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data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Smart_Voting" title="Smart Voting">Smart Voting</a> in Russia.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Vote Smart</b>, formerly called <b>Project Vote Smart</b>, is an American <a href="/wiki/Non-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit">non-profit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-partisan">non-partisan</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> research organization that collects and distributes information on candidates for public office in the United States. It covers candidates and elected officials in six basic areas: background information, issue positions (via the Political Courage Test), voting records, <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance in the United States">campaign finances</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interest_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Interest group">interest group</a> ratings, and speeches and public statements. This information is distributed via their web site, a <a href="/wiki/Toll-free_phone_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Toll-free phone number">toll-free phone number</a>, and print publications. The founding president of the organization was <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kimball" title="Richard Kimball">Richard Kimball</a>. Kimball became president emeritus in 2022, when Kyle Dell was announced as the new president of Vote Smart.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Vote Smart</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Votesmartlogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Votesmartlogo.png/250px-Votesmartlogo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Votesmartlogo.png/375px-Votesmartlogo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Votesmartlogo.png/500px-Votesmartlogo.png 2x" data-file-width="3334" data-file-height="1668"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1992<sup id="cite_ref-Stateman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stateman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">1153 24th Street, <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a> 50311</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Kyle Dell</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://votesmart.org">votesmart<wbr></wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Project Vote Smart</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>PVS also provides records of public statements, contact information for state and local election offices, polling place and <a href="/wiki/Absentee_ballot" title="Absentee ballot">absentee ballot</a> information, ballot measure descriptions for each state (where applicable), links to federal and state government agencies, and links to <a href="/wiki/Political_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties">political parties</a> and issue organizations. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Funding"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Funding</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Political_Courage_Test"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Political Courage Test</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#VoteEasy"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">VoteEasy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vote_Smart&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>In 1986, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kimball" title="Richard Kimball">Richard Kimball</a> ran unsuccessfully for one of Arizona's two U.S. Senate seats. In a candidates' debate, he described the campaign process to prospective voters: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Understand what we do to you. We spend all of our time raising money, often from strangers we do not even know. Then we spend it in three specific ways: First we measure you, what it is you want to purchase in the political marketplace—just like Campbell's soup or Kellogg's cereal. Next, we hire some consultants who know how to tailor our image to fit what we sell. Lastly, we bombard you with the meaningless, issueless, emotional nonsense that is always the result. And whichever one of us does that best will win.<sup id="cite_ref-Stateman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stateman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Kimball used this philosophy to found Vote Smart in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Stateman_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stateman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His founding board included Presidents <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (D) and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (R), plus Republican U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> and Democratic U.S. Senators <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Proxmire" title="William Proxmire">William Proxmire</a> as well as other nationally known figures.<sup id="cite_ref-Stateman_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stateman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally based at <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_University" title="Oregon State University">Oregon State University</a> in Corvallis, Oregon, PVS established its headquarters and research center in 1999 at the Great Divide Ranch near <a href="/wiki/Philipsburg,_Montana" title="Philipsburg, Montana">Philipsburg, Montana</a>. In 2006, Vote Smart added a branch at The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a> in Tucson, Arizona. Coincident with this move, Vote Smart gave its president Richard Kimball a pay increase that was criticized by some alumni and contributed to a reduction in its <a href="/wiki/Charity_Navigator" title="Charity Navigator">Charity Navigator</a> score.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2010, the Tucson office was closed in preparation for two new satellite research offices. The reason for the closure of the Tucson branch was also related to the university's budget cuts, which eliminated Vote Smart's "rent-free space at a 1,500- square-foot house off the main campus."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2011, Vote Smart moved its Key Votes Department and Political Courage Test Department to facilities offered by both the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vote Smart has since left the University of Southern California and moved its Political Courage Department to its Montana research center. </p><p>In March 2014, Vote Smart laid off six employees, citing financial difficulties. A seventh employee quit because of the sudden layoffs.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2016, Vote Smart announced that it would be selling its 150-acre ranch near Philipsburg, Montana, and relocating its headquarters after the November 2016 U.S. presidential election. Kimball said the ranch's secluded location, which housed 40 interns, had caused issues: "We have all the problems a university does with the experimental, adventurous, hormonal torrent that is the young. Only in the wilderness such things can become dangerous. Love was requited and denied, marriages were created, fights ensued, drinkers crashed, injuries of every sort, hospital trips too numerous to recall, some to sustain life, and distressingly, three deaths."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Drake_University" title="Drake University">Drake University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a> was later announced as the new headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vote_Smart&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Funding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Vote Smart says that it does not accept contributions from <a href="/wiki/Corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporations">corporations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor unions">labor unions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties">political parties</a>, or other organizations that lobby, support or oppose candidates or issues.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donors to the organization have included the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation_of_New_York" title="Carnegie Corporation of New York">Carnegie Corporation of New York</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/John_S._and_James_L._Knight_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="John S. and James L. Knight Foundation">John S. and James L. Knight Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Individual contributors are considered members, and are given the opportunity to visit their headquarters where they work as research volunteers alongside interns and staff.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Political_Courage_Test">Political Courage Test</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vote_Smart&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political Courage Test" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The Political Courage Test<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (formerly the National Political Awareness Test, NPAT) is an American initiative intended to increase transparency in <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">American politics</a>. </p><p>It is part of the voter education organization Vote Smart's candidate information program. With a view towards elections, the test seeks to obtain answers from election candidates, describing their respective stances on a variety of popular issues in American politics. This information is then made available to voters in a selection-driven, standardized format. </p><p>In 2008, Project Vote Smart kicked <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> off of the organization's board due to his refusal to fill out the Political Courage Test.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The response to the Political Courage Test has dropped, from 72% in 1996 to 48% in 2008<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even further to 20% by 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because politicians from both parties are afraid that challengers will use their responses out of context in attack ads, according to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. Rep. Anne Gannon, Democratic leader pro tempore of the <a href="/wiki/Florida_House_of_Representatives" title="Florida House of Representatives">Florida House of Representatives</a>, stated: "We tell our candidates not to do it. It sets them up for a hit piece." In response, Vote Smart has tried to shame politicians into it, and lets them leave up to 30% of answers blank.<sup id="cite_ref-waryofsurveys_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waryofsurveys-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="VoteEasy">VoteEasy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vote_Smart&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: VoteEasy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>VoteEasy is "the interactive tool that enables voters to compare their position on various issues with that of a candidate." It was introduced by Vote Smart during the 2010 election season.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following its launch, VoteEasy was a topic of interest among several national news organizations including <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Monitor">Christian Science Monitor</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vote_Smart&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vote_Smart&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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.citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Austin+American+Statesman&rft.atitle=Voting+time+approaches%3B+do+your+homework&rft.date=2010-09-24&rft.au=Editorial+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesman.com%2Fopinion%2Fvoting-time-approaches-do-your-homework-936143.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/campus-election-engagement-project/nonpartisan-issue-guide-f_b_2065227.html">"Virginia US Senate Race: Nonpartisan Issue Guide for George Allen Vs Tim Kaine"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. 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August 30, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azstarnet.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/article_9418d2ca-907c-583d-9035-fbe8ab813d08.html">"Project Vote Smart, a voter-aid group, leaving UA"</a>. <i>Arizona Daily Star</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arizona+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Project+Vote+Smart%2C+a+voter-aid+group%2C+leaving+UA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fazstarnet.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fgovt-and-politics%2Felections%2Farticle_9418d2ca-907c-583d-9035-fbe8ab813d08.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinraub2011" class="citation news cs1">Weinraub, Dara (January 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailytrojan.com/2011/01/20/project-vote-smart-comes-to-campus/">"Project Vote Smart comes to campus"</a>. <i>Daily Trojan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Trojan&rft.atitle=Project+Vote+Smart+comes+to+campus&rft.date=2011-01-20&rft.aulast=Weinraub&rft.aufirst=Dara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailytrojan.com%2F2011%2F01%2F20%2Fproject-vote-smart-comes-to-campus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson2014" class="citation news cs1">Erickson, David (March 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://missoulian.com/news/local/project-vote-smart-lays-off-considers-closing/article_0ec6e3b0-b169-11e3-95b7-001a4bcf887a.html">"Project Vote Smart lays off 6, considers closing"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Project+Vote+Smart+lays+off+6%2C+considers+closing&rft.date=2014-03-22&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmissoulian.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fproject-vote-smart-lays-off-considers-closing%2Farticle_0ec6e3b0-b169-11e3-95b7-001a4bcf887a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPentilla2016" class="citation news cs1">Pentilla, Annie (August 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/nonprofit-election-tracker-project-vote-smart-to-leave-philipsburg/article_916f5dd2-8230-5d2c-846d-c1df4cf6fa75.html">"Nonprofit election tracker Project Vote Smart to leave Philipsburg"</a>. Billings Gazette<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nonprofit+election+tracker+Project+Vote+Smart+to+leave+Philipsburg&rft.date=2016-08-08&rft.aulast=Pentilla&rft.aufirst=Annie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbillingsgazette.com%2Fnews%2Fstate-and-regional%2Fmontana%2Fnonprofit-election-tracker-project-vote-smart-to-leave-philipsburg%2Farticle_916f5dd2-8230-5d2c-846d-c1df4cf6fa75.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.drake.edu/2016/12/12/vote-smart-to-relocate-to-drake-university-in-des-moines/">"Vote Smart to relocate to Drake University in Des Moines"</a>. December 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vote+Smart+to+relocate+to+Drake+University+in+Des+Moines&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.drake.edu%2F2016%2F12%2F12%2Fvote-smart-to-relocate-to-drake-university-in-des-moines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStirland2012" class="citation news cs1">Stirland, Sarah Lai (February 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techpresident.com/news/21821/project-vote-smart-might-sell-ranch">"Strapped for Cash, Election Info-Providing Project Vote Smart Might Have To Sell The Ranch"</a>. Tech President<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Strapped+for+Cash%2C+Election+Info-Providing+Project+Vote+Smart+Might+Have+To+Sell+The+Ranch&rft.date=2012-02-23&rft.aulast=Stirland&rft.aufirst=Sarah+Lai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechpresident.com%2Fnews%2F21821%2Fproject-vote-smart-might-sell-ranch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNintzel2008" class="citation news cs1">Nintzel, Jim (April 17, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tucsonweekly.com/tucson/test-study/Content?oid=1091043">"Test Study: Why are politicians like John McCain suddenly so afraid of Project Vote Smart?"</a>. Tucson Weekly<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Test+Study%3A+Why+are+politicians+like+John+McCain+suddenly+so+afraid+of+Project+Vote+Smart%3F&rft.date=2008-04-17&rft.aulast=Nintzel&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tucsonweekly.com%2Ftucson%2Ftest-study%2FContent%3Foid%3D1091043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://votesmart.org/program_about_pvs.php">"Project Vote Smart Website - About Us"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Project+Vote+Smart+Website+-+About+Us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvotesmart.org%2Fprogram_about_pvs.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://votesmart.org/about/political-courage-test">"About the Political Courage Test"</a>. <i>VoteSmart</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VoteSmart&rft.atitle=About+the+Political+Courage+Test&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvotesmart.org%2Fabout%2Fpolitical-courage-test&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span> This includes links to other VoteSmart pages, e.g., to "View the current Political Courage Test forms."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein2008" class="citation news cs1">Stein, Jonathan (April 10, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2008/04/senator-straight-talk-wont-go-record-project-vote-smart">"McCain Gets the Boot From Project Vote Smart"</a>. Mother Jones<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=McCain+Gets+the+Boot+From+Project+Vote+Smart&rft.date=2008-04-10&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2008%2F04%2Fsenator-straight-talk-wont-go-record-project-vote-smart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaoreen2010" class="citation news cs1">Naoreen, Nuzhat (October 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108045745/http://www.mtv.com/news/1650119/voteeasy-website-aims-to-take-guesswork-out-of-voting/">"VoteEasy website aims to take guesswork out of voting: Nonprofit helps people find candidates whose opinions match up with their own"</a>. MTV. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.com/news/1650119/voteeasy-website-aims-to-take-guesswork-out-of-voting/">the original</a> on January 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=VoteEasy+website+aims+to+take+guesswork+out+of+voting%3A+Nonprofit+helps+people+find+candidates+whose+opinions+match+up+with+their+own&rft.date=2010-10-15&rft.aulast=Naoreen&rft.aufirst=Nuzhat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2F1650119%2Fvoteeasy-website-aims-to-take-guesswork-out-of-voting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotash2016" class="citation web cs1">Potash, Eric (November 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washingtonmonthly.com/2016/11/04/why-its-so-hard-to-find-out-where-the-candidates-stand/">"Why It's So Hard to Find Out Where the Candidates Stand"</a>. <i>Washington Monthly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Monthly&rft.atitle=Why+It%27s+So+Hard+to+Find+Out+Where+the+Candidates+Stand&rft.date=2016-11-04&rft.aulast=Potash&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwashingtonmonthly.com%2F2016%2F11%2F04%2Fwhy-its-so-hard-to-find-out-where-the-candidates-stand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-waryofsurveys-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-waryofsurveys_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2006" class="citation news cs1">Grant, Peter (October 25, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116173744805102790">"Politicians Grow Wary Of Survey as Internet Spreads Attack Ads"</a>. Wall Street Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Politicians+Grow+Wary+Of+Survey+as+Internet+Spreads+Attack+Ads&rft.date=2006-10-25&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB116173744805102790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazar2010" class="citation news cs1">Lazar, Shira (November 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/where-do-i-vote-digital-guide-to-voting-made-easy/">"Where Do I Vote? Digital Guide to Voting Made Easy"</a>. CBS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110120155051/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504464_162-20021211-504464.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Where+Do+I+Vote%3F+Digital+Guide+to+Voting+Made+Easy&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft.aulast=Lazar&rft.aufirst=Shira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fwhere-do-i-vote-digital-guide-to-voting-made-easy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2010" class="citation news cs1">Becker, Bernie (October 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/15/the-early-word-delaware-bound/">"The Early Word: Delaware-Bound"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Early+Word%3A+Delaware-Bound&rft.date=2010-10-15&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Bernie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F10%2F15%2Fthe-early-word-delaware-bound%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodale2010" class="citation journal cs1">Goodale, Gloria (October 12, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Elections/Vox-News/2010/1012/Project-Vote-Smart-unveils-tool-for-the-confused-Election-2010-voter">"Project Vote Smart unveils tool for the confused Election 2010 voter: Vote Smart's VoteEasy website compares your answers on 12 basic Election 2010 questions with answers from congressional candidates in your district. But it's not flawless"</a>. <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Project+Vote+Smart+unveils+tool+for+the+confused+Election+2010+voter%3A+Vote+Smart%27s+VoteEasy+website+compares+your+answers+on+12+basic+Election+2010+questions+with+answers+from+congressional+candidates+in+your+district.+But+it%27s+not+flawless.&rft.date=2010-10-12&rft.aulast=Goodale&rft.aufirst=Gloria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2FElections%2FVox-News%2F2010%2F1012%2FProject-Vote-Smart-unveils-tool-for-the-confused-Election-2010-voter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vote_Smart&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamascoMatterStutzer2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ramasco, José Javier; Matter, Ulrich; Stutzer, Alois (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488489">"pvsR: An Open Source Interface to Big Data on the American Political Sphere"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>10</b> (7): e0130501. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1030501M">2015PLoSO..1030501M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0130501">10.1371/journal.pone.0130501</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488489">4488489</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26132154">26132154</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=pvsR%3A+An+Open+Source+Interface+to+Big+Data+on+the+American+Political+Sphere&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=e0130501&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4488489%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015PLoSO..1030501M&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26132154&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0130501&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Ramasco&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Javier&rft.au=Matter%2C+Ulrich&rft.au=Stutzer%2C+Alois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4488489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Vote_Smart&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.votesmart.org">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/search?q=%22Project%20Vote%20Smart%22">"Project+Vote+Smart"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Core.ac.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Core.ac.uk">Core.ac.uk</a></i>, <q><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a> research papers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Core.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Project%2BVote%2BSmart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fsearch%3Fq%3D%2522Project%2520Vote%2520Smart%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVote+Smart" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><noscript><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" data-alt="Open access icon" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/pvsR/pvsR.pdf">"Package 'pvsR'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_R_Archive_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Comprehensive R Archive Network">Comprehensive 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