CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerit"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Minerit - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"a601912b-05b6-48c0-b085-fc33349af552","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Minerit","wgTitle":"Minerit","wgCurRevisionId":15803821,"wgRevisionId":15803821,"wgArticleId":111672,"wgIsArticle":true, "wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Minerit","wgRelevantArticleId":111672,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":8000, "wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym": "Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"} ,{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym": "Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"} ,{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn", "autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang" :"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym": "Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew" ,"bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps", "pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q44497","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false, "wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":false},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0],"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.2"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Bergbau_Schnitt_MK1890.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="803"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Bergbau_Schnitt_MK1890.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="535"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="428"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Minerit - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=Minerit&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerit"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerit"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerit"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Minerit rootpage-Minerit stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerit" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="ro" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerit&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Acasă</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Aleatoriu</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Nearby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">În apropiere</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Minerit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Autentificare</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Minerit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Setări</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3DC13_ro.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Dro%26utm_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donații</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Despre Wikipedia</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Termeni</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigarea de utilizator"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Minerit</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Limbă" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Limbă</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Minerit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Urmărește</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Minerit&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modificare</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>Mineritul</b> este o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ramur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ramură">ramură</a> a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrie">industriei</a>, prin acest termen înțelegându-se totalitatea procedeelor de extracție a minereurilor situate în subteran (sub un strat de pământ) sau la suprafață.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bergbau_Schnitt_MK1890.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bergbau_Schnitt_MK1890.jpg/150px-Bergbau_Schnitt_MK1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bergbau_Schnitt_MK1890.jpg/225px-Bergbau_Schnitt_MK1890.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bergbau_Schnitt_MK1890.jpg/300px-Bergbau_Schnitt_MK1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="253"></a> <figcaption> Secţiune printr-un munte cu lucrări miniere </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Grubenhunte.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Grubenhunte.JPG/150px-Grubenhunte.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Grubenhunte.JPG/225px-Grubenhunte.JPG 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Grubenhunte.JPG/300px-Grubenhunte.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1409" data-file-height="1303"></a> <figcaption> Vagoneţi de mină ce servesc la transportul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minereu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minereu">minereului</a> </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Cuprins</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Minerale_%C8%99i_z%C4%83c%C4%83minte"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Minerale și zăcăminte</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rocile"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Rocile</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Z%C4%83c%C4%83mintele"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Zăcămintele</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Prospectarea_%C8%99i_exploatarea"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Prospectarea și exploatarea</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referin%C8%9Be"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Referințe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vezi_%C8%99i"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Vezi și</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leg%C4%83turi_externe"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Legături externe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Minerale_și_zăcăminte"><span id="Minerale_.C8.99i_z.C4.83c.C4.83minte"></span>Minerale și zăcăminte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Minerit&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Minerale și zăcăminte" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Schlaegel_und_eisen-sign_of_mining.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Schlaegel_und_eisen-sign_of_mining.svg/60px-Schlaegel_und_eisen-sign_of_mining.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="430"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 60px;height: 60px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Schlaegel_und_eisen-sign_of_mining.svg/60px-Schlaegel_und_eisen-sign_of_mining.svg.png" data-width="60" data-height="60" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Schlaegel_und_eisen-sign_of_mining.svg/90px-Schlaegel_und_eisen-sign_of_mining.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Schlaegel_und_eisen-sign_of_mining.svg/120px-Schlaegel_und_eisen-sign_of_mining.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Simbolul mineritului </figcaption> </figure> <p>Scoarța pământului (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litosfer%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Litosferă">litosfera</a>) conține o serie de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mineral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mineral">minerale</a> sub formă de zăcăminte de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minereu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minereu">minereuri</a> care după conținutul în 1.fier pot să fie: -feroase și -neferoase, 2.metale: - metalifere - nemetalifere (sare, gips, azbest, mică, feldspat).</p> <ul> <li>Mineralele sunt substanțe omogene din punct de vedere chimic și fizic, fiind frecvent substanțe solide cristalizate în sisteme diferite de cristalizare, de aceasta ocupându-se ramura <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mineralogie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mineralogie">mineralogiei</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristalografia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristalografia">cristalografia</a>.</li> <li>Exemple de minerale: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuarț">cuarțul</a> (SiO2), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pirita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirita">pirita</a> (FeS2), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galena?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Galena">galena</a> (PbS), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blenda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Blenda">blenda</a> (ZnS), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calcopirita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcopirita">calcopirita</a> (CuFeS2), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calcit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calcit">calcitul</a> (CaCO3), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gips">gipsul</a> (CaSO4*2 H2O), sau fără a mai aminti formula chimică, sunt: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stibina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Stibina">stibina</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rodocrozit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rodocrozit">rodocrozitul</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baritina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Baritina">baritina</a> (<i>baros</i> = greu), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grafit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grafit">grafitul</a> (forma amorfă a diamantului) și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diamant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diamant">diamantul</a>.</li> <li>Determinarea unui mineral se face prin cunoașterii proprietăților lui fizice: - culoare -luciu - spărtura (proaspătă neoxidată) - duritatea - clivajul (modul de spargere), greutatea specifică, proprietăți magnetice și radiactive etc.</li> </ul> <p>Duritatea mineralelor este o proprietate importantă în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Min%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mină">minerit</a>, aceasta determinând forma de exploatare a zăcământului). Mineralogul german-austriac Mohs<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a stabilit o scară a durității mineralelor după cum urmează: 1.<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talc">talc</a>, 2.<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gips">gips</a>, 3.<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calcit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calcit">calcit</a>, 4.<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fluorina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorina">fluorina</a>, 5.<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apatit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apatit">apatit</a>, 6.<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Feldspat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Feldspat">ortoza</a>, 7.<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuarț">cuarț</a>, 8.<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Topaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Topaz">topaz</a>, 9.<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Korund">corindon</a>, 10.<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diamant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diamant">diamant</a>. De aici rezultă că duritatea cea mai mare o posedă diamantul cu care putem zgâria toate mineralele, fapt pentru care la șlefuirea cristalelor de diamant se poate folosi numai praful de diamant.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Rocile"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_roci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de roci">Rocile</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Minerit&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Rocile" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hungary,_G%C3%A1nt,_work_aboveground_-_mine_02.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine_02.jpg/150px-Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="211" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="1041"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 211px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine_02.jpg/150px-Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine_02.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="211" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine_02.jpg/225px-Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine_02.jpg/300px-Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Vedere aeriană a unei cariere </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hungary,_G%C3%A1nt,_work_aboveground_-_mine.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine.jpg/150px-Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="1037"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 212px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine.jpg/150px-Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="212" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine.jpg/225px-Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine.jpg/300px-Hungary%2C_G%C3%A1nt%2C_work_aboveground_-_mine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Vedere aeriană a unei cariere </figcaption> </figure> <p>Sunt asociații de minerale; cu studiul lor se ocupă <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geologie">geologia</a> și ramura ei <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Petrografia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Petrografia — pagină inexistentă">petrografia</a>. După modul în care au luat naștere sunt -roci: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roci_magmatice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roci magmatice">magmatice</a> sau <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vulcan_(dezambiguizare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Vulcan (dezambiguizare)">vulcanice</a> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andezit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andezit">andezite</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bazalt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bazalt">bazalte</a> etc) -<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roci_sedimentare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roci sedimentare">sedimentare</a> (ce au luat naștere prin acțiunea de eroziune, transport și depozitare a apei sau vântului de ex. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loess?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loess">loess</a>) -<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roci_metamorfice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roci metamorfice">metamorfice</a> (cu alte de transformare a rocii inițiale prin factori din afară ca de presiune sau temperaturi ridicate). Așa s-a format de exemplu: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calcit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calcit">marmora</a> sau zăcămintele de cărbuni. Rocile care nu conțin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mineral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mineral">minerale</a>, sau <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metal">metale</a> sunt numite "steril".</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Zăcămintele"><span id="Z.C4.83c.C4.83mintele"></span>Zăcămintele</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Minerit&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Zăcămintele" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Prin acțiunea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vulcan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vulcan">vulcanilor</a> care prin ajungerea magmei din adâncime prin crăpături ale scoarței terestre, aduce cu sine și minerale sau metale sub formă de filon de forme, mărimi diferite (miner. = vână), de exemplu minele (din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baia_Sprie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baia Sprie">Baia Sprie</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cavnic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cavnic">Cavnic</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bor%C8%99a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Borșa">Borșa</a>) din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jude%C8%9Bul_Maramure%C8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Județul Maramureș">județul Maramureș</a> și din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mun%C8%9Bii_Metaliferi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Munții Metaliferi">Munții Metaliferi</a>, (regiunea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abrud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abrud">Abrud</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ro%C8%99ia_Montan%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roșia Montană">Roșia Montană</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C8%9Aebea,_Hunedoara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Țebea, Hunedoara">Țebea</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brad">Brad</a>) precum și prin acțiunea de erodare și transport a apei, pe anumite văi (de ex. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arie%C8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arieș">Arieș</a> magh. <i>Aranyos</i> (aurifer) s-au găsit zăcăminte de aur sub formă de straturi.<br> Zăcămintele (după configurația și amplasarea lor în spațiu) pot apărea sub formă de:</p> <ol> <li><i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filon_(z%C4%83c%C4%83m%C3%A2nt)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filon (zăcământ)">filon (zăcământ)</a></i> (sau <i>vână</i> în limbajul minerilor) de exemplu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Filon">filon</a> de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aur">aur</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cuib_(z%C4%83c%C4%83m%C3%A2nt)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cuib (zăcământ) — pagină inexistentă">cuib (zăcământ)</a></i> de exemplu zăcămintele de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Molibden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Molibden">molibden</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Strat_(z%C4%83c%C4%83m%C3%A2nt)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Strat (zăcământ) — pagină inexistentă">strat (zăcământ)</a></i> toate minereurile din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roci_sedimentare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roci sedimentare">rocile sedimentare</a> ca de exemplu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C4%83rbune?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cărbune">cărbunii de pământ</a>.</li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Prospectarea_și_exploatarea"><span id="Prospectarea_.C8.99i_exploatarea"></span>Prospectarea și exploatarea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Minerit&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Prospectarea și exploatarea" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Mineritul are două faze mai importante:<br> 1. Prospectarea cu ajutorul unor metode geologice și geofizice (radiometrie, electrometrie, magnetometrie). Metodele cele mai frecvente sunt: <br> - șanțurile de suprafață<br> - forajele geologice<br> - galerii (lucrari miniere orizontale)<br> - puțuri de cercetare (lucrari miniere verticale).<br> Prin aceste metode se obtin informații utile despre zăcământ, ca:<br> - așezarea lui în spațiu<br> - bogăția lui (rentabilitate)<br> - adâncimea și întinderea lui.<br> Toate aceste informații determină mai târziu metoda de exploatare.<br> 2. Exploatarea sau extragerea minereului:<br> - exploatare la suprafață (cariere, când zăcamântul este aproape de suprafața pământului)<br> - exploatare subterană (mine).<br> Exploatarea minieră constă din:<br> - lucrări miniere de deschidere<br> - de pregătire<br> - exploatarea propriu zisă.<br> Lucrările miniere după orientarea lor în spațiu pot fi:<br> - orizontale: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Galeria">galeria</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abataj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Abataj">abatajul</a><br> - înclinate: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plan_%C3%AEnclinat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plan înclinat">planul înclinat</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rostogol&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rostogol — pagină inexistentă">rostogolul</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Suitorul&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Suitorul — pagină inexistentă">suitorul</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> - verticale: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pu%C8%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Puț">puțul</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Suitorul&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Suitorul — pagină inexistentă">suitorul</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Minerit&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Carl Friedrich Christian Mohs (* 29. ianuarie 1773 Gernrode (Harz); † 29. September 1839 in Agordo, Italia)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">cf. „Wikționar“ rostogolul este o lucrare minieră cu înclinare mare, care permite transportarea minereului în jos prin simplă alunecare (rostogolire), sub acțiunea propriei greutăți.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">cf. DEX un suitor este o trecere verticală sau înclinată prin care se realizează legătura între două lucrări miniere situate la nivele diferite sau între un orizont subteran și suprafață și care nu este echipată cu mijloace de transport.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minerit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">cf. DEX un suitor este o trecere verticală sau înclinată prin care se realizează legătura între două lucrări miniere situate la nivele diferite sau între un orizont subteran și suprafață și care nu este echipată cu mijloace de transport.</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Minerit&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mineral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mineral">Mineral</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miner">Miner</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minereu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minereu">Minereu</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_minerale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de minerale">Listă de minerale</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_roci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de roci">Listă de roci</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_geologi_renumi%C8%9Bi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Listă de geologi renumiți">Listă de geologi renumiți</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georgius_Agricola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georgius Agricola">Georgius Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Baia">Baia</a> sau <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C4%83i%C8%9Ba_(dezambiguizare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Băița (dezambiguizare)">Băița</a> (denumirea unor localități miniere)</li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scurgerea_de_cianur%C4%83_de_la_Baia_Mare_(2000)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scurgerea de cianură de la Baia Mare (2000)">Scurgerea de cianură de la Baia Mare (2000)</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Minerit&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> Materiale media legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mining?uselang%3Dro">Minerit</a></b></span> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></p> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cimec.ro/Arheologie/Boroneant-arheologia-pesterilor/index.html">Boroneanț Vasile - Arheologia peșterilor și minelor din România</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021082426/http://www.cimec.ro/Arheologie/Boroneant-arheologia-pesterilor/index.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2020-10-21">21 octombrie 2020</time>, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.descopera.ro/stiinta/4624575-adevaratul-nautilus-minerii-roboti-cuceresc-adancurile">Adevaratul Nautilus – minerii-roboti cuceresc adancurile</a>, 9 iulie 2009, Alexandru Safta, <i>Descoperă</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.adevarul.ro/international/Mineritul-urban-forma-goanei-aur_0_31798481.html">"Mineritul urban", o nouă formă a goanei după aur</a>, 10 mai 2008, Arina Avram, <i>Adevărul</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.descopera.ro/dnews/9558051-mineritul-spatial-noul-obiectiv-al-miliardarilor-de-la-google">Mineritul spațial, noul obiectiv al miliardarilor de la Google</a>, 22 aprilie 2012, <i>Descoperă</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/minele-unesco-de-la-tarnacop-la-turism-887126.html">Minele UNESCO, de la târnăcop la turism</a>, 21 februarie 2010, Andreea Dogar, <i>Evenimentul zilei</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://adevarul.ro/news/eveniment/mineritul-meserie-muzeu-1_50adbae27c42d5a6639972df/index.html">Mineritul, meserie de muzeu</a>, 28 octombrie 2009, <i>Adevărul</i></li> </ul> <p><br></p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMinerit%26oldid%3D15803821">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minerit&oldid=15803821</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Minerit&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="InternetArchiveBot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1691001042"> <span>Ultima modificare pe 2 august 2023, la 20:30</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Limbi</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynbou" title="Mynbou – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mynbou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergbau" title="Bergbau – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bergbau" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%25C3%25ADa" title="Minería – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2586" title="تعدين – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعدين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D8%25AA" title="تامنجميت – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تامنجميت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%25C3%25ADa" title="Minería – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C9%2599d%25C9%2599n" title="Mədən – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mədən" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583_%25D1%258D%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5" title="Тау эше – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тау эше" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Горная справа – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Горная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Горная справа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Горная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2596%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="খনন – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খনন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mengleuz" title="Mengleuz – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mengleuz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineria" title="Mineria – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mineria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258E%25A6%25E1%258F%2599_%25E1%258E%25A6%25E1%258E%25B4%25E1%258F%258D%25E1%258F%2597" title="ᎦᏙ ᎦᎴᏍᏗ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏙ ᎦᎴᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C4%259B%25C5%25BEba" title="Těžba – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Těžba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwyngloddio" title="Mwyngloddio – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mwyngloddio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minedrift" title="Minedrift – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Minedrift" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergbau" title="Bergbau – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bergbau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259C%25CE%25B5%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B5%25CF%2585%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE" title="Μεταλλευτική – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεταλλευτική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minado" title="Minado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Minado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%25C3%25ADa" title="Minería – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaevandamine" title="Kaevandamine – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaevandamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatzaritza" title="Meatzaritza – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meatzaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586%25E2%2580%258C%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="معدن‌کاری – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معدن‌کاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaivannaistoiminta" title="Kaivannaistoiminta – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaivannaistoiminta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploitation_mini%25C3%25A8re" title="Exploitation minière – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Exploitation minière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mianad%25C3%25B3ireacht" title="Mianadóireacht – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mianadóireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_(jizman)" title="Min (jizman) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Min (jizman)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minar%25C3%25ADa" title="Minaría – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Minaría" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakar_ma%2527adinai" title="Hakar ma'adinai – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hakar ma'adinai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259B%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="כרייה – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כרייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="खनन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खनन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%25C3%25A1ny%25C3%25A1szat" title="Bányászat – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bányászat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D6%2584%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25A3%25D5%25B8%25D6%2580%25D5%25AE" title="Հանքային գործ – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանքային գործ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertambangan" title="Pertambangan – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertambangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25A1mavinnsla" title="Námavinnsla – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Námavinnsla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrazione_mineraria" title="Estrazione mineraria – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Estrazione mineraria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%2589%25B1%25E6%25A5%25AD" title="鉱業 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉱業" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainin" title="Mainin – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mainin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25A3%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ಗಣಿಗಾರಿಕೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಣಿಗಾರಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B4%2591%25EC%2597%2585" title="광업 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광업" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balweyth" title="Balweyth – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Balweyth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalleutice" title="Metalleutice – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metalleutice" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biergbau" title="Biergbau – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Biergbau" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mienboew" title="Mienboew – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mienboew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnakasyba" title="Kalnakasyba – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalnakasyba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnr%25C5%25ABpniec%25C4%25ABba" title="Kalnrūpniecība – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalnrūpniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D1%2583%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Рударство – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рударство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2596%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%2582" title="ഖനനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖനനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlombongan" title="Perlombongan – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perlombongan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BD%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8" title="သတ္တုတွင်းလုပ်ငန်း – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတ္တုတွင်းလုပ်ငန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijnbouw" title="Mijnbouw – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mijnbouw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvedrift" title="Gruvedrift – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gruvedrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvedrift" title="Gruvedrift – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gruvedrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2596%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25A3%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਖਾਣਕਾਰੀ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖਾਣਕਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25B3rnictwo" title="Górnictwo – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Górnictwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF_%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%2588_%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AC" title="د کانونو استخراج – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د کانونو استخراج" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minera%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o" title="Mineração – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mineração" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE" title="Горное дело – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горное дело" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%25C3%25ADctvo" title="Baníctvo – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Baníctvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xehetaria" title="Xehetaria – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xehetaria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D1%2583%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Рударство – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рударство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertambangan" title="Pertambangan – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pertambangan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvdrift" title="Gruvdrift – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gruvdrift" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchimbaji_madini" title="Uchimbaji madini – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchimbaji madini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%2599%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258A%25E0%25AE%25B4%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D" title="சுரங்கத் தொழில் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுரங்கத் தொழில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B3%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B7%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%2588" title="การทำเหมืองแร่ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การทำเหมืองแร่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagmimina" title="Pagmimina – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagmimina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madencilik" title="Madencilik – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madencilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2596%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Гірнича справа – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гірнича справа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25DA%25A9%25D9%2586%25DB%258C" title="کان کنی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کان کنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon_sanoati" title="Kon sanoati – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kon sanoati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khai_th%25C3%25A1c_m%25E1%25BB%258F" title="Khai thác mỏ – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khai thác mỏ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagmimina" title="Pagmimina – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagmimina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%2587%2587%25E7%259F%25BF%25E4%25B8%259A" title="采矿业 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="采矿业" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMayini" title="IMayini – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IMayini" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%2587%2587%25E7%259F%25BF%25E4%25B8%259A" title="采矿业 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="采矿业" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%25C3%25B2ng-gia%25CC%258Dp" title="Khòng-gia̍p – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khòng-gia̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25A4%25A6%25E6%25A5%25AD" title="礦業 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="礦業" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 2 august 2023, ora 20:30.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Conținutul este disponibil sub <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, exceptând cazurile în care se specifică altfel.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termeni de utilizare</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMinerit%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-mkqgs","wgBackendResponseTime":229,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.228","walltime":"0.575","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1069,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":56115,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":53352,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":7146,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 219.403 1 -total"," 38.03% 83.445 1 Format:Referințe"," 36.59% 80.289 1 Format:Meta-casetăma"," 30.18% 66.209 1 Format:Commonscat-inline"," 25.92% 56.877 1 Format:Minerale"," 24.69% 54.180 1 Format:Casetă_de_navigare_simplă"," 17.42% 38.216 1 Format:Category_handler"," 17.20% 37.748 1 Format:Meta-casetă/core"," 3.15% 6.922 1 Format:Webarchive"," 1.54% 3.387 144 Format:·"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.050","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1569471,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6b6c9bdc8b-tmwpk","timestamp":"20241104093116","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Minerit","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minerit","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q44497","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q44497","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-09-22T07:48:09Z","dateModified":"2023-08-02T18:30:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4a\/Bergbau_Schnitt_MK1890.jpg"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('ro', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>