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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cession and rescission</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cession_and_rescission-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cession and rescission subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cession_and_rescission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Franklin's_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franklin's_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Franklin's support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franklin's_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Carolina's_reluctance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Carolina's_reluctance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>North Carolina's 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href="#Independent_republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Independent republic</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Independent_republic-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Independent republic subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Independent_republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Native_Americans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Native_Americans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Relations with Native Americans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Native_Americans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drawn-out_end" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drawn-out_end"> <div 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class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Lesser Franklin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lesser_Franklin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Subsequent status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Franklinites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Franklinites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable Franklinites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Franklinites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">State of Franklin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Franklin" title="State of Franklin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="State of Franklin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Franklin" title="State of Franklin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="State of Franklin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_Franklin" title="Estado de Franklin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado de Franklin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_Franklin" title="État de Franklin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État de Franklin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מדינת פרנקלין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדינת פרנקלין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklino_valstija" title="Franklino valstija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Franklino valstija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E5%9B%BD" title="フランクリン国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランクリン国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Franklin" title="State of Franklin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="State of Franklin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1557627#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=State_of_Franklin&params=36_10_N_82_49_W_region:US_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">82°49′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.167°N 82.817°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.167; -82.817</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former unrecognized proposed US state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the historical proposed US state. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Franklin_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Franklin (disambiguation)">Franklin (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">The State of Franklin (Frankland)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"> <ul><li>Extra-Legal States and Territories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_regions_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic regions of the United States">Historic Regions</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">United States</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">August 1784 – December 1788</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Former_State_of_Franklin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Former_State_of_Franklin.png/220px-Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Former_State_of_Franklin.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Former_State_of_Franklin.png/330px-Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Former_State_of_Franklin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Former_State_of_Franklin.png/440px-Map_of_Tennessee_highlighting_Former_State_of_Franklin.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="251" /></a></span><br />The state of Franklin highlighted on a map of Tennessee</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jonesborough,_Tennessee" title="Jonesborough, Tennessee">Jonesborough</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(August 1784 – December 1785)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Greeneville,_Tennessee" title="Greeneville, Tennessee">Greeneville</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(December 1785 – 1788)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> • Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=State_of_Franklin&params=36_10_N_82_49_W_region:US_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">82°49′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.167°N 82.817°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.167; -82.817</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Type</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Republic / Organized, extralegal territory</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">"Governor" (President)</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• December 1784 – December 1788 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">President/Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Sevier" title="John Sevier">Col. John Sevier</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate" title="President of the Senate">Speaker of the Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• December 1784 – December 1788 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Landon_Carter_(Franklin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Landon Carter (Franklin)">Landon Carter</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <b><a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker of the House</a></b><br /> August 1784 – June 1785 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Cage_(Tennessee_politician)" title="William Cage (Tennessee politician)">William Cage</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <b><a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker of the House</a></b><br /> June 1785 – December 1788 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hardin,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Hardin, Sr.">Col. Joseph Hardin</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Congress of Greeneville</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-former-subdiv-fake-li">• <i>Upper house</i></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Senate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-former-subdiv-fake-li">• <i>Lower House</i></div></th><td class="infobox-data">House of Representatives</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data">post American Revolution</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• North Carolina cedes the <a href="/wiki/Washington_District,_North_Carolina" title="Washington District, North Carolina">Washington District</a> to federal government </div></th><td class="infobox-data">April 1784</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Secedes from <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> and blocks federal government claims; Franklin proclaimed </div></th><td class="infobox-data">23 August 1784</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Petition for Frankland statehood sent to Congress </div></th><td class="infobox-data">May 16, 1785</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Provisional name changed to "Franklin" </div></th><td class="infobox-data">December 24, 1785</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disbanded; and area re-acquired by North Carolina </div></th><td class="infobox-data">March–September 1788 1788</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Area is designated part of the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory" title="Southwest Territory">Southwest Territory</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1790</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data">Counties</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281777%E2%80%931795%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a>, United States</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:State_of_Franklin_on_US_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/State_of_Franklin_on_US_map.jpg/220px-State_of_Franklin_on_US_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/State_of_Franklin_on_US_map.jpg/330px-State_of_Franklin_on_US_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/State_of_Franklin_on_US_map.jpg/440px-State_of_Franklin_on_US_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3450" data-file-height="2163" /></a><figcaption>State of Franklin on U.S. map</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>State of Franklin</b> (also the <b>Free Republic of Franklin</b>, <b>Lost State of Franklin</b>, or the <b>State of Frankland</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an unrecognized proposed <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> located in present-day <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Franklin was created in 1784 from part of the territory west of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a> that had been offered by <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> as a cession to <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Congress</a> to help pay off debts related to the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American War for Independence</a>. It was founded with the intent of becoming the 14th state of the new United States. </p><p>Franklin's first capital was <a href="/wiki/Jonesborough,_Tennessee" title="Jonesborough, Tennessee">Jonesborough</a>. After the summer of 1785, the government of Franklin (which was by then based in <a href="/wiki/Greeneville,_Tennessee" title="Greeneville, Tennessee">Greeneville</a>), ruled as a "parallel government" running alongside (but not harmoniously with) a re-established North Carolina bureaucracy. Franklin was never admitted into the union. The <i>extra-legal</i> state existed for only about four and a half years, ostensibly as a republic, after which North Carolina reassumed full control of the area. </p><p>The creation of Franklin is novel, in that it resulted from both a <a href="/wiki/Cession" title="Cession">cession</a> (an offering from North Carolina to <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress</a>) and a <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> (seceding from North Carolina, when its offer to Congress was not acted upon and the original cession was <a href="/wiki/Rescind" class="mw-redirect" title="Rescind">rescinded</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept">Concept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Concept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of a new western state came from <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Campbell_(Virginia_soldier)" title="Arthur Campbell (Virginia soldier)">Arthur Campbell</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Virginia" title="Washington County, Virginia">Washington County, Virginia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Sevier" title="John Sevier">John Sevier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TNE_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They believed the <a href="/wiki/Overmountain_Men" title="Overmountain Men">Overmountain towns</a> should be admitted to the United States as a separate state. They differed, however, on the details of such a state, although John Sevier (in a letter written in 1782) acknowledged Campbell's leadership on the issue.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Campbell's proposed state would have included southwestern <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, eastern Tennessee, and parts of <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>. Sevier favored a more limited state, that being the eastern section of the old <a href="/wiki/Washington_District,_North_Carolina" title="Washington District, North Carolina">Washington District</a>, which was then part of North Carolina. </p><p>Although many of the frontiersmen supported the idea, Campbell's calls for the creation of an independent state carved out of parts of Virginia territory caused Virginia governor and Kentucky <a href="/wiki/Land_speculator" class="mw-redirect" title="Land speculator">land speculator</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a>—who opposed a loss of territory for the state—to pass a law that forbade anyone to attempt to create a new state from Virginia by the cession of state territory.<sup id="cite_ref-TNE_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Virginia Gov. Henry stopped Campbell, Sevier and his followers renamed their proposed state Franklin and sought support for their cause from <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>. The Frankland movement had little success on the Kentucky frontier, as settlers there wanted their own state (which they achieved in 1792).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cession_and_rescission">Cession and rescission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cession and rescission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Franklin's_support"><span id="Franklin.27s_support"></span>Franklin's support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Franklin's support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Confederation_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederation Congress">United States Congress</a> was heavily in debt at the close of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American War for Independence</a>. In April 1784, the state of <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> voted "to give Congress the 29,000,000 acres (45,000 sq mi; 120,000 km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lying between the <a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains" title="Allegheny Mountains">Allegheny Mountains</a>" (as the entire Appalachian range was then called) "and the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>" to help offset its war debts.<sup id="cite_ref-Arthur_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arthur-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This area was a large part of what had been the <a href="/wiki/Washington_District,_North_Carolina" title="Washington District, North Carolina">Washington District</a> (usually referred to simply as the <i>Western Counties</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Haywood_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haywood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These western counties had originally been acquired by lease from the Overhill Cherokee, out of which the <a href="/wiki/Watauga_Association" title="Watauga Association">Watauga Republic</a> had arisen. </p><p>The North Carolina cession to the federal government had a stipulation that Congress would have to accept responsibility for the area within two years, which, for various reasons, it was reluctant to do. The cession effectively left the western settlements of North Carolina alone in dealing with the Cherokee of the area, many of whom had not yet made peace with the new nation. These developments were not welcomed by the <a href="/wiki/Frontier" title="Frontier">frontiersmen</a>, who had pushed even further westward, gaining a foothold on the western <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_River" title="Cumberland River">Cumberland River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Nashborough" title="Fort Nashborough">Fort Nashborough</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>), or the <a href="/wiki/Overmountain_Men" title="Overmountain Men">Overmountain Men</a>, many of whom had settled in the area during the days of the old Watauga Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-caruso_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caruso-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Inhabitants of the region feared that the cash-starved federal Congress might even be desperate enough to sell the frontier territory to a competing foreign power (such as France or Spain).<sup id="cite_ref-Arthur_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arthur-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Carolina's_reluctance"><span id="North_Carolina.27s_reluctance"></span>North Carolina's reluctance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: North Carolina's reluctance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A few months later, a newly elected North Carolina Legislature re-evaluated the situation. Realizing the land could not at that time be used for its intended purpose of paying the debts of Congress and weighing the perceived economic loss of potential real estate opportunities, it rescinded the offer of cession and reasserted its claim to the remote western district. The North Carolina lawmakers ordered judges to hold court in the western counties and arranged to enroll a <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a> of soldiers for defense, appointing <a href="/wiki/John_Sevier" title="John Sevier">John Sevier</a> to form it.<sup id="cite_ref-Arthur_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arthur-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secessionist_movement">Secessionist movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Secessionist movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:8FranklinCounties.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/8FranklinCounties.png/220px-8FranklinCounties.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/8FranklinCounties.png/330px-8FranklinCounties.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/8FranklinCounties.png/440px-8FranklinCounties.png 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1029" /></a><figcaption>The State of Franklin and its counties</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="John_Landon_(Franklin"></span>Rapidly increasing dissatisfaction with North Carolina's governance led to the frontiersmen's calls to establish a separate, secure, and independent state. On August 23, 1784, delegates from the North Carolina counties of <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Tennessee" title="Washington County, Tennessee">Washington</a> (which at the time included present-day <a href="/wiki/Carter_County,_Tennessee" title="Carter County, Tennessee">Carter County</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Tennessee" title="Sullivan County, Tennessee">Sullivan</a>, Spencer (now <a href="/wiki/Hawkins_County,_Tennessee" title="Hawkins County, Tennessee">Hawkins County</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Tennessee" title="Greene County, Tennessee">Greene</a>—all of which are in present-day Tennessee—convened in the town of Jonesborough. There, they declared the lands to be independent of the State of North Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Leaders were <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">duly</a> elected. John Sevier reluctantly became governor; Landon Carter, speaker of the Senate; <a href="/wiki/William_Cage_(Tennessee_politician)" title="William Cage (Tennessee politician)">William Cage</a>, first speaker of the House of Representatives; and <a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_(judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Campbell (judge)">David Campbell</a>, judge of the Superior Court. Thomas Talbot served as Senate clerk, while Thomas Chapman served as clerk of the House. The delegates were called to a constitutional convention held at Jonesborough in December of that year. There, they drafted a constitution that excluded lawyers, doctors, and preachers as candidates for election to the legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitution was defeated in <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>. Afterward, the area continued to operate under tenets of the North Carolina state constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-mytenn_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mytenn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attempt_at_statehood">Attempt at statehood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Attempt at statehood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:283_of_%27The_Critical_Period_of_American_History_..._Illustrated,_etc%27_(11245194073).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/283_of_%27The_Critical_Period_of_American_History_..._Illustrated%2C_etc%27_%2811245194073%29.jpg/170px-283_of_%27The_Critical_Period_of_American_History_..._Illustrated%2C_etc%27_%2811245194073%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/283_of_%27The_Critical_Period_of_American_History_..._Illustrated%2C_etc%27_%2811245194073%29.jpg/255px-283_of_%27The_Critical_Period_of_American_History_..._Illustrated%2C_etc%27_%2811245194073%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/283_of_%27The_Critical_Period_of_American_History_..._Illustrated%2C_etc%27_%2811245194073%29.jpg/340px-283_of_%27The_Critical_Period_of_American_History_..._Illustrated%2C_etc%27_%2811245194073%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2224" data-file-height="1413" /></a><figcaption>Contemporaneous map of the State of Franklin</figcaption></figure> <p>On May 16, 1785, a delegation submitted a petition for <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">statehood</a> to <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress</a>. Eventually, seven states voted to admit what would have been the 14th federal state under the proposed name of "Frankland". This was, however, less than the two-thirds <a href="/wiki/Absolute_majority" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute majority">majority</a> required under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> to add additional states to the confederation. The following month, the Franklin government convened to address their options and to replace the vacancy at speaker of the House, to which position they elected <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hardin,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Hardin, Sr.">Joseph Hardin</a>. In an attempt to curry favor for their cause, delegation leaders changed the "official" name of the area to "Franklin" (ostensibly after <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>). Sevier even tried to persuade Franklin to support their cause by letter, but he declined, writing: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> ... I am sensible of the honor which your Excellency and your council thereby do me. But being in Europe when your State was formed, I am too little acquainted with the circumstances to be able to offer you anything just now that may be of importance since everything material that regards your welfare will doubtless have occurred to yourselves. ... I will endeavor to inform myself more perfectly of your affairs by inquiry and searching the records of Congress and if anything should occur to me that I think may be useful to you, you shall hear from me thereupon.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Benjamin Franklin, Letter to Governor John Sevier, 1787<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Independent_republic">Independent republic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Independent republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitol-replica-greeneville-tn1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Capitol-replica-greeneville-tn1.jpg/175px-Capitol-replica-greeneville-tn1.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Capitol-replica-greeneville-tn1.jpg/263px-Capitol-replica-greeneville-tn1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Capitol-replica-greeneville-tn1.jpg/350px-Capitol-replica-greeneville-tn1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2041" data-file-height="1525" /></a><figcaption>Replica of the Capitol of the State of Franklin in <a href="/wiki/Greeneville,_Tennessee" title="Greeneville, Tennessee">Greeneville, Tennessee</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Franklin, still at odds with North Carolina over taxation, protection, and other issues, began operating as a <i>de facto</i> independent republic after the failed statehood attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-Haywood_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haywood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Greeneville,_Tennessee" title="Greeneville, Tennessee">Greeneville</a> was declared the new capital. The government had previously been assembling at Jonesborough, only blocks away from the North Carolina-backed rival seat of government. The first legislature met in Greeneville in December 1785. The delegates adopted a permanent constitution, known as the Holston Constitution,<sup id="cite_ref-mytenn_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mytenn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was modeled closely upon that of North Carolina. John Sevier also proposed to commission a Franklin state flag, but it was never designed. </p><p>Franklin opened courts, incorporated and annexed five new counties (see map below), and fixed taxes and officers' salaries.<sup id="cite_ref-mytenn_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mytenn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">Barter</a> became the economic system <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i>, with anything in common use among the people allowed in payment to settle debts, including corn, cotton, tobacco, <a href="/wiki/Apple_brandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple brandy">apple brandy</a>, and skins. (Sevier was often paid in deer hides.) Federal or foreign currencies were accepted. All citizens were granted a two-year reprieve on paying taxes, but the lack of hard currency and economic infrastructure slowed development and often created confusion. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_Native_Americans">Relations with Native Americans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Relations with Native Americans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The new legislature made peace treaties with the <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> tribes in the area (with few exceptions, the most notable being the <a href="/wiki/Chickamauga_Cherokee" title="Chickamauga Cherokee">Chickamauga Cherokee</a>). The Cherokee claim to sovereignty over much of the area of southern Franklin, though already occupied by Whites, was maintained at the 1785 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hopewell" title="Treaty of Hopewell">Treaty of Hopewell</a> with the federal government. In 1786, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wear" title="Samuel Wear">Samuel Wear</a> helped negotiate the competing <a href="/wiki/Cherokee%E2%80%93American_wars#Treaty_of_Coyatee" title="Cherokee–American wars">Treaty of Coyatee</a> on behalf of the State of Franklin. Coyatee re-affirmed the 1785 <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_treaties" title="Cherokee treaties">Treaty of Dumplin Creek</a>, which the republic had secured from the Cherokee, and which <a href="/wiki/Dragging_Canoe" title="Dragging Canoe">Dragging Canoe</a>'s Chickamauga faction had refused to recognize. The new treaty extended the area for White settlement as far south as the <a href="/wiki/Little_Tennessee_River" title="Little Tennessee River">Little Tennessee River</a>, along which the main <a href="/wiki/Overhill_Cherokee" title="Overhill Cherokee">Overhill Cherokee</a> towns were located.<sup id="cite_ref-t-gen_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t-gen-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cherokee did not formally relinquish their claim to this territory to the U.S. until the July 1791 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Holston" title="Treaty of Holston">Treaty of Holston</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even then, hostilities continued in the area for years afterward.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drawn-out_end">Drawn-out end</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Drawn-out end"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The small state began its demise in 1786, with several key residents and supporters of Franklin withdrawing their support in favor of a newly reinterested North Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-Haywood_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haywood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Until this point, Franklin had not had the benefit of either the federal army or the North Carolina militia. In late 1786, North Carolina offered to waive all back taxes if Franklin would reunite with its government. When this offer was popularly rejected in 1787, North Carolina moved in with troops under the leadership of Col. <a href="/wiki/John_Tipton_(Tennessee_frontiersman)" title="John Tipton (Tennessee frontiersman)">John Tipton</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and re-established its own courts, jails, and government at Jonesborough. The two rival administrations now competed side-by-side. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Franklin">Battle of Franklin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Battle of Franklin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1787, the "Franklinites" continued to expand their territory westward toward the <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Mountains" title="Cumberland Mountains">Cumberland Mountains</a> by forcibly stealing land from the Native American populations. The frontier shifted back and forth often throughout the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee%E2%80%93American_wars" title="Cherokee–American wars">Cherokee–American wars</a>. The September 1787 meeting of the Franklin legislature, however, was its last.<sup id="cite_ref-Haywood_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haywood-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the end of 1787, loyalties were divided among the area's residents and came to a head in early February 1788. Jonathan Pugh, the North Carolina sheriff of <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Tennessee" title="Washington County, Tennessee">Washington County</a>, was ordered by the county court to seize any property of Sevier's to settle tax debts North Carolina contended were owed to them. The property seized included several slaves, who were brought to <a href="/wiki/Tipton-Haynes_State_Historic_Site" title="Tipton-Haynes State Historic Site">Tipton's home</a> and secured in his underground kitchen. On February 27, Governor Sevier arrived at the Tipton house leading a force numbering more than 100 men. During a heavy snowstorm in the early morning of February 29, Colonel George Maxwell arrived with a force equivalent to Sevier's to reinforce Tipton. After 10 minutes of skirmishing, Sevier and his force withdrew to Jonesborough. A number of men were captured or wounded on both sides, and three men were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frontier_intrigues">Frontier intrigues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Frontier intrigues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late March 1788, the Chickamauga, <a href="/wiki/Chickasaw" title="Chickasaw">Chickasaw</a>, and other tribes collectively began to attack American frontier settlements in Franklin. A desperate Sevier sought a loan from the Spanish government. With help from <a href="/wiki/James_White_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="James White (North Carolina politician)">James White</a> (who was later found to be a paid agent of Spain), he attempted to place Franklin under Spanish rule. Opposed to any foreign nation gaining a foothold in Franklin, North Carolina officials arrested Sevier in August 1788. Sevier's supporters quickly freed him from the local jail and retreated to "Lesser Franklin". In February 1789,<sup id="cite_ref-NChist_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NChist-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sevier and the last holdouts of the "Lost State" swore oaths of allegiance to North Carolina after turning themselves in.<sup id="cite_ref-NChist_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NChist-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North Carolina sent their militia to aid in driving out the Cherokee and Chickasaw. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lesser_Franklin">Lesser Franklin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Lesser Franklin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the dissolution of the State of Franklin in February 1789, continued support of the separate state movement was confined largely to Sevier County, specifically in the country south of the <a href="/wiki/French_Broad_River" title="French Broad River">French Broad River</a>. The people there realized that the only entity recognizing title to their land holdings had been Franklin. Both North Carolina and the federal (Confederation) government supported the Cherokee claims as set forth in the Treaty of Hopewell, and considered settlers in the area "<a href="/wiki/Squatter" class="mw-redirect" title="Squatter">squatters</a>". This led to the formation of a "Lesser Franklin" government, with Articles of Association similar to the earlier <a href="/wiki/Watauga_Association" title="Watauga Association">Watauga Constitution</a>. In 1789, these articles were adopted at Newell's Station, which served as the seat of government for the wider area of Lesser Franklin, including all the settled country south of the French Broad.<sup id="cite_ref-t-gen_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t-gen-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lesser Franklin government finally ended in 1791, when Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Blount" title="William Blount">William Blount</a>, of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory" title="Southwest Territory">Southwest Territory</a>, met the Cherokee chieftains on the site of the future <a href="/wiki/Knoxville" class="mw-redirect" title="Knoxville">Knoxville</a>, and they made the Treaty of Holston. The Overhill Cherokee now acknowledged the authority of the United States government, and ceded to the federal government all of their lands south of the French Broad, almost as far as the Little Tennessee River.<sup id="cite_ref-t-gen_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t-gen-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_status">Subsequent status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Subsequent status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By early 1789, the government of the State of Franklin outside of Lesser Franklin had collapsed entirely and the territory was firmly back under the control of North Carolina. Soon thereafter, North Carolina once again ceded the area to the federal government to form the Southwest Territory, the precursor to the State of Tennessee. Sevier was elected in 1790 to the US Congress to represent the territory, and became Tennessee's first <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee" title="Governor of Tennessee">governor</a>, in 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-t-gen_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t-gen-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Col. John Tipton signed the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Constitution">Tennessee Constitution</a> as the representative from Washington County. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Franklinites">Notable Franklinites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notable Franklinites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cocke" title="William Cocke">William Cocke</a> (1748–August 22, 1828); American lawyer, pioneer, and statesman.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crockett" class="mw-redirect" title="David Crockett">David "Davy" Crockett</a> (August 17, 1786 – March 6, 1836); famed frontiersman and statesman, born in Greene County, Franklin.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Doak" title="Samuel Doak">Samuel Doak</a> (1749–1830); Presbyterian minister, pioneer, founded earliest schools and churches in <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee">East Tennessee</a>; delegate to the "Lost State" of Franklin which convened in Greeneville.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Col. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hardin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Hardin">Joseph Hardin</a> (1734–1801); Speaker of the House for the State of Franklin; trustee of <a href="/wiki/Tusculum_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Tusculum College">Greeneville</a> (now Tusculum) College.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sevier" title="John Sevier">John Sevier</a> (1745–1815); Governor of Franklin; first governor of Tennessee.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Lt. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Wear" title="Samuel Wear">Samuel Wear</a> (1753–April 3, 1817); co-founder of Franklin; veteran of the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, and the Indian wars; fought at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kings_Mountain" title="Battle of Kings Mountain">Battle of Kings Mountain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_White_(General)" class="mw-redirect" title="James White (General)">Gen. James White</a> (1747–August 14, 1821); American pioneer and soldier who founded <a href="/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee">Knoxville, Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Washington County farm of Col. John Tipton, where the 1788 Battle of Franklin was fought, has been preserved by the State of Tennessee as the <a href="/wiki/Tipton-Haynes_State_Historic_Site" title="Tipton-Haynes State Historic Site">Tipton-Haynes State Historic Site</a> in southeastern <a href="/wiki/Johnson_City,_Tennessee" title="Johnson City, Tennessee">Johnson City, Tennessee</a>. </p><p>Samuel Tipton, a son of Col. John Tipton, donated land for a town to be located along the east side of the <a href="/wiki/Doe_River" title="Doe River">Doe River</a> near its <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Watauga_River" title="Watauga River">Watauga River</a> in what was then known as Wayne County, and the town was named in his honor as Tiptonville (not to be confused with present-day <a href="/wiki/Tiptonville,_Tennessee" title="Tiptonville, Tennessee">Tiptonville</a>, in West Tennessee). The losers of the Battle of Franklin (1788) later regained political power and renamed Wayne County as Carter County (after the former State of Franklin Senate Speaker Landon Carter), and also renamed Tiptonville as <a href="/wiki/Elizabethton,_Tennessee" title="Elizabethton, Tennessee">Elizabethton</a> (after the wife of Landon Carter, Elizabeth Carter) when Tennessee was first admitted to the Union in 1796 and John Sevier became the first governor of Tennessee. </p><p>The Franklin area also played a role in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Unionist" title="Southern Unionist">Southern Unionist</a> <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_Convention" title="East Tennessee Convention">East Tennessee Convention</a>. Throughout the first half of the 19th century, East Tennessee was frequently at odds with Tennessee's two other grand divisions, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Tennessee" title="Middle Tennessee">Middle Tennessee</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Tennessee" title="West Tennessee">West Tennessee</a>. Many East Tennesseans felt the state legislature showed persistent favoritism toward the other two divisions, especially over funding for <a href="/wiki/Internal_improvements" title="Internal improvements">internal improvements</a>. In the early 1840s, several East Tennessee leaders, among them Congressman (and future President) <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>, led a movement to form a separate state in East Tennessee known as "Frankland". Though this movement was unsuccessful, the idea that East Tennessee should be a separate state periodically resurfaced over the subsequent two decades.<sup id="cite_ref-lacy_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lacy-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many businesses in the State of Franklin use that name to keep the legacy alive, such as the "State of Franklin Bank", based in <a href="/wiki/Johnson_City,_Tennessee" title="Johnson City, Tennessee">Johnson City, Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the main thoroughfares in Johnson City is named "State of Franklin Road" and passes by <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_State_University" title="East Tennessee State University">East Tennessee State University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In law-school examinations in the U.S., a fictional "State of Franklin" is used as a <a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">placeholder name</a> for a generic state, often the one in which the property of <a href="/wiki/Blackacre" title="Blackacre">Blackacre</a> is located. This way, variations in existing state law do not complicate the theoretical legal issues arising from the property disputes. By convention, Blackacre is located in Acre County, Franklin. </p><p>The combined present-day (as of 2015 census) population of the counties that would have made up the State of Franklin is 540,000, which would have made the state have about 40,000 people fewer than Wyoming, the current least-populous state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_regions_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic regions of the United States">Historic regions of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Appalachia" title="Trans-Appalachia">Trans-Appalachia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Landrum, refers to the proposed state as "the proposed republic of Franklin; while Wheeler has it as <i>Frankland</i>." In <i>That's Not in My American History Book</i>, Thomas Ayres maintains that the official title was "Free Republic of Franklin".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">About 40 times the size of Rhode Island.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Col. <a href="/wiki/John_Tipton_(Tennessee_frontiersman)" title="John Tipton (Tennessee frontiersman)">John Tipton</a> was the great-uncle of future Senator from Indiana, <a href="/wiki/John_Tipton" title="John Tipton">John Tipton</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TNE-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNE_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNE_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTara_Mitchell_Mielnik" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tara Mitchell Mielnik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/arthur-campbell/">"Campbell, Arthur"</a>. <i>Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Campbell%2C+Arthur&rft.btitle=Tennessee+Encyclopedia+of+History+and+Culture&rft.au=Tara+Mitchell+Mielnik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftennesseeencyclopedia.net%2Fentries%2Farthur-campbell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arthur-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arthur_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreston1914" class="citation book cs1">Preston, Arthur (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westernnorthcar00arth/page/n11/mode/2up"><i>Western North Carolina : a history (from 1730 to 1913)</i></a>. Asheville, NC: Published by the Edward Buncombe Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. p. 113.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+North+Carolina+%3A+a+history+%28from+1730+to+1913%29&rft.place=Asheville%2C+NC&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Published+by+the+Edward+Buncombe+Chapter+of+the+Daughters+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwesternnorthcar00arth%2Fpage%2Fn11%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haywood-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haywood_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haywood_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haywood_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haywood_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaywoodColyar1891" class="citation book cs1">Haywood, John; Colyar, Arthur St Clair (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/civilpoliticalhi00hayw"><i>The civil and political history of the state of Tennessee from its earliest settlement up to the year 1796, including the boundaries of the state</i></a>. Nashville, Tenn.: Methodist Episcopal church, South.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+civil+and+political+history+of+the+state+of+Tennessee+from+its+earliest+settlement+up+to+the+year+1796%2C+including+the+boundaries+of+the+state&rft.place=Nashville%2C+Tenn.&rft.pub=Methodist+Episcopal+church%2C+South&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=Haywood&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Colyar%2C+Arthur+St+Clair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcivilpoliticalhi00hayw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caruso-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-caruso_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caruso, John A (1959). <i>The Appalachian Frontier: America's First Surge Westward</i>; Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis; 1959; <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/59007226">59-7226</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, <i>History of the Lost State of Franklin</i>, p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunther1947" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gunther" title="John Gunther">Gunther, John</a> (1947). <i><a href="/wiki/Inside_U.S.A._(book)" title="Inside U.S.A. (book)">Inside U.S.A.</a></i> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Brothers">Harper & Brothers</a>. p. 63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+U.S.A.&rft.place=New+York%2C+London&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Gunther&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mytenn-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mytenn_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mytenn_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mytenn_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211170133/http://www.genealogyinc.com/tennessee/state-of-franklin/">"The Lost State of Franklin"</a>. GenealogyInc.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genealogyinc.com/tennessee/state-of-franklin/">the original</a> on February 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lost+State+of+Franklin&rft.pub=GenealogyInc.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genealogyinc.com%2Ftennessee%2Fstate-of-franklin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.next1000.com/family/GRUBB/sullivan.tenn.html">"State of Franklin History"</a>. <i>www.next1000.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.next1000.com&rft.atitle=State+of+Franklin+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.next1000.com%2Ffamily%2FGRUBB%2Fsullivan.tenn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-t-gen-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-t-gen_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t-gen_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t-gen_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t-gen_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sevier.tngenealogy.net/about-sevier/31-history/160-sevier-county-settlers-vs-the-cherokee-indians">"Letter from J. M. Kidd to Jennie Vineyard, 10 Jan 18/86"</a>. <i>sevier.tngenealogy.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sevier.tngenealogy.net&rft.atitle=Letter+from+J.+M.+Kidd+to+Jennie+Vineyard%2C+10+Jan+18%2F86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsevier.tngenealogy.net%2Fabout-sevier%2F31-history%2F160-sevier-county-settlers-vs-the-cherokee-indians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mooney; <i>Myths of the Cherokee</i>; p. 64 ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tipton-haynes.org/research/history/colonel-john-tipton/battle-of-the-state-of-franklin-february-27-29-1788/">"Tipton-Haynes Historic Site | Battle of the State of Franklin – February 27-29, 1788"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tipton-Haynes+Historic+Site+%26%23124%3B+Battle+of+the+State+of+Franklin+%E2%80%93+February+27-29%2C+1788&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tipton-haynes.org%2Fresearch%2Fhistory%2Fcolonel-john-tipton%2Fbattle-of-the-state-of-franklin-february-27-29-1788%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coloneljohntipton.com/coljohn">John Tipton</a> memorial website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NChist-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NChist_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NChist_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToomey" class="citation web cs1">Toomey, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/state-of-franklin/">"State of Franklin"</a>. <i>North Carolina History Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Carolina+History+Project&rft.atitle=State+of+Franklin&rft.aulast=Toomey&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnorthcarolinahistory.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fstate-of-franklin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Lofaro2002" class="citation cs2">Michael Lofaro (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/davy-crockett/">"Crockett, David "Davy"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>, <i>The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crockett%2C+David+%22Davy%22&rft.btitle=The+Tennessee+Encyclopedia+of+History+and+Culture&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Michael+Lofaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftennesseeencyclopedia.net%2Fentries%2Fdavy-crockett%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._Alvin_Gerhardt,_Jr.2002" class="citation cs2">E. Alvin Gerhardt, Jr. (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/samuel-doak/">"Doak, Samuel"</a>, <i>Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Doak%2C+Samuel&rft.btitle=Tennessee+Encyclopedia+of+History+and+Culture&rft.date=2002&rft.au=E.+Alvin+Gerhardt%2C+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftennesseeencyclopedia.net%2Fentries%2Fsamuel-doak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson1931" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, Prof. Tommie Cochran (1931). <i>Joseph Hardin: A Biographical & Genealogical Study</i>. Dissertation Manuscript. Library of the University of Texas at Austin, Texas; Austin, TX. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13179015">13179015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+Hardin%3A+A+Biographical+%26+Genealogical+Study&rft.series=Dissertation+Manuscript&rft.pub=Library+of+the+University+of+Texas+at+Austin%2C+Texas%3B+Austin%2C+TX&rft.date=1931&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13179015&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Prof.+Tommie+Cochran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Driver, Carl Samuel. <i>John Sevier: Pioneer of the Old Southwest</i>. Chapel Hill: <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>, 1932</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lucile Deaderick; <i>Heart of the Valley: A History of Knoxville, Tennessee</i>; Knoxville, Tennessee; <a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_Historical_Society" title="East Tennessee Historical Society">East Tennessee Historical Society</a>; 1976.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lacy-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lacy_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Lacy, <i>Vanquished Volunteers: East Tennessee Sectionalism from Statehood to Secession</i> (Johnson City, Tenn.: East Tennessee State University Press, 1965), pp. 122–126, 217–233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manta.com/c/mm5nnhg/state-of-franklin-bank-a-division-of-jefferson-federal-bank"><i>State of Franklin Bank</i></a>; MANTA; accessed Dec 22, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stateoffranklin.net/johnsons/photos7.htm">"Historic Photos Johnson City, Tennessee Volume 7"</a>. <i>www.stateoffranklin.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stateoffranklin.net&rft.atitle=Historic+Photos+Johnson+City%2C+Tennessee+Volume+7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stateoffranklin.net%2Fjohnsons%2Fphotos7.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApplebyAlan_BrinkleyJames_M._McPherson2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Appleby" title="Joyce Appleby">Appleby, Joyce Oldham</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Brinkley" title="Alan Brinkley">Alan Brinkley</a>; <a href="/wiki/James_M._McPherson" title="James M. McPherson">James M. McPherson</a> (2009). <i>The American Journey</i>. Columbus, OH: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-877713-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-877713-4"><bdi>978-0-07-877713-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Journey&rft.place=Columbus%2C+OH&rft.pub=Glencoe%2FMcGraw-Hill&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-07-877713-4&rft.aulast=Appleby&rft.aufirst=Joyce+Oldham&rft.au=Alan+Brinkley&rft.au=James+M.+McPherson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarksdale2008" class="citation book cs1">Barksdale, Kevin T. (2008). <i>The Lost State of Franklin: America's First Secession</i>. Lexington: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kentucky" title="University Press of Kentucky">University Press of Kentucky</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2521-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2521-3"><bdi>978-0-8131-2521-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+State+of+Franklin%3A+America%27s+First+Secession&rft.place=Lexington&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2521-3&rft.aulast=Barksdale&rft.aufirst=Kevin+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErwin2007" class="citation book cs1">Erwin, James L. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3NV6QTmv8BcC&pg=PA51"><i>Declarations of Independence: Encyclopedia of American Autonomous and Secessionist Movement</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 52–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33267-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33267-8"><bdi>978-0-313-33267-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Declarations+of+Independence%3A+Encyclopedia+of+American+Autonomous+and+Secessionist+Movement&rft.pages=52-53&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33267-8&rft.aulast=Erwin&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3NV6QTmv8BcC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerson1968" class="citation book cs1">Gerson, Noel B. (1968). <i>Franklin: America's "Lost State"</i>. New York: Crowell-Collier. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/228843">228843</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franklin%3A+America%27s+%22Lost+State%22&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crowell-Collier&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F228843&rft.aulast=Gerson&rft.aufirst=Noel+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandrum1959" class="citation book cs1">Landrum, J. B. O. (1959). <i>Colonial and Revolutionary History of Upper South Carolina</i>. South Carolina heritage series, no. 1. Spartanburg, SC: Reprint Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3521908">3521908</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+and+Revolutionary+History+of+Upper+South+Carolina&rft.place=Spartanburg%2C+SC&rft.series=South+Carolina+heritage+series%2C+no.+1.&rft.pub=Reprint+Co&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3521908&rft.aulast=Landrum&rft.aufirst=J.+B.+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsCarl_S._Driver1974" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Samuel Cole; Carl S. Driver (1974). <i>History of the Lost State of Franklin</i>. Johnson City, TN: Overmountain. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87991-348-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87991-348-9"><bdi>978-0-87991-348-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Lost+State+of+Franklin&rft.place=Johnson+City%2C+TN&rft.pub=Overmountain&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-87991-348-9&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Cole&rft.au=Carl+S.+Driver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoosevelt1898" class="citation book cs1">Roosevelt, Theodore (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/11943/11943-8.txt"><i>The Winning of the West, Vol III</i></a>. Review of Reviews, Co. – via <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a>. <q>Text document</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Winning+of+the+West%2C+Vol+III&rft.pub=Review+of+Reviews%2C+Co.&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Roosevelt&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F11943%2F11943-8.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AState+of+Franklin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/WILLSF/home.html">Samuel Cole Williams, "History of the Lost State of Franklin", 362pp, 1924 rev. 1933</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/civilpoliticalhi00hayw/civilpoliticalhi00hayw_djvu.txt">"The civil and political history of the state of Tennessee from its earliest settlement up to the year 1796, including the boundaries of the state"</a></li> <li>J. G. M. Ramsey; <i>The Annals of Tennessee to the End of the Eighteenth Century</i>; 1853; Chapter: "The State of Franklin."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_of_Franklin&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newrivernotes.com/nc/wnc.htm">History of Western North Carolina</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1592249">NPR Interview with Michael Toomey of the East Tennessee Historical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stateoffranklin.net/johnsons/pdf/barksdale_state_of_franklin.pdf"><i>Upon the Shoulders of Giants: Deconstructing the Lost State of Franklin, 1784–2005</i>. Kevin T. Barksdale, 2005.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_Republic_of_Franklin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible Expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_of_Franklin" title="Template:State of Franklin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_of_Franklin" title="Template talk:State of Franklin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_of_Franklin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State of Franklin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free_Republic_of_Franklin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">Free Republic</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Franklin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Jonesborough,_Tennessee" title="Jonesborough, Tennessee">Jonesborough</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:State_of_Franklin" title="Category:State of Franklin">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watauga_Association" title="Watauga Association">Watauga Association</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Cession_and_rescindment">Background</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Secessionist_movement">Secession</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Independent_republic">Independence</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Franklin's_end">Dissolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tennessee#State_of_Franklin" title="History of Tennessee">Brief history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physiographic_province" title="Physiographic province">Topographic Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Mountains" title="Cumberland Mountains">Cumberland Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Plateau" title="Cumberland Plateau">Cumberland Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley" title="Tennessee Valley">Tennessee Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Gap" title="Cumberland Gap">Cumberland Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Broad_River" title="French Broad River">French Broad River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwassee_River" title="Hiwassee River">Hiwassee River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holston_River" title="Holston River">Holston River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_(Tennessee)" title="Long Island (Tennessee)">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nolichucky_River" title="Nolichucky River">Nolichucky River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycamore_Shoals" title="Sycamore Shoals">Sycamore Shoals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watauga_River" title="Watauga River">Watauga River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greeneville,_Tennessee" title="Greeneville, Tennessee">Greeneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogersville,_Tennessee" title="Rogersville, Tennessee">Rogersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonesborough,_Tennessee" title="Jonesborough, Tennessee">Jonesborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsport,_Tennessee" title="Kingsport, Tennessee">Salt Lick</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingsport,_Tennessee" title="Kingsport, Tennessee">Kingsport</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White%27s_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="White's Fort">White's Fort</a> (<a href="/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee">Knoxville</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The western counties of<br />North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_District,_North_Carolina" title="Washington District, North Carolina">The Washington District</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Blount_County,_Tennessee" title="Blount County, Tennessee">Blount</a></b></li> <li><b>Caswell</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamblen_County,_Tennessee" title="Hamblen County, Tennessee">Hamblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Tennessee" title="Jefferson County, Tennessee">Jefferson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Greene</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocke_County,_Tennessee" title="Cocke County, Tennessee">Cocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Tennessee" title="Greene County, Tennessee">Greene</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hawkins_County,_Tennessee" title="Hawkins County, Tennessee">Spencer</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sevier_County,_Tennessee" title="Sevier County, Tennessee">Sevier</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Tennessee" title="Sullivan County, Tennessee">Sullivan</a></b></li> <li><b>Washington</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicoi_County,_Tennessee" title="Unicoi County, Tennessee">Unicoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Tennessee" title="Washington County, Tennessee">Washington</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Wayne</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carter_County,_Tennessee" title="Carter County, Tennessee">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Tennessee" title="Johnson County, Tennessee">Johnson</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable Franklinites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Cage_(Tennessee_politician)" title="William Cage (Tennessee politician)">William Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_(judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Campbell (judge)">David Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cocke" title="William Cocke">William Cocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett" title="Davy Crockett">David "Davy" Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Doak" title="Samuel Doak">Samuel Doak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hardin,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Hardin, Sr.">Col. Joseph Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sevier" title="John Sevier">Col. John Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_White_(General)" class="mw-redirect" title="James White (General)">James White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impediments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>To settlers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chickamauga_Cherokee" title="Chickamauga Cherokee">Chickamauga Cherokee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragging_Canoe" title="Dragging Canoe">Dragging Canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw" title="Chickasaw">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Cherokee_settlements" title="Historic Cherokee settlements">Cherokee settlements</a></li></ul></li> <li>To statehood <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Congress of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tipton_(Tennessee_frontiersman)" title="John Tipton (Tennessee frontiersman)">John Tipton</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_contemporary_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_United_States" title="Template:Former sovereign or unrecognized states within the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Former sovereign or unrecognized states within the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Former sovereign or unrecognized states within the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_sovereign_or_unrecognized_states_within_the_contemporary_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign</a> or <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_unrecognized_states" title="List of historical unrecognized states">unrecognized states</a> within the contemporary <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Kingdoms and Provinces of New Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a>, 1565–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1598–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Tejas</a>, 1690–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a>, 1776–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">Florida Oriental</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Florida" title="Spanish West Florida">Florida Occidental</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">La Luisiana</a>, 1769–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1804–1821</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watauga_Association" title="Watauga Association">Republic of Watauga</a> (1772–1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a> (1775–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">United States of America</a> (1776–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Vermont Republic</a> (1777–1791)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">State of Franklin</a> (1784–1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Oconee_Republic" title="Trans-Oconee Republic">Trans-Oconee Republic</a> (1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaiian Kingdom</a> (1795–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Muskogee" title="State of Muskogee">State of Muskogee</a> (1799–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_West_Florida" title="Republic of West Florida">Republic of West Florida</a> (1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_East_Florida" title="Republic of East Florida">Republic of East Florida</a> (1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guti%C3%A9rrez%E2%80%93Magee_Expedition" title="Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition">First Republic of Texas</a> (1812–1813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Floridas" title="Republic of the Floridas">Republic of the Floridas</a> (1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Expedition" title="Long Expedition">Second Republic of Texas</a> (1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Mexico" title="Provisional Government of Mexico">Provisional Government of Mexico</a> (1823–1824) <ul><li>1835–1846; <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Texas" title="Mexican Texas">Mexican Texas</a>, 1821–1824</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1821–1836</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1821–1846</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_de_Occidente" title="Estado de Occidente">Sonora y Sinaloa</a>, 1824–1830</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuila_y_Tejas" title="Coahuila y Tejas">Coahuila y Tejas</a>, 1824–1835</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a>, 1836–1846</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredonian_Rebellion" title="Fredonian Rebellion">Republic of Fredonia</a> (1826–1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Madawaska" title="Republic of Madawaska">Republic of Madawaska</a> (1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Indian_Stream" title="Republic of Indian Stream">Republic of Indian Stream</a> (1832–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> (1834–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> (1836–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Rio_Grande" title="Republic of the Rio Grande">Republic of the Rio Grande</a> (1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Oregon" title="Provisional Government of Oregon">Provisional Government of Oregon</a> (1841–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Republic" title="California Republic">California Republic</a> (1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Deseret" title="State of Deseret">State of Deseret</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_and_Ready,_California" title="Rough and Ready, California">The Great Republic of Rough and Ready</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Island_(Lake_Michigan)" title="Beaver Island (Lake Michigan)">The Kingdom of Beaver Island</a> (1850–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> <ul><li>1861–1865; <a href="/wiki/Alabama_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Alabama in the American Civil War">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Arkansas in the American Civil War">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Florida in the American Civil War">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Georgia in the American Civil War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Kentucky" title="Confederate government of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Louisiana in the American Civil War">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Mississippi in the American Civil War">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Missouri" title="Confederate government of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="South Carolina in the American Civil War">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Tennessee in the American Civil War">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Texas in the American Civil War">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Virginia in the American Civil War">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_West_Virginia" title="Confederate government of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_County,_Mississippi" title="Jones County, Mississippi">Free State of Jones</a> (1863–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Hawaii" title="Provisional Government of Hawaii">Provisional Government of Hawaii</a> (1893–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii" title="Republic of Hawaii">Republic of Hawaii</a> (1894–1898)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-text-bottom noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/24px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/32px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Territories of the United States">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Benjamin_Franklin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Benjamin_Franklin" title="Template:Benjamin Franklin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Benjamin_Franklin" title="Template talk:Benjamin Franklin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Benjamin_Franklin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Benjamin Franklin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Benjamin_Franklin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Pennsylvania" title="List of governors of Pennsylvania">President of Pennsylvania (1785–1788)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_France" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to France">Ambassador to France (1779–1785)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founding of the<br />United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Join,_or_Die" title="Join, or Die"><i>Join, or Die.</i> (1754 political cartoon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Plan" title="Albany Plan">Albany Plan of Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Congress" title="Albany Congress">Albany Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_letters_affair" title="Hutchinson letters affair">Hutchinson letters affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Secret_Correspondence" title="Committee of Secret Correspondence">Committee of Secret Correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">Committee of Five</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">"...to be self-evident"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Treaty" title="Model Treaty">Model Treaty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-American_alliance" title="Franco-American alliance">Franco-American alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity_and_Commerce_(France%E2%80%93United_States)" title="Treaty of Amity and Commerce (France–United States)">Treaty of Amity and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778)" title="Treaty of Alliance (1778)">Treaty of Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Peace_Conference" title="Staten Island Peace Conference">Staten Island Peace Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution_of_1776" title="Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776">1776 Pennsylvania Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas_Americana" title="Libertas Americana">Libertas Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris, 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania#Government" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inventions,<br />other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_electrostatic_machine" title="Franklin's electrostatic machine">Franklin's electrostatic machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifocals" title="Bifocals">Bifocals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_stove" title="Franklin stove">Franklin stove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_harmonica#Franklin's_armonica" title="Glass harmonica">Glass armonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream#History" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream exploration, naming, and chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_rod" title="Lightning rod">Lightning rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_experiment" title="Kite experiment">Kite experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pay_it_forward" title="Pay it forward">Pay it forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associators" title="Associators">Associators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/111th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="111th Infantry Regiment (United States)">111th Infantry Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junto_(club)" title="Junto (club)">Junto club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_Company_of_Philadelphia" title="Library Company of Philadelphia">Library Company of Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hospital" title="Pennsylvania Hospital">Pennsylvania Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_and_College_of_Philadelphia" title="Academy and College of Philadelphia">Academy and College of Philadelphia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Contributionship" title="Philadelphia Contributionship">Philadelphia Contributionship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Fire_Company" title="Union Fire Company">Union Fire Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_American_currency" title="Early American currency">Early American currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental Currency dollar coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugio_cent" title="Fugio cent">Fugio cent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States#Early_postal_history" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">United States Postal Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_street_lighting_in_the_United_States" title="History of street lighting in the United States">Street lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Abolition_Society" title="Pennsylvania Abolition Society">President, Pennsylvania Abolition Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Neuf_S%C5%93urs" title="Les Neuf Sœurs">Master, Les Neuf Sœurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Burial_Ground" title="Christ Church Burial Ground">Gravesite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Papers_of_Benjamin_Franklin" title="The Papers of Benjamin Franklin">The Papers of Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silence_Dogood" title="Silence Dogood">Silence Dogood letters (1722)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Dissertation_on_Liberty_and_Necessity,_Pleasure_and_Pain" title="A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain"><i>A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain</i> (1725)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Busy-Body_(pen_name)" title="The Busy-Body (pen name)">The Busy-Body columns (1729)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pennsylvania_Gazette" title="The Pennsylvania Gazette"><i>The Pennsylvania Gazette</i> (1729–1790)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_American_publishers_and_printers" title="Early American publishers and printers">Early American publishers and printers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Richard%27s_Almanack" title="Poor Richard's Almanack"><i>Poor Richard's Almanack</i> (1732–1758)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Drinker%27s_Dictionary" title="The Drinker's Dictionary">The Drinker's Dictionary (1737)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advice_to_a_Friend_on_Choosing_a_Mistress" title="Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress">"Advice to a Friend on Choosing a Mistress" (1745)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_of_Polly_Baker" title="The Speech of Polly Baker">"The Speech of Polly Baker" (1747)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observations_Concerning_the_Increase_of_Mankind,_Peopling_of_Countries,_etc." title="Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc."><i>Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.</i> (1751)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experiments_and_Observations_on_Electricity" title="Experiments and Observations on Electricity"><i>Experiments and Observations on Electricity</i> (1751)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Birch#Copies_of_Franklin_letters" title="Thomas Birch">Birch letters (1755)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Way_to_Wealth" title="The Way to Wealth"><i>The Way to Wealth</i> (1758)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Chronicle" title="Pennsylvania Chronicle"><i>Pennsylvania Chronicle</i> (1767)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Rules_By_Which_A_Great_Empire_May_Be_Reduced_To_A_Small_One" class="extiw" title="s:Rules By Which A Great Empire May Be Reduced To A Small One"><i>Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One</i> (1773)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_removal#Benjamin_Franklin" title="Indian removal">Proposed alliance with the Iroquois (1775)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Letter_to_a_Royal_Academy" title="A Letter to a Royal Academy"><i>A Letter to a Royal Academy</i> (1781)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_savage#Benjamin_Franklin's_Remarks_Concerning_the_Savages_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble savage"><i>Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America</i> (1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Morals_of_Chess" title="The Morals of Chess">"The Morals of Chess" (1786)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/An_Address_to_the_Public" class="extiw" title="s:An Address to the Public"><i>An Address to the Public</i> (1789)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Plan_for_Improving_the_Condition_of_the_Free_Blacks" class="extiw" title="s:A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks"><i>A Plan for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks</i> (1789)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Autobiography_of_Benjamin_Franklin" title="The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin"><i>The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin</i> (1771–1790, pub. 1791)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagatelles_and_Satires" title="Bagatelles and Satires"><i>Bagatelles and Satires</i> (pub. 1845)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers#The_New_England_Courant" title="History of American newspapers">Franklin as a journalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin%27s_phonetic_alphabet" title="Benjamin Franklin's phonetic alphabet">Franklin's phonetic alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Benjamin_Franklin" title="Bibliography of Benjamin Franklin">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Court" title="Franklin Court">Franklin Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_House" title="Benjamin Franklin House">Benjamin Franklin House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology">Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Parkway" title="Benjamin Franklin Parkway">Benjamin Franklin Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_National_Memorial" title="Benjamin Franklin National Memorial">Benjamin Franklin National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute_Awards" title="Franklin Institute Awards">awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Medal" title="Franklin Medal">medal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Medal_(American_Philosophical_Society)" title="Benjamin Franklin Medal (American Philosophical Society)">Benjamin Franklin Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Medal_(Royal_Society_of_Arts)" title="Benjamin Franklin Medal (Royal Society of Arts)">Royal Society of Arts medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">Depicted in <i>The Apotheosis of Washington</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(painting)" title="Treaty of Paris (painting)">Treaty of Paris</a></i> (1783 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Drawing_Electricity_from_the_Sky" title="Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky">Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky</a></i> (1816 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Boston)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Chicago)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Chicago)">Chicago statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Columbus,_Ohio)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Columbus, Ohio)">Columbus, Ohio, statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(University_of_Pennsylvania)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (University of Pennsylvania)">University of Pennsylvania statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Portland, Oregon)">Portland, Oregon, statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(San_Francisco)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (San Francisco)">San Francisco statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Stanford_University)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Stanford University)">Stanford University statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Benjamin_Franklin_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Benjamin Franklin (Washington, D.C.)">Washington D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial#Exterior" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial pediment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refunding_Certificate" title="Refunding Certificate">Refunding Certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_half_dollar" title="Franklin half dollar">Franklin half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-dollar bill">One-hundred-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_silver_dollar" title="Benjamin Franklin silver dollar">Franklin silver dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin stamps</a> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Benjamin_Franklin_on_stamps" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Benjamin Franklin on stamps">other stamps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_for_Benjamin_Franklin" title="List of places named for Benjamin Franklin">Cities, counties, schools named for Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_College" title="Benjamin Franklin College">Benjamin Franklin College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Field" title="Franklin Field">Franklin Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Franklin_(New_Hampshire)" title="Mount Franklin (New Hampshire)">Mount Franklin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">State of Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Ben_(MLS_supporters_association)" title="Sons of Ben (MLS supporters association)">Sons of Ben (Philadelphia Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Franklin" title="USS Franklin">Ships named USS <i>Franklin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Franklin_effect" title="Ben Franklin effect">Ben Franklin effect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_in_popular_culture" title="Benjamin Franklin in popular culture">In popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_and_Me" title="Ben and Me"><i>Ben and Me</i> (1953 short)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Franklin_in_Paris" title="Ben Franklin in Paris"><i>Ben Franklin in Paris</i> (1964 musical play)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1776_(musical)" title="1776 (musical)"><i>1776</i> (1969 musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1776_(film)" title="1776 (film)">1972 film</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_(miniseries)" title="Benjamin Franklin (miniseries)"><i>Benjamin Franklin</i> (miniseries)</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)"><i>A More Perfect Union</i> (1989 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty!" title="Liberty!"><i>Liberty!</i> (1997 documentary series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty%27s_Kids" title="Liberty's Kids"><i>Liberty's Kids</i> (2002 animated series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_(2002_TV_series)" title="Benjamin Franklin (2002 TV series)"><i>Benjamin Franklin</i> (2002 documentary series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(miniseries)" title="John Adams (miniseries)"><i>John Adams</i> (2008 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty_(miniseries)" title="Sons of Liberty (miniseries)"><i>Sons of Liberty</i> (2015 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_(film)" title="Benjamin Franklin (film)"><i>Benjamin Franklin</i> (2022 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(miniseries)" title="Franklin (miniseries)"><i>Franklin</i> (2024 miniseries)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New-England_Courant" title="The New-England Courant">The New-England Courant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Museum_(magazine)" title="The American Museum (magazine)"><i>The American Museum</i> magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Read" title="Deborah Read">Deborah Read (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Franklin" title="William Franklin">William Franklin (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Folger_Franklin" title="Francis Folger Franklin">Francis Franklin (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Franklin_Bache" title="Sarah Franklin Bache">Sarah Franklin Bache (daughter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Temple_Franklin" title="William Temple Franklin">William Franklin (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Bache" title="Benjamin Franklin Bache">Benjamin F. Bache (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Franklin_Bache" title="Louis Franklin Bache">Louis F. Bache (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bache_Jr." title="Richard Bache Jr.">Richard Bache Jr. (grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_A._Harwood" title="Andrew A. Harwood">Andrew Harwood (great-grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dallas_Bache" title="Alexander Dallas Bache">Alexander Bache (great-grandson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Franklin" title="Josiah Franklin">Josiah Franklin (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Franklin_(printer)" title="James Franklin (printer)">James Franklin (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Franklin_Mecom" title="Jane Franklin Mecom">Jane Mecom (sister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Morrell_Folger" title="Mary Morrell Folger">Mary Morrell Folger (grandmother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Folger_(Nantucket_settler)" title="Peter Folger (Nantucket settler)">Peter Folger (grandfather)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bache" title="Richard Bache">Richard Bache (son-in-law)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Smith_Franklin" title="Ann Smith Franklin">Ann Smith Franklin (sister-in-law)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Benjamin_Franklin" title="Category:Benjamin Franklin">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Davy_Crockett" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Davy_Crockett" title="Template:Davy Crockett"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Davy_Crockett" title="Template talk:Davy Crockett"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Davy_Crockett" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Davy Crockett"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Davy_Crockett" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett" title="Davy Crockett">Davy Crockett</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and<br />personal life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett" title="Davy Crockett">Davy Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crockett_(frontiersman)" title="John Crockett (frontiersman)">John Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Crockett" title="John Wesley Crockett">John Wesley Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Walcutt" title="Charles C. Walcutt">Charles C. Walcutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Tennessee_Historical_Society" title="East Tennessee Historical Society">East Tennessee Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone,_Tennessee" title="Limestone, Tennessee">Limestone, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">State of Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogersville_Historic_District" title="Rogersville Historic District">Rogersville Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Freemasons_(A_-_D)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Freemasons (A - D)">List of Freemasons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_political_families_(C)" title="List of United States political families (C)">United States political families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Tennessee's 9th congressional district">Tennessee's 9th congressional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Tennessee's 12th congressional district">Tennessee's 12th congressional district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_in_the_20th_Congress_by_seniority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 20th Congress by seniority">U.S. 20th House of Representatives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Texas and<br />the Alamo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Alamo" title="Battle of the Alamo">Battle of the Alamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alamo_defenders" title="List of Alamo defenders">List of Alamo defenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Alamo" title="Siege of the Alamo">Siege of the Alamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Dickinson" title="Susanna Dickinson">Susanna Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Antonio_Ruiz" title="Francisco Antonio Ruiz">Francisco Antonio Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterne-Hoya_House_Museum_and_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Sterne-Hoya House Museum and Library">Sterne-Hoya House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honors and<br />memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tennessee</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_David_Crockett_statue_(Lawrenceburg,_Tennessee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel David Crockett statue (Lawrenceburg, Tennessee)">Colonel David Crockett statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockett_County,_Tennessee" title="Crockett County, Tennessee">Crockett County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockett_Tavern_Museum" title="Crockett Tavern Museum">Crockett Tavern Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crockett_Birthplace_State_Park" title="David Crockett Birthplace State Park">David Crockett Birthplace State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_Lake_(Greene_County,_Tennessee)" title="Davy Crockett Lake (Greene County, Tennessee)">Davy Crockett Lake, Greene County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_Lake_(Crockett_County,_Tennessee)" title="Davy Crockett Lake (Crockett County, Tennessee)">Davy Crockett Lake, Crockett County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crockett_State_Park" title="David Crockett State Park">David Crockett State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crockett_High_School_(Tennessee)" title="David Crockett High School (Tennessee)">David Crockett High School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Texas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Cenotaph" title="Alamo Cenotaph">Alamo Cenotaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_National_Forest" title="Davy Crockett National Forest">Davy Crockett National Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockett_County,_Texas" title="Crockett County, Texas">Crockett County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockett,_Texas" title="Crockett, Texas">Crockett, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockett_High_School_(Crockett,_Texas)" title="Crockett High School (Crockett, Texas)">Crockett High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crockett_High_School_(Austin,_Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Crockett High School (Austin, Texas)">David Crockett High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_Lake_(Fannin_County,_Texas)" title="Davy Crockett Lake (Fannin County, Texas)">Davy Crockett Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Crockett" title="Fort Crockett">Fort Crockett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_(miniseries)" title="Davy Crockett (miniseries)"><i>Davy Crockett </i> miniseries</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett:_King_of_the_Wild_Frontier" title="Davy Crockett: King of the Wild Frontier">Davy Crockett: King of the Wild Frontier</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_and_the_River_Pirates" title="Davy Crockett and the River Pirates">Davy Crockett and the River Pirates</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Alamo:_13_Days_to_Glory" title="The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory">The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tall_Tales_and_Legends" class="mw-redirect" title="Tall Tales and Legends">Tall Tales and Legends</a> </i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/James_A._Michener%27s_Texas" title="James A. Michener's Texas">James A. Michener's Texas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dear_America" title="Dear America">A Line in the Sand</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MythBusters_(2009_season)#Davy_Crockett's_Magic_Bullet" title="MythBusters (2009 season)"><i>MythBusters</i> – "Davy Crockett's Magic Bullet"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Alamo_(1960_film)" title="The Alamo (1960 film)"><i>The Alamo</i> (1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alamo_(2004_film)" title="The Alamo (2004 film)"><i>The Alamo</i> (2004)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_%E2%80%93_In_Hearts_United" title="Davy Crockett – In Hearts United">Davy Crockett – In Hearts United</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_(1910_film)" title="Davy Crockett (1910 film)"><i>Davy Crockett</i> (1910)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Alamo" title="Martyrs of the Alamo">Martyrs of the Alamo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_(1916_film)" title="Davy Crockett (1916 film)"><i>Davy Crockett</i> (1916)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/With_Davy_Crockett_at_the_Fall_of_the_Alamo" title="With Davy Crockett at the Fall of the Alamo">With Davy Crockett at the Fall of the Alamo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Painted_Stallion" title="The Painted Stallion">The Painted Stallion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heroes_of_the_Alamo" title="Heroes of the Alamo">Heroes of the Alamo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_of_Conquest" title="Man of Conquest">Man of Conquest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_from_the_Alamo" title="The Man from the Alamo">The Man from the Alamo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Command_(1955_film)" title="The Last Command (1955 film)">The Last Command</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Texan" title="The First Texan">The First Texan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alamo:_The_Price_of_Freedom" title="Alamo: The Price of Freedom">Alamo: The Price of Freedom</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_(play)" title="Davy Crockett (play)">Davy Crockett</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Davy_Crockett" title="The Ballad of Davy Crockett">The Ballad of Davy Crockett</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riders_in_the_Sky_Present:_Davy_Crockett,_King_of_the_Wild_Frontier" title="Riders in the Sky Present: Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier">Riders in the Sky Present: Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier</a> </i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_works_on_Davy_Crockett" title="Bibliography of works on Davy Crockett">Bibliography of works on Davy Crockett</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roswell,_Texas_(webcomic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roswell, Texas (webcomic)">Roswell, Texas (webcomic)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boone_and_Crockett_Club" title="Boone and Crockett Club">Boone and Crockett Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney%27s_Davy_Crockett_Ranch" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney's Davy Crockett Ranch">Disney's Davy Crockett Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett_Explorer_Canoes" title="Davy Crockett Explorer Canoes">Davy Crockett Explorer Canoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney%27s_Riverfront_Square" title="Walt Disney's Riverfront Square">Walt Disney's Riverfront Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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