MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

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<option value="biosensors" > Biosensors </option> <option value="biotech" > BioTech </option> <option value="birds" > Birds </option> <option value="blockchains" > Blockchains </option> <option value="brainsci" > Brain Sciences </option> <option value="buildings" > Buildings </option> <option value="businesses" > Businesses </option> <option value="carbon" > C </option> <option value="cancers" > Cancers </option> <option value="cardiogenetics" > Cardiogenetics </option> <option value="catalysts" > Catalysts </option> <option value="cells" > Cells </option> <option value="ceramics" > Ceramics </option> <option value="challenges" > Challenges </option> <option value="ChemEngineering" > ChemEngineering </option> <option value="chemistry" > Chemistry </option> <option value="chemproc" > Chemistry Proceedings </option> <option value="chemosensors" > Chemosensors </option> <option value="children" > Children </option> <option value="chips" > Chips </option> <option value="civileng" > CivilEng </option> <option value="cleantechnol" > Clean Technologies (Clean Technol.) </option> <option value="climate" > Climate </option> <option value="ctn" > Clinical and Translational Neuroscience (CTN) </option> <option value="clinbioenerg" > Clinical Bioenergetics </option> <option value="clinpract" > Clinics and Practice </option> <option value="clockssleep" > Clocks & Sleep </option> <option value="coasts" > Coasts </option> <option value="coatings" > Coatings </option> <option value="colloids" > Colloids and Interfaces </option> <option value="colorants" > Colorants </option> <option value="commodities" > Commodities </option> <option value="complications" > Complications </option> <option value="compounds" > Compounds </option> <option value="computation" > Computation </option> <option value="csmf" > Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum </option> <option value="computers" > Computers </option> <option value="condensedmatter" > Condensed Matter </option> <option value="conservation" > Conservation </option> <option value="constrmater" > Construction Materials </option> <option value="cmd" > Corrosion and Materials Degradation (CMD) </option> <option value="cosmetics" > Cosmetics </option> <option value="covid" > COVID </option> <option value="crops" > Crops </option> <option value="cryo" > Cryo </option> <option value="cryptography" > Cryptography </option> <option value="crystals" > Crystals </option> <option value="cimb" > Current Issues in Molecular Biology (CIMB) </option> <option value="curroncol" > Current Oncology </option> <option value="dairy" > Dairy </option> <option value="data" > Data </option> <option value="dentistry" > Dentistry Journal </option> <option value="dermato" > Dermato </option> <option value="dermatopathology" > Dermatopathology </option> <option value="designs" > Designs </option> <option value="diabetology" > Diabetology </option> <option value="diagnostics" > Diagnostics </option> <option value="dietetics" > Dietetics </option> <option value="digital" > Digital </option> <option value="disabilities" > Disabilities </option> <option value="diseases" > Diseases </option> <option value="diversity" > Diversity </option> <option value="dna" > DNA </option> <option value="drones" > Drones </option> <option value="ddc" > Drugs and Drug Candidates (DDC) </option> <option value="dynamics" > Dynamics </option> <option value="earth" > Earth </option> <option value="ecologies" > Ecologies </option> <option value="econometrics" > Econometrics </option> <option value="economies" > Economies </option> <option value="education" > Education Sciences </option> <option value="electricity" > Electricity </option> <option value="electrochem" > Electrochem </option> <option value="electronicmat" > Electronic Materials </option> <option value="electronics" > Electronics </option> <option value="ecm" > Emergency Care and Medicine </option> <option value="encyclopedia" > Encyclopedia </option> <option value="endocrines" > Endocrines </option> <option value="energies" > Energies </option> <option value="esa" > Energy Storage and Applications (ESA) </option> <option value="eng" > Eng </option> <option value="engproc" > Engineering Proceedings </option> <option value="entropy" > Entropy </option> <option value="environsciproc" > Environmental Sciences Proceedings </option> <option value="environments" > Environments </option> <option value="epidemiologia" > Epidemiologia </option> <option value="epigenomes" > Epigenomes </option> <option value="ebj" > European Burn Journal (EBJ) </option> <option value="ejihpe" > European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE) </option> <option value="fermentation" > Fermentation </option> <option value="fibers" > Fibers </option> <option value="fintech" > FinTech </option> <option value="fire" > Fire </option> <option value="fishes" > Fishes </option> <option value="fluids" > Fluids </option> <option value="foods" > Foods </option> <option value="forecasting" > Forecasting </option> <option value="forensicsci" > Forensic Sciences </option> <option value="forests" > Forests </option> <option value="fossstud" > Fossil Studies </option> <option value="foundations" > Foundations </option> <option value="fractalfract" > Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract) </option> <option value="fuels" > Fuels </option> <option value="future" > Future </option> <option value="futureinternet" > Future Internet </option> <option value="futurepharmacol" > Future Pharmacology </option> <option value="futuretransp" > Future Transportation </option> <option value="galaxies" > Galaxies </option> <option value="games" > Games </option> <option value="gases" > Gases </option> <option value="gastroent" > Gastroenterology Insights </option> <option value="gastrointestdisord" > Gastrointestinal Disorders </option> <option value="gastronomy" > Gastronomy </option> <option value="gels" > Gels </option> <option value="genealogy" > Genealogy </option> <option value="genes" > Genes </option> <option value="geographies" > Geographies </option> <option value="geohazards" > GeoHazards </option> <option value="geomatics" > Geomatics </option> <option value="geometry" > Geometry </option> <option value="geosciences" > Geosciences </option> <option value="geotechnics" > Geotechnics </option> <option value="geriatrics" > Geriatrics </option> <option value="glacies" > Glacies </option> <option value="gucdd" > Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD) </option> <option value="grasses" > Grasses </option> <option value="hardware" > Hardware </option> <option value="healthcare" > Healthcare </option> <option value="hearts" > Hearts </option> <option value="hemato" > Hemato </option> <option value="hematolrep" > Hematology Reports </option> <option value="heritage" > Heritage </option> <option value="histories" > Histories </option> <option value="horticulturae" > Horticulturae </option> <option value="hospitals" > Hospitals </option> <option value="humanities" > Humanities </option> <option value="humans" > Humans </option> <option value="hydrobiology" > Hydrobiology </option> <option value="hydrogen" > Hydrogen </option> <option value="hydrology" > Hydrology </option> <option value="hygiene" > Hygiene </option> <option value="immuno" > Immuno </option> <option value="idr" > Infectious Disease Reports </option> <option value="informatics" > Informatics </option> <option value="information" > Information </option> <option value="infrastructures" > Infrastructures </option> <option value="inorganics" > Inorganics </option> <option value="insects" > Insects </option> <option value="instruments" > Instruments </option> <option value="iic" > Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction </option> <option value="ijerph" > International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) </option> <option value="ijfs" > International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS) </option> <option value="ijms" > International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) </option> <option value="IJNS" > International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS) </option> <option value="ijpb" > International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB) </option> <option value="ijt" > International Journal of Topology </option> <option value="ijtm" > International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option> <option value="ijtpp" > International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option> <option value="ime" > International Medical Education (IME) </option> <option value="inventions" > Inventions </option> <option value="IoT" > IoT </option> <option value="ijgi" > ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option> <option value="J" > J </option> <option value="jal" > Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option> <option value="jcdd" > Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option> <option value="jcto" > Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO) </option> <option value="jcm" > Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option> <option value="jcs" > Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.) </option> <option value="jcp" > Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP) </option> <option value="jdad" > Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (JDAD) </option> <option value="jdb" > Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB) </option> <option value="jeta" > Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA) </option> <option value="jfb" > Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB) </option> <option value="jfmk" > Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK) </option> <option value="jof" > Journal of Fungi (JoF) </option> <option value="jimaging" > Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging) </option> <option value="jintelligence" > Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.) </option> <option value="jlpea" > Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA) </option> <option value="jmmp" > Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) </option> <option value="jmse" > Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE) </option> <option value="jmahp" > Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP) </option> <option value="jmp" > Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP) </option> <option value="jnt" > Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT) </option> <option value="jne" > Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE) </option> <option value="ohbm" > Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM) </option> <option value="jop" > Journal of Parks </option> <option value="jpm" > Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) </option> <option value="jpbi" > Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI) </option> <option value="jor" > Journal of Respiration (JoR) </option> <option value="jrfm" > Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> <option value="laws" > Laws </option> <option value="life" > Life 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Mathematics </option> <option value="medsci" > Medical Sciences </option> <option value="msf" > Medical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="medicina" > Medicina </option> <option value="medicines" > Medicines </option> <option value="membranes" > Membranes </option> <option value="merits" > Merits </option> <option value="metabolites" > Metabolites </option> <option value="metals" > Metals </option> <option value="meteorology" > Meteorology </option> <option value="methane" > Methane </option> <option value="mps" > Methods and Protocols (MPs) </option> <option value="metrics" > Metrics </option> <option value="metrology" > Metrology </option> <option value="micro" > Micro </option> <option value="microbiolres" > Microbiology Research </option> <option value="micromachines" > Micromachines </option> <option value="microorganisms" > Microorganisms </option> <option value="microplastics" > Microplastics </option> <option value="minerals" > Minerals </option> <option value="mining" > Mining </option> <option value="modelling" > Modelling </option> <option value="mmphys" > Modern Mathematical Physics </option> <option value="molbank" > Molbank </option> <option value="molecules" > Molecules </option> <option value="mti" > Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI) </option> <option value="muscles" > Muscles </option> <option value="nanoenergyadv" > Nanoenergy Advances </option> <option value="nanomanufacturing" > Nanomanufacturing </option> <option value="nanomaterials" > Nanomaterials </option> <option value="ndt" > NDT </option> <option value="network" > Network </option> <option value="neuroglia" > Neuroglia </option> <option value="neurolint" > Neurology International </option> <option value="neurosci" > NeuroSci </option> <option value="nitrogen" > Nitrogen </option> <option value="ncrna" > Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) </option> <option value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > 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Med.) </option> <option value="resources" > Resources </option> <option value="rheumato" > Rheumato </option> <option value="risks" > Risks </option> <option value="robotics" > Robotics </option> <option value="ruminants" > Ruminants </option> <option value="safety" > Safety </option> <option value="sci" > Sci </option> <option value="scipharm" > Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. Pharm.) </option> <option value="sclerosis" > Sclerosis </option> <option value="seeds" > Seeds </option> <option value="sensors" > Sensors </option> <option value="separations" > Separations </option> <option value="sexes" > Sexes </option> <option value="signals" > Signals </option> <option value="sinusitis" > Sinusitis </option> <option value="smartcities" > Smart Cities </option> <option value="socsci" > Social Sciences </option> <option value="siuj" > Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal (SIUJ) </option> <option value="societies" > Societies </option> <option value="software" > Software </option> <option value="soilsystems" > Soil Systems </option> <option value="solar" > Solar </option> <option value="solids" > Solids </option> <option value="spectroscj" > Spectroscopy Journal </option> <option value="sports" > Sports </option> <option value="standards" > Standards </option> <option value="stats" > Stats </option> <option value="stresses" > Stresses </option> <option 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value="women" > Women </option> <option value="world" > World </option> <option value="wevj" > World Electric Vehicle Journal (WEVJ) </option> <option value="youth" > Youth </option> <option value="zoonoticdis" > Zoonotic Diseases </option> </select> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Article Type</div> </div> <select id="article_type" tabindex="4" name="article_type" class="chosen-select"> <option value="">All Article Types</option> <option value="research-article">Article</option> <option value="review-article">Review</option> <option value="rapid-communication">Communication</option> <option value="editorial">Editorial</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="book-review">Book Review</option> <option value="brief-communication">Brief Communication</option> <option value="brief-report">Brief Report</option> <option value="case-report">Case Report</option> <option 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Recent Articles <a href="/latest_articles" style="color: #fff; display: inline-block; width: 1px; cursor: default;"> </a> </h1> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="generic-item article-item no-border"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 20 pages, 15802 KiB   </span> <a href="/2032-6653/15/12/554/pdf?version=1732711720" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Analysis of the Thermal Runaway Mitigation Performances of Dielectric Fluids During Overcharge Abuse Tests of Lithium-Ion Cells with Lithium Titanate Oxide Anodes" data-journal="wevj"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2032-6653/15/12/554">Analysis of the Thermal Runaway Mitigation Performances of Dielectric Fluids During Overcharge Abuse Tests of Lithium-Ion Cells with Lithium Titanate Oxide Anodes</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carla Menale</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antonio Nicolò Mancino</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Francesco Vitiello</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vincenzo Sglavo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Francesco Vellucci</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Laura Caiazzo</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Roberto Bubbico</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>World Electr. Veh. J.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>15</em>(12), 554; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15120554">https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15120554</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Lithium titanate oxide cells are gaining attention in electric vehicle applications due to their ability to support high-current charging and their enhanced thermal stability. However, despite these advantages, safety concerns, particularly thermal runaway, pose significant challenges during abuse conditions such as overcharging. In <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/15/12/554/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Lithium titanate oxide cells are gaining attention in electric vehicle applications due to their ability to support high-current charging and their enhanced thermal stability. However, despite these advantages, safety concerns, particularly thermal runaway, pose significant challenges during abuse conditions such as overcharging. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of various dielectric fluids in mitigating thermal runaway during overcharge abuse tests of cylindrical LTO cells with a capacity of 10 Ah. The experimental campaign focused on overcharging fully charged cells (starting at 100% State of Charge) at a current of 40A (4C). The tests were conducted under two conditions: the first benchmark test involved a cell exposed to air, while the subsequent tests involved cells submerged in different dielectric fluids. These fluids included two perfluoropolyether fluorinated fluids (PFPEs) with boiling points of 170 °C and 270 °C, respectively, a synthetic ester, and a silicone oil. The results were analyzed to determine the fluids’ ability to delay possible thermal runaway and prevent catastrophic failures. The findings demonstrate that some dielectric fluids can delay thermal runaway, with one fluid showing superior performance with respect to the others in preventing fire during thermal runaway. The top-performing fluid was further evaluated in a simulated battery pack environment, confirming its ability to mitigate thermal runaway risks. These results provide important insights for improving the safety of battery systems in electric vehicles. <a href="/2032-6653/15/12/554">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/wevj/special_issues/3HHW72BQTZ ">Research Progress in Power-Oriented Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/15/12/554/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1531003"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1531003"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1531003" data-cycle-prev="#prev1531003" data-cycle-progressive="#images1531003" 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data-target='article-1531003-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g022-550.jpg?1732711838'><p>Figure 22</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='22' data-target='article-1531003-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g023-550.jpg?1732711839'><p>Figure 23</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1531003-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g001-550.jpg?1732711797" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Performance characteristics of LTO and graphite as anode materials in Li-ion battery cells (1: disadvantageous, 4: excellent) [<a href="#B4-wevj-15-00554" class="html-bibr">4</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g002-550.jpg?1732711798" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>FARO plant and test set-up.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g003-550.jpg?1732711800" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Test configuration: (<b>a</b>) overcharging of a single LTO cell; (<b>b</b>) overcharging of an LTO cell within a battery pack scenario.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g004-550.jpg?1732711801" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Thermocouple location on the cell surface: (<b>a</b>) thermocouple location for the first test configuration; (<b>b</b>) thermocouple location for the second test configuration; (<b>c</b>) layout of the second test configuration.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g005-550.jpg?1732711804" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Open-air test sequence: (<b>a</b>) before venting, (<b>b</b>) bottom failure due to venting. (<b>c</b>) venting.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g006-550.jpg?1732711806" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Cell immersed in PFPE-170 sequence: (<b>a</b>) before venting, (<b>b</b>) bottom failure due to venting, (<b>c</b>) intensive venting, (<b>d</b>) after intense venting.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g007-550.jpg?1732711807" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Cell immersed in PFPE-270 sequence: (<b>a</b>) before venting, (<b>b</b>) bottom failure due to venting, (<b>c</b>) intensive venting, (<b>d</b>) flames after intense venting.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g008-550.jpg?1732711810" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Cell immersed in synthetic ester sequence: (<b>a</b>) before venting, (<b>b</b>) bottom failure due to venting, (<b>c</b>) intensive venting, (<b>d</b>) second explosion, (<b>e</b>) fire generation during the explosion, (<b>f</b>) flames after intense venting.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g009-550.jpg?1732711812" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Cell immersed in silicone oil sequence: (<b>a</b>) before venting, (<b>b</b>) loss of the bottom due to venting, (<b>c</b>) intensive venting, (<b>d</b>) second explosion, (<b>e</b>) fire generation during the explosion, (<b>f</b>) flames after intense venting.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g010-550.jpg?1732711813" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Temperature values of thermocouple T0-T8 on the surface of the cell; TL, temperature of the liquid and supply voltage for the test with PFPE170.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g011-550.jpg?1732711815" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Temperature values of thermocouple T0-T8 on the surface of the cell; TL, temperature of the liquid and supply voltage for the test with PFPE270.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g012-550.jpg?1732711816" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Temperature values of thermocouple T0–T8 on the surface of the cell; TL, temperature of the liquid and supply voltage for the test with synthetic ester.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g013-550.jpg?1732711817" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Temperature values of thermocouple T0-T8 on the surface of the cell; TL, temperature of the liquid and supply voltage for the test with silicone oil.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g014-550.jpg?1732711818" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Temperature trends of thermocouples that recorded the maximum temperature in each test: for the open-air test, due to the early detachment of the thermocouples, the curve displayed refers to the thermo-camera readings.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g015-550.jpg?1732711824" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Thermal imaging camera frame of the explosion of LTO cell during the overcharge test in open-air conditions: (<b>a</b>) test start at 0 s, (<b>b</b>) at 62 s, (<b>c</b>) at 359 s, (<b>d</b>) and at 415 s, point of maximum temperature.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g016-550.jpg?1732711826" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Battery pack in open-air conditions: (<b>a</b>) before venting; (<b>b</b>) loss of the bottom due to venting, (<b>c</b>) intensive venting, (<b>d</b>) explosion, (<b>e</b>) flame generation after the explosion, (<b>f</b>) after fire extinction.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g017-550.jpg?1732711829" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>Battery pack immersed in PFPE170 sequence: (<b>a</b>) before venting, (<b>b</b>) loss of the bottom due to venting, (<b>c</b>) intensive venting, (<b>d</b>) explosion, (<b>e</b>) second venting after the explosion, (<b>f</b>) after intense venting.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g018-550.jpg?1732711834" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>Thermographic images of the battery pack test layout in open-air conditions (<b>a</b>) test start, (<b>b</b>) t = 328 s, (<b>c</b>) t = 408s loss of the cell bottom and thermal runaway onset, (<b>d</b>) t = 429 s explosion.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g019-550.jpg?1732711835" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>Temperature values of thermocouples on the surface of the abused cell; TL, ambient temperature and supply voltage for the test in battery pack configuration under open-air conditions.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g020-550.jpg?1732711836" title=" <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of the temperature trends of the thermocouple that recorded the maximum temperature of each cell in open air: T12 for the abused cell; T4 and T8 for the adjacent cells.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g021-550.jpg?1732711837" title=" <strong>Figure 21</strong><br/> <p>Temperature values of thermocouple on the surface of the abused cell; TL, temperature of the liquid and supply voltage for the test in battery pack configuration with the use of PFPE170.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g022-550.jpg?1732711838" title=" <strong>Figure 22</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of the temperature trends of the thermocouple that recorded the maximum temperature of each cell with the use of PFPE170: T0 for the abused cell; T2 and T8 for the adjacent cells.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00554/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00554-g023-550.jpg?1732711839" title=" <strong>Figure 23</strong><br/> <p>Temperature trends of thermocouple T14 in each test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/554'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 3458 KiB   </span> <a href="/2032-6653/15/12/553/pdf?version=1732697653" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Determining Volt/Var Characteristics of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Inverters for Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks" data-journal="wevj"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2032-6653/15/12/553">Determining Volt/Var Characteristics of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Inverters for Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vyacheslav Voronin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fedor Nepsha</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pavel Ilyushin</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>World Electr. Veh. J.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>15</em>(12), 553; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15120553">https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15120553</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In this paper, a method for determining the parameters of the Volt/Var characteristics of inverters of electric vehicle charging stations to regulate voltage in distribution networks is proposed, which differs from the existing ones by taking into account the possibility of the joint <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/15/12/553/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In this paper, a method for determining the parameters of the Volt/Var characteristics of inverters of electric vehicle charging stations to regulate voltage in distribution networks is proposed, which differs from the existing ones by taking into account the possibility of the joint control of active and reactive power and the impedance of the power distribution line. The method proposed in this paper allows researchers to determine the slope and width of the dead band of the Volt/Var characteristics according to the criterion of limiting the maximum voltage deviations to an acceptable value or maximizing the reactive power of the inverter upon reaching a specified voltage. To test this method, a quasi-dynamic modeling of the distribution network with electric vehicle charging stations regulating voltage using the Volt/Var characteristics was performed. Based on the modeling results, it is shown that fast electric vehicle charging stations can be used to regulate voltage in the distribution network with relatively minor constraints on the charging active power. <a href="/2032-6653/15/12/553">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/wevj/special_issues/Sustainable_Transport_Sector ">Electric Vehicles and Charging Facilities for a Sustainable Transport Sector</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/15/12/553/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530602"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530602"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530602" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530602" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530602" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530602-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g001-550.jpg?1732697752" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530602" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530602-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g002-550.jpg?1732697753'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530602-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g003-550.jpg?1732697757'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530602-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g004-550.jpg?1732697758'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530602-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g005-550.jpg?1732697759'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530602-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g006-550.jpg?1732697760'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530602-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g007-550.jpg?1732697761'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1530602-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g008-550.jpg?1732697762'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530602-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g001-550.jpg?1732697752" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Standard Volt/Var characteristics according to IEEE 1547-2018 [<a href="#B21-wevj-15-00553" class="html-bibr">21</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/553'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g002-550.jpg?1732697753" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Graphic visualization of the algorithm for determining the parameters of Volt/Var characteristics: <span class="html-italic">A</span>—the position of the operating point on the Volt/Var characteristic when controlling the reactive power of the inverter; <span class="html-italic">B</span>—the position of the operating point on the Volt/Var characteristic when controlling the reactive and active power of the inverter; <span class="html-italic">C</span>—the point for determining the position of the Volt/Var characteristic according to the criterion of maximizing reactive power upon reaching a given voltage value; <span class="html-italic">D</span>—the point for determining the position of the Volt/Var characteristic according to the criterion of limiting voltage deviations to a given value, taking into account the impedance of the cable line.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/553'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g003-550.jpg?1732697757" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Proposed algorithm flow chart.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/553'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g004-550.jpg?1732697758" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Single-line diagram of the distribution network.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/553'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g005-550.jpg?1732697759" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>The voltage versus time graph at low-voltage buses of the transformer substation under different voltage regulation modes of the EVCS.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/553'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g006-550.jpg?1732697760" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The EVCS active power versus time graph under different voltage regulation modes of the EVCS.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/553'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g007-550.jpg?1732697761" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>The EVCS reactive power versus time graph under different voltage regulation modes of the EVCS.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/553'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/wevj/wevj-15-00553/article_deploy/html/images/wevj-15-00553-g008-550.jpg?1732697762" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>EVCS Volt/Var characteristic.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2032-6653/15/12/553'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1530726" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1530726" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1530726" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2571-6255/7/12/437/s1?version=1732700434"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 171 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 24 pages, 4155 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-6255/7/12/437/pdf?version=1732700433" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Mapping Burned Area in the Caatinga Biome: Employing Deep Learning Techniques" data-journal="fire"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-6255/7/12/437">Mapping Burned Area in the Caatinga Biome: Employing Deep Learning Techniques</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Washington J. S. Franca Rocha</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rodrigo N. Vasconcelos</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Soltan Galano Duverger</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Diego P. Costa</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nerivaldo A. Santos</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rafael O. Franca Rocha</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mariana M. M. de Santana</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ane A. C. Alencar</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vera L. S. Arruda</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wallace Vieira da Silva</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mariana Oliveira</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Leonardo da Silva Barbosa</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carlos Leandro Cordeiro</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fire</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(12), 437; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7120437">https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7120437</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The semi-arid Caatinga biome is particularly susceptible to fire dynamics. Periodic droughts amplify fire risks, while anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, pasture expansion, and land-clearing significantly contribute to the prevalence of fires. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a fire detection <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/7/12/437/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The semi-arid Caatinga biome is particularly susceptible to fire dynamics. Periodic droughts amplify fire risks, while anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, pasture expansion, and land-clearing significantly contribute to the prevalence of fires. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a fire detection model and analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of burned areas, providing essential insights for fire management and prevention strategies. Utilizing deep neural network (DNN) models, we mapped burned areas across the Caatinga biome from 1985 to 2023, based on Landsat-derived annual quality mosaics and minimum NBR values. Over the 38-year period, the model classified 10.9 Mha (12.7% of the Caatinga) as burned, with an average annual burned area of approximately 0.5 Mha (0.56%). The peak burned area reached 0.89 Mha in 2021. Fire scars varied significantly, ranging from 0.18 Mha in 1985 to substantial fluctuations in subsequent years. The most affected vegetation type was savanna, with 9.8 Mha burned, while forests experienced only 0.28 Mha of burning. October emerged as the month with the highest fire activity, accounting for 7266 hectares. These findings underscore the complex interplay of climatic and anthropogenic factors, highlighting the urgent need for effective fire management strategies. <a href="/2571-6255/7/12/437">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fire/special_issues/36Z3VP118X ">Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) Applications in Wildfire Science: Principles, Progress and Prospects</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/7/12/437/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530726"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530726"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530726" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530726" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530726" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530726-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g001-550.jpg?1732700523" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530726" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530726-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g002-550.jpg?1732700525'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530726-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g003-550.jpg?1732700526'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530726-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g004-550.jpg?1732700527'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530726-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g005-550.jpg?1732700529'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530726-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g006-550.jpg?1732700530'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530726-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g007-550.jpg?1732700531'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1530726-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g008-550.jpg?1732700534'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530726-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g001-550.jpg?1732700523" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Map of the boundaries of the Caatinga biome.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/437'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g002-550.jpg?1732700525" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Overview of the method for classifying burned areas in Caatinga.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/437'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g003-550.jpg?1732700526" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>The Multi-Layer Perceptron Network‘s structure involves using the spectral bands (RED, NIR, SWIR1, and SWIR2) as input layers and the classes burned and unburned as the output layers.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/437'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g004-550.jpg?1732700527" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The Multi-Layer Perceptron Network‘s structure involves using the spectral bands (RED, NIR, SWIR1, and SWIR2) as input layers and the classes burned and unburned as the output layers. (<b>A</b>) depicts the cumulative burn area from 1985 to 2023. (<b>B</b>) in contrast, showcases the annual burn area over the same temporal range.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/437'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g005-550.jpg?1732700529" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>The annual distribution of annual burned class areas in the Caatinga biome from 1985 to 2023.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/437'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g006-550.jpg?1732700530" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The annual distribution of burned areas by land use and land cover types in the Caatinga biome from 1985 to 2023.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/437'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g007-550.jpg?1732700531" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>The paper presents the spatial distribution of fire frequency in Brazil from 1985 to 2023, including the corresponding burned area and proportion by frequency class. (<b>A</b>) shows the map of fire frequency throughout the Caatinga biome, while (<b>B</b>) presents the classes of fire frequency by area and their corresponding percentages.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/437'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00437/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00437-g008-550.jpg?1732700534" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>The figures depict the spatial association between accumulated burn scars and various climate parameters. (<b>A</b>) illustrates the correlation between burn scars and accumulated precipitation. (<b>B</b>) showcases the relationship between accumulated burn scars and climate water deficit. Lastly, (<b>C</b>) presents the correlation between burn scars and reference evapotranspiration.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/437'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 5274 KiB   </span> <a href="/2571-6255/7/12/438/pdf?version=1732707383" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="An Evaluation Model for the Firefighting and Rescue Capability of Cultural Relic Building Complexes in Forest Areas" data-journal="fire"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2571-6255/7/12/438">An Evaluation Model for the Firefighting and Rescue Capability of Cultural Relic Building Complexes in Forest Areas</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Long Yan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jiaxin Zheng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qi Li</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Guodong Zhang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fire</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>7</em>(12), 438; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7120438">https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7120438</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Previous evaluation models for cultural relic buildings in relation to fire risk fail to consider the necessity for effective firefighting and rescue capabilities in complex forest environments. This paper incorporates variables, including those pertaining to forest fires and climatic conditions, into the assessment <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/7/12/438/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Previous evaluation models for cultural relic buildings in relation to fire risk fail to consider the necessity for effective firefighting and rescue capabilities in complex forest environments. This paper incorporates variables, including those pertaining to forest fires and climatic conditions, into the assessment index system. The hierarchical analysis method and the local punishment-incentive variable weighting method are employed to introduce a compensation coefficient score. A model for the evaluation of firefighting and rescue capability in a continuous area of cultural relic buildings in conjunction with the surrounding forest environment has been developed. The firefighting and rescue capability of the Yuelu Mountain scenic spot was evaluated at 73.91 (level III) using the fixed weight method and 69.52 (level IV) using the variable weight method. The variable weight method proved to be a more accurate approach for evaluating the status and importance of dynamic targets, thus enabling a more precise evaluation of the comprehensive evaluation area. The evaluation results inform the formulation of targeted improvement measures for enhancing the firefighting and rescue capabilities of cultural relic buildings. <a href="/2571-6255/7/12/438">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fire/special_issues/I3844U8L73 ">Building Fire Dynamics and Fire Evacuation, 2nd Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/7/12/438/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530930"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530930"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530930" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530930" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530930" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530930-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g001-550.jpg?1732707487" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530930" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530930-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g002-550.jpg?1732707488'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530930-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g003-550.jpg?1732707491'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530930-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g004-550.jpg?1732707493'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530930-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g005-550.jpg?1732707494'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530930-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g006-550.jpg?1732707496'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530930-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g007-550.jpg?1732707500'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1530930-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g008-550.jpg?1732707502'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530930-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g001-550.jpg?1732707487" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Occurrence of forest fires by province in China, 2010–2019.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/438'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g002-550.jpg?1732707488" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Typical fires of cultural relic buildings in forests.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/438'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g003-550.jpg?1732707491" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Influencing factors of firefighting and rescue capability of cultural relic buildings.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/438'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g004-550.jpg?1732707493" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Weighting coefficients and index scores.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/438'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g005-550.jpg?1732707494" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Reference chart for determining variable weights: (<b>a</b>) penalty variable weight function <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math>; (<b>b</b>) relationship between the value of the parameter <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </semantics></math> and the penalty weighting function <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math>; (<b>c</b>) relationship between the value of the parameter <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> </semantics></math> and the penalty weighting function <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>(</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/438'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g006-550.jpg?1732707496" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Forest fire danger weather rating forecast map of Hunan province (September 2022).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/438'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g007-550.jpg?1732707500" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Evaluation results of Yuelu Mountain scenic spot.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/438'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fire/fire-07-00438/article_deploy/html/images/fire-07-00438-g008-550.jpg?1732707502" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Pathways for improving firefighting and rescuing capabilities.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2571-6255/7/12/438'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 20 pages, 604 KiB   </span> <a href="/2504-3110/8/12/700/pdf?version=1732713120" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Finite Difference and Chebyshev Collocation for Time-Fractional and Riesz Space Distributed-Order Advection–Diffusion Equation with Time-Delay" data-journal="fractalfract"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2504-3110/8/12/700">Finite Difference and Chebyshev Collocation for Time-Fractional and Riesz Space Distributed-Order Advection–Diffusion Equation with Time-Delay</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fang Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuxue Chen</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuting Liu</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fractal Fract.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>8</em>(12), 700; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8120700">https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8120700</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In this paper, we have established a numerical method for a class of time-fractional and Riesz space distributed-order advection–diffusion equation with time-delay. Firstly, we transform the Riesz space distributed-order derivative term of the diffusion equation into multi-term fractional derivatives by using the Gauss <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/8/12/700/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In this paper, we have established a numerical method for a class of time-fractional and Riesz space distributed-order advection–diffusion equation with time-delay. Firstly, we transform the Riesz space distributed-order derivative term of the diffusion equation into multi-term fractional derivatives by using the Gauss quadrature formula. Secondly, we discretize time by using second-order finite differences, discretize space by using second kind Chebyshev polynomials, and convert the multi-term fractional equation to a system of algebraic equations. Finally, we solve the algebraic equations by the iterative method, and prove the stability and convergence. Moreover, relevant examples are shown to verify the validity of our algorithm. <a href="/2504-3110/8/12/700">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 24 pages, 527 KiB   </span> <a href="/2504-3110/8/12/699/pdf?version=1732712882" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Analyzing the Chaotic Dynamics of a Fractional-Order Dadras–Momeni System Using Relaxed Contractions" data-journal="fractalfract"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2504-3110/8/12/699">Analyzing the Chaotic Dynamics of a Fractional-Order Dadras–Momeni System Using Relaxed Contractions</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haroon Ahmad</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fahim Ud Din</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mudasir Younis</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Liliana Guran</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Fractal Fract.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>8</em>(12), 699; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8120699">https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8120699</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This paper is inspired by cutting-edge advancements in chaos theory, fractional calculus, and fixed point theory, which together provide a powerful framework for examining the dynamics of complex systems. At the heart of our research is the fractional-order Dadras–Momeni chaotic system, a pivotal <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/8/12/699/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This paper is inspired by cutting-edge advancements in chaos theory, fractional calculus, and fixed point theory, which together provide a powerful framework for examining the dynamics of complex systems. At the heart of our research is the fractional-order Dadras–Momeni chaotic system, a pivotal model in chaos theory celebrated for its intricate, multi-scroll dynamics. Leveraging the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative, we extend fractional computation to chaotic systems, offering deeper insights into their behavior. To fortify the mathematical foundation of our analysis, we employ the relaxed <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>θ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> rational contractions in the realm of metric spaces, enabling a more precise exploration of the system’s dynamics. A key goal of this work is to simplify the definition of the function class <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Θ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> while maintaining the existence and uniqueness of fixed points under <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>θ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-relaxed contractions, integrating this framework with the established literature on complete metric spaces. We explore the system’s behavior across six distinct cases by varying <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>δ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> with a fixed fractional order of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>ℏ</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0.98</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. In the first case, a single scroll forms, while successive cases lead to increased scrolls—reaching up to four by the sixth case. Phase portraits and time series analyses reveal a progression in complexity and chaos, with denser, intertwined scrolls as <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>δ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> increases. This behavior highlights the system’s heightened sensitivity to parameter variations, demonstrating how fractional parameters influence the chaotic dynamics. Our results offer meaningful contributions to both the theoretical foundations and practical applications of chaos theory and fractional calculus, advancing the understanding of chaotic systems in new and impacted ways. <a href="/2504-3110/8/12/699">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/fractalfract/special_issues/CDL7L1B5NW ">Design, Optimization and Applications for Fractional Chaotic System</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/8/12/699/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1531024"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1531024"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1531024" data-cycle-prev="#prev1531024" data-cycle-progressive="#images1531024" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g001-550.jpg?1732712993" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1531024" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g002-550.jpg?1732712994'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g003-550.jpg?1732712995'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g004-550.jpg?1732712996'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g005-550.jpg?1732712996'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g006-550.jpg?1732712997'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g007-550.jpg?1732712998'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g008-550.jpg?1732712998'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g009-550.jpg?1732712999'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g010-550.jpg?1732713000'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g011-550.jpg?1732713000'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g012-550.jpg?1732713001'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g013-550.jpg?1732713002'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g014-550.jpg?1732713002'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g015-550.jpg?1732713003'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g016-550.jpg?1732713004'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g017-550.jpg?1732713004'><p>Figure 17</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g018-550.jpg?1732713005'><p>Figure 18</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g019-550.jpg?1732713006'><p>Figure 19</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g020-550.jpg?1732713006'><p>Figure 20</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='20' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g021-550.jpg?1732713007'><p>Figure 21</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='21' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g022-550.jpg?1732713008'><p>Figure 22</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='22' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g023-550.jpg?1732713008'><p>Figure 23</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='23' data-target='article-1531024-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g024-550.jpg?1732713009'><p>Figure 24</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1531024-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g001-550.jpg?1732712993" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g002-550.jpg?1732712994" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g003-550.jpg?1732712995" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g004-550.jpg?1732712996" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g005-550.jpg?1732712996" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g006-550.jpg?1732712997" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g007-550.jpg?1732712998" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g008-550.jpg?1732712998" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g009-550.jpg?1732712999" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g010-550.jpg?1732713000" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g011-550.jpg?1732713000" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g012-550.jpg?1732713001" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g013-550.jpg?1732713002" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g014-550.jpg?1732713002" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g015-550.jpg?1732713003" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g016-550.jpg?1732713004" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g017-550.jpg?1732713004" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g018-550.jpg?1732713005" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g019-550.jpg?1732713006" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g020-550.jpg?1732713006" title=" <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g021-550.jpg?1732713007" title=" <strong>Figure 21</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g022-550.jpg?1732713008" title=" <strong>Figure 22</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g023-550.jpg?1732713008" title=" <strong>Figure 23</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/fractalfract/fractalfract-08-00699/article_deploy/html/images/fractalfract-08-00699-g024-550.jpg?1732713009" title=" <strong>Figure 24</strong><br/> <p>Phase portrait of x-y-z plane.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-3110/8/12/699'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 30 pages, 6733 KiB   </span> <a href="/2504-446X/8/12/707/pdf?version=1732683560" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Construction of a Deep Learning Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Assisted Safe Lightweight Industrial Quality Inspection in Complex Environments" data-journal="drones"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2504-446X/8/12/707">Construction of a Deep Learning Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Assisted Safe Lightweight Industrial Quality Inspection in Complex Environments</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhongyuan Jing</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ruyan Wang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Drones</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>8</em>(12), 707; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8120707">https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8120707</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> With the development of mobile communication technology and the proliferation of the number of Internet of Things (IoT) terminal devices, a large amount of data and intelligent applications are emerging at the edge of the Internet, giving rise to the demand for edge <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/8/12/707/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> With the development of mobile communication technology and the proliferation of the number of Internet of Things (IoT) terminal devices, a large amount of data and intelligent applications are emerging at the edge of the Internet, giving rise to the demand for edge intelligence. In this context, federated learning, as a new distributed machine learning method, becomes one of the key technologies to realize edge intelligence. Traditional edge intelligence networks usually rely on terrestrial communication base stations as parameter servers to manage communication and computation tasks among devices. However, this fixed infrastructure is difficult to adapt to the complex and ever-changing heterogeneous network environment. With its high degree of flexibility and mobility, the introduction of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into the federated learning framework can provide enhanced communication, computation, and caching services in edge intelligence networks, but the limited communication bandwidth and unreliable communication environment increase system uncertainty and may lead to a decrease in overall energy efficiency. To address the above problems, this paper designs a UAV-assisted federated learning with a privacy-preserving and efficient data sharing method, Communication-efficient and Privacy-protection for FL (CP-FL). A network-sparsifying pruning training method based on a channel importance mechanism is proposed to transform the pruning training process into a constrained optimization problem. A quantization-aware training method is proposed to automate the learning of quantization bitwidths to improve the adaptability between features and data representation accuracy. In addition, differential privacy is applied to the uplink data on this basis to further protect data privacy. After the model parameters are aggregated on the pilot UAV, the model is subjected to knowledge distillation to reduce the amount of downlink data without affecting the utility. Experiments on real-world datasets validate the effectiveness of the scheme. The experimental results show that compared with other federated learning frameworks, the CP-FL approach can effectively mitigate the communication overhead, as well as the computation overhead, and has the same outstanding advantage in terms of the balance between privacy and usability in differential privacy preservation. <a href="/2504-446X/8/12/707">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/drones/special_issues/SwarmFEC ">Mobile Fog and Edge Computing in Drone Swarms</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/8/12/707/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530359"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530359"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530359" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530359" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530359" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g001-550.jpg?1732683630" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530359" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g002-550.jpg?1732683631'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g003-550.jpg?1732683636'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g004-550.jpg?1732683638'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g005-550.jpg?1732683640'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g006-550.jpg?1732683642'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g007-550.jpg?1732683643'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g008-550.jpg?1732683644'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g009-550.jpg?1732683645'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g010-550.jpg?1732683646'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g011-550.jpg?1732683648'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g012-550.jpg?1732683648'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g013-550.jpg?1732683649'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g014-550.jpg?1732683650'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g015-550.jpg?1732683652'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g016-550.jpg?1732683653'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1530359-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g017-550.jpg?1732683654'><p>Figure 17</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530359-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g001-550.jpg?1732683630" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Example of a workplace for UAV-assisted industrial quality inspection.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g002-550.jpg?1732683631" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>The architecture of CP-FL.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g003-550.jpg?1732683636" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Algorithm flow diagram.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g004-550.jpg?1732683638" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Schematic of knowledge distillation and federal learning processes. The teacher model generates soft labels for training the student model. Local updates are performed on the client, and the updated parameters are aggregated globally by the server.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g005-550.jpg?1732683640" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Diagram of the ConvNeXt network model (using depth-separable convolution to decouple the fusion of spatial information and the fusion of channel information, expanding the overall width of the model).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g006-550.jpg?1732683642" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Impact of different schemes on the performance of ResNet on MNIST.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g007-550.jpg?1732683643" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Impact of different schemes on the performance of ResNet on CIFAR-10.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g008-550.jpg?1732683644" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Performance test of model with different pruning rate based on MNIST dataset.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g009-550.jpg?1732683645" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Performance test of models with different pruning rates based on CIFAR-10 dataset.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g010-550.jpg?1732683646" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Layer-wise quantization bit statistics for VGG16.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g011-550.jpg?1732683648" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Layer-wise compression ratio statistics for VGG16.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g012-550.jpg?1732683648" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Classification accuracy of the CP-FL framework for participant models on the MNIST dataset.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g013-550.jpg?1732683649" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Classification accuracy of the CP-FL framework for participant models on the DTB70 dataset.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g014-550.jpg?1732683650" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Variation in accuracy on the CIFAR-10 dataset.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g015-550.jpg?1732683652" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Variation in the loss function on the CIFAR-10 dataset.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g016-550.jpg?1732683653" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Loss function vs. rounds for compression methods on MNIST.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/drones/drones-08-00707/article_deploy/html/images/drones-08-00707-g017-550.jpg?1732683654" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>Loss function vs. rounds for compression method on CIFAR-10.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2504-446X/8/12/707'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 338 KiB   </span> <a href="/2410-387X/8/4/54/pdf?version=1732706949" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="New Weak Keys with Parity Patterns in the RC4 Stream Cipher" data-journal="cryptography"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2410-387X/8/4/54">New Weak Keys with Parity Patterns in the RC4 Stream Cipher</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Evaristo José Madarro-Capó</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carlos Miguel Legón-Pérez </strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Guillermo Sosa-Gómez</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Omar Rojas</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Cryptography</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>8</em>(4), 54; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8040054">https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8040054</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The RC4 cryptographic algorithm is the most extensively studied stream cipher of the past two decades. This extensive research has resulted in numerous publications, many of which identify various vulnerabilities. Although these vulnerabilities do not preclude the correct use of the algorithm, they <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/8/4/54/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The RC4 cryptographic algorithm is the most extensively studied stream cipher of the past two decades. This extensive research has resulted in numerous publications, many of which identify various vulnerabilities. Although these vulnerabilities do not preclude the correct use of the algorithm, they complicate its practical implementation. In this paper, we present a novel weakness in the RC4 cipher. Our findings indicate that, for input keys exhibiting certain patterns, the parity of the values in the output permutation of the KSA can be determined with high probability from the parity of its position in the output permutation. Furthermore, the use of keys with these specific patterns leads to noticeable distortions in several bytes of the RC4 output. <a href="/2410-387X/8/4/54">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/cryptography/special_issues/1MHH018213 ">Advances in Symmetric Cryptography and Data Integrity</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/8/4/54/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530924"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530924"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530924" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530924" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530924" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530924-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cryptography/cryptography-08-00054/article_deploy/html/images/cryptography-08-00054-g001-550.jpg?1732707030" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530924" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530924-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cryptography/cryptography-08-00054/article_deploy/html/images/cryptography-08-00054-g002-550.jpg?1732707032'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530924-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cryptography/cryptography-08-00054/article_deploy/html/images/cryptography-08-00054-g003-550.jpg?1732707034'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530924-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cryptography/cryptography-08-00054/article_deploy/html/images/cryptography-08-00054-g001-550.jpg?1732707030" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Parity distribution of the first 16 output bytes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-387X/8/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cryptography/cryptography-08-00054/article_deploy/html/images/cryptography-08-00054-g002-550.jpg?1732707032" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of the value 1 over the indices of the permutation. (<b>a</b>) All positions. (<b>b</b>) Without the first position.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-387X/8/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cryptography/cryptography-08-00054/article_deploy/html/images/cryptography-08-00054-g003-550.jpg?1732707034" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of element 0 over the permutation indices. (<b>a</b>) All positions. (<b>b</b>) Without the second position.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2410-387X/8/4/54'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1531010" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1531010" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1531010" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2306-7381/11/12/601/s1?version=1732711960"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 20579 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 9821 KiB   </span> <a href="/2306-7381/11/12/601/pdf?version=1732711959" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Exploring Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing in Duck Embryonic Myoblasts via Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing" data-journal="vetsci"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2306-7381/11/12/601">Exploring Gene Expression and Alternative Splicing in Duck Embryonic Myoblasts via Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jintao Wu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shuibing Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dongcheng Jiang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ya’nan Zhou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hongxia Jiang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiaoyun Xiao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Boqian Zha</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yukai Fang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jie Huang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiaolong Hu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Huirong Mao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sanfeng Liu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Biao Chen</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Vet. Sci.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>11</em>(12), 601; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120601">https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120601</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The duck industry is vital for supplying high-quality protein, making research into the development of duck skeletal muscle critical for improving meat and egg production. In this study, we leveraged Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing to perform full-length transcriptome sequencing of myoblasts harvested <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/601/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The duck industry is vital for supplying high-quality protein, making research into the development of duck skeletal muscle critical for improving meat and egg production. In this study, we leveraged Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing to perform full-length transcriptome sequencing of myoblasts harvested from the leg muscles of duck embryos at embryonic day 13 (E13), specifically examining both the proliferative (GM) and differentiation (DM) phases. Our analysis identified a total of 5797 novel transcripts along with 2332 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), revealing substantial changes in gene expression linked to muscle development. We detected 3653 differentially expressed genes and 2246 instances of alternative splicing, with key genes involved in essential pathways, such as ECM–receptor interaction and Notch signaling, prominently featured. Additionally, we constructed a protein–protein interaction network that highlighted critical regulators—<i>MYOM3</i>, <i>MYL2</i>, <i>MYL1</i>, <i>TNNI2</i>, and <i>ACTN2</i>—associated with the processes of proliferation and differentiation in myoblasts. This extensive transcriptomic investigation not only sheds light on the intricate molecular mechanisms driving skeletal muscle development in ducks but also provides significant insights for future breeding strategies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of duck production. The results emphasize the efficacy of ONT sequencing in uncovering complex regulatory networks within avian species, ultimately contributing to progress in animal husbandry. <a href="/2306-7381/11/12/601">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/601/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1531010"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1531010"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1531010" data-cycle-prev="#prev1531010" data-cycle-progressive="#images1531010" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1531010-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g001-550.jpg?1732712038" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1531010" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1531010-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g002-550.jpg?1732712042'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1531010-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g003-550.jpg?1732712044'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1531010-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g004-550.jpg?1732712049'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1531010-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g005-550.jpg?1732712056'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1531010-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g006-550.jpg?1732712060'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1531010-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g007-550.jpg?1732712061'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1531010-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g001-550.jpg?1732712038" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Duck primary embryonic myogenesis. (<b>A</b>) Myoblasts after differential adhesion. (<b>B</b>) Differentiating myoblasts on 48 h (myotubes).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2306-7381/11/12/601'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g002-550.jpg?1732712042" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Analysis of new transcripts and variable splicing. (<b>A</b>) Number of new transcripts and genes. (<b>B</b>) Type and number of novel transcripts. ‘o’ denotes regions on the same strand overlapping with reference exons, ‘j’ signifies at least one matching multi-exon, ‘x’ represents exon overlap on the opposite strand, ‘I’ indicates introns completely contained within the reference transcript, and ‘u’ denotes unknown new transcripts. (<b>C</b>) Nr annotation statistics. (<b>D</b>) GO enrichment results of novel transcripts. (<b>E</b>) KEGG enrichment results of novel transcripts.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2306-7381/11/12/601'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g003-550.jpg?1732712044" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Alternative splicing types. SSR analysis and lncRNA identification. (<b>A</b>) Average percentage of each type of alternative splicing in GM samples. (<b>B</b>) Average percentage of each type of alternative splicing in DM samples. (<b>C</b>) Number and type of SSRs. (<b>D</b>) Venn diagram of predicted lncRNAs by the CNCI, CPC, and PLEK. (<b>E</b>) Statistics of lncRNA number.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2306-7381/11/12/601'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g004-550.jpg?1732712049" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>LncRNAs’ function prediction. (<b>A</b>) Number of cis-regulated lncRNA mRNA pairs. (<b>B</b>) Cis-acting lncRNAs on muscle-related genes. (<b>C</b>) Number of trans-regulated LncRNA mRNA pairs. (<b>D</b>) Trans-acting lncRNAs on muscle-related genes. (<b>E</b>) GO enrichment analysis of the cis-regulated target gene. (<b>F</b>) KEGG analysis of the cis-regulated target gene. (<b>G</b>) GO enrichment analysis of the trans-regulated target gene. (<b>H</b>) KEGG analysis of the trans-regulated target gene.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2306-7381/11/12/601'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g005-550.jpg?1732712056" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Differentially expressed gene analysis. (<b>A</b>) Principal component analysis (PCA) of all samples using sequencing data. (<b>B</b>) Differentially expressed gene volcano map. (<b>C</b>) Differentially expressed gene heat map. (<b>D</b>) Differentially expressed gene GO enrichment analysis. (<b>E</b>) Differentially expressed gene KEGG analysis.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2306-7381/11/12/601'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g006-550.jpg?1732712060" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Protein–protein interaction network diagram. Darker colors indicate greater numbers of neighbor nodes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2306-7381/11/12/601'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00601/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00601-g007-550.jpg?1732712061" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>RT-qPCR validation of the sequencing data. (<b>A</b>) Relative expression of mRNAs in GM and DM groups using RT-qPCR; (<b>B</b>) TPM of mRNAs in GM and DM groups in the ONT sequencing. TPM: Transcripts per million. Values are presented as the mean ± SEM. * indicates <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, and ** indicates <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01, *** indicates <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001. GM indicates the proliferating myoblast group. DM indicates the differentiated myoblast group.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2306-7381/11/12/601'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 11 pages, 1619 KiB   </span> <a href="/2306-7381/11/12/600/pdf?version=1732702540" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Molecular Investigations of Babesia caballi from Clinically Healthy Horses in Southwestern Romania" data-journal="vetsci"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2306-7381/11/12/600">Molecular Investigations of <i>Babesia caballi</i> from Clinically Healthy Horses in Southwestern Romania</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Simona Giubega</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marius Stelian Ilie</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sorin Morariu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mirela Imre</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cristian Dreghiciu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tatiana Rugea</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Simina Ivascu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gheorghița Simion</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gheorghe Dărăbuș</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Vet. Sci.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>11</em>(12), 600; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120600">https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120600</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> <i>Babesia caballi</i> is a tick-borne hemoparasite that causes equine piroplasmosis. It has a significant economic impact, decreasing performance and affecting animal welfare. This study aimed to identify <i>B. caballi</i> DNA in the blood of horses from households in the southwestern and western regions <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/600/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> <i>Babesia caballi</i> is a tick-borne hemoparasite that causes equine piroplasmosis. It has a significant economic impact, decreasing performance and affecting animal welfare. This study aimed to identify <i>B. caballi</i> DNA in the blood of horses from households in the southwestern and western regions of Romania. We included 310 animals, from which blood was collected via EDTA. To test the samples for the <i>B. caballi</i> parasite genome, we used real-time PCR and conventional PCR. The prevalence of <i>B. caballi</i> was 5.81% (18/310) in apparently healthy horses, suggesting that this parasite is enzootic in the regions studied, although veterinarians did not indicate any symptoms resembling clinical babesiosis. In Romania, there are insufficient epidemiologic data on equine babesiosis, and the results of the present study suggest the need for further investigations into the dynamics of transmission and to identify potential prevention and control strategies. <a href="/2306-7381/11/12/600">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/vetsci/sections/Microbiology_Immunology">Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/600/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530825"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530825"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530825" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530825" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530825" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530825-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00600/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00600-g001-550.jpg?1732702750" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530825" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530825-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00600/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00600-g002-550.jpg?1732702751'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530825-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00600/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00600-g003-550.jpg?1732702752'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530825-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00600/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00600-g001-550.jpg?1732702750" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Origin of the samples by county.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2306-7381/11/12/600'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00600/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00600-g002-550.jpg?1732702751" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Cycle threshold values in positive samples (blue) compared with their mean (orange) (29.74083).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2306-7381/11/12/600'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00600/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00600-g003-550.jpg?1732702752" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>PCR gel electrophoresis of the 18S rRNA gene of <span class="html-italic">B. caballi</span> isolates. Line 1, 100 bp DNA ladder (BIOLINE<sup>®</sup> UK Ltd., London, UK); Line 2, positive control (<span class="html-italic">B. caballi</span>); Line 3, negative control; Lane 4, positive sample; Lines 5–6, negative samples; Lines 7–10, positive samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2306-7381/11/12/600'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1530373" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1530373" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1530373" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2306-7381/11/12/599/s1?version=1732686673"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 86 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 983 KiB   </span> <a href="/2306-7381/11/12/599/pdf?version=1732686672" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="A Systematic Review on the Impact of Vaccination for Respiratory Disease on Antibody Titer Responses, Health, and Performance in Beef and Dairy Cattle" data-journal="vetsci"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Systematic Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2306-7381/11/12/599">A Systematic Review on the Impact of Vaccination for Respiratory Disease on Antibody Titer Responses, Health, and Performance in Beef and Dairy Cattle</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hudson R. McAllister</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Bradly I. Ramirez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Molly E. Crews</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Laura M. Rey</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexis C. Thompson</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sarah F. Capik</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Matthew A. Scott</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Vet. Sci.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>11</em>(12), 599; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120599">https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120599</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex commonly affecting beef and dairy operations. Vaccination against major BRD-related pathogens is routinely performed for disease prevention; however, uniform reporting of health and performance outcomes is infrequent. Our objective was to evaluate the effect <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/599/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex commonly affecting beef and dairy operations. Vaccination against major BRD-related pathogens is routinely performed for disease prevention; however, uniform reporting of health and performance outcomes is infrequent. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of commercially available BRD-pathogen vaccination on titer response with respect to health or performance in beef and dairy cattle. This study was conducted under Prisma 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews and PRESS guidelines utilizing five databases. Criteria for study inclusion were as follows: research conducted in the USA or Canada, between 1982 and 10 October 2022, on beef or dairy cattle, using a commercially available vaccine labeled for a respiratory pathogen of interest, which evaluated antibody titers alongside either performance or morbidity. A total of 3020 records underwent title and abstract evaluation. Full-text analysis was conducted on 466 reports; 101 studies were included in the final review. Approximately 74% of included studies were beef cattle-based versus 26% dairy cattle-based. This review aimed to assess how vaccination titer responses affect beef and dairy cattle health and performance, but varying study methods made comparisons difficult, highlighting the need for consistent reporting. <a href="/2306-7381/11/12/599">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/vetsci/special_issues/F5S71ZZGEJ ">Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Bovine Respiratory Diseases—2nd Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/599/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530373-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00599/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00599-g001-550.jpg?1732686836" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1530373-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/vetsci/vetsci-11-00599/article_deploy/html/images/vetsci-11-00599-g001-550.jpg?1732686836" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>PRISMA flowchart for the systematic review on impact of vaccination for respiratory disease on antibody titer responses, health, and performance in beef and dairy cattle.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2306-7381/11/12/599'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 1628 KiB   </span> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3825/pdf?version=1732704136" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Recent Advance on Biological Activity and Toxicity of Arecoline in Edible Areca (Betel) Nut: A Review" data-journal="foods"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2304-8158/13/23/3825">Recent Advance on Biological Activity and Toxicity of Arecoline in Edible Areca (Betel) Nut: A Review</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gang Huang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Deyong Zeng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tisong Liang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yaping Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fang Cui</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haitian Zhao</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Weihong Lu</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Foods</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>(23), 3825; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233825">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233825</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Areca nut (<i>Areca catechu</i> L. AN), which is the dried, mature seed of the palm species <i>Areca catechu</i> L., is consumed by over 600 million individuals, predominantly in South Asia, East Africa, and certain regions of the tropical Pacific. The International Agency <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3825/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Areca nut (<i>Areca catechu</i> L. AN), which is the dried, mature seed of the palm species <i>Areca catechu</i> L., is consumed by over 600 million individuals, predominantly in South Asia, East Africa, and certain regions of the tropical Pacific. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified it as a species carcinogenic to humans and designated it as a Group 1 human carcinogen. Arecoline, which has attracted attention for its therapeutic potential in the treatment of mental illness and the relief of gastrointestinal disorders, is the main active alkaloid in the areca nut. However, in 2020, the IARC said that arecoline might be a “probable human carcinogen”. Arecoline can cause various types of cellular damage, primarily leading to the destruction of cell morphology, reduced survival rates, abnormal physiological functions, and even cell apoptosis. The research on its toxic mechanisms includes several aspects, such as increased levels of reactive oxygen species, autophagy, epigenetic dysregulation, and immune dysfunction, but these research findings are scattered and lack systematic integration. This article summarizes the effect mechanisms of arecoline on the oral cavity, neurological and cardiovascular systems, and other organs, as well as embryogenesis, and provides detailed and valuable insights for the clinical practice and targeted therapy of arecoline. <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3825">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/foods/sections/food_toxicology">Food Toxicology</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3825/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530836"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530836"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530836" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530836" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530836" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530836-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03825/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03825-g001-550.jpg?1732704215" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530836" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530836-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03825/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03825-g002-550.jpg?1732704217'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530836-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03825/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03825-g003-550.jpg?1732704219'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530836-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03825/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03825-g001-550.jpg?1732704215" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The alkaloid structures in several common areca nuts [<a href="#B16-foods-13-03825" class="html-bibr">16</a>]. (1. arecoline; 2. arecaidine; 3. arecolidine; 4. norarecoline hydrochloride; 5. guvacine hydrochloride; 6. N-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydrogen-pyridine-3-ethyl carboxylate; 7. isoguvacine; 8. homoarecolin; 9. methyl nicotinate; 10. ethyl nicotinate; 11. N-methylpiperidine-3-methylcarboxylate; 12. N-methylpiperidine-3-ethyl carboxylate; 13. trigonelline; 14. nicotine; 15. cotinine; 16. caffeine; 17. febrifugine; 18. vicine; 19. hordenine; 20. dophoridine).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3825'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03825/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03825-g002-550.jpg?1732704217" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>A potential mechanism for the development of arecoline-induced OSF and OSCC [<a href="#B45-foods-13-03825" class="html-bibr">45</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3825'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03825/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03825-g003-550.jpg?1732704219" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>The effect mechanisms of arecoline on human organs [<a href="#B45-foods-13-03825" class="html-bibr">45</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3825'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 7826 KiB   </span> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3826/pdf?version=1732713348" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Automation and Optimization of Food Process Using CNN and Six-Axis Robotic Arm" data-journal="foods"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2304-8158/13/23/3826">Automation and Optimization of Food Process Using CNN and Six-Axis Robotic Arm</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Youngjin Kim</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sangoh Kim</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Foods</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>(23), 3826; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233826">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233826</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The Food Process Robot Intelligent System (FPRIS) integrates a 3D-printed six-axis robotic arm with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Vision (CV) to optimize and automate the coffee roasting process. As an application of FPRIS coffee roasting, this system uses a Convolutional Neural Network <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3826/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The Food Process Robot Intelligent System (FPRIS) integrates a 3D-printed six-axis robotic arm with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Vision (CV) to optimize and automate the coffee roasting process. As an application of FPRIS coffee roasting, this system uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify coffee beans inside the roaster and control the roaster in real time, avoiding obstacles and empty spaces. This study demonstrates FPRIS’s capability to precisely control the Degree of Roasting (DoR) by combining gas and image sensor data to assess coffee bean quality. A comparative analysis between the Preliminary Coffee Sample (PCS) and Validation Coffee Sample (VCS) revealed that increasing roast intensity resulted in consistent trends for both samples, including an increase in weight loss and Gas sensor Initial Difference (GID) and a decrease in Sum of Pixel Grayscale Values (SPGVs). This study underscores the potential of FPRIS to enhance precision and efficiency in coffee roasting. Future studies will expand on these findings by testing FPRIS across various food processes, potentially establishing a universal automation system for the food industry. <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3826">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/foods/special_issues/9041339CMR ">Artificial Intelligence for the Food Industry</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3826/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1531033"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1531033"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1531033" data-cycle-prev="#prev1531033" data-cycle-progressive="#images1531033" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1531033-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g001-550.jpg?1732713439" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1531033" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1531033-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g002-550.jpg?1732713441'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1531033-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g003-550.jpg?1732713443'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1531033-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g004-550.jpg?1732713444'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1531033-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g005-550.jpg?1732713446'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1531033-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g006-550.jpg?1732713447'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1531033-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g007-550.jpg?1732713448'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1531033-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g008-550.jpg?1732713450'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1531033-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g009-550.jpg?1732713451'><p>Figure 9</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1531033-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g001-550.jpg?1732713439" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The 6-axis robotic arm designed.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3826'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g002-550.jpg?1732713441" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Roasting Data Acquisition Device (RDAD) with Roasting Blackout Chamber (RBC).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3826'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g003-550.jpg?1732713443" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Coffee bean images; (<b>b</b>) non-coffee bean images with cavities and obstacles.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3826'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g004-550.jpg?1732713444" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Structure of the BFCNN.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3826'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g005-550.jpg?1732713446" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>The flow of FPRIS.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3826'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g006-550.jpg?1732713447" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The training results of BFCNN.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3826'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g007-550.jpg?1732713448" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Grayscale histogram.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3826'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g008-550.jpg?1732713450" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Comparative analysis results of PCS and VCS data. (The results of this study are expressed as the mean of triplicate samples with mean ± standard deviation. The error bars in the graph represent the standard deviation for each sample, visualizing the variability within repeated measurements. Values with different letters [A, B, C] within the same column are significantly different [<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05] according to Duncan’s multiple range test. Statistical significance is indicated by <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01, and <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001.)</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3826'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03826/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03826-g009-550.jpg?1732713451" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Chromaticity analysis results of PCS and VCS. (The results of this study are expressed as the mean of triplicate samples with mean ± standard deviation. The error bars in the graph represent the standard deviation for each sample, visualizing the variability within repeated measurements. Values with different letters [A, B, C] within the same column are significantly different [<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05] according to Duncan’s multiple range test. Statistical significance is indicated by <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01, and <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3826'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1530838" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1530838" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1530838" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3824/s1?version=1732702920"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 663 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 3793 KiB   </span> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3824/pdf?version=1732702919" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Effect of Ceramides Derivatives from the Peach on Skin Function Improvement in UV-Irradiated Hairless Mice" data-journal="foods"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2304-8158/13/23/3824">Effect of Ceramides Derivatives from the Peach on Skin Function Improvement in UV-Irradiated Hairless Mice</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jinhee Kim</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Minhee Lee</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wonhee Cho</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Eunhee Yoo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jinhak Kim</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuri Gwon</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Musashi Okayasu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jeongmin Lee</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Foods</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>(23), 3824; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233824">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233824</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study investigated the protective effects of a ceramides derivates from the peach (PF3) on photoaging by UV-irradiated hairless mice. Mice were randomly divided into seven groups: AIN93G without UVB exposure (normal control, NC), AIN93G with UVB exposure (control, C), AIN93G supplemented 100 <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3824/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study investigated the protective effects of a ceramides derivates from the peach (PF3) on photoaging by UV-irradiated hairless mice. Mice were randomly divided into seven groups: AIN93G without UVB exposure (normal control, NC), AIN93G with UVB exposure (control, C), AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of L-ascorbic acid with UVB exposure (AA), AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg BW of arbutin with UVB exposure (Arbutin), AIN93G supplemented 10 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB exposure (10PF3), AIN93G supplemented 20 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB exposure (20PF3), and AIN93G supplemented 40 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB exposure (40PF3). The study examined the impact of PF3 on skin hydration, wrinkle formation, and melanogenesis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), and Western blot analysis. The PF3 demonstrated significant protective effects against photoaging by reducing skin wrinkle formation, decreasing epidermal and dermal thickening, and improving skin hydration. It also enhanced the expression of moisture-related factors (hyaluronic acid synthase [HAS], long-chain ceramides [LCBs], dihydroceramide desaturase 1 [DEGS1], and type I collagen [COL1A]) and antioxidant enzyme activities while reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. The PF3 supplementation positively modulated skin wrinkle formation-related factors, increasing collagen-related gene expression and decreasing matrix metalloproteinases. Additionally, PF3 showed potential in regulating melanogenesis by reducing the nitric oxide and cAMP content, as well as the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins. These comprehensive findings suggest that PF3 supplementation may be an effective strategy for preventing and treating UVB-induced skin photoaging through multiple mechanisms, including improved skin structure, hydration, antioxidant defense, and reduced inflammation and pigmentation. <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3824">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/foods/sections/Food_Function_Nutrition">Food Nutrition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3824/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530838"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530838"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530838" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530838" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530838" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530838-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g001-550.jpg?1732702987" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530838" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530838-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g002-550.jpg?1732702991'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530838-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g003-550.jpg?1732702994'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530838-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g004-550.jpg?1732702995'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530838-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g005-550.jpg?1732702998'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530838-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g006-550.jpg?1732703001'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530838-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g007-550.jpg?1732703004'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530838-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g001-550.jpg?1732702987" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Effect of PF3 on morphological (<b>A</b>) and histopathological changes (<b>B</b>,<b>C</b>) (epidermal (<b>D</b>) and dermal thickness (<b>E</b>)) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated SKH-I hairless mice. NC, AIN93G without UVB irradiation; C, AIN93G with UVB irradiation; AA, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of L-ascorbic acid with UVB irradiation; Arbutin, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg BW of arbutin with UVB irradiation; 10PF3, AIN93G supplemented 10 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 20PF3, AIN93G supplemented 20 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 40PF3, AIN93G supplemented 40 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation. Data represent the mean ± SD (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). Different letters (a–f) represent significant differences at <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple rang test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3824'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g002-550.jpg?1732702991" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Effect of PF3 on skin hydration (<b>A</b>) and mRNA expression of HAS1 (<b>B</b>), HAS2 (<b>C</b>), HAS3 (<b>D</b>), LCB1 (<b>E</b>), DEGS1 (<b>F</b>), and Fibrillin-1 (<b>G</b>) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated SKH-I hairless mice. NC, AIN93G without UVB irradiation; C, AIN93G with UVB irradiation; AA, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of L-ascorbic acid with UVB irradiation; Arbutin, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg BW of arbutin with UVB irradiation; 10PF3, AIN93G supplemented 10 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 20PF3, AIN93G supplemented 20 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 40PF3, AIN93G supplemented 40 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation. Data represent the mean ± SD (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). Different letters (a–e) represent significant differences at <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple rang test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3824'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g003-550.jpg?1732702994" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Effect of PF3 on mRNA expression of IL-1β (<b>A</b>), IL-6 (<b>B</b>), TNF-α (<b>C</b>), SOD activity (<b>D</b>), catalase activity (<b>E</b>), and GPx activity (<b>F</b>) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated SKH-I hairless mice. NC, AIN93G without UVB irradiation; C, AIN93G with UVB irradiation; AA, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of L-ascorbic acid with UVB irradiation; Arbutin, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg BW of arbutin with UVB irradiation; 10PF3, AIN93G supplemented 10 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 20PF3, AIN93G supplemented 20 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 40PF3, AIN93G supplemented 40 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation. Data represent the mean ± SD (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). Different letters (a–e) represent significant differences at <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple rang test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3824'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g004-550.jpg?1732702995" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Effect of PF3 on protein expression of p-IκBα/IκBα (<b>A</b>), p-p65/p65 (<b>B</b>), and COX-2 (<b>C</b>) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated SKH-I hairless mice. NC, AIN93G without UVB irradiation; C, AIN93G with UVB irradiation; AA, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of L-ascorbic acid with UVB irradiation; Arbutin, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg BW of arbutin with UVB irradiation; 10PF3, AIN93G supplemented 10 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 20PF3, AIN93G supplemented 20 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 40PF3, AIN93G supplemented 40 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation. Data represent the mean ± SD (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). Different letters (a–d) represent significant differences at <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple rang test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3824'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g005-550.jpg?1732702998" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Effect of PF3 on mRNA expression of TGFβR1 (<b>A</b>), PCOLCE (<b>B</b>), Procollagen (<b>C</b>), p-Smad3/Smad3 (<b>D</b>), and Collagen type I (<b>E</b>) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated SKH-I hairless mice. NC, AIN93G without UVB irradiation; C, AIN93G with UVB irradiation; AA, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of L-ascorbic acid with UVB irradiation; Arbutin, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg BW of arbutin with UVB irradiation; 10PF3, AIN93G supplemented 10 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 20PF3, AIN93G supplemented 20 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 40PF3, AIN93G supplemented 40 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation. Data represent the mean ± SD (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). Different letters (a–e) represent significant differences at <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple rang test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3824'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g006-550.jpg?1732703001" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Effect of PF3 on protein expression of MMP-1 (<b>A</b>), MMP-2 (<b>B</b>), MMP-3 (<b>C</b>), MMP-9 (<b>D</b>), p-JNK/JNK (<b>E</b>), p-c-Jun/c-Jun (<b>F</b>), and p-c-Fos/c-Fos (<b>G</b>) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated SKH-I hairless mice. NC, AIN93G without UVB irradiation; C, AIN93G with UVB irradiation; AA, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of L-ascorbic acid with UVB irradiation; Arbutin, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg BW of arbutin with UVB irradiation; 10PF3, AIN93G supplemented 10 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 20PF3, AIN93G supplemented 20 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 40PF3, AIN93G supplemented 40 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation. Data represent the mean ± SD (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). Different letters (a–d) represent significant differences at <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple rang test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3824'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03824/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03824-g007-550.jpg?1732703004" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Effect of PF3 on levels of nitric oxide (<b>A</b>) and cAMP (<b>B</b>), protein expression of PKA (<b>C</b>), p-CREB/CREB (<b>D</b>), MITF (<b>E</b>), TRP-1 (<b>F</b>), and TRP-2 (<b>G</b>) in the dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated SKH-I hairless mice. NC, AIN93G without UVB irradiation; C, AIN93G with UVB irradiation; AA, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of L-ascorbic acid with UVB irradiation; Arbutin, AIN93G supplemented 100 mg/kg BW of arbutin with UVB irradiation; 10PF3, AIN93G supplemented 10 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 20PF3, AIN93G supplemented 20 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation; 40PF3, AIN93G supplemented 40 mg/kg BW of PF3 with UVB irradiation. Data represent the mean ± SD (<span class="html-italic">n</span> = 8). Different letters (a–e) represent significant differences at <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, as determined by Duncan’s multiple rang test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3824'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 20 pages, 2986 KiB   </span> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3823/pdf?version=1732701718" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Evaluation of Quality of Nitrite-Free Fermented Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) Sausage with Addition of Ascorbic Acid and Reduced NaCl" data-journal="foods"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2304-8158/13/23/3823">Evaluation of Quality of Nitrite-Free Fermented Roe Deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>) Sausage with Addition of Ascorbic Acid and Reduced NaCl</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Karolina M. Wójciak</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Paulina Kęska</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Miroslava Kačániová</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Natália Čmiková</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elżbieta Solska</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Agata Ogórek</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Foods</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>(23), 3823; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233823">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233823</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study aimed to investigate the possibility of producing fermented roe deer sausages using acid whey without the addition of sodium nitrite. Additionally, ascorbic acid was added to improve the oxidative stability of the product, and sodium chloride (NaCl) was partially replaced by <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3823/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study aimed to investigate the possibility of producing fermented roe deer sausages using acid whey without the addition of sodium nitrite. Additionally, ascorbic acid was added to improve the oxidative stability of the product, and sodium chloride (NaCl) was partially replaced by potassium chloride (KCl) (7:3). The sausages were analyzed after fermentation (on day 30) and during post-production aging (i.e., 60 and 90 days after production at 4 °C) for their pH, water activity (a<sub>w</sub>), redox potential (ORP), thiobarbituric acid value (TBARS), and color parameters (CIE L*, a*, and b*). The microbiological status of the products was also profiled. During aging, the a<sub>w</sub> and pH values were significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the variant with the addition of ascorbic acid. In all samples with the addition of acid whey, an increase in the TBARS value compared to the variant with sodium nitrite was observed, but among them, the variant with the substitution of NaCl by KCl was characterized by the lowest intensity of lipid oxidation. During post-production aging, the effect of acid whey on the loss of redness (a*) of the roe deer sausages was confirmed, with the lowest a* observed in samples with the addition of ascorbic acid. A total of 281 and 219 isolates with high scores were identified in the fermented deer sausages after fermentation (30 days) and storage (90 days), respectively. The most frequently isolated species from the fermented roe deer sausages were from the <i>Latilactobacillu</i> genus (<i>Latilactobacillus curvatus, Lati-lactobacillus sakei</i> subsp. <i>carnosus)</i> and <i>Leuconostoc</i> genus (<i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i>, <i>L. mesenteroides</i> subsp. <i>dextrani-cum</i>, and <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides</i>). <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3823">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/foods/sections/food_biotechnology">Food Biotechnology</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3823/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530787"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530787"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530787" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530787" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530787" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530787-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g001-550.jpg?1732701856" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530787" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530787-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g002-550.jpg?1732701858'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530787-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g003-550.jpg?1732701860'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530787-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g004-550.jpg?1732701863'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530787-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g005-550.jpg?1732701866'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530787-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g006-550.jpg?1732701867'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530787-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g007-550.jpg?1732701869'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530787-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g001-550.jpg?1732701856" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Roe deer sausages after meat product preparation (1 day; <b>left</b>) and after fermentation stage (30 days; <b>right</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3823'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g002-550.jpg?1732701858" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>The percentage contents of water [%], fat [%], and protein from roe deer sausages. [<sup>a–d</sup>—values marked with different lower case letters differ significantly (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) in the same analysis; C—control sample with sodium nitrite, S1—sample with acid whey and 2.8% NaCl, S2—sample with acid whey, 2.8% NaCl and 0.05% ascorbic acid, S3—sample with acid whey and 2.8% NaCl:KCl (7:3), and S4—sample with acid whey, 2.8% NaCl:KCl (7:3) and 0.05% ascorbic acid].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3823'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g003-550.jpg?1732701860" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>TBARS values in fermented roe deer products during cold storage (4 °C, 90 days) [<sup>A–C</sup>—values marked with different capital letters are significantly different (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) in the same sample; <sup>a–c</sup>—mean values marked with different lowercase letters are significantly different (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) at the same time. The results are presented as means ± standard deviation C—control sample with sodium nitrite, S1—sample with acid whey and 2.8 % NaCl, S2—sample with acid whey, 2.8 % NaCl, and 0.05 % ascorbic acid, S3—sample with acid whey and 2.8% NaCl:KCl (7:3), S4—sample with acid whey, 2.8 % NaCl:KCl (7:3), and 0.05 % ascorbic acid].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3823'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g004-550.jpg?1732701863" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Krona chart: isolated species, genera, and families from fermented deer sausages after the fermentation stage (after 30 days of production).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3823'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g005-550.jpg?1732701866" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Krona chart: isolated species, genera, and families from fermented deer sausages after 90 days of production (4 °C).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3823'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g006-550.jpg?1732701867" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Linear correlation values (r) presented as a heat map.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3823'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03823/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03823-g007-550.jpg?1732701869" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Dendrogram presenting the result of cluster analysis using the agglomeration method (the analysis included significantly differentiating factors (aw, pH, TBARS, and redness (a*))).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3823'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 18 pages, 3967 KiB   </span> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3822/pdf?version=1732701865" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Occurrence, Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Listeria monocytogenes in Chicken Carcasses and Cuts" data-journal="foods"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2304-8158/13/23/3822">Occurrence, Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm-Forming Ability of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in Chicken Carcasses and Cuts</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sarah Panera-Martínez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rosa Capita</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ángela Pedriza-González</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>María Díez-Moura</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Félix Riesco-Peláez</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carlos Alonso-Calleja</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Foods</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>(23), 3822; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233822">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233822</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> A total of 104 samples of chicken meat acquired on the day of slaughter from two slaughterhouses in northwestern Spain were analyzed. These comprised 26 carcasses and 26 cuts from each of the two establishments. An average load of 5.39 ± 0.61 log<sub></sub> <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3822/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> A total of 104 samples of chicken meat acquired on the day of slaughter from two slaughterhouses in northwestern Spain were analyzed. These comprised 26 carcasses and 26 cuts from each of the two establishments. An average load of 5.39 ± 0.61 log<sub>10</sub> cfu/g (total aerobic counts) and 4.90 ± 0.40 log<sub>10</sub> cfu/g (psychrotrophic microorganisms) were obtained, with differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between types of samples and between slaughterhouses. Culturing methods involving isolation based on the UNE-EN-ISO 11290-1:2018 norm and identification of isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the <i>lmo1030</i> gene allowed the detection of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in 75 samples (72.1% of the total; 50.0% of the carcasses and 94.2% of the cuts). The 75 isolates, one for each positive sample, were tested for resistance against a panel of 15 antibiotics of clinical interest by the disc diffusion method. All isolates belonged to the serogroup IIa (multiplex PCR assay) and showed resistance to between four and ten antibiotics, with an average value of 5.7 ± 2.0 resistances per isolate, this rising to 7.0 ± 2.1 when strains with resistance and reduced susceptibility were taken together. A high prevalence of resistance was observed for antibiotics belonging to the cephalosporin and quinolone families. However, the level of resistance was low for antibiotics commonly used to treat listeriosis (e.g., ampicillin or gentamicin). Nine different resistance patterns were noted. One isolate with each resistance pattern was tested for its ability to form biofilms on polystyrene during 72 h at 12 °C. The total biovolume of the biofilms registered through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in the observation field of 16,078.24 μm<sup>2</sup> ranged between 13,967.7 ± 9065.0 μm<sup>3</sup> and 33,478.0 ± 23,874.1 μm<sup>3</sup>, and the biovolume of inactivated bacteria between 0.5 ± 0.4 μm<sup>3</sup> and 179.1 ± 327.6 μm<sup>3</sup>. A direct relationship between the level of resistance to antibiotics and the ability of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains to form biofilms is suggested. <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3822">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/foods/sections/Food_Microbiology">Food Microbiology</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3822/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530788"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530788"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530788" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530788" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530788" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530788-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03822/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03822-g001-550.jpg?1732702080" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530788" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530788-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03822/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03822-g002-550.jpg?1732702082'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530788-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03822/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03822-g003-550.jpg?1732702083'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530788-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03822/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03822-g004-550.jpg?1732702086'><p>Figure 4</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530788-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03822/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03822-g001-550.jpg?1732702080" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Prevalence of <span class="html-italic">Listeria monocytogenes</span> by type of sample (carcasses or cuts) and slaughterhouse (A or B).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3822'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03822/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03822-g002-550.jpg?1732702082" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Percentage of <span class="html-italic">Listeria monocytogenes</span> isolates with resistance, reduced susceptibility or susceptibility to each antibiotic tested. Antibiotics (the data from the two slaughterhouses are compared separately) that do not share any letters present significant differences one from another (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). AMP (ampicillin; 10 µg), OX (oxacillin; 1 µg), FOX (cefoxitin; 30 µg), CTX (cefotaxime; 30 µg), FEP (cefepime; 30 µg), CN (gentamycin; 10 µg), E (erythromycin; 15 µg), VA (vancomycin; 30 µg), SXT (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; 25 µg), RD (rifampicin; 5 µg), TE (tetracycline; 30 µg), C (chloramphenicol; 30 µg), CIP (ciprofloxacin; 5 µg), ENR (enrofloxacin; 5 µg), F (nitrofurantoin; 300 µg).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3822'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03822/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03822-g003-550.jpg?1732702083" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Total biovolume (green bars; left-side <span class="html-italic">y</span>-axis) and biovolume of inactivated bacteria (red line; right-side <span class="html-italic">y</span>-axis) of the biofilms formed on polystyrene (72 h at 12 °C) for each <span class="html-italic">Listeria monocytogenes</span> isolate tested. Data (total biovolume and biovolume of inactivated bacteria were compared separately) with no letters in common are significantly different (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05). One isolate from each of the resistance phenotypes was studied: (1) OX-FOX-CTX-FEP; (2) OX-FOX-CTX-FEP-RD; (3) OX-FOX-CTX-FEP-CIP; (4) OX-FOX-CTX-FEP-SXT; (5) OX-FOX-CTX-FEP-SXT-RD; (6) OX-FOX-CTX-FEP-CIP-ENR; (7) OX-FOX-CTX-FEP-CN-E-RD-TE; (8) OX-FOX-CTX-FEP-CN-E-SXT-RD-TE; (9) OX-FOX-CTX-FEP-CN-E-SXT-RD-TE-CIP. OX (oxacillin; 1 µg), FOX (cefoxitin; 30 µg), CTX (cefotaxime; 30 µg), FEP (cefepime; 30 µg), CN (gentamycin; 10 µg), E (erythromycin; 15 µg), SXT (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; 25 µg), RD (rifampicin; 5 µg), TE (tetracycline; 30 µg), CIP (ciprofloxacin; 5 µg), ENR (enrofloxacin; 5 µg).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3822'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03822/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03822-g004-550.jpg?1732702086" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Three-dimensional reconstructions of the biofilms formed on polystyrene (72 h; 12 °C) by <span class="html-italic">Listeria monocytogenes</span> isolates of different antibiotic resistance patterns. The total biovolume (μm<sup>3</sup>) observed by SYTO9 green staining is not in parentheses, while the biovolume (μm<sup>3</sup>) of inactivated bacteria observed after PI red staining is shown in parentheses. The images (126.8 μm × 126.8 μm) were reconstructed with the IMARIS 9.1 program, with virtual projections of the shadow on the right. OX (oxacillin; 1 µg), FOX (cefoxitin; 30 µg), CTX (cefotaxime; 30 µg), FEP (cefepime; 30 µg), CN (gentamycin; 10 µg), E (erythromycin; 15 µg), SXT (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; 25 µg), RD (rifampicin; 5 µg), TE (tetracycline; 30 µg), CIP (ciprofloxacin; 5 µg), ENR (enrofloxacin; 5 µg).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3822'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 12 pages, 4333 KiB   </span> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3821/pdf?version=1732698250" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Quality Characteristics Changes of the Fat Portion of Chinese Bacon During Processing Based on Physicochemical Properties and Microstructure Studies" data-journal="foods"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2304-8158/13/23/3821">Quality Characteristics Changes of the Fat Portion of Chinese Bacon During Processing Based on Physicochemical Properties and Microstructure Studies</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chuxin Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Enqi He</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Peitao Fu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Leli He</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lei Zhou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Aihua Lou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yan Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haohua Fu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qingwu Shen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jie Luo</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wei Quan</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Foods</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>(23), 3821; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233821">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233821</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In order to elucidate the development of quality properties in the fat portion of Chinese bacon during low-temperature smoking (LTS), raw pork was cured for five days, followed by infusion with smoked liquid and a subsequent ten-day smoking period characterized by alternating high <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3821/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In order to elucidate the development of quality properties in the fat portion of Chinese bacon during low-temperature smoking (LTS), raw pork was cured for five days, followed by infusion with smoked liquid and a subsequent ten-day smoking period characterized by alternating high and low-temperature conditions. The physicochemical characteristics and microstructures of the fat portion of the Chinese bacon were examined at three stages: the raw meat stage (Control), the curing stage (C3d and C5d), and the smoking stage (S5d and S10d). The results showed that LTS increased the hardness, transparency, and b* value of bacon fat. The increased contents of neutral lipids and free fatty acids, increased activities of neutral lipase and lipoxygenase, and increased peroxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value indicated significant lipolysis and lipid oxidation of bacon fat during LTS. After the treatment, a decreased melting point and increased β′- and β-type fat crystal formation were observed in the fat portion. Moreover, the treatment led to disruption of the adipocyte membrane structure. Therefore, the destruction of adipocytes after lipolysis and lipid oxidation during low-temperature smoking treatment might contribute to the development of quality properties of bacon fat portions. Precise control of temperature and time enhances the stability of the fat portion of bacon, thereby improving quality characteristics such as texture and appearance. <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3821">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/foods/special_issues/E92K14185D ">Green Processing Technology of Meat and Meat Products Volume II</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3821/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530624"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530624"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530624" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530624" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530624" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530624-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03821/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03821-g001-550.jpg?1732698375" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530624" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530624-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03821/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03821-g002-550.jpg?1732698377'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530624-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03821/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03821-g001-550.jpg?1732698375" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Changes in the melting and crystallization properties of fat portion of bacon during LTS. (<b>A</b>) The melting curves (measured from −40 °C to 80 °C). (<b>B</b>) Crystallization curves (measured from 80 °C down to −40 °C). (<b>C</b>) Wide-angle X-ray diffractogram of fat portion of bacon.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3821'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03821/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03821-g002-550.jpg?1732698377" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Polarized light microscopy of fat portion cell membrane morphology of bacon.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3821'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1530570" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1530570" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1530570" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3820/s1?version=1732696975"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 151 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 7214 KiB   </span> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3820/pdf?version=1732696974" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Investigating Flavor Enhancement Methods in NaCl-Reduced Chinese Bacon (Larou) by Focusing on Physicochemical Characteristics, Bacterial Diversity, and Volatiles" data-journal="foods"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2304-8158/13/23/3820">Investigating Flavor Enhancement Methods in NaCl-Reduced Chinese Bacon (<i>Larou</i>) by Focusing on Physicochemical Characteristics, Bacterial Diversity, and Volatiles</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Li Yang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hongjun Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Han Wu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xuelian Sun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shuyun Liu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhifei He</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Foods</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>(23), 3820; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233820">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233820</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The higher NaCl concentration of Chinese bacon, which features a unique flavor, is a major restriction to consumption. Investigating the role of NaCl in Chinese bacon (<i>Larou</i>) would be beneficial to optimize the dosage and enhance flavor. This study was conducted <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3820/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The higher NaCl concentration of Chinese bacon, which features a unique flavor, is a major restriction to consumption. Investigating the role of NaCl in Chinese bacon (<i>Larou</i>) would be beneficial to optimize the dosage and enhance flavor. This study was conducted to categorize <i>Larou</i> by comparing the quality of <i>Larou</i> cured with different concentrations of NaCl and then to investigate the methods of flavor enhancement of NaCl-reduced <i>Larou</i>. The results showed that, based on the differences in quality, <i>Larou</i> were categorized into three types, including the low-NaCl type (<4%, LT), the medium-NaCl type (4–8%, MT), and the high-NaCl type (>8%, HT). The vital physicochemical characteristics (PCs), predominant bacteria, and key volatile compounds (VOCs) were different for each type of <i>Larou</i>. The PCs contributing to the regulation of VOCs were total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and pH in LT, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (TBARS) in MT, NaNO<sub>2,</sub> and moisture content in HT. <i>Lactococcus</i> or <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus</i>, and <i>Kocuria</i> were flavor-producing bacteria in LT, MT, and HT, respectively. Vital PCs and predominant bacteria were associated with several key aldehydes, alcohols, and esters in <i>Larou</i>. Increasing the TVB-N, TBARS, and moisture content, decreasing the pH and NaNO<sub>2</sub> properly, and inoculating with <i>Staphylococcus</i> and <i>Kocuria</i> were effective methods to enhance the flavor of LT. Vital PCs and predominant bacteria are prioritized to meet most of the quality and the biosafety, although key VOCs may be sacrificed at this point. <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3820">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/foods/special_issues/3OHIWKJ5T6 ">Animal Source Food Processing and Quality Control</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3820/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530570"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530570"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530570" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530570" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530570" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530570-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-ag-550.jpg?1732697146" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1530570" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530570-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g001-550.jpg?1732697134'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530570-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g002-550.jpg?1732697134'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530570-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g003-550.jpg?1732697136'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530570-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g004-550.jpg?1732697138'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530570-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g005-550.jpg?1732697139'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530570-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g006-550.jpg?1732697141'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1530570-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g007-550.jpg?1732697144'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530570-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-ag-550.jpg?1732697146" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3820'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g001-550.jpg?1732697134" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The sensory evaluation of <span class="html-italic">Larou</span> with different-salinity. (<b>A</b>) T0, (<b>B</b>) T4, (<b>C</b>) T8, (<b>D</b>) T12, (<b>E</b>) T20.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3820'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g002-550.jpg?1732697134" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) analysis of bacterial composition. <span class="html-fig-inline" id="foods-13-03820-i001"><img alt="Foods 13 03820 i001" src="/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-i001.png"/></span>, T0; <span class="html-fig-inline" id="foods-13-03820-i002"><img alt="Foods 13 03820 i002" src="/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-i002.png"/></span>, T4; <span class="html-fig-inline" id="foods-13-03820-i003"><img alt="Foods 13 03820 i003" src="/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-i003.png"/></span>, T8; <span class="html-fig-inline" id="foods-13-03820-i004"><img alt="Foods 13 03820 i004" src="/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-i004.png"/></span>, T12; <span class="html-fig-inline" id="foods-13-03820-i005"><img alt="Foods 13 03820 i005" src="/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-i005.png"/></span>, T20. The circles represent the 95% confidence intervals between samples, and the dashed lines are the connections between the samples and the center of the confidence intervals.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3820'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g003-550.jpg?1732697136" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Changes in the structure of bacteria at <span class="html-italic">Larou</span> with different NaCl concentrations. Bacterial community composition at the (<b>A</b>) phylum and (<b>B</b>) genus level.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3820'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g004-550.jpg?1732697138" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Kruskal–Wallis H test bar plot of bacterial community. Multiple validation corrections were made using false discovery rate (FDR) and post-hoc tests were made using Tukey–kramer (0.95). (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">Acinetobacter</span>; (<b>B</b>) <span class="html-italic">Aeromonas</span>; (<b>C</b>) <span class="html-italic">Psychrobacter</span>; (<b>D</b>) <span class="html-italic">Unclassified_f_Micrococcaceae</span>; (<b>E</b>) <span class="html-italic">Kocuria</span>; (<b>F</b>) <span class="html-italic">Leuconostoc</span>; (<b>G</b>) <span class="html-italic">Lactococcus</span>; (<b>H</b>) <span class="html-italic">Brochothrix</span>; (<b>I</b>) <span class="html-italic">Unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae</span>; (<b>J</b>) <span class="html-italic">Carnobacterium</span>; (<b>K</b>) <span class="html-italic">Streptococcus</span>; (<b>L</b>) <span class="html-italic">Myroides</span>; (<b>M</b>) <span class="html-italic">Lactobacillus</span>; (<b>N</b>) <span class="html-italic">Hafnia-Obesumbacterium</span>; (<b>O</b>) V<span class="html-italic">agococcus</span>; (<b>P</b>) <span class="html-italic">Weissella</span>; (<b>Q</b>) <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus</span>; (<b>R</b>) <span class="html-italic">Pseudomonas</span>; (<b>S</b>) <span class="html-italic">Unclassified_f_Yersiniaceae</span>; (<b>T</b>) <span class="html-italic">Macrococcus</span>. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05; ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01; *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3820'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g005-550.jpg?1732697139" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Content of VOCs in <span class="html-italic">Larou</span> at different NaCl concentrations. (<b>A</b>) semi-quantitative content based on internal standards; (<b>B</b>) percentage content.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3820'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g006-550.jpg?1732697141" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>PLS-DA to analyze VOCs from <span class="html-italic">Larou</span> with different NaCl concentrations. (<b>A</b>) Score plot (R2X(cum) = 0.982, R2Y(cum) = 0.979, Q2(cum) = 0.877), (<b>B</b>) loading diagram, (<b>C</b>) permutation plot (N = 200) to check the validity and the degree of overfit for the PLS-DA, and (<b>D</b>) variable important in projection (VIP) values. The dashed lines in Figure C represent the connections between the original model and the Y-permuted models.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3820'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03820/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03820-g007-550.jpg?1732697144" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>RDA/CCA analysis of PCs and bacteria (<b>A</b>) and correlation heatmap of bacteria and VOCs with VIP &gt; 1 (<b>B</b>). In <a href="#foods-13-03820-f005" class="html-fig">Figure 5</a>B, R-values are indicated by different colors and <span class="html-italic">p</span>-values are indicated by asterisks, where * indicates 0.01 &lt; <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.05, ** 0.001 &lt; <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.01, and *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> ≤ 0.001.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3820'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 18 pages, 896 KiB   </span> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3819/pdf?version=1732688746" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Fairness and Contractual Performance in Vertical Linkages Within an Uncertain Environment: A Case of a Tomato Value Chain" data-journal="foods"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2304-8158/13/23/3819">Fairness and Contractual Performance in Vertical Linkages Within an Uncertain Environment: A Case of a Tomato Value Chain</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Amine M. Benmehaia</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antonella Samoggia</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Oualid Benharrat</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Salah Eddine Benziouche</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Georgia Ayfantopoulou</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Foods</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>(23), 3819; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233819">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233819</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In developing countries with uncertain institutional environments, ensuring fairness in contractual arrangements within food value chains is crucial to overcome modern challenges. This paper empirically investigates the vertical relationship between tomato growers and canneries in Algerian agriculture to assess the determinants of contractual <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3819/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In developing countries with uncertain institutional environments, ensuring fairness in contractual arrangements within food value chains is crucial to overcome modern challenges. This paper empirically investigates the vertical relationship between tomato growers and canneries in Algerian agriculture to assess the determinants of contractual performances and price fairness implications. The study is based on an analysis of a comprehensive dataset of 9127 tomato growers engaged in contract farming over four years (2018–2021). Three regression methods were estimated, namely logit, tobit, and quantile regressions, alongside exploratory analysis. The main findings shed light on the factors influencing contractual performance among contracting producers, primarily farm scale and distance from the contracting processor. Additionally, the findings highlight the key role of contract enforcement mechanisms in influencing the contractual performances of tomato growers. Several recommendations are made to incentivize tomato growers and improve overall contractual performance within such public policy settings. Contract arrangements, including fair price negotiation and the requirement for tomato processing firms to make specific investments, are advocated to foster self-enforcement and significantly enhance the growers’ contractual performance. This is particularly important in many developing countries where the business environment is characterized by an absence of effective public enforcement institutions along with a highly uncertain environment. <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3819">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/foods/special_issues/K7Z9E0WHV0 ">Final Meeting of the GourMed PRIMA Project: Governance of the Food Supply Chain to Equilibrate Prices and Profits of High-Quality and Safe Mediterranean Foods</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3819/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530389"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530389"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530389" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530389" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530389" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530389-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03819/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03819-g001-550.jpg?1732688909" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530389" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530389-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03819/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03819-g002-550.jpg?1732688910'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530389-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03819/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03819-g001-550.jpg?1732688909" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Dynamic histograms for the frequency distributions of the contractual performances of tomato production.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3819'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03819/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03819-g002-550.jpg?1732688910" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Theoretical and empirical kernel densities for contractual performances in tomato production.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3819'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1530337" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1530337" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1530337" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3818/s1?version=1732678391"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 16384 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 2638 KiB   </span> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3818/pdf?version=1732678391" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Effect of Pea Protein Isolate–Soybean Meal Ratio on Fiber Structure and Texture Properties of High-Moisture Meat Analogs" data-journal="foods"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2304-8158/13/23/3818">Effect of Pea Protein Isolate–Soybean Meal Ratio on Fiber Structure and Texture Properties of High-Moisture Meat Analogs</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhongjiang Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yachao Tian</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fangxiao Lou</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zengwang Guo</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Foods</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>(23), 3818; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233818">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233818</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Inadequate fibrous attributes and prohibitive pricing are pivotal barriers to the broader market penetration of meat analogs (MAs). This research endeavors to address these impediments by formulating a blend of cost-effective soybean meal (SM) and pea protein isolate (PPI) across a spectrum of <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3818/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Inadequate fibrous attributes and prohibitive pricing are pivotal barriers to the broader market penetration of meat analogs (MAs). This research endeavors to address these impediments by formulating a blend of cost-effective soybean meal (SM) and pea protein isolate (PPI) across a spectrum of ratios (PPI:SM = 1:0, 8:2, 6:4, 4:6, 2:8, and 0:1). The analysis of textural properties elucidated that the integration of SM markedly diminished the textural rigidity and mastication resistance of MAs. Employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fibrillation degree metrics, it was ascertained that the most favorable fibrous architecture of MAs was attained at a PPI to SM ratio of 6:4. Further experimental evidence underscored that the synergistic interaction between SM and PPI catalyzed the conversion of free sulfhydryl groups into disulfide linkages, a pivotal mechanism in the augmentation of MAs’ fibrous matrices. The conclusions drawn from this study provide substantive contributions to the formulation of superior-quality, economically viable MAs, and could potentially accelerate their market acceptance. <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3818">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/foods/special_issues/UYYUD96DC9 ">Plant Protein Processing: Technological Innovation and New Application Scenarios</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3818/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530337"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530337"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530337" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530337" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530337" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530337-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03818/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03818-g001-550.jpg?1732678486" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530337" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530337-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03818/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03818-g002-550.jpg?1732678490'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530337-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03818/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03818-g003-550.jpg?1732678491'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530337-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03818/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03818-g004-550.jpg?1732678493'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530337-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03818/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03818-g005-550.jpg?1732678494'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530337-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03818/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03818-g001-550.jpg?1732678486" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram of the extruder.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3818'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03818/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03818-g002-550.jpg?1732678490" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Influence of PPI:SM ratio on MA microscopic image.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3818'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03818/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03818-g003-550.jpg?1732678491" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Influence of the PPI:SM ratio on MA rheological properties. (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>) respectively represent G′, G″, and the viscosity diagrams of the MA.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3818'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03818/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03818-g004-550.jpg?1732678493" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Influence of PPI:SM ratio on DSC thermal profiles.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3818'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03818/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03818-g005-550.jpg?1732678494" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Influence of the PPI:SM ratio on MA T2 relaxation time.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3818'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1530332" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1530332" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1530332" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3817/s1?version=1732676453"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 42 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 6599 KiB   </span> <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3817/pdf?version=1732676452" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Production Mechanism of Semicarbazide in Macrobrachium rosenbergii Under Urea Conditions" data-journal="foods"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2304-8158/13/23/3817">Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Production Mechanism of Semicarbazide in <i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i> Under Urea Conditions</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jun Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Di Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shengjun Chen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fangfang Gao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chunsheng Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yang Feng</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jianchao Deng</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Foods</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>13</em>(23), 3817; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233817">https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233817</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Semicarbazide (SEM) is commonly utilized as a biomarker for detecting the usage of nitrofurazone (NFZ); however, its endogenous presence in aquatic products complicates detection and poses challenges to the quality and safety of these products. Although previous research suggests a potential link between <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3817/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Semicarbazide (SEM) is commonly utilized as a biomarker for detecting the usage of nitrofurazone (NFZ); however, its endogenous presence in aquatic products complicates detection and poses challenges to the quality and safety of these products. Although previous research suggests a potential link between SEM and urea, the specific mechanisms underlying its production under induced conditions remain unclear. To solve the above problem, the integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed for systematically exploring endogenous production mechanisms underlying SEM in <i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i> under urea conditions. As a result, urea exposure significantly disrupted key pathways, including glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism; and protein digestion and absorption, thereby highlighting the role of amino acid metabolism in SEM formation. Compared to traditional single-omics approaches, this method provided a comprehensive analysis of gene–metabolite interactions, revealing the mechanism of endogenous production of SEM in <i>M. rosenbergii.</i> This research offers new insights into enhancing aquatic product safety and quality and represents a methodological reference for future research regarding the endogenous SEM production mechanisms. <a href="/2304-8158/13/23/3817">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/foods/sections/Food_Quality_Safety">Food Quality and Safety</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3817/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530332"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530332"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530332" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530332" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530332" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530332-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g001-550.jpg?1732676590" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530332" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530332-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g002-550.jpg?1732676592'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530332-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g003-550.jpg?1732676595'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530332-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g004-550.jpg?1732676596'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530332-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g005-550.jpg?1732676599'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530332-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g006-550.jpg?1732676600'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530332-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g007-550.jpg?1732676601'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1530332-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g008-550.jpg?1732676603'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530332-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g001-550.jpg?1732676590" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Content of SEM in <span class="html-italic">M. rosenbergii</span> under urea condition. Diverse uppercase letters stand for significant differences on each day (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05); lowercase letters are indicative of significant differences on diverse stress days at an identical stress concentration (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3817'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g002-550.jpg?1732676592" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plots (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) and OPLS-DA permutation plots (<b>C</b>,<b>D</b>) for <span class="html-italic">M. rosenbergii</span> under urea conditions in positive (<b>A</b>,<b>C</b>) and negative (<b>B</b>,<b>D</b>) ion modes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3817'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g003-550.jpg?1732676595" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Volcano plot of DMs in <span class="html-italic">M. rosenbergii</span> under urea conditions (<b>A</b>); KEGG pathway analysis of DMs in <span class="html-italic">M. rosenbergii</span> under urea conditions (<b>B</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3817'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g004-550.jpg?1732676596" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Volcano plot of DEGs in <span class="html-italic">M. rosenbergii</span> under urea conditions (<b>A</b>); hierarchical clustering of DEGs in the Control versus the urea condition groups (<b>B</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3817'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g005-550.jpg?1732676599" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>GO annotation of DEGs in <span class="html-italic">M. rosenbergii</span> under urea conditions (<b>A</b>); KEGG annotation of DEGs in <span class="html-italic">M. rosenbergii</span> under urea conditions (<b>B</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3817'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g006-550.jpg?1732676600" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>KEGG enrichment analysis of DMs/DEGs in <span class="html-italic">M. rosenbergii</span> under urea conditions.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3817'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g007-550.jpg?1732676601" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>RT-qPCR validation of DEGs. ns: not significant, *: <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, **: <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01, ***: <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3817'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-13-03817/article_deploy/html/images/foods-13-03817-g008-550.jpg?1732676603" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Correlation map of the DMs and DEGs under urea conditions in <span class="html-italic">M. rosenbergii</span>. The names of the altered DMs and DEGs are shown in red (upregulated) and blue (downregulated).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/13/23/3817'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 25 pages, 36663 KiB   </span> <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2676/pdf?version=1732711294" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Feasibility Evaluation of I–Shaped Horizontal Salt Cavern for Underground Natural Gas Storage" data-journal="processes"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9717/12/12/2676">Feasibility Evaluation of I–Shaped Horizontal Salt Cavern for Underground Natural Gas Storage</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kai Xie</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wei Chen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dongzhou Xie</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Donglin Cao</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wenquan Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Guanghai Zhu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Junwei Wang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Processes</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(12), 2676; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122676">https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122676</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Underground salt cavern gas storage has been widely applied due to its numerous advantages. Most of China’s salt resources are derived from lacustrine deposits. As high–quality resources in the central sedimentary area are gradually exploited, exploring the utilization of thin salt layers at <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2676/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Underground salt cavern gas storage has been widely applied due to its numerous advantages. Most of China’s salt resources are derived from lacustrine deposits. As high–quality resources in the central sedimentary area are gradually exploited, exploring the utilization of thin salt layers at the edges of sedimentary centers is the future development trend. However, the use of thin salt layers faces challenges such as low resource utilization, small cavern volumes, and poor economic feasibility, which limit its engineering applications. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of constructing gas storage in thin salt layers is necessary. This paper first analyzes the necessity of building gas storage in thin salt layers and surveys cavern construction methods and their applicability. Based on geological seismic data, the feasibility of constructing gas storage in the Pingdingshan thin salt layer is proposed. A novel I–shaped cavern design is introduced, which, according to engineering economic evaluations, reduces investment by 9.6% compared to traditional single–well vertical cavern construction methods. Finally, rock mechanics tests were conducted to study the impact of mudstone interlayers and cyclic operation modes on the stability of the I–shaped cavern under three different injection and production conditions. The analysis shows that multi–cycle injection and production can effectively suppress cavern shrinkage and the development of the rock–relative plastic zone. The safety factor (SF) for different conditions is greater than 1, indicating that the I–shaped cavern has good stability and can adapt to various operational conditions. This study provides valuable insights into the geological conditions and rock mechanics characteristics for the future construction of gas storage in thin salt layers in China. <a href="/2227-9717/12/12/2676">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/processes/sections/Energy_Systems">Energy Systems</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/12/2676/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1530999"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1530999"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1530999" data-cycle-prev="#prev1530999" data-cycle-progressive="#images1530999" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g001-550.jpg?1732711426" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1530999" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g002-550.jpg?1732711427'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g003-550.jpg?1732711427'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g004-550.jpg?1732711428'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g005-550.jpg?1732711429'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g006-550.jpg?1732711430'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g007-550.jpg?1732711431'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g008-550.jpg?1732711432'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g009-550.jpg?1732711433'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g010-550.jpg?1732711434'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g011-550.jpg?1732711436'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g012-550.jpg?1732711437'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g013-550.jpg?1732711439'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g014-550.jpg?1732711440'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g015-550.jpg?1732711442'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g016-550.jpg?1732711443'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g017-550.jpg?1732711445'><p>Figure 17</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g018-550.jpg?1732711446'><p>Figure 18</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g019-550.jpg?1732711449'><p>Figure 19</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g020-550.jpg?1732711451'><p>Figure 20</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='20' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g021-550.jpg?1732711451'><p>Figure 21</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='21' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g022-550.jpg?1732711452'><p>Figure 22</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='22' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g023-550.jpg?1732711453'><p>Figure 23</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='23' data-target='article-1530999-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g024-550.jpg?1732711455'><p>Figure 24</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1530999-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g001-550.jpg?1732711426" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of Major Salt Mineral Resources in China.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g002-550.jpg?1732711427" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram of the thickness of sedimentary salt layers in Pingdingshan.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g003-550.jpg?1732711427" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Construction of single–well–vertical (SWV) cavern.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g004-550.jpg?1732711428" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Construction of a two–well–directional (TWD) cavern.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g005-550.jpg?1732711429" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Construction of small–spacing two–well (SSTW) cavern.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g006-550.jpg?1732711430" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Construction of two–well–horizontal saddle–shaped (TWHS) cavern.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g007-550.jpg?1732711431" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Construction of two–well retreating horizontal (TWRH) cavern.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g008-550.jpg?1732711432" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Different cavern formation methods for thin salt layers.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g009-550.jpg?1732711433" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>A research site for thin salt layers.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g010-550.jpg?1732711434" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Analysis method for constructing thin salt layer UGS.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g011-550.jpg?1732711436" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Comparison picture of samples before and after the uniaxial compression tests.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g012-550.jpg?1732711437" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Comparison picture of samples before and after the tensile tests.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g013-550.jpg?1732711439" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Pingdingshan Formation Depth Model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g014-550.jpg?1732711440" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>New I–shaped cavern formation process.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g015-550.jpg?1732711442" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Different caverns in thinly bedded salt rock.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g016-550.jpg?1732711443" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Three–dimensional geological model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g017-550.jpg?1732711445" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>Changes in the internal pressure of circulating injection and production cavern.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g018-550.jpg?1732711446" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>Displacement distribution cloud map of work condition 1.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g019-550.jpg?1732711449" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>Displacement distribution cloud map of work condition 2.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g020-550.jpg?1732711451" title=" <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/> <p>Displacement distribution cloud map of work condition 3.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g021-550.jpg?1732711451" title=" <strong>Figure 21</strong><br/> <p>Maximum displacement under different working conditions.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g022-550.jpg?1732711452" title=" <strong>Figure 22</strong><br/> <p>Maximum volume shrinkage under different working conditions.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g023-550.jpg?1732711453" title=" <strong>Figure 23</strong><br/> <p>Relative plastic zones under different working conditions.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/processes/processes-12-02676/article_deploy/html/images/processes-12-02676-g024-550.jpg?1732711455" title=" <strong>Figure 24</strong><br/> <p>Safety factor for injection production operation under three working conditions for 30 years.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9717/12/12/2676'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1530984" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1530984" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1530984" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2227-9067/11/12/1444/s1?version=1732710664"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 746 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 10 pages, 479 KiB   </span> <a href="/2227-9067/11/12/1444/pdf?version=1732710663" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Persistent Symptoms (Lasting Longer than 1 Year) in Children Hospitalized with Acute COVID-19 Versus Other Conditions" data-journal="children"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2227-9067/11/12/1444">Persistent Symptoms (Lasting Longer than 1 Year) in Children Hospitalized with Acute COVID-19 Versus Other Conditions</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marta Conde</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Irati Gastesi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lucía de Pablo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sara Villanueva</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>David Aguilera-Alonso</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ana Esteban</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cristina Epalza</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>María López</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sara Domínguez-Rodríguez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pablo Gómez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Álvaro Ballesteros</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carlota Pinto</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marisa Navarro</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carlo Giaquinto</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cinta Moraleda</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alfredo Tagarro</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Children</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>11</em>(12), 1444; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/children11121444">https://doi.org/10.3390/children11121444</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> <b>Background:</b> We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of persistent signs and/or symptoms in children and young people (CYP) one year after hospitalization for acute COVID-19 compared with a control group of CYP hospitalized for other conditions. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted an observational study in <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/12/1444/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> <b>Background:</b> We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of persistent signs and/or symptoms in children and young people (CYP) one year after hospitalization for acute COVID-19 compared with a control group of CYP hospitalized for other conditions. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted an observational study in three hospitals in Madrid, which included a group of children aged between 1 month and 18 years who were hospitalized due to acute COVID-19 from March 2020 to December 2021. We also selected a comparison group of patients hospitalized for other, unrelated conditions within the same month. Eligible participants had no history of COVID-19 at recruitment or during follow-up. Data were collected from clinical records and a standardized questionnaire completed by the patients’ families. The primary outcome was the presence of persistent symptoms one year after hospitalization. <b>Results:</b> A total of 96 patients were enrolled and analyzed (50 acute COVID-19 patients and 46 non-COVID-19 participants). Of these, 34/96 (35%) met the criteria for persistent symptoms (CYP: 17/50 (34%) COVID-19 participants and 17/46 (37%) non-COVID-19 participants (<i>p</i> = 0.767)). Symptoms persisted ≥12 months in 14/50 (28%) COVID-19 participants and in 7/46 (15%) non-COVID-19 participants (<i>p</i> = 0.140). Both before and after admission, all of the participants provided similar ratings for all of the specific items related to emotional welfare, social relationships, and current activities. Readmissions occurred in 11/50 (22%) COVID-19 participants and in 6/46 (13%) non-COVID-19 participants (<i>p</i> = 0.267). <b>Conclusions:</b> We identified a non-significant difference in the prevalence of persistent symptoms 1 year after hospitalization between children and young people (CYP) with acute COVID-19 and those hospitalized for non-COVID-19-related conditions. <a href="/2227-9067/11/12/1444">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/children/sections/Pediatric_Infectious_Diseases">Pediatric Infectious Diseases</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/12/1444/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1530984-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/children/children-11-01444/article_deploy/html/images/children-11-01444-g001-550.jpg?1732710730" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1530984-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/children/children-11-01444/article_deploy/html/images/children-11-01444-g001-550.jpg?1732710730" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Symptoms 1 year after admission in acute COVID-19 participants and in those with other conditions. None of the comparisons between participants with and without COVID-19 reached statistical significance (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-9067/11/12/1444'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 305 KiB   </span> <a href="/2227-7390/12/23/3729/pdf?version=1732712176" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Application of Complex Fuzzy Relational Compositions to Medical Diagnosis" data-journal="mathematics"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2227-7390/12/23/3729">Application of Complex Fuzzy Relational Compositions to Medical Diagnosis</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Muhammad Gulzar</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Samina Ashraf</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Etienne E. Kerre</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Mathematics</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>12</em>(23), 3729; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/math12233729">https://doi.org/10.3390/math12233729</a> - 27 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The capability of complex fuzzy sets plays a valuable role in resolving many real-life problems. In this paper, we present the compositions of complex fuzzy relations by using the idea of implication operators and max-product compositions of complex fuzzy relations and illustrate these <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/23/3729/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The capability of complex fuzzy sets plays a valuable role in resolving many real-life problems. In this paper, we present the compositions of complex fuzzy relations by using the idea of implication operators and max-product compositions of complex fuzzy relations and illustrate these compositions with concrete examples. The converse of these newly invented triangular compositions in terms of compositions of the converse relations is also defined. We also study the interactions with the union and intersection. The main goal of this article is to present a new technique to enhance medical diagnostic models that can assist in improving the features of healthcare systems. We utilize these compositions to diagnose diseases in patients on the basis of the intensity of symptoms. <a href="/2227-7390/12/23/3729">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/mathematics/sections/fuzzy_sets_theory">Fuzzy Sets, Systems and Decision Making</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/23/3729/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1531014-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-12-03729/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-12-03729-g001-550.jpg?1732712257" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1531014-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-12-03729/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-12-03729-g001-550.jpg?1732712257" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Flow chart for the analysis of the situation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/12/23/3729'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a class="bold" href="/search?sort=pubdate&page_count=50">More Articles...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 large-pull-6 medium-3 medium-pull-6 small-12 columns"> <div id="js-large-main-top-container"> <div id="js-main-top-container" class="content__container top-border"> <h1 class="show-for-medium-up display-as-h2"> Open Access Journals </h1> <div class="box_content" 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value="endocrines">Endocrines</option> <option value="energies">Energies</option> <option value="esa">Energy Storage and Applications (ESA)</option> <option value="eng">Eng</option> <option value="engproc">Engineering Proceedings</option> <option value="entropy">Entropy</option> <option value="environsciproc">Environmental Sciences Proceedings</option> <option value="environments">Environments</option> <option value="epidemiologia">Epidemiologia</option> <option value="epigenomes">Epigenomes</option> <option value="ebj">European Burn Journal (EBJ)</option> <option value="ejihpe">European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE)</option> <option value="fermentation">Fermentation</option> <option value="fibers">Fibers</option> <option value="fintech">FinTech</option> <option value="fire">Fire</option> <option value="fishes">Fishes</option> <option value="fluids">Fluids</option> <option value="foods">Foods</option> <option value="forecasting">Forecasting</option> <option value="forensicsci">Forensic Sciences</option> <option value="forests">Forests</option> <option value="fossstud">Fossil Studies</option> <option value="foundations">Foundations</option> <option value="fractalfract">Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract)</option> <option value="fuels">Fuels</option> <option value="future">Future</option> <option value="futureinternet">Future Internet</option> <option value="futurepharmacol">Future Pharmacology</option> <option value="futuretransp">Future Transportation</option> <option value="galaxies">Galaxies</option> <option value="games">Games</option> <option value="gases">Gases</option> <option value="gastroent">Gastroenterology Insights</option> <option value="gastrointestdisord">Gastrointestinal Disorders</option> <option value="gastronomy">Gastronomy</option> <option value="gels">Gels</option> <option value="genealogy">Genealogy</option> <option value="genes">Genes</option> <option value="geographies">Geographies</option> <option value="geohazards">GeoHazards</option> <option value="geomatics">Geomatics</option> <option value="geometry">Geometry</option> <option value="geosciences">Geosciences</option> <option value="geotechnics">Geotechnics</option> <option value="geriatrics">Geriatrics</option> <option value="glacies">Glacies</option> <option value="gucdd">Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD)</option> <option value="grasses">Grasses</option> <option value="hardware">Hardware</option> <option value="healthcare">Healthcare</option> <option value="hearts">Hearts</option> <option value="hemato">Hemato</option> <option value="hematolrep">Hematology Reports</option> <option value="heritage">Heritage</option> <option value="histories">Histories</option> <option value="horticulturae">Horticulturae</option> <option value="hospitals">Hospitals</option> <option value="humanities">Humanities</option> <option value="humans">Humans</option> <option value="hydrobiology">Hydrobiology</option> <option value="hydrogen">Hydrogen</option> <option value="hydrology">Hydrology</option> <option value="hygiene">Hygiene</option> <option value="immuno">Immuno</option> <option value="idr">Infectious Disease Reports</option> <option value="informatics">Informatics</option> <option value="information">Information</option> <option value="infrastructures">Infrastructures</option> <option value="inorganics">Inorganics</option> <option value="insects">Insects</option> <option value="instruments">Instruments</option> <option value="iic">Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction</option> <option value="ijerph">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH)</option> <option value="ijfs">International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS)</option> <option value="ijms">International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS)</option> <option value="IJNS">International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS)</option> <option value="ijpb">International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB)</option> <option value="ijt">International Journal of Topology</option> <option value="ijtm">International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM)</option> <option value="ijtpp">International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP)</option> <option value="ime">International Medical Education (IME)</option> <option value="inventions">Inventions</option> <option value="IoT">IoT</option> <option value="ijgi">ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI)</option> <option value="J">J</option> <option value="jal">Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL)</option> <option value="jcdd">Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD)</option> <option value="jcto">Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO)</option> <option value="jcm">Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM)</option> <option value="jcs">Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.)</option> <option value="jcp">Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP)</option> <option value="jdad">Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (JDAD)</option> <option value="jdb">Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB)</option> <option value="jeta">Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA)</option> <option value="jfb">Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB)</option> <option value="jfmk">Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK)</option> <option value="jof">Journal of Fungi (JoF)</option> <option value="jimaging">Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging)</option> <option value="jintelligence">Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.)</option> <option value="jlpea">Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA)</option> <option value="jmmp">Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP)</option> <option value="jmse">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE)</option> <option value="jmahp">Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP)</option> <option value="jmp">Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP)</option> <option value="jnt">Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT)</option> <option value="jne">Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE)</option> <option value="ohbm">Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM)</option> <option value="jop">Journal of Parks</option> <option value="jpm">Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM)</option> <option value="jpbi">Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI)</option> <option value="jor">Journal of Respiration (JoR)</option> <option value="jrfm">Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM)</option> <option value="jsan">Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN)</option> <option value="joma">Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA)</option> <option value="jtaer">Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER)</option> <option value="jvd">Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD)</option> <option value="jox">Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX)</option> <option value="jzbg">Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG)</option> <option value="journalmedia">Journalism and Media</option> <option value="kidneydial">Kidney and Dialysis</option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases">Kinases and Phosphatases</option> <option value="knowledge">Knowledge</option> <option value="labmed">LabMed</option> <option value="laboratories">Laboratories</option> <option value="land">Land</option> <option value="languages">Languages</option> <option value="laws">Laws</option> <option value="life">Life</option> <option value="limnolrev">Limnological Review</option> <option value="lipidology">Lipidology</option> <option value="liquids">Liquids</option> <option value="literature">Literature</option> <option value="livers">Livers</option> <option value="logics">Logics</option> <option value="logistics">Logistics</option> <option value="lubricants">Lubricants</option> <option value="lymphatics">Lymphatics</option> <option value="make">Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE)</option> <option value="machines">Machines</option> <option value="macromol">Macromol</option> <option value="magnetism">Magnetism</option> <option value="magnetochemistry">Magnetochemistry</option> <option value="marinedrugs">Marine Drugs</option> <option value="materials">Materials</option> <option value="materproc">Materials Proceedings</option> <option value="mca">Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA)</option> <option value="mathematics">Mathematics</option> <option value="medsci">Medical Sciences</option> <option value="msf">Medical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="medicina">Medicina</option> <option value="medicines">Medicines</option> <option value="membranes">Membranes</option> <option value="merits">Merits</option> <option value="metabolites">Metabolites</option> <option value="metals">Metals</option> <option value="meteorology">Meteorology</option> <option value="methane">Methane</option> <option value="mps">Methods and Protocols (MPs)</option> <option value="metrics">Metrics</option> <option value="metrology">Metrology</option> <option value="micro">Micro</option> <option value="microbiolres">Microbiology Research</option> <option value="micromachines">Micromachines</option> <option value="microorganisms">Microorganisms</option> <option value="microplastics">Microplastics</option> <option value="minerals">Minerals</option> <option value="mining">Mining</option> <option value="modelling">Modelling</option> <option value="mmphys">Modern Mathematical Physics</option> <option value="molbank">Molbank</option> <option value="molecules">Molecules</option> <option value="mti">Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI)</option> <option value="muscles">Muscles</option> <option value="nanoenergyadv">Nanoenergy Advances</option> <option value="nanomanufacturing">Nanomanufacturing</option> <option value="nanomaterials">Nanomaterials</option> <option value="ndt">NDT</option> <option value="network">Network</option> <option value="neuroglia">Neuroglia</option> <option value="neurolint">Neurology International</option> <option value="neurosci">NeuroSci</option> <option value="nitrogen">Nitrogen</option> <option value="ncrna">Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA)</option> <option value="nursrep">Nursing Reports</option> <option value="nutraceuticals">Nutraceuticals</option> <option value="nutrients">Nutrients</option> <option value="obesities">Obesities</option> <option value="oceans">Oceans</option> <option value="onco">Onco</option> <option value="optics">Optics</option> <option value="oral">Oral</option> <option value="organics">Organics</option> <option value="organoids">Organoids</option> <option value="osteology">Osteology</option> <option value="oxygen">Oxygen</option> <option value="parasitologia">Parasitologia</option> <option value="particles">Particles</option> <option value="pathogens">Pathogens</option> <option value="pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</option> <option value="pediatrrep">Pediatric Reports</option> <option value="pets">Pets</option> <option value="pharmaceuticals">Pharmaceuticals</option> <option value="pharmaceutics">Pharmaceutics</option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology">Pharmacoepidemiology</option> <option value="pharmacy">Pharmacy</option> <option value="philosophies">Philosophies</option> <option value="photochem">Photochem</option> <option value="photonics">Photonics</option> <option value="phycology">Phycology</option> <option value="physchem">Physchem</option> <option value="psf">Physical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="physics">Physics</option> 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position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/bio-life"> Biology & Life Sciences </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/business-econ"> Business & Economics </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/chem-materials"> Chemistry & Materials Science </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/computer-math"> Computer Science & Mathematics </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/engineering"> Engineering </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/environment"> Environmental & Earth Sciences </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/med-pharma"> Medicine & Pharmacology </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/physics-astronomy"> Physical Sciences </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/health"> Public Health & Healthcare </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/arts-humanity"> Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities </a> </li> </ul> <a href="#" class="bolded-text link-browse-by show-for-small" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Selected Journals </a> <ul id="index-journals" class="hidden"> <li> <a href="/journal/ijms"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/ijms-logo-sq.png?41930e44070e4940" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> IJMS <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/applsci"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/applsci-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Applied Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/sustainability"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sustainability-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Sustainability <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/jcm"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jcm-logo-sq.png?6922832c4f546280" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> JCM <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/sensors"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sensors-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Sensors <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/energies"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/energies-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Energies <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/molecules"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/molecules-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Molecules <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/materials"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/materials-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Materials <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/nutrients"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/nutrients-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Nutrients <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/remotesensing"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/remotesensing-logo-sq.png?33ab614e9661caf2" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Remote Sensing <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/electronics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/electronics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Electronics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.6</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/buildings"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/buildings-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Buildings <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/foods"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/foods-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Foods <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/mathematics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/mathematics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Mathematics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/cancers"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/cancers-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Cancers <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/water"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/water-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Water <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/plants"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/plants-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Plants <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/animals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/animals-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Animals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/polymers"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/polymers-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Polymers <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/agronomy"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/agronomy-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Agronomy <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/processes"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Processes <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/biomedicines"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/biomedicines-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Biomedicines <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/diagnostics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/diagnostics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Diagnostics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/agriculture"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/agriculture-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Agriculture <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/jmse"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jmse-logo-sq.png?7a9fe15cd28a3a0d" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> JMSE <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/healthcare"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/healthcare-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Healthcare <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/microorganisms"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/microorganisms-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Microorganisms <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/land"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/land-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Land <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/forests"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/forests-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Forests <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/medicina"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/medicina-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Medicina <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/nanomaterials"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/nanomaterials-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Nanomaterials <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/cells"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/cells-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Cells <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">5.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/viruses"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/viruses-logo-sq.png?9dcd988b1d672389" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Viruses <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/symmetry"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/symmetry-logo-sq.png?2c65edf82f527115" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Symmetry <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/life"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/life-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Life <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/pharmaceuticals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/pharmaceuticals-logo-sq.png?746b14512b967404" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Pharmaceuticals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/biomolecules"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/biomolecules-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Biomolecules <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/ijerph"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/ijerph-logo-sq.png?f4a7c3c190986910" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> IJERPH </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/antioxidants"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/antioxidants-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Antioxidants <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">6.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/coatings"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/coatings-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Coatings <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/religions"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/religions-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Religions <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">0.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/behavsci"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/behavsci-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Behavioral Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/genes"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/genes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Genes <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/children"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/children-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Children <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/atmosphere"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/atmosphere-logo-sq.png?88fe2866c16662af" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Atmosphere <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/metals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/metals-logo-sq.png?e13532d60707dc57" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Metals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.6</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/education"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/education-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Education Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/vaccines"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/vaccines-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Vaccines <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">5.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/pharmaceutics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/pharmaceutics-logo-sq.png?12ec7dfd193b82bf" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Pharmaceutics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/horticulturae"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/horticulturae-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Horticulturae <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/micromachines"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/micromachines-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Micromachines <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/minerals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/minerals-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Minerals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/brainsci"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/brainsci-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Brain Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/bioengineering"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/bioengineering-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Bioengineering <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/biology"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/biology-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Biology <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.6</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/antibiotics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/antibiotics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Antibiotics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/entropy"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/entropy-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Entropy <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/pathogens"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/pathogens-logo-sq.png?5e90221cc618abf2" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Pathogens <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/photonics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/photonics-logo-sq.png?8f2b3fc8179503ee" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Photonics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.1</span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="generic-item last-item no-border"> <a class="bold" href="/about/journals">Explore All Journals...</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container extending-content" data-url="/ajax_subject_most_accessed_articles" data-min-shown-items="1"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2>Highly Accessed Articles</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"></div> </div> <div class="content__container extending-content" data-url="/ajax_latest_books"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2 class="show-for-small-only">Latest Books</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/books_logo_new.svg?76e680e5363e99ba?1732706938"> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a class="bold" href="https://www.mdpi.com/books">More Books and Reprints...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="right-column" class="content__column large-25 medium-3 small-12 columns" data-equalizer-watch> <div class="content__container top-border"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2>News</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="generic-item news-item no-border"> <span class="text-information">26 November 2024</span> <br/> <a class="title-link" href="/about/announcements/9859"> <strong>Join Us at “MDPI Open Access—An Author Training Program”, 30 November 2024, Bangkok, Thailand</strong> </a> </div> <div class="generic-item news-item "> <span class="text-information">19 November 2024</span> <br/> <a class="title-link" href="/about/announcements/9797"> <em>NeuroSci</em> Accepted into PMC and PubMed </a> </div> <div class="generic-item news-item "> <span class="text-information">15 November 2024</span> <br/> <a class="title-link" href="/about/announcements/9772"> Prof. Dr. A. 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