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ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Bertute" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Bertute" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Bertute" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antzinako_Egipto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antzinako_Egipto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antzinako Egipto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antzinako_Egipto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antzinatasun_grekoerromatarra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antzinatasun_grekoerromatarra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><b>Antzinatasun grekoerromatarra</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antzinatasun_grekoerromatarra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bertute_platonikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bertute_platonikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Bertute platonikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bertute_platonikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epikurotar_bertutea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epikurotar_bertutea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Epikurotar bertutea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epikurotar_bertutea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estoizismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estoizismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Estoizismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estoizismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antzinako_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antzinako_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Antzinako India</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Antzinako_India-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Antzinako India azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Antzinako_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Valluvar_(Tiruvalluvar)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valluvar_(Tiruvalluvar)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Valluvar (Tiruvalluvar)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valluvar_(Tiruvalluvar)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erlijio_tradizionalak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erlijio_tradizionalak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Erlijio tradizionalak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Erlijio_tradizionalak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Erlijio tradizionalak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Erlijio_tradizionalak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erlijio_Abrahamikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erlijio_Abrahamikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Erlijio Abrahamikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erlijio_Abrahamikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kristautasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kristautasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Kristautasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kristautasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Islama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Judaismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekialdeko_erlijioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekialdeko_erlijioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ekialdeko erlijioak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekialdeko_erlijioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buddhismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Buddhismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taoismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taoismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Taoismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taoismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Hinduismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikhismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikhismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Sikhismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikhismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bertute</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 81 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deug" title="Deug – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Deug" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugend" title="Tugend – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tugend" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9" title="فضيلة – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فضيلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virt%C3%BA" title="Virtú – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Virtú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99zil%C9%99t" title="Fəzilət – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fəzilət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bansay" title="Bansay – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bansay" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Добродетел – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Добродетел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A3" title="সদ্গুণ – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সদ্গুণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀུན་སྤྱོད་བཟང་པོ། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀུན་སྤྱོད་བཟང་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrlina" title="Vrlina – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vrlina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtut" title="Virtut – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Virtut" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%BE%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%85%E1%8E%BE" title="ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎾᏍᎦᏅᎾ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%95%D8%AA" title="فەزیلەت – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فەزیلەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctnost" title="Ctnost – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ctnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%83%D1%85%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Лайăхлăх – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лайăхлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinwedd" title="Rhinwedd – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhinwedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyd" title="Dyd – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dyd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugend" title="Tugend – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tugend" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AE" title="Αρετή – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρετή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Virtue" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virto" title="Virto – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Virto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtud" title="Virtud – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Virtud" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorus" title="Voorus – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Voorus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA" title="فضیلت – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فضیلت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyve" title="Hyve – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hyve" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertu" title="Vertu – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vertu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%A1ilce" title="Suáilce – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Suáilce" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtude" title="Virtude – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Virtude" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirki" title="Kirki – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kirki" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מידות טובות – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מידות טובות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3" title="गुण – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrlina" title="Vrlina – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vrlina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobry_po%C4%8Dink" title="Dobry počink – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Dobry počink" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8ti" title="Vèti – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vèti" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C3%A9ny" title="Erény – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtute" title="Virtute – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Virtute" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebajikan" title="Kebajikan – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebajikan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertuo" title="Vertuo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Vertuo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyg%C3%B0" title="Dygð – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dygð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virt%C3%B9" title="Virtù – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Virtù" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%BE%B3" title="美徳 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="美徳" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86" title="ಸುಶೀಲತೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸುಶೀಲತೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%8D%95" title="미덕 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미덕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83" title="Кайрымдуу – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кайрымдуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtus" title="Virtus – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Virtus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virt%C3%B9" title="Virtù – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Virtù" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doryb%C4%97" title="Dorybė – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dorybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikums" title="Tikums – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tikums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilai_murni" title="Nilai murni – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nilai murni" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deugd" title="Deugd – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Deugd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyd" title="Dyd – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dyd" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyd" title="Dyd – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dyd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertut" title="Vertut – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vertut" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A3" title="ਗੁਣ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnota" title="Cnota – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cnota" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtude" title="Virtude – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Virtude" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtute" title="Virtute – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Virtute" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Добродетель – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Добродетель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%82%D2%AF%D3%A9" title="Үтүө – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Үтүө" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virit%C3%A0" title="Virità – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Virità" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrlina" title="Vrlina – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vrlina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8" title="ගුණධර්ම – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගුණධර්ම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Virtue" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnos%C5%A5" title="Cnosť – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cnosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrlina" title="Vrlina – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vrlina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtyti" title="Virtyti – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Virtyti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Врлина – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Врлина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dygd" title="Dygd – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dygd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adili" title="Adili – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Adili" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நல்லொழுக்கம் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நல்லொழுக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D3%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Некӯкор – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Некӯкор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="คุณธรรม – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คุณธรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdem" title="Erdem – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Erdem" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Чеснота – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чеснота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="نیکی – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Virtue" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_h%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Đức hạnh – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đức hạnh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%BE%B7" title="美德 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מעלות – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעלות" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%BE%B7" title="美德 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%BE%B7" title="美德 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q157811#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bertute" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li 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dir="ltr"><p><b>Bertutea</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinez</a>: <span lang="la"><i>virtus</i></span>) <a href="/wiki/Bikaintasun" title="Bikaintasun">bikaintasun</a> <a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">morala</a> da. Bertute bat moralki egokitzat hartzen den ezaugarri edo gaitasun bat da. Bertute bat da pertsona batek duen prestutasuna bat egiteko <a href="/wiki/Ongi" title="Ongi">ongira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egia" title="Egia">egiara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justizia" title="Justizia">justiziara</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Edertasun" title="Edertasun">edertasunera</a> bideratuta dauden proiektu idealekin. Bertute batek ahalbidetzen du ondo dagoena egitea eta txarto dagoena ekiditea. Bertute baten kontrakoa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bizio (sortu gabe)">bizioa</a> da. Bizitza etiko batean, bertuteak garrantzia handia du. </p><p>Nozio honen bestelako adibideak dira tradizio asiarretako merituaren kontzeptua, hala nola <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_(txinera)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De (txinera) (sortu gabe)">De</a></i>-arena (<a href="/wiki/Txinera" title="Txinera">txineraz</a> 德). Budismoaren lau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmavihara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmavihara (sortu gabe)">brahmavihara</a>-k ("jainkozko egoerak") ere hartu daitezke bertute gisa zentzu europarrean.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Etimologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antzinako erromatarrek <i>virtus</i> (<i>vir</i> hitzetik: gizona) latinezko hitza erabiltzen zuten "gizakiaren ezaugarri bikain guztiak, indar fisikoa, ausardia eta <a href="/wiki/Zuzentasun" title="Zuzentasun">zuzentasun</a> morala barne" adierazteko. <a href="/wiki/Frantses" title="Frantses">Frantsesezko</a> <i>vertu</i> eta <i>virtu</i> latinezko erro honetan jatorria dute. <i>Virtue</i> hitza maileguz hartua izan zen <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesean</a> XIII. mendean.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antzinako_Egipto">Antzinako Egipto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Antzinako Egipto»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Antzinako Egipto"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Goddess_Ma%27at_or_Maat_of_Ancient_Egypt_-_reconstructed.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Goddess_Ma%27at_or_Maat_of_Ancient_Egypt_-_reconstructed.png/220px-Goddess_Ma%27at_or_Maat_of_Ancient_Egypt_-_reconstructed.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Goddess_Ma%27at_or_Maat_of_Ancient_Egypt_-_reconstructed.png/330px-Goddess_Ma%27at_or_Maat_of_Ancient_Egypt_-_reconstructed.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Goddess_Ma%27at_or_Maat_of_Ancient_Egypt_-_reconstructed.png/440px-Goddess_Ma%27at_or_Maat_of_Ancient_Egypt_-_reconstructed.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>Maat (Ma'at). Antzinako Egipton, egiaren, orekaren, ordenaren eta justiziaren jainkosa.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Maat</a> (edo Ma'at) <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Egipto" title="Antzinako Egipto">Antzinako Egiptoko</a> <a href="/wiki/Egia" title="Egia">egiaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oreka" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Oreka">orekaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordena" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ordena">ordenaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lege" title="Lege">legearen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">moralitatearen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Justizia" title="Justizia">justiziaren</a> jainkosa zen. Maat hitza ere erabili ohi da bestelako kontzeptu horiei erreferentzia egiteko. Maat irudikatua izaten zen ere izarren, urtaroen eta hilkorren nahiz jainkoen ekintzen arautzaile bezala. Jainkoek unibertsoaren ordena arautzen zuten <a href="/wiki/Munduaren_sorrera_(mitoa)" title="Munduaren sorrera (mitoa)">sorkuntzaren momentutik</a> sortutako <a href="/wiki/Kaos_(mitologia)" title="Kaos (mitologia)">kaosetik</a> abiatuta. Maat-en kontrako ideologikoa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isfet_(jainko_egiptziarra)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isfet (jainko egiptziarra) (sortu gabe)">Isfet</a> zen, kaosaren, gezurraren eta injustiziaren ikur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antzinatasun_grekoerromatarra"><b>Antzinatasun grekoerromatarra</b></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Antzinatasun grekoerromatarra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Antzinatasun grekoerromatarra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antzinako Grezian bertutea garrantzia handikoa zen, errealitateak har dezakeen bikaintasun edo osotasun bezala ikusten zutena eta, bereziki, gizakiak har zezakeena. Gizakiaren bertute honi <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arete (sortu gabe)">areté</a></i> izendatu zioten, gaur egun bertutearen kontzeptuak hartzen duen esanahiaz haratago doana, erreferentzia egiten die "naturaren parte diren potentzien perfektutasun eta osotasun"-ei.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sokratesen aburuz, bertutea ongia eskuratzeko laguntzen diguna da, arrazoiketaren eta filosofiaren bitartez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bertute_platonikoak">Bertute platonikoak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bertute platonikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bertute platonikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Errepublika_(Platon)" title="Errepublika (Platon)">Errepublika</a></i> lanean, <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platonek</a> giza-arimaren hiru zatien bereizketa egiten du: adimentsua, grinatsua eta haserrekorra. Bakoitzari bertute bat egokitzen dio, hurrenez hurren, jakintasuna edo zuhurtzia, neurritasuna edo autokontrola eta ausardia. Jakinduriak ekintza zuzenak identifikatzeko lagungarria da, horiek noiz eta nola ekin jakiteko. Autokontrolak edo neurritasunak desirak edo apetak kontrolatzea ahalbidetzen du, batez ere jateari, edateari eta desira sexualei dagokienez. Ausardiak arriskuei eta egoera zailei aurre egiteko lagungarria da, mehatxuen aurrean zure balioak defendatzeko. </p><p>Hiru bertute hauei laugarren bat gehitzen zaio: justizia, bizikidetzan arduraz eta segurtasunez bizitzeko beharrezkoa dena. </p><p>Lau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute_kardinalak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertute kardinalak (sortu gabe)">bertute kardinal</a> klasikoak honako hauek dira:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuhurtzia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zuhurtzia (sortu gabe)">Zuhurtzia</a></b> (φρόνησις, <i>phrónēsis</i>; latinez: <i>prudentia</i>; jakinduria ere, <i>Sophia</i>, <i>sapientia</i>). Egoera bati aurre egiteko egin behar dena jakiteko gaitasuna, egoera batean momentu egokian hartu behar den erabakia edo ekintza aurreikusteko.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sendotasuna_(bertutea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sendotasuna (bertutea) (sortu gabe)"><b>Sendotasuna</b></a> (ἀνδρεία, <i>andreía</i>; latinez: <i>fortitudo</i>). Ausardia ere, tolerantzia, indarra, erresistentzia eta beldurrari, ezjakintasunari eta mehatxuei aurre egiteko gaitasuna.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurritasuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurritasuna (sortu gabe)">Neurritasuna</a></b> (σωφροσύνη, <i>sōphrosýnē</i>; latinez: <i>temperantia</i>): autokontrolaren praktika, abstentzioa, diskrezioa eta apetak zuzentzeko neurritasuna. Platonen aburuz <i>Sōphrosynē</i>, "zentzutasuna" itzulera ere izan daitekeena, bertute garrantzitsuena da.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Justizia" title="Justizia">Justizia</a></b> (δικαιοσύνη, <i>dikaiosýnē</i>; latinez: <i>iustitia</i>): ekitatea edo zuzentasuna.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><br /> <b>Bertute aristotelikoa</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristotelesen</a> etikari buruzko obretan lantzen dira bertutearen inguruko hausnarketa zabalak. Bertuteak banatzen ditu bi talde nagusitan: etikoak eta dianoetikoak. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:%22The_School_of_Athens%22_by_Raffaello_Sanzio_da_Urbino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%22The_School_of_Athens%22_by_Raffaello_Sanzio_da_Urbino.jpg/220px-%22The_School_of_Athens%22_by_Raffaello_Sanzio_da_Urbino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%22The_School_of_Athens%22_by_Raffaello_Sanzio_da_Urbino.jpg/330px-%22The_School_of_Athens%22_by_Raffaello_Sanzio_da_Urbino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%22The_School_of_Athens%22_by_Raffaello_Sanzio_da_Urbino.jpg/440px-%22The_School_of_Athens%22_by_Raffaello_Sanzio_da_Urbino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3820" data-file-height="2964" /></a><figcaption><i>Atenasko eskola</i> (1509-1511), Rafael Sanzio margolari errenazentistaren artelana.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikomakorentzako_Etika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikomakorentzako Etika (sortu gabe)">Nikomakorentzako Etika</a></i> lanean, Aristotelesek bertutea definitzen du ezaugarri baten urritasun eta gehiegikeriaren arteko puntua bezala<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Bertute nagusiko unea ez da erdigune zehatza, baizik eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urrezko_media_(filosofia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urrezko media (filosofia) (sortu gabe)">urrezko media</a> bat, zeina batzuetan mutur batetik bestetik baino gertuago da. Hala ere, ekintza bertutetsua ez da bakarrik kontrajarritako bi muturren (xera, urritasunaren eta gehiegikeriaren) arteko media. Aristotelesek <i>Nikomakorentzako Etika</i>n landu bezala, bertutea honetan datza: “momentu egokietan, gauza egokien gainean, pertsona egokiei helbideratuta, helburu egokirako eta modu egokian, hori da erdiguneko eta onena den egoera, eta hau bertutearen ezaugarri da”. Bertutea, berriz ere, ez datza soilik bi muturren arteko desberdintasuna zatitzean: adibidez, eskuzabaltasuna da bertute bat xuhurkeriaren eta zarrastelkeriaren artean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Epikurotar_bertutea">Epikurotar bertutea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Epikurotar bertutea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Epikurotar bertutea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epikurotar_etika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epikurotar etika (sortu gabe)">Epikurotar etika</a>k plazeraren bilaketa <a href="/wiki/Arrazionaltasun" title="Arrazionaltasun">arrazional</a> baten alde egiten du, bertuteen laguntzaz egiten dena. Epikurotarrek erakusten dute bertuteekin (baita bizioarekin) lotutako emozioak, jarrerak eta ohiturak osagarri kognitibo bat dutela, eta oinarritzen direla egiazko (zein faltsuzko) sinesmenetan. Bere sinesmenak naturarekin bat daudela baieztatuta eta iritzi hutsez libratuta, epikurotarrak izaera bertutetsu bat garatzen du naturarekin harmonian dagoena, eta honek modu atsegingarrian bizitzea ahalbidetzen dio.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Estoizismoa">Estoizismoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Estoizismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Estoizismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Estoizismo" title="Estoizismo">Estoikoen</a> aburuz, bertutea beti naturarekin bat dagoenarekin jardutean datza. Gizakion kasuan, izaki arrazionalak izanik, beti arrazoiarekin jardutean datza bertutea, beraz, momentu guztietan pasioak ukatuz: gugan dagoen irrazionala den guztia, ezin dena kontrolatu eta ondorioz saihestu behar dena. Estoikoek hartzen zuten bertutea, ezaugarri aktibo gisa, ongi gorena bezala. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antzinako_India">Antzinako India</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Antzinako India»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Antzinako India"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valluvar_(Tiruvalluvar)"><span id="Valluvar_.28Tiruvalluvar.29"></span>Valluvar (Tiruvalluvar)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Valluvar (Tiruvalluvar)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Valluvar (Tiruvalluvar)"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Thiruvalluvar_1960_stamp_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Thiruvalluvar_1960_stamp_of_India.jpg/220px-Thiruvalluvar_1960_stamp_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Thiruvalluvar_1960_stamp_of_India.jpg/330px-Thiruvalluvar_1960_stamp_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Thiruvalluvar_1960_stamp_of_India.jpg/440px-Thiruvalluvar_1960_stamp_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Thiruvalluvar, Indiar poeta eta filosofoa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Idatzi erlijiosoak <i><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharma</a></i> edo <i>aṟam</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil">Tamil</a> terminoa bertuteei erreferentzia egiteko) jainkozko bertute gisa hartzen duten artean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiruvalluvar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiruvalluvar (sortu gabe)">Valluvar</a>-ek deskribatzen du bizitzeko modu harmoniatsua bezala, zoriontasun unibertsalari eramaten gaituena. Valluvar-ek <a href="/wiki/Justizia" title="Justizia">justizia</a> hartzen zuen <i>aṟam</i>-aren alderdi edo emaitza bezala. Aurreko garaietan justizia jainkozko misterio bat bezala hartzen zen, definitzeko ezinezkoa, baina Valluvarren aburuz ez da beharrezkoa jainkozko jatorri bat justiziaren kontzeptua definitzeko.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erlijio_tradizionalak">Erlijio tradizionalak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erlijio tradizionalak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Erlijio tradizionalak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erlijio_Abrahamikoak">Erlijio Abrahamikoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erlijio Abrahamikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Erlijio Abrahamikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kristautasuna">Kristautasuna</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kristautasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Kristautasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kristautasunean, <a href="/wiki/Bertute_teologal" title="Bertute teologal">hiru bertute teologikoak</a> <a href="/wiki/Fede" title="Fede">fedea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itxaropen" title="Itxaropen">itxaropena</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Maitasun" title="Maitasun">maitasuna</a> ditugu, azkenenekoa horietako gorena izanik. Maitasunaren bertute kristauari askotan <a href="/wiki/Karitate_(ongintza)" title="Karitate (ongintza)">karitatea</a> deitzen zaio. </p><p>Kristautasunaren jarraitzaileek askotan hauei gehitzen dizkiete <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute_kardinal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertute kardinal (sortu gabe)">lau bertute kardinal klasikoak</a> (neurritasuna/autokontrola, justizia, zuhurtzia eta sendotasuna) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zazpi_bertuteak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zazpi bertuteak (sortu gabe)">jainkozko zazpi bertuteak</a> osatze aldera, <a href="/wiki/Zazpi_bekatu_nagusiak" title="Zazpi bekatu nagusiak">zazpi bekatu nagus</a>iei kontrajarritakoak. Tradizio kristauan, ausardia edo sendotasuna <a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santua" title="Espiritu Santua">Espiritu Santua</a>ren oparia dugu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islama">Islama</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Islama»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Islama"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamean</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a>a</i> da jainkoaren hitza eta bertutearen deskripzioa, eta <a href="/wiki/Mahoma" title="Mahoma">Muhammad</a> adibide argia dute irudikatzeko bertutea gizaki forman. Islamean dagoen bertutearen ulerkera eta interpretazio Koranaren eta Muhammaden praktiken ulerkeran datza. Bertutea ulertzen da jainkoarekiko erabateko mendekotasunean, komunitate osoaren bidez. </p><p>Erlijio islamikoaren jarraitzaileek bizitzako eremu guztietan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ondo_dagoena_gozatu_eta_txarra_debekatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ondo dagoena gozatu eta txarra debekatu (sortu gabe)"><i>“al-amr bi-l-maʿrūf wa-n-nahy ʿani-l-munkar</i>”</a> (“bertutetsua dena / ondo dagoena jarraitu eta okerra / biziotsua dena ukatu”, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Imran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Imran (sortu gabe)">Korana 3:110</a>) aldarria jarraitu beharra dute, gizakia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fitra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fitra (sortu gabe)">jainkoaren nahia ezagutzeko eta betetzeko gaitasuna</a> jaso baitu. </p><p>Bertutea, bekatuaren kontrakotzat izanda, <i>thawāb</i> izenaz ezagutua da, eta meritu espirituala esan nahi du. Hala ere, badaude bestelako terminoak bertuteari erreferentzia egiteko, hala nola <i>faḍl</i> ("ordainsaria"), <i>taqwa</i> ("errukia"), and <i>ṣalāḥ</i> ("justizia"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judaismoa">Judaismoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Judaismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Judaismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jainkoa maitatzea eta bere legeak obeditzea, konkretuki <a href="/wiki/Hamar_Aginduak" title="Hamar Aginduak">Hamar Aginduak</a>, erdigunekoa da <a href="/wiki/Judaismo" title="Judaismo">judaismoak</a> duen bertutearen ulerkeran. Jakinduria pertsonifikatua da <a href="/wiki/Esaera_Zaharren_liburua" title="Esaera Zaharren liburua">Esaera Zaharren liburua</a>ren lehenengo zortzi kapituluetan, eta bertutearen iturria izateaz gain, Jainkoaren sorkari lehendabizikoa eta gorena da (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Proverbs%208:12%E2%80%9331&version=nrsv">Esaera zaharrak 8:12–31</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekialdeko_erlijioak">Ekialdeko erlijioak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekialdeko erlijioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Ekialdeko erlijioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buddhismoa">Buddhismoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Buddhismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Buddhismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Gautam_buddha_in_meditation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gautam_buddha_in_meditation.gif/220px-Gautam_buddha_in_meditation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gautam_buddha_in_meditation.gif/330px-Gautam_buddha_in_meditation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Gautam_buddha_in_meditation.gif/440px-Gautam_buddha_in_meditation.gif 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Siddharta Gautama (Buddha).</figcaption></figure> <p>Praktika budistek, <a href="/wiki/Bide_Zortzikoitz_Zintzoa" title="Bide Zortzikoitz Zintzoa">Bide Zortzikoitz Zintzoa</a>k adierazitakoek, bertuteetara eramaten dute. Budismoaren lau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahmavihara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahmavihara (sortu gabe)">brahmavihara</a></i>-k ("jainkozko egoerak") Europar zentzuan bertutetzat har genitzake: <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i>Mettā</i>/<i>Maitrī</i>: izaki guztienganako maitasuna eta ontasuna eta guztien ongizatearen nahia.</li> <li><i>Karuṇā</i>: errukia, bestearen sufrimenduaren amaiera nahi izatea.</li> <li><i>Muditā</i>: poztasun altruista besteen ongizatearen aurrean.</li> <li><i>Upekkhā</i>/<i>Upekṣā</i>: oreka, irabazitakoa eta galdutakoa onartzeko gaitasuna.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C4%81ramit%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pāramitā (sortu gabe)">Pāramitās</a></i> ("bikaintasunak") ere badira, bertute konkretuak une gorenera eskuratzearen ondorioz  datozenak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taoismoa">Taoismoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Taoismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Taoismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bertutea, <i>de</i> (德) <a href="/wiki/Txinera" title="Txinera">txineraz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Txinatar_filosofia" title="Txinatar filosofia">txinatar filosofia</a>n garrantzia handiko kontzeptua da, konkretuki <a href="/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo">Taoismoan</a>. <i>De</i> (Txinera: 德; pinyin: <i>dé</i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i>te</i>) jatorriz “bertute” esanahia zuen pertsona baten izaerari erreferentzia eginez, baina aldatu izan zen semantikoki bertute moralari, moralitateari. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Konfuzianismo" title="Konfuzianismo">Konfuzianismoaren</a> hasiera, “bertutea”-ren nozioa barnebiltzen zituen <i>ren</i> ("gizatasuna", baita ontasuna), <i>xiao</i> ("errukitasuna senideekiko"), and <i>li</i> ("erritu-espiritua"). </p><p>Taoismoaren <i>De</i> kontzeptuak erreferentzia egiten dio gizaki batek egiten duen edo egin dezakeen ekintza <i>Tao</i>-a (“bide zuzena”) jarraituz. Pentsamendu txinatarrean garrantzitsua den ideia bat da banako baten posizio soziala erakusten duen bertute kantitatearen emaitza dela, jaiotzetiko zerbait baino. </p><p>Kultura txinatarrean sinbolo desberdinak dira bertutea irudikatzeko: aran-loreak, orkidea, urrelilia, banbua… Margo txinatar klasikoetan oso ohikoak direnak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hinduismoa">Hinduismoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hinduismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Hinduismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_coral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_coral.svg/220px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_coral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_coral.svg/330px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_coral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_coral.svg/440px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_coral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Om-en ikurra, erabilia ikur erlijioso gisa hinduismoan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bertutearen esentzia, beharra eta balioa filosofia <a href="/wiki/Hinduismo" title="Hinduismo">hinduan</a> azaldua da inposatu ezin den zerbait bezala, baizik eta borondatezkoa dela banako batek ekiteko eta bizitzeko. Batzuetan, <i>punya</i> hitzak bertutea esan nahi du. Bizitza <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">dharmiko</a> (morala, etikoa eta bertutetsua den bizitza) bat osatzen duten bertuteak gordetzen dira <a href="/wiki/Vedak" title="Vedak">vedas</a>-etan eta <a href="/wiki/Upanishad" title="Upanishad">upanishad</a>-etan.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sikhismoa">Sikhismoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sikhismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Sikhismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sikhismo" title="Sikhismo">Sikhismoaren</a> etikak aldarrikatzen du eguneroko ekintza moralen eta garapen espiritualaren arteko koherentzia. Horren fundatzaileak, <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a>, honela dio: “Egia da bertute gorena, baina are goragokoa da egiazko bizitza.”<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikhismoaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bost_bertuteak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bost bertuteak (sortu gabe)">bost bertuteak</a> hauek dira: <i>Sat</i> (egia), <i>Daya</i> (errukia), <i>Santokh</i> (poztasuna, asetasuna), <i>Nimrata</i> (apaltasuna), and <i>Pyaar</i> (maitasuna). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBodhi">Bodhi, Bhikkhu. <i>A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma. </i> Pariyatti, 89 or.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFInc.1991">Inc., Merriam-Webster.  (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780965034111"><i>The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories.. </i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780965034111/page/496">496</a> or.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJ.Gaos1942">J., W. K.; Gaos, José.  (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40082874">«Antología filosófica : La filosofía griega»</a> <i>Books Abroad</i> 16 (3): 316.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F40082874">10.2307/40082874</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0006-7431">0006-7431</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-03-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFCunningham2002">Cunningham, Stanley B..  (2002). <i>Virtues and Vices and Other Essays in Moral Philosophy. </i>, 133 - 137 or.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> [theplatonist.com <i>The Fourfold Virtues of Augustine & Plato & Confucius. </i>]</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> [Eskuragarri hemen: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232937/http://home.wlu.edu/~mahonj/Ancient_Philosophers/Aristotle2.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232937/http://home.wlu.edu/~mahonj/Ancient_Philosophers/Aristotle2.htm</a> <i>Nicomachean Ethics. </i>]</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://societyofepicurus.com/philodemus-method-of-studying-and-cultivating-the-virtues/"><i>Philodemus’ Method of Studying and Cultivating the Virtues. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFN.1973">N., Sanjeevi.  (1973). <i>First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers (2nd ed.). Chennai: University of Madras. pp. xxiii–xxvii.. </i> Chennai: University of Madras., xxiii–xxvii. or.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSponberg2010">Sponberg, Alan.  (2010). <i>Bodhisattva Path. Encyclopedia of Buddhism.. </i> Routledge, 89 or. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-136-98588-1" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-136-98588-1">978-1-136-98588-1</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"> [buddhanet.net <i>"Buddhist Studies for Secondary Students, Unit 6: The Four Immeasurables".. </i>]</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFTiwari1998">Tiwari, Kedar Nath.  (1998). <i>Classical Indian Ethical Thought: A Philosophical Study of Hindu, Jaina, and Buddhist Morals. </i> Motilal Banarsidass Publishers., 52-55 or. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-81-208-1608-4." title="Berezi:BookSources/978-81-208-1608-4.">978-81-208-1608-4.</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSingh2014">Singh, Pashaura.  (2014). <i>Ethical Living.. </i> The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press., 234 or. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/978-0199699308.">978-0199699308.</a>.</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertute&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output 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