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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Late 5th-century BC Athenian politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a ruler. For the philosopher from the same century sometimes also known as <i>Eucleides</i>, see <a href="/wiki/Euclid_of_Megara" title="Euclid of Megara">Euclid of Megara</a>. For other people of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Euclid_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Euclid (disambiguation)">Euclid (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b>Eucleides</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Εὐκλείδης</span>) was <a href="/wiki/Eponymous_archon" title="Eponymous archon">eponymous archon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> for the year running from July/August 403 BC until June/July 402 BC. His year in office was marked by Athens' official adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Ionic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic alphabet">Ionic alphabet</a>. There is some evidence that he may have been personally involved in this decision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archonship">Archonship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eucleides&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Archonship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his archonship Athens abandoned the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets#Old_Attic" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Attic alphabet</a> in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Ionic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionic alphabet">Ionic alphabet</a>, which included the letters <a href="/wiki/Eta_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eta (letter)">eta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phi" title="Phi">phi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psi_(Greek)" title="Psi (Greek)">psi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Omega" title="Omega">omega</a>, but lacked <a href="/wiki/Heta" title="Heta">heta</a>. This alphabet had already been employed unofficially in inscriptions and other texts for some years, but was now adopted for official Athenian inscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-D'Angour_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'Angour-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although some Athenian inscriptions from before Eucleides' archonship already used the Ionian alphabet and others use the old Attic alphabet after it, the majority reflect the switch and Eucleides' archonship is thus an important milestone for dating Athenian inscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the historian <a href="/wiki/Theopompus" title="Theopompus">Theopompus</a>, the decree which introduced the new alphabet was passed by <a href="/wiki/Archinus" title="Archinus">Archinus</a>. It was probably connected to political efforts to end civil strife and reform the constitution in the aftermath of the Athenian defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-D'Angour_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'Angour-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Armand_D%27Angour" title="Armand D'Angour">Armand D'Angour</a> proposes that the Ionic alphabet had been associated with aristocratic <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchs</a> in late fifth century BC Athens and that its adoption as the official alphabet was part of a policy of reconciliation by victorious Athenian democrats after they overthrew the short-lived oligarchic governments of the <a href="/wiki/Athenian_coup_of_411_BC" title="Athenian coup of 411 BC">Four Hundred</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Tyrants" title="Thirty Tyrants">Thirty Tyrants</a>. He also suggests that the archon Eucleides is identical with a secretary who was responsible for having a decree (<i><a href="/wiki/Inscriptiones_Graecae" title="Inscriptiones Graecae">IG</a></i> I<sup>3</sup> 110) inscribed in the Ionic alphabet in 408/7 BC and with a Eucleides mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Poetics" title="Poetics">Poetics</a></i> (1458b5-15) as having criticised poets who changed the <a href="/wiki/Vowel_length" title="Vowel length">vowel length</a> to fit <a href="/wiki/Poetic_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Poetic meter">poetic meters</a>. From there, D'Angour proposes that Eucleides was thus personally supportive of Archinus' decree.<sup id="cite_ref-D'Angour_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'Angour-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eucleides&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-D'Angour-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-D'Angour_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D'Angour_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-D'Angour_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFD'Angour1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Armand_D%27Angour" title="Armand D'Angour">D'Angour, A.J.</a> (1999). "Archinus, Eucleides and the reform of the Athenian alphabet". <i>Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies</i>. <b>43</b>: 109–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2041-5370.1999.tb00481.x">10.1111/j.2041-5370.1999.tb00481.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Institute+of+Classical+Studies&rft.atitle=Archinus%2C+Eucleides+and+the+reform+of+the+Athenian+alphabet.&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=109-130&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.2041-5370.1999.tb00481.x&rft.aulast=D%27Angour&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEucleides" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuarducci1967" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guarducci, Margherita (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LWqkHLY78l0C"><i>Epigrafia greca</i></a> (in Italian). Istituto poligrafico dello Stato, Libreria dello Sato.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epigrafia+greca&rft.pub=Istituto+poligrafico+dello+Stato%2C+Libreria+dello+Sato&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Guarducci&rft.aufirst=Margherita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLWqkHLY78l0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEucleides" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pythodorus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pythodorus (page does not exist)">Pythodorus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Eponymous_archon" title="Eponymous archon">Eponymous archon</a> of Athens </b><br />403 BC - 402 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Micon</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eucleides&oldid=1254089867">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eucleides&oldid=1254089867</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:5th-century_BC_Athenians" title="Category:5th-century BC Athenians">5th-century BC Athenians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:5th-century_BC_births" title="Category:5th-century BC births">5th-century BC births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:4th-century_BC_deaths" title="Category:4th-century BC deaths">4th-century BC deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Greek_alphabet" title="Category:Greek alphabet">Greek alphabet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eponymous_archons" title="Category:Eponymous archons">Eponymous archons</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_unknown" title="Category:Year of birth unknown">Year of birth unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_unknown" title="Category:Place of birth unknown">Place of birth unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_death_unknown" title="Category:Year of death unknown">Year of death unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Place_of_death_unknown" title="Category:Place of death unknown">Place of death unknown</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 October 2024, at 11:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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