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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Competency_to_stand_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competency_to_stand_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Competency to stand trial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competency_to_stand_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_an_expert_witness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_an_expert_witness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>As an expert witness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_an_expert_witness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mental_state_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mental_state_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Mental state opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul 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<span>Forensic psychiatry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forensic_psychiatry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forensic_psychology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forensic_psychology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Forensic psychology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forensic_psychology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Risk_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Risk_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Risk management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Risk_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Canada-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Canada subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criminal_law_framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_law_framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Criminal law framework</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_law_framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confidentiality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confidentiality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Confidentiality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confidentiality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment/assessment_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment/assessment_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Treatment/assessment conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment/assessment_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Educational requirements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Training standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="طب نفسي شرعي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طب نفسي شرعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Съдебна психиатрия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Съдебна психиатрия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retspsykiatri" title="Retspsykiatri – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Retspsykiatri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensische_Psychiatrie" title="Forensische Psychiatrie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Forensische Psychiatrie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%88%CF%85%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Δικαστική ψυχιατρική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δικαστική ψυχιατρική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psiquiatr%C3%ADa_forense" title="Psiquiatría forense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Psiquiatría forense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="روان‌پزشکی قانونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روان‌پزشکی قانونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatrie_judiciaire" title="Psychiatrie judiciaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Psychiatrie judiciaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forenzi%C4%8Dka_psihijatrija" title="Forenzička psihijatrija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Forenzička psihijatrija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psichiatria_forense" title="Psichiatria forense – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Psichiatria forense" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teismo_psichiatrija" title="Teismo psichiatrija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Teismo psichiatrija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Форензичка психијатрија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Форензичка психијатрија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensische_psychiatrie" title="Forensische psychiatrie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Forensische psychiatrie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="司法精神医学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="司法精神医学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rettspsykiatri" title="Rettspsykiatri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rettspsykiatri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatria_s%C4%85dowa" title="Psychiatria sądowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Psychiatria sądowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psiquiatria_forense" title="Psiquiatria forense – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Psiquiatria forense" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Судебная психиатрия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Судебная психиатрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oikeuspsykiatria" title="Oikeuspsykiatria – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oikeuspsykiatria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4ttspsykiatri" title="Rättspsykiatri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rättspsykiatri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Судова психіатрія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Судова психіатрія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="司法精神医学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="司法精神医学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1407263#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychiatry" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Forensic_psychiatry" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiological</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_anthropology" title="Forensic anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_biology" title="Forensic biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodstain_pattern_analysis" title="Bloodstain pattern analysis">Bloodstain pattern analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_dentistry" title="Forensic dentistry">Dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_phenotyping" title="DNA phenotyping">DNA phenotyping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_profiling" title="DNA profiling">DNA profiling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Investigative_genetic_genealogy" title="Investigative genetic genealogy">Forensic genealogy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_entomology" title="Forensic entomology">Entomology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_epidemiology" title="Forensic 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title="Forensic psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychotherapy" title="Forensic psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_social_work" title="Forensic social work">Social work</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#ddddff;;color: var(--color-base)">Criminalistics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_accounting" title="Forensic accounting">Accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_identification" title="Body identification">Body identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_chemistry" title="Forensic chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_colorimetry" title="Forensic colorimetry">Colorimetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_forensics" title="Election forensics">Election forensics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_facial_reconstruction" title="Forensic facial reconstruction">Facial reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerprint" title="Fingerprint">Fingerprint analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_firearm_examination" title="Forensic firearm examination">Firearm examination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_footwear_evidence" title="Forensic footwear evidence">Footwear evidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_arts" title="Forensic arts">Forensic arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_profiling" title="Forensic profiling">Profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove_prints" title="Glove prints">Gloveprint analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_print" title="Palm print">Palmprint analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questioned_document_examination" title="Questioned document examination">Questioned document examination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vein_matching" title="Vein matching">Vein matching</a></li> <li><a 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title="Malware analysis">Malware analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device_forensics" title="Mobile device forensics">Mobile devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_forensics" title="Network forensics">Network analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_photography" title="Forensic photography">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_video_analysis" title="Forensic video analysis">Video analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_forensics" title="Audio forensics">Audio analysis</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#ddddff;;color: var(--color-base)">Related disciplines</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_electrical_engineering" title="Forensic electrical engineering">Electrical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_engineering" title="Forensic engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_investigation" title="Fire investigation">Fire investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detection_of_fire_accelerants" title="Detection of fire accelerants">Fire accelerant detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractography" title="Fractography">Fractography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_linguistics" title="Forensic linguistics">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_materials_engineering" title="Forensic materials engineering">Materials engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_polymer_engineering" title="Forensic polymer engineering">Polymer engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_statistics" title="Forensic statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_collision_reconstruction" title="Traffic collision reconstruction">Traffic collision reconstruction</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#ddddff;;color: var(--color-base)">Related articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_scene" title="Crime scene">Crime scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSI_effect" title="CSI effect">CSI effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Mason_syndrome" title="Perry Mason syndrome">Perry Mason syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollen_calendar" title="Pollen calendar">Pollen calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skid_mark" title="Skid mark">Skid mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_evidence" title="Trace evidence">Trace evidence</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Use_of_DNA_in_forensic_entomology" title="Use of DNA in forensic entomology">Use of DNA in<br />forensic entomology</a></div></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist" style="display:block;margin-top:0.7em; padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_forensic_science" title="Outline of forensic science">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forensic_science" title="Category:Forensic science">Category</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="margin-top:0;padding-top:0.15em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Forensic_science" title="Template:Forensic science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Forensic_science" title="Template talk:Forensic science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Forensic_science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Forensic science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Forensic psychiatry</b> is a subspeciality of <a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatry</a> and is related to <a href="/wiki/Criminology" title="Criminology">criminology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It encompasses the interface between <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a> and psychiatry. According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Psychiatry_and_the_Law" title="American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law">American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law</a>, it is defined as "a subspecialty of psychiatry in which scientific and clinical expertise is applied in legal contexts involving civil, criminal, correctional, regulatory, or legislative matters, and in specialized clinical consultations in areas such as risk assessment or employment.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>" A forensic psychiatrist provides services – such as determination of competency to stand trial – to a court of law to facilitate the adjudicative process and provide treatment, such as medications and psychotherapy, to criminals. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Court_work">Court work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Court work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forensic psychiatrists work with <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">courts</a> in evaluating an individual's competency to stand <a href="/wiki/Trial" title="Trial">trial</a>, defenses based on <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorders</a> (e.g., the insanity defense), and <a href="/wiki/Sentence_(law)" title="Sentence (law)">sentencing</a> recommendations. The two major areas of criminal evaluations in forensic psychiatry are competency to stand trial (CST) and mental state at the time of the offense (MSO). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competency_to_stand_trial">Competency to stand trial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Competency to stand trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Competency to stand trial (CST) is the <a href="/wiki/Competency_evaluation_(law)" title="Competency evaluation (law)">competency evaluation</a> to determine that defendants have the <a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">mental capacity</a> to understand the charges and assist their attorneys. In the United States, this is seated in the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>, which ensures the right to be present at one's trial, to face one's accusers, and to have help from an attorney. CST, sometimes referred to as adjudicative competency, serves three purposes: "preserving the dignity of the criminal process, reducing the risk of erroneous convictions, and protecting defendants' decision-making autonomy".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, the Supreme Court of the United States in <a href="/wiki/Dusky_v._United_States" title="Dusky v. United States">Dusky v. United States</a> established the standard for federal courts, ruling that "the test must be whether the defendant has sufficient present ability to consult with his attorney with a reasonable degree of rational understanding and a rational as well as factual understanding of proceedings against him." The evaluations must assess a defendant's ability to assist their legal counsel, meaning that they understand the legal charges against them, the implications of being a defendant, and the adversarial nature of the proceedings, including the roles played by defense counsel, prosecutors, judges, and the jury. They must be able to communicate relevant information to their attorney, and understand information provided by their attorney. Finally, they must be competent to make important decisions, such as whether or not to accept a plea agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, a similar legal concept is that of "<a href="/wiki/Fitness_to_plead" title="Fitness to plead">fitness to plead</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_an_expert_witness">As an expert witness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As an expert witness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forensic psychiatrists are often called to be <a href="/wiki/Expert_witness" title="Expert witness">expert witnesses</a> in both <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)" title="Civil law (common law)">civil</a> proceedings. Expert witnesses give their opinions about a specific issue. Often, the <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">psychiatrist</a> will have prepared a detailed report before testifying. The primary duty of the expert witness is to provide an independent opinion to the court. An expert is allowed to testify in court with respect to matters of opinion only when the matters in question are not ordinarily understandable to the finders of fact, be they judge or jury. As such, prominent leaders in the field of forensic psychiatry, from Thomas Gutheil<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to Robert Simon and Liza Gold<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have identified teaching as a critical dimension in the role of expert witness. The expert will be asked to form an opinion and to testify about that opinion, but in so doing will explain the basis for that opinion, which will include important concepts, approaches, and methods used in psychiatry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mental_state_opinion">Mental state opinion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mental state opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mental state opinion (MSO) gives the court an opinion, and only an opinion, as to whether a defendant was able to understand what he/she was doing at the time of the crime. This is worded differently in many states, and has been rejected altogether in some, but in every setting, the intent to do a criminal act and the understanding of the criminal nature of the act bear on the final disposition of the case. Much of forensic psychiatry is guided by significant court rulings or laws that bear on this area which include these three standards:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%27Naghten_rules" title="M'Naghten rules">M'Naghten rules</a>: Excuses a defendant who, by virtue of a defect of reason or disease of the mind, does not know the nature and quality of the act, or, if he or she does, does not know that the act is indeed wrong.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_rule" title="Durham rule">Durham rule</a>: Excuses a defendant whose conduct is the product of mental disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALI_test" class="mw-redirect" title="ALI test">ALI test</a>: Excuses a defendant who, because of a mental disease or defect, lacks substantial capacity to appreciate the criminality (wrongfulness) of his or her conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of law.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Insanity_defense" title="Insanity defense">Not guilty by reason of insanity</a>" (NGRI) is one potential outcome in this type of trial. Importantly, <a href="/wiki/Insanity" title="Insanity">insanity</a> is a legal and not a medical term. Often, psychiatrists may be testifying for both the defense and the prosecution. </p><p>Forensic psychiatrists are also involved in the care of <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">prisoners</a>, both in jails and prisons, and in the care of the mentally ill who have committed criminal acts (such as those who have been found not guilty by reason of insanity). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forensic_psychiatry_vs_psychology">Forensic psychiatry vs psychology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Forensic psychiatry vs psychology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forensic_psychiatry">Forensic psychiatry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Forensic psychiatry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forensic psychiatrists focus on how biology applies to the legal system. They focus more on the scientific facts as well as diagnosing and treating mental disorders. They legally assess clients, provide a diagnosis, and can prescribe medication if necessary. They are licensed medical doctors (MD) that make roughly $190,000 annually.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forensic_psychology">Forensic psychology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Forensic psychology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forensic psychologists examine how different disorders and conditions can apply in court. Their jobs typically entail working as research assistants and probation officers. They often determine trial competency, assess the risk of inmates, and aid in jury selection. Forensic psychologists can use information learned about mental health and criminal justice to advocate for those who are mentally ill. After earning a master's and a PhD in psychology or a Doctor of Psychology, PsyD, they can become forensic psychologists. While they are required to be licensed by the state, they are not required to be medical doctors. This means that they cannot prescribe medication. Forensic psychologists make roughly $67,000 annually.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Risk_management">Risk management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Risk management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many past offenders against other people, and suspected or potential future offenders with mental health problems or an intellectual or developmental disability, are supervised in the community by forensic psychiatric teams made up of a variety of professionals, including psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, and care workers. These teams have dual responsibilities: to promote both the welfare of their clients and the safety of the public. The aim is not so much to predict as to prevent violence, by means of risk management. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychology#Risk_assessment" title="Forensic psychology">Risk assessment</a> and management is a growth area in the forensic field, with much Canadian academic work being done in Ontario and British Columbia. This began with the attempt to predict the likelihood of a particular kind of offense being repeated, by combining "static" indicators from personal history and offense details in actuarial instruments such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=RRASOR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RRASOR (page does not exist)">RRASOR</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Static-99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Static-99 (page does not exist)">Static-99</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which were shown to be more accurate than unaided professional judgment. More recently, use is being made also of "dynamic" risk factors, such as attitudes, impulsivity, mental state, family and social circumstances, substance use, and the availability and acceptance of support, to make a "structured professional judgment." The aim of this is to move away from prediction to prevention, by identifying and then managing risk factors. This may entail monitoring, treatment, rehabilitation, supervision, and victim safety planning and depends on the availability of funding and legal powers. </p><p>Risk management in forensic psychiatry is often done using standardised tests called structured professional judgement tools. Two such tools include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=HCR-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HCR-20 (page does not exist)">HCR-20</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the newer <a href="/wiki/Saprof" title="Saprof">SAPROF</a> developed in the late 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tools are used to measure the likelihood of <a href="/wiki/Recidivism" title="Recidivism">recidivism</a> and identify protective factors for offenders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK, most forensic psychiatrists work for the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a>, in specialist secure units caring for mentally ill offenders (as well as people whose behaviour has made them impossible to manage in other hospitals). These can be either medium secure units (of which there are many throughout the country) or high secure hospitals (also known as special hospitals), of which three are in England and one in Scotland (the State Hospital, Carstairs), the best known of which is <a href="/wiki/Broadmoor_Hospital" title="Broadmoor Hospital">Broadmoor Hospital</a>. The other 'specials' are Ashworth hospital in Maghull, Liverpool, and Rampton hospital in Nottinghamshire. Also, a number of private-sector medium secure units sell their beds exclusively to the NHS, as not enough secure beds are available in the NHS system. </p><p>Forensic psychiatrists often also do prison inreach work, in which they go into prisons and assess and treat people suspected of having mental disorders; much of the day-to-day work of these psychiatrists comprises care of very seriously mentally ill patients,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> especially those with <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>. Some units also treat people with severe <a href="/wiki/Personality_disorder" title="Personality disorder">personality disorder</a> or <a href="/wiki/Learning_disability" title="Learning disability">learning disabilities</a>. The areas of assessment for courts are also somewhat different in Britain, because of differing mental health law. Fitness to plead and mental state at the time of the offence are indeed issues given consideration, but the mental state at the time of trial is also a major issue, and this assessment most commonly leads to the use of mental health legislation to detain people in hospitals, as opposed to their getting a prison sentence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Learning-disabled offenders who are a continuing risk to others may be detained in learning-disability hospitals (or specialised community-based units with a similar regimen, as the hospitals have mostly been closed). This includes those who commit serious crimes of violence, including sexual violence, and fire-setting. They would be cared for by learning disability psychiatrists and registered learning disability nurses. Some psychiatrists doing this work have dual training in learning disability and forensic psychiatry or learning disability and adolescent psychiatry. Some nurses would have training in mental health, also.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Court work (medicolegal work) is generally undertaken as private work by psychiatrists (most often forensic psychiatrists), as well as forensic and clinical psychologists, who usually also work within the NHS. This work is generally funded by the Legal Services Commission (used to be called Legal Aid).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forensic psychiatrists typically work with attorneys and judges. Their purpose is to mediate psychiatric-legal issues that require a more professional perspective. Their scope of practice also includes helping their clients improve their mental status. A few duties that are typically expected of a forensic psychiatrist include determining readiness for parole, conducting assessments to determine any mental issues, evaluating injuries and their effects on the client, and determining competency. All of these tasks have one thing in common: their main focus is on evaluating capacity and competence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>These workers play an important role in combating the phenomenon of "double revolving doors" between hospitals and prisons. Many mentally ill patients will rotate between hospitals and prisons because they are not getting the help they need. Legal decisions affecting psychiatric patients are not made lightly and require an in-depth analysis of anyone involved. Forensic psychiatrists have a background in both the medical aspect of psychiatry as well as the legal aspects of a courtroom.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criminal_law_framework">Criminal law framework</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Criminal law framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Canada, certain credentialed medical practitioners may, at their discretion, make <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a>-sanctioned investigations into and diagnosis of mental illness.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Appropriate use of the <a href="/wiki/DSM-IV-TR" class="mw-redirect" title="DSM-IV-TR">DSM-IV-TR</a> is discussed in its section entitled "Use of the DSM-IV-TR in Forensic Settings". </p><p>Concerns have been expressed <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> that the Canadian criminal justice system <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discriminates</a> based on DSM IV diagnosis within the context of Part XX of the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_(Canada)" title="Criminal Code (Canada)">Criminal Code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This part sets out provisions for, among other things, court ordered attempts at "treatment" before individuals receive a trial as described in section 672.58 of the Criminal Code. Also provided for are court ordered "psychiatric assessments". Critics have also expressed concerns <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> that use of the DSM-IV-TR may conflict with section 2(b) of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a>, which guarantees the fundamental freedom of "thought, belief, opinion, and expression". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confidentiality">Confidentiality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Confidentiality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The position of the Canadian Psychiatric Association holds, "in recent years, serious incursions have been made by governments, powerful commercial interests, law enforcement agencies, and the courts on the rights of persons to their privacy." It goes on to state, "breaches or potential breaches of confidentiality in the context of therapy seriously jeopardize the quality of the information communicated between patient and psychiatrist and also compromise the mutual trust and confidence necessary for effective therapy to occur."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An outline of the forensic psychiatric process as it occurs in the province of Ontario is presented in the publication <i>The Forensic Mental Health System In Ontario: An Information Guide</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published by the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Addiction_and_Mental_Health" title="Centre for Addiction and Mental Health">Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</a> in Toronto. The Guide states: "Whatever you tell a forensic psychiatrist and the other professionals assessing you is not confidential." The Guide further states: "The forensic psychiatrist will report to the court using any available information, such as: police and hospital records, information given by your friends, family or co-workers, observations of you in the hospital." Also according to the Guide: "You have the right to refuse to take part in some or all of the assessment. Sometimes your friends or family members will be asked for information about you. They have the right to refuse to answer questions, too."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of note, the emphasis in the guide is on the right to refuse participation. This may seem unusual given that a result of a verdict of "Not Criminally Responsible by reason of Mental Disorder" is often portrayed as desirable to the defence, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Insanity_defense" title="Insanity defense">insanity defense</a> in the United States. A verdict of "Not Criminally Responsible" is referred to as a "defence" by the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_(Canada)" title="Criminal Code (Canada)">Criminal Code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the issue of the accused's mental state can also be raised by the Crown or by the court itself, rather than solely by the defence counsel, differentiating it from many other <a href="/wiki/Defense_(legal)" title="Defense (legal)">legal defences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treatment/assessment_conflict"><span id="Treatment.2Fassessment_conflict"></span>Treatment/assessment conflict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Treatment/assessment conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Ontario, a court-ordered inpatient forensic assessment for criminal responsibility typically involves both treatment and assessment being performed with the accused in the custody of a single multidisciplinary team over a 30- or 60-day period.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Concerns have been expressed that an accused may feel compelled on ethical, medical, or legal grounds to divulge information, medical, or otherwise, to assessors in an attempt to allow for and ensure safe and appropriate treatment during that period of custody.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some Internet references address treatment/assessment conflict as it relates to various justice systems, particularly civil litigation in other jurisdictions.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American Academy Of Psychiatry and the Law states in its ethics guidelines, "when a treatment relationship exists, such as in correctional settings, the usual physician-patient duties apply", which may be seen as contradiction.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In South Africa, patients are referred for observation for a period of 30 days by the courts if questions exist as to CST and MSO. Serious crimes require a panel, which may include two or more psychiatrists. Should the courts find the defendant not criminally responsible, the defendant may become a state patient and be admitted in a forensic psychiatric hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are referred to receive treatment for an indefinite period, but most were back in the community after three years.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educational_requirements">Educational requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Educational requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who has completed undergraduate school, medical school, and residency training. Forensic psychiatrists typically have additional training that is relevant to the job they hold (such as a focus in child/adolescent, geriatric, or addiction). Many forensic psychiatrists will complete a more specific training after their residency in a related area. This training typically lasts another one or two years. <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because they have earned a doctorate in medicine (MD), they are able to both diagnose and treat disorders related to their mental state. They are also able to prescribe medication. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training_standards">Training standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Training standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some practitioners of forensic psychiatry have taken extra training in that specific area. In the United States, one-year <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_(medicine)" title="Fellowship (medicine)">fellowships</a> are offered in this field to psychiatrists who have completed their general psychiatry training. Such psychiatrists may then be eligible to sit for a board certification examination in forensic psychiatry. In <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a>, one is required to complete a three-year subspeciality training in forensic psychiatry, after completing one's general psychiatry training, before receiving a <a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_Completion_of_Training" title="Certificate of Completion of Training">Certificate of Completion of Training</a> as a forensic psychiatrist. In some countries, general psychiatrists can practice forensic psychiatry, as well. However, other countries, such as Japan, require a specific certification from the government to do this type of work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychology" title="Forensic psychology">Forensic psychology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daubert_v._Merrell_Dow_Pharmaceuticals,_Inc." title="Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.">Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</a></i> which established the <a href="/wiki/Daubert_standard" title="Daubert standard">Daubert standard</a> delimiting the admissibility of scientific <a href="/wiki/Expert_witness" title="Expert witness">expert witness</a> testimony</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rennie_v._Klein" title="Rennie v. Klein">Rennie v. Klein</a></i> - right to refuse treatment</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_v._Hendricks" title="Kansas v. Hendricks">Kansas v. Hendricks</a></i> - involuntary civil commitment for sexual predators</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settled_insanity" title="Settled insanity">Settled insanity</a> – Condition caused by long-term substance abuse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_issue_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate issue (law)">Ultimate issue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twinkie_defense" title="Twinkie defense">Twinkie defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneri-Canella_case" title="Bruneri-Canella case">Bruneri-Canella case</a>, an early landmark case which introduced new forensic techniques in juridic debate</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHowellsDayThomas-Peter2004" class="citation journal cs1">Howells, Kevin; Day, Andrew; Thomas-Peter, Brian (September 2004). "Changing violent behaviour: Forensic mental health and criminological models compared". <i>Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology</i>. <b>15</b> (3): 391–406. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14788940410001655907">10.1080/14788940410001655907</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143889768">143889768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Forensic+Psychiatry+%26+Psychology&rft.atitle=Changing+violent+behaviour%3A+Forensic+mental+health+and+criminological+models+compared&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=391-406&rft.date=2004-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14788940410001655907&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143889768%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Howells&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Day%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Thomas-Peter%2C+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForensic+psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapl.org/ethics-guidelines">"Ethics Guidelines | AAPL – American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"</a>. <i>aapl.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aapl.org&rft.atitle=Ethics+Guidelines+%7C+AAPL+%E2%80%93+American+Academy+of+Psychiatry+and+the+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapl.org%2Fethics-guidelines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForensic+psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoge2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hoge, StevenK (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5282614">"Competence to stand trial: An overview"</a>. <i>Indian Journal of Psychiatry</i>. <b>58</b> (6): S187–S190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0019-5545.196830">10.4103/0019-5545.196830</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5282614">5282614</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28216768">28216768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Competence+to+stand+trial%3A+An+overview&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=S187-S190&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5282614%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28216768&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2F0019-5545.196830&rft.aulast=Hoge&rft.aufirst=StevenK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5282614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForensic+psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutheil2009" class="citation book cs1">Gutheil, Thomas G. (2009). <i>The Psychiatrist as Expert Witness</i> (2nd ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1585623426" title="Special:BookSources/978-1585623426"><bdi>978-1585623426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Psychiatrist+as+Expert+Witness&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=American+Psychiatric+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1585623426&rft.aulast=Gutheil&rft.aufirst=Thomas+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForensic+psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon,_Robert_and_Liza_Gold2010" class="citation book cs1">Simon, Robert and Liza Gold, ed. (2010). <i>American Psychiatric Textbook of Forensic Psychiatry</i>. American Psychiatric Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1585622641" title="Special:BookSources/978-1585622641"><bdi>978-1585622641</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Psychiatric+Textbook+of+Forensic+Psychiatry&rft.pub=American+Psychiatric+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1585622641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForensic+psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadoff2011" class="citation book cs1">Sadoff, Robert (2011-02-07). <i>Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychiatry. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aafs.org&rft.atitle=Careers+in+Psychiatry+%26+Behavioral+Science+%7C+American+Academy+of+Forensic+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aafs.org%2Fcareers-psychiatry-behavioral-science&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForensic+psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forensic_psychiatry&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Forensic_psychiatry" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Forensic psychiatry">Forensic psychiatry</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19168">Studies in Forensic Psychiatry</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Glueck,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Glueck, Sr.">Bernard Glueck, Sr.</a>, 1916, reprinted 1969, from <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forensic-psych.com/articles/artAskexp01.php">The Role of a Forensic Psychiatrist in Legal Proceedings</a>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_J._Bursztajn,_MD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold J. Bursztajn, MD (page does not exist)">Harold J. Bursztajn, MD</a>, 1993, from Journal of the Massachusetts Academy of Trial Attorneys with permission of Harold J. Bursztajn, MD.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2041909/Forensic_Psychiatry">Forensic psychiatry</a>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_L%C3%A9z%C3%A9,_Ph.D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Lézé, Ph.D (page does not exist)">Samuel Lézé, Ph.D</a>, 2014, from Andrew Scull (ed.), Cultural Sociology of Mental Illness : an A-to-Z Guide, Sage, pp. 313–14</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicolegalpsychiatry.com.au">MedicoLegal Psychiatry</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Psychiatry" title="Template:Psychiatry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Psychiatry" title="Template talk:Psychiatry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Psychiatry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Psychiatry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Psychiatry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subspecialties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_psychiatry" title="Addiction psychiatry">Addiction psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_psychiatry" title="Biological psychiatry">Biological psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_and_adolescent_psychiatry" title="Child and adolescent psychiatry">Child and adolescent psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_neuropsychiatry" title="Cognitive neuropsychiatry">Cognitive neuropsychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-cultural_psychiatry" title="Cross-cultural psychiatry">Cross-cultural psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_disability" title="Developmental disability">Developmental disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descriptive_psychiatry" title="Descriptive psychiatry">Descriptive psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eating_disorder" title="Eating disorder">Eating disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_psychiatry" title="Emergency psychiatry">Emergency psychiatry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Forensic psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geriatric_psychiatry" title="Geriatric psychiatry">Geriatric psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immuno-psychiatry" title="Immuno-psychiatry">Immuno-psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaison_psychiatry" title="Liaison psychiatry">Liaison psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_psychiatry" title="Military psychiatry">Military psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_psychiatry" title="Nutritional psychiatry">Nutritional psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcology" title="Narcology">Narcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropsychiatry" title="Neuropsychiatry">Neuropsychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palliative_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Palliative medicine">Palliative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_management" title="Pain management">Pain medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">Psychotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepsychiatry" title="Telepsychiatry">Telepsychiatry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Child_and_Adolescent_Psychiatry" title="American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry">American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Psychiatry_and_Neurology" title="American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology">American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Neuropsychiatric_Association" title="American Neuropsychiatric Association">American Neuropsychiatric Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Psychiatric_Association" title="American Psychiatric Association">American Psychiatric Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Psychiatric_Abuse" title="Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse">Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Society_of_Psychiatry" title="Chinese Society of Psychiatry">Chinese Society of Psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Psychiatry" title="Democratic Psychiatry">Democratic Psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Psychiatric_Association" title="European Psychiatric Association">European Psychiatric Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Initiative_on_Psychiatry" title="Global Initiative on Psychiatry">Global Initiative on Psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_College_of_Psychiatrists" title="Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists">Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Psychiatric_Association_of_Russia" title="Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia">Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Psychiatric_Society" title="Indian Psychiatric Society">Indian Psychiatric Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Mental_Health" title="National Institute of Mental Health">National Institute of Mental Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Association" title="Philadelphia Association">Philadelphia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Psychiatrists" title="Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists">Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Psychiatrists" title="Royal College of Psychiatrists">Royal College of Psychiatrists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Society_of_Child_and_Adolescent_Psychiatry" title="Taiwanese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry">Taiwanese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Commission_to_Investigate_the_Use_of_Psychiatry_for_Political_Purposes" title="Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes">Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Psychiatric_Association" title="World Psychiatric Association">World Psychiatric Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_medicine" title="Behavioral medicine">Behavioral medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_neuroscience" title="Clinical neuroscience">Clinical neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_about_psychiatry" title="Controversies about psychiatry">Controversies about psychiatry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-psychiatry" title="Anti-psychiatry">Anti-psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopsychiatry_controversy" title="Biopsychiatry controversy">Biopsychiatry controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy" title="Electroconvulsive therapy">Electroconvulsive therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin_shock_therapy" title="Insulin shock therapy">Insulin shock therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry" title="Political abuse of psychiatry">Political abuse of psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_survivors_movement" title="Psychiatric survivors movement">Psychiatric survivors movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_genetics" title="Imaging genetics">Imaging genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroimaging" title="Neuroimaging">Neuroimaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurophysiology" title="Neurophysiology">Neurophysiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentylenetetrazol" title="Pentylenetetrazol">Pentylenetetrazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_psychiatry" title="Philosophy of psychiatry">Philosophy of psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_epidemiology" title="Psychiatric epidemiology">Psychiatric epidemiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_genetics" title="Psychiatric genetics">Psychiatric genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">Psychiatric hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">Psychiatrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">Psychoanalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psycho-oncology" title="Psycho-oncology">Psycho-oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychopharmacology" title="Psychopharmacology">Psychopharmacology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosomatic_medicine" title="Psychosomatic medicine">Psychosomatic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosurgery" title="Psychosurgery">Psychosurgery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counseling_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of counseling topics">Counseling topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neurological_conditions_and_disorders" title="List of neurological conditions and disorders">Neurological conditions and disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychiatric_medications" title="List of psychiatric medications">Psychiatric medications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychiatric_medications_by_condition_treated" title="List of psychiatric medications by condition treated">by condition treated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_psychiatric_survivors_movement" title="Outline of the psychiatric survivors movement">Psychiatric survivors movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychiatrists" title="List of psychiatrists">Psychiatrists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_psychotherapies" title="List of psychotherapies">Psychotherapies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychiatry" title="Portal:Psychiatry">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_psychiatry" title="Outline of psychiatry">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4020335-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Forensic psychiatry"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85050558">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Psychiatrie légale"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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