CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ghips - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"ad825cca-3c25-4418-bcf1-d08c8331789e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ghips","wgTitle":"Ghips","wgCurRevisionId":16758031,"wgRevisionId":16758031,"wgArticleId":116629, "wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ghips","wgRelevantArticleId":116629,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Gips","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"", "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Ghips","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir": "rtl"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bn","autonym":"বাংলা","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd", "autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"knc","autonym":"Yerwa Kanuri","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym": "Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym": "кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os", "autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"} ,{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym" :"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tig","autonym":"ትግሬ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi", "bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","knc","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn", "qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tig","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q82658","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false, "wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg/1200px-Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="842"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg/800px-Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="561"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg/640px-Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="449"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ghips - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghips"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.tKc6KWkFf-8.O/am=gAE/d=1/rs=AN8SPfrf36LIV3DkhtRBGWFnLWWzaykPyw/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.tKc6KWkFf-8.O/am=gAE/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfrf36LIV3DkhtRBGWFnLWWzaykPyw/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ghips rootpage-Ghips stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.tKc6KWkFf-8.O/am=gAE/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfrf36LIV3DkhtRBGWFnLWWzaykPyw/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="ro" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Acasă</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Aleatoriu</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Nearby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">În apropiere</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor mw-list-item menu__item--login" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Ghips&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Autentificare</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Ghips&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Setări</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source%3Ddonate%26wmf_medium%3Dsidebar%26wmf_campaign%3Dro.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Dro%26wmf_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donații</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Despre Wikipedia</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Termeni</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigarea de utilizator"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghips</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Limbă" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Limbă</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Ghips&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Urmărește</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modificare</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"> <span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirecționat de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gips&redirect=no&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gips">Gips</a>)</span> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>Ghipsul</b> (sau <b>gipsul</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) este un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mineral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mineral">mineral</a> incolor, cu forme intermediare de culoare, până la alb, având formula chimică: CaSO<sub>4</sub> • 2 H<sub>2</sub>O (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulfat_de_calciu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulfat de calciu">sulfat de calciu</a>).</p> <table class="infocaseta"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="antet stiinteexacte" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;"><b>Ghips</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Wüstenrose, 47 cm lungime"><img alt="Wüstenrose, 47 cm lungime" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg/250px-Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg/375px-Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg/500px-Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4036" data-file-height="2831"></a> <figcaption> Wüstenrose, 47 cm lungime </figcaption> </figure>Ghips (varietatea de deșert „Trandafir de nisip”)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;">Date generale</th> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Formula_chimic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula chimică">Formula chimică</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">CaSO<sub>4</sub> • 2 H<sub>2</sub>O</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistem_de_cristalizare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem de cristalizare">Sistem de cristalizare</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">monoclinic</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clasa_cristalului?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Clasa cristalului">Clasa cristalului</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2/m</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culoare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Culoare">Culoare</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">incolor, alb</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Urma">Urma</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">albă</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duritate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duritate">Duritate</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">pe scara Mohs</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Densitate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Densitate">Masa specifică</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2,3 g/cm³</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luciu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luciu">Luciu</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">sticlos și mătăsos</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clivaj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clivaj">Clivaj</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">perfect</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Habitus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Habitus">Habitus</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">prismatic, tabular, fibros</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suprafa%C8%9Ba_cristalului?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suprafața cristalului">Suprafața cristalului</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">___</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proprie%C8%9B%C4%83%C8%9Bi_optice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Propriețăți optice">Propriețăți optice</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Refrac%C8%9Bia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Refracția">Indice de refrație</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">n<sub>a</sub> = 1.519 - 1.521, <p>n<sub>b</sub> = 1.522 - 1.526,</p> n<sub>c</sub> = 1.529 - 1.531</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devia%C8%9Bia_optic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Deviația optică">Deviația optică</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">cu două axe (+)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";">Unghiul de dispersie</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2v<sub>z</sub> ~ 58°</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#B0C4DE;color:#FFFFFF;">Alte caracteristici</th> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magnetism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magnetism">Magnetism</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">nu are</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";">Opacitate</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style=";">transparent până la opac</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##B0C4DE solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DGhips%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Mineral" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60"></a></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Gypsum_-_Sieroszowice_mine,_Lubin,_Lower_Silesia,_Poland.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gypsum_-_Sieroszowice_mine%2C_Lubin%2C_Lower_Silesia%2C_Poland.jpg/220px-Gypsum_-_Sieroszowice_mine%2C_Lubin%2C_Lower_Silesia%2C_Poland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gypsum_-_Sieroszowice_mine%252C_Lubin%252C_Lower_Silesia%252C_Poland.jpg/330px-Gypsum_-_Sieroszowice_mine%252C_Lubin%252C_Lower_Silesia%252C_Poland.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gypsum_-_Sieroszowice_mine%252C_Lubin%252C_Lower_Silesia%252C_Poland.jpg/440px-Gypsum_-_Sieroszowice_mine%252C_Lubin%252C_Lower_Silesia%252C_Poland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6600" data-file-height="5500"></a> <figcaption> Ghips </figcaption> </figure> <p>Roca cu conținut ridicat în ghips se numește tot ghips.</p> <p>Ghipsul este ușor solubil în apă, are o duritate mică (2), cristalizează în sistemul monoclinic, lasă o "urmă" albă.</p> <p>Se depune atunci când după evaporarea unei părți din apa marină mai rămâne cca 30% apă (70% din apă s-a evaporat).</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Cuprins</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Caracteristici"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Caracteristici</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C4%83sp%C3%A2ndirea_%C3%AEn_natur%C4%83"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Răspândirea în natură</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Variet%C4%83%C8%9Bi"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Varietăți</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Utilizare"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Utilizare</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Istoric"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Istoric</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ghipsul_sintetic"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ghipsul sintetic</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Note"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Note</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vezi_%C8%99i"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Vezi și</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leg%C4%83turi_externe"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Legături externe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Caracteristici">Caracteristici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Caracteristici" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Prin încălzire, pierde o parte din apa de cristalizare formându-se un "hemihidrat" numit <b>Bassanit</b>, cu formula chimică: CaSO<sub>4</sub> • ½ H<sub>2</sub>O.<br> Prin pierderea în continuare a apei de cristalizare se formează sulfatul anhidru de calciu, denumit <b>Anhidrit</b> (CaSO<sub>4</sub>).</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Kombination_orthodiagonales_Pinakoid_-_Hemitropie_-Gips.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kombination_orthodiagonales_Pinakoid_-_Hemitropie_-Gips.svg/100px-Kombination_orthodiagonales_Pinakoid_-_Hemitropie_-Gips.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="850"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 171px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kombination_orthodiagonales_Pinakoid_-_Hemitropie_-Gips.svg/100px-Kombination_orthodiagonales_Pinakoid_-_Hemitropie_-Gips.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="171" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kombination_orthodiagonales_Pinakoid_-_Hemitropie_-Gips.svg/150px-Kombination_orthodiagonales_Pinakoid_-_Hemitropie_-Gips.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kombination_orthodiagonales_Pinakoid_-_Hemitropie_-Gips.svg/200px-Kombination_orthodiagonales_Pinakoid_-_Hemitropie_-Gips.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Cristal de ghips </figcaption> </figure> <p>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Răspândirea_în_natură"><span id="R.C4.83sp.C3.A2ndirea_.C3.AEn_natur.C4.83"></span>Răspândirea în natură</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Răspândirea în natură" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Apare atât ca formă masivă și cristalină, cu cristale incolore sau colorate în alb, galben, roșu sau cenușie (<i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alabastru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alabastru">alabastru</a></i>), cât și sub formă fibroasă (<i>ghips fibros</i>). În unele cazuri poate forma cristale transparente (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Selenit&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Selenit — pagină inexistentă">selenit</a>). În mina <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Naica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Naica — pagină inexistentă">Naica</a> din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chihuahua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Chihuahua">Chihuahua</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mexic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mexic">Mexic</a> s-au găsit cristale cu lungime de 15 m.<br> Ghipsul se formează prin cristalizare din soluții suprasaturate în sulfat de calciu din apa de mare, sau prin acțiunea acidului sulfuric asupra rocilor calcaroase.<br> Zăcăminte mai importante de ghips se află în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mexic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Algeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spania">Spania</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germania">Germania</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Varietăți"><span id="Variet.C4.83.C8.9Bi"></span>Varietăți</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Varietăți" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul> <li>α-Halbhydrat (CaSO<sub>4</sub> • ½ H<sub>2</sub>O) se formează într-o cavitate (autoclav) închisă.</li> <li>β-Halbhydrat (CaSO<sub>4</sub> • ½ H<sub>2</sub>O) prin ardere amestecat cu apă în atmosferă.</li> <li>Anhidrit III (CaSO<sub>4</sub> • 0,x H<sub>2</sub>O) formare la temperaturi până la 300 °C.</li> <li>Anhidrit II<sub>s</sub> (CaSO<sub>4</sub>) formare la temperaturi între 300-500 °C</li> <li>Anhidrit II<sub>u</sub> (CaSO<sub>4</sub>) formare la temperaturi între 500-700 °C</li> <li>Anhidrit I (CaSO<sub>4</sub>) formare la temperaturi de 1180 °C.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Utilizare">Utilizare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Utilizare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Prin calcinare pierde apa de cristalizare; pulberea obținută absoarbe din nou apă, solidificându-se. Această proprietate este folosită în industria de construcții. Creta folosită în școli provine la fel din ghips.</p> <p>În medicină este utilizat pentru fixarea fracturilor de oase, ca bandaj de ghips, în stomatologie ca mulaj.</p> <p>În arheologie, paleontologie și în artă, ca statui din ghips curat sau în amestec cu alte minerale.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Încă din antichitate ghipsul era folosit în construcții, pentru ornamentarea clădirilor, sau ca mortar.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ghipsul_sintetic">Ghipsul sintetic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ghipsul sintetic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Deoarece resursele de ghips natural sunt limitate, o alternativă utilă la această resursă naturală neregenerabilă o reprezintă <i>ghipsul sintetic</i>, denumit și <i>ghips chimic</i>. Principalele surse de obținere a acestuia sunt:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li>din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acid_fosforic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acid fosforic">acid fosforic</a>,</li> <li>din alți acizi minerali (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acid_citric?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acid citric">acid citric</a> etc.)</li> <li>prin desulfurizarea gazelor,</li> <li>prin neutralizarea apei acide (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acid_sulfuric?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acid sulfuric">acid sulfuric</a>) din industria <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dioxid_de_titan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dioxid de titan">dioxidului de titan</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Prof. dr. Nicolae Anastasiu. Dicționar de termeni – Sedimentologie - Petrologie sedimentară - Sisteme depoziționale.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lafarge.ro/wps/portal/ro/2_2_4-Glosar">Glosar material de construcție</a></span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_minerale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de minerale">Listă de minerale</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_roci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de roci">Listă de roci</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_roci_dup%C4%83_genez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de roci după geneză">Listă de roci după geneză</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> Materiale media legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gypsum?uselang%3Dro">ghips</a></b></span> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16786155">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:0 auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .whiteText{color:#fff}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .whiteText{color:#fff}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important;background:transparent!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important;background:transparent!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DGhips%26oldid%3D16758031">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghips&oldid=16758031</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ghips&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="E.Coman" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1737109914"> <span>Ultima modificare pe 17 ianuarie 2025, la 12:31</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Limbi</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheso_(mineral)" title="Cheso (mineral) – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cheso (mineral)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B5" title="جص – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جص" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelsu" title="Yelsu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yelsu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips_(mineral)" title="Gips (mineral) – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gips (mineral)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581" title="Гипс – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гипс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2596%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581" title="Гіпс – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гіпс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2596%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581" title="Гіпс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гіпс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581" title="Гипс – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гипс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipsum" title="Gipsum – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gipsum" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2586%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BA" title="ဂျစ်ပဆမ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂျစ်ပဆမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guix" title="Guix – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D0%25BC" title="Гипсум – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гипсум" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25A1drovec" title="Sádrovec – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sádrovec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581" title="Гипс – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гипс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2593%25CF%258D%25CF%2588%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582" title="Γύψος – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γύψος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gypsum" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipso%25C5%259Dtono" title="Gipsoŝtono – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gipsoŝtono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeso_(mineral)" title="Yeso (mineral) – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yeso (mineral)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kips" title="Kips – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kips" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igeltsu_(minerala)" title="Igeltsu (minerala) – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Igeltsu (minerala)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF_%25DA%25AF%25DA%2586" title="سنگ گچ – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنگ گچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipsi" title="Kipsi – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kipsi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypse" title="Gypse – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gypse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipseam" title="Gipseam – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gipseam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeso" title="Xeso – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xeso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2592%25D7%2591%25D7%25A1" title="גבס – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גבס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258C%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A0" title="हरसौंठ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हरसौंठ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipsz" title="Gipsz – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gipsz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B3%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BA%25D5%25BD" title="Գիպս – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիպս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipsum" title="Gipsum – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gipsum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipso" title="Gipso – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gipso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesso_(minerale)" title="Gesso (minerale) – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gesso (minerale)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%259F%25B3%25E8%2586%258F" title="石膏 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="石膏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A8%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="თაბაშირი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თაბაშირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581" title="Гипс – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гипс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%259C%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AA%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B2%2582" title="ಜಿಪ್ಸಂ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಿಪ್ಸಂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2584%259D%25EA%25B3%25A0" title="석고 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="석고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceps" title="Ceps – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ceps" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581" title="Гипс – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гипс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gypsum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipsas" title="Gipsas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gipsas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25A2ipsis" title="Ģipsis – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ģipsis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatosanga" title="Vatosanga – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vatosanga" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581" title="Гипс – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гипс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D3%25A9%25D0%25BB%25D1%2582%25D0%25B3%25D3%25A9%25D0%25BD%25D3%25A9" title="Гөлтгөнө – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гөлтгөнө" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipsum" title="Gipsum – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gipsum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2586%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BA" title="ဂျစ်ပဆမ် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျစ်ပဆမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gip" title="Gip – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gip" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2596%25E0%25A9%259C%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2586_%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%259F%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਖੜੀਆ ਮਿੱਟੀ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੜੀਆ ਮਿੱਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Gypsum" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D9%25BE%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585" title="جپسم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جپسم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipsita" title="Gipsita – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gipsita" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quntay" title="Quntay – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Quntay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581" title="Гипс – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гипс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581%25D1%258D" title="Гиипсэ – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гиипсэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jissu_(minirali)" title="Jissu (minirali) – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Jissu (minirali)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gypsum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A" title="چيرولي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چيرولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gypsum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadrovec" title="Sadrovec – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sadrovec" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadra" title="Sadra – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sadra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581" title="Гипс – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гипс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasi" title="Jasi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jasi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%259C%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="ஜிப்சம் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜிப்சம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%25A1" title="ยิปซัม – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยิปซัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%25C3%25A7%25C4%25B1_ta%25C5%259F%25C4%25B1" title="Alçı taşı – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alçı taşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D0%25BC" title="Гипсум – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гипсум" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AF%25D9%2589%25D9%25BE%25D9%2589%25D8%25B3" title="گىپىس – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گىپىس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2596%25D0%25BF%25D1%2581" title="Гіпс – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гіпс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gips" title="Gips – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gips" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%25E1%25BA%25A1ch_cao" title="Thạch cao – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thạch cao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyipsum" title="Dyipsum – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dyipsum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%259F%25B3%25E8%2586%258F" title="石膏 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="石膏" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%259F%25B3%25E8%2586%258F" title="石膏 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石膏" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%259F%25B3%25E8%2586%258F" title="石膏 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="石膏" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 17 ianuarie 2025, ora 12:31.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Conținutul este disponibil sub <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, exceptând cazurile în care se specifică altfel.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termeni de utilizare</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DGhips%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-r7zpx","wgBackendResponseTime":172,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.221","walltime":"0.558","ppvisitednodes":{"value":967,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":57737,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1337,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":9326,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 221.732 1 -total"," 32.65% 72.392 1 Format:Referințe"," 31.21% 69.196 1 Format:Meta-casetăma"," 25.50% 56.542 1 Format:Minerale"," 24.45% 54.219 1 Format:Casetă_de_navigare_simplă"," 24.41% 54.131 1 Format:Commonscat-inline"," 16.16% 35.833 1 Format:Infocaseta_Mineral"," 15.08% 33.439 1 Format:Category_handler"," 14.91% 33.063 1 Format:Infocasetă"," 14.02% 31.087 1 Format:Meta-casetă/core"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.094","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2072657,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-645694d6cb-g8mqc","timestamp":"20250212212719","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ghips","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghips","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q82658","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q82658","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-10-10T16:00:34Z","dateModified":"2025-01-17T10:31:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a7\/Roses_des_Sables_Tunisie.jpg"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('ro', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>