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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_Americans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Native Americans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_Americans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>European exploration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>European settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Founding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Founding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_and_Indian_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_and_Indian_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>French and Indian War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_and_Indian_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolutionary_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolutionary_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Revolutionary War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolutionary_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Historic sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Register_of_Historic_Places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Register_of_Historic_Places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1</span> <span>National Register of Historic Places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Register_of_Historic_Places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.2</span> <span>Other sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2020 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_Census_estimates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_Census_estimates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>2016 Census estimates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_Census_estimates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_Blossom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_Blossom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Apple Blossom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_Blossom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Record_manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Record_manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Record manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Record_manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Top_employers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_employers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Top employers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Top_employers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Top employers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Top_employers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Top_employers_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_employers_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Top employers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_employers_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Major highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Public Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>18th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Common Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_Council_Members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_Council_Members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>City Council Members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_Council_Members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Winchester, Virginia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="وينشستر (فيرجينيا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وينشستر (فيرجينيا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%86%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="وینچزتر، ویرجینیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وینچزتر، ویرجینیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Уинчестър (Вирджиния) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уинчестър (Вирджиния)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Winchester, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="City of Winchester" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virginie)" title="Winchester (Virginie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Winchester (Virginie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Winchester" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virginia)" title="Winchester (Virginia) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Winchester (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virginia)" title="Winchester (Virginia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Winchester (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="وینچستر، ویرجینیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وینچستر، ویرجینیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virginie)" title="Winchester (Virginie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Winchester (Virginie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Firginia)" title="Winchester (Firginia) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Winchester (Firginia)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_(%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="وينچستر (ويرجينيا) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="وينچستر (ويرجينيا)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%88%EC%B2%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0_(%EB%B2%84%EC%A7%80%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC)" title="윈체스터 (버지니아주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윈체스터 (버지니아주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Winchester, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virginia)" title="Winchester (Virginia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Winchester (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Vijini" title="Winchester, Vijini – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Winchester, Vijini" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virginia)" title="Winchester (Virginia) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Winchester (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virginia)" title="Winchester (Virginia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Winchester (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Winchester, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virginia)" title="Winchester (Virginia) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Winchester (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC_(%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E)" title="ウィンチェスター (バージニア州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィンチェスター (バージニア州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Винчестер (Виргини) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Винчестер (Виргини)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virginia)" title="Winchester (Virginia) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Winchester (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virginia)" title="Winchester (Virginia) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Winchester (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Wirginia)" title="Winchester (Wirginia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Winchester (Wirginia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virg%C3%ADnia)" title="Winchester (Virgínia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Winchester (Virgínia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Winchester, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Уинчестер (Виргиния) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уинчестер (Виргиния)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Winchester, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Винчестер (Вирџинија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Винчестер (Вирџинија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Winchester, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virginia)" title="Winchester (Virginia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Winchester (Virginia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Winchester, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Винчестер (Вирджиния) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Винчестер (Вирджиния)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Winchester, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Вінчестер (Вірджинія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вінчестер (Вірджинія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ونچیسٹر، ورجینیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ونچیسٹر، ورجینیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Winchester, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_(Virgin%C3%A4n)" title="Winchester (Virginän) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Winchester (Virginän)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Winchester, Virginia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BE%B9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9_(%E7%B6%AD%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="溫徹斯特 (維吉尼亞州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="溫徹斯特 (維吉尼亞州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q492355#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Winchester,_Virginia&params=39_11_N_78_10_W_region:US-VA_type:city(28120)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°11′N</span> <span class="longitude">78°10′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.183°N 78.167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.183; -78.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info"><b>This is an <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia">current revision</a></span>.</b><span id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 01:30, 1 December 2022 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Johnadamsz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:Johnadamsz (page does not exist)" data-mw-revid="1124887918"><bdi>Johnadamsz</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Johnadamsz" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Johnadamsz">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Johnadamsz" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Johnadamsz">contribs</a>)</span></span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Winchester,_Virginia&diff=prev&oldid=1124887918" title="Winchester, Virginia">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winchester,_Virginia&direction=prev&oldid=1124887918" title="Winchester, Virginia">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia" title="Winchester, Virginia">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Winchester,_Virginia&diff=cur&oldid=1124887918" title="Winchester, Virginia">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winchester,_Virginia&direction=next&oldid=1124887918" title="Winchester, Virginia">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Winchester,_Virginia&diff=next&oldid=1124887918" title="Winchester, Virginia">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Independent city in Virginia, United States</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Independent city in Virginia, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Winchester, Virginia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loudoun_Street_Mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Loudoun Street Mall, July 2020"><img alt="Loudoun Street Mall, July 2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Loudoun_Street_Mall.jpg/250px-Loudoun_Street_Mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Loudoun_Street_Mall.jpg/375px-Loudoun_Street_Mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Loudoun_Street_Mall.jpg/500px-Loudoun_Street_Mall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3732" data-file-height="2666" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Loudoun Street Mall, July 2020</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winchester_Virginia_Seal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Winchester, Virginia"><img alt="Official seal of Winchester, Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Winchester_Virginia_Seal.jpg/100px-Winchester_Virginia_Seal.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Winchester_Virginia_Seal.jpg/150px-Winchester_Virginia_Seal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c6/Winchester_Virginia_Seal.jpg/200px-Winchester_Virginia_Seal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="312" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winchester-Location.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location within Virginia"><img alt="Location within Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Winchester-Location.svg/250px-Winchester-Location.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Winchester-Location.svg/375px-Winchester-Location.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Winchester-Location.svg/500px-Winchester-Location.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="344" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location within Virginia</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenandoah_Valley.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winchester is located in Shenandoah Valley"><img alt="Winchester is located in Shenandoah Valley" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Shenandoah_Valley.svg/250px-Shenandoah_Valley.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Shenandoah_Valley.svg/375px-Shenandoah_Valley.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Shenandoah_Valley.svg/500px-Shenandoah_Valley.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="662" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.207%;left:80.823%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Winchester"><img alt="Winchester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Winchester</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Shenandoah Valley</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Shenandoah Valley</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Virginia_Northern_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winchester is located in Northern Virginia"><img alt="Winchester is located in Northern Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/USA_Virginia_Northern_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Virginia_Northern_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/USA_Virginia_Northern_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Virginia_Northern_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/USA_Virginia_Northern_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Virginia_Northern_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="297" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.638%;left:16.617%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Winchester"><img alt="Winchester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Winchester</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Winchester (Northern Virginia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Northern Virginia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Virginia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winchester is located in Virginia"><img alt="Winchester is located in Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/USA_Virginia_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Virginia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/USA_Virginia_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Virginia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/USA_Virginia_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Virginia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="964" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.114%;left:64.416%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Winchester"><img alt="Winchester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Winchester</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Winchester (Virginia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Virginia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winchester is located in the United States"><img alt="Winchester is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.107%;left:79.656%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Winchester"><img alt="Winchester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Winchester</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Winchester (the United States)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Winchester,_Virginia&params=39_11_N_78_10_W_region:US-VA_type:city(28120)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°11′N</span> <span class="longitude">78°10′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.183°N 78.167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.183; -78.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None (<a href="/wiki/Independent_city" title="Independent city">Independent city</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1744</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">John David Smith Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9.21 sq mi (23.86 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">9.19 sq mi (23.81 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0.02 sq mi (0.05 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">725 ft (221 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">28,120</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,100/sq mi (1,200/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Standard_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Standard Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zip_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Zip Code">Zip Code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">22601</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_540" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 540">540</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">51-86720<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">1498552<sup id="cite_ref-GR3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.winchesterva.gov/">http://www.winchesterva.gov/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Winchester</b> is the northernmost <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Virginia#Independent_cities" title="Administrative divisions of Virginia">independent city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Frederick County, Virginia">Frederick County</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GR6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR6-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the two are separate jurisdictions. The <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">Bureau of Economic Analysis</a> combines the city of Winchester with surrounding Frederick County for statistical purposes. As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020 census</a>, the city's population was 28,120.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Winchester is the principal city of the <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_VA%E2%80%93WV_MSA" title="Winchester, VA–WV MSA">Winchester, Virginia–West Virginia, metropolitan statistical area</a>, which is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area">Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area</a>. Winchester is home to <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_University" title="Shenandoah University">Shenandoah University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Shenandoah_Valley" title="Museum of the Shenandoah Valley">Museum of the Shenandoah Valley</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_Americans">Native Americans</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">Indigenous peoples</a> lived along the waterways of present-day Virginia for thousands of years before European contact. <a href="/wiki/Archeological" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeological">Archeological</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthropological" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropological">anthropological</a> studies have provided insights into their cultures. Though little is known of specific tribal movements before European contact, the <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a> area, considered a sacred common hunting ground, appears by the 17th century to have been controlled mostly by the local <a href="/wiki/Iroquoian" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquoian">Iroquoian</a>-speaking groups, including the Senedo and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sherando&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sherando (page does not exist)">Sherando</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> began to challenge the Iroquoians for the hunting grounds later in that century. The <a href="/wiki/Explorers" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorers">explorers</a> Batts and Fallam in 1671 reported the Shawnee were contesting with the Iroquoians for control of the valley and were losing. During the later <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a>, the powerful <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquois Confederacy">Iroquois Confederacy</a> from New York (particularly <a href="/wiki/Seneca_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Seneca nation">Seneca</a> from the western part of the territory) subjugated all tribes in the frontier region west of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Seaboard_fall_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Seaboard fall line">Fall Line</a>. </p><p>By the time European settlers arrived in the Shenandoah Valley around 1729, the Shawnee were the principal occupants in the area around Winchester. During the first decade of white settlement, the valley was also a conduit and battleground in a bloody intertribal war between the Seneca and allied Algonquian <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> from the north, and their distant traditional enemies, the <a href="/wiki/Siouan" class="mw-redirect" title="Siouan">Siouan</a> <a href="/wiki/Catawba_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catawba (tribe)">Catawba</a> in the Carolinas. The Iroquois Six Nations finally ceded their nominal claim to the Shenandoah Valley at the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Lancaster">Treaty of Lancaster</a> (1744). The treaty also established the right of <a href="/wiki/Colonists" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonists">colonists</a> to use the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Road">Indian Road</a>, later known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wagon_Road" title="Great Wagon Road">Great Wagon Road</a>. </p><p>The father of the historical Shawnee chief <a href="/wiki/Cornstalk" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cornstalk">Cornstalk</a> had his court at <a href="/wiki/Cross_Junction,_Virginia" title="Cross Junction, Virginia">Shawnee Springs</a> (near today's <a href="/wiki/Cross_Junction,_Virginia" title="Cross Junction, Virginia">Cross Junction, Virginia</a>) until 1754. In 1753, on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>), messengers came to the Shawnee from tribes further west, inviting them to leave the Valley and cross the <a href="/wiki/Alleghenies" class="mw-redirect" title="Alleghenies">Alleghenies</a>, which they did the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shawnee settled for some years in the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a> before being forced by the US government under <a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Removal">Indian Removal</a> in the 1830s to remove to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>. </p><p>Winchester had a notable role as a frontier city in those early times. The Governor of Virginia, as well as the young military commander <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, met in the town with their Iroquois allies (called the "<a href="/wiki/Half-King" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-King">Half-Kings</a>"), to coordinate maneuvers against the French and their Native American allies during the French and Indian War. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_exploration">European exploration</h3></div> <p>French Jesuit expeditions may have first entered the valley as early as 1606, as the explorer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a> made a crude map of the area in 1632. The first confirmed exploration of the northern valley was by the explorer <a href="/wiki/John_Lederer" title="John Lederer">John Lederer</a>, who viewed the region from the current Fauquier and Warren County line on August 26, 1670. In 1705 the Swiss explorer Louise Michel and in 1716 Governor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Spotswood" title="Alexander Spotswood">Alexander Spotswood</a> did more extensive mapping and surveying. </p><p>In the late 1720s, Governor <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Gooch,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Gooch, 1st Baronet">William Gooch</a> promoted settlement by issuing large land grants. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carter_I" title="Robert Carter I">Robert "King" Carter</a>, manager of the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fairfax,_6th_Lord_Fairfax_of_Cameron" title="Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron">Lord Fairfax</a> proprietorship, acquired 200,000 acres (810 km<sup>2</sup>). This combination of events directly precipitated an inrush of settlers from Pennsylvania and New York, made up of a blend of <a href="/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Society of Friends">Quakers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch-Irish American">Scots-Irish</a> homesteaders, many of them new immigrants. The Scots-Irish comprised the most numerous group of immigrants from the British Isles before the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_settlement">European settlement</h3></div> <p>The settlement of Winchester began as early as 1729, when Quakers such as Abraham Hollingsworth migrated up (south) the Great Valley along the long-traveled Indian Path (later called the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wagon_Road" title="Great Wagon Road">Great Wagon Road</a> by the colonists) from Pennsylvania. He and others began to homestead on old Shawnee campgrounds. Tradition holds that the Quakers purchased several tracts on Apple-pie Ridge from the natives, who did not disturb those settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first German settler appears to have been Jost Hite in 1732, who brought ten other families, including some Scots-Irish. Though Virginia was an <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> colony, Governor <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Gooch,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Gooch, 1st Baronet">William Gooch</a> had a tolerant policy on religion. The availability of land grants brought in many religious families, who were often given 50-acre (200,000 m<sup>2</sup>) plots through the sponsorship of fellow-religious grant purchasers and speculators. As a result, the Winchester area became home to some of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> churches in the valley. The first Lutheran worship was established by Rev. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Casper_Stoever_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Casper Stoever Jr. (page does not exist)">John Casper Stoever Jr.</a>, and Alexander Ross established Hopewell Meeting for the Quakers. By 1736, Scots-Irish built the <a href="/wiki/Opequon,_Virginia" title="Opequon, Virginia">Opequon</a> Presbyterian Church in <a href="/wiki/Kernstown,_Virginia" title="Kernstown, Virginia">Kernstown</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Hite_v._Fairfax" title="Hite v. Fairfax">legal fight</a> erupted in 1735 when <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fairfax,_6th_Lord_Fairfax_of_Cameron" title="Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron">Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax</a> came to Virginia to claim his land grant. It included "all the land in Virginia between the Rappahannock and the Potomac rivers", an old grant from <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">King Charles II</a> which overlapped and included Frederick County. It took some time for land titles to be cleared among early settlers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3></div> <p>By 1738 these settlements became known as <b>Frederick Town</b>. The county of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Frederick County, Virginia">Frederick</a> was carved out of Orange County. The first government was created, consisting of a County Court as well as the Anglican Frederick Parish (for purposes of tax collection). <a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(governor)" title="James Wood (governor)">Colonel James Wood</a>, an immigrant from <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, England, was the first court clerk and had been a surveyor for <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Virginia" title="Orange County, Virginia">Orange County, Virginia</a>. He contracted for his own home <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Shenandoah_Valley" title="Museum of the Shenandoah Valley">Glen Burnie homstead</a> around 1737, and it may have been used for early government business.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Gardens_of_Glen_Burnie_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Gardens_of_Glen_Burnie-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wood laid out 26 half-acre (2,000 m²) lots in 1744.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Gardens_of_Glen_Burnie_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Gardens_of_Glen_Burnie-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The County Court held its first session on November 11, 1743, where James Wood served until 1760. Lord Fairfax, understanding that <a href="/wiki/Possession_is_9/10ths_of_the_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Possession is 9/10ths of the law">possession is 9/10ths of the law</a>, built a home here (in present-day Clarke County) in 1748. </p><p>In February 1752,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Virginia <a href="/wiki/House_of_Burgesses" title="House of Burgesses">House of Burgesses</a> granted the fourth city charter in Virginia to 'Winchester' as Frederick Town was renamed after Colonel Wood's birthplace in England. In 1754, Abraham Hollingsworth built the local residence called Abram's Delight, which served as the first local Quaker meeting house. <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> spent a good portion of his young life in Winchester helping survey the Fairfax land grant for Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax, as well as performing surveying work for Colonel Wood. In 1758 Wood added 158 lots to the west side of town. In 1759 Thomas Lord Fairfax contributed 173 more lots to the south and east.<sup id="cite_ref-beginnings_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beginnings-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_and_Indian_War">French and Indian War</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_1772.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Washington_1772.jpg/170px-Washington_1772.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Washington_1772.jpg/255px-Washington_1772.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Washington_1772.jpg/340px-Washington_1772.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2418" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Colonel George Washington</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/General_Edward_Braddock" class="mw-redirect" title="General Edward Braddock">General Edward Braddock</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Braddock%27s_March" class="mw-redirect" title="Braddock's March">expeditionary march</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Duquesne" title="Fort Duquesne">Fort Duquesne</a> crossed through this area in 1755 on the way to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Cumberland_(Maryland)" title="Fort Cumberland (Maryland)">Fort Cumberland</a>. Knowing the area well from work as a surveyor, George Washington accompanied General Braddock as his aide-de-camp. Resident <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Morgan" title="Daniel Morgan">Daniel Morgan</a> joined Braddock's Army as a wagoner on its march to Pennsylvania. </p><p>In 1756, on land granted by James Wood, Colonel George Washington designed and began constructing Fort Loudoun, which ultimately covered 0.955 acres (3,860 m<sup>2</sup>) in present-day downtown Winchester on North Loudoun Street. Fort Loudoun was occupied and manned with guns until the start of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. </p><p>During this era, a jail was built in Winchester. It occasionally held Quakers from many parts of Virginia who protested the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> and refused to pay taxes to the Anglican parish. While their cousins in Pennsylvania dominated politics there, Virginia was an Anglican colony and did not tolerate pacifism well. The strong Quaker tradition of pacifism against strong Virginia support for this war and the next, led to long-term stifling of the Quaker population. Winchester became a gateway to Quaker settlements further west; by the mid-19th century, the Quaker population was a small minority here. </p><p>During the war in 1758, at the age of 26, Colonel George Washington was elected to represent Frederick County to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Burgesses" title="House of Burgesses">House of Burgesses</a>. Daniel Morgan later served as a ranger protecting the borderlands of Virginia against Indian raids, returning to Winchester in 1759. Following the war, from 1763 to 1774 Daniel Morgan served in Captain Ashby's company and defended Virginia against <a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_Conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontiac's Conspiracy">Pontiac's Rebellion</a> and Shawnee Indians in the Ohio valley (that part now in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolutionary_War">Revolutionary War</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DanielMorgan.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/DanielMorgan.jpeg/170px-DanielMorgan.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/DanielMorgan.jpeg/255px-DanielMorgan.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/DanielMorgan.jpeg/340px-DanielMorgan.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>Colonel Daniel Morgan</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Revolutionary War, the Virginia House of Burgesses chose local resident and <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> veteran <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Morgan" title="Daniel Morgan">Daniel Morgan</a> to raise a company of militia to support General George Washington's efforts during the Siege of Boston. He led the 96 men of "Morgan's Sharpshooters" from Winchester on July 14, 1775, and marched to Boston in 21 days. Morgan, Wood, and others also performed duties in holding captured <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Hessian_(soldiers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hessian (soldiers)">Hessian soldiers</a>. </p><p>Hessian soldiers were known to walk to the high ridge north and west of town, where they could purchase and eat apple pies made by the Quakers. The ridge became affectionately known as Apple Pie Ridge. The Ridge Road built before 1751 leading north from town was renamed <a href="/wiki/White_Hall,_Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="White Hall, Frederick County, Virginia">Apple Pie Ridge Road</a>. The local farmers found booming business in feeding the Virginia Militia and fledgling volunteer American army. </p><p>Following the war, the town's first newspapers, <i>The Gazette</i> and <i>The Centinel</i>, were established. Daniel Morgan continued his public service, being elected to one term in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> (1797–1799). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Circa_1875_in_Winchester,_VA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Circa_1875_in_Winchester%2C_VA.jpg/280px-Circa_1875_in_Winchester%2C_VA.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Circa_1875_in_Winchester%2C_VA.jpg/420px-Circa_1875_in_Winchester%2C_VA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Circa_1875_in_Winchester%2C_VA.jpg/560px-Circa_1875_in_Winchester%2C_VA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2004" data-file-height="724" /></a><figcaption>Winchester c. 1875</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Winchester_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester in the American Civil War">Winchester in the American Civil War</a></div> <p>Winchester and the surrounding area were the site of numerous battles during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, as the Confederate and Union armies strove to control that portion of the <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a>. Seven major battlefields are in the original Frederick County: </p><p>Within the city of Winchester: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kernstown_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kernstown I">First Battle of Kernstown</a>, March 23, 1862</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Winchester" title="First Battle of Winchester">First Battle of Winchester</a>, May 25, 1862</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Winchester_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Winchester II">Second Battle of Winchester</a>, June 13–15, 1863</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kernstown_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kernstown II">Second Battle of Kernstown</a>, July 24, 1864</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Opequon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Opequon">Third Battle of Winchester</a>, September 19, 1864</li></ul> <p>Near the city of Winchester: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cool_Spring" title="Battle of Cool Spring">Battle of Cool Spring</a> at <a href="/wiki/Snicker%27s_Gap" class="mw-redirect" title="Snicker's Gap">Snicker's Gap</a>, July 17–18, 1864</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berryville" title="Battle of Berryville">Battle of Berryville</a>, September 3–4, 1864</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedar_Creek" title="Battle of Cedar Creek">Battle of Belle Grove (or Cedar Creek)</a>, October 19, 1864</li></ul> <p>Winchester was a key strategic position for the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate States Army</a> during the war. It was an important operational objective in <a href="/wiki/General_(CSA)" class="mw-redirect" title="General (CSA)">Gen</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">Joseph E. Johnston</a>'s and Col <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's</a> defense of the Shenandoah Valley in 1861, Jackson's <a href="/wiki/Valley_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley Campaign">Valley Campaign</a> of 1862, the <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gettysburg Campaign">Gettysburg Campaign</a> of 1863, and the <a href="/wiki/Valley_Campaigns_of_1864" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley Campaigns of 1864">Valley Campaigns of 1864</a>. Including minor cavalry raids and patrols, and occasional reconnaissances, historians claim that Winchester changed hands as many as 72 times and 13 times in one day. Battles raged along Main Street at points in the war. Union General <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Sheridan</a> and Stonewall Jackson located their headquarters just one block apart at times. </p><p>At the north end of the lower Shenandoah Valley, Winchester was a base of operations for major Confederate invasions into the Northern United States. At times the attacks threatened the capital of Washington, D.C. The town served as a central point for troops conducting major raids against the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_and_Ohio_Canal" title="Chesapeake and Ohio Canal">Chesapeake and Ohio Canal</a>, and turnpike and telegraph paths along those routes and the Potomac River Valley. For instance, in 1861, Stonewall Jackson removed 56 locomotives and over 300 railroad cars, along with miles of track, from the B&O Railroad. His attack closed down the B&O's main line for ten months. Much of the effort to transport this equipment by horse and carriage centered in Winchester. </p><p>During the war, Winchester was occupied by the Union Army for four major periods: </p> <ul><li>Major General <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathaniel Banks">Nathaniel Banks</a> – (March ? May 12 to 25, 1862, and June 4 to September 2, 1862)</li> <li>Major General <a href="/wiki/Robert_Milroy" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Milroy">Robert Milroy</a> – (December 24, 1862, to June 15, 1863)</li> <li>Major General <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a> – (September 19, 1864, to February 27, 1865)</li> <li>Major General <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a> – February 27, 1865, to June 27, 1865</li></ul> <p>Major General Sheridan raided up the valley from Winchester, where his forces destroyed "2,000 barns filled with grain and implements, not to mention other outbuildings, 70 mills filled with wheat and flour" and "numerous head of livestock," to lessen the area's ability to supply the Confederates.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous local men served with the Confederate Army, mostly as troops. Dr. <a href="/wiki/Hunter_McGuire" title="Hunter McGuire">Hunter McGuire</a> was Chief Surgeon of the Second "Jackson's" Corps of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a>. He laid the foundations for the future <a href="/wiki/Geneva_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva convention">Geneva conventions</a> regarding the treatment of medical doctors during warfare. Winchester served as a major center for Confederate medical operations, particularly after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam" title="Battle of Antietam">Battle of Sharpsburg</a> in 1862 and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Battle of Gettysburg</a> in 1863. </p><p>Among those who took part in battles at Winchester were future U.S. presidents <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Hayes</a>, both as officers in the Union <a href="/wiki/IX_Corps_(ACW)" class="mw-redirect" title="IX Corps (ACW)">IX Corps</a>. </p><p>Today, Winchester has extensive resources for Civil War enthusiasts. For instance, there are remains of several Civil War-era forts: </p> <ul><li>Fort Jackson (a.k.a. Fort Garibaldi, Main Fort, Fort Milroy, Battery No. 2)</li> <li>Fort Alabama (a.k.a. Star Fort, Battery No. 3)</li> <li>Fort Collier (a.k.a. Battery No. 10)</li> <li>Louisiana Heights (a.k.a. the combination of West Fort or Battery No.5 and Battery No. 6)</li> <li>Bower's Hill (a.k.a. Battery No. 1)</li></ul> <p>Jubal Early Drive, which curves south of downtown Winchester, was the central location for many of the battles. </p><p>The United States assigned military presence to Winchester and other parts of the South during <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era (United States)">Reconstruction</a> after the war. Winchester was part of the <a href="/wiki/First_Military_District" title="First Military District">First Military District</a>, commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/John_Schofield" title="John Schofield">John Schofield</a>. This period lasted until January 26, 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> <p>Winchester was the first city south of the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> to install <a href="/wiki/Electric_light" title="Electric light">electric light</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1917 the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_and_Western_Railroad" title="Winchester and Western Railroad">Winchester and Western Railroad</a> connected Winchester with <a href="/wiki/Rock_Enon_Springs,_Virginia" title="Rock Enon Springs, Virginia">Rock Enon Springs</a>, moving both vacationers and supplies to the resort that is now <a href="/wiki/Camp_Rock_Enon" title="Camp Rock Enon">Camp Rock Enon</a> with far greater speed.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 366">: 366 </span></sup> Winchester is the location of the bi-annual <a href="/wiki/N-SSA" class="mw-redirect" title="N-SSA">N-SSA</a> national competition, keeping the tradition of Civil War era firearms alive. A three-block section of downtown Loudoun Street was closed to vehicular traffic in the 1970s and is a popular pedestrian area featuring many boutiques and cafés. The street was repaved with brick and landscaped in 2013. <a href="/wiki/Apple_Blossom_Mall" title="Apple Blossom Mall">Apple Blossom Mall</a> opened in 1982. </p><p>In 1983, a tire dump in the area containing over seven million tires burned for nine months, polluting nearby areas with <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a>. The location was cleaned up as a <a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Superfund</a> project between 1983 and 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-rhinehart_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhinehart-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TimesFire_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimesFire-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_sites">Historic sites</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeoWashStatueWinchesterVAJuly2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/GeoWashStatueWinchesterVAJuly2022.jpg/220px-GeoWashStatueWinchesterVAJuly2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/GeoWashStatueWinchesterVAJuly2022.jpg/330px-GeoWashStatueWinchesterVAJuly2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/GeoWashStatueWinchesterVAJuly2022.jpg/440px-GeoWashStatueWinchesterVAJuly2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Statue of George Washington at George Washington's Office Museum</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PatsyClineHouseWinchesterVA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/PatsyClineHouseWinchesterVA.jpg/220px-PatsyClineHouseWinchesterVA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/PatsyClineHouseWinchesterVA.jpg/330px-PatsyClineHouseWinchesterVA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/PatsyClineHouseWinchesterVA.jpg/440px-PatsyClineHouseWinchesterVA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Patsy Cline Historic House, 608 S. Kent Street</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Register_of_Historic_Places">National Register of Historic Places</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Winchester,_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Winchester, Virginia">National Register of Historic Places listings in Winchester, Virginia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handley_Library_south_side.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Handley_Library_south_side.JPG/220px-Handley_Library_south_side.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Handley_Library_south_side.JPG/330px-Handley_Library_south_side.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Handley_Library_south_side.JPG/440px-Handley_Library_south_side.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3397" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Handley_Library" title="Handley Library">Handley Library</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handley01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Handley01.JPG/220px-Handley01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Handley01.JPG/330px-Handley01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Handley01.JPG/440px-Handley01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Handley_High_School" title="John Handley High School">John Handley High School</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Site </th> <th>Year Built </th> <th>Address </th> <th>Listed </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Abram%27s_Delight" title="Abram's Delight">Abram's Delight</a> </td> <td align="left">1754 </td> <td align="left">Parkview Street & Rouss Spring Road </td> <td align="left">1973 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_School" title="Douglas School">Douglas School</a> </td> <td align="left">1927 </td> <td align="left">598 North Kent Street </td> <td align="left">2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fair_Mount" title="Fair Mount">Fair Mount</a> </td> <td align="left">19th century </td> <td align="left">311 Fairmont Avenue </td> <td align="left">2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Glen_Burnie_(Winchester,_Virginia)" title="Glen Burnie (Winchester, Virginia)">Glen Burnie</a> </td> <td align="left">1794 </td> <td align="left">901 Amherst Street </td> <td align="left">1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Handley_Library" title="Handley Library">Handley Library</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left">1913 </td> <td align="left">Braddock & Piccadilly Streets </td> <td align="left">1969 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/John_Handley_High_School" title="John Handley High School">John Handley High School</a> </td> <td align="left">1920s </td> <td align="left">425 Handley Boulevard </td> <td align="left">1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hawthorne_and_Old_Town_Spring" title="Hawthorne and Old Town Spring">Hawthorne and Old Town Spring</a> </td> <td align="left">1811 </td> <td align="left">610 and 730 Amherst Street </td> <td align="left">2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hexagon_House" title="Hexagon House">Hexagon House</a> </td> <td align="left">1870s </td> <td align="left">530 Amherst Street </td> <td align="left">1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson%27s_Headquarters_Museum" title="Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum">Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum</a> </td> <td align="left">mid-19th century </td> <td align="left">415 North Braddock Street </td> <td align="left">1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kurtz_House" title="Adam Kurtz House">Adam Kurtz House</a> </td> <td align="left">1757 </td> <td align="left">Braddock & Cork Streets </td> <td align="left">1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_Church_(Winchester,_Virginia)" title="Old Stone Church (Winchester, Virginia)">Old Stone Church (Winchester, Virginia)</a> </td> <td align="left">1788 </td> <td align="left">304 East Piccadilly Street </td> <td align="left">1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Triangle_Diner" title="Triangle Diner">Triangle Diner</a> </td> <td align="left">1948 </td> <td align="left">27 West Gerrard Street </td> <td align="left">2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Historic_District_(Winchester,_Virginia)" title="Winchester Historic District (Winchester, Virginia)">Winchester Historic District</a> </td> <td align="left">1750–1930 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/US_522_(VA)" class="mw-redirect" title="US 522 (VA)">US 522</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_11_(VA)" class="mw-redirect" title="US 11 (VA)">US 11</a> & <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_50_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 50 in Virginia">US 50</a>/<a href="/wiki/US_17_(VA)" class="mw-redirect" title="US 17 (VA)">US 17</a> </td> <td align="left">1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Winchester Historic District (Boundary Increase) </td> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="left">120 & 126 North Kent Street </td> <td align="left">2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Winchester_National_Cemetery" title="Winchester National Cemetery">Winchester National Cemetery</a> </td> <td align="left">1860s </td> <td align="left">401 National Avenue </td> <td align="left">1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">George Washington's Office Museum </td> <td align="left">by 1748 </td> <td align="left">32 West Cork Street </td> <td align="left">1975 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Patsy Cline Historic House </td> <td align="left">1880 </td> <td align="left">608 S. Kent St. </td> <td align="left">2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hebron_Cemetery_and_Gatehouse" title="Mount Hebron Cemetery and Gatehouse">Mount Hebron Cemetery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonewall Cemetery">Stonewall Confederate Cemetery</a> </td> <td align="left">1844 </td> <td align="left">305 E. Boscawen Street </td> <td align="left">2008 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_sites">Other sites</h4></div> <p>In addition to the sites on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>, the following historic sites are in Winchester: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_Church_(Winchster,_Virginia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christ Church (Winchster, Virginia) (page does not exist)">Christ Church</a> (1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Shenandoah_Valley" title="Museum of the Shenandoah Valley">Museum of the Shenandoah Valley</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Court_House_Civil_War_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Court House Civil War Museum (page does not exist)">Old Court House Civil War Museum</a> (1840)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Town_Winchester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Town Winchester (page does not exist)">Old Town Winchester</a> (1738)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opequon_Presbyterian_Church_and_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opequon Presbyterian Church and Cemetery (page does not exist)">Opequon Presbyterian Church and Cemetery</a> (1736)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Lion_Tavern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Lion Tavern (page does not exist)">Red Lion Tavern</a> (1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley_Military_Academy" title="Shenandoah Valley Military Academy">Shenandoah Valley Military Academy</a> (1764)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Site_of_Historic_Fort_Loudoun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Site of Historic Fort Loudoun (page does not exist)">Site of Historic Fort Loudoun</a> (1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonewall Cemetery">Stonewall Cemetery</a> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurtz_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurtz Building (page does not exist)">Kurtz Building</a> (1836)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winchester_Confederate_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winchester Confederate Cemetery (page does not exist)">Winchester Confederate Cemetery</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winchester, Virginia is located in USA Virginia Frederick"><img alt="Winchester, Virginia is located in USA Virginia Frederick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Frederick.svg/300px-Frederick.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Frederick.svg/450px-Frederick.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Frederick.svg/600px-Frederick.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="503" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.629%;left:57.096%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Winchester"><img alt="Winchester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Winchester</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.981%;left:22.772%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:1px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Hardy_County,_West_Virginia" title="Hardy County, West Virginia">Hardy</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.094%;left:52.475%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:1px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_West_Virginia" title="Morgan County, West Virginia">Morgan</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.585%;left:63.861%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:1px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_County,_West_Virginia" title="Berkeley County, West Virginia">Berkeley</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.679%;left:35.149%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:1px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Hampshire_County,_West_Virginia" title="Hampshire County, West Virginia">Hampshire</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.962%;left:25.013%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:1px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_County,_Virginia" title="Shenandoah County, Virginia">Shenandoah</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.208%;left:65.347%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:1px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Virginia" title="Clarke County, Virginia">Clarke</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.208%;left:52.475%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:1px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Frederick County, Virginia">Frederick</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:74.528%;left:55.446%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-0px;top:-0px"></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:1px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Virginia" title="Warren County, Virginia">Warren</a></div></div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Frederick_County,_Virginia_with_Municipal_and_District_Labels.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Map_of_Frederick_County%2C_Virginia_with_Municipal_and_District_Labels.png/200px-Map_of_Frederick_County%2C_Virginia_with_Municipal_and_District_Labels.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Map_of_Frederick_County%2C_Virginia_with_Municipal_and_District_Labels.png/300px-Map_of_Frederick_County%2C_Virginia_with_Municipal_and_District_Labels.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Map_of_Frederick_County%2C_Virginia_with_Municipal_and_District_Labels.png/400px-Map_of_Frederick_County%2C_Virginia_with_Municipal_and_District_Labels.png 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Map of Winchester, Virginia, and the surrounding Frederick County (Winchester is independent of the county but is the county seat).</figcaption></figure> <p>Winchester is located at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Winchester,_Virginia&params=39.178_N_78.167_W_type:city_region:US-VA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°10′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">78°10′01″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.178°N 78.167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.178; -78.167</span></span></span></a></span></span>. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 9.3 square miles (24 km<sup>2</sup>), virtually all land.<sup id="cite_ref-GR1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is in the <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a>, located between the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains" title="Allegheny Mountains">Allegheny Mountains</a>, and is 15 miles north-northeast of the northern peak of <a href="/wiki/Massanutten_Mountain" title="Massanutten Mountain">Massanutten Mountain</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_81_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 81 in Virginia">I-81</a> passes through the city, along with <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_50_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 50 in Virginia">US 50</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_522#Virginia" title="U.S. Route 522">US 522</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_17_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 17 in Virginia">US 17</a>, which ends in the city, and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_7" title="Virginia State Route 7">SR 7</a>, which also ends in the city. The city is approximately 75 miles (121 km) to the west of Washington, D.C., 24 miles (39 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Martinsburg,_West_Virginia" title="Martinsburg, West Virginia">Martinsburg, West Virginia</a>, 25 miles (40 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Front_Royal,_Virginia" title="Front Royal, Virginia">Front Royal</a>, 118 miles (190 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg, PA</a> and 180 miles (290 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <p>The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Climate Classification">Köppen Climate Classification</a> system, Winchester has depending on which isotherm is used, either a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a>, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">hardiness zone</a> is 6b. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Winchester, Virginia (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1912–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">107<br />(42) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.1<br />(5.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.4<br />(7.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.4<br />(11.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.6<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.2<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.6<br />(28.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.1<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.5<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.7<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.4<br />(19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.0<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.7<br />(7.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">65.3<br />(18.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(−0.2) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.1<br />(5.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.0<br />(11.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.6<br />(16.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.3<br />(21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.0<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.2<br />(22.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.1<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.4<br />(12.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(6.7) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">53.2<br />(11.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(−6.0) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(−5.2) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(−1.8) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.9<br />(9.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.0<br />(14.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.8<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.9<br />(16.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.5<br />(11.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.4<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(−3.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.1<br />(5.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−18<br />(−28) </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−16<br />(−27) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6<br />(−21) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(−11) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28<br />(−2) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42<br />(6) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(−1) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(−9) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(−16) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6<br />(−21) </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−18<br />(−28) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.48<br />(63) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.23<br />(57) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.43<br />(87) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.22<br />(82) </td> <td style="background: #69FF69; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.94<br />(100) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.04<br />(103) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.82<br />(97) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.66<br />(93) </td> <td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.39<br />(112) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.05<br />(77) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.89<br />(73) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.81<br />(71) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.96<br />(1,015) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">122.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-nws_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nws-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>3,454</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>3,857</td><td></td><td>11.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>4,392</td><td></td><td>13.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>4,477</td><td></td><td>1.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>4,958</td><td></td><td>10.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>5,196</td><td></td><td>4.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>5,161</td><td></td><td>−0.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>5,864</td><td></td><td>13.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>6,883</td><td></td><td>17.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>10,855</td><td></td><td>57.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>12,095</td><td></td><td>11.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>13,841</td><td></td><td>14.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>15,110</td><td></td><td>9.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>14,643</td><td></td><td>−3.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>20,217</td><td></td><td>38.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>21,947</td><td></td><td>8.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>23,585</td><td></td><td>7.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>26,203</td><td></td><td>11.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>28,120</td><td></td><td>7.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1790-1960<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1900-1990<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1990-2000<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Winchester city, Virginia - Demographic Profile</b><br /> (<i>NH = Non-Hispanic</i>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity </th> <th>Pop 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th>% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>18,085 </td> <td>17,623 </td> <td>69.02% </td> <td>62.67% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>2,783 </td> <td>2,800 </td> <td>10.62% </td> <td>9.96% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>37 </td> <td>66 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>0.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>599 </td> <td>700 </td> <td>2.29% </td> <td>2.49% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>3 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>0.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Some Other Race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>57 </td> <td>135 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td>0.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed Race/Multi-Racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>598 </td> <td>1,288 </td> <td>2.28% </td> <td>4.58% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>4,041 </td> <td>5,494 </td> <td>15.42% </td> <td>19.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>26,203</b> </td> <td><b>28,120</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016_Census_estimates">2016 Census estimates</h3></div> <p>As of the census<sup id="cite_ref-Census_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 2016, the population of Winchester was 27,516. The number of people per square mile was 2957.1/mi<sup>2</sup>(1141.7/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 11,907 housing units at an average density of 1279.6 houses per square mile (494.1/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 81.1% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a> alone, 11.7% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.9% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 2.8% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 3.46% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 3.4% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 16.8% of the population. </p><p>There were 10,596 households with an average of 2.49 persons per household. 18.5% of these households spoke a language other than English in the home. The estimated house or condo value<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was $230,125. The median gross rent was $1,036. </p><p>In 2014<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The median age of the population was 37.6 years. 48.6% of the population was male vs 51.4% being female. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. </p><p>The median income<sup id="cite_ref-Census_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for a household (from 2012 to 2016) in the city was $46,466, while the per capita income was $26,984. An estimated 15% of the population was below the poverty line. As of September 2015<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the unemployment rate was 3.9% </p><p>Of those 25 years of age or older, 83.5% of the population<sup id="cite_ref-Census_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had earned a high school degree or higher from 2012 to 2016, with 31.3% of the population having completed a bachelor's degree or higher. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apple_Blossom">Apple Blossom</h2></div> <p>Winchester is the location of the annual <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Apple_Blossom_Festival" title="Shenandoah Apple Blossom Festival">Shenandoah Apple Blossom Festival</a>, which has existed since 1924. It is usually held during the first weekend in May. The festival includes a carnival, firework show, parades, several dances and parties, and a coronation where the Apple Blossom Queen is crowned. Local school systems and many businesses close the Friday of Apple Blossom weekend.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Winchester has more than 20 different "artistic" apples that are made of various materials including wood, rubber pipe, plaster, and paint. These apples were created in 2005 by occupants of the city, and were placed at a specific location at the artists' request after being auctioned off. For example, a bright red apple with a large stethoscope attached to it was placed beside a much-used entrance to the Winchester Medical Center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <p>Companies based in Winchester include <a href="/wiki/American_Woodmark" title="American Woodmark">American Woodmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trex_Company,_Inc." title="Trex Company, Inc.">Trex</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rubbermaid_Commercial_Products" title="Rubbermaid Commercial Products">Rubbermaid Commercial Products</a>. </p><p>Federal agencies with operations in Winchester include the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Record_manufacturing">Record manufacturing</h3></div> <p>Winchester was home to <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>' East Coast Pressing Plant. Capitol Records Distribution Corporation announced in 1968 the purchasing of land in Winchester, Va for a new record processing plant. Along with this plant they built several houses, bought a few small business and later built a tape production plant. The Winchester plant began construction in 1968 and production in 1969. The plant initially had a workforce of 250 people. This plant complemented the other existing manufacturing facilities of Capitol Records in Scranton, PA, Jacksonville, FL and Los Angeles, CA. In 1969 Capitol Records' Pressing Plant in Scranton began phasing out its vinyl manufacturing in favor of the new Winchester plant. Records pressed here include the Beatles' <i><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Road" title="Abbey Road">Abbey Road</a></i>, Simon and Garfunkel's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Concert_in_Central_Park" title="The Concert in Central Park">The Concert in Central Park</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor_(album)" title="Richard Pryor (album)">self-titled album</a>. Capitol Records announced in late 1987 that it would end tape duplicating production in the US, in favor of offshore manufacturing, including in Winchester by early 1988, putting more than 500 employees out of work when they closed the Winchester plant.<sup id="cite_ref-CapitolRecordsWinchester_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CapitolRecordsWinchester-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Top_employers">Top employers</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top_employers_2">Top employers</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rouss_City_Hall_-_corner_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Rouss_City_Hall_-_corner_view.jpg/220px-Rouss_City_Hall_-_corner_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Rouss_City_Hall_-_corner_view.jpg/330px-Rouss_City_Hall_-_corner_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Rouss_City_Hall_-_corner_view.jpg/440px-Rouss_City_Hall_-_corner_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="1670" /></a><figcaption>Winchester City Hall, February 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the City's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,<sup id="cite_ref-CAFR_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAFR-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the top employers in the city are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Employer </th> <th># of Employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Valley Health </td> <td>1,000 and over </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubbermaid_Commercial_Products" title="Rubbermaid Commercial Products">Rubbermaid Commercial Products</a> </td> <td>500 - 999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winchester_City_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester City Public Schools">Winchester City Public Schools</a> </td> <td>500 - 999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> </td> <td>500 - 999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_University" title="Shenandoah University">Shenandoah University</a> </td> <td>500 - 999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>City of Winchester </td> <td>500 - 999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Axiom Staffing Group </td> <td>500 - 999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin%27s_Food_Markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin's Food Markets">Martin's Food Markets</a> </td> <td>500 - 999 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trex_Company,_Inc." title="Trex Company, Inc.">Trex</a> </td> <td>250 - 499 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kohl%27s" title="Kohl's">Kohl's</a> </td> <td>250 - 499 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <p>Winchester is home to the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Royals" title="Winchester Royals">Winchester Royals</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WincRoyals_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WincRoyals-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is part of the <a href="/wiki/Valley_Baseball_League" title="Valley Baseball League">Valley Baseball League</a>, a <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a>-sanctioned <a href="/wiki/List_of_collegiate_summer_baseball_leagues" class="mw-redirect" title="List of collegiate summer baseball leagues">collegiate summer baseball league</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a> of Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutVBL_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutVBL-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_University" title="Shenandoah University">Shenandoah University</a> is located in Winchester and has numerous male and female sports in the Old Dominion Athletic Conference. Winchester is also home to the Winchester Speedway, a 3/8 mile clay oval track, which plays host to a number of touring series, such as the <a href="/wiki/World_of_Outlaws_Late_Model_Series" title="World of Outlaws Late Model Series">World of Outlaws Late Model Series</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Oil_Late_Model_Dirt_Series" title="Lucas Oil Late Model Dirt Series">Lucas Oil Late Model Dirt Series</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_highways">Major highways</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-07-09_13_36_14_View_south_along_Interstate_81_from_the_overpass_for_Virginia_State_Route_7_(Berryville_Avenue-Berryville_Pike)_in_Winchester,_Virginia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2019-07-09_13_36_14_View_south_along_Interstate_81_from_the_overpass_for_Virginia_State_Route_7_%28Berryville_Avenue-Berryville_Pike%29_in_Winchester%2C_Virginia.jpg/220px-2019-07-09_13_36_14_View_south_along_Interstate_81_from_the_overpass_for_Virginia_State_Route_7_%28Berryville_Avenue-Berryville_Pike%29_in_Winchester%2C_Virginia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2019-07-09_13_36_14_View_south_along_Interstate_81_from_the_overpass_for_Virginia_State_Route_7_%28Berryville_Avenue-Berryville_Pike%29_in_Winchester%2C_Virginia.jpg/330px-2019-07-09_13_36_14_View_south_along_Interstate_81_from_the_overpass_for_Virginia_State_Route_7_%28Berryville_Avenue-Berryville_Pike%29_in_Winchester%2C_Virginia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2019-07-09_13_36_14_View_south_along_Interstate_81_from_the_overpass_for_Virginia_State_Route_7_%28Berryville_Avenue-Berryville_Pike%29_in_Winchester%2C_Virginia.jpg/440px-2019-07-09_13_36_14_View_south_along_Interstate_81_from_the_overpass_for_Virginia_State_Route_7_%28Berryville_Avenue-Berryville_Pike%29_in_Winchester%2C_Virginia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>I-81 southbound at SR 7 in Winchester</figcaption></figure> <p>The most prominent highway serving Winchester is <a href="/wiki/Interstate_81_in_Virginia" title="Interstate 81 in Virginia">Interstate 81</a>. I-81 extends northeast to southwest, connecting Winchester to eastern <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, southwestern Virginia, eastern <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, western <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> and central <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Other highways passing through Winchester include <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_11_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 11 in Virginia">U.S. Route 11</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_17_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 17 in Virginia">U.S. Route 17</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_50_in_Virginia" title="U.S. Route 50 in Virginia">U.S. Route 50</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_522_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 522 in Virginia">U.S. Route 522</a>. These four highways follow city streets through downtown Winchester, with U.S. Route 17 coming to its northern terminus. <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_7" title="Virginia State Route 7">Virginia State Route 7</a> also serves Winchester, terminating in downtown. <a href="/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_37" title="Virginia State Route 37">Virginia State Route 37</a> bypasses the city to the west. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_Transportation">Public Transportation</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winchesterva.gov/transit/">Winchester Transit</a> provides weekday transit for the city of Winchester.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Regional_Airport" title="Winchester Regional Airport">Winchester Regional Airport</a> provides general aviation and air taxi service to the area.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyft" title="Lyft">Lyft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxicab</a> services</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century">18th century</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Aulick" title="John H. Aulick">John H. Aulick</a> (1787–1873), <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> officer and veteran of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briscoe_Baldwin" title="Briscoe Baldwin">Briscoe Baldwin</a> (1789–1852), Virginia delegate and member of the Constitutional Convention<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Boone" title="Rebecca Boone">Rebecca Boone</a> (1739–1813), pioneer and wife of frontiersman <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Frazier" title="Jane Frazier">Jane Frazier</a> (1735–1815), frontier woman<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Morgan" title="Daniel Morgan">Daniel Morgan</a> (1735–1802), major general of Virginia militia in Revolutionary War; buried at Mount Hebron cemetery<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presley_Neville" title="Presley Neville">Presley Neville</a> (1756–1818), general, Revolutionary War <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Lafayette" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis de Lafayette">Marquis de Lafayette</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayors_of_Pittsburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mayors of Pittsburgh">Chief Burgess</a> of the Borough of <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_White_(Virginia_politician)" title="Francis White (Virginia politician)">Francis White</a> (–1826), U.S. Representative<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(governor)" title="James Wood (governor)">James Wood</a> (1741–1813), brigadier general, Governor of Virginia, son of Winchester's founder<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Barton" title="Robert T. Barton">Robert T. Barton</a> (1842–1917), Virginia Delegate, Mayor of Winchester and Confederate veteran of the American Civil War<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rear Admiral <a href="/wiki/Admiral_Byrd" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral Byrd">Richard E. Byrd</a> (1888–1957), pioneering polar explorer <sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Snyder_Carlile" class="mw-redirect" title="John Snyder Carlile">John Snyder Carlile</a> (1817–1878), U.S. Senator, instrumental in the creation of <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>*U.S. Solicitor General<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hunter_McGuire_cropped_PD_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hunter_McGuire_cropped_PD_image.jpg/220px-Hunter_McGuire_cropped_PD_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Hunter_McGuire_cropped_PD_image.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hunter_McGuire" title="Hunter McGuire">Hunter McGuire</a></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Charles_Magill_Conrad" title="Charles Magill Conrad">Charles Magill Conrad</a> (1804–1878), Secretary of War under President Millard Fillmore<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Hunter_H._McGuire_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Dr._Hunter_H._McGuire_House.jpg/220px-Dr._Hunter_H._McGuire_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Dr._Hunter_H._McGuire_House.jpg/330px-Dr._Hunter_H._McGuire_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Dr._Hunter_H._McGuire_House.jpg/440px-Dr._Hunter_H._McGuire_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3618" data-file-height="2632" /></a><figcaption>Hunter McGuire's House</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmes_Conrad" title="Holmes Conrad">Holmes Conrad</a> (1840–1915), <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Attorney_General" title="United States Assistant Attorney General">United States Assistant Attorney General</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_the_United_States" title="Solicitor General of the United States">Solicitor General of the United States</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> and Confederate cavalry Major in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_William_Denver" class="mw-redirect" title="James William Denver">James William Denver</a> (1817–1892), briefly a Brigadier General in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and for whom the city of <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, Colorado, was named<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_H._Gardener" title="Helen H. Gardener">Helen H. Gardener</a> (1853–1925), rationalist orator and novelist<sup id="cite_ref-NCAB_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCAB-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._M._Holliday" title="Frederick W. M. Holliday">Frederick W. M. Holliday</a> (1828–1899), colonel of <a href="/wiki/33rd_Virginia_Infantry_Regiment" title="33rd Virginia Infantry Regiment">33rd Virginia Regiment, Provisional Army of the Confederate States</a>, member of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate Congress">Confederate Congress</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Virginia" title="Governor of Virginia">Governor of Virginia</a> from 1878 to 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hay_Lee" title="George Hay Lee">George Hay Lee</a> (1808–1873), United States judge<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Greenhow_Lee" title="Mary Greenhow Lee">Mary Greenhow Lee</a> (1819–1907), diarist during the Civil War.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Mason" title="James M. Mason">James M. Mason</a>, U.S. Senator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Peake_McDonald" title="Cornelia Peake McDonald">Cornelia Peake McDonald</a> (1822–1909), diarist during the Civil War<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_McGuire" title="Hunter McGuire">Hunter McGuire</a>, M.D. (1835–1900), Chief Surgeon of the Second "Jackson's" Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia. President of the <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Admiral <a href="/wiki/Louis_M._Nulton" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis M. Nulton">Louis M. Nulton</a> (1869-1954), <a href="/wiki/List_of_Superintendents_of_the_United_States_Naval_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Superintendents of the United States Naval Academy">superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy</a> (1925-1928) and Commander <a href="/wiki/Battle_Fleet" title="Battle Fleet">Battle Fleet</a> (1929-1930).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Winifred_Brown" title="Sara Winifred Brown">Sara Winifred Brown</a> (1868–1948), African American professor and doctor of gynecology. Founded the National Association of University Women, and was the first woman to serve as an alumni trustee of Howard University.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spot_Poles" title="Spot Poles">Spot Poles</a> (1887–1962), accomplished baseball player in the precursor to the <a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro leagues</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Innes_Randolph" title="James Innes Randolph">James Innes Randolph</a> (1837–1887), Confederate Army officer, lawyer, and poet<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyward_Shepherd_monument" title="Heyward Shepherd monument">Heyward Shepherd</a> (†1859), Black baggage porter on the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_%26_Ohio_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore & Ohio Railroad">Baltimore & Ohio Railroad</a>, first person killed during <a href="/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a <a href="/wiki/Heyward_Shepherd_monument" title="Heyward Shepherd monument">monument to him</a> in Harpers Ferry.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_Tucker_(1823%E2%80%931897)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Randolph Tucker (1823–1897)">John Randolph Tucker</a> (1823-1897), U.S. Representative from Virginia<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_T._Walls" title="Josiah T. Walls">Josiah T. Walls</a> (1842–1905), first African-American U.S. congressman from Florida<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_2">20th century</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_McGuire" title="Tucker McGuire">Anne Tucker McGuire</a> (1913–1988) was an American-born actress who appeared largely in British films and television<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bageant" title="Joe Bageant">Joe Bageant</a> (1946–2011), writer and journalist<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Benben" title="Brian Benben">Brian Benben</a> (1956–), actor<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madison_Spencer_Briscoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madison Spencer Briscoe (page does not exist)">Madison Spencer Briscoe</a> (1904-1995), scientist, educator <sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd_Jr." title="Harry F. Byrd Jr.">Harry F. Byrd Jr.</a> (1914–2013), politician and U.S. Senator<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lang_Campbell" title="Lang Campbell">Lang Campbell</a> (1981–), professional football quarterback<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a> (1932–1963), country/pop vocalist and music icon, born in Winchester,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> interred at Shenandoah Memorial Park.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Creek" title="Doug Creek">Doug Creek</a> (1969–), professional baseball player<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Dallas" title="Claude Dallas">Claude Dallas</a> (1950–), self-styled mountain man convicted of voluntary manslaughter in the deaths of two game wardens in <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_DeHaven" title="Penny DeHaven">Penny DeHaven</a> (1948–2014), country music singer<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilkerson" title="John Gilkerson">John Gilkerson</a> (1985–), professional soccer player<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erick_Green" title="Erick Green">Erick Green</a> (1991–), professional basketball player<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Holt_(actor)" title="Jack Holt (actor)">Jack Holt</a> (1888–1951), actor<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kirby_(musician)" title="John Kirby (musician)">John Kirby</a> (1908–1952), jazz musician<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_McFarland" title="Mark McFarland">Mark McFarland</a> (1978–), NASCAR driver<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_McTavish" title="Devon McTavish">Devon McTavish</a> (1984–), professional soccer player with <a href="/wiki/D.C._United" title="D.C. United">D.C. United</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Kenneth_Robinson" title="J. Kenneth Robinson">J. Kenneth Robinson</a> (1916–1990), U.S. Representative<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a> (1958–), presidential candidate, former U.S. senator<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Whiting" title="Henry H. Whiting">Henry H. Whiting</a> (1923–2012), Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Howard_Wight" title="Emma Howard Wight">Emma Howard Wight</a> (1863–1935), author<sup id="cite_ref-25jun1935-TimDis_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25jun1935-TimDis-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_%22Clayster%22_Eubanks" class="mw-redirect" title="James "Clayster" Eubanks">James "Clayster" Eubanks</a> (1992–), professional <i><a href="/wiki/Call_of_Duty" title="Call of Duty">Call of Duty</a></i> player<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ecuador.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/25px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/38px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/50px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_Ambato" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan de Ambato">Ambato</a>, Ecuador</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester, England">Winchester</a>, United Kingdom</li></ul> <p>Winchester's first sister city, <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, England, is where the Virginia town gets its name. During the Eisenhower administration, Winchester also formalized a sister city relationship with <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_Ambato" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan de Ambato">Ambato, Ecuador</a>.<br /> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:A panoramic view of old town Winchester;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winchester_2014-04-14_15-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of old town Winchester"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Winchester_2014-04-14_15-18.jpg/1000px-Winchester_2014-04-14_15-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Winchester_2014-04-14_15-18.jpg/1500px-Winchester_2014-04-14_15-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Winchester_2014-04-14_15-18.jpg/2000px-Winchester_2014-04-14_15-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2276" data-file-height="458" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Winchester_2014-04-14_15-18.jpg" title="File:Winchester 2014-04-14 15-18.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of old town Winchester</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Public_Schools_(Virginia)" title="Winchester Public Schools (Virginia)">Winchester Public Schools</a> operates public schools, including <a href="/wiki/John_Handley_High_School" title="John Handley High School">John Handley High School</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <table align="center" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"> <caption><b>Presidential Elections Results</b><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th>Others </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2020">2020</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">43.1% <i>5,221</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>54.6%</b> <i>6,610</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">2.3% <i>275</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2016">2016</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">44.9% <i>4,790</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>48.4%</b> <i>5,164</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">6.7% <i>711</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2012">2012</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.0% <i>4,946</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>49.5%</b> <i>5,094</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">2.5% <i>256</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2008">2008</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">46.7% <i>4,725</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>52.0%</b> <i>5,268</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">1.3% <i>133</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2004">2004</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>56.6%</b> <i>5,283</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">42.5% <i>3,967</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">1.0% <i>93</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 2000">2000</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>54.7%</b> <i>4,314</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">42.1% <i>3,318</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">3.2% <i>254</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1996">1996</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>51.0%</b> <i>3,681</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">41.9% <i>3,027</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">7.1% <i>514</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1992">1992</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>49.8%</b> <i>3,833</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">35.9% <i>2,768</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">14.3% <i>1,100</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1988">1988</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>65.5%</b> <i>4,497</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">33.5% <i>2,300</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">1.0% <i>65</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1984">1984</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>70.7%</b> <i>5,055</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">28.9% <i>2,064</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">0.5% <i>33</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1980">1980</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>64.0%</b> <i>4,240</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">30.3% <i>2,006</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">5.7% <i>377</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1976">1976</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>62.9%</b> <i>4,075</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">36.2% <i>2,346</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">1.0% <i>63</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1972">1972</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>75.6%</b> <i>4,647</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">23.1% <i>1,418</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">1.4% <i>86</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1968">1968</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>55.8%</b> <i>2,695</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">28.1% <i>1,360</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">16.1% <i>778</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1964">1964</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.1% <i>2,180</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>50.8%</b> <i>2,254</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">0.1% <i>3</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1960" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1960">1960</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>65.6%</b> <i>2,326</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">33.9% <i>1,203</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">0.5% <i>16</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1956" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1956">1956</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>69.5%</b> <i>2,375</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">27.6% <i>945</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">2.9% <i>99</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1952">1952</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>69.2%</b> <i>2,375</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">30.7% <i>1,055</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">0.1% <i>2</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1948">1948</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>50.0%</b> <i>1,272</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">35.1% <i>894</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">14.9% <i>380</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1944" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1944">1944</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>52.1%</b> <i>1,095</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.6% <i>1,000</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">0.3% <i>7</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1940" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1940">1940</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.7% <i>945</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>53.9%</b> <i>1,114</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">0.4% <i>8</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1936">1936</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">40.1% <i>743</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>59.2%</b> <i>1,096</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">0.7% <i>12</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1932" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1932">1932</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">36.5% <i>698</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>61.7%</b> <i>1,179</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">1.7% <i>33</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1928" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1928">1928</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>59.5%</b> <i>1,168</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">40.5% <i>794</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1924" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1924">1924</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">33.4% <i>420</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>65.2%</b> <i>820</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">1.4% <i>18</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1920" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1920">1920</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.5% <i>540</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>56.6%</b> <i>736</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">1.9% <i>24</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1916" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1916">1916</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">28.7% <i>196</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>68.4%</b> <i>468</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">2.9% <i>20</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Virginia,_1912" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Virginia, 1912">1912</a></b> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">20.8% <i>141</i> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><b>66.0%</b> <i>447</i> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:honeyDew;">13.2% <i>89</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_Council">Common Council</h3></div> <p>Winchester's follows a <a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council-Manager</a> form of government. It is governed by the Common Council, an elected body within a ward system. The city is composed of four wards, each with 2 councilmen, with the city's mayor serving as the ninth representative and leader of the council. While the council began as a 13-member board, it transitioned from 13 to 9, beginning in 2006 and ending in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_Council_Members">City Council Members</h3></div> <ul><li>Mayor: John David Smith Jr. (D)</li> <li>Ward 1: Les Veach (R), Richard Bell (D)</li> <li>Ward 2: Evan Clark (D), John Hill (D)</li> <li>Ward 3: Kim Herbstritt (D), Corey Sullivan (R)</li> <li>Ward 4: Madelyn "Mady" Rodriguez (D), Philip Milstead (D)</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winchesterva.gov/government/meet-mayor">"Meet the Mayor"</a>. <i>City of Winchester</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Winchester&rft.atitle=Meet+the+Mayor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.winchesterva.gov%2Fgovernment%2Fmeet-mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2019_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_51.txt">"2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2019_Gazetteer%2F2019_gaz_place_51.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"U.S. Census website"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+website&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR3_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.usgs.gov">"US Board on Geographic Names"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. October 25, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Board+on+Geographic+Names&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2007-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.usgs.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR6_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">"Find a County"</a>. National Association of Counties<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+a+County&rft.pub=National+Association+of+Counties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naco.org%2FCounties%2FPages%2FFindACounty.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US5184096427">"Winchester city, Winchester city, Virginia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=Winchester+city%2C+Winchester+city%2C+Virginia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Fprofile%3Fg%3D0600000US5184096427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carrie Hunter Willis and Etta Belle Walker, 1937, <i>Legends of the Skyline Drive and the Great Valley of Virginia</i>, p. 16-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Doddridge, <i>A History of the Valley of Virginia</i>, 1850, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Hackett_Fischer" title="David Hackett Fischer">David Hackett Fischer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Albion%27s_Seed:_Four_British_Folkways_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America">Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America</a></i>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Doddridge, <i>A History of the Valley of Virginia</i>, 1850, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Gardens_of_Glen_Burnie-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Gardens_of_Glen_Burnie_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Gardens_of_Glen_Burnie_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee2003" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Marge (2003). <i>The Gardens of Glen Burnie</i>. The Glass-Glen Burnie Museum Inc., Winchester, VA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9743109-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9743109-0-9"><bdi>978-0-9743109-0-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gardens+of+Glen+Burnie&rft.pub=The+Glass-Glen+Burnie+Museum+Inc.%2C+Winchester%2C+VA&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-9743109-0-9&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Marge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historical Statement Relative to the Town of Winchester</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beginnings-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-beginnings_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreene1926" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Katherine Glass (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NyqePxwLkVoC"><i>Winchester, Virginia And Its Beginnings, 1743-1814</i></a>. Shenandoah Publishing House. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780788420627" title="Special:BookSources/9780788420627"><bdi>9780788420627</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winchester%2C+Virginia+And+Its+Beginnings%2C+1743-1814&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Shenandoah+Publishing+House&rft.date=1926&rft.isbn=9780788420627&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Katherine+Glass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNyqePxwLkVoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Official_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Records">Official Records</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/First_Military_District#start_entry">"First Military District"</a>. <i>www.encyclopediavirginia.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopediavirginia.org&rft.atitle=First+Military+District&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediavirginia.org%2FFirst_Military_District%23start_entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForbes" class="citation web cs1">Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/places/va/winchester/">"Winchester, VA"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Winchester%2C+VA&rft.au=Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fplaces%2Fva%2Fwinchester%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Report of the Secretary of the Commonwealth to the Governor and General Assembly of Virginia. (1918).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhinehart-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rhinehart_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061008231849/http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0302772">"Rhinehart Tire Fire Dump"</a>. <i>Superfund Information Systems</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cfpub1.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0302772">the original</a> on October 8, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Superfund+Information+Systems&rft.atitle=Rhinehart+Tire+Fire+Dump&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcfpub1.epa.gov%2Fsupercpad%2Fcursites%2Fcsitinfo.cfm%3Fid%3D0302772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimesFire-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TimesFire_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1983/12/04/086296.html?pageNumber=92">"Experts Learning on the Job Fighting Fire in Pile of Tires"</a>. <i>timesmachine.nytimes.com</i>. December 3, 1983<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Middle+East+District+%3E+Contact&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tam.usace.army.mil%2FContact.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CapitolRecordsWinchester-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CapitolRecordsWinchester_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discogs.com/label/Capitol+Records+Pressing+Plant%2C+Winchester">"Capitol Records Pressing Plant, Winchester"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Capitol+Records+Pressing+Plant%2C+Winchester&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2Flabel%2FCapitol%2BRecords%2BPressing%2BPlant%252C%2BWinchester&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAFR-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CAFR_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winchesterva.gov/sites/default/files/documents/finance/fy16-cafr-reissue-5-11-17.pdf">"City of Winchester, Virginia Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, for the Year ended June 30, 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.winchesterva.gov/sites/default/files/documents/finance/fy16-cafr-reissue-5-11-17.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Winchester%2C+Virginia+Comprehensive+Annual+Financial+Report%2C+for+the+Year+ended+June+30%2C+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.winchesterva.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Ffinance%2Ffy16-cafr-reissue-5-11-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WincRoyals-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WincRoyals_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eteamz.com/winchesterroyals/">"Winchester Royals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Valley_Baseball_League" title="Valley Baseball League">Valley Baseball League</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winchester+Royals&rft.pub=Valley+Baseball+League&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eteamz.com%2Fwinchesterroyals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AboutVBL-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AboutVBL_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825052051/http://www.valleyleaguebaseball.com/view/valleyleague">"Valley League Baseball"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Valley_Baseball_League" title="Valley Baseball League">Valley Baseball League</a>. 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(March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/profile/6000000013271997205/events/6000000013271892854">"Death of Jane Frazier"</a>. <i>www.geni.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bernard (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/view/1761">"Presley Neville"</a>. <i>The Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine</i>. <b>19</b>: 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Western+Pennsylvania+Historical+Magazine&rft.atitle=Presley+Neville&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=J.+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.psu.edu%2Fwph%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMunskeKerns2004" class="citation book cs1">Munske, Roberta R.; Kerns, Wilmer L., eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GOP+Candidate+Rick+Santorum%27s+Daughter+Hospitalized+In+Virginia&rft.pub=CBS&rft.date=2012-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwashington.cbslocal.com%2F2012%2F01%2F31%2Fgop-candidate-rick-santorums-daughter-hospitalized-in-virginia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25jun1935-TimDis-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25jun1935-TimDis_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/615454928/?terms=Emma%20Howard%20Wight&match=1">"Miss Emma Howard Wight"</a>. <i>The Times Dispatch</i>. June 25, 1935. p. 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2021</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+Dispatch&rft.atitle=Miss+Emma+Howard+Wight&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1935-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F615454928%2F%3Fterms%3DEmma%2520Howard%2520Wight%26match%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTsukayama2015" class="citation web cs1">Tsukayama, Hayley (May 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/05/01/five-ways-professional-gaming-is-like-any-other-sport/">"Five ways professional gaming is like any other sport"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Five+ways+professional+gaming+is+like+any+other+sport&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.aulast=Tsukayama&rft.aufirst=Hayley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-switch%2Fwp%2F2015%2F05%2F01%2Ffive-ways-professional-gaming-is-like-any-other-sport%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeip" class="citation web cs1">Leip, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS">"Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections"</a>. <i>uselectionatlas.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uselectionatlas.org&rft.atitle=Dave+Leip%27s+Atlas+of+U.S.+Presidential+Elections&rft.aulast=Leip&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved 2020-12-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winchesterva.gov/government">"About the City Government"</a>. <i>Government</i>. City of Winchester<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 706–707.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Winchester&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=706-707&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinchester%2C+Virginia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winchesterva.gov">Official City of Winchester website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitwinchesterva.com">Official Winchester-Frederick County tourism website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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Virginia">Slavery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Virginia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Virginia" title="Housing in Virginia">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Virginia" title="Law of Virginia">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Virginia" title="Gun laws in Virginia">Gun laws in Virginia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Virginia">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Virginia" title="Music of Virginia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Virginia" title="List of people from Virginia">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Declaration_of_Rights" title="Virginia Declaration of Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Virginia" title="List of rivers of Virginia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Virginia" title="Scouting in Virginia">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_is_for_Lovers" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia is for Lovers">Slogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_teams_in_Virginia" title="Sports teams in Virginia">Sports teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Fair_of_Virginia" title="State Fair of Virginia">State Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Virginia_state_parks" title="List of Virginia state parks">State parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Virginia_state_symbols" title="List of Virginia state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Virginia" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Virginia">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Virginia" title="Transportation in Virginia">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_tribes_in_Virginia" title="Native American tribes in Virginia">Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Virginia" title="Culture of Virginia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Virginia" title="Abortion in Virginia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Virginia" title="Crime in Virginia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Virginia" title="Demographics of Virginia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Virginia" title="Economy of Virginia">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Virginia" title="Education in Virginia">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Virginia" title="List of colleges and universities in Virginia">Colleges and universities</a></li></ul></li> <li>Media <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Virginia" title="List of newspapers in Virginia">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Virginia" title="List of radio stations in Virginia">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Virginia" title="List of television stations in Virginia">TV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Virginia" title="Politics of Virginia">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Virginia" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains" title="Allegheny Mountains">Allegheny Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_coastal_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic coastal plain">Atlantic Coastal Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Mountains" title="Cumberland Mountains">Cumberland Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmarva_Peninsula" title="Delmarva Peninsula">Delmarva Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shore_of_Virginia" title="Eastern Shore of Virginia">Eastern Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Peninsula" title="Middle Peninsula">Middle Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Neck" title="Northern Neck">Northern Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Virginia" title="Northern Virginia">Northern Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_region_of_Virginia" title="Piedmont region of Virginia">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Hampton_Roads" title="South Hampton Roads">South Hampton Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_(Virginia)" title="Southside (Virginia)">Southside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Virginia" title="Southwest Virginia">Southwest Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley" title="Tennessee Valley">Tennessee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidewater_(region)" title="Tidewater (region)">Tidewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Cities,_Virginia" title="Tri-Cities, Virginia">Tri-Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Peninsula" title="Virginia Peninsula">Virginia Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Virginia" title="Western Virginia">Western Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_statistical_areas" title="Virginia statistical areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blacksburg%E2%80%93Christiansburg_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Blacksburg–Christiansburg metropolitan area">Blacksburg-Christiansburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefield_micropolitan_area" title="Bluefield micropolitan area">Bluefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsport%E2%80%93Bristol%E2%80%93Bristol,_Tennessee-Virginia_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol, Tennessee-Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia_metropolitan_area" title="Charlottesville, Virginia metropolitan area">Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia_micropolitan_area" title="Danville, Virginia micropolitan area">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg_metropolitan_area" title="Harrisonburg metropolitan area">Harrisonburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynchburg_metropolitan_area" title="Lynchburg metropolitan area">Lynchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Virginia_micropolitan_area" title="Martinsville, Virginia micropolitan area">Martinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Richmond_Region" title="Greater Richmond Region">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_metropolitan_area" title="Roanoke metropolitan area">Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton%E2%80%93Waynesboro_metropolitan_area" title="Staunton–Waynesboro metropolitan area">Staunton-Waynesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Roads" title="Hampton Roads">Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area" title="Washington metropolitan area">Washington-Arlington-Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_VA%E2%80%93WV_MSA" title="Winchester, VA–WV MSA">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_counties_in_Virginia" title="List of cities and counties in Virginia">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accomack_County,_Virginia" title="Accomack County, Virginia">Accomack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albemarle_County,_Virginia" title="Albemarle County, Virginia">Albemarle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alleghany_County,_Virginia" title="Alleghany County, Virginia">Alleghany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_County,_Virginia" title="Amelia County, Virginia">Amelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amherst_County,_Virginia" title="Amherst County, Virginia">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox_County,_Virginia" title="Appomattox County, Virginia">Appomattox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_County,_Virginia" title="Augusta County, Virginia">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_County,_Virginia" title="Bath County, Virginia">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_County,_Virginia" title="Bedford County, Virginia">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bland_County,_Virginia" title="Bland County, Virginia">Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botetourt_County,_Virginia" title="Botetourt County, Virginia">Botetourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_County,_Virginia" title="Brunswick County, Virginia">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_County,_Virginia" title="Buchanan County, Virginia">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_County,_Virginia" title="Buckingham County, Virginia">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_County,_Virginia" title="Campbell County, Virginia">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_County,_Virginia" title="Caroline County, Virginia">Caroline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Virginia" title="Carroll County, Virginia">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_City_County,_Virginia" title="Charles City County, Virginia">Charles City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_County,_Virginia" title="Charlotte County, Virginia">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_County,_Virginia" title="Chesterfield County, Virginia">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Virginia" title="Clarke County, Virginia">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_County,_Virginia" title="Craig County, Virginia">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culpeper_County,_Virginia" title="Culpeper County, Virginia">Culpeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Virginia" title="Cumberland County, Virginia">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickenson_County,_Virginia" title="Dickenson County, Virginia">Dickenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinwiddie_County,_Virginia" title="Dinwiddie County, Virginia">Dinwiddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Virginia" title="Essex County, Virginia">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauquier_County,_Virginia" title="Fauquier County, Virginia">Fauquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_County,_Virginia" title="Floyd County, Virginia">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvanna_County,_Virginia" title="Fluvanna County, Virginia">Fluvanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Virginia" title="Franklin County, Virginia">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Frederick County, Virginia">Frederick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_County,_Virginia" title="Giles County, Virginia">Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_County,_Virginia" title="Gloucester County, Virginia">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goochland_County,_Virginia" title="Goochland County, Virginia">Goochland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayson_County,_Virginia" title="Grayson County, Virginia">Grayson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Virginia" title="Greene County, Virginia">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensville_County,_Virginia" title="Greensville County, Virginia">Greensville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_County,_Virginia" title="Halifax County, Virginia">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_County,_Virginia" title="Hanover County, Virginia">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrico_County,_Virginia" title="Henrico County, Virginia">Henrico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Virginia" title="Henry County, Virginia">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_County,_Virginia" title="Highland County, Virginia">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_County,_Virginia" title="Isle of Wight County, Virginia">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_City_County,_Virginia" title="James City County, Virginia">James City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_Queen_County,_Virginia" title="King and Queen County, Virginia">King and Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George_County,_Virginia" title="King George County, Virginia">King George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_William_County,_Virginia" title="King William County, Virginia">King William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Virginia" title="Lancaster County, Virginia">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Virginia" title="Lee County, Virginia">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_County,_Virginia" title="Louisa County, Virginia">Louisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg_County,_Virginia" title="Lunenburg County, Virginia">Lunenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Virginia" title="Madison County, Virginia">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews_County,_Virginia" title="Mathews County, Virginia">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg_County,_Virginia" title="Mecklenburg County, Virginia">Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Virginia" title="Middlesex County, Virginia">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Virginia" title="Montgomery County, Virginia">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_County,_Virginia" title="Nelson County, Virginia">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kent_County,_Virginia" title="New Kent County, Virginia">New Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_County,_Virginia" title="Northampton County, Virginia">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Virginia" title="Northumberland County, Virginia">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottoway_County,_Virginia" title="Nottoway County, Virginia">Nottoway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Virginia" title="Orange County, Virginia">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_County,_Virginia" title="Page County, Virginia">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_County,_Virginia" title="Patrick County, Virginia">Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Pittsylvania County, Virginia">Pittsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powhatan_County,_Virginia" title="Powhatan County, Virginia">Powhatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_County,_Virginia" title="Prince Edward County, Virginia">Prince Edward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_County,_Virginia" title="Prince George County, Virginia">Prince George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Virginia" title="Pulaski County, Virginia">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rappahannock_County,_Virginia" title="Rappahannock County, Virginia">Rappahannock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_County,_Virginia" title="Richmond County, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_County,_Virginia" title="Roanoke County, Virginia">Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockbridge_County,_Virginia" title="Rockbridge County, Virginia">Rockbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockingham_County,_Virginia" title="Rockingham County, Virginia">Rockingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_County,_Virginia" title="Russell County, Virginia">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Virginia" title="Scott County, Virginia">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_County,_Virginia" title="Shenandoah County, Virginia">Shenandoah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyth_County,_Virginia" title="Smyth County, Virginia">Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_County,_Virginia" title="Southampton County, Virginia">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_County,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania County, Virginia">Spotsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_County,_Virginia" title="Stafford County, Virginia">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surry_County,_Virginia" title="Surry County, Virginia">Surry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_County,_Virginia" title="Sussex County, Virginia">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazewell_County,_Virginia" title="Tazewell County, Virginia">Tazewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Virginia" title="Warren County, Virginia">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Virginia" title="Washington County, Virginia">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmoreland_County,_Virginia" title="Westmoreland County, Virginia">Westmoreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wise_County,_Virginia" title="Wise County, Virginia">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wythe_County,_Virginia" title="Wythe County, Virginia">Wythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_County,_Virginia" title="York County, Virginia">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)#Virginia" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Virginia" title="Bristol, Virginia">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista,_Virginia" title="Buena Vista, Virginia">Buena Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Heights,_Virginia" title="Colonial Heights, Virginia">Colonial Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Virginia" title="Covington, Virginia">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia" title="Danville, Virginia">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporia,_Virginia" title="Emporia, Virginia">Emporia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Virginia" title="Franklin, Virginia">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galax,_Virginia" title="Galax, Virginia">Galax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia" title="Harrisonburg, Virginia">Harrisonburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell,_Virginia" title="Hopewell, Virginia">Hopewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Virginia" title="Lexington, Virginia">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia" title="Manassas Park, Virginia">Manassas Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Virginia" title="Martinsville, Virginia">Martinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton,_Virginia" title="Norton, Virginia">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poquoson,_Virginia" title="Poquoson, Virginia">Poquoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia" title="Portsmouth, Virginia">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radford,_Virginia" title="Radford, Virginia">Radford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Virginia" title="Salem, Virginia">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton,_Virginia" title="Staunton, Virginia">Staunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk,_Virginia" title="Suffolk, Virginia">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waynesboro,_Virginia" title="Waynesboro, Virginia">Waynesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Virginia" title="Portal:Virginia">Virginia portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Frederick_County,_Virginia,_United_States489" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Template:Frederick County, Virginia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Template talk:Frederick County, Virginia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Frederick County, Virginia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Frederick_County,_Virginia,_United_States489" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Frederick County, Virginia"><span class="region">Frederick County, Virginia</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Winchester</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town#Virginia" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Virginia" title="Middletown, Virginia">Middletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephens_City,_Virginia" title="Stephens City, Virginia">Stephens City</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Virginia highlighting Frederick County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Map_of_Virginia_highlighting_Frederick_County.svg/180px-Map_of_Virginia_highlighting_Frederick_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Map_of_Virginia_highlighting_Frederick_County.svg/270px-Map_of_Virginia_highlighting_Frederick_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Map_of_Virginia_highlighting_Frederick_County.svg/360px-Map_of_Virginia_highlighting_Frederick_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2495" data-file-height="1082" /></span><figcaption>Map of Virginia highlighting Frederick County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brucetown,_Virginia" title="Brucetown, Virginia">Brucetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore,_Virginia" title="Gore, Virginia">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Holiday,_Virginia" title="Lake Holiday, Virginia">Lake Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee_Land,_Virginia" title="Shawnee Land, Virginia">Shawneeland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albin,_Virginia" title="Albin, Virginia">Albin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armel,_Virginia" title="Armel, Virginia">Armel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartonsville,_Virginia" title="Bartonsville, Virginia">Bartonsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_Factory,_Virginia" title="Burnt Factory, Virginia">Burnt Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterburg,_Virginia" title="Canterburg, Virginia">Canterburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Grove,_Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Cedar Grove, Frederick County, Virginia">Cedar Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Hill,_Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Cedar Hill, Frederick County, Virginia">Cedar Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Brook,_Virginia" title="Clear Brook, Virginia">Clear Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Junction,_Virginia" title="Cross Junction, Virginia">Cross Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Haven,_Virginia" title="De Haven, Virginia">De Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainesboro,_Virginia" title="Gainesboro, Virginia">Gainesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_Springs,_Virginia" title="Gravel Springs, Virginia">Gravel Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Spring,_Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Green Spring, Frederick County, Virginia">Green Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimes,_Virginia" title="Grimes, Virginia">Grimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayfield,_Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Hayfield, Frederick County, Virginia">Hayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Hollow,_Virginia" title="Indian Hollow, Virginia">Indian Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Springs,_Virginia" title="Jordan Springs, Virginia">Jordan Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernstown,_Virginia" title="Kernstown, Virginia">Kernstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kline%27s_Mill,_Virginia" title="Kline's Mill, Virginia">Kline's Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leetown,_Virginia" title="Leetown, Virginia">Leetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlboro,_Virginia" title="Marlboro, Virginia">Marlboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McQuire,_Virginia" title="McQuire, Virginia">McQuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Mills,_Virginia" title="Meadow Mills, Virginia">Meadow Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Mount Pleasant, Frederick County, Virginia">Mount Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Williams,_Virginia" title="Mount Williams, Virginia">Mount Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Falls,_Virginia" title="Mountain Falls, Virginia">Mountain Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Falls_Park,_Virginia" title="Mountain Falls Park, Virginia">Mountain Falls Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nain,_Virginia" title="Nain, Virginia">Nain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opequon,_Virginia" title="Opequon, Virginia">Opequon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkins_Mills,_Virginia" title="Parkins Mills, Virginia">Parkins Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest,_Virginia" title="Rest, Virginia">Rest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_Store,_Virginia" title="Reynolds Store, Virginia">Reynolds Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridings_Mill,_Virginia" title="Ridings Mill, Virginia">Ridings Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Enon_Springs,_Virginia" title="Rock Enon Springs, Virginia">Rock Enon Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Hill,_Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="Round Hill, Frederick County, Virginia">Round Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shockeysville,_Virginia" title="Shockeysville, Virginia">Shockeysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siler,_Virginia" title="Siler, Virginia">Siler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Tannery,_Virginia" title="Star Tannery, Virginia">Star Tannery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephenson,_Virginia" title="Stephenson, Virginia">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaucluse,_Virginia" title="Vaucluse, Virginia">Vaucluse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welltown,_Virginia" title="Welltown, Virginia">Welltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitacre,_Virginia" title="Whitacre, Virginia">Whitacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hall,_Frederick_County,_Virginia" title="White Hall, Frederick County, Virginia">White Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilde_Acres,_Virginia" title="Wilde Acres, Virginia">Wilde Acres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Virginia_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Virginia (state)"><span>Virginia portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Frederick_County,_Virginia,_in_the_American_Civil_War1897" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Frederick_County,_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Template:Frederick County, Virginia in the American Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Frederick_County,_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Frederick County, Virginia in the American Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Frederick_County,_Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Frederick County, Virginia in the American Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Frederick_County,_Virginia,_in_the_American_Civil_War1897" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winchester_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester in the American Civil War">Frederick County, Virginia, in the American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Kernstown" title="First Battle of Kernstown">First Battle of Kernstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Winchester" title="First Battle of Winchester">First Battle of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Winchester_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Winchester II">Second Battle of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cool_Spring" title="Battle of Cool Spring">Battle of Snicker's Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rutherford%27s_Farm" title="Battle of Rutherford's Farm">Battle of Rutherford's Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kernstown_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kernstown II">Second Battle of Kernstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berryville" title="Battle of Berryville">Battle of Berryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Opequon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Opequon">Third Battle of Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedar_Creek" title="Battle of Cedar Creek">Battle of Cedar Creek (or Belle Grove)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Raids and expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_operations_against_the_B%26O_Railroad_(1861)" title="Jackson's operations against the B&O Railroad (1861)">Great Train Raid of 1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Brown%27s_Raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="Template:John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Virginia_v._John_Brown" title="Virginia v. John Brown">Virginia v. John Brown</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romney_Expedition" title="Romney Expedition">Romney Expedition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Virginia_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="33rd Virginia Infantry">33rd Virginia Infantry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turner_Ashby" title="Turner Ashby">Turner Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathaniel Banks">Nathaniel Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watson_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="Watson Brown (abolitionist)">Watson Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Copeland" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. Copeland">John A. Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shields_Green" title="Shields Green">Shields Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._M._Holliday" title="Frederick W. M. Holliday">Frederick W. M. Holliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Stonewall Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Greenhow_Lee" title="Mary Greenhow Lee">Mary Greenhow Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Mason" title="James M. Mason">James M. Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Peake_McDonald" title="Cornelia Peake McDonald">Cornelia Peake McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_McGuire" title="Hunter McGuire">Hunter McGuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Parker_(congressman)" title="Richard Parker (congressman)">Richard Parker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Places and tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Creek_and_Belle_Grove_National_Historical_Park" title="Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park">Belle Grove Plantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Creek_and_Belle_Grove_National_Historical_Park" title="Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park">Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Collier" title="Fort Collier">Fort Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Shenandoah_Valley" title="Museum of the Shenandoah Valley">Museum of the Shenandoah Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_County_Courthouse" title="Frederick County Courthouse">Shenandoah Valley Civil War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Confederate_Cemetery" title="Stonewall Confederate Cemetery">Stonewall Confederate Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson%27s_Headquarters_Museum" title="Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum">Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Winchester" title="Third Battle of Winchester">Third Winchester Battlefield Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Winchester_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning of Winchester Medical College">Winchester Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_National_Cemetery" title="Winchester National Cemetery">Winchester National Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_and_independent_cities_of_Virginia92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virginia_county_seats_and_independent_cities" title="Template:Virginia county seats and independent cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virginia_county_seats_and_independent_cities" title="Template talk:Virginia county seats and independent cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia_county_seats_and_independent_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virginia county seats and independent cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_and_independent_cities_of_Virginia92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">independent cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County_seats_of_Virginia32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abingdon,_Virginia" title="Abingdon, Virginia">Abingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accomac,_Virginia" title="Accomac, Virginia">Accomac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Court_House,_Virginia" title="Amelia Court House, Virginia">Amelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Virginia" title="Amherst, Virginia">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appomattox,_Virginia" title="Appomattox, Virginia">Appomattox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford,_Virginia" title="Bedford, Virginia">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berryville,_Virginia" title="Berryville, Virginia">Berryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bland,_Virginia" title="Bland, Virginia">Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Virginia" title="Bowling Green, Virginia">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boydton,_Virginia" title="Boydton, Virginia">Boydton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham,_Virginia" title="Buckingham, Virginia">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_City,_Virginia" title="Charles City, Virginia">Charles City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Court_House,_Virginia" title="Charlotte Court House, Virginia">Charlotte Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Virginia" title="Chatham, Virginia">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesterfield, Virginia">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiansburg,_Virginia" title="Christiansburg, Virginia">Christiansburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clintwood,_Virginia" title="Clintwood, Virginia">Clintwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtland,_Virginia" title="Courtland, Virginia">Courtland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Virginia" title="Covington, Virginia">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culpeper,_Virginia" title="Culpeper, Virginia">Culpeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Virginia" title="Cumberland, Virginia">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinwiddie,_Virginia" title="Dinwiddie, Virginia">Dinwiddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastville,_Virginia" title="Eastville, Virginia">Eastville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporia,_Virginia" title="Emporia, Virginia">Emporia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmville,_Virginia" title="Farmville, Virginia">Farmville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fincastle,_Virginia" title="Fincastle, Virginia">Fincastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd,_Virginia" title="Floyd, Virginia">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Royal,_Virginia" title="Front Royal, Virginia">Front Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_City,_Virginia" title="Gate City, Virginia">Gate City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_Courthouse,_Virginia" title="Gloucester Courthouse, Virginia">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goochland,_Virginia" title="Goochland, Virginia">Goochland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundy,_Virginia" title="Grundy, Virginia">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Virginia" title="Halifax, Virginia">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover,_Virginia" title="Hanover, Virginia">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia" title="Harrisonburg, Virginia">Harrisonburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathsville,_Virginia" title="Heathsville, Virginia">Heathsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsville,_Virginia" title="Hillsville, Virginia">Hillsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Virginia" title="Independence, Virginia">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight,_Virginia" title="Isle of Wight, Virginia">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonesville,_Virginia" title="Jonesville, Virginia">Jonesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_Queen_Court_House,_Virginia" title="King and Queen Court House, Virginia">King and Queen Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George,_Virginia" title="King George, Virginia">King George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_William,_Virginia" title="King William, Virginia">King William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Virginia" title="Lancaster, Virginia">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel,_Virginia" title="Laurel, Virginia">Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrenceville,_Virginia" title="Lawrenceville, Virginia">Lawrenceville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Virginia" title="Lebanon, Virginia">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leesburg,_Virginia" title="Leesburg, Virginia">Leesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Virginia" title="Lexington, Virginia">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa,_Virginia" title="Louisa, Virginia">Louisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovingston,_Virginia" title="Lovingston, Virginia">Lovingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg,_Virginia" title="Lunenburg, Virginia">Lunenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luray,_Virginia" title="Luray, Virginia">Luray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Virginia" title="Madison, Virginia">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Virginia" title="Marion, Virginia">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Virginia" title="Martinsville, Virginia">Martinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathews,_Virginia" title="Mathews, Virginia">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey,_Virginia" title="Monterey, Virginia">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montross,_Virginia" title="Montross, Virginia">Montross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Virginia" title="New Castle, Virginia">New Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kent,_Virginia" title="New Kent, Virginia">New Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottoway,_Virginia" title="Nottoway, Virginia">Nottoway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange,_Virginia" title="Orange, Virginia">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra,_Virginia" title="Palmyra, Virginia">Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearisburg,_Virginia" title="Pearisburg, Virginia">Pearisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powhatan,_Virginia" title="Powhatan, Virginia">Powhatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Virginia" title="Prince George, Virginia">Prince George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski,_Virginia" title="Pulaski, Virginia">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mount,_Virginia" title="Rocky Mount, Virginia">Rocky Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustburg,_Virginia" title="Rustburg, Virginia">Rustburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Virginia" title="Salem, Virginia">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluda,_Virginia" title="Saluda, Virginia">Saluda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotsylvania_Courthouse,_Virginia" title="Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia">Spotsylvania Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford,_Virginia" title="Stafford, Virginia">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanardsville,_Virginia" title="Stanardsville, Virginia">Stanardsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton,_Virginia" title="Staunton, Virginia">Staunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart,_Virginia" title="Stuart, Virginia">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surry,_Virginia" title="Surry, Virginia">Surry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex,_Virginia" title="Sussex, Virginia">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappahannock,_Virginia" title="Tappahannock, Virginia">Tappahannock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazewell,_Virginia" title="Tazewell, Virginia">Tazewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Springs,_Virginia" title="Warm Springs, Virginia">Warm Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrenton,_Virginia" title="Warrenton, Virginia">Warrenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw,_Virginia" title="Warsaw, Virginia">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_Virginia" title="Washington, Virginia">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wise,_Virginia" title="Wise, Virginia">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Virginia" title="Woodstock, Virginia">Woodstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wytheville,_Virginia" title="Wytheville, Virginia">Wytheville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown,_Virginia" title="Yorktown, Virginia">Yorktown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Independent_cities_of_Virginia71" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Virginia" title="Bristol, Virginia">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista,_Virginia" title="Buena Vista, Virginia">Buena Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville,_Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Heights,_Virginia" title="Colonial Heights, Virginia">Colonial Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covington,_Virginia" title="Covington, Virginia">Covington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia" title="Danville, Virginia">Danville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporia,_Virginia" title="Emporia, Virginia">Emporia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Virginia" title="Fairfax, Virginia">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falls_Church,_Virginia" title="Falls Church, Virginia">Falls Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Virginia" title="Franklin, Virginia">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredericksburg,_Virginia" title="Fredericksburg, Virginia">Fredericksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galax,_Virginia" title="Galax, Virginia">Galax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Virginia" title="Hampton, Virginia">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia" title="Harrisonburg, Virginia">Harrisonburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell,_Virginia" title="Hopewell, Virginia">Hopewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Virginia" title="Lexington, Virginia">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas,_Virginia" title="Manassas, Virginia">Manassas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manassas_Park,_Virginia" title="Manassas Park, Virginia">Manassas Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Virginia" title="Martinsville, Virginia">Martinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton,_Virginia" title="Norton, Virginia">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Virginia" title="Petersburg, Virginia">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poquoson,_Virginia" title="Poquoson, Virginia">Poquoson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Virginia" title="Portsmouth, Virginia">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radford,_Virginia" title="Radford, Virginia">Radford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke,_Virginia" title="Roanoke, Virginia">Roanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Virginia" title="Salem, Virginia">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton,_Virginia" title="Staunton, Virginia">Staunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk,_Virginia" title="Suffolk, Virginia">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waynesboro,_Virginia" title="Waynesboro, Virginia">Waynesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winchester,_Virginia&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page">Purge</span></a></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492355#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1755" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492355#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1755" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492355#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1202730/">FAST</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyCHh8HBqKrPwyXTMCRKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Winchester, Va."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7587552-4">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Winchester (Va.)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50038100">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007554822605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/17160c4f-5390-453c-a901-0bb5529f186e">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Winchester (Va.)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/131272233">IdRef</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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