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Nigeria.</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mine and Nigeria."> <meta name="keywords" content="mine and Nigeria."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mine and Nigeria."> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2606</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mine and Nigeria.</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2606</span> Rewashing for Gold: Optimizing Mine Plan for Effective Closure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20D.%20Eniowo">O. D. Eniowo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> “Rewashing” as it is commonly called, involves the process of scooping out and washing chunks of mud from a closed alluvial gold mine site with the purpose of extracting any leftover gold deposits in the site. It is usually carried out by illegal miners who infiltrate closed mine sites with the goal of scavenging for any leftover gold deposits. Expectedly, the practice gives little or no regard for environmental protection. This paper examines the process of “rewashing” in a mining community in Nigeria. It then discusses the looming danger it portends for health, safety, and the environment. The study draws lessons from these occurrences to examine and discuss fit-for-purpose mine closure plans that could be adopted by gold mines in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20planning" title="mine planning">mine planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20closure" title=" mine closure"> mine closure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illegal%20mining" title=" illegal mining"> illegal mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artisanal%20mining" title=" artisanal mining"> artisanal mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sustainability" title=" environmental sustainability"> environmental sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188429/rewashing-for-gold-optimizing-mine-plan-for-effective-closure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2605</span> PM10 Concentration Emitted from Blasting and Crushing Processes of Limestone Mines in Saraburi Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanokrat%20Makkwao">Kanokrat Makkwao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tassanee%20Prueksasit"> Tassanee Prueksasit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to investigate PM<sub>10 </sub>emitted from different limestone mines in Saraburi province, Thailand. The blasting and crushing were the main processes selected for PM<sub>10</sub> sampling. PM<sub>10 </sub>was collected in two mines including, a limestone mine for cement manufacturing (mine A) and a limestone mine for construction (mine B). The IMPACT samplers were used to collect PM<sub>10</sub>. At blasting, the points aligning with the upwind and downwind direction were assigned for the sampling. The ranges of PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations at mine A and B were 0.267-5.592 and 0.130-0.325 mg/m³, respectively, and the concentration at blasting from mine A was significantly higher than mine B (p < 0.05). During crushing at mine A, the PM<sub>10</sub> concentration with the range of 1.153-3.716 and 0.085-1.724 mg/m³ at crusher and piles in respectively were observed whereas the PM<sub>10</sub> concentration measured at four sampling points in mine B, including secondary crusher, tertiary crusher, screening point, and piles, were ranged 1.032-16.529, 10.957-74.057, 0.655-4.956, and 0.169-1.699 mg/m³, respectively. The emission of PM<sub>10</sub> concentration at the crushing units was different in the ranges depending on types of machine, its operation, dust collection and control system, and environmental conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM%E2%82%81%E2%82%80%20concentration" title="PM₁₀ concentration">PM₁₀ concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limestone%20mines" title=" limestone mines"> limestone mines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blasting" title=" blasting"> blasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crushing" title=" crushing"> crushing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133194/pm10-concentration-emitted-from-blasting-and-crushing-processes-of-limestone-mines-in-saraburi-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2604</span> Coal Mining Safety Monitoring Using Wsn</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somdatta%20Saha">Somdatta Saha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose was to provide an implementable design scenario for underground coal mines using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The main reason being that given the intricacies in the physical structure of a coal mine, only low power WSN nodes can produce accurate surveillance and accident detection data. The work mainly concentrated on designing and simulating various alternate scenarios for a typical mine and comparing them based on the obtained results to arrive at a final design. In the Era of embedded technology, the Zigbee protocols are used in more and more applications. Because of the rapid development of sensors, microcontrollers, and network technology, a reliable technological condition has been provided for our automatic real-time monitoring of coal mine. The underground system collects temperature, humidity and methane values of coal mine through sensor nodes in the mine; it also collects the number of personnel inside the mine with the help of an IR sensor, and then transmits the data to information processing terminal based on ARM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARM" title="ARM">ARM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20board" title=" embedded board"> embedded board</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network%20%28Zigbee%29" title=" wireless sensor network (Zigbee)"> wireless sensor network (Zigbee)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23028/coal-mining-safety-monitoring-using-wsn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2603</span> Strategic Mine Planning: A SWOT Analysis Applied to KOV Open Pit Mine in the Democratic Republic of Congo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20May%20Mukonki">Patrick May Mukonki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> KOV pit (Kamoto Oliveira Virgule) is located 10 km from Kolwezi town, one of the mineral rich town in the Lualaba province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The KOV pit is currently operating under the Katanga Mining Limited (KML), a Glencore-Gecamines (a State Owned Company) join venture. Recently, the mine optimization process provided a life of mine of approximately 10 years withnice pushbacks using the Datamine NPV Scheduler software. In previous KOV pit studies, we recently outlined the impact of the accuracy of the geological information on a long-term mine plan for a big copper mine such as KOV pit. The approach taken, discussed three main scenarios and outlined some weaknesses on the geological information side, and now, in this paper that we are going to develop here, we are going to highlight, as an overview, those weaknesses, strengths and opportunities, in a global SWOT analysis. The approach we are taking here is essentially descriptive in terms of steps taken to optimize KOV pit and, at every step, we categorized the challenges we faced to have a better tradeoff between what we called strengths and what we called weaknesses. The same logic is applied in terms of the opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis conducted in this paper demonstrates that, despite a general poor ore body definition, and very rude ground water conditions, there is room for improvement for such high grade ore body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20planning" title="mine planning">mine planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20optimization" title=" mine optimization"> mine optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20scheduling" title=" mine scheduling"> mine scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWOT%20analysis" title=" SWOT analysis"> SWOT analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72126/strategic-mine-planning-a-swot-analysis-applied-to-kov-open-pit-mine-in-the-democratic-republic-of-congo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2602</span> Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Lead-Zinc Deposits in Oshiri and Ishiagu Areas, South Eastern Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Ogubuchi%20Ede">Christian Ogubuchi Ede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Oghenenyoreme%20Eyankware"> Moses Oghenenyoreme Eyankware</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study assessed the concentration of heavy metals (HMs) in soil, rock, mine dump pile, and water from Oshiri and Ishiagu areas of Ebonyi State. Investigations on mobile fraction equally evaluated the geochemical condition of different HM using UV spectrophotometer for Mineralized and unmineralized rocks, dumps, and soil, while AAS was used in determining the geochemical nature of the water system. Analysis revealed very high pollution of Cd mostly in Ishiagu (Ihetutu and Amaonye) active mine zones and with subordinates enrichments of Pb, Cu, As, and Zn in Amagu and Umungbala. Oshiri recorded sparingly moderate to high contamination of Cd and Mn but out rightly high anthropogenic input. Observation showed that most of the contamination conditions were unbearable while at the control but decrease with increasing distance from the mine vicinity. The potential heavy metal risk of the environments was evaluated using the risk factors such as enrichment factor, index of Geoacumulation, Contamination Factor, and Effect Range Median. Cadmium and Zn showed moderate to extreme contamination using Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) while Pb, Cd, and As indicated moderate to strong pollution using the Effect Range Median. Results, when compared with the allowable limits and standards, showed the concentration of the metals in the following order Cd>Zn>Pb>As>Cu>Ni (rocks), Cd>As>Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni (soil) while Cd>Zn>As>Pb> Cu (for mine dump pile. High concentrations of Zn and As were recorded more in mine pond and salt line/drain channels along active mine zones, it heightened its threat during the rainy period as it settles into river course, living behind full-scale contaminations to inhabitants depending on it for domestic uses. Pb and Cu with moderate pollution were recorded in surface/stream water source as its mobility were relatively low. Results from Ishiagu Crush rock sites and Fedeco metallurgical and auto workshop where groundwater contamination was seen infiltrating some of the wells points gave rise to values that were 4 times high than the allowable limits. Some of these metal concentrations according to WHO (2015) if left unmitigated pose adverse effects to the soil and human community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title="water">water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-accumulation" title=" geo-accumulation"> geo-accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20and%20Nigeria." title=" mine and Nigeria."> mine and Nigeria.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140255/hydrogeochemical-investigation-of-lead-zinc-deposits-in-oshiri-and-ishiagu-areas-south-eastern-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2601</span> Research and Application of the Three-Dimensional Visualization Geological Modeling of Mine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Wang">Bin Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Xu"> Yong Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Honggang%20Qu"> Honggang Qu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rongmei%20Liu"> Rongmei Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenji%20Gao"> Zhenji Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today's mining industry is advancing gradually toward digital and visual direction. The three dimensional visualization geological modeling of mine is the digital characterization of mineral deposit, and is one of the key technology of digital mine. The three-dimensional geological modeling is a technology that combines the geological spatial information management, geological interpretation, geological spatial analysis and prediction, geostatistical analysis, entity content analysis and graphic visualization in three-dimensional environment with computer technology, and is used in geological analysis. In this paper, the three-dimensional geological modeling of an iron mine through the use of Surpac is constructed, and the weight difference of the estimation methods between distance power inverse ratio method and ordinary kriging is studied, and the ore body volume and reserves are simulated and calculated by using these two methods. Compared with the actual mine reserves, its result is relatively accurate, so it provided scientific bases for mine resource assessment, reserve calculation, mining design and so on. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20geological%20modeling" title="three-dimensional geological modeling">three-dimensional geological modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20database" title=" geological database"> geological database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geostatistics" title=" geostatistics"> geostatistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20model" title=" block model"> block model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167346/research-and-application-of-the-three-dimensional-visualization-geological-modeling-of-mine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2600</span> Model Studies on Use of Coal Mine Waste and Modified Clay Soil as Fill Material for Embankments and Foundations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Suresh">K. Suresh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Padmavathi"> M. Padmavathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Darga%20Kumar"> N. Darga Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to investigate the significance of coal mine waste and improved clay soil when used as a fill and for the construction of embankment. To determine the bearing capacities of coal mine waste and improved clay soil, tests are conducted apart from laboratory experiments. PLAXIS 2D software is used to make the analysis simpler. Depending upon the bearing capacities obtained for different cases, a conclusion can be drawn. Load carrying capacities are determined for coal mine waste, clay and by altering their height ratio when clay (H2) is at the bottom, and coal mine waste (H1) is on the top with three different cases (H = 0.25H1 + 0.75H2, 0.5H1 + 0.5H2, 0.75H1 + 0.25H2) in addition to this bearing capacity of improved clay soil (by replacing clay with 10% CMW, 30% CMW and 50% CMW in addition polycom) is also determined. The safe height of the embankment that can be constructed with the improved clay for different slopes, i.e., for 1:1, 1.5: 1, 2: 1 is also determined by using PLAXIS 2D software by limiting the factor of safety to 1.5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion" title="cohesion">cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angle%20of%20shearing%20resistance" title=" angle of shearing resistance"> angle of shearing resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus" title=" elastic modulus"> elastic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient%20of%20consolidation" title=" coefficient of consolidation"> coefficient of consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20mine%20waste" title=" coal mine waste"> coal mine waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192602/model-studies-on-use-of-coal-mine-waste-and-modified-clay-soil-as-fill-material-for-embankments-and-foundations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2599</span> Application of Remote Sensing Technique on the Monitoring of Mine Eco-Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haidong%20Li">Haidong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weishou%20Shen"> Weishou Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoping%20Lv"> Guoping Lv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Wang"> Tao Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aiming to overcome the limitation of the application of traditional remote sensing (RS) technique in the mine eco-environmental monitoring, in this paper, we first classified the eco-environmental damages caused by mining activities and then introduced the principle, classification and characteristics of the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technique. The potentiality of LiDAR technique in the mine eco-environmental monitoring was analyzed, particularly in extracting vertical structure parameters of vegetation, through comparing the feasibility and applicability of traditional RS method and LiDAR technique in monitoring different types of indicators. The application situation of LiDAR technique in extracting typical mine indicators, such as land destruction in mining areas, damage of ecological integrity and natural soil erosion. The result showed that the LiDAR technique has the ability to monitor most of the mine eco-environmental indicators, and exhibited higher accuracy comparing with traditional RS technique, specifically speaking, the applicability of LiDAR technique on each indicator depends on the accuracy requirement of mine eco-environmental monitoring. In the item of large mine, LiDAR three-dimensional point cloud data not only could be used as the complementary data source of optical RS, Airborne/Satellite LiDAR could also fulfill the demand of extracting vertical structure parameters of vegetation in large areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LiDAR" title="LiDAR">LiDAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine" title=" mine"> mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20damage" title=" ecological damage"> ecological damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20remote%20sensing%20technique" title=" traditional remote sensing technique"> traditional remote sensing technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65821/application-of-remote-sensing-technique-on-the-monitoring-of-mine-eco-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2598</span> On Enabling Miner Self-Rescue with In-Mine Robots using Real-Time Object Detection with Thermal Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyrus%20Addy">Cyrus Addy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Sriram%20Siddhardh%20Nadendla"> Venkata Sriram Siddhardh Nadendla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwame%20Awuah-Offei"> Kwame Awuah-Offei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface robots in modern underground mine rescue operations suffer from several limitations in enabling a prompt self-rescue. Therefore, the possibility of designing and deploying in-mine robots to expedite miner self-rescue can have a transformative impact on miner safety. These in-mine robots for miner self-rescue can be envisioned to carry out diverse tasks such as object detection, autonomous navigation, and payload delivery. Specifically, this paper investigates the challenges in the design of object detection algorithms for in-mine robots using thermal images, especially to detect people in real-time. A total of 125 thermal images were collected in the Missouri S&T Experimental Mine with the help of student volunteers using the FLIR TG 297 infrared camera, which were pre-processed into training and validation datasets with 100 and 25 images, respectively. Three state-of-the-art, pre-trained real-time object detection models, namely YOLOv5, YOLO-FIRI, and YOLOv8, were considered and re-trained using transfer learning techniques on the training dataset. On the validation dataset, the re-trained YOLOv8 outperforms the re-trained versions of both YOLOv5, and YOLO-FIRI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miner%20self-rescue" title="miner self-rescue">miner self-rescue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20detection" title=" object detection"> object detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20mine" title=" underground mine"> underground mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YOLO" title=" YOLO"> YOLO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174124/on-enabling-miner-self-rescue-with-in-mine-robots-using-real-time-object-detection-with-thermal-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2597</span> Acid Mine Drainage Remediation Using Silane and Phosphate Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chiliza">M. Chiliza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Mbukwane"> H. P. Mbukwane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%20Masita"> P Masita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Rutto"> H. Rutto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acid mine drainage (AMD) one of the main pollutants of water in many countries that have mining activities. AMD results from the oxidation of pyrite and other metal sulfides. When these metals gets exposed to moisture and oxygen, leaching takes place releasing sulphate and Iron. Acid drainage is often noted by 'yellow boy,' an orange-yellow substance that occurs when the pH of acidic mine-influenced water raises above pH 3, so that the previously dissolved iron precipitates out. The possibility of using environmentally friendly silane and phosphate based coatings on pyrite to remediate acid mine drainage and prevention at source was investigated. The results showed that both coatings reduced chemical oxidation of pyrite based on Fe and sulphate release. Furthermore, it was found that silane based coating performs better when coating synthesis take place in a basic hydrolysis than in an acidic state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20mine%20drainage" title="acid mine drainage">acid mine drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrite" title=" pyrite"> pyrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silane" title=" silane"> silane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phosphate" title=" phosphate"> phosphate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59866/acid-mine-drainage-remediation-using-silane-and-phosphate-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2596</span> The Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution Degree in the Soils Around the Zangezur Copper and Molybdenum Combine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Ghazaryan">K. A. Ghazaryan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Gevorgyan"> G. A. Gevorgyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20S.%20Movsesyan"> H. S. Movsesyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20P.%20Ghazaryan"> N. P. Ghazaryan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20V.%20Grigoryan"> K. V. Grigoryan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heavy metal pollution degree in the soils around the Zangezur copper and molybdenum combine in Syunik Marz, Armenia was aessessed. The results of the study showed that heavy metal pollution degree in the soils mainly decreased with increasing distance from the open mine and the ore enrichment combine which indicated that the open mine and the ore enrichment combine were the main sources of heavy metal pollution. The only exception was observed in the northern part of the open mine where pollution degree in the sites (along the open mine) situated 600 meters far from the mine was higher than that in the sites located 300 meters far from the mine. This can be explained by the characteristics of relief and air currents as well as the weak vegetation cover of these sites and the characteristics of soil structure. According to geo-accumulation index (I-geo), contamination factor (Cf), contamination degree (Cd) and pollution load index (PLI) values, the pollution degree in the soils around the open mine and the ore enrichment combine was higher than that in the soils around the tailing dumps which was due to the proper and accurate operation of the Artsvanik tailing damp and the recultivation of the Voghji tailing dump. The high Cu and Mo pollution of the soils was conditioned by the character of industrial activities, the moving direction of air currents as well as the physicochemical peculiarities of the soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zangezur%20copper%20and%20molybdenum%20combine" title=" Zangezur copper and molybdenum combine"> Zangezur copper and molybdenum combine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal%20pollution%20degree" title=" heavy metal pollution degree"> heavy metal pollution degree</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25256/the-evaluation-of-heavy-metal-pollution-degree-in-the-soils-around-the-zangezur-copper-and-molybdenum-combine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2595</span> Research of the Three-Dimensional Visualization Geological Modeling of Mine Based on Surpac</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Honggang%20Qu">Honggang Qu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Xu"> Yong Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rongmei%20Liu"> Rongmei Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenji%20Gao"> Zhenji Gao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Wang"> Bin Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today's mining industry is advancing gradually toward digital and visual direction. The three-dimensional visualization geological modeling of mine is the digital characterization of mineral deposits and is one of the key technology of digital mining. Three-dimensional geological modeling is a technology that combines geological spatial information management, geological interpretation, geological spatial analysis and prediction, geostatistical analysis, entity content analysis and graphic visualization in a three-dimensional environment with computer technology and is used in geological analysis. In this paper, the three-dimensional geological modeling of an iron mine through the use of Surpac is constructed, and the weight difference of the estimation methods between the distance power inverse ratio method and ordinary kriging is studied, and the ore body volume and reserves are simulated and calculated by using these two methods. Compared with the actual mine reserves, its result is relatively accurate, so it provides scientific bases for mine resource assessment, reserve calculation, mining design and so on. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensional%20geological%20modeling" title="three-dimensional geological modeling">three-dimensional geological modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20database" title=" geological database"> geological database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geostatistics" title=" geostatistics"> geostatistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20model" title=" block model"> block model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167349/research-of-the-three-dimensional-visualization-geological-modeling-of-mine-based-on-surpac" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2594</span> Characterization and Geochemical Modeling of Cu and Zn Sorption Using Mixed Mineral Systems Injected with Iron Sulfide under Sulfidic-Anoxic Conditions I: Case Study of Cwmheidol Mine Waste Water, Wales, United Kingdom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20E.%20Egirani">D. E. Egirani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20E.%20Andrews"> J. E. Andrews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Baker"> A. R. Baker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates sorption of Cu and Zn contained in natural mine wastewater, using mixed mineral systems in sulfidic-anoxic condition. The mine wastewater was obtained from disused mine workings at Cwmheidol in Wales, United Kingdom. These contaminants flow into water courses. These water courses include River Rheidol. In this River fishing activities exist. In an attempt to reduce Cu-Zn levels of fish intake in the watercourses, single mineral systems and 1:1 mixed mineral systems of clay and goethite were tested with the mine waste water for copper and zinc removal at variable pH. Modelling of hydroxyl complexes was carried out using phreeqc method. Reactions using batch mode technique was conducted at room temperature. There was significant differences in the behaviour of copper and zinc removal using mixed mineral systems when compared  to single mineral systems. All mixed mineral systems sorb more Cu than Zn when tested with mine wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cu-%20Zn" title="Cu- Zn">Cu- Zn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyl%20complexes" title=" hydroxyl complexes"> hydroxyl complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20mineral%20systems" title=" mixed mineral systems"> mixed mineral systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactivity" title=" reactivity"> reactivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16289/characterization-and-geochemical-modeling-of-cu-and-zn-sorption-using-mixed-mineral-systems-injected-with-iron-sulfide-under-sulfidic-anoxic-conditions-i-case-study-of-cwmheidol-mine-waste-water-wales-united-kingdom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2593</span> Determination of the Optimum Size of Building Stone Blocks: Case Study of Delichai Travertine Mine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesam%20Sedaghat%20Nejad">Hesam Sedaghat Nejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navid%20Hosseini"> Navid Hosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Nikvar%20Hassani"> Arash Nikvar Hassani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determination of the optimum block size with high profitability is one of the significant parameters in designation of the building stone mines. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum dimensions of building stone blocks in Delichai travertine mine of Damavand in Tehran province through combining the effective parameters proven in determination of the optimum dimensions in building stones such as the spacing of joints and gaps, extraction tools constraints with the help of modeling by Gemcom software. To this end, following simulation of the topography of the mine, the block model was prepared and then in order to use spacing joints and discontinuities as a limiting factor, the existing joints set was added to the model. Since only one almost horizontal joint set with a slope of 5 degrees was available, this factor was effective only in determining the optimum height of the block, and thus to determine the longitudinal and transverse optimum dimensions of the extracted block, the power of available loader in the mine was considered as the secondary limiting factor. According to the aforementioned factors, the optimal block size in this mine was measured as 3.4×4×7 meter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20stone" title="building stone">building stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20block%20size" title=" optimum block size"> optimum block size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delichay%20travertine%20mine" title=" Delichay travertine mine"> Delichay travertine mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loader%20power" title=" loader power"> loader power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49660/determination-of-the-optimum-size-of-building-stone-blocks-case-study-of-delichai-travertine-mine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2592</span> Adsorptive Performance of Surface Modified Montmorillonite in Vanadium Removal from Real Mine Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opeyemi%20Atiba-Oyewo">Opeyemi Atiba-Oyewo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taile%20Y.%20Leswfi"> Taile Y. Leswfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maurice%20S.%20Onyango"> Maurice S. Onyango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Wolkersdorfer"> Christian Wolkersdorfer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the preparation of surface modified montmorillonite using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) for the removal of vanadium from mine water. The adsorbent before and after adsorption was characterised by Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the amount of vanadium adsorbed was determined by ICP-OES. The batch adsorption method was employed using vanadium concentrations in solution ranging from 50 to 320 mg/L and vanadium tailings seepage water from a South African mine. Also, solution pH, temperature and sorbent mass were varied. Results show that the adsorption capacity was affected by solution pH, temperature, sorbent mass and the initial concentration. Electrical conductivity of the mine water before and after adsorption was measured to estimate the total dissolved solids in the mine water. Equilibrium isotherm results revealed that vanadium sorption follows the Freundlich isotherm, indicating that the surface of the sorbent was heterogeneous. The pseudo-second order kinetic model gave the best fit to the kinetic experimental data compared to the first order and Elovich models. The results of this study may be used to predict the uptake efficiency of South Africa montmorillonite in view of its application for the removal of vanadium from mine water. However, the choice of this adsorbent for the uptake of vanadium or other contaminants will depend on the composition of the effluent to be treated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vanadium" title=" vanadium"> vanadium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20montmorillonite" title=" modified montmorillonite"> modified montmorillonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20water" title=" mine water"> mine water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38212/adsorptive-performance-of-surface-modified-montmorillonite-in-vanadium-removal-from-real-mine-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2591</span> Multilingualism and the Question of National Language in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salome%20Labeh">Salome Labeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diverse Languages that exist in Nigeria, gave rise to the need to choose among these languages, which one or ones to be used as the National Language(s) in Nigeria. The Multilingual Nature of Nigeria has been examined, in relation to the provisional result of 1991 census conducted in Nigeria and the status of language policy in the country, which eventually led to the discovery of the fact that Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba languages have the highest speaker in terms of population, and are already made co-official languages in Nigeria, alongside with English language. Then, these languages should be considered as the National Languages, if eventually a language policy emerges in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingual" title="multilingual">multilingual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=languages" title=" languages"> languages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21305/multilingualism-and-the-question-of-national-language-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2590</span> Water Management of Erdenet Mining Company</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20H.%20Oyuntungalag">K. H. Oyuntungalag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scott%20Kenner"> Scott Kenner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Erdenetuya"> O. Erdenetuya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The life cycle phases of mining projects are described in this guidance document, and includes initial phases (exploration, feasibility and planning), mine development (construction and operations), closure and reclamation. Initial phases relate to field programs and desktop studies intended to build the data and knowledge base, including the design of water management infrastructure and development during these initial phases. Such a model is essential to demonstrate that the water management plan (WMP) will provide adequate water for the mine operations and sufficient capacity for anticipated flows and volumes, and minimize environmental impacts on the receiving environment. The water and mass balance model must cover the whole mine life cycle, from the start of mine development to a date sufficiently far in the future where the reclaimed landscape is considered self- sustaining following complete closure of the mine (i.e., post- closure). The model simulates the movement of water within the components of the water management infrastructure and project operating areas, and calculates chemical loadings to each mine component. At Erdenet Mining company an initial water balance model reflecting the tailings dam, groundwater seepage and mine process water was developed in collaboration with Dr. Scott Kenner (visiting Fulbright scholar). From this preliminary study the following recommendations were made: 1. Develop a detailed groundwater model to simulate seepage from the tailings dam, 2. Establish an evaporation pan for improving evapotranspiration estimates, and 3. Measure changes in storage of water within the tailings dam and other water storage components within the mine processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evapotranspiration" title="evapotranspiration ">evapotranspiration </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20program" title=" monitoring program"> monitoring program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdenet%20mining" title=" Erdenet mining"> Erdenet mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings%20dam" title=" tailings dam"> tailings dam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20522/water-management-of-erdenet-mining-company" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2589</span> Analysis of Slope in an Excavated Gneiss Rock Using Geological Strength Index (GSI) in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Agbalajobi">S. A. Agbalajobi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20A.%20Bello"> W. A. Bello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study carried out analysis on slope stability in an excavated gneiss rock using geological strength index (GSI) in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. A kinematic analysis of planar discontinuity sets in a gneiss deposit was carried out to ascertain the degree of slope stability. Discontinuity orientations in the rock mass were mapped using compass clinometers. The average result of physical and mechanical properties such as specific gravity, unit weight, uniaxial compressive strength, point load index, and Schmidt rebound value are 2.64 g/m3, 25.95 kN/m3, 156 MPa, 6.5 MPa, and 53.12 respectively. Also, a statistical model equation relating the rock strength was developed. The analyses states that the rock face is susceptible to wedge failures having all the geometrical conditions associated with the occurrence of such failures were noticeable. It can be concluded that analyses of discontinuity orientation in relation to cut face direction in rock excavation is essential for mine planning to forestall mine accidents. Assessment of excavated slope methods was evident that one excavation method (blasting and/or use of hydraulic hammer) is applicable for the given rock strength, the ease of excavation decreases as the rock mass quality increases, thus blasting most suitable for such operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title="slope stability">slope stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wedge%20failure" title=" wedge failure"> wedge failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20strength%20index%20%28GSI%29" title=" geological strength index (GSI)"> geological strength index (GSI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discontinuities%20and%20excavated%20slope" title=" discontinuities and excavated slope"> discontinuities and excavated slope</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15096/analysis-of-slope-in-an-excavated-gneiss-rock-using-geological-strength-index-gsi-in-ilorin-kwara-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2588</span> Mine Production Index (MPi): New Method to Evaluate Effectiveness of Mining Machinery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amol%20Lanke">Amol Lanke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Hoseinie"> Hadi Hoseinie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Ghodrati"> Behzad Ghodrati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> OEE has been used in many industries as measure of performance. However due to limitations of original OEE, it has been modified by various researchers. OEE for mining application is special version of classic equation, carries these limitation over. In this paper it has been aimed to modify the OEE for mining application by introducing the weights to the elements of it and termed as Mine Production index (MPi). As a special application of new index MPi shovel has been developed by team of experts and researchers for evaluating the shovel effectiveness. Based on analysis, utilization followed by performance and availability were ranked in this order. To check the applicability of this index, a case study was done on four electrical and one hydraulic shovel in a Swedish mine. The results shows that MPishovelcan properly evaluate production effectiveness of shovels and determine effectiveness values in optimistic view compared to OEE. MPi with calculation not only give the effectiveness but also can predict which elements should be focused for improving the productivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title="mining">mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overall%20equipment%20efficiency%20%28OEE%29" title=" overall equipment efficiency (OEE)"> overall equipment efficiency (OEE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20production%20index" title=" mine production index"> mine production index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shovels" title=" shovels"> shovels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13163/mine-production-index-mpi-new-method-to-evaluate-effectiveness-of-mining-machinery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2587</span> A Case Study: Remediation of Abandoned Mines for Residential Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issa%20S.%20Oweis">Issa S. Oweis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Gartenberg"> Gary Gartenberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luma%20J.%20Oweis"> Luma J. Oweis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The site for a residential apartment building overlies an abandoned iron mine in granitic gneiss in northern New Jersey. The mine stope is about 137 m (450 long) and dipping over 344m (800 feet) at 450 to 500. As the building footprint straddles, the mine site needed remediation. The remediation scheme consisted of compaction grouting a minimum 10 m (30 ft.) depth of the mine stope in rock to establish a buttress for the hanging wall and allow support of the building foundation. The rock strength parameters (friction and cohesion) were established based on Hoek Geologic Strength Index (GSI). The derived strength parameters were used in the wedge analysis to simulate rock cave-in. It was concluded that a cave-in would be unlikely. Verification holes confirmed the effectiveness of grouting. Although post grouting micro gravity survey depicted a few anomalies, no anomalies were found to exist by further drilling and excavation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grout" title="grout">grout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stope" title=" stope"> stope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock" title=" rock"> rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title=" properties"> properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57720/a-case-study-remediation-of-abandoned-mines-for-residential-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2586</span> Assessment for the Backfill Using the Run of the Mine Tailings and Portland Cement </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Someehneshin">Javad Someehneshin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weizhou%20Quan"> Weizhou Quan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelsalam%20Abugharara"> Abdelsalam Abugharara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Butt"> Stephen Butt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Narrow vein mining (NVM) is exploiting very thin but valuable ore bodies that are uneconomical to extract by conventional mining methods. NVM applies the technique of Sustainable Mining by Drilling (SMD). The SMD method is used to mine stranded, steeply dipping ore veins, which are too small or isolated to mine economically using conventional methods since the dilution is minimized. This novel mining technique uses drilling rigs to extract the ore through directional drilling surgically. This paper is focusing on utilizing the run of the mine tailings and Portland cement as backfill material to support the hanging wall for providing safe mine operation. Cemented paste backfill (CPB) is designed by mixing waste tailings, water, and cement of the precise percentage for optimal outcomes. It is a non-homogenous material that contains 70-85% solids. Usually, a hydraulic binder is added to the mixture to increase the strength of the CPB. The binder fraction mostly accounts for 2–10% of the total weight. In the mining industry, CPB has been improved and expanded gradually because it provides safety and support for the mines. Furthermore, CPB helps manage the waste tailings in an economical method and plays a significant role in environmental protection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backfilling" title="backfilling">backfilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20backfill" title=" cement backfill"> cement backfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tailings" title=" tailings"> tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Portland%20cement" title=" Portland cement"> Portland cement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125089/assessment-for-the-backfill-using-the-run-of-the-mine-tailings-and-portland-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125089.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2585</span> Cooperative Robot Application in a Never Explored or an Abandoned Sub-Surface Mine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20K.%20O.%20Ayomoh">Michael K. O. Ayomoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyindamola%20A.%20Omotuyi"> Oyindamola A. Omotuyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autonomous mobile robots deployed to explore or operate in a never explored or an abandoned sub-surface mine requires extreme effectiveness in coordination and communication. In a bid to transmit information from the depth of the mine to the external surface in real-time and amidst diverse physical, chemical and virtual impediments, the concept of unified cooperative robots is seen to be a proficient approach. This paper presents an effective [human → robot → task] coordination framework for effective exploration of an abandoned underground mine. The problem addressed in this research is basically the development of a globalized optimization model premised on time series differentiation and geometrical configurations for effective positioning of the two classes of robots in the cooperation namely the outermost stationary master (OSM) robots and the innermost dynamic task (IDT) robots for effective bi-directional signal transmission. In addition, the synchronization of a vision system and wireless communication system for both categories of robots, fiber optics system for the OSM robots in cases of highly sloppy or vertical mine channels and an autonomous battery recharging capability for the IDT robots further enhanced the proposed concept. The OSM robots are the master robots which are positioned at strategic locations starting from the mine open surface down to its base using a fiber-optic cable or a wireless communication medium all subject to the identified mine geometrical configuration. The OSM robots are usually stationary and function by coordinating the transmission of signals from the IDT robots at the base of the mine to the surface and in a reverse order based on human decisions at the surface control station. The proposed scheme also presents an optimized number of robots required to form the cooperation in a bid to reduce overall operational cost and system complexity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20mine" title="sub-surface mine">sub-surface mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20communication" title=" wireless communication"> wireless communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outermost%20stationary%20master%20robots" title=" outermost stationary master robots"> outermost stationary master robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inner-most%20dynamic%20robots" title=" inner-most dynamic robots"> inner-most dynamic robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20optic" title=" fiber optic"> fiber optic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82955/cooperative-robot-application-in-a-never-explored-or-an-abandoned-sub-surface-mine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2584</span> Analysis of Changes Being Done of the Mine Legislation of Turkey: Mining Operation Activity Process </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ta%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n%20Deniz%20Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z">Taşkın Deniz Yıldız</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Topalo%C4%9Flu"> Mustafa Topaloğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orhan%20Kural"> Orhan Kural</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The right to operate a fairly long periods of prior periods and after the 3213 Mining Law has been observed to be shortened in Turkey. Permit the realization of business activities (or concession) requested the purchase of the mine operated "found mine" position, as well as the financial and technical capability to have the owner of the right to operate the mines as well as the principle of equality is important in terms of assessing the best way be. In particular, in this context, license fields "negligence" (downsizing) have noted that the current arrangement for all periods. However, in the period after 3213 Mining Act and a permit to operate more effectively within the framework of implementation of negligence is laid down. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining%20legislation" title="mining legislation">mining legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation" title=" operation"> operation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permit" title=" permit"> permit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59466/analysis-of-changes-being-done-of-the-mine-legislation-of-turkey-mining-operation-activity-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2583</span> Hazardous Gas Detection Robot in Coal Mines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanchan%20J.%20Kakade">Kanchan J. Kakade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Annadate"> S. A. Annadate</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents design and development of underground coal mine monitoring using mbed arm cortex controller and ZigBee communication. Coal mine is a special type of mine which is dangerous in nature. Safety is the most important feature of a coal industry for proper functioning. It’s not only for employees and workers but also for environment and nation. Many coal producing countries in the world face phenomenal frequently occurred accidents in coal mines viz, gas explosion, flood, and fire breaking out during coal mines exploitation. Thus, such emissions of various gases from coal mines are necessary to detect with the help of robot. Coal is a combustible, sedimentary, organic rock, which is made up of mainly carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Coal Mine Detection Robot mainly detects mash gas and carbon monoxide. The mash gas is the kind of the mixed gas which mainly make up of methane in the underground of the coal mine shaft, and sometimes it abbreviate to methane. It is formed from vegetation, which has been fused between other rock layers and altered by the combined effects of heat and pressure over millions of years to form coal beds. Coal has many important uses worldwide. The most significant uses of coal are in electricity generation, steel production, cement manufacturing and as a liquid fuel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zigbee%20communication" title="Zigbee communication">Zigbee communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=various%20sensors" title=" various sensors"> various sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazardous%20gases" title=" hazardous gases"> hazardous gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mbed%20arm%20cortex%20M3%20core%20controller" title=" mbed arm cortex M3 core controller "> mbed arm cortex M3 core controller </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32662/hazardous-gas-detection-robot-in-coal-mines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2582</span> Time Series Analysis of Radon Concentration at Different Depths in an Underground Goldmine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theophilus%20Adjirackor">Theophilus Adjirackor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frederic%20Sam"> Frederic Sam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irene%20Opoku-Ntim"> Irene Opoku-Ntim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Okoh%20Kpeglo"> David Okoh Kpeglo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prince%20K.%20Gyekye"> Prince K. Gyekye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20K.%20Quashie"> Frank K. Quashie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kofi%20Ofori"> Kofi Ofori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indoor radon concentrations were collected monthly over a period of one year in 10 different levels in an underground goldmine, and the data was analyzed using a four-moving average time series to determine the relationship between the depths of the underground mine and the indoor radon concentration. The detectors were installed in batches within four quarters. The measurements were carried out using LR115 solid-state nuclear track detectors. Statistical models are applied in the prediction and analysis of the radon concentration at various depths. The time series model predicted a positive relationship between the depth of the underground mine and the indoor radon concentration. Thus, elevated radon concentrations are expected at deeper levels of the underground mine, but the relationship was insignificant at the 5% level of significance with a negative adjusted R2 (R2 = – 0.021) due to an appropriate engineering and adequate ventilation rate in the underground mine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LR115" title="LR115">LR115</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radon%20concentration" title=" radon concentration"> radon concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rime%20series" title=" rime series"> rime series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20goldmine" title=" underground goldmine"> underground goldmine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186013/time-series-analysis-of-radon-concentration-at-different-depths-in-an-underground-goldmine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2581</span> Mitigation Measures for the Acid Mine Drainage Emanating from the Sabie Goldfield: Case Study of the Nestor Mine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudzani%20Lusunzi">Rudzani Lusunzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frans%20Waanders"> Frans Waanders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvis%20Fosso-Kankeu"> Elvis Fosso-Kankeu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Khashane%20Netshitungulwana"> Robert Khashane Netshitungulwana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Sabie Goldfield has a history of gold mining dating back more than a century. Acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Nestor mine tailings storage facility (MTSF) poses a serious threat to the nearby ecosystem, specifically the Sabie River system. This study aims at developing mitigation measures for the AMD emanating from the Nestor MTSF using materials from the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF. The Nestor MTSF (NM) and the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF (GM) each provided about 20 kg of bulk composite samples. Using samples from the Nestor MTSF and the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF, two mixtures were created. MIX-A is a mixture that contains 25% weight percent (GM) and 75% weight percent (NM). MIX-B is the name given to the second mixture, which contains 50% AN and 50% AG. The same static test, i.e., acid–base accounting (ABA), net acid generation (NAG), and acid buffering characteristics curve (ABCC) was used to estimate the acid-generating probabilities of samples NM and GM for MIX-A and MIX-B. Furthermore, the mineralogy of the Nestor MTSF samples consists of the primary acid-producing mineral pyrite as well as the secondary minerals ferricopiapite and jarosite, which are common in acidic conditions. The Glynns Lydenburg MTSF samples, on the other hand, contain primary acid-neutralizing minerals calcite and dolomite. Based on the assessment conducted, materials from the Glynns Lydenburg are capable of neutralizing AMD from Nestor MTSF. Therefore, the alkaline tailings materials from the Glynns Lydenburg MTSF can be used to rehabilitate the acidic Nestor MTSF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nestor%20Mine" title="Nestor Mine">Nestor Mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20mine%20drainage" title=" acid mine drainage"> acid mine drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabie%20River%20system" title=" Sabie River system"> Sabie River system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165950/mitigation-measures-for-the-acid-mine-drainage-emanating-from-the-sabie-goldfield-case-study-of-the-nestor-mine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2580</span> Groundwater Treatment of Thailand's Mae Moh Lignite Mine </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Laksanayothin">A. Laksanayothin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Ariyawong"> W. Ariyawong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mae Moh Lignite Mine is the largest open-pit mine in Thailand. The mine serves coal to the power plant about 16 million tons per year. This amount of coal can produce electricity accounting for about 10% of Nation’s electric power generation. The mining area of Mae Moh Mine is about 28 km2. At present, the deepest area of the pit is about 280 m from ground level (+40 m. MSL) and in the future the depth of the pit can reach 520 m from ground level (-200 m.MSL). As the size of the pit is quite large, the stability of the pit is seriously important. Furthermore, the preliminary drilling and extended drilling in year 1989-1996 had found high pressure aquifer under the pit. As a result, the pressure of the underground water has to be released in order to control mine pit stability. The study by the consulting experts later found that 3-5 million m3 per year of the underground water is needed to be de-watered for the safety of mining. However, the quality of this discharged water should meet the standard. Therefore, the ground water treatment facility has been implemented, aiming to reduce the amount of naturally contaminated Arsenic (As) in discharged water lower than the standard limit of 10 ppb. The treatment system consists of coagulation and filtration process. The main components include rapid mixing tanks, slow mixing tanks, sedimentation tank, thickener tank and sludge drying bed. The treatment process uses 40% FeCl3 as a coagulant. The FeCl3 will adsorb with As(V), forming floc particles and separating from the water as precipitate. After that, the sludge is dried in the sand bed and then be disposed in the secured land fill. Since 2011, the treatment plant of 12,000 m3/day has been efficiently operated. The average removal efficiency of the process is about 95%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arsenic" title="arsenic">arsenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulant" title=" coagulant"> coagulant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferric%20chloride" title=" ferric chloride"> ferric chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title=" groundwater"> groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignite" title=" lignite"> lignite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20mine" title=" coal mine "> coal mine </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21429/groundwater-treatment-of-thailands-mae-moh-lignite-mine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2579</span> Abandoned Mine Methane Mitigation in the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerome%20Blackman">Jerome Blackman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pamela%20Franklin"> Pamela Franklin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volha%20Roshchanka"> Volha Roshchanka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The US coal mining sector accounts for 6% of total US Methane emissions (2021). 60% of US coal mining methane emissions come from active underground mine ventilation systems. Abandoned mines contribute about 13% of methane emissions from coal mining. While there are thousands of abandoned underground coal mines in the US, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that fewer than 100 have sufficient methane resources for viable methane recovery and use projects. Many abandoned mines are in remote areas far from potential energy customers and may be flooded, further complicating methane recovery. Because these mines are no longer active, recovery projects can be simpler to implement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abandoned%20mines" title="abandoned mines">abandoned mines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20mine%20methane" title=" coal mine methane"> coal mine methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20mining" title=" coal mining"> coal mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20emissions" title=" methane emissions"> methane emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20mitigation" title=" methane mitigation"> methane mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery%20and%20use" title=" recovery and use"> recovery and use</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176222/abandoned-mine-methane-mitigation-in-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2578</span> In-Situ Determination of Radioactivity Levels and Radiological Hazards in and around the Gold Mine Tailings of the West Rand Area, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paballo%20M.%20Moshupya">Paballo M. Moshupya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamiru%20A.%20Abiye"> Tamiru A. Abiye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Korir"> Ian Korir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mining and processing of naturally occurring radioactive materials could result in elevated levels of natural radionuclides in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioactivity levels on a large scale in the West Rand District in South Africa, which is dominated by abandoned gold mine tailings and the consequential radiological exposures to members of the public. The activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and 40K in mine tailings, soil and rocks were assessed using the BGO Super-Spec (RS-230) gamma spectrometer. The measured activity concentrations for ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and 40K in the studied mine tailings were found to range from 209.95 to 2578.68 Bq/kg, 19.49 to 108.00 Bq/kg and 31.30 to 626.00 Bq/kg, respectively. In surface soils, the overall average activity concentrations were found to be 59.15 Bq/kg, 34.91 and 245.64 Bq/kg for 238U, ²³²Th and 40K, respectively. For the rock samples analyzed, the mean activity concentrations were 32.97 Bq/kg, 32.26 Bq/kg and 351.52 Bg/kg for ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and 40K, respectively. High radioactivity levels were found in mine tailings, with ²³⁸U contributing significantly to the overall activity concentration. The external gamma radiation received from surface soil in the area is generally low, with an average of 0.07 mSv/y. The highest annual effective doses were estimated from the tailings dams and the levels varied between 0.14 mSv/y and 1.09 mSv/y, with an average of 0.51 mSv/y. In certain locations, the recommended dose constraint of 0.25 mSv/y from a single source to the average member of the public within the exposed population was exceeded, indicating the need for further monitoring and regulatory control measures specific to these areas to ensure the protection of resident members of the public. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activity%20concentration" title="activity concentration">activity concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20mine%20tailings" title=" gold mine tailings"> gold mine tailings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-situ%20gamma%20spectrometry" title=" in-situ gamma spectrometry"> in-situ gamma spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiological%20exposures" title=" radiological exposures"> radiological exposures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146072/in-situ-determination-of-radioactivity-levels-and-radiological-hazards-in-and-around-the-gold-mine-tailings-of-the-west-rand-area-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2577</span> Treatment of Acid Mine Lake by Ultrasonically Modified Fly Ash at Different Frequencies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burcu%20Ileri">Burcu Ileri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deniz%20%20Sanliyuksel%20Yucel"> Deniz Sanliyuksel Yucel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onder%20Ayyildiz"> Onder Ayyildiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The oxidation of pyrite in water results in the formation of acid mine drainage, which typically forms extremely acid mine lake (AML) in the depression areas of abandoned Etili open-pit coal mine site, Northwest Turkey. Nine acid mine lakes of various sizes have been located in the Etili coal mine site. Hayirtepe AML is one of the oldest lake having a mean pH value of 2.9 and conductivity of 4550 μS/cm, and containing elevated concentrations of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The water quality of the lake has been deteriorated due to its high chemical composition, in particular, increasing heavy metal pollution. In this study, fly ash (FA), a coal combustion by-product from fluidized bed thermal power plant in the northwestern part of Turkey, was used as an adsorbent for the treatment of Hayirtepe AML. The FA is a relatively abundant and cost effective material, but its use in adsorption processes usually require excessive adsorbent doses. To increase adsorption efficiency and lower the adsorbent dose, we modified the FA by means of ultrasonic treatment (20 kHz and 40 kHz). The images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have demonstrated that ultrasonic treatment not only decreased the size of ash particles but also created pits and cracks on their surfaces which in turn led to a significant increase in the BET surface area. Both FA and modified fly ash were later tested for the removal of heavy metals from the AML. The effect of various operating parameters such as ultrasonic power, pH, ash dose, and adsorption contact time were examined to obtain the optimum conditions for the treatment process. The results have demonstrated that removal of heavy metals by ultrasound-modified fly ash requires much shorter treatment times and lower adsorbent doses than those attained by the unmodified fly ash. This research was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), (Project no: 116Y510). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20mine%20lake" title="acid mine lake">acid mine lake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20fly%20ash" title=" modified fly ash"> modified fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20treatment" title=" ultrasonic treatment"> ultrasonic treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85155/treatment-of-acid-mine-lake-by-ultrasonically-modified-fly-ash-at-different-frequencies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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