding member of the dynein ATPase family of motor proteins and other microtubular components in cilia and flagella. By elegantly combining biochemical techniques with light and electron microscopy, he greatly advanced our understanding of microtubule-based motility, particularly by the direct visual demonstration of active dynein-dependent sliding between adjacent microtubules in structurally weakened flagella.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_R._Gibbons&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gibbons's passion for science stemmed from his interest in radio. He entered <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth%27s_Grammar_School,_Faversham" title="Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Faversham">Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Faversham" title="Faversham">Faversham</a> in 1943, where he developed an interest towards <a href="/wiki/Applied_physics" title="Applied physics">applied physics</a>. Following 18 months in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> engineer, he was admitted into <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College, Cambridge</a>, in 1951 to read <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> and then, in 1957, a <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> degree from Cambridge. His PhD research concerns using <a href="/wiki/Electron_microscopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron microscopes">electron microscopes</a> to study the organisation of <a href="/wiki/Chromosomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosomes">chromosomes</a> during <a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">mitosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">meiosis</a>. Gibbons then went to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Postdoctoral_researcher" title="Postdoctoral researcher">postdoctoral researcher</a>, where he stayed for 1 year. He subsequently moved to the Department of <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">Biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, to take up the post of director of the newly founded electron microscopy laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-dynein_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dynein-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ucbshaw_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucbshaw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_and_research_career">Academic and research career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_R._Gibbons&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Academic and research career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>, Gibbons studied the structure of <a href="/wiki/Cilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilia">cilia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flagella" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagella">flagella</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Protozoan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoan">protozoan</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/Tetrahymena" title="Tetrahymena">Tetrahymena</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Electron_microscopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron microscopes">electron microscopes</a>. In 1963, he discovered a novel <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> on <a href="/wiki/Microtubules" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtubules">microtubules</a> and published its pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, he purified two regions of the protein, known as its two "arms", naming the protein "<a href="/wiki/Dynein" title="Dynein">dynein</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his last year at Harvard, Gibbons demonstrated the protein making up microtubules was distinct from <a href="/wiki/Actin" title="Actin">actin</a>, in that the former was associated with <a href="/wiki/Guanine" title="Guanine">guanine</a> <a href="/wiki/Nucleotides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucleotides">nucleotides</a> while the latter with <a href="/wiki/Adenine" title="Adenine">adenine</a> nucleotides,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but refrained from naming it; Hideo Mohri from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a> named it <a href="/wiki/Tubulin" title="Tubulin">tubulin</a> afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-dynein_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dynein-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gibbons moved to the Kewalo Marine Laboratory, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_at_M%C4%81noa" title="University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa">University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa</a>, in 1967 as an <a href="/wiki/Associate_professor" title="Associate professor">associate professor</a>. He found the cilia of <a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">sea urchin</a> <a href="/wiki/Sperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Sperms">sperms</a> easier to work with than the cilia and flagella of <i>Tetrahymena</i>. In 1969, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">biophysics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ucbshaw_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucbshaw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shawbio_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shawbio-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 1970s, Gibbons and his wife Barbara showed the sliding of microtubules caused cilia motility (known as the sliding tubule mechanism), and that this sliding was dependent on the energy generated from <a href="/wiki/ATP_hydrolysis" title="ATP hydrolysis">ATP hydrolysis</a> by <a href="/wiki/ATPase" title="ATPase">ATPase</a>. When microtubules visibly slid out of the ends of the flagellar fiber, the flagella disintegrated.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then extended the mechanism to <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a>, confirming the motility mechanism of <a href="/wiki/Bull" title="Bull">bull</a> sperm cilia is the same as that for sea urchins.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After these findings, Gibbons switched his focus to the <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dyneins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyneins">dyneins</a>, and determined the <a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid_sequence" title="Nucleic acid sequence">DNA sequence</a> of the largest <a href="/wiki/Protein_subunit" title="Protein subunit">subunit</a> of dynein in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibbons_Asai_Ching_Dolecki_pp._8563–8567_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibbons_Asai_Ching_Dolecki_pp._8563–8567-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, he became the director of the Kewalo Marine Laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-ucbshaw_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucbshaw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ian and Barbara Gibbons retired from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in 1997; he went to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> as a research scientist in the laboratory of Beth Burnside. In 2009, Burnside closed her laboratory, and Gibbons became a <a href="/wiki/Visiting_researcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Visiting researcher">visiting researcher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ucbshaw_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucbshaw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shawbio_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shawbio-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_R._Gibbons&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honours and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine</a> (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-shawprize_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shawprize-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Prize_for_Biology" title="International Prize for Biology">International Prize for Biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_Society_for_the_Promotion_of_Science" title="Japan Society for the Promotion of Science">Japan Society for the Promotion of Science</a> (1995)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.B._Wilson_Medal" title="E.B. Wilson Medal">E.B. Wilson Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Cell_Biology" title="American Society for Cell Biology">American Society for Cell Biology</a> (1994)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> (1983)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellowship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">Molecular</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology">Cellular Biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Simon_Guggenheim_Memorial_Foundation" title="John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation">John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation</a> (1973)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_R._Gibbons&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gibbons met his wife Barbara while in <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>; they married in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-dynein_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dynein-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barbara died in 2013 at age 81.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gibbons also died in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-ucbobituary_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucbobituary-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_R._Gibbons&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dynein-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dynein_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dynein_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dynein_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dynein_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGibbons2017" class="citation book cs1">Gibbons, Ian R. (22 November 2017). "Discovery of dynein and its properties: A personal account". In King, Steven M. (ed.). <i>Dyneins: The Biology of Dynein Motors</i> (2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 3–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-809471-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-809471-6"><bdi>978-0-12-809471-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Discovery+of+dynein+and+its+properties%3A+A+personal+account&rft.btitle=Dyneins%3A+The+Biology+of+Dynein+Motors&rft.pages=3-87&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2017-11-22&rft.isbn=978-0-12-809471-6&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Ian+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ucbobituary-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ucbobituary_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ucbobituary_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ucbobituary_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ucbobituary_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders,_Robert2018" class="citation news cs1">Sanders, Robert (14 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.berkeley.edu/2018/02/14/sunday-feb-18-memorial-service-for-prize-winning-biologist-ian-gibbons/">"Sunday (18 Feb.) memorial service for prize-winning biologist Ian Gibbons"</a>. <i>Berkeley News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berkeley+News&rft.atitle=Sunday+%2818+Feb.%29+memorial+service+for+prize-winning+biologist+Ian+Gibbons&rft.date=2018-02-14&rft.au=Sanders%2C+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.berkeley.edu%2F2018%2F02%2F14%2Fsunday-feb-18-memorial-service-for-prize-winning-biologist-ian-gibbons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autobio-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autobio_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autobio_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons,_Ian_R.2017" class="citation web cs1">Gibbons, Ian R. (26 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711202321/http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=104&threeid=267&fourid=526&fiveid=243">"Autobiography of Ian R Gibbons"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize Foundation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=104&threeid=267&fourid=526&fiveid=243">the original</a> on 11 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Autobiography+of+Ian+R+Gibbons&rft.pub=Shaw+Prize+Foundation&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+Ian+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shawprize.org%2Fen%2Fshaw.php%3Ftmp%3D3%26twoid%3D104%26threeid%3D267%26fourid%3D526%26fiveid%3D243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ucbshaw-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ucbshaw_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ucbshaw_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ucbshaw_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ucbshaw_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ucbshaw_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders,_Robert2017" class="citation news cs1">Sanders, Robert (25 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.berkeley.edu/2017/05/25/ian-gibbons-awarded-shaw-prize-for-discovery-of-molecular-motors/">"Ian Gibbons awarded Shaw Prize for discovery of molecular motors"</a>. <i>Berkeley News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berkeley+News&rft.atitle=Ian+Gibbons+awarded+Shaw+Prize+for+discovery+of+molecular+motors&rft.date=2017-05-25&rft.au=Sanders%2C+Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.berkeley.edu%2F2017%2F05%2F25%2Fian-gibbons-awarded-shaw-prize-for-discovery-of-molecular-motors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbonsValeSale2019" class="citation journal cs1">Gibbons, Wendy E.; Vale, Ronald D.; Sale, Winfield S. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2018.0034">"Ian Read Gibbons. 30 October 1931—30 January 2018"</a>. <i>Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</i>. <b>66</b>: 201–223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.2018.0034">10.1098/rsbm.2018.0034</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Ian+Read+Gibbons.+30+October+1931%E2%80%9430+January+2018&rft.volume=66&rft.pages=201-223&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.2018.0034&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Wendy+E.&rft.au=Vale%2C+Ronald+D.&rft.au=Sale%2C+Winfield+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%252Frsbm.2018.0034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shawprize-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shawprize_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shawprize_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813011758/http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=5&twoid=79&threeid=264&fourid=501">"Announcement of The Shaw Laureates 2017"</a> (Press release). Shaw Prize Foundation. 17 June 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=5&twoid=79&threeid=264&fourid=501">the original</a> on 13 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Announcement+of+The+Shaw+Laureates+2017&rft.pub=Shaw+Prize+Foundation&rft.date=2018-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shawprize.org%2Fen%2Fshaw.php%3Ftmp%3D5%26twoid%3D79%26threeid%3D264%26fourid%3D501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/ian-gibbons-11490/">"Professor Ian Gibbons FRS" <i>The Royal Society</i> </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711202321/http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=104&threeid=267&fourid=526&fiveid=243">"Autobiography of Ian R Gibbons"</a>. Shaw Prize Foundation. 27 June 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=104&threeid=267&fourid=526&fiveid=243">the original</a> on 11 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Autobiography+of+Ian+R+Gibbons&rft.pub=Shaw+Prize+Foundation&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shawprize.org%2Fen%2Fshaw.php%3Ftmp%3D3%26twoid%3D104%26threeid%3D267%26fourid%3D526%26fiveid%3D243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons,_Ian_R.1963" class="citation journal cs1">Gibbons, Ian R. (18 September 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC221963">"Studies on the protein components from cilia of Tetrahymena pyriformis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</a></i>. <b>50</b> (5): 1002–1010. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.50.5.1002">10.1073/pnas.50.5.1002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC221963">221963</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14082342">14082342</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Studies+on+the+protein+components+from+cilia+of+Tetrahymena+pyriformis&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1002-1010&rft.date=1963-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC221963%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14082342&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.50.5.1002&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+Ian+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC221963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons,_Ian_R.Rowe,_Arthur_J.1965" class="citation journal cs1">Gibbons, Ian R.; Rowe, Arthur J. (23 July 1965). "Dynein: a protein with adenosine triphosphatase activity from cilia". <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>149</b> (3582): 424–426. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1965Sci...149..424G">1965Sci...149..424G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.149.3682.424">10.1126/science.149.3682.424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17809406">17809406</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28941852">28941852</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Dynein%3A+a+protein+with+adenosine+triphosphatase+activity+from+cilia&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=3582&rft.pages=424-426&rft.date=1965-07-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.149.3682.424&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28941852%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17809406&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1965Sci...149..424G&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+Ian+R.&rft.au=Rowe%2C+Arthur+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephens,_Ray_E.Renaud,_Fernando_L.Gibbons,_Ian_R.1967" class="citation journal cs1">Stephens, Ray E.; Renaud, Fernando L.; Gibbons, Ian R. (23 June 1967). "Guanine nucleotide associated with the protein of the outer fibers of flagella and cilia". <i>Science</i>. <b>156</b> (3782): 1606–1608. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967Sci...156.1606S">1967Sci...156.1606S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.156.3782.1606">10.1126/science.156.3782.1606</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6067301">6067301</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24637615">24637615</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Guanine+nucleotide+associated+with+the+protein+of+the+outer+fibers+of+flagella+and+cilia&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=3782&rft.pages=1606-1608&rft.date=1967-06-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.156.3782.1606&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24637615%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6067301&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1967Sci...156.1606S&rft.au=Stephens%2C+Ray+E.&rft.au=Renaud%2C+Fernando+L.&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+Ian+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shawbio-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shawbio_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shawbio_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103210510/http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=104&threeid=267&fourid=508">"Biographical Notes of Laureates"</a>. Shaw Prize Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=104&threeid=267&fourid=508">the original</a> on 3 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographical+Notes+of+Laureates&rft.pub=Shaw+Prize+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shawprize.org%2Fen%2Fshaw.php%3Ftmp%3D3%26twoid%3D104%26threeid%3D267%26fourid%3D508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons,_Ian_R.Fronk,_Earl1972" class="citation journal cs1">Gibbons, Ian R.; Fronk, Earl (1 August 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2108873">"Some properties of bound and soluble dynein from sea urchin sperm flagella"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Cell_Biology" title="Journal of Cell Biology">Journal of Cell Biology</a></i>. <b>54</b> (2): 365–381. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1083%2Fjcb.54.2.365">10.1083/jcb.54.2.365</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2108873">2108873</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4261148">4261148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=Some+properties+of+bound+and+soluble+dynein+from+sea+urchin+sperm+flagella&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=365-381&rft.date=1972-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2108873%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4261148&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1083%2Fjcb.54.2.365&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+Ian+R.&rft.au=Fronk%2C+Earl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2108873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindemann,_Charles_B.Gibbons,_Ian_R.1975" class="citation journal cs1">Lindemann, Charles B.; Gibbons, Ian R. (1 April 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2111158">"Adenosine triphosphate-induced motility and sliding of filaments in mammalian sperm extracted with Triton X-100"</a>. <i>Journal of Cell Biology</i>. <b>65</b> (1): 147–162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1083%2Fjcb.65.1.147">10.1083/jcb.65.1.147</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2111158">2111158</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/236318">236318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cell+Biology&rft.atitle=Adenosine+triphosphate-induced+motility+and+sliding+of+filaments+in+mammalian+sperm+extracted+with+Triton+X-100&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=147-162&rft.date=1975-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2111158%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F236318&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1083%2Fjcb.65.1.147&rft.au=Lindemann%2C+Charles+B.&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+Ian+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2111158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibbons_Asai_Ching_Dolecki_pp._8563–8567-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gibbons_Asai_Ching_Dolecki_pp._8563–8567_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbonsAsaiChingDolecki1991" class="citation journal cs1">Gibbons, I. R.; Asai, D. J.; Ching, N. S.; Dolecki, G. J.; et al. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Prize+for+Biology+Past+Recipients%2FPresentation+Ceremony&rft.pub=Japan+Society+for+the+Promotion+of+Science&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jsps.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fe-biol%2F02_recipients.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ascb.org/e-b-wilson-medal/">"E.B. Wilson Medal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Cell_Biology" title="American Society for Cell Biology">American Society for Cell Biology</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=E.B.+Wilson+Medal&rft.pub=American+Society+for+Cell+Biology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ascb.org%2Fe-b-wilson-medal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/ian-gibbons-11490/">"Ian Gibbons"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ascb.org/ascb-post/in-memoriam-barbara-hollingworth-gibbons/">the original</a> on 11 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Society+for+Cell+Biology+Post&rft.atitle=In+Memoriam+%E2%80%93+Barbara+Hollingworth+Gibbons&rft.date=2013-07-23&rft.au=Fleischman%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ascb.org%2Fascb-post%2Fin-memoriam-barbara-hollingworth-gibbons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+R.+Gibbons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Reinhard Genzel</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Shu" title="Frank Shu">Frank Shu</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Bennett" title="Charles L. Bennett">Charles Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Page" title="Lyman Page">Lyman Page</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Spergel" title="David Spergel">David Spergel</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Costa_(physicist)" title="Enrico Costa (physicist)">Enrico Costa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_J._Fishman" title="Gerald J. Fishman">Gerald Fishman</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_C._Jewitt" title="David C. Jewitt">David C. Jewitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jane_Luu" title="Jane Luu">Jane Luu</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Balbus" title="Steven Balbus">Steven Balbus</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Hawley" title="John F. Hawley">John F. Hawley</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Eisenstein" title="Daniel Eisenstein">Daniel Eisenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Cole" title="Shaun Cole">Shaun Cole</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_A._Peacock" title="John A. Peacock">John A. Peacock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Borucki" title="William J. Borucki">William J. Borucki</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Drever" title="Ronald Drever">Ronald Drever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Rainer Weiss</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_White" title="Simon White">Simon White</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Loup_Puget" title="Jean-Loup Puget">Jean-Loup Puget</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Stone" title="Edward C. Stone">Edward C. Stone</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Blandford" title="Roger Blandford">Roger Blandford</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Kaspi" title="Victoria Kaspi">Victoria Kaspi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chryssa_Kouveliotou" title="Chryssa Kouveliotou">Chryssa Kouveliotou</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennart_Lindegren" title="Lennart Lindegren">Lennart Lindegren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Perryman" title="Michael Perryman">Michael Perryman</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bailes" title="Matthew Bailes">Matthew Bailes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Lorimer" title="Duncan Lorimer">Duncan Lorimer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maura_McLaughlin" title="Maura McLaughlin">Maura McLaughlin</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinivas_R._Kulkarni" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrinivas R. Kulkarni">Shrinivas R. Kulkarni</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">Life science<br />and medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Boyer" title="Herbert Boyer">Herbert Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuet_Wai_Kan" title="Yuet Wai Kan">Yuet-Wai Kan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">Richard Doll</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Berridge" title="Michael Berridge">Michael Berridge</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaodong_Wang_(biochemist)" title="Xiaodong Wang (biochemist)">Xiaodong Wang</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wilmut" title="Ian Wilmut">Ian Wilmut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Campbell_(biologist)" title="Keith Campbell (biologist)">Keith H. S. Campbell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Shinya Yamanaka</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_L._Coleman" title="Douglas L. Coleman">Douglas Coleman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Friedman" title="Jeffrey M. Friedman">Jeffrey Friedman</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">David Julius</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann">Jules Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Medzhitov" title="Ruslan Medzhitov">Ruslan Medzhitov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce Beutler</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz-Ulrich_Hartl" title="Franz-Ulrich Hartl">Franz-Ulrich Hartl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Horwich" title="Arthur L. Horwich">Arthur L. Horwich</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Jeffrey C. Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Michael W. Young</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazutoshi_Mori" title="Kazutoshi Mori">Kazutoshi Mori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Walter" title="Peter Walter">Peter Walter</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Bassler" title="Bonnie Bassler">Bonnie Bassler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Everett_Peter_Greenberg" title="Everett Peter Greenberg">Everett Peter Greenberg</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Bird" title="Adrian Bird">Adrian Bird</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huda_Zoghbi" title="Huda Zoghbi">Huda Zoghbi</a> (2016)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ian R. Gibbons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Vale" title="Ronald Vale">Ronald Vale</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">Mary-Claire King</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Jasin" title="Maria Jasin">Maria Jasin</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gero_Miesenb%C3%B6ck" title="Gero Miesenböck">Gero Miesenböck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hegemann" title="Peter Hegemann">Peter Hegemann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Nagel" title="Georg Nagel">Georg Nagel</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_D._Emr" title="Scott D. Emr">Scott D. Emr</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Negulescu" title="Paul Negulescu">Paul A. Negulescu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Welsh_(biologist)" title="Michael J. Welsh (biologist)">Michael J. Welsh</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cramer" title="Patrick Cramer">Patrick Cramer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eva_Nogales" title="Eva Nogales">Eva Nogales</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_H._Orkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuart H. Orkin">Stuart H. Orkin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swee_Lay_Thein" title="Swee Lay Thein">Swee Lay Thein</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">Mathematical<br />science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wiles" title="Andrew Wiles">Andrew Wiles</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mumford" title="David Mumford">David Mumford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wu_Wenjun" title="Wu Wenjun">Wentsun Wu</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Langlands" title="Robert Langlands">Robert Langlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(mathematician)" title="Richard Taylor (mathematician)">Richard Taylor</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Arnold" title="Vladimir Arnold">Vladimir Arnold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Faddeev" title="Ludvig Faddeev">Ludwig Faddeev</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Donaldson" title="Simon Donaldson">Simon Donaldson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Taubes" title="Clifford Taubes">Clifford Taubes</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bourgain" title="Jean Bourgain">Jean Bourgain</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Christodoulou" title="Demetrios Christodoulou">Demetrios Christodoulou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Hamilton" title="Richard S. Hamilton">Richard S. Hamilton</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Kontsevich" title="Maxim Kontsevich">Maxim Kontsevich</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Donoho" title="David Donoho">David Donoho</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lusztig" title="George Lusztig">George Lusztig</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Faltings" title="Gerd Faltings">Gerd Faltings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Iwaniec" title="Henryk Iwaniec">Henryk Iwaniec</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hitchin" title="Nigel Hitchin">Nigel Hitchin</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Koll%C3%A1r" title="János Kollár">János Kollár</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claire_Voisin" title="Claire Voisin">Claire Voisin</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Caffarelli" title="Luis Caffarelli">Luis Caffarelli</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Talagrand" title="Michel Talagrand">Michel Talagrand</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Beilinson" title="Alexander Beilinson">Alexander Beilinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Kazhdan" title="David Kazhdan">David Kazhdan</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Bismut" title="Jean-Michel Bismut">Jean-Michel Bismut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Cheeger" title="Jeff Cheeger">Jeff Cheeger</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noga_Alon" title="Noga Alon">Noga Alon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Hrushovski" title="Ehud Hrushovski">Ehud Hrushovski</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Drinfeld" title="Vladimir Drinfeld">Vladimir Drinfeld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sarnak" title="Peter Sarnak">Peter Sarnak</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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