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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_and_OS_X" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_and_OS_X"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Apple and OS X</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_and_OS_X-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Implementations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Implementations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-OpenSolaris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OpenSolaris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>OpenSolaris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OpenSolaris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-OpenIndiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OpenIndiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>OpenIndiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OpenIndiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-macOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#macOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>macOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-macOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BSD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BSD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>BSD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BSD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DragonFlyBSD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DragonFlyBSD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>DragonFlyBSD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DragonFlyBSD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NetBSD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NetBSD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>NetBSD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NetBSD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FreeBSD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FreeBSD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>FreeBSD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FreeBSD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MidnightBSD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MidnightBSD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>MidnightBSD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MidnightBSD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TrueOS_(formerly_PC-BSD)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TrueOS_(formerly_PC-BSD)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>TrueOS (formerly PC-BSD)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TrueOS_(formerly_PC-BSD)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TrueNAS_Core,_(formerly_FreeNAS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TrueNAS_Core,_(formerly_FreeNAS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.6</span> <span>TrueNAS Core, (formerly FreeNAS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TrueNAS_Core,_(formerly_FreeNAS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-pfSense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#pfSense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.7</span> <span>pfSense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-pfSense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OPNsense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OPNsense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.8</span> <span>OPNsense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OPNsense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XigmaNAS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XigmaNAS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.9</span> <span>XigmaNAS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XigmaNAS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.10</span> <span>Debian GNU/kFreeBSD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Linux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ZFS_on_FUSE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ZFS_on_FUSE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>ZFS on FUSE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ZFS_on_FUSE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_ZFS_on_Linux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_ZFS_on_Linux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Native ZFS on Linux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_ZFS_on_Linux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-KQ_InfoTech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KQ_InfoTech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>KQ InfoTech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KQ_InfoTech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Source_code_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Source_code_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>Source code distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Source_code_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ubuntu_integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ubuntu_integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.5</span> <span>Ubuntu integration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ubuntu_integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TrueNAS_Scale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TrueNAS_Scale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.6</span> <span>TrueNAS Scale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TrueNAS_Scale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microsoft_Windows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_Windows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Microsoft Windows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_Windows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Version_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Version history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Version_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Version history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Version_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pool_versions_and_feature_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pool_versions_and_feature_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pool versions and feature flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pool_versions_and_feature_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-OpenZFS_2.0" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OpenZFS_2.0"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>OpenZFS 2.0</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OpenZFS_2.0-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">OpenZFS</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenZFS" title="OpenZFS – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="OpenZFS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenZFS" title="OpenZFS – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="OpenZFS" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenZFS" title="OpenZFS – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="OpenZFS" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenZFS" title="OpenZFS – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="OpenZFS" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenZFS" title="OpenZFS – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="OpenZFS" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17073228#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/OpenZFS" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:OpenZFS" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/OpenZFS"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/OpenZFS"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/OpenZFS" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/OpenZFS" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&oldid=1269794341" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=OpenZFS&id=1269794341&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOpenZFS"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOpenZFS"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Open-source implementation of ZFS file system</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">OpenZFS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:OpenZFS_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo of the OpenZFS project" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/OpenZFS_logo.svg/250px-OpenZFS_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/OpenZFS_logo.svg/330px-OpenZFS_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/OpenZFS_logo.svg/440px-OpenZFS_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="326" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">OpenZFS Project</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">Ported to various systems between 2006 and 2010. <a href="/wiki/Software_fork" class="mw-redirect" title="Software fork">Forked</a> from OpenSolaris August 2010<span class="noprint">; 14 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2010-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">2.3.1<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-1fe0653452606971a36516ece059681464f944b5-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-1fe0653452606971a36516ece059681464f944b5-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17073228?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 10 March 2025<span class="noprint">; 29 days ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">10 March 2025</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#Beta" title="Software release life cycle">Preview release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">2.3.0-rc5<sup id="cite_ref-openzfsReleases_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfsReleases-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / January 6, 2025<span class="noprint">; 3 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2025-01-06</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-openzfsReleases_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfsReleases-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/openzfs/zfs">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/openzfs<wbr />/zfs</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data">C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">illumos</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenIndiana" title="OpenIndiana">OpenIndiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/OSv" title="OSv">OSv</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_License" title="Common Development and Distribution License">Common Development and Distribution License</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openzfs.org/">openzfs<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>OpenZFS</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source">open-source</a> implementation of the <a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a> <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volume_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Volume manager">volume manager</a> initially developed by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Solaris</a> operating system, and is now maintained by the OpenZFS Project. Similar to the original ZFS, the implementation supports features like <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">data compression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">data deduplication</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copy-on-write" title="Copy-on-write">copy-on-write</a> clones, <a href="/wiki/Snapshot_(computer_storage)" title="Snapshot (computer storage)">snapshots</a>, <a href="/wiki/RAID-Z" class="mw-redirect" title="RAID-Z">RAID-Z</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">virtual devices</a> that can create filesystems that span multiple disks. </p><p>One of the main capabilities of OpenZFS is self-healing. The file system can detect and correct errors while in use, without the need for a dedicated file system checker. This feature makes it suitable for mission-critical applications that require high availability. </p><p>OpenZFS is mainly used in enterprise and <a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">data center</a> environments, as well as consumer devices like <a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">network-attached storage</a> (NAS) devices, where data reliability and safety is essential. While initially designed for Solaris, development has since focused on <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, while ports exist for various <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a> distributions and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Oracle_ZFS" title="Oracle ZFS">Oracle ZFS</a>, OpenZFS is licensed under the <a href="/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_License" title="Common Development and Distribution License">Common Development and Distribution License</a> (CDDL), enabling both open-source and commercial use of the file system. </p><p>Founding members of OpenZFS include Matt Ahrens, one of the main architects of ZFS.<sup id="cite_ref-freebsdnews2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freebsdnews2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the codebases of OpenZFS and ZFS on Linux, a <a href="/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">kernel module</a> allowing ZFS to be used on Linux, were merged and released as OpenZFS 2.0, allowing other non-Linux operating systems to receive the various improvements that the Linux driver had incorporated over time.<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-ixsystems2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-ixsystems2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_and_implementations_of_ZFS" class="mw-redirect" title="History and implementations of ZFS">History and implementations of ZFS</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a> file system was originally developed by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a> operating system. The ZFS source code was released in 2005 under the <a href="/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_License" title="Common Development and Distribution License">Common Development and Distribution License</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>, and it was later ported to other operating systems and environments.<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-history_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-linuxjournal_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linuxjournal-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following is a list of key events in the development of ZFS and its various implementations:<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-history_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-linuxcon-openzfs_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linuxcon-openzfs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>2001: Closed-source development of ZFS began with two engineers at Sun.</li> <li>2005: ZFS source code was released as part of the OpenSolaris project.</li> <li>2006: Development of a ZFS port to <a href="/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace" title="Filesystem in Userspace">FUSE</a> for Linux started.</li> <li>2007: Apple began a project to port ZFS to <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a>.</li> <li>2008: A port to FreeBSD was released as part of FreeBSD 7.0.</li> <li>2008: Development of a native ZFS Linux port started, known as ZFS on Linux.</li> <li>2009: Apple's ZFS project closed, and the MacZFS project took over development of the driver. (It has since also been discontinued; it was current through <a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">Mac OS X 10.9</a>).</li> <li>2010: OpenSolaris was discontinued following the <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Sun_Microsystems_by_Oracle_Corporation" title="Acquisition of Sun Microsystems by Oracle Corporation">acquisition of Sun Microsystems by Oracle</a>, resulting in the further development of ZFS on Solaris being no longer open-source.</li> <li>2010: Following the discontinuation, a project named <a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">illumos</a> was formed and <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forked</a> OpenSolaris to continue open-source development,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ZFS included. Ports of ZFS to other platforms continued by pulling in upstream changes from <a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">illumos</a>.</li> <li>2012: Feature flags were introduced to replace legacy on-disk version numbers, enabling easier development of the ZFS on-disk format to support new features.</li> <li>2013: Coexisting with the stable version of MacZFS, its prototype generation (known as OpenZFS on OS X or O3X) uses ZFS on Linux as the new upstream codebase.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: The first stable release of ZFS on Linux.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: Official announcement of the OpenZFS Project as an organization for maintaining OpenZFS.<sup id="cite_ref-lwn-567090_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lwn-567090-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-announcement_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-announcement-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New features and fixes are regularly pulled into OpenZFS from illumos and pushed into all ports to other platforms, and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-history_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#1604" title="Ubuntu version history">Ubuntu 16.04</a> includes the open-source ZFS file system variant by default.</li> <li>2020: ZFS on Linux was merged into OpenZFS and added FreeBSD support, unifying the codebase for both platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports">Ports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">FSF</a> (Free Software Foundation) claimed that there was a <a href="/wiki/CDDL_and_GPL_legal_incompatibility" class="mw-redirect" title="CDDL and GPL legal incompatibility">legal incompatibility between the CDDL and the GPL</a> in 2005, Sun's implementation of the ZFS file system couldn't be used as a basis for the development of a <a href="/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">module</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>, couldn't be merged into the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel_mainline" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux kernel mainline">mainline Linux kernel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a> generally did not include it as a precompiled kernel module.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a workaround, <a href="/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace" title="Filesystem in Userspace">FUSE</a>, a framework that allows file systems to run in <a href="/wiki/User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">userspace</a>, was used on Linux as a separation layer for which the licensing issues did not apply, although with a set of its own issues that includes a performance penalty.<sup id="cite_ref-linuxjournal_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linuxjournal-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the April 2016 release of <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> 16.04 <a href="/wiki/Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">LTS</a> includes ZFS as a kernel module.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_and_OS_X">Apple and OS X</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Apple and OS X"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the release version of <a href="/wiki/Mac_os_x_10.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac os x 10.5">Mac OS X 10.5</a>, ZFS was available in read-only mode from the command line, which lacks the possibility to create z-pools or write to them.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the 10.5 release, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> released the "ZFS Beta Seed v1.1", which allowed read-write access and the creation of z-pools;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the installer for the "ZFS Beta Seed v1.1" has been reported to only work on version 10.5.0, and has not been updated for version 10.5.1 and above.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2007, Apple opened a ZFS project on their Mac OS Forge web site. On that site, Apple provided the source code and binaries of their port of ZFS which includes read-write access,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but without an installer.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2009, Apple discontinued development of the ZFS project on Mac OS Forge with no explanation. Apple removed everything but the CDDL-licensed portion of the source code for their final build of the ZFS project, code named "10a286". Complete ZFS support was originally advertised as a feature of <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard Server">Snow Leopard Server</a> before launch,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but by the time the operating system was released all references to this feature had been removed from its features page.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apple's "10a286" source code release, and versions of the previously released source and binaries, have been preserved and new development had been adopted by the MacZFS project<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-code.google.com_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-code.google.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to continue development outside of Apple. As of July 2012, Mac ZFS implements z-pool version 8 and ZFS version 2, released with the October 2008 release of <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>. Additional historical information and commentary can be found on the Mac ZFS web site and <a href="/wiki/FAQ" title="FAQ">FAQ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the project ceased development in mid 2013 with a message asking users to switch to O3X.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Oracle_ZFS#Implementations" title="Oracle ZFS">Oracle ZFS § Implementations</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: OpenSolaris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a> 2008.05, 2008.11 and 2009.06 use ZFS as their default filesystem.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="OpenIndiana">OpenIndiana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: OpenIndiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenIndiana" title="OpenIndiana">OpenIndiana</a> uses OpenZFS with feature flags as implemented in <a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">Illumos</a>. ZFS version 28 used up to version 151a3.<sup id="cite_ref-OI-151a5_release_notes_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OI-151a5_release_notes-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>By upgrading from OpenSolaris snv_134 to both OpenIndiana and Solaris 11 Express, one also has the ability to upgrade and separately boot Solaris 11 Express on the same ZFS pool.<sup id="cite_ref-istgt_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-istgt-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="macOS">macOS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: macOS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Open ZFS on OSX</i> (abbreviated to <i>O3X</i>) is an implementation of ZFS for <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O3X is under active development, with close relation to ZFS on Linux and illumos' ZFS implementation, while maintaining feature flag compatibility with ZFS on Linux. O3X implements z-pool version 5000, and includes the Solaris Porting Layer (SPL) originally written for Mac ZFS, which has been further enhanced to include a memory management layer based on the illumos kmem and vmem allocators. O3X is fully featured, supporting LZ4 compression, deduplication, ARC, <a href="/wiki/L2ARC" class="mw-redirect" title="L2ARC">L2ARC</a>, and SLOG.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacZFS" class="mw-redirect" title="MacZFS">MacZFS</a> is free software providing support for ZFS on macOS. The stable legacy branch provides up to ZFS pool version 8 and ZFS filesystem version 2. The development branch, based on ZFS on Linux and OpenZFS, provides updated ZFS functionality, such as up to ZFS zpool version 5000 and feature flags. This implementation is no longer supported, and developers have advised users to switch to O3X.<sup id="cite_ref-zpool-features_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zpool-features-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A proprietary implementation of ZFS (Zevo) was available at no cost from <a href="/wiki/GreenBytes" title="GreenBytes">GreenBytes</a>, Inc., implementing up to ZFS file system version 5 and ZFS pool version 28.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zevo offered a limited ZFS feature set, pending further commercial development; it was sold to <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a> in 2014, with unknown future plans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BSD">BSD</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: BSD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="DragonFlyBSD">DragonFlyBSD</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: DragonFlyBSD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Edward O'Callaghan started the initial port of ZFS to <a href="/wiki/DragonFlyBSD" class="mw-redirect" title="DragonFlyBSD">DragonFlyBSD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dfly_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dfly-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="NetBSD">NetBSD</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: NetBSD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The NetBSD ZFS port was started as a part of the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Google_Summer_of_Code" title="Google Summer of Code">Google Summer of Code</a> and in August 2009, the code was merged into <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a>'s source tree.<sup id="cite_ref-netbsd_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netbsd-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: FreeBSD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Paweł Jakub Dawidek ported ZFS to <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, and it has been part of FreeBSD since version 7.0.<sup id="cite_ref-fbsd_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fbsd-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes zfsboot, which allows booting FreeBSD directly from a ZFS dataset.<sup id="cite_ref-fbsd-zfs13_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fbsd-zfs13-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fbsd-zfs13voras_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fbsd-zfs13voras-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>FreeBSD's ZFS implementation is fully functional; the only missing features are kernel <a href="/wiki/CIFS" class="mw-redirect" title="CIFS">CIFS</a> server and <a href="/wiki/ISCSI" title="ISCSI">iSCSI</a>, but the latter can be added using externally available packages.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samba_(software)" title="Samba (software)">Samba</a> can be used to provide a userspace CIFS server.</li> <li>FreeBSD 13.0-RELEASE switches ZFS implementation from illumos-based code base to the unified OpenZFS 2 code base.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This change allows FreeBSD to receive OpenZFS improvements much quicker.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MidnightBSD">MidnightBSD</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: MidnightBSD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MidnightBSD" title="MidnightBSD">MidnightBSD</a>, a desktop operating system derived from FreeBSD, supports ZFS storage pool version 6 as of 0.3-RELEASE. This was derived from code included in <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> 7.0-RELEASE. An update to storage pool 28 is in progress in 0.4-CURRENT and based on 9-STABLE sources around FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE code.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TrueOS_(formerly_PC-BSD)"><span id="TrueOS_.28formerly_PC-BSD.29"></span>TrueOS (formerly PC-BSD)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: TrueOS (formerly PC-BSD)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TrueOS" title="TrueOS">TrueOS</a> (formerly known as PC-BSD, now defunct<sup id="cite_ref-trueos-defunct_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trueos-defunct-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was a desktop-oriented distribution of FreeBSD, which inherited its ZFS support.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TrueNAS_Core,_(formerly_FreeNAS)"><span id="TrueNAS_Core.2C_.28formerly_FreeNAS.29"></span>TrueNAS Core, (formerly FreeNAS)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: TrueNAS Core, (formerly FreeNAS)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TrueNAS" title="TrueNAS">TrueNAS</a> Core, an embedded open source <a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">network-attached storage</a> (NAS) distribution based on <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, has the same ZFS support as FreeBSD and <a href="/wiki/PC-BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="PC-BSD">PC-BSD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="pfSense">pfSense</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: pfSense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PfSense" title="PfSense">pfSense</a>, an open source BSD based <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">router</a>, supports ZFS, including installation and booting to ZFS pools, as of version 2.4.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="OPNsense">OPNsense</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: OPNsense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OPNsense" title="OPNsense">OPNsense</a>, an open source <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> based <a href="/wiki/Firewall_(computing)" title="Firewall (computing)">firewall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">router</a> distribution, supports ZFS, including installation and booting.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="XigmaNAS">XigmaNAS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: XigmaNAS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XigmaNAS" title="XigmaNAS">XigmaNAS</a> (formerly NAS4Free), an embedded open source <a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">network-attached storage</a> (NAS) distribution based on <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, has the same ZFS support as FreeBSD, ZFS storage pool version 5000. This project is a continuation of FreeNAS 7 series project.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD"><span id="Debian_GNU.2FkFreeBSD"></span>Debian GNU/kFreeBSD</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Debian GNU/kFreeBSD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Being based on the FreeBSD kernel, <a href="/wiki/Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian GNU/kFreeBSD">Debian GNU/kFreeBSD</a> has ZFS support from the kernel. However, additional userland tools are required,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while it is possible to have ZFS as root or /boot file system<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which case required <a href="/wiki/GNU_GRUB" title="GNU GRUB">GRUB</a> configuration is performed by the Debian installer since the <i>Wheezy</i> release.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>As of January 31, 2013, the ZPool version available is 14 for the <i>Squeeze</i> release, and 28 for the <i>Wheezy-9</i> release.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linux">Linux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Linux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the ZFS filesystem supports <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>-based operating systems, difficulties arise for <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distribution</a> maintainers wishing to provide native support for ZFS in their products due to <a href="/wiki/CDDL_and_GPL_legal_incompatibility" class="mw-redirect" title="CDDL and GPL legal incompatibility">legal incompatibilities</a> between the ZFS's CDDL license and the <a href="/wiki/GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">GPL</a> license used by the Linux kernel. To enable ZFS support within Linux, a <a href="/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">loadable kernel module</a> containing the CDDL-licensed ZFS code must be compiled and loaded into the kernel. According to the <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>, the wording of the GPL license legally prohibits redistribution of the resulting product as a <a href="/wiki/Derivative_work" title="Derivative work">derivative work</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though this viewpoint has caused some controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ZFS_on_FUSE">ZFS on FUSE</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: ZFS on FUSE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One potential workaround to licensing incompatibility was trialed in 2006, with an experimental port of the ZFS code to Linux's <a href="/wiki/FUSE_(Linux)" class="mw-redirect" title="FUSE (Linux)">FUSE</a> system. The <a href="/wiki/Filesystem" class="mw-redirect" title="Filesystem">filesystem</a> ran entirely in <a href="/wiki/Userspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Userspace">userspace</a> instead of being integrated into the Linux kernel, and was therefore not considered a derivative work of the kernel. This approach was functional, but suffered from significant performance penalties when compared with integrating the filesystem as a native kernel module running in <a href="/wiki/Kernel_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernel space">kernel space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FUSE_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FUSE-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016, the ZFS on FUSE project appears to be defunct, as the ZFS on Linux kernel driver has prevailed over the userspace one. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Native_ZFS_on_Linux">Native ZFS on Linux</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Native ZFS on Linux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A native port of ZFS for Linux produced by the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a> (LLNL) was released in March 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following these key events:<sup id="cite_ref-LinuxCon_2013:_OpenZFS_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LinuxCon_2013:_OpenZFS-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>2008: prototype to determine viability</li> <li>2009: initial ZVOL and <a href="/wiki/Lustre_(file_system)" title="Lustre (file system)">Lustre</a> support</li> <li>2010: development moved to <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> layer added</li> <li>2011: community of early adopters</li> <li>2012: production usage of ZFS</li> <li>2013: stable <a href="/wiki/General_availability" class="mw-redirect" title="General availability">GA</a> release</li></ul> <p>As of August 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, ZFS on <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> uses the OpenZFS pool version number 5000, which indicates that the features it supports are defined via <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Pool_versions_and_feature_flags">feature flags</a>. This pool version is an unchanging number that is expected to never conflict with version numbers given by Oracle.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="KQ_InfoTech">KQ InfoTech</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: KQ InfoTech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another native port for Linux was developed by KQ InfoTech in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-linuxforums_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linuxforums-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This port used the <i>zvol</i> implementation from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory as a starting point. A release supporting <i>zpool</i> v28 was announced in January 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-phoronixbenchmark_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoronixbenchmark-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2011, KQ Infotech was acquired by <a href="/wiki/STec,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="STec, Inc.">sTec, Inc.</a>, and their work on ZFS ceased.<sup id="cite_ref-phoronix_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoronix-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Source code of this port can be found on <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The work of KQ InfoTech was ultimately integrated into the LLNL's native port of ZFS for Linux.<sup id="cite_ref-phoronix_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoronix-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Source_code_distribution">Source code distribution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Source code distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While license incompatibilities may arise with the distribution of compiled binaries containing ZFS code, it is generally agreed that distribution of the source code itself is not affected by this. In <a href="/wiki/Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo Linux</a>, configuring a ZFS root filesystem is well documented and the required packages can be installed from its package repository.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Slackware" title="Slackware">Slackware</a> also provides documentation on supporting ZFS, both as a kernel module and built into the <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ubuntu_integration">Ubuntu integration</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ubuntu integration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The question of the CDDL license's compatibility with the GPL license resurfaced in 2015, when the Linux distribution <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (operating system)">Ubuntu</a> announced that it intended to make precompiled OpenZFS binary kernel modules available to end-users directly from the distribution's official package repositories.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Ubuntu announced that a legal review resulted in the conclusion that providing support for ZFS via a binary <a href="/wiki/Kernel_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernel module">kernel module</a> was not in violation of the provisions of the GPL license.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Software_Freedom_Law_Center" title="Software Freedom Law Center">Software Freedom Law Center</a> followed Ubuntu's conclusion,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the FSF and SFC reiterated their opposing views.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (operating system)">Ubuntu</a> 16.04 LTS ("<a href="/wiki/Xenial_Xerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenial Xerus">Xenial Xerus</a>"), released on April 21, 2016, allows the user to install the OpenZFS binary packages directly from the Ubuntu software repositories.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-phoronix-Ubuntu16.04-ZFS_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phoronix-Ubuntu16.04-ZFS-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, no legal challenge has been brought against <a href="/wiki/Canonical_(company)" title="Canonical (company)">Canonical</a> regarding the distribution of these packages. </p><p>As of 2019, Ubuntu supports experimental installation of ZFS as a root filesystem, starting with the 19.10 release ("Eoan Ermine"), to support coexistence of a nearly pure ZFS OS with GRUB and other operating systems on the same disk.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TrueNAS_Scale">TrueNAS Scale</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: TrueNAS Scale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A version of <a href="/wiki/TrueNAS" title="TrueNAS">TrueNAS</a> by <a href="/wiki/IXsystems" title="IXsystems">iXsystems</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian Linux</a>. As with TrueNAS Core (based on FreeBSD), it uses OpenZFS for storage and adds a variety of additional features. These include expanded device driver support, KVM virtual machines, PCIe passthrough and container support via Kubernetes and Docker. Furthermore, it allows clustered Docker and ZFS via <a href="/wiki/Gluster" title="Gluster">gluster</a>. Information about the current release can be found at the iXsystems <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.truenas.com/software-status/">Software Status</a> page.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microsoft_Windows">Microsoft Windows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Microsoft Windows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A port of open source ZFS was attempted in 2010 but after a hiatus of over one year development ceased in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2017, a new port of OpenZFS was announced by Jörgen Lundman at OpenZFS Developer Summit.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A newer open source port of ZFS which is considered a BETA release, can be found also on GitHub.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Version_history">Version history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Version history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For earlier history, see <a href="/wiki/ZFS#Version_history" title="ZFS">ZFS § Version history</a>.</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Legend: </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">Latest <a href="/wiki/FOSS" class="mw-redirect" title="FOSS">FOSS</a> stable release </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>ZFS Pool Version Number </th> <th>Release date </th> <th>Significant changes </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #DFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="free table-free">5000 </th> <td style="white-space:nowrap;">OpenZFS </td> <td>Unchanging pool version to signify that the pool indicates new features after pool version 28 using <a href="/wiki/ZFS_feature_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="ZFS feature flags">ZFS feature flags</a> rather than by incrementing the pool version </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pool_versions_and_feature_flags">Pool versions and feature flags</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Pool versions and feature flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/ZFS#Version_history" title="ZFS">ZFS § Version history</a></div> <p>Originally, <a href="/wiki/Software_versioning" title="Software versioning">version numbers</a> of the pool and file system were incremented as new features were introduced, in order to designate the on-disk file system format and available features. This worked well when a single entity controlled the development of ZFS, and this versioning scheme is still in use with the ZFS in <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a> <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a more <a href="/wiki/Distributed_development" title="Distributed development">distributed development</a> model, having a single version number is far from ideal as all implementations of OpenZFS would need to agree on all changes to the on-disk file system format. The solution selected by OpenZFS was to introduce <i>feature flags</i> as a new <a href="/wiki/Software_versioning" title="Software versioning">versioning system</a> that tags on-disk format changes with unique names, and supports both completely independent format changes and format changes that depend on each other. A pool can be moved and used between OpenZFS implementations as long as all feature flags in use by the pool are supported by both implementations.<sup id="cite_ref-linuxcon-openzfs_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linuxcon-openzfs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20, 26–27">: 20, 26–27 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-feature-flags-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2–3">: 2–3 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In OpenZFS, the pool version is permanently set to 5000, signifying that the pool indicates new features by setting or unsetting ZFS feature flags rather than by incrementing the pool version.<sup id="cite_ref-zpool-features_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zpool-features-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number 5000 was chosen because it is expected to never conflict with version numbers given by <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a>. Legacy version numbers still exist for pool versions 1–28.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Future on-disk format changes are enabled / disabled independently via these feature flags. </p><p>Legacy version numbers still exist for pool versions 1–28, and are implied by the pool version 5000;<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-pools-portable_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-pools-portable-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the initial proposal was to use 1000 as the pool version.<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-feature-flags-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> Future on-disk format changes are enabled and disabled independently via feature flags. </p><p>Feature flags are exposed as pool properties, following these naming scheme rules:<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-feature-flags-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li>Format of the property name is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">feature@<org-name>:<feature-name></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced"><org-name></span> is the reverse DNS name of the organization that developed the feature, ensuring unique property names.</li> <li>Property names can be shortened to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">feature@<feature-name></span> when they remain unambiguous.</li></ul> <p>For example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">feature@com.foocompany:async_destroy</span> is a valid property name, and it could be shortened to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">feature@async_destroy</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-feature-flags-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup> </p><p>Each pool feature can be in either <i>disabled</i>, <i>enabled</i>, or <i>active</i> state. Disabled features are those that will not be used, and no on-disk format changes will be made; as a result, such features are <a href="/wiki/Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">backward-compatible</a>. Enabled features are those that will be used, no on-disk format changes have been made yet, but the software may make the changes at any time; such features are still backward-compatible. Active features are those that have made backward-incompatible on-disk format changes to the pool.<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-feature-flags-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup> </p><p>When any pool feature is enabled, legacy version of the pool is automatically upgraded to 5000 and any other prerequisite features are also enabled. By default, new pools are created with all supported features enabled. In general, state of a feature can be changed from <i>active</i> back to <i>enabled</i>, undoing that way performed on-disk format changes and making the pool compatible again with an older OpenZFS implementation; however, for some features that might not be possible.<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-feature-flags-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5, 9">: 5, 9 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-pools-portable_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-pools-portable-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On-disk format changes can be associated with either <i>features for write</i> or <i>features for read</i>. The former are the features that an OpenZFS implementation must support to be capable of writing to the pool, while supporting such features is not mandatory for opening the pool in read-only mode. The latter are the features that an OpenZFS implementation must support to be able to read from the pool or to just open it, because opening a pool is not possible without actually reading from it.<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-feature-flags-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 7">: 7 </span></sup> </p><p>For example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">async_destroy</span> feature adds a new on-disk data structure to keep track of freed datasets, but an OpenZFS implementation does not need to know about this data structure to access the pool in read-only mode. Additionally, writing to a pool that has some features in <i>active</i> state is not possible by an OpenZFS implementation that does not support the same features.<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs-feature-flags-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 7–8">: 7–8 </span></sup> </p><p>A list of <a href="/wiki/Feature_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Feature flags">feature flags</a> and which operating systems support them is available from the OpenZFS documentation Web site<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (here the old Open-ZFS.org Web site<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="OpenZFS_2.0">OpenZFS 2.0</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: OpenZFS 2.0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, OpenZFS has been implemented as a core ZFS code, with each operating system's team adapting it to fit into their projects. This led in some cases to feature stagnation and divergence of features and command lines, as different operating systems developed divergent features and bug fixes, often for a single platform rather than across all platforms. Over time, new feature development shifted from <a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">Illumos</a> to <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These new features and fixes then had to be backported to Illumos before they could be re-ported for <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But this was difficult because the Linux version also included many smaller changes, which were hard to disentangle.<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, it was agreed that OpenZFS development would be overhauled to remedy these issues.<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than try to import all the Linux changes to other platforms piecemeal, the entire Linux ZFS code would be 'pivoted' as a whole, with other platforms being based on the more actively developed Linux version.<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A wide range of ported and new features, including many long-desired enhancements, would also be rolled out or ported across platforms, and future changes would be discussed across platforms before being implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plans included appropriate porting layers to prevent Linux, <a href="/wiki/GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">GPL</a> or Linux-KPI <a href="/wiki/Shim_(computing)" title="Shim (computing)">shim</a> code from being introduced to other platform <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The features in progress or ported for OpenZFS 2.0 is lengthy, and includes: </p> <ul><li>Faster rollout of enhancements and new features across platforms<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Command line standardisation<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Improved pool portability (ZFS pools created on one system can be equally used by another)<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wider cross-platform feature parity and platform independence<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Overlay (union) mounts accepted by default<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bug fixes and enhancements<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ZTS and various other features working on FreeBSD<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trim_(computing)" title="Trim (computing)">TRIM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Access_control_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Access control list">ACL</a>MODE enhancements<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ZFS holds (from FreeBSD)<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Enhanced native NFSv4 <a href="/wiki/Access_control_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Access control list">ACLs</a> (FreeBSD)<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Enhanced <a href="/wiki/AES-GCM" class="mw-redirect" title="AES-GCM">AES-GCM</a> performance for encrypted pools<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Redacted send/receive<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Log spacemap and other metaslab management enhancements - a project to re-implement ZFS' management of free space and "metaslabs" for much greater efficiency<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fast clone deletion<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zstd data compression as a new option<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Channel program property inheritance<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AltiVec RAID-Z<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bookmark support and copying<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Direct IO support<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Persistent L2ARC (L2ARC retained across reboots)<sup id="cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sequential (high speed) scrub and resilver<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Scrub pause/resume<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Resilver restart<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Device (VDEV) removal<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zpool initialize and checkpoint<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Channel programs<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Large Dnode<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Allocation classes (allowing specific high speed storage to be designated for <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> and deduplication tables)<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Parallel pool mounting<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Per-vdev properties<sup id="cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Deduplication enhancements – dedup-log (high speed deduplication), dedup table size limits, and deduplication table preloading (loaded fully at one time rather than piecemeal as needed), listed as "nice to have" in 2018, were all stated in April 2020 to be "coming along nicely" or largely complete<sup id="cite_ref-openzfs_leadership_notes_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openzfs_leadership_notes-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_file_systems" title="Comparison of file systems">Comparison of file systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Btrfs" title="Btrfs">Btrfs</a>—a copy-on-write file system for Linux</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER_(file_system)" title="HAMMER (file system)">HAMMER</a>—a high-availability file system for DragonFly BSD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_Anywhere_File_Layout" title="Write Anywhere File Layout">Write Anywhere File Layout</a> (WAFL)—NetApp's proprietary file layout</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenZFS&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/releases/tag/zfs-2.3.1">"https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/releases/tag/zfs-2.3.1"</a>. March 10, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fopenzfs%2Fzfs%2Freleases%2Ftag%2Fzfs-2.3.1&rft.date=2025-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fopenzfs%2Fzfs%2Freleases%2Ftag%2Fzfs-2.3.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|title=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-openzfsReleases-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-openzfsReleases_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openzfsReleases_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/releases">Releases · openzfs/zfs</a> on <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freebsdnews2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-freebsdnews2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freebsdnews.net/2013/09/23/openzfs-communities-co-operating-on-zfs-code-and-features/">"OpenZFS – Communities co-operating on ZFS code and features"</a>. <i>freebsdnews.net</i>. September 23, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014000145/http://www.freebsdnews.net/2013/09/23/openzfs-communities-co-operating-on-zfs-code-and-features/">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freebsdnews.net&rft.atitle=OpenZFS+%E2%80%93+Communities+co-operating+on+ZFS+code+and+features&rft.date=2013-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebsdnews.net%2F2013%2F09%2F23%2Fopenzfs-communities-co-operating-on-zfs-code-and-features%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zfs2-ixsystems2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-ixsystems2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ixsystems.com/blog/freenas-truenas-unification">"FreeNAS and TrueNAS are Unifying"</a>. March 5, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604013042/https://www.ixsystems.com/blog/freenas-truenas-unification/">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FreeNAS+and+TrueNAS+are+Unifying&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ixsystems.com%2Fblog%2Ffreenas-truenas-unification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zfs2-github2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/projects/25">"OpenZFS 2.0 · openzfs/ZFS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417085650/https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/projects/25">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=OpenZFS+2.0+%C2%B7+openzfs%2FZFS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fopenzfs%2Fzfs%2Fprojects%2F25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-openzfs-history-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-history_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-history_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-history_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open-zfs.org/wiki/History">"OpenZFS History"</a>. <i>open-zfs.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105247/http://open-zfs.org/wiki/History">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Uptake+of+native+Linux+ZFS+port+hampered+by+license+conflict&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2010%2F06%2Fuptake-of-native-linux-zfs-port-hampered-by-license-conflict%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharwood2016" class="citation web cs1">Sharwood, Simon (April 21, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/04/21/ubuntu_16_04_lts_launched/">"Ubuntu 16.04 LTS arrives today complete with forbidden ZFS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160708231237/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/04/21/ubuntu_16_04_lts_launched">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+16.04+LTS+arrives+today+complete+with+forbidden+ZFS&rft.date=2016-04-21&rft.aulast=Sharwood&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2016%2F04%2F21%2Fubuntu_16_04_lts_launched%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLarabel2015" class="citation web cs1">Larabel, Michael (October 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Ubuntu-ZFS-Standard-Plans">"Ubuntu is Planning to Make The ZFS Filesystem a "Standard" Offering"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Phoronix" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoronix">Phoronix</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630114359/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Ubuntu-ZFS-Standard-Plans">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ubuntu+is+Planning+to+Make+The+ZFS+Filesystem+a+%22Standard%22+Offering&rft.pub=Phoronix&rft.date=2015-10-06&rft.aulast=Larabel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Dnews_item%26px%3DUbuntu-ZFS-Standard-Plans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macnn.com/articles/07/06/12/leopard.uses.hfs.not.zfs/">"Apple: Leopard offers limited ZFS read-only"</a>. <i>MacNN</i>. June 12, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070619171212/http://www.macnn.com/articles/07/06/12/leopard.uses.hfs.not.zfs/">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacNN&rft.atitle=Apple%3A+Leopard+offers+limited+ZFS+read-only&rft.date=2007-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macnn.com%2Farticles%2F07%2F06%2F12%2Fleopard.uses.hfs.not.zfs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/journals/apple.ars/2007/10/07/apple-delivers-zfs-readwrite-developer-preview-1-1-for-leopard">"Apple delivers ZFS Read/Write Developer Preview 1.1 for Leopard"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i>. October 7, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071010082428/http://arstechnica.com/journals/apple.ars/2007/10/07/apple-delivers-zfs-readwrite-developer-preview-1-1-for-leopard">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Apple+delivers+ZFS+Read%2FWrite+Developer+Preview+1.1+for+Leopard&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fjournals%2Fapple.ars%2F2007%2F10%2F07%2Fapple-delivers-zfs-readwrite-developer-preview-1-1-for-leopard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKristo2007" class="citation web cs1">Kristo, Ché (November 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071224112557/http://synesius.wordpress.com/2007/11/18/zfs-beta-seed-v11-will-not-install-on-leopard1-1051/">"ZFS Beta Seed v1.1 will not install on Leopard.1 (10.5.1) " ideas are free"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://synesius.wordpress.com/2007/11/18/zfs-beta-seed-v11-will-not-install-on-leopard1-1051/">the original</a> on December 24, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZFS+Beta+Seed+v1.1+will+not+install+on+Leopard.1+%2810.5.1%29+%22+ideas+are+free&rft.date=2007-11-18&rft.aulast=Kristo&rft.aufirst=Ch%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsynesius.wordpress.com%2F2007%2F11%2F18%2Fzfs-beta-seed-v11-will-not-install-on-leopard1-1051%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091102050530/http://zfs.macosforge.org/">"ZFS"</a>. November 2, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zfs.macosforge.org/">the original</a> on November 2, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZFS&rft.date=2009-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzfs.macosforge.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://alblue.blogspot.com/2008/11/zfs-119-on-mac-os-x.html">http://alblue.blogspot.com/2008/11/zfs-119-on-mac-os-x.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220074105/http://alblue.blogspot.com/2008/11/zfs-119-on-mac-os-x.html">Archived</a> February 20, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> |title=Alblue.blogspot.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080721031014/http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/snowleopard/">"Snow Leopard (archive.org cache)"</a>. July 21, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/server/macosx/snowleopard/">the original</a> on July 21, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Snow+Leopard+%28archive.org+cache%29&rft.date=2008-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fserver%2Fmacosx%2Fsnowleopard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/server/macosx/snowleopard/">"Snow Leopard"</a>. June 9, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080721031014/http://www.apple.com/server/macosx/snowleopard/">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Snow+Leopard&rft.date=2009-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fserver%2Fmacosx%2Fsnowleopard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/zfs-macos/?pli=1">"zfs-macos | Google Groups"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108014127/http://groups.google.com/group/zfs-macos/?pli=1">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=zfs-macos+%26%23124%3B+Google+Groups&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Fzfs-macos%2F%3Fpli%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-code.google.com-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-code.google.com_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maczfs.org/">"maczfs – Official Site for the Free ZFS for Mac OS – Google Project Hosting"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160729211102/http://maczfs.org/">Archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=maczfs+%E2%80%93+Official+Site+for+the+Free+ZFS+for+Mac+OS+%E2%80%93+Google+Project+Hosting&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaczfs.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSallings2024" class="citation cs2">Sallings, Dustin (May 31, 2024), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dustin/mac-zfs"><i>dustin/mac-zfs</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=dustin%2Fmac-zfs&rft.date=2024-05-31&rft.aulast=Sallings&rft.aufirst=Dustin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fdustin%2Fmac-zfs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/maczfs/wiki/FAQ">Frequently Asked Questions page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319135415/http://code.google.com/p/maczfs/wiki/FAQ">Archived</a> March 19, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on code.google.com/p/maczfs</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/archive/p/maczfs/">"Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting"</a>. <i>code.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=code.google.com&rft.atitle=Google+Code+Archive+-+Long-term+storage+for+Google+Code+Project+Hosting.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcode.google.com%2Farchive%2Fp%2Fmaczfs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OI-151a5_release_notes-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OI-151a5_release_notes_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.openindiana.org/oi/oi_151a_prestable5+Release+Notes">"oi_151a_prestable5 Release Notes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160517204530/http://wiki.openindiana.org/oi/oi_151a_prestable5+Release+Notes">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=oi_151a_prestable5+Release+Notes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.openindiana.org%2Foi%2Foi_151a_prestable5%2BRelease%2BNotes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-istgt-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-istgt_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.openindiana.org/oi/Upgrading+from+OpenSolaris">"Upgrading from OpenSolaris"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926154800/http://wiki.openindiana.org/oi/Upgrading+from+OpenSolaris">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Upgrading+from+OpenSolaris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.openindiana.org%2Foi%2FUpgrading%2Bfrom%2BOpenSolaris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openzfsonosx.org/wiki/OpenZFS_on_OS_X">"OpenZFS on OS X"</a>. <i>openzfsonosx.org</i>. September 29, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129042839/https://openzfsonosx.org/wiki/OpenZFS_on_OS_X">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openzfsonosx.org&rft.atitle=OpenZFS+on+OS+X&rft.date=2014-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenzfsonosx.org%2Fwiki%2FOpenZFS_on_OS_X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zpool-features-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zpool-features_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zpool-features_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open-zfs.org/wiki/Features#Feature_Flags">"Features – OpenZFS – Feature flags"</a>. OpenZFS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130922041052/http://www.open-zfs.org/wiki/Features#Feature_Flags">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=code.google.com&rft.atitle=MacZFS%3A+Official+Site+for+the+Free+ZFS+for+Mac+OS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcode.google.com%2Fp%2Fmaczfs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zevo.getgreenbytes.com/wiki/pmwiki.php?n=Site.ZFSPoolAndFilesystemVersions">"ZEVO Wiki Site/ZFS Pool And Filesystem Versions"</a>. GreenBytes, Inc. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZEVO+Wiki+Site%2FZFS+Pool+And+Filesystem+Versions&rft.pub=GreenBytes%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzevo.getgreenbytes.com%2Fwiki%2Fpmwiki.php%3Fn%3DSite.ZFSPoolAndFilesystemVersions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dfly-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dfly_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/victoredwardocallaghan/DragonFlyBSD/tree/zfs-port">"Github zfs-port branch"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. September 23, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160109150222/https://github.com/victoredwardocallaghan/DragonFlyBSD/tree/zfs-port">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Github+zfs-port+branch&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fvictoredwardocallaghan%2FDragonFlyBSD%2Ftree%2Fzfs-port&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-netbsd-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-netbsd_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netbsd.org/contrib/soc-projects.html#zfs-port">"NetBSD Google Summer of Code projects: ZFS"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011015826/http://netbsd.org/contrib/soc-projects.html#zfs-port">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NetBSD+Google+Summer+of+Code+projects%3A+ZFS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netbsd.org%2Fcontrib%2Fsoc-projects.html%23zfs-port&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fbsd-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fbsd_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDawidek2007" class="citation web cs1">Dawidek, Paweł (April 6, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2007-April/070544.html">"ZFS committed to the FreeBSD base"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622050730/http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2007-April/070544.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZFS+committed+to+the+FreeBSD+base&rft.date=2007-04-06&rft.aulast=Dawidek&rft.aufirst=Pawe%C5%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flists.freebsd.org%2Fpipermail%2Ffreebsd-current%2F2007-April%2F070544.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fbsd-zfs13-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fbsd-zfs13_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://svn.freebsd.org/viewvc/base?view=revision&revision=192498">"Revision 192498"</a>. May 20, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZFS+v13+in+7-STABLE&rft.date=2009-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fivoras.sharanet.org%2Fblog%2Ftree%2F2009-05-21.zfs-v13-in-7-stable.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714005700/http://shell.peach.ne.jp/aoyama/">"iSCSI target for FreeBSD"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shell.peach.ne.jp/aoyama/">the original</a> on July 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iSCSI+target+for+FreeBSD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshell.peach.ne.jp%2Faoyama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freebsd.org/releases/13.0R/relnotes/">"FreeBSD 13.0-RELEASE Release Notes"</a>. <i>FreeBSD</i>. The FreeBSD Project<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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August 19, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124125445/https://www.truenas.com/trueos-discontinuation/">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trueos.com&rft.atitle=TrueOS+discontinuation&rft.date=2020-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.truenas.com%2Ftrueos-discontinuation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ixsystems.com/blog/truenas-12-0-is-released/">"TrueNAS 12.0 is Released!"</a>. October 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TrueNAS+12.0+is+Released%21&rft.date=2020-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ixsystems.com%2Fblog%2Ftruenas-12-0-is-released%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nas4free.org/index.php?id=3">"NAS4Free: Features"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206032723/http://www.nas4free.org/index.php?id=3">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NAS4Free%3A+Features&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nas4free.org%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.debian.org/Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD_FAQ#Q._Is_there_ZFS_support.3F">"Debian GNU/kFreeBSD FAQ"</a>. <i>Is there ZFS support?</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927182446/https://wiki.debian.org/Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD_FAQ#Q._Is_there_ZFS_support.3F">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Is+there+ZFS+support%3F&rft.atitle=Debian+GNU%2FkFreeBSD+FAQ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.debian.org%2FDebian_GNU%2FkFreeBSD_FAQ%23Q._Is_there_ZFS_support.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.debian.org/Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD_FAQ#Q._Can_I_use_ZFS_as_root_or_.2Fboot_file_system.3F">"Debian GNU/kFreeBSD FAQ"</a>. <i>Can I use ZFS as root or /boot file system?</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190118051541/https://wiki.debian.org/Debian_GNU/kFreeBSD_FAQ#Q._Can_I_use_ZFS_as_root_or_.2Fboot_file_system.3F">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phoronix&rft.atitle=Open+ZFS+File-System+Running+On+Windows&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Dnews_item%26px%3DOpenZFS-Windows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/openzfsonwindows/ZFSin">"OpenZFS on Windows"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171120033145/https://github.com/openzfsonwindows/ZFSin">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oracle+Solaris+ZFS+Version+Descriptions&rft.pub=Oracle+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.oracle.com%2Fcd%2FE26502_01%2Fhtml%2FE29007%2Fappendixa-1.html%23scrolltoc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-openzfs-feature-flags-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-feature-flags_87-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSiden2012" class="citation web cs1">Siden, Christopher (January 11, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130403114800/http://blog.delphix.com/csiden/files/2012/01/ZFS_Feature_Flags.pdf">"ZFS Feature Flags (Illumos Meetup)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>delphix.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=delphix.com&rft.atitle=ZFS+Feature+Flags+%28Illumos+Meetup%29&rft.date=2012-01-11&rft.aulast=Siden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.delphix.com%2Fcsiden%2Ffiles%2F2012%2F01%2FZFS_Feature_Flags.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open-zfs.org/wiki/Features#Feature_Flags">"OpenZFS Features – Feature flags"</a>. <i>open-zfs.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130922041052/http://www.open-zfs.org/wiki/Features#Feature_Flags">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-zfs.org&rft.atitle=OpenZFS+Features+%E2%80%93+Feature+flags&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopen-zfs.org%2Fwiki%2FFeatures%23Feature_Flags&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSiden2012" class="citation web cs1">Siden, Christopher (January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130403114800/http://blog.delphix.com/csiden/files/2012/01/ZFS_Feature_Flags.pdf">"ZFS Feature Flags"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">Illumos</a> Meetup. Delphix. p. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.delphix.com/csiden/files/2012/01/ZFS_Feature_Flags.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZFS+Feature+Flags&rft.series=Illumos+Meetup&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Delphix&rft.date=2012-01&rft.aulast=Siden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.delphix.com%2Fcsiden%2Ffiles%2F2012%2F01%2FZFS_Feature_Flags.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/illumos/illumos-gate/blob/master/usr/src/uts/common/sys/fs/zfs.h#L338">"/usr/src/uts/common/sys/fs/zfs.h (line 338)"</a>. illumos (GitHub). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160211205337/https://github.com/illumos/illumos-gate/blob/master/usr/src/uts/common/sys/fs/zfs.h#L338">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%2Fusr%2Fsrc%2Futs%2Fcommon%2Fsys%2Ffs%2Fzfs.h+%28line+338%29&rft.pub=illumos+%28GitHub%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fillumos%2Fillumos-gate%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2Fusr%2Fsrc%2Futs%2Fcommon%2Fsys%2Ffs%2Fzfs.h%23L338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/illumos/illumos-gate/blob/master/usr/src/uts/common/fs/zfs/zfeature.c#L89">"/usr/src/uts/common/fs/zfs/zfeature.c (line 89)"</a>. illumos (GitHub). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160211205337/https://github.com/illumos/illumos-gate/blob/master/usr/src/uts/common/fs/zfs/zfeature.c#L89">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%2Fusr%2Fsrc%2Futs%2Fcommon%2Ffs%2Fzfs%2Fzfeature.c+%28line+89%29&rft.pub=illumos+%28GitHub%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fillumos%2Fillumos-gate%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2Fusr%2Fsrc%2Futs%2Fcommon%2Ffs%2Fzfs%2Fzfeature.c%23L89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-openzfs-pools-portable-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-pools-portable_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openzfs-pools-portable_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open-zfs.org/wiki/FAQ#Are_storage_pools_created_by_OpenZFS_portable_between_operating_systems.3F">"OpenZFS FAQ: Are storage pools created by OpenZFS portable between operating systems?"</a>. <i>open-zfs.org</i>. September 26, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160103105216/http://open-zfs.org/wiki/FAQ#Are_storage_pools_created_by_OpenZFS_portable_between_operating_systems.3F">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-zfs.org&rft.atitle=OpenZFS+FAQ%3A+Are+storage+pools+created+by+OpenZFS+portable+between+operating+systems%3F&rft.date=2013-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopen-zfs.org%2Fwiki%2FFAQ%23Are_storage_pools_created_by_OpenZFS_portable_between_operating_systems.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Basic%20Concepts/Feature%20Flags.html">"Feature Flags — OpenZFS documentation"</a>. <i>openzfs.github.io</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=open-zfs.org&rft.atitle=Feature+Flags+%E2%80%93+OpenZFS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopen-zfs.org%2Fwiki%2FFeature_Flags%23Feature_flags_implementation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jude-BSDCAN2019-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jude-BSDCAN2019_95-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.freebsd.org/2019/BSDCan/jude-The_Future_of_OpenZFS_and_FreeBSD.files/jude-The_Future_of_OpenZFS_and_FreeBSD.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806005715/https://papers.freebsd.org/2019/BSDCan/jude-The_Future_of_OpenZFS_and_FreeBSD.files/jude-The_Future_of_OpenZFS_and_FreeBSD.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.freebsd.org%2F2019%2FBSDCan%2Fjude-The_Future_of_OpenZFS_and_FreeBSD.files%2Fjude-The_Future_of_OpenZFS_and_FreeBSD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zfs2-github-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zfs2-github_96-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/projects/25">"OpenZFS 2.0 · openzfs/ZFS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417085650/https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/projects/25">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=OpenZFS+2.0+%C2%B7+openzfs%2FZFS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fopenzfs%2Fzfs%2Fprojects%2F25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenZFS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-openzfs_leadership_notes-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-openzfs_leadership_notes_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1w2jv2XVYFmBVvG1EGf-9A5HBVsjAYoLIFZAnWHhV-BM/edit">"OpenZFS Leadership Team - Meeting Agenda and Notes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200607152333/https://docs.google.com/document/d/1w2jv2XVYFmBVvG1EGf-9A5HBVsjAYoLIFZAnWHhV-BM/edit">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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/></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:OpenZFS" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:OpenZFS">OpenZFS</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open-zfs.org/">The OpenZFS Project</a>: <span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open-zfs.org/wiki/Main_Page">website</a></span></span> and list of <span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://open-zfs.org/wiki/Distributions">OpenZFS distributions</a></span></span></li> <li>FreeBSD: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zfsonfreebsd.github.io/ZoF/">Webpage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/zfsonfreebsd/ZoF">GitHub</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/ZFS">wiki</a></li> <li>illumos: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://illumos.org/docs/about/features/">Webpage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/illumos/illumos-gate/">GitHub</a></li> <li>Linux: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zfsonlinux.org/">Webpage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs/">GitHub</a></li> <li>macOS: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openzfsonosx.org/">Webpage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/openzfsonosx/">GitHub</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.google.com/p/maczfs/">Google</a></li> <li>Windows: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openzfsonwindows.org/">Webpage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/openzfsonwindows/">GitHub</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2vIdPmsnTI&list=PLaUVvul17xSegxJjny2Gz85IgIyq9wu8n"><span class="plainlinks">OpenZFS Office Hours</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, October 11, 2013, by Matt Ahrens</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.delphix.com/alex/2015/01/15/openzfs-device-removal/">OpenZFS Device Removal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512214041/http://blog.delphix.com/alex/2015/01/15/openzfs-device-removal/">Archived</a> May 12, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, January 15, 2015, by Alex Reece</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disk and<br />non-rotating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Disc_Filing_System" title="Advanced Disc Filing System">ADFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AdvFS" title="AdvFS">AdvFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Fast_File_System" title="Amiga Fast File System">Amiga FFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_Old_File_System" title="Amiga Old File System">Amiga OFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">APFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AtheOS_File_System" class="mw-redirect" title="AtheOS File System">AthFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bcachefs" title="Bcachefs">bcachefs</a></li> <li>BFS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Be_File_System" title="Be File System">Be File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_File_System" title="Boot File System">Boot File System</a></li> <li>Byte File System (<a href="/wiki/Z/VM" title="Z/VM">z/VM</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Btrfs" title="Btrfs">Btrfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorNext_File_System" title="StorNext File System">CVFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXFS" title="CXFS">CXFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_Filing_System" title="Disc Filing System">DFS</a></li> <li>EFS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">Encrypting File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extent_File_System" title="Extent File System">Extent File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episode_filesystem" title="Episode filesystem">Episode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_file_system" title="Extended file system">ext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ext2" title="Ext2">ext2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext3" title="Ext3">ext3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext3cow" title="Ext3cow">ext3cow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext4" title="Ext4">ext4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Files-11" title="Files-11">Files-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_(file_system)" title="Fossil (file system)">Fossil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPFS" title="GPFS">GPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER_(file_system)" title="HAMMER (file system)">HAMMER</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER2" title="HAMMER2">HAMMER2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System_(Apple)" title="Hierarchical File System (Apple)">HFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System_(IBM_MVS)" title="Hierarchical File System (IBM MVS)">HFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/MVS" title="MVS">MVS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HFS_Plus" title="HFS Plus">HFS+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">HPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Throughput_File_System" title="High Throughput File System">HTFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFS_(file_system)" title="JFS (file system)">JFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log-structured_File_System_(BSD)" title="Log-structured File System (BSD)">LFS</a></li> <li>MFS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_File_System" title="Macintosh File System">Macintosh File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TiVo_Media_File_System" title="TiVo Media File System">TiVo Media File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MINIX_file_system" title="MINIX file system">MINIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_File_System" title="NetWare File System">NetWare File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next3" title="Next3">Next3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_Storage_Services" title="Novell Storage Services">NSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneFS_distributed_file_system" title="OneFS distributed file system">OneFS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">OpenZFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_File_System" title="Professional File System">PFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QFS" title="QFS">QFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX4FS" title="QNX4FS">QNX4FS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReFS" title="ReFS">ReFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReiserFS" title="ReiserFS">ReiserFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reiser4" title="Reiser4">Reiser4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datalight#Reliance_family" title="Datalight">Reliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datalight#Reliance_Nitro" title="Datalight">Reliance Nitro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_File_Sharing" title="Remote File Sharing">RFS</a></li> <li>SFS <ul><li>Shared File System (<a href="/wiki/VM_(operating_system)" title="VM (operating system)">VM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_File_System" title="Smart File System">Smart File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StorNext_File_System" title="StorNext File System">SNFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_(Apple)" title="Soup (Apple)">Soup (Apple)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tux3" title="Tux3">Tux3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBIFS" title="UBIFS">UBIFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_File_System" title="Unix File System">UFS/UFS2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_updates" title="Soft updates">soft updates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_Ahead_Physical_Block_Logging" title="Write Ahead Physical Block Logging">WAPBL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_File_System" title="Veritas File System">VxFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_Anywhere_File_Layout" title="Write Anywhere File Layout">WAFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiafs" title="Xiafs">Xiafs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFS" title="XFS">XFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xsan" title="Xsan">Xsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZFS_(z/OS_file_system)" title="ZFS (z/OS file system)">zFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">Optical disc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Sierra_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="High Sierra Format">HSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">ISO 9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">ISO 13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">SSD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">APFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transaction-Safe_FAT_File_System" title="Transaction-Safe FAT File System">TFAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EROFS" title="EROFS">EROFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F2FS" title="F2FS">F2FS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFS_(file_system)" title="JFS (file system)">JFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Volatile_File_System" title="Non-Volatile File System">NVFS</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="host-side_wear_leveling27" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">host-side <a href="/wiki/Wear_leveling" title="Wear leveling">wear leveling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHFS" title="CHFS">CHFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFFS" title="JFFS">JFFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFFS2" title="JFFS2">JFFS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LogFS" title="LogFS">LogFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YAFFS" title="YAFFS">YAFFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBIFS" title="UBIFS">UBIFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clustered_file_system#Distributed_file_systems" title="Clustered file system">Distributed parallel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BeeGFS" title="BeeGFS">BeeGFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceph_(software)" title="Ceph (software)">Ceph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXFS" title="CXFS">CXFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFS2" title="GFS2">GFS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_File_System" title="Google File System">Google File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCFS2" title="OCFS2">OCFS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrangeFS" title="OrangeFS">OrangeFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_Virtual_File_System" title="Parallel Virtual File System">PVFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantcast_File_System" title="Quantcast File System">QFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xsan" title="Xsan">Xsan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems#Distributed_parallel_file_systems" title="List of file systems">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">NAS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9P_(protocol)" title="9P (protocol)">9P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_File_System" title="Andrew File System">AFS</a> (<a href="/wiki/OpenAFS" title="OpenAFS">OpenAFS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Filing_Protocol" title="Apple Filing Protocol">AFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_(file_system)" title="Coda (file system)">Coda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_File_System" title="Google File System">Google File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPFS" title="GPFS">GPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(file_system)" title="Lustre (file system)">Lustre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_Core_Protocol" title="NetWare Core Protocol">NCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">NFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliptics" title="Elliptics">POHMELFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Hadoop" title="Apache Hadoop">Hadoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">SMB (CIFS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSHFS" title="SSHFS">SSHFS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems#Distributed_file_systems" title="List of file systems">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aufs" title="Aufs">Aufs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AXFS" title="AXFS">AXFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_File_System" title="Boot File System">Boot File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_File_System" title="Compact Disc File System">Compact Disc File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramfs" title="Cramfs">cramfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davfs2" title="Davfs2">Davfs2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EROFS" title="EROFS">EROFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTPFS" title="FTPFS">FTPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace" title="Filesystem in Userspace">FUSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lnfs" title="Lnfs">Lnfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Tape_File_System" title="Linear Tape File System">LTFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOVA_(filesystem)" title="NOVA (filesystem)">NOVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_MultiVersion_File_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational MultiVersion File System">MVFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SquashFS" title="SquashFS">SquashFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAT_filesystem_and_Linux" title="FAT filesystem and Linux">UMSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OverlayFS" title="OverlayFS">OverlayFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnionFS" title="UnionFS">UnionFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pseudo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Configfs" title="Configfs">configfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_file" title="Device file">devfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debugfs" title="Debugfs">debugfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernfs_(BSD)" title="Kernfs (BSD)">kernfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procfs" title="Procfs">procfs</a></li> <li>specfs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysfs" title="Sysfs">sysfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmpfs" title="Tmpfs">tmpfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filesystem-level_encryption" title="Filesystem-level encryption">Encrypted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECryptfs" title="ECryptfs">eCryptfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EncFS" title="EncFS">EncFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">EFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubberhose_(file_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubberhose (file system)">Rubberhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSHFS" title="SSHFS">SSHFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_ZFS" title="Oracle ZFS">ZFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clustered_file_system" title="Clustered file system">Clustered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_file_system" title="Global file system">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_file_system" title="Grid file system">Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-certifying_File_System" title="Self-certifying File System">Self-certifying</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_file_system" title="Flash file system">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journaling_file_system" title="Journaling file system">Journaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log-structured_file_system" title="Log-structured file system">Log-structured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_storage" title="Object storage">Object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record-oriented_filesystem" title="Record-oriented filesystem">Record-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_file_system" title="Semantic file system">Semantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steganographic_file_system" title="Steganographic file system">Steganographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_file_system" title="Synthetic file system">Synthetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versioning_file_system" title="Versioning file system">Versioning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Case_preservation" title="Case preservation">Case preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy-on-write" title="Copy-on-write">Copy-on-write</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">Data deduplication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_scrubbing" title="Data scrubbing">Data scrubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execute_in_place" title="Execute in place">Execute in place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extent_(file_systems)" title="Extent (file systems)">Extent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_attribute" title="File attribute">File attribute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_file_attributes" title="Extended file attributes">Extended file attributes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_change_log" title="File change log">File change log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(file_system)" title="Fork (file system)">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inode" title="Inode">Inode</a></li> <li>Links <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_link" title="Hard link">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_link" title="Symbolic link">Symbolic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_access_control" title="Computer access control">Access control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access-control_list" title="Access-control list">Access-control list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filesystem-level_encryption" title="Filesystem-level encryption">Filesystem-level encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File-system_permissions" title="File-system permissions">Permissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chmod" title="Chmod">Modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_bit" title="Sticky bit">Sticky bit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">Interfaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_manager" title="File manager">File manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_system_API" title="File system API">File system API</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Installable_File_System" title="Installable File System">Installable File System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">Virtual file system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_systems" title="List of file systems">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cryptographic_file_systems" title="List of cryptographic file systems">Cryptographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_default_file_systems" title="List of default file systems">Default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_log-structured_file_systems" title="List of log-structured file systems">Log-structured</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Layouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Master_Boot_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Boot Record">Master Boot Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table" title="GUID Partition Table">GUID Partition Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Partition_Map" title="Apple Partition Map">Apple Partition Map</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unix_and_Unix-like_operating_systems_and_compatibility_layers622" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unix" title="Template:Unix"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unix" title="Template talk:Unix"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unix" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unix"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unix_and_Unix-like_operating_systems_and_compatibility_layers622" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compatibility_layer" title="Compatibility layer">compatibility layers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unix_architecture" title="Unix architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_filesystem" title="Unix filesystem">Filesystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Unix" title="History of Unix">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_philosophy" title="Unix philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_security" title="Unix security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Shell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating<br />systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a></b></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/386BSD" title="386BSD">386BSD</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AudioOS" class="mw-redirect" title="AudioOS">audioOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DYNIX" title="DYNIX">DYNIX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SunOS" title="SunOS">SunOS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultrix" title="Ultrix">Ultrix</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux">SUSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions" title="List of Linux distributions">Other distributions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><b><a href="/wiki/UNIX_System_V" title="UNIX System V">System V</a></b></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A/UX" title="A/UX">A/UX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">AIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IRIX" title="IRIX">IRIX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenServer" title="OpenServer">OpenServer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Solaris</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">Illumos</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tru64_UNIX" title="Tru64 UNIX">Tru64 UNIX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UnixWare" title="UnixWare">UnixWare</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coherent_(operating_system)" title="Coherent (operating system)">Coherent</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain/OS" title="Domain/OS">Domain/OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU" title="GNU">GNU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">Hurd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LynxOS" title="LynxOS">LynxOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minix" title="Minix">Minix</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MOS_(operating_system)" title="MOS (operating system)">MOS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OSF/1" title="OSF/1">OSF/1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Research_Unix" title="Research Unix">Research Unix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SerenityOS" title="SerenityOS">SerenityOS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unix_systems" title="List of Unix systems">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_layer" title="Compatibility layer">Compatibility<br />layers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cygwin" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darling_(software)" title="Darling (software)">Darling</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eunice_(software)" title="Eunice (software)">Eunice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OpenVMS#Cross_platform_compatibility" title="OpenVMS">GNV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MachTen" title="MachTen">MachTen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">Microsoft POSIX subsystem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MKS_Toolkit" title="MKS Toolkit">MKS Toolkit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/IBM_i#PASE" title="IBM i">PASE</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P.I.P.S." title="P.I.P.S.">P.I.P.S.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PWS/VSE-AF" class="mw-redirect" title="PWS/VSE-AF">PWS/VSE-AF</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNIX_System_Services" title="UNIX System Services">UNIX System Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UserLAnd_Technologies" title="UserLAnd Technologies">UserLAnd Technologies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windows_Services_for_UNIX" title="Windows Services for UNIX">Windows Services for UNIX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate discontinued systems. <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Unix" title="Category:Unix">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Unix" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Unix">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_FreeBSD_Project99" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FreeBSD" title="Template:FreeBSD"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FreeBSD" title="Template talk:FreeBSD"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FreeBSD" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FreeBSD"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_FreeBSD_Project99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> Project</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD_Core_Team" title="FreeBSD Core Team">FreeBSD Core Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD_Documentation_License" title="FreeBSD Documentation License">FreeBSD Documentation License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD_Foundation" title="FreeBSD Foundation">FreeBSD Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD_Ports" title="FreeBSD Ports">FreeBSD Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD_version_history" title="FreeBSD version history">Version History</a></li> <li>Kernel Normal Form</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsystems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scheduling_(computing)#SCHEDULER" title="Scheduling (computing)">Scheduling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALTQ" title="ALTQ">ALTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ULE_scheduler" title="ULE scheduler">ULE scheduler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/OS-level_virtualisation" class="mw-redirect" title="OS-level virtualisation">Virtualisation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chroot" title="Chroot">chroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD_jail" title="FreeBSD jail">jail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhyve" title="Bhyve">bhyve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">Storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GEOM" title="GEOM">GEOM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geom_raid5" title="Geom raid5">raid5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBDE" title="GBDE">GBDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geli_(software)" title="Geli (software)">geli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)" title="Logical Volume Manager (Linux)">LVM2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinum_volume_manager" title="Vinum volume manager">vinum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSD_disklabel" title="BSD disklabel">disklabel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fdisk" title="Fdisk">fdisk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_File_System" title="Unix File System">UFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_updates" title="Soft updates">Soft updates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">VFS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#ZFS_on_FreeBSD">ZFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highly_Available_STorage" title="Highly Available STorage">Highly Available STorage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_wireless_drivers#FreeBSD" title="Comparison of open-source wireless drivers">802.11 drivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALTQ" title="ALTQ">ALTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_stack#FreeBSD" title="Bluetooth stack">Bluetooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Packet_Filter" title="Berkeley Packet Filter">BPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPFilter" title="IPFilter">IPFilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipfirewall" title="Ipfirewall">ipfw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netgraph" title="Netgraph">Netgraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDISwrapper#Similar_programs" title="NDISwrapper">NDIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF_(firewall)" title="PF (firewall)">pf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Address_Redundancy_Protocol" title="Common Address Redundancy Protocol">CARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfsync" title="Pfsync">pfsync</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_Control_Transmission_Protocol" title="Stream Control Transmission Protocol">SCTP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Busdma" title="Busdma">busdma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTrace" title="DTrace">DTrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenPAM" title="OpenPAM">OpenPAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenBSM" title="OpenBSM">OpenBSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsnap" title="Portsnap">portsnap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kqueue" title="Kqueue">kqueue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">KLD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moused" title="Moused">moused</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systat_(BSD)" title="Systat (BSD)">systat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dillon" title="Matthew Dillon">Matthew Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Hubbard" title="Jordan Hubbard">Jordan Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poul-Henning_Kamp" title="Poul-Henning Kamp">Poul-Henning Kamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Karels" title="Michael J. Karels">Mike Karels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Laurie" title="Ben Laurie">Ben Laurie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J_Leffler" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel J Leffler">Sam Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Kirk_McKusick" title="Marshall Kirk McKusick">Marshall Kirk McKusick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomidis_Spinellis" title="Diomidis Spinellis">Diomidis Spinellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Watson_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Watson (computer scientist)">Robert Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dru_Lavigne" title="Dru Lavigne">Dru Lavigne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_products_based_on_FreeBSD" title="List of products based on FreeBSD">Derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="open-source72" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DesktopBSD" title="DesktopBSD">DesktopBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DragonFly_BSD" title="DragonFly BSD">DragonFly BSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeNAS" class="mw-redirect" title="FreeNAS">FreeNAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeSBIE" title="FreeSBIE">FreeSBIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GhostBSD" title="GhostBSD">GhostBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MidnightBSD" title="MidnightBSD">MidnightBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M0n0wall" title="M0n0wall">m0n0wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OPNsense" title="OPNsense">OPNsense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PfSense" title="PfSense">pfSense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TrueOS" title="TrueOS">TrueOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_variants#BSD_variants" title="GNU variants">GNU/kFreeBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentoo/FreeBSD" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentoo/FreeBSD">Gentoo/FreeBSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XigmaNAS" title="XigmaNAS">XigmaNAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junos" class="mw-redirect" title="Junos">Junos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_system_software" title="Nintendo Switch system software">Nintendo Switch OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenServer" title="OpenServer">OpenServer 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_system_software" title="PlayStation 3 system software">PlayStation 3 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4_system_software" title="PlayStation 4 system software">PlayStation 4 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita_system_software" title="PlayStation Vita system software">PlayStation Vita OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="macOS423" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MacOS" title="Template:MacOS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MacOS" title="Template talk:MacOS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MacOS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MacOS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="macOS423" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_macOS" title="Architecture of macOS">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Built-in apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_software" title="List of Mac software">Software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Server 1.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0 Cheetah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.1" title="Mac OS X 10.1">10.1 Puma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">10.2 Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">10.3 Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">10.4 Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">10.5 Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6 Snow Leopard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">OS X</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Lion" title="OS X Lion">10.7 Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">10.8 Mountain Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">10.9 Mavericks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10 Yosemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">10.11 El Capitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">macOS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">10.12 Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">10.13 High Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14 Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15 Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">11 Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12 Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13 Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">14 Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">15 Sequoia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">App Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automator_(macOS)" title="Automator (macOS)">Automator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculator_(Apple)" title="Calculator (Apple)">Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(Apple)" title="Calendar (Apple)">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Chess" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contacts_(Apple)" title="Contacts (Apple)">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Center_(Apple)" title="Control Center (Apple)">Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_(software)" title="Dictionary (software)">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Player_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD Player (macOS)">DVD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapher" title="Grapher">Grapher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeKit" class="mw-redirect" title="HomeKit">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launchpad_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launchpad (macOS)">Launchpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_News" title="Apple News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music (software)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_(Apple)" title="Notes (Apple)">Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notification_Center" title="Notification Center">Notification Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_Booth" title="Photo Booth">Photo Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preview_(macOS)" title="Preview (macOS)">Preview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">Quicktime Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reminders_(Apple)" title="Reminders (Apple)">Reminders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safari_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Safari version history">version history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortcuts_(app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortcuts (app)">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickies_(Apple)" title="Stickies (Apple)">Stickies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TextEdit" title="TextEdit">TextEdit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Machine_(macOS)" title="Time Machine (macOS)">Time Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer_Tools" title="Apple Developer Tools">Developer Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instruments_(software)" title="Instruments (software)">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer_Tools#FileMerge" title="Apple Developer Tools">FileMerge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Builder" title="Interface Builder">Interface Builder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashcode" title="Dashcode">Dashcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_Composer" title="Quartz Composer">Quartz Composer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dashboard_(macOS)" title="Dashboard (macOS)">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Row_(software)" title="Front Row (software)">Front Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IChat" title="IChat">iChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhoto" title="IPhoto">iPhoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISync" title="ISync">iSync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_iTunes" title="History of iTunes">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(software)" title="Sherlock (software)">Sherlock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_Monitor_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Activity Monitor (macOS)">Activity Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPort_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="AirPort Utility">AirPort Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive Utility">Archive Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_MIDI_Setup" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio MIDI Setup">Audio MIDI Setup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_File_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluetooth File Exchange">Bluetooth File Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_Camp_(software)" title="Boot Camp (software)">Boot Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Configurator" title="Apple Configurator">Configurator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Console" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Crash_Reporter" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Crash Reporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Color_Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Color Meter">Digital Color Meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Directory Utility">Directory Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiskImageMounter" class="mw-redirect" title="DiskImageMounter">DiskImageMounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Utility" title="Disk Utility">Disk Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_Book" title="Font Book">Font Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Help_Viewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Help Viewer">Help Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_Capture" class="mw-redirect" title="Image Capture">Image Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installer_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Installer (macOS)">Installer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keychain_(software)" title="Keychain (software)">Keychain Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Assistant_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration Assistant (Apple)">Migration Assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_Editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Script Editor">Script Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Settings" title="System Settings">System Settings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Information_(Mac)" class="mw-redirect" title="System Information (Mac)">System Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(macOS)" title="Terminal (macOS)">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Access">Universal Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceOver" title="VoiceOver">VoiceOver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grab_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grab (macOS)">Grab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Utility">Network Utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODBC_Administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="ODBC Administrator">ODBC Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Install_Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Install Mac OS X">Remote Install Mac OS X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Software_Update" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Software Update">Software Update</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies &<br /><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">User Interface</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirDrop" title="AirDrop">AirDrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppKit" title="AppKit">AppKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">Apple File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_menu" title="Apple menu">Apple menu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Push_Notification_service" title="Apple Push Notification service">Apple Push Notification service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleScript" title="AppleScript">AppleScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_(user_interface)" title="Aqua (user interface)">Aqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Units" title="Audio Units">Audio Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVFoundation" title="AVFoundation">AVFoundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonjour_(software)" title="Bonjour (software)">Bonjour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundle_(macOS)" title="Bundle (macOS)">Bundle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CloudKit" title="CloudKit">CloudKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_key" title="Command key">Command key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Animation" title="Core Animation">Core Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Audio" title="Core Audio">Core Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Data" title="Core Data">Core Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Foundation" title="Core Foundation">Core Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Image" title="Core Image">Core Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_OpenGL" title="Core OpenGL">Core OpenGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Text" title="Core Text">Core Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Video" title="Core Video">Core Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Unix_Printing_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Unix Printing System">CUPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_Flow" title="Cover Flow">Cover Flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock_(macOS)" title="Dock (macOS)">Dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FileVault" title="FileVault">FileVault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typefaces_included_with_macOS" title="List of typefaces included with macOS">Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Kit" title="Foundation Kit">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatekeeper_(macOS)" title="Gatekeeper (macOS)">Gatekeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Dispatch" title="Grand Central Dispatch">Grand Central Dispatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Icon_Image_format" title="Apple Icon Image format">icns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_panic#macOS" title="Kernel panic">Kernel panic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keychain_(software)" title="Keychain (software)">Keychain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launchd" title="Launchd">launchd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mach-O" title="Mach-O">Mach-O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menu_extra" title="Menu extra">Menu extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_(API)" title="Metal (API)">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Control_(macOS)" title="Mission Control (macOS)">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Shift_(software)" title="Night Shift (software)">Night Shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCL" title="OpenCL">OpenCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_key" title="Option key">Option key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preference_Pane" class="mw-redirect" title="Preference Pane">Preference Pane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_list" title="Property list">Property list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(graphics_layer)" title="Quartz (graphics layer)">Quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Look" title="Quick Look">Quick Look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(software)" title="Rosetta (software)">Rosetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_folder#macOS" title="Virtual folder">Smart Folders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakable_items" title="Speakable items">Speakable items</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlight_(Apple)" title="Spotlight (Apple)">Spotlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacks_(Mac_OS)" title="Stacks (Mac OS)">Stacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Integrity_Protection" title="System Integrity Protection">System Integrity Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_binary" title="Universal binary">Universal binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XNU" title="XNU">XNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XQuartz" title="XQuartz">XQuartz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HFS%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="HFS+">HFS+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Type_Services_for_Unicode_Imaging" title="Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging">ATSUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BootX_(Apple)" title="BootX (Apple)">BootX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brushed_metal_(interface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brushed metal (interface)">Brushed metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_(API)" title="Carbon (API)">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic Environment">Classic Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkwell_(Macintosh)" title="Inkwell (Macintosh)">Inkwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaces_(software)" title="Spaces (software)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xgrid" title="Xgrid">Xgrid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> denote upcoming products.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" 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