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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Treaties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treaties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_provisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_provisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Principal provisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principal_provisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses_to_the_treaties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses_to_the_treaties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Responses to the treaties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responses_to_the_treaties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evaluations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evaluations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Evaluations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evaluations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peace of Utrecht</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friede_von_Utrecht" title="Friede von Utrecht – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Friede von Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="معاهدة أوترخت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معاهدة أوترخت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trat%C3%A1u_d%27Utrecht" title="Tratáu d'Utrecht – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tratáu d'Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrext_s%C3%BClh%C3%BC" title="Utrext sülhü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Utrext sülhü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_(1713)" title="Утрэхцкі мірны дагавор (1713) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Утрэхцкі мірны дагавор (1713)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Утрехтски мирен договор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Утрехтски мирен договор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feur-emglev_Utrecht_(1713)" title="Feur-emglev Utrecht (1713) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Feur-emglev Utrecht (1713)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractat_d%27Utrecht" title="Tractat d'Utrecht – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tractat d'Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrechtsk%C3%BD_m%C3%ADr" title="Utrechtský mír – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Utrechtský mír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freden_i_Utrecht" title="Freden i Utrecht – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Freden i Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friede_von_Utrecht" title="Friede von Utrecht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Friede von Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%87%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Συνθήκη της Ουτρέχτης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Συνθήκη της Ουτρέχτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Utrecht" title="Tratado de Utrecht – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tratado de Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traktato_de_Utrecht" title="Traktato de Utrecht – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Traktato de Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrechteko_Ituna" title="Utrechteko Ituna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Utrechteko Ituna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="پیمان اوترخت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیمان اوترخت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait%C3%A9s_d%27Utrecht" title="Traités d'Utrecht – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traités d'Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conradh_Utrecht" title="Conradh Utrecht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Conradh Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Utrecht" title="Tratado de Utrecht – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tratado de Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%ED%9D%90%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD" title="위트레흐트 조약 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위트레흐트 조약" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirovni_ugovor_iz_Utrechta" title="Mirovni ugovor iz Utrechta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mirovni ugovor iz Utrechta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrato_di_Utrecht" title="Kontrato di Utrecht – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kontrato di Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Utrecht" title="Perjanjian Utrecht – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perjanjian Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractato_de_Utrecht" title="Tractato de Utrecht – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tractato de Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trattato_di_Utrecht" title="Trattato di Utrecht – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trattato di Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%98" title="הסכם אוטרכט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסכם אוטרכט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="უტრეხტის ზავი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უტრეხტის ზავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax_Traiecti_ad_Rhenum" title="Pax Traiecti ad Rhenum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pax Traiecti ad Rhenum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrechto_taika" title="Utrechto taika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Utrechto taika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrechti_b%C3%A9ke_(1713)" title="Utrechti béke (1713) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Utrechti béke (1713)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82_(1713)" title="Договор од Утрехт (1713) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Договор од Утрехт (1713)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B9" title="युट्रेख्टचा तह – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युट्रेख्टचा तह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="سلام اوتريخت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلام اوتريخت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Utrecht" title="Perjanjian Utrecht – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perjanjian Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrede_van_Utrecht_(1713)" title="Vrede van Utrecht (1713) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vrede van Utrecht (1713)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vreade_van_Utrecht" title="Vreade van Utrecht – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vreade van Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%92%E3%83%88%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84" title="ユトレヒト条約 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユトレヒト条約" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freden_i_Utrecht" title="Freden i Utrecht – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Freden i Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freden_i_Utrecht" title="Freden i Utrecht – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Freden i Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pok%C3%B3j_utrechcki" title="Pokój utrechcki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pokój utrechcki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratado_de_Utreque" title="Tratado de Utreque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tratado de Utreque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Utrecht" title="Tratatul de la Utrecht – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tratatul de la Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_(1713)" title="Утрехтский мирный договор (1713) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Утрехтский мирный договор (1713)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratadu_de_Utrecht" title="Tratadu de Utrecht – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tratadu de Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_o_Utrecht" title="Treaty o Utrecht – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Treaty o Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrechtsk%C3%BD_mier" title="Utrechtský mier – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Utrechtský mier" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrechtski_mir" title="Utrechtski mir – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Utrechtski mir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="پەیمانی ئۆترێخت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەیمانی ئۆترێخت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BC_%D1%83_%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D1%83" title="Споразум у Утрехту – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Споразум у Утрехту" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrechtski_mir" title="Utrechtski mir – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Utrechtski mir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrechtin_rauha" title="Utrechtin rauha – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Utrechtin rauha" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freden_i_Utrecht" title="Freden i Utrecht – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Freden i Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="உத்ரெக்ட் உடன்பாடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உத்ரெக்ட் உடன்பாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="สนธิสัญญายูเทรกต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สนธิสัญญายูเทรกต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrecht_Antla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Utrecht Antlaşması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Utrecht Antlaşması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_(1713)" title="Утрехтський мир (1713) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Утрехтський мир (1713)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87p_%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Utrecht" title="Hiệp ước Utrecht – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hiệp ước Utrecht" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrede_van_Utrecht_(1713)" title="Vrede van Utrecht (1713) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vrede van Utrecht (1713)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" title="烏得勒支和約 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="烏得勒支和約" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Utrecht&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1713–1715 peace treaties ending the War of the Spanish Succession</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Treaty of Utrecht" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Treaty of Utrecht (disambiguation)">Treaty of Utrecht (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Peace (Treaty) of Utrecht</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Treaty_of_Utrecht_(clean).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="First edition of the Anglo-Spanish treaty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_Treaty_of_Utrecht_%28clean%29.jpg/200px-The_Treaty_of_Utrecht_%28clean%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_Treaty_of_Utrecht_%28clean%29.jpg/300px-The_Treaty_of_Utrecht_%28clean%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/The_Treaty_of_Utrecht_%28clean%29.jpg/400px-The_Treaty_of_Utrecht_%28clean%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="553" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">First edition of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain in Spanish (left) and a later edition in Latin and English.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Context</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li>End of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">1713–1715</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signatories</th><td class="infobox-data attendee plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France"><img alt="Kingdom of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> of France</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire"><img alt="Flag of Spain (1701–60)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Spain_%281701%E2%80%931760%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain_%281701%E2%80%931760%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Spain_%281701%E2%80%931760%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain_%281701%E2%80%931760%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Spain_%281701%E2%80%931760%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain_%281701%E2%80%931760%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1774" data-file-height="1184" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a> <hr /></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne of Great Britain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Charles VI</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281701-1750%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281701-1750%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281701-1750%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281701-1750%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281701-1750%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281701-1750%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William I of Prussia">Frederick William I of Prussia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1640%E2%80%931777)" title="History of Portugal (1640–1777)"><img alt="Flag of Portugal (1707–1816)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281707%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/John_V_of_Portugal" title="John V of Portugal">John V of Portugal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic"><img alt="Dutch Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands#Dutch_Republic" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General of the Dutch Republic</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy"><img alt="Duchy of Savoy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Savoie.svg/23px-Flag_of_Savoie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Savoie.svg/35px-Flag_of_Savoie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Savoie.svg/46px-Flag_of_Savoie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia</a></span></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Full text at <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Treaty_of_Utrecht_between_Spain_and_Great_Britain" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain">Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Treaty_of_Utrecht_between_France_and_Great_Britain" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain">Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Peace of Utrecht</b> was a series of <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaties</a> signed by the belligerents in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>, in the Dutch city of <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> between April 1713 and February 1715. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne of Spain, and involved much of Europe for over a decade. Essentially, the treaties allowed <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> (grandson of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> of France) to keep the Spanish throne in return for permanently renouncing his claim to the French throne, along with other necessary guarantees that would ensure that France and Spain should not merge, thus preserving the balance of power in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The treaties between several European states, including <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700%E2%80%931810)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1700–1810)">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>, helped end the war. The treaties were concluded between the representatives of Louis XIV of France and of his grandson Philip on one hand, and representatives of <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Queen Anne of Great Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_II_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia">King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_V_of_Portugal" title="John V of Portugal">King John V of Portugal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces of the Netherlands">United Provinces of the Netherlands</a> on the other. Though the king of France ensured the Spanish crown for his dynasty, the treaties marked the end of French ambitions of <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemony</a> in Europe expressed in the continuous wars of Louis XIV, and paved the way to the European system based on the <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_in_international_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance of power in international relations">balance of power in international relations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negotiations">Negotiations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Negotiations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_c._1700.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Europe_c._1700.png/300px-Europe_c._1700.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Europe_c._1700.png/450px-Europe_c._1700.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Europe_c._1700.png/600px-Europe_c._1700.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption>Europe in 1701 at the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession</figcaption></figure> <p>On 2 January 1710, King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> of France agreed to commence <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_negotiations_in_Geertruidenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peace negotiations in Geertruidenberg (page does not exist)">peace negotiations in Geertruidenberg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversaciones_de_Geertruidenberg" class="extiw" title="es:Conversaciones de Geertruidenberg">es</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> had come to terms in October 1711, when the preliminaries of peace had been signed in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. The preliminaries were based on a tacit acceptance of the partition of Spain's European possessions. Following this, the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Utrecht">Congress of Utrecht</a> opened on 29 January 1712, with the British representatives being <a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_(1650%E2%80%931723)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robinson (1650–1723)">John Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Bristol" title="Bishop of Bristol">Bishop of Bristol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wentworth,_1st_Earl_of_Strafford_(1672%E2%80%931739)" title="Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (1672–1739)">Thomas Wentworth, Lord Strafford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reluctantly the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces of the Netherlands">United Provinces</a> accepted the preliminaries and sent representatives, but <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Charles_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Charles VI">Emperor Charles VI</a> refused to do so until he was assured that the preliminaries were not binding. This assurance was given, and so in February the Imperial representatives made their appearance. As <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip</a> was not yet recognized as its king, Spain did not at first send plenipotentiaries, but the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Savoy">Duke of Savoy</a> sent one, and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> was represented by <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_da_Cunha" title="Luís da Cunha">Luís da Cunha</a>. One of the first questions discussed was the nature of the guarantees to be given by France and Spain that their crowns would be kept separate, and little progress was made until 10 July 1712, when Philip signed a renunciation.<sup id="cite_ref-Falkner_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Falkner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With Great Britain, France and Spain having agreed to a "suspension of arms" (armistice) covering Spain on 19 August in Paris, the pace of negotiation quickened. The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by the truce between France and Savoy on 14 March 1713. That same day, Spain, Great Britain, France and the Empire agreed to the evacuation of <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistice</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. The main treaties of peace followed on 11 April 1713. These were five separate treaties between France and Great Britain, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. Spain under Philip V signed separate peace treaties with Savoy and Great Britain at Utrecht on 13 July. Negotiations at Utrecht dragged on into the next year, for the peace treaty between Spain and the Netherlands was only signed on 26 June 1714 and that between Spain and Portugal on 6 February 1715.<sup id="cite_ref-OPIL_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OPIL-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several other treaties came out of the congress of Utrecht. France signed treaties of commerce and navigation with Great Britain and the Dutch Republic (11 April 1713). Great Britain signed a like treaty with Spain (9 December 1713).<sup id="cite_ref-OPIL_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OPIL-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treaties">Treaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:War_of_the_Spanish_Succession_alliances_(1703).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession_alliances_%281703%29.png/220px-War_of_the_Spanish_Succession_alliances_%281703%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession_alliances_%281703%29.png/330px-War_of_the_Spanish_Succession_alliances_%281703%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession_alliances_%281703%29.png/440px-War_of_the_Spanish_Succession_alliances_%281703%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2729" data-file-height="2761" /></a><figcaption>Participants in the War of the Spanish Succession in 1703. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#dd5422; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(League_of_Augsburg)" title="Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)">Grand Alliance</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9d9cd2; color:black;"> </span> France and allies</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e8e5b2; color:black;"> </span> Neutral states</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embaixadores_e_Plenipotenci%C3%A1rios_de_Portugal_e_Castela_assinando_a_Paz_no_interior_do_Malho_aos_6_de_Fevereiro_de_1715.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Embaixadores_e_Plenipotenci%C3%A1rios_de_Portugal_e_Castela_assinando_a_Paz_no_interior_do_Malho_aos_6_de_Fevereiro_de_1715.jpg/220px-Embaixadores_e_Plenipotenci%C3%A1rios_de_Portugal_e_Castela_assinando_a_Paz_no_interior_do_Malho_aos_6_de_Fevereiro_de_1715.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Embaixadores_e_Plenipotenci%C3%A1rios_de_Portugal_e_Castela_assinando_a_Paz_no_interior_do_Malho_aos_6_de_Fevereiro_de_1715.jpg/330px-Embaixadores_e_Plenipotenci%C3%A1rios_de_Portugal_e_Castela_assinando_a_Paz_no_interior_do_Malho_aos_6_de_Fevereiro_de_1715.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Embaixadores_e_Plenipotenci%C3%A1rios_de_Portugal_e_Castela_assinando_a_Paz_no_interior_do_Malho_aos_6_de_Fevereiro_de_1715.jpg/440px-Embaixadores_e_Plenipotenci%C3%A1rios_de_Portugal_e_Castela_assinando_a_Paz_no_interior_do_Malho_aos_6_de_Fevereiro_de_1715.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1951" /></a><figcaption>Signature of the Treaty of Utrecht between Portugal and Spain, in the Maliebaan, on 6 February 1715. The <a href="/wiki/Dom_Tower_of_Utrecht" title="Dom Tower of Utrecht">Dom Tower</a> is visible in the background. From left to right: The <a href="/wiki/Francisco_T%C3%A9llez-Gir%C3%B3n,_6th_Duke_of_Osuna" title="Francisco Téllez-Girón, 6th Duke of Osuna">Duke of Osuna</a>, in red coat, <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_da_Cunha" title="Luís da Cunha">Luís da Cunha</a>, in black coat, The Secretaries, in blue and yellow coats and the Count of Tarouca, crouched, in brown coat. </figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6" align="center">Peace and friendship treaties of Utrecht and elsewhere </th></tr> <tr> <th>Date (<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">New Style / (Old Style)</a>) </th> <th>Treaty name </th> <th style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_The_Hague_(1701)" title="Treaty of The Hague (1701)">Anti-French side</a> </th> <th style="background-color:AliceBlue;">French side </th> <th>Texts </th></tr> <tr> <td>14 March 1713 </td> <td>Convention for the Evacuation of Catalonia<br />and the Armistice in Italy (Utrecht)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Spain">Bourbon Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/es:Convenci%C3%B3n_para_la_evacuaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Catalu%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="s:es:Convención para la evacuación de la Cataluña">Spanish</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA107">French/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 April 1713 (31 March 1713) </td> <td>Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Treaty_of_Utrecht_between_France_and_Great_Britain" class="extiw" title="s:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between France and Great Britain">English</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA8">French/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 April 1713 </td> <td>Peace Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:NL-HaNA_1.01.02_12597.107_voorblad.jpg" title="File:NL-HaNA 1.01.02 12597.107 voorblad.jpg">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/File:NL-HaNA_1.01.02_12597.108_voorblad.jpg" title="File:NL-HaNA 1.01.02 12597.108 voorblad.jpg">French</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA187">French/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 April 1713 </td> <td>Peace Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA123">French/German</a>,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jusmundi.com/en/document/decision/fr-question-des-frontieres-du-bresil-et-de-la-guyane-francaise-decision-du-1er-decembre-1900-saturday-1st-december-1900">French (Art. 8)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 April 1713 </td> <td>Peace Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA143">French/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 April 1713 </td> <td>Peace Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Savoyard_state" title="Savoyard state">Savoy</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA161">French/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 July 1713 (2 July 1713) </td> <td>Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Spain">Bourbon Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Treaty_of_Utrecht_between_Spain_and_Great_Britain" class="extiw" title="s:Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain">English</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/es:Tratado_de_Paz_y_Amistad_de_Utrecht_entre_Espa%C3%B1a_y_Gran_Breta%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="s:es:Tratado de Paz y Amistad de Utrecht entre España y Gran Bretaña">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/File:The_Treaty_of_Utrecht_(clean).jpg" title="File:The Treaty of Utrecht (clean).jpg">Spanish/Latin/English</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA667">French/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 July 1713 </td> <td>Peace, Alliance and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Savoyard_state" title="Savoyard state">Savoy</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Spain">Bourbon Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/es:Tratado_de_Paz,_Alianza_y_Amistad_de_Utrecht_entre_el_rey_de_Espa%C3%B1a_y_el_duque_de_Saboya" class="extiw" title="s:es:Tratado de Paz, Alianza y Amistad de Utrecht entre el rey de España y el duque de Saboya">Spanish</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA797">Spanish/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 March 1714 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rastatt" title="Treaty of Rastatt">Peace Treaty of Rastatt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg Austria</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA283">French/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 June 1714 </td> <td>Adjusted Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Spain">Bourbon Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/es:Tratados,_convenios_y_declaraciones_de_paz_y_de_Comercio/Tratado_de_Paz_y_Amistad_de_Utrecht_entre_Espa%C3%B1a_y_las_Provincias_Unidas_de_los_Pa%C3%ADses_Bajos" class="extiw" title="s:es:Tratados, convenios y declaraciones de paz y de Comercio/Tratado de Paz y Amistad de Utrecht entre España y las Provincias Unidas de los Países Bajos">Spanish</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 September 1714 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Baden_(1714)" title="Treaty of Baden (1714)">Peace Treaty of Baden</a> </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA371">Latin/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 February 1715 </td> <td>Adjusted Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td style="background-color:MistyRose;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td style="background-color:AliceBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Spain">Bourbon Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tratado_de_Utreque_de_1715_entre_Portugal_e_Espanha.pdf" title="File:Tratado de Utreque de 1715 entre Portugal e Espanha.pdf">Portuguese</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dipublico.org/118019/tratado-de-paz-y-amistad-ajustado-entre-espana-y-el-portugal-en-utrecht-a-6-de-febrero-de-1715/">Spanish</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6" align="center">Navigation, commerce and other treaties of Utrecht and elsewhere </th></tr> <tr> <th>Date (<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">New Style / (Old Style)</a>) </th> <th>Treaty name </th> <th>Side </th> <th>Side </th> <th>Texts </th></tr> <tr> <td>30 January 1713 (19 January 1713) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barrier_Treaty#Second_Treaty_(1713)" title="Barrier Treaty">Second Barrier Treaty (Utrecht)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/1.01.02/invnr/12626.13/file/NL-HaNA_1.01.02_12626.13_10">Latin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 April 1713<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Guelders" title="Prussian Guelders">Guelders</a> Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delpher.nl/nl/tijdschriften/view?coll=dts&identifier=dts:1658001:mpeg21:0093">German (p. 91–96)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 April 1713 </td> <td>Navigation and Commerce Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA227">French/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 April 1713 (31 March 1713) </td> <td>Navigation and Commerce Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA59">French/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 July 1713 </td> <td>Preliminary Commerce Treaty of Madrid </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Spain">Bourbon Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=avyteDcpMC0C&pg=PA115">Spanish</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 December 1713 (28 November 1713) </td> <td>Adjusted Commerce and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Spain">Bourbon Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=avyteDcpMC0C&pg=PA127">Spanish</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA733">Latin/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 November 1715 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barrier_Treaty#Third_Treaty_(1715)" title="Barrier Treaty">Third Barrier Treaty (Antwerp)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC&pg=PA461">French/German</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 December 1715 </td> <td>Explanatory Peace and Commerce Treaty of Madrid </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Spain">Bourbon Spain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=avyteDcpMC0C&pg=PA170">Spanish</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principal_provisions">Principal provisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Principal provisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_1714.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Europe_1714.png/220px-Europe_1714.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Europe_1714.png/330px-Europe_1714.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Europe_1714.png/440px-Europe_1714.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption>Western Europe in 1714, after the Treaties of Utrecht and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rastatt" title="Treaty of Rastatt">Treaty of Rastatt</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Peace confirmed the Bourbon candidate as <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a> to remain as king. In return, Philip renounced the French throne, both for himself and his descendants, with reciprocal renunciations by French Bourbons to the Spanish throne, including Louis XIV's nephew <a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe of Orléans</a>. These became increasingly important after a series of deaths between 1712 and 1714 left the five year old <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a> as his great-grandfather's heir.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Great Britain was the main beneficiary; Utrecht marked the point at which it became the primary European commercial power.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Article X, Spain ceded the strategic ports of <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Menorca" title="Menorca">Menorca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a major coup for the British delegation, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a> emerged from the treaty with the <i><a href="/wiki/Asiento_de_Negros" title="Asiento de Negros">Asiento de Negros</a></i>, which referred to the monopoly contract granted by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Spanish government</a> to other European nations to supply slaves to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spain's colonies in the Americas</a>. The <i>Asiento de Negros</i> had come about due to the fact that the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> rarely engaged in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">transatlantic slave trade</a> itself, preferring to outsource this to foreign merchants. <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> France had previously held the <i>Asiento de Negros</i>, allowing French slave traders to supply 5,000 slaves to the Spanish Empire each year; France had gained control over this contract after Philip V had become King of Spain. After the British government gained access to the <i>Asiento de Negros</i>, the economic prominence held by Dutch <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jewish</a> slaveowners began to fade, while the <a href="/wiki/South_Sea_Company" title="South Sea Company">South Sea Company</a> was established in hopes of gaining exclusive access to the contract. The British government sought to reduce its debt by increasing the volume of trade it had with Spain, which required gaining access to the <i>Asiento de Negros</i>; as historian <a href="/wiki/G.M._Trevelyan" class="mw-redirect" title="G.M. Trevelyan">G.M. Trevelyan</a> noted: "The finances of the country were based in May 1711 on the assumption that the Asiento, or monopoly of the slave trade with Spanish America, would be wrested from France as an integral part of the terms of peace". Following the passage of the treaty, the British government gained a thirty-year access to the <i>Asiento de Negros</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The importance placed by British negotiators on commercial interests was demonstrated by their demand for France to "level the fortifications of <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a>, block up the port and demolish the sluices that scour the harbour, [which] shall never be reconstructed".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was because Dunkirk was the primary base for French <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a>, as it was possible to reach the North Sea in a single tide and escape British patrols in the English Channel.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg/220px-Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg/330px-Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg/440px-Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>North America <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1750</span>, some French forts listed were not built until thirty years after 1713</figcaption></figure> <p>Under Article XIII and, despite the British demands to preserve <a href="/wiki/Catalan_constitutions" title="Catalan constitutions">Catalan constitutions and rights</a> in return for Catalonia's support for the Allies during the war, Spain only agreed to grant an amnesty, thus implying the imposition of the laws and institutions of Castile to the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a>, as it already happened in 1707 to the other occupied kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanish territories in Italy and <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> were divided, with <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a> receiving <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a>. The former <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan went to <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Charles VI</a>. In South America, Spain returned <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B3nia_do_Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Colónia do Sacramento">Colónia do Sacramento</a> in modern Uruguay to Portugal and recognised Portuguese sovereignty over the lands between the Amazon and <a href="/wiki/Oyapock" title="Oyapock">Oyapock</a> rivers, now in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In North America, France recognised British <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a>, and ceded <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> and its claims to <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a> and territories in <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French portion of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> was also ceded in its entirety to Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France retained its other pre-war North American possessions, including <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>, where it built the <a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Fortress of Louisbourg</a>, then the most expensive military installation in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The successful French <a href="/wiki/Rhine_campaign_(1713)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine campaign (1713)">Rhineland campaign of 1713</a> finally induced Charles to sign the 1714 treaties of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rastatt" title="Treaty of Rastatt">Rastatt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Baden_(1714)" title="Treaty of Baden (1714)">Baden</a>, although terms were not agreed with Spain until the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_The_Hague_(1720)" title="Treaty of The Hague (1720)">1720 Treaty of The Hague</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses_to_the_treaties">Responses to the treaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Responses to the treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hmap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hmap.jpg/370px-Hmap.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hmap.jpg/555px-Hmap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hmap.jpg/740px-Hmap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8302" data-file-height="5585" /></a><figcaption>North America in 1760, immediately before the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris</a>. Note that New England was at this time depicted as bordering the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a>, that the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a> occupied the geographic area of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, that <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> occupied much of the region to the south of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a> and that <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> had not yet been divided by <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The treaty's territorial provisions did not go as far as the <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whigs</a> in Britain would have liked, considering that the French had made overtures for peace in 1706 and again in 1709. The Whigs considered themselves the heirs of the staunch anti-French policies of <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III of England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough</a>. The Whigs were now a minority in the house, but still pushing their anti-peace agenda. The whigs opposed peace every step of the way. The Whigs even called the treaty a sellout for letting the duke of Anjou stay on the Spanish throne.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliaments_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliaments of Great Britain">Parliament of 1710</a> the <a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tories</a> had gained control of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Great_Britain" title="House of Commons of Great Britain">House of Commons</a>, and they wished for an end to Great Britain's participation in a European war. <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Queen Anne</a> and her advisors had also come to agree.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party in the administration of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Mortimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Mortimer">Robert Harley</a> (created Earl of Oxford and Mortimer on 23 May 1711) and the <a href="/wiki/Henry_St_John,_1st_Viscount_Bolingbroke" title="Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke">Viscount Bolingbroke</a> proved more flexible at the bargaining table and were characterized by the Whigs as "pro-French"; Oxford and Bolingbroke persuaded the Queen to create twelve new "Tory peers"<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to ensure ratification of the treaty in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. The opponents of the treaty tried to rally support under the slogan of <i><a href="/wiki/No_Peace_Without_Spain" title="No Peace Without Spain">No Peace Without Spain</a></i>. </p><p>Although the fate of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a> in particular was of interest to the United Provinces, Dutch influence on the outcome of the negotiations was fairly insignificant, even though the talks were held on their territory. The French negotiator <a href="/wiki/Melchior_de_Polignac" title="Melchior de Polignac">Melchior de Polignac</a> taunted the Dutch with the scathing remark <i>de vous, chez vous, sans vous</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that negotiations would be held "about you, around you, without you". The fact that Bolingbroke had secretly ordered the British commander, <a href="/wiki/James_Butler,_2nd_Duke_of_Ormonde" title="James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde">the Duke of Ormonde</a>, to withdraw from the Allied forces before the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Denain" title="Battle of Denain">Battle of Denain</a> (informing the French but not the Allies), and the fact that they secretly arrived at separate peace with France was a <i>fait accompli</i>, made the objections of the Allies pointless.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In any case, the Dutch achieved their <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(international_law)" title="Condominium (international law)">condominium</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Netherlands" title="Austrian Netherlands">Austrian Netherlands</a> with the Austro-Dutch <a href="/wiki/Barrier_Treaty" title="Barrier Treaty">Barrier Treaty</a> of 1715.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power (international relations)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allegory_on_the_Peace_of_Utrecht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Allegory_on_the_Peace_of_Utrecht.jpg/330px-Allegory_on_the_Peace_of_Utrecht.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Allegory_on_the_Peace_of_Utrecht.jpg/495px-Allegory_on_the_Peace_of_Utrecht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Allegory_on_the_Peace_of_Utrecht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption><i>Allegory of the Peace of Utrecht</i> by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Rivalz" title="Antoine Rivalz">Antoine Rivalz</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Treaty stipulated that "because of the great danger which threatened the liberty and safety of all Europe, from the too close conjunction of the kingdoms of Spain and France, ... one and the same person should never become King of both kingdoms".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians argue this makes it a significant milestone in the evolution of the modern nation state and concept of a <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_in_international_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance of power in international relations">balance of power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>First mentioned in 1701 by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Davenant" title="Charles Davenant">Charles Davenant</a> in his <i>Essays on the Balance of Power</i>, it was widely publicised in Britain by author and Tory satirist <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a> in his 1709 article <i>A Review of the Affairs of France</i>. The idea was reflected in the wording of the treaties and resurfaced after the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> in the 1815 <a href="/wiki/Concert_of_Europe" title="Concert of Europe">Concert of Europe</a> that dominated Europe in the 19th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For the individual signatories, Britain established naval superiority over its competitors, commercial access to Spain and America, and control of Menorca and Gibraltar; it retains the latter territory to this day. France accepted the Protestant succession on the British throne, ensuring a smooth transition when Anne died in August 1714, and ended its support for the Stuarts under the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Alliance_(1716%E2%80%931731)" title="Anglo-French Alliance (1716–1731)">1716 Anglo-French Treaty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the war left all participants with unprecedented levels of government debt, only Great Britain successfully financed it.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_Moeller_-_Erzherzogin_Maria_Theresia_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Andreas_Moeller_-_Erzherzogin_Maria_Theresia_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg/240px-Andreas_Moeller_-_Erzherzogin_Maria_Theresia_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Andreas_Moeller_-_Erzherzogin_Maria_Theresia_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg/360px-Andreas_Moeller_-_Erzherzogin_Maria_Theresia_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Andreas_Moeller_-_Erzherzogin_Maria_Theresia_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg/480px-Andreas_Moeller_-_Erzherzogin_Maria_Theresia_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="1374" /></a><figcaption>Ensuring the succession of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> reduced Austria's gains from the war, and ultimately led to the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a> in 1740</figcaption></figure> <p>Spain retained the majority of its Empire and recovered remarkably quickly; the recapture of Naples and Sicily in 1718 was only prevented by British naval power and a second attempt was successful in 1734. The 1707, 1715 and 1716 <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Planta_decrees" title="Nueva Planta decrees"><i>Nueva Planta</i> decrees</a> abolished regional political structures in the kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Majorca</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a>, although Catalonia and Aragon retained some of these rights until 1767.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite failure in Spain, Austria secured its position in Italy and Hungary, allowing it to continue expansion into areas of South-East Europe previously held by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. Even after paying expenses associated with the <a href="/wiki/Barrier_Treaty" title="Barrier Treaty">Dutch Barrier</a>, increased tax revenues from the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Netherlands" title="Austrian Netherlands">Austrian Netherlands</a> funded a significant upgrade of the Austrian military.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these gains were diminished by various factors, chiefly the disruption of the <a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_Sanction_of_1713" title="Pragmatic Sanction of 1713">Pragmatic Sanction of 1713</a> caused by Charles disinheriting his nieces in favour of his daughter <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Attempts to ensure its succession involved Austria in wars of little strategic value; much of the fighting in the 1733–1735 <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a> taking place in its maritime provinces in Italy. Austria had traditionally relied on naval support from the Dutch, whose own capability had been severely degraded; Britain prevented the loss of Sicily and Naples in 1718 but refused to do so again in 1734.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dispute continued to loosen Habsburg control over the Empire; Bavaria, Hanover, Prussia and Saxony increasingly acted as independent powers and in 1742, <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles of Bavaria</a> became the first non-Habsburg Emperor in over 300 years.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acquisition of the <a href="/wiki/Barrier_Treaty" title="Barrier Treaty">Barrier Fortresses</a> however became an important asset of Dutch foreign policy and enlarged their sphere of influence. Although judged favourably by contemporaries,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen200231_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen200231-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was later argued that the barrier proved to be largely illusory when put to the test during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Austrian_Succession" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Austrian Succession">War of Austrian Succession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch had in any case successfully defended their positions in the Southern Netherlands and their troops were central in the alliance which halted French territorial expansion in Europe until a new cycle began in <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">1792</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020354_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020354-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the final settlement at Utrecht was far more favourable to France than the Allied offer of 1709 had been, it gained little that had not already been achieved through diplomacy by February 1701.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though France remained a great power, concern at its relative decline in military and economic terms compared to Britain was an underlying cause of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a> in 1740.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evaluations">Evaluations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Evaluations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The British historian <a href="/wiki/G._M._Trevelyan" title="G. M. Trevelyan">G. M. Trevelyan</a> has argued that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>That Treaty, which ushered in the stable and characteristic period of Eighteenth-Century civilization, marked the end of danger to Europe from the old French monarchy, and it marked a change of no less significance to the world at large, – the maritime, commercial and financial supremacy of Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The British academic <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Simms" title="Brendan Simms">Brendan Simms</a> argues that: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Britain had shaped Europe in her interests at the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. It soon became clear, however, that she had designed a system to deal with past threats, principally from France, rather than those of the future. The new challenges came first from Spain, which was unreconciled to the loss of its Mediterranean lands.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed status of Gibraltar">Disputed status of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Shore" title="French Shore">French Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Moll" title="Herman Moll">Herman Moll</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Te_Deum_and_Jubilate" title="Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate">Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate</a>,</i> composition by Handel</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBucholz2020" class="citation book cs1">Bucholz, Robert (2020). <i>Early Modern England 1485–1714</i> (3rd ed.). Wiley Blackwell. p. 362. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118532225" title="Special:BookSources/9781118532225"><bdi>9781118532225</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Modern+England+1485%E2%80%931714&rft.pages=362&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781118532225&rft.aulast=Bucholz&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.R. Palmer, <i>A History of the Modern World</i> 2nd ed. 1961, p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Articles preliminaires accordez & promis per le Roi T.C. pour servir de fondement aux Negociations de Geertruydenberg. Le 2. Janvier 1710</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The staunch <a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tory</a> Strafford was hauled before a committee of Parliament for his part in the treaty, which the <a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whigs</a> considered not advantageous enough.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Falkner-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Falkner_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Falkner2015" class="citation book cs1">James Falkner (2015). <i>The War of the Spanish Succession 1701–1714</i>. Pen and Sword. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781590317" title="Special:BookSources/9781781590317"><bdi>9781781590317</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+the+Spanish+Succession+1701%E2%80%931714&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781781590317&rft.au=James+Falkner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OPIL-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OPIL_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OPIL_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Randall Lesaffer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opil.ouplaw.com/page/utrecht-peace/The-Peace-of-Utrecht-and-the-Balance-of-Power">"The Peace of Utrecht and the Balance of Power"</a>, <i>Oxford Public International Law</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:oht/law-oht-27-CTS-409.regGroup.1/law-oht-27-CTS-409">Oxford Public International Law</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetherlands1893" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Netherlands (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WOo7AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA445"><i>Verslagen omtrent 's rijks oude Archieven</i></a> (in Dutch). The Hague<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Verslagen+omtrent+%27s+rijks+oude+Archieven&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.date=1893&rft.au=Netherlands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWOo7AQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomerset2012" class="citation book cs1">Somerset, Anne (2012). <i>Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion</i>. Harper Press. p. 470. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780007203765" title="Special:BookSources/9780007203765"><bdi>9780007203765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+Anne%3A+The+Politics+of+Passion&rft.pages=470&rft.pub=Harper+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780007203765&rft.aulast=Somerset&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPincus" class="citation journal cs1">Pincus, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/ren/projects/archive/newberry/collaborativeprogramme/ren-earlymod-communities/britishandamericanhistories/25march/session3reading/rethinkingmercantilism.pdf">"Rethinking Mercantilism: Political Economy, The British Empire and the Atlantic World in the 17th and 18th Centuries"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Warwick University</i>: 7–8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Warwick+University&rft.atitle=Rethinking+Mercantilism%3A+Political+Economy%2C+The+British+Empire+and+the+Atlantic+World+in+the+17th+and+18th+Centuries&rft.pages=7-8&rft.aulast=Pincus&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarwick.ac.uk%2Ffac%2Farts%2Fren%2Fprojects%2Farchive%2Fnewberry%2Fcollaborativeprogramme%2Fren-earlymod-communities%2Fbritishandamericanhistories%2F25march%2Fsession3reading%2Frethinkingmercantilism.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnne,_Queen_of_Great_BritainKing_Philip_V_of_Spain1713" class="citation web cs1">Anne, Queen of Great Britain; King Philip V of Spain (July 1713). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Treaty_of_Utrecht_between_Spain_and_Great_Britain">"Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht between Spain and Great Britain"</a>. pp. Articles X and XI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peace+and+Friendship+Treaty+of+Utrecht+between+Spain+and+Great+Britain&rft.pages=Articles+X+and+XI&rft.date=1713-07&rft.au=Anne%2C+Queen+of+Great+Britain&rft.au=King+Philip+V+of+Spain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FPeace_and_Friendship_Treaty_of_Utrecht_between_Spain_and_Great_Britain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drescher: JANCAST (p. 451): "Jewish mercantile influence in the politics of the Atlantic slave trade probably reached its peak in the opening years of the eighteenth century ... the political and the economic prospects of Dutch Sephardic [Jewish] capitalists rapidly faded, however, when the British emerged with the asiento [permission to sell slaves in Spanish possessions] at the Peace of Utrecht in 1713".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>England Under Queen Anne</i> Vol III, by G. M. Trevelyan, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Africa, Its Geography, People, and Products</i>, by W. E. B. Du Bois <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Slavery and Augustan Literature</i> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Capitalism and Slavery</i>, p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A History of Colonial America</i> by Oliver Perry Chitwood, p. 345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1950" class="citation journal cs1">Moore, John Robert (1950). "Defoe, Steele, and the Demolition of Dunkirk". <i>Huntington Library Quarterly</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 279–302. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3816138">10.2307/3816138</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3816138">3816138</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huntington+Library+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Defoe%2C+Steele%2C+and+the+Demolition+of+Dunkirk&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=279-302&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3816138&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3816138%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBromley1987" class="citation book cs1">Bromley, J. S. (1987). <i>Corsairs and Navies 1600–1760</i>. Continnuum-3PL. p. 233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780907628774" title="Special:BookSources/9780907628774"><bdi>9780907628774</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corsairs+and+Navies+1600%E2%80%931760&rft.pages=233&rft.pub=Continnuum-3PL&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780907628774&rft.aulast=Bromley&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbareda_Salvadó2010" class="citation book cs1">Albareda Salvadó, Joaquim (2010). <i>La Guerra de Sucesión en España (1700–1714)</i>. Ed. Crítica. p. 344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-9892-060-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-9892-060-4"><bdi>978-84-9892-060-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Guerra+de+Sucesi%C3%B3n+en+Espa%C3%B1a+%281700%E2%80%931714%29&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=Ed.+Cr%C3%ADtica&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-84-9892-060-4&rft.aulast=Albareda+Salvad%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Joaquim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampos2007" class="citation web cs1">Campos, Luciano Rodrigues (21 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080622143446/http://www.webartigos.com/articles/4873/1/o-arbitramento-no-amapa/pagina1.html">"O Arbitramento No Amapá"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webartigos.com/articles/4873/1/o-arbitramento-no-amapa/pagina1.html">the original</a> on 22 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=O+Arbitramento+No+Amap%C3%A1&rft.date=2007-04-21&rft.aulast=Campos&rft.aufirst=Luciano+Rodrigues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webartigos.com%2Farticles%2F4873%2F1%2Fo-arbitramento-no-amapa%2Fpagina1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Chalmers1790" class="citation web cs1">George Chalmers, Great Britain (24 January 1790). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acollectiontrea00britgoog">"A Collection of Treaties Between Great Britain and Other Powers"</a>. Printed for J. Stockdale – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Collection+of+Treaties+Between+Great+Britain+and+Other+Powers&rft.pub=Printed+for+J.+Stockdale&rft.date=1790-01-24&rft.aulast=George+Chalmers&rft.aufirst=Great+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Facollectiontrea00britgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyle2016" class="citation book cs1">Royle, Trevor (2016). <i>Culloden; Scotland's Last Battle and the Forging of the British Empire</i>. Little, Brown. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408704011" title="Special:BookSources/9781408704011"><bdi>9781408704011</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culloden%3B+Scotland%27s+Last+Battle+and+the+Forging+of+the+British+Empire&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781408704011&rft.aulast=Royle&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/treaties-of-Utrecht">"Treaties of Utrecht – European history"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 4 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Treaties+of+Utrecht+%E2%80%93+European+history&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2024-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Ftreaties-of-Utrecht&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBucholz2020" class="citation book cs1">Bucholz, Robert (2020). <i>Early Modern England 1485–1714</i> (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell. p. 363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118532225" title="Special:BookSources/9781118532225"><bdi>9781118532225</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Modern+England+1485%E2%80%931714&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.pages=363&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781118532225&rft.aulast=Bucholz&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBucholz2020" class="citation book cs1">Bucholz, Robert (2020). <i>Early Modern England 1485–1714</i>. Wiley Blackwell. p. 362. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118532225" title="Special:BookSources/9781118532225"><bdi>9781118532225</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Modern+England+1485%E2%80%931714&rft.pages=362&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781118532225&rft.aulast=Bucholz&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The twelve peers consisted of two who were <a href="/wiki/Writ_of_acceleration" title="Writ of acceleration">summoned in their father's baronies</a>, Lords Compton (Northampton) and Bruce (Ailesbury), and ten recruits, namely Lords Hay (Kinnoull), Mountjoy, Burton (Paget), Mansell, Middleton, Trevor, Lansdowne, Masham, Foley, and Bathurst. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.ac.uk/eseminars/sem17.html#3">David Backhouse, "Tory Tergiversation In The House of Lords, 1714–1760"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060628080733/http://www.history.ac.uk/eseminars/sem17.html">Archived</a> 28 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szabo, I. (1857). <i>The State Policy of Modern Europe from the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century to the Present Time. Vol. I</i>, Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, W. (2002). <i>Marlborough: His Life and Times</i>, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0226106365, pp. 954–955</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Israel" title="Jonathan Israel">Israel, J. I.</a> (1995), <i>The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806</i>, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198730721 hardback, ISBN 0198207344 paperback, p. 978</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article II, Peace and Friendship Treaty of Utrecht.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLesaffer2014" class="citation web cs1">Lesaffer, Randall (10 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.oup.com/2014/11/utrecht-peace-treaty-balance-power-europe/">"The peace of Utrecht and the balance of power"</a>. <i>OUP Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OUP+Blog&rft.atitle=The+peace+of+Utrecht+and+the+balance+of+power&rft.date=2014-11-10&rft.aulast=Lesaffer&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.oup.com%2F2014%2F11%2Futrecht-peace-treaty-balance-power-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzechi1994" class="citation book cs1">Szechi, Daniel (1994). <i>The Jacobites: Britain and Europe, 1688–1788</i> (First ed.). Manchester University Press. pp. 93–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3774-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3774-0"><bdi>978-0-7190-3774-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jacobites%3A+Britain+and+Europe%2C+1688%E2%80%931788&rft.pages=93-95&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-3774-0&rft.aulast=Szechi&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlosNealWandschneider2006" class="citation journal cs1">Carlos, Ann; Neal, Larry; Wandschneider, Kirsten (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helsinki.fi/iehc2006/papers1/Carlos.pdf">"The Origins of National Debt: The Financing and Re-financing of the War of the Spanish Succession"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Economic History Association</i>: 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Economic+History+Association&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+National+Debt%3A+The+Financing+and+Re-financing+of+the+War+of+the+Spanish+Succession&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Carlos&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.au=Neal%2C+Larry&rft.au=Wandschneider%2C+Kirsten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2Fiehc2006%2Fpapers1%2FCarlos.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVives_Vi1969" class="citation book cs1">Vives Vi, Jaime (1969). <i>An Economic History of Spain</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 591. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691051659" title="Special:BookSources/9780691051659"><bdi>9780691051659</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Economic+History+of+Spain&rft.pages=591&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780691051659&rft.aulast=Vives+Vi&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalkner2015" class="citation book cs1">Falkner, James (2015). <i>The War of the Spanish Succession</i> (Kindle ed.). 4173–4181: Pen and Sword Military. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0189PTWZG">B0189PTWZG</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+the+Spanish+Succession&rft.place=4173%E2%80%934181&rft.edition=Kindle&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Military&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0189PTWZG%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Falkner&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKann1974" class="citation book cs1">Kann, Robert A (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofhabsbur00kann"><i>A History of the Habsburg Empire 1526–1918</i></a></span> (1980 ed.). University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofhabsbur00kann/page/88">88–89</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04206-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04206-3"><bdi>978-0-520-04206-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Habsburg+Empire+1526%E2%80%931918&rft.pages=88-89&rft.edition=1980&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-520-04206-3&rft.aulast=Kann&rft.aufirst=Robert+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofhabsbur00kann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1995" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, M. S. (1995). <i>The War of Austrian Succession 1740–1748</i>. Routledge. pp. 10–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-05950-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-05950-4"><bdi>978-0-582-05950-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+Austrian+Succession+1740%E2%80%931748&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-582-05950-4&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsay1957" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Lindsay, J. O. (1957). <i>The New Cambridge Modern History</i>. Vol. 7: The Old Regime, 1713–1763. Cambridge University Press. p. 420. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521045452" title="Special:BookSources/9780521045452"><bdi>9780521045452</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Modern+History&rft.pages=420&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=9780521045452&rft.aulast=Lindsay&rft.aufirst=J.+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2014" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, John (2014). Dadson, Trevor (ed.). <i>The Road to Utrecht in Britain, Spain and the Treaty of Utrecht 1713–2013</i>. Routledge. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-909662-22-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-909662-22-3"><bdi>978-1-909662-22-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Utrecht+in+Britain%2C+Spain+and+the+Treaty+of+Utrecht+1713%E2%80%932013&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-909662-22-3&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen200231-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen200231_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2002">Van Nimwegen 2002</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKubben2011" class="citation book cs1">Kubben, Raymond (2011). <i>Regeneration and Hegemony: Franco-Batavian Relations in the Revolutionary Era 1795–1803</i>. Martinus Nijhoff. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18558-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18558-6"><bdi>978-90-04-18558-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regeneration+and+Hegemony%3A+Franco-Batavian+Relations+in+the+Revolutionary+Era+1795%E2%80%931803&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-04-18558-6&rft.aulast=Kubben&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard1922" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Adolphus William (1922). <i>The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, Volume 2</i> (2011 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108040136" title="Special:BookSources/9781108040136"><bdi>9781108040136</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+British+Foreign+Policy%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=57&rft.edition=2011&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1922&rft.isbn=9781108040136&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Adolphus+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020354-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Nimwegen2020354_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020">Van Nimwegen 2020</a>, p. 354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBocholz2020" class="citation book cs1">Bocholz, Robert (2020). <i>Early Modern England 1485-1714</i> (3rd ed.). Wiley Blackwell. p. 364. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-53222-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-53222-5"><bdi>978-1-118-53222-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Modern+England+1485-1714&rft.pages=364&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-118-53222-5&rft.aulast=Bocholz&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynn1999" class="citation book cs1">Lynn, John (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warsoflouisxiv1600lynn/page/361"><i>The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714</i></a>. Modern Wars in Perspective. Longman. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warsoflouisxiv1600lynn/page/361">361–362</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-05629-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-05629-9"><bdi>978-0-582-05629-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wars+of+Louis+XIV%2C+1667%E2%80%931714&rft.series=Modern+Wars+in+Perspective&rft.pages=361-362&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-582-05629-9&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarsoflouisxiv1600lynn%2Fpage%2F361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.M. Trevelyan, <i>A shortened history of England</i> (1942) p. 363</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrendan_Simms2016" class="citation book cs1">Brendan Simms (2016). <i>Britain's Europe: A Thousand Years of Conflict and Cooperation</i>. Penguin Books Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141983899" title="Special:BookSources/9780141983899"><bdi>9780141983899</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Europe%3A+A+Thousand+Years+of+Conflict+and+Cooperation&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780141983899&rft.au=Brendan+Simms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bruin, Renger and Cornelis Haven, eds. <i>Performances of Peace: Utrecht 1713</i> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctt1w76w4b">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrist1726" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Christ, Johann Friedrich (1726). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hGsrpVwelkC"><i>Ruhe des jetzt lebenden Europa Dargestellet in Sammlung der neuesten Europaeischen Friedens-Schlüße, Wie dieselbe unter Regierung ... Käyser Carl des VI. Von den Utrechtischen an biY auf dieses 1726te Jahr zum Vorschein gekommen; Dem Original-Text nach emendat und zuverläßig nebst guter und verbesserter Ubersetzung der mehresten Stücke auch kurtzen Inhalt und Summarien Wie nicht weniger mit Remißionen, Anmerckungen und Registern ... Als ein politisches Manual-Buch ausgefertiget. Erste und Andere Abtheilung: Die Ruhe gegen Frankreich und Spanien enthaltend</i></a> (in German). Coburg: Paul Günther Pfotenhauer. p. 1044<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruhe+des+jetzt+lebenden+Europa+Dargestellet+in+Sammlung+der+neuesten+Europaeischen+Friedens-Schl%C3%BC%C3%9Fe%2C+Wie+dieselbe+unter+Regierung+...+K%C3%A4yser+Carl+des+VI.+Von+den+Utrechtischen+an+biY+auf+dieses+1726te+Jahr+zum+Vorschein+gekommen%3B+Dem+Original-Text+nach+emendat+und+zuverl%C3%A4%C3%9Fig+nebst+guter+und+verbesserter+Ubersetzung+der+mehresten+St%C3%BCcke+auch+kurtzen+Inhalt+und+Summarien+Wie+nicht+weniger+mit+Remi%C3%9Fionen%2C+Anmerckungen+und+Registern+...+Als+ein+politisches+Manual-Buch+ausgefertiget.+Erste+und+Andere+Abtheilung%3A+Die+Ruhe+gegen+Frankreich+und+Spanien+enthaltend&rft.place=Coburg&rft.pages=1044&rft.pub=Paul+G%C3%BCnther+Pfotenhauer&rft.date=1726&rft.aulast=Christ&rft.aufirst=Johann+Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3hGsrpVwelkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill, Winston</a> (2002). <i>Marlborough: His Life and Times, Bk. 2, vols. iii & iv</i>. University of Chicago Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-10635-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-10635-7">0-226-10635-7</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marlboroughhisli00chur">online abridged edition</a></li> <li>Gregory, Desmond: <i>Minorca, the Illusory Prize: A History of the British Occupations of Minorca Between 1708 and 1802</i> (Associated University Press, 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesaffer,_Randall" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesaffer, Randall">Lesaffer, Randall</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.oup.com/2014/11/utrecht-peace-treaty-balance-power-europe/">"The peace of Utrecht and the balance of power"</a>, <i>Oxford Historical Treaties</i> 10 Nov 1914 online</li> <li>Lynn, John A (1999). <i>The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667–1714</i>. Longman. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-05629-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-05629-2">0-582-05629-2</a></li> <li>Mowat, Robert B. <i>History of European diplomacy, 1451–1789</i> (1928) pp. 141–154; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropea00mowa">online</a> pp. 165–182.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichel,_Walter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichel, Walter">Sichel, Walter</a>. <i>Bolingbroke And His Times</i>, 2 vols. (1901–02) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bolingbrokeandh00sichgoog"><i>Vol. 1 The Reign of Queen Anne</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Stanhope,_5th_Earl_Stanhope" title="Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope">Stanhope, Philip</a>: <i>History of England, Comprising the Reign of Queen Anne until the Peace of Utrecht</i> (London: 1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._M._Trevelyan" title="G. M. Trevelyan">Trevelyan, G. M</a> (1930–34). <i>England Under Queen Anne</i>. 3 volumes. Longmans, Green and co.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2020). <i>De Veertigjarige Oorlog 1672–1712: de strijd van de Nederlanders tegen de Zonnekoning</i> [<i>The 40 Years' War 1672–1712: the Dutch struggle against the Sun King</i>] (in Dutch). Prometheus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-446-3871-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-446-3871-4"><bdi>978-90-446-3871-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Veertigjarige+Oorlog+1672%E2%80%931712%3A+de+strijd+van+de+Nederlanders+tegen+de+Zonnekoning&rft.pub=Prometheus&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-90-446-3871-4&rft.aulast=Van+Nimwegen&rft.aufirst=Olaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2002). <i>De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden als grote mogendheid: Buitenlandse politiek en oorlogvoering in de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw en in het bijzonder tijdens de Oostenrijkse Successieoorlog (1740–1748)</i> (in Dutch). De Bataafsche Leeuw. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6707-540-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6707-540-4"><bdi>978-90-6707-540-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Republiek+der+Verenigde+Nederlanden+als+grote+mogendheid%3A+Buitenlandse+politiek+en+oorlogvoering+in+de+eerste+helft+van+de+achttiende+eeuw+en+in+het+bijzonder+tijdens+de+Oostenrijkse+Successieoorlog+%281740%E2%80%931748%29&rft.pub=De+Bataafsche+Leeuw&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-90-6707-540-4&rft.aulast=Van+Nimwegen&rft.aufirst=Olaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeace+of+Utrecht" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_of_Utrecht&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/utrecht.htm">"The Treaties of Utrecht (1713)"</a> Brief discussion and extracts of the various treaties on François Velde's <i>Heraldica</i> website, with particular focus on the renunciations and their later reconfirmations.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Gibraltar</span></a> topics  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/15px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gibraltar" title="History of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neanderthals_in_Gibraltar" title="Neanderthals in Gibraltar">Neanderthals in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of_Gibraltar" title="Timeline of the history of Gibraltar">Timeline</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges_of_Gibraltar" title="List of sieges of Gibraltar">sieges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Siege_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="First Siege of Gibraltar">First Siege of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gibraltar_(1607)" title="Battle of Gibraltar (1607)">Battle of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gibraltar" title="Capture of Gibraltar">Capture of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rooke" title="George Rooke">George Rooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Siege_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar">Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar" title="Great Siege of Gibraltar">Great Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Augustus_Eliott,_1st_Baron_Heathfield" title="George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield">George Augustus Eliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_real" title="Gibraltar real">Gibraltar real <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_nationality_in_Gibraltar" title="History of nationality in Gibraltar">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Genoese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Genoese in Gibraltar">Genoese in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maltese_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Maltese in Gibraltar">Maltese in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosion_of_the_RFA_Bedenham" title="Explosion of the RFA Bedenham">Explosion of the RFA <i>Bedenham</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flavius" title="Operation Flavius">Operation Flavius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Death_on_the_Rock" title="Death on the Rock">Death on the Rock</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Aurora_(2000)#2003:_Norwalk_virus_breakout" title="MV Aurora (2000)"><i>Aurora</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_New_Flame" title="MV New Flame"><i>New Flame</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MV_Fedra" title="MV Fedra"><i>Fedra</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar">COVID-19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar"><img alt="Gibraltar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg/80px-Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg/120px-Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg/160px-Arms_of_Gibraltar_%28Variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="609" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Geography</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Gibraltar" title="Climate of Gibraltar">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Geology of the Iberian Peninsula">Geology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores%E2%80%93Gibraltar_Transform_Fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault">Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Arc" title="Gibraltar Arc">Gibraltar Arc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Gibraltar" title="Category:Environment of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Environment</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Gibraltar" title="List of birds of Gibraltar">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Gibraltar" title="List of mammals of Gibraltar">Mammals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_macaques_in_Gibraltar" title="Barbary macaques in Gibraltar">Barbary macaques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibians_and_reptiles_of_Gibraltar" title="List of amphibians and reptiles of Gibraltar">Reptiles and amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberis_gibraltarica" title="Iberis gibraltarica">Candytuft <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>Iberis gibraltarica</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Botanic_Gardens" title="Gibraltar Botanic Gardens">Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Ornithological_%26_Natural_History_Society" title="Gibraltar Ornithological & Natural History Society">Ornithological & Natural History Society (GONHS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_Wildlife_Conservation_Park" title="Alameda Wildlife Conservation Park">Wildlife Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Gibraltar" title="Bay of Gibraltar">Bay of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Bay" title="Catalan Bay">Catalan Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Beach,_Gibraltar" title="Eastern Beach, Gibraltar">Eastern Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_Cave" title="Gorham's Cave">Gorham's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_of_Gibraltar" title="Rock of Gibraltar">Rock of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cave" title="St. Michael's Cave">St. Michael's Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Bay,_Gibraltar" title="Sandy Bay, Gibraltar">Sandy Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Cave" title="Vanguard Cave">Vanguard Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_Hill_(Gibraltar)" title="Windmill Hill (Gibraltar)">Windmill Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Gibraltar" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Built</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Hotel,_Gibraltar" title="Bristol Hotel, Gibraltar">Bristol Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_City_Hall" title="Gibraltar City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Convent_(Gibraltar)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Convent (Gibraltar)">The Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison_Library" title="Garrison Library">Garrison Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_V_Hospital_(Gibraltar)" title="King George V Hospital (Gibraltar)">King George V Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Castle" title="Moorish Castle">Moorish Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rock_Hotel" title="The Rock Hotel">The Rock Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bernard%27s_Hospital" title="St Bernard's Hospital">St. Bernard's Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Politics_and_Government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Politics and Government</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Gibraltar" title="Constitution of Gibraltar">Constitution Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_1969" title="Gibraltar Constitution Order 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_2006" title="Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006">2006</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Gibraltar" title="Law of Gibraltar">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Gibraltar" title="Judiciary of Gibraltar">court system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Gibraltar">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_passport_(Gibraltar)" title="British passport (Gibraltar)">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_development_in_modern_Gibraltar" title="Political development in modern Gibraltar">Political development in modern Gibraltar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gibraltar" title="Chief Minister of Gibraltar">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Gibraltar" title="Mayor of Gibraltar">Mayor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Gibraltar" title="Politics of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Political issues</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_Project" title="Black Swan Project">Black Swan Project controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed status of Gibraltar">Disputed status</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_the_isthmus_between_Gibraltar_and_Spain" title="Disputed status of the isthmus between Gibraltar and Spain">isthmus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Gibraltar" title="Elections in Gibraltar">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2007 Gibraltar general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2011 Gibraltar general election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2015 Gibraltar general election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2019 Gibraltar general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Gibraltar_general_election" title="2023 Gibraltar general election">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Gibraltar Parliament">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Gibraltar_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Gibraltar Parliament">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Gibraltar" title="List of political parties in Gibraltar">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty referendums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="1967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Gibraltar_sovereignty_referendum" title="2002 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum">2002</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">EU referendum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Referendum)_Act_2016_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)">European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Military</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Gibraltar" title="British Forces Gibraltar">British Forces Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Defence_Police" title="Gibraltar Defence Police">Gibraltar Defence Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Squadron" title="Gibraltar Squadron">Gibraltar Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napier_of_Magdala_Battery" title="Napier of Magdala Battery">Napier of Magdala Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Gibraltar" title="RAF Gibraltar">RAF Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Police" title="Royal Gibraltar Police">Royal Gibraltar Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment" title="Royal Gibraltar Regiment">Royal Gibraltar Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gibraltar" title="Economy of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Economy</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Gibraltar" title="List of banks in Gibraltar">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_pound" title="Gibraltar pound">Gibraltar pound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Gibraltar_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Coins of the Gibraltar pound">coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Stock_Exchange" title="Gibraltar Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Gibraltar" title="Taxation in Gibraltar">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Gibraltar" title="Tourism in Gibraltar">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Gibraltar" title="Communications in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Communications</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.gi" title=".gi">.gi <span style="font-size:85%;">(Internet domain)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation">Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Chronicle" title="Gibraltar Chronicle">Gibraltar Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibtelecom" title="Gibtelecom">Gibtelecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panorama_(Gibraltar)" title="Panorama (Gibraltar)">Panorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Regulatory_Authority" title="Gibraltar Regulatory Authority">Regulatory Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Post_Office" title="Royal Gibraltar Post Office">Royal Gibraltar Post Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Gibraltar" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Gibraltar">postage stamps and history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_orders_of_Gibraltar" title="Postal orders of Gibraltar">postal orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Study_Circle" title="Gibraltar Study Circle">Study Circle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Gibraltar" title="Telephone numbers in Gibraltar">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Gibraltar" title="Transport in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Transport</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_International_Airport" title="Gibraltar International Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cable_Car" title="Gibraltar Cable Car">Cable car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Gibraltar–Spain border">Gibraltar–Spain border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_in_Gibraltar" title="Shipping in Gibraltar">Shipping in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Gibraltar" title="Vehicle registration plates of Gibraltar">Vehicle registration plates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:red;color:white;"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Gibraltar" title="Culture of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Culture</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_cuisine" title="Gibraltarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gibraltar" title="Education in Gibraltar">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayside_Comprehensive_School" title="Bayside Comprehensive School">Bayside Comprehensive School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westside_School,_Gibraltar" title="Westside School, Gibraltar">Westside School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gibraltar" title="University of Gibraltar">University of Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Gibraltar" title="Miss Gibraltar">Miss Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Gibraltar" title="Music of Gibraltar">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ll%C3%A9vame_Donde_Nac%C3%AD" title="Llévame Donde Nací">Llévame Donde Nací</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gibraltar Fair</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_National_Day" title="Gibraltar National Day">National Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Gibraltar" title="Public holidays in Gibraltar">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_and_Guiding_in_Gibraltar" title="Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar">Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Gibraltar" title="Demographics of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Demographics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians" title="Gibraltarians">Gibraltarians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gibraltarians" title="List of Gibraltarians">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gibraltarians in the United Kingdom">in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_status" title="Gibraltarian status">Gibraltarian status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gibraltar" title="Languages of Gibraltar">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanito" title="Llanito">Llanito</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Religion</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Christianity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Anglicanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_in_Europe" title="Diocese in Europe">Diocese in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_in_Europe" title="Bishop in Europe">Bishop diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffragan_Bishop_in_Europe" title="Suffragan Bishop in Europe">Bishop suffragan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Gibraltar" title="Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar">Cathedral of the Holy Trinity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Church,_Gibraltar" title="St Andrew's Church, Gibraltar">St. Andrew's Church <span style="font-size:85%;">(Church of Scotland)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Methodist_Church" title="Gibraltar Methodist Church">Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Gibraltar">Roman Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Gibraltar" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Gibraltar">Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Bishop_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Bishop of Gibraltar">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._Mary_the_Crowned" title="Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned">Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Europe" title="Our Lady of Europe">Our Lady of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Europe" title="Shrine of Our Lady of Europe">Shrine of Our Lady of Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Cemetery" title="Trafalgar Cemetery">Trafalgar Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Other faiths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Gibraltar" title="Hinduism in Gibraltar">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Gibraltar" title="Islam in Gibraltar">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim_Mosque" title="Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque">Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gibraltar" title="History of the Jews in Gibraltar">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Gibraltar)" title="Great Synagogue (Gibraltar)">Great Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogues_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Synagogues of Gibraltar">other synagogues</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Gibraltar" title="Sport in Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Sport</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_sport" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:4.4em;font-weight:normal;">By sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltar national basketball team">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cricket_Association" title="Gibraltar Cricket Association">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_cricket_team" title="Gibraltar national cricket team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Cycling_Association" title="Gibraltar Cycling Association">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Hockey_Association" title="Gibraltar Hockey Association">Field hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Gibraltar men's national field hockey team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Gibraltar" title="Football in Gibraltar">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Football_Association" title="Gibraltar Football Association">Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_football_team" title="Gibraltar national football team">national team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Gibraltar" title="Rugby union in Gibraltar">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_national_rugby_union_team" title="Gibraltar national rugby union team">national team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Barbarians_Rugby_Club" title="Gibraltar Barbarians Rugby Club">Campo Gibraltar RUFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Gibraltar at the Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Island_Games_Association" title="International Island Games Association">Island Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltarian_records_in_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibraltarian records in athletics">Records in athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Stadium,_Gibraltar" title="Victoria Stadium, Gibraltar">Victoria Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:red;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Gibraltar" title="Category:National symbols of Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Symbols</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Anthem" title="Gibraltar Anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Gibraltar" title="Coat of arms of Gibraltar">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Gibraltar" title="Flag of Gibraltar">Official flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of flags of Gibraltar">other flags</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:red;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/Category:Gibraltar" title="Category:Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Category</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span>  <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gibraltar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Commons</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Gibraltar" title="Portal:Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Portal</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Gibraltar" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Gibraltar"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: 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