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menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> Free education is <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> funded through government spending or charitable organizations rather than tuition funding. Many models of free higher education have been proposed.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">Primary school</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">comprehensive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory education</a> is free in many countries (often not including primary textbook). <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary education</a> is also free in certain countries, including <a href="/wiki/Post-graduate_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-graduate studies">post-graduate studies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> The Article 13 of <a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> ensures the right to free education at primary education and progressive introduction of it at <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">right to education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a>, there is no tuition fee except a small semester fee of NOK(600) (US$74).<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] From 2013 in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> started providing free higher education as well. <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, until the early 21st century, provided free education to foreign students but changes have been introduced to charge fees to foreign students from outside the <a href="/wiki/European_community" class="mw-redirect" title="European community">European community</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> also has universal free education, and provides a monthly stipend, the "Statens Uddannelsesstøtte" or "SU",<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> to students over 18 years of age or students who are under 18 and attending a <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Bachelor and master's degree programmes in Denmark are offered in either Danish or English depending on the programme or university.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Argentina" title="Education in Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Brazil" title="Education in Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cuba" title="Education in Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Education in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Greece" title="Education in Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hungary" title="Education in Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Lebanon" title="Education in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Education in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Turkey" title="Education in Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Uruguay" title="Education in Uruguay">Uruguay</a> provide free education at all levels, including college and university for citizens. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Countries">1 Countries</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#On_the_Internet">3 On the Internet</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Other_examples">4 Other examples</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References">6 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Notes">7 Notes</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Countries">Countries</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Countries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> State universities in the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Norway, Saudi Arabia and Sweden do not charge international students with tuition fees for Ph.D. degrees and in some cases for bachelor's and master's degrees as well.<a href="#cite_note-Czech-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable),.mw-parser-output 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.sticky-header-multi,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>caption{display:table-caption}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style> <table class="sortable wikitable sticky-header" style="background:#f8f9faff;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15%;">State </th> <th scope="col">Local language-taught bachelor's and master's degrees tuition fees (per year) for international students<a href="#cite_note-EEA1-12">[Note 1]</a> </th> <th scope="col">English-taught bachelor's and master's degrees tuition fees (per year) for international students<a href="#cite_note-EEA2-13">[Note 2]</a> </th> <th scope="col">Ph.D. degrees tuition fees for international students </th> <th style="width:20%;">Ph.D. degrees tuition fees for <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a> students </th></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Czech-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu_Czechia-14">[12]</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,700 to 10,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu_Czechia-14">[12]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10">[10]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">6,000 - 16,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">6,000 - 16,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">6,000 - 16,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study_in_Finland-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">5,000 - 20,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10">[10]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,800 - 3,800 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,800 - 3,800 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2,800 - 3,800 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10">[10]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 1,500 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Studying_in_Iceland-16">[14]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Studying_in_Iceland-16">[14]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Studying_in_Iceland-16">[14]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Studying_in_Iceland-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="21" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">15,000 - 30,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">15,000 - 30,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10">[10]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 2,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 2,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 2,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 12,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia_Bachelor-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia_Master-18">[16]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 12,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia_Bachelor-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Saudi_Arabia_Master-18">[16]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">All fees automatically covered by scholarships, including living costs, at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-SA1-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-SA2-20">[18]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">All fees automatically covered by scholarships, including living costs, at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-SA1-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-SA2-20">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 5,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 5,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ca. 5,000 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">8,300 - 20,800 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">8,300 - 20,800 EUR<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a></div> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Academia_Insider-10">[10]</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Free at state universities<a href="#cite_note-Study.eu-11">[11]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg/940px-States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="940" height="504" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1097"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 940px;height: 504px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg/940px-States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg.png" data-width="940" data-height="504" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg/1410px-States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg/1880px-States_funding_English-taught_bachelor%27s_and_master%27s_degrees_for_international_students_2024.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>States funding English-taught bachelor's and master's degrees for international students <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> Jurisdictions in which state universities do not charge international students with tuition fees for English-taught bachelor's and master's degrees</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg/940px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg.png" decoding="async" width="940" height="504" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1097"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 940px;height: 504px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg/940px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg.png" data-width="940" data-height="504" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg/1410px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg/1880px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_international_students.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>States funding Ph.D. programs for international students<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Jurisdictions in which state universities do not charge international students with tuition fees for Ph.D degrees</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg/940px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg.png" decoding="async" width="940" height="504" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1097"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 940px;height: 504px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg/940px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg.png" data-width="940" data-height="504" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg/1410px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg/1880px-States_funding_Ph.D._programs_for_EEA_students.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>States funding Ph.D. programs for EEA students<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Jurisdictions in which state universities do not charge <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a> students with tuition fees for Ph.D degrees</div></figcaption></figure> In Argentina, education is free since 1949 in every state university, not only for Argentine students, but also for international students willing to study in Argentina. Free education is financed by the Ministry of Education.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In Bangladesh, article 17 of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Constitution">Constitution of Bangladesh</a> provides that all children receive free and compulsory education.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> Primary and secondary education is financed by the state and free of charge in public schools. The government provides free textbooks to all primary and secondary-level students. In 2022, 347,016,277 free textbooks have been distributed among 41,726,856 students across the country.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> The government provides free school meals to 400,000 children in 2,000 schools across 8 Divisions.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, free education is offered by the Ministry of Education, which offers scholarships for graduate degrees, masters, doctoral and post-doctoral for Brazilians and immigrants with a Brazilian citizenship. The best universities and research centers are public institutions, financed by either the local state (state universities) or the federal government (federal universities). Graduate students can get paid if they qualify for the incentive, but competition usually are extremely fierce. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] There are examples of steps towards free education being taken across the world primarily in those nations developing rapidly, such as <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> The Free Compulsory Education Reform in China can be described as a program akin to a school subsidy initiative, wherein qualifying students receive financial assistance that encompasses tuition fees and other associated expenses.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> In <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> countries such as <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, tuition is usually free for European students, and in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, tuition is free for all European and international students.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, university tuition is free for all Scottish nationals and is discounted for all European students, except from students coming from other parts of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> the government announced in 2013 it would cover the costs of primary and secondary school education, equivalent to 250 Fiji dollars per year per student.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, most prestigious universities are called governmental universities which offer free education for students who pass a very competitive entrance exam with high scores. Graduates from these universities are obliged to serve the country for as many years as they studied for their degree, in order to get their diploma.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, the government provides free education to its citizens from pre-primary to tertiary levels. Since July 2005, the government also introduced free transport for all students.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, the Labour government will introduce three years of free post-school study or training. From January 1, 2018, new students will have one year free for entering study or training. From 2021, those starting tertiary education would get two years free, and from 2024 three years. The overall cost of the package is $6 billion. Labour has also pledged to increase student allowances by $50 a week, and to restore post-graduate students' eligibility for student allowances.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, public primary and secondary schools are free of tuition.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> The 1935 Constitution provided for <a href="/wiki/Universal_access_to_education" title="Universal access to education">universal primary education</a>. Primary education was made free under the 1973 Constitution, while the 1987 Constitution extended free education to the secondary level.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> Free public tertiary education has been <a href="/wiki/Universal_Access_to_Quality_Tertiary_Education_Act" title="Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act">enacted in 2017</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, prior to the break-up of the Soviet Union, tuition was free for everyone obtaining sufficient grades. Since 1991, students obtaining sufficient grades, are still eligible for a free education (on a competitive basis) in state or private universities, but the student can also pay for studying if grades are above minimal threshold, but not enough to be enrolled into the desired university for free.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, free education is provided by the government at different levels. Government funded schools such as <a href="/wiki/National_school_(Sri_Lanka)" title="National school (Sri Lanka)">national schools</a>, provincial schools and <a href="/wiki/Pirivena" title="Pirivena">Piriven</a> provided primary and secondary education free, while assisted schools and semi-governmental schools provided the same at subsidized rates. At the university level, the universities provide undergraduate courses free, however, this totals only about 10% for those qualified for university entrance. Grants and scholarships are provided for a limited number of study allowances. <a href="/wiki/C._W._W._Kannangara" title="C. W. W. Kannangara">Dr. C. W. W. Kannangara</a> who was the Minister of Education made education free for all Sri Lankan students in 1940 s. Kannangara's significant achievements in areas of education have led him to being commonly referred to as the Father of Free Education in Sri Lanka.<a href="#cite_note-Wijenayaka-34">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> offers free tertiary education to its citizens up to the undergraduate level at accredited public and select private institutions. Postgraduate degrees are paid up to 50% by the government at accredited institutions. This benefit is given to the citizens under a programme called Government Assisted Tuition Expenses Programme and it is managed by the Funding and Grants Administration Division of the Ministry of Tertiary Education and Skills Training<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Student_financial_aid_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Student financial aid (United States)">a variety of financial aid programs</a> provide grants and <a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">student loans</a>, mostly to low-income students, for any accredited college or university. Various proposals at the state and federal level have been made to make either <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community colleges</a> or all colleges and universities free for students at all income levels.<a href="#cite_note-washpo-36">[34]</a> In March 2022, the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> waived tuition for in-state students at all income levels and at all public state and tribal colleges and universities, if registered for six credit-hours and earning a minimum 2.5 GPA.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> adopted free, compulsory, and secular education in 1876, after a reform led by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pedro_Varela" title="José Pedro Varela">José Pedro Varela</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Latorre" title="Lorenzo Latorre">Lorenzo Latorre</a> dictatorship. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Republic_(Uruguay)" title="University of the Republic (Uruguay)">University of the Republic</a> follows the same principles, although graduates must pay a yearly contribution.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, a fee free education was introduced for all the government schools in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> Government would pay the fees, however parents were required to pay for the school uniform and other materials.<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, free education implementation is a relatively recent phenomenon. Prior to the turn of the century, education was often too expensive for many families, leading to a high rate of illiteracy and educational inequity. The 1990s saw the beginning of reforms with several NGOs and international bodies lobbying and offering support for free and inclusive education.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> In the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a> a tradition of free <a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">madrasa</a>-based education arose.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> Free education has long been identified with "sponsored education"; for example, during the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, rich dignitaries commonly sponsored the education of young men as patrons.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> Thomas Jefferson proposed "establishing free schools to teach reading, writing, and arithmetic, and from these schools those of intellectual ability, regardless of background or economic status, would receive a college education paid for by the state."<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, Vladmir Lenin's government instituted a number of progressive measures which included access to <a href="/wiki/Universal_access_to_education" title="Universal access to education">universal education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> In Sri Lanka, <a href="/wiki/C._W._W._Kannangara" title="C. W. W. Kannangara">C. W. W. Kannangara</a> introduced universal free education from kindergarten up to undergraduate degree, becoming the first country to implement free education on national scale.<a href="#cite_note-Wijenayaka-34">[32]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Townsend_Harris" title="Townsend Harris">Townsend Harris</a> founded the first free public institution of higher education, the Free Academy of the City of New York (today the <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>), in 1847; it aimed to provide free education to the urban poor, immigrants and their children. Its graduates went on to receive 10 Nobel Prizes, more than any other public university.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> During the late 19th century, the United States government introduced <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory education</a> as free or universal education, which extended across the country by the 1920s.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It is the oldest of CUNY's 25 institutions of higher learning[5] and is considered its flagship.Other primacies at City College that helped shape the culture of American higher education include the first student government in the nation (Academic Senate, 1867);[9] the first national fraternity to accept members without regard to religion, race, color or creed (Delta Sigma Phi, 1899);[10] the first degree-granting evening program (School of Education, 1907).<a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_College_of_New_York</a> In 1944 U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> signed the Serviceman's Readjustment Act, also known as the <a href="/wiki/GI_Bill_of_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="GI Bill of Rights">GI Bill of Rights</a>, into law. The GI Bill allowed <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> veterans to attend universities at no cost to them.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> A report regarding free higher education was prepared by President Truman in 1947, however, no action was taken, according to what was written in the report. Therefore, it never became a reality. One possible reason could be the ongoing Cold War at that time, which made President Truman shift his focus from the report to the war-defense spending.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> Governments typically fund compulsory education through taxes. Aggravated <a href="/wiki/Truancy" title="Truancy">truancy</a> can be prosecuted. <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">private</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">parochial schooling</a> usually offer legal alternatives. With the start of many free internet-based learning institutions such as <a href="/wiki/EdX" title="EdX">edX</a> (founded in 2012) and <a href="/wiki/MITx" title="MITx">MITx</a> (announced in 2011), anyone in the world with Internet access can take free education-courses.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> In many[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">quantify</a>] countries, the policy for the <a href="/wiki/Merit_system" title="Merit system">merit system</a> has not yet caught up with these recent advances in education technology.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9313_Chilean_student_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–13 Chilean student protests">2011–13 Chilean student protests</a>, tuition-free college was a major campaign promise of Chilean president <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Bachelet" title="Michelle Bachelet">Michelle Bachelet</a> in 2013. After some years marshaling support and funding, the gratuidad law was passed in 2018, and as of 2019 covers tuition at participating schools for families in the bottom 60% of earnings nation-wide.<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="On_the_Internet">On the Internet</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: On the Internet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Online education has become an option in recent years, particularly with the development of free <a href="/wiki/MOOC" class="mw-redirect" title="MOOC">MOOCs</a> (massive open online courses) from providers such as <a href="/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a> (High School) and Higher Education, through providers such as <a href="/wiki/EdX" title="EdX">edX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coursera" title="Coursera">Coursera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Udacity" title="Udacity">Udacity</a>, <a href="/wiki/FutureLearn" title="FutureLearn">FutureLearn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alison_(company)" title="Alison (company)">Alison</a>. Free education has become available through several websites with some resembling the courses of study of accredited universities. Online education faces barriers such as institutional adoption, license or copyright restrictions, incompatibility and educator awareness of available resources.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> Due to the extensive requirements of resources for online education, many open community projects have been initiated. Specifically, the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> has developed a project devoted to <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">free online</a> educational resources, <a href="/wiki/Wikiversity" title="Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a>, and recently, several other sites for specific topics have developed.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Leaders_Institute" title="Christian Leaders Institute">Christian Leaders Institute</a> offers tuition free college level ministry education. Students can take any classes free of charge, but are encouraged to help support the mission of the institution by making donations to this <a href="/wiki/501(c)_organization" title="501(c) organization">501 (c)3</a> United States Charity.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Open_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Open University">Islamic Open University (IOU)</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Distance_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Distance learning">distance-learning</a> higher education institution, offers tuition-free graduate and undergraduate degrees. A very modest registration fee is charged per semester, which is based on the <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">human development index</a> and thus varies from country to country.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> The IOU is offering one million scholarships for African youths by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> Nidahas Vidyalaya has started an initiative named Freedom College towards providing tuition-free education in Sri Lanka.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Other_examples">Other examples</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other examples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Free education does not only take the form of publicly funded institutions like state universities.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In France, philosopher <a href="/wiki/Michel_Onfray" title="Michel Onfray">Michel Onfray</a> created the first non-governmental free education university since <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">antiquity</a>, in 2002, with his <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_populaire_de_Caen" title="Université populaire de Caen">Université populaire de Caen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>. His decision was triggered by the accession of far-right party <a href="/wiki/Front_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Front National">Front National</a> to the second round of the <a href="/wiki/French_presidential_election_(2002)" class="mw-redirect" title="French presidential election (2002)">2002 French presidential elections</a>. Onfray stated that people need more political, historical and philosophical background education to be more conscious citizens. His university is run by an <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association#France" title="Voluntary association">association loi 1901</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> In Iran, Nasra is a movement aiming to meet the learning needs of all children, youth and adults in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> This social movement focuses on <a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">digital media use and mental health</a> and increase the skills of using the media for the public.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_For_All" class="mw-redirect" title="Education For All">Education For All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_Index" title="Education Index">Education Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_of_opportunity" class="mw-redirect" title="Equality of opportunity">Equality of opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">Free content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_university" title="Free university">Free university</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Text" title="Global Text">Global Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre">Gratis versus libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_spending_on_education_as_percentage_of_GDP" title="List of countries by spending on education as percentage of GDP">List of countries by spending on education as percentage of GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT_OpenCourseWare" title="MIT OpenCourseWare">MIT OpenCourseWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Campaign_Against_Fees_and_Cuts" title="National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts">National Campaign Against Fees and Cuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCourseWare" title="OpenCourseWare">OpenCourseWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_education" title="Open education">Open education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">Open educational resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_source_curriculum" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source curriculum">Open source curriculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">Right to education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">Scholarship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_freeze" title="Tuition freeze">Tuition freeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_payments" title="Tuition payments">Tuition payments</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" 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Kannangara: Father of free education"</a>. The Daily News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/09/24/fea09.html">the original</a> on 22 January 2005. 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Africa Times. 9 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210321125025/https://africatimes.com/2016/02/09/free-education-in-tanzania/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africa+Times&rft.atitle=Free+education+in+Tanzania&rft.date=2016-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafricatimes.com%2F2016%2F02%2F09%2Ffree-education-in-tanzania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/free-education-now-to-include-form-five-and-six-3848316">"Free education now to include Form Five and Six"</a>. The Citizen. 14 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Citizen&rft.atitle=Free+education+now+to+include+Form+Five+and+Six&rft.date=2022-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecitizen.co.tz%2Ftanzania%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ffree-education-now-to-include-form-five-and-six-3848316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleck2015" class="citation book cs1">Bleck, Jaimie (2015). Education and empowered citizenship in Mali. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-1781-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-1781-3"><bdi>978-1-4214-1781-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Education+and+empowered+citizenship+in+Mali&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-1781-3&rft.aulast=Bleck&rft.aufirst=Jaimie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardakerSabki2019" class="citation book cs1">Hardaker, Glenn; Sabki, Aishah Ahmad (2019). 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Retrieved 26 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=What+The+U.S.+Can+Learn+From+Free+College+In+Chile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F11%2F25%2F776017867%2Fwhat-the-u-s-can-learn-from-free-college-in-chile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capetowndeclaration.org/read-the-declaration">"The Cape Town Open Education Declaration"</a>. Capetowndeclaration.org. 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Retrieved 10 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Media+Literacy+Movement+of+the+Islamic+Revolution+%28Nasra%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnedaesfahan.ir%2F124901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+education" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EEA1-12"><a href="#cite_ref-EEA1_12-0">^</a> Excluding <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a> students studying at state universities in Austria, Denmark, France, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden, as they aren't treated as international students by those state universities and do not have to pay tuition fees. </li> <li id="cite_note-EEA2-13"><a href="#cite_ref-EEA2_13-0">^</a> Excluding <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a> students studying at state universities in Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden, as they aren't treated as international students by those state universities and do not have to pay tuition fees. </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_education&oldid=1259325830">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_education&oldid=1259325830</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Free_education&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 24 November 2024, at 15:25 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="تعليم مجاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعليم مجاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schulgeldfreiheit" title="Schulgeldfreiheit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schulgeldfreiheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آموزش رایگان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آموزش رایگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratuit%C3%A9_scolaire" title="Gratuité scolaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gratuité scolaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%83%81%EA%B5%90%EC%9C%A1" title="무상교육 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무상교육" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edikasyon_gratis" title="Edikasyon gratis – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Edikasyon gratis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educatio_gratuita" title="Educatio gratuita – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Educatio gratuita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratis_onderwijs" title="Gratis onderwijs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gratis onderwijs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%84%9F%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="無償教育 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="無償教育" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bepul_ta%CA%BClim" title="Bepul taʼlim – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bepul taʼlim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsimi_falas" title="Arsimi falas – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arsimi falas" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besplatno_obrazovanje" title="Besplatno obrazovanje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Besplatno obrazovanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="கட்டணமில்லாக் கல்வி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கட்டணமில்லாக் கல்வி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Түләүсез белем алу – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Түләүсез белем алу" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Безплатна освіта – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Безплатна освіта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 November 2024, at 15:25 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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