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<li id="toc-Trump_criticism_of_Joe_Biden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trump_criticism_of_Joe_Biden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.3.1 Trump criticism of Joe Biden </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trump_criticism_of_Joe_Biden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In-person_campaign_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In-person_campaign_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.3.2 In-person campaign events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In-person_campaign_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brief_change_in_stance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brief_change_in_stance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.4 Brief change in stance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brief_change_in_stance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continued_downplaying_by_the_Trump_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continued_downplaying_by_the_Trump_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.5 Continued downplaying by the Trump administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continued_downplaying_by_the_Trump_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-White_House_outbreak_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_House_outbreak_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.6 White House outbreak and aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_House_outbreak_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_debates_and_town_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_debates_and_town_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.7 Presidential debates and town halls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_debates_and_town_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transition_to_the_Biden_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_to_the_Biden_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 Transition to the Biden administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_to_the_Biden_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issuance_of_guidance_for_vaccinated_individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issuance_of_guidance_for_vaccinated_individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.2 Issuance of guidance for vaccinated individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issuance_of_guidance_for_vaccinated_individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CDC_drops_mask_recommendations_for_the_fully-vaccinated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CDC_drops_mask_recommendations_for_the_fully-vaccinated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.3 CDC drops mask recommendations for the fully-vaccinated </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CDC_drops_mask_recommendations_for_the_fully-vaccinated-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reinstatement_of_mask_recommendations_and_mandates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reinstatement_of_mask_recommendations_and_mandates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4 Reinstatement of mask recommendations and mandates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reinstatement_of_mask_recommendations_and_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Federal policy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Federal_policy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Federal policy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Federal_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Calls_for_federal_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calls_for_federal_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Calls for federal policies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calls_for_federal_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Action_by_the_Biden_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Action_by_the_Biden_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Action by the Biden administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Action_by_the_Biden_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Supply </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Supply-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Supply subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Theft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Counterfeit_masks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Counterfeit_masks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Counterfeit masks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counterfeit_masks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attitudes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attitudes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Attitudes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attitudes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Attitudes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Attitudes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protection_of_others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection_of_others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Protection of others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection_of_others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Political views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Among_racial_minorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Among_racial_minorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Among racial minorities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Among_racial_minorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confrontations_over_mask_requirements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confrontations_over_mask_requirements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Confrontations over mask requirements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confrontations_over_mask_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearance_of_vulnerability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearance_of_vulnerability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Appearance of vulnerability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearance_of_vulnerability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempts_to_incentivize_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempts_to_incentivize_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Attempts to incentivize usage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempts_to_incentivize_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mask_use_and_policies_by_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mask_use_and_policies_by_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Mask use and policies by state </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mask_use_and_policies_by_state-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Mask use and policies by state subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Mask_use_and_policies_by_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enforcement_and_challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enforcement_and_challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Enforcement and challenges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enforcement_and_challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_stances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_stances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Political stances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_stances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_of_orders_and_recommendations_issued_by_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_orders_and_recommendations_issued_by_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Summary of orders and recommendations issued by states </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_orders_and_recommendations_issued_by_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">US Health control procedure against COVID-19</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For background on US respirator regulations, see <a href="/wiki/N95_respirator" title="N95 respirator">N95 respirator</a> and <a href="/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating" title="NIOSH air filtration rating">NIOSH air filtration rating</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BART_Milpitas_station_platform_2_at_opening_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BART_Milpitas_station_platform_2_at_opening_ceremony.jpg/255px-BART_Milpitas_station_platform_2_at_opening_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BART_Milpitas_station_platform_2_at_opening_ceremony.jpg/383px-BART_Milpitas_station_platform_2_at_opening_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/BART_Milpitas_station_platform_2_at_opening_ceremony.jpg/510px-BART_Milpitas_station_platform_2_at_opening_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A crowd of <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">Bay Area Rapid Transit</a> riders in June 2020 following CDC face mask guidelines at <a href="/wiki/Milpitas_station" title="Milpitas station">Milpitas station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milpitas,_California" title="Milpitas, California">Milpitas, California</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Facemask_Lowes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/COVID-19_Facemask_Lowes.jpg/220px-COVID-19_Facemask_Lowes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/COVID-19_Facemask_Lowes.jpg/330px-COVID-19_Facemask_Lowes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/COVID-19_Facemask_Lowes.jpg/440px-COVID-19_Facemask_Lowes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2410" data-file-height="3246" /></a><figcaption>A sign offering free COVID-19 face masks at a retailer in the United States.</figcaption></figure> The wearing of <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">non-medical face masks</a> in public to lessen the transmission of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 in the United States</a> was first recommended by the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">CDC</a> on April 3, 2020, as supplemental to <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">hygiene</a> and appropriate <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">social distancing</a>. Throughout the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">pandemic</a>, various states, counties, and municipalities have issued health orders requiring the wearing of non-medical face coverings — such as <a href="/wiki/Cloth_face_mask" title="Cloth face mask">cloth masks</a> — in spaces and businesses accessible to the public, especially when physical distancing is not possible. Federal officials initially discouraged the general public from wearing masks for protecting themselves from COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-Yan-2020-1">[1]</a> In early April, federal officials reversed their guidance, saying that the general public should wear masks to lessen transmission by themselves, particularly from <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier" title="Asymptomatic carrier">asymptomatic carriers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPRMasks2-2">[2]</a> Public health experts such as <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gostin" title="Larry Gostin">Larry Gostin</a> stated that federal officials should have recommended mask-wearing sooner;<a href="#cite_note-NPRMasks2-2">[2]</a> others noted that US government guidance lagged significantly behind mask recommendations in East Asian countries and likely exacerbated the scale of the pandemic in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-PikeVox-3">[3]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> largely resisted wearing masks in public media appearances,<a href="#cite_note-Wise-2020-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gregorian-2020-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carlisle-2020-6">[6]</a> and did not mandate their use at his <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">campaign events</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Boehm-2020-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bender-2020-8">[8]</a> After briefly encouraging their use in mid-July,<a href="#cite_note-Robertson-2020-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-O'Reilly-2020-10">[10]</a> Trump continued to hold campaign events (such as the <a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">2020 Republican National Convention</a>) where masks were not widely used,<a href="#cite_note-LeBlanc-2020-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bump-2020-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Restuccia-2020-13">[13]</a> and publicly mocked <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> for wearing face masks in public appearances.<a href="#cite_note-Samuels-2020-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBSMock-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-LeBlanc-2020-11">[11]</a> After Biden was sworn in as president in January 2021, his first <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive orders</a> included mandating the wearing of masks on public transport systems and more vigorous enforcement of COVID-19-related health and safety protocols, including masks on federal properties. In April and May 2021, as the country's <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">vaccination program</a> increased in pace, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) issued successive guidelines stating that fully vaccinated individuals did not need to wear masks or physically distance when in public. The announcement faced a mixed reception, with critics arguing that this guidance primarily relied on an <a href="/wiki/Honor_system" title="Honor system">honor system</a>, and may have been premature given the country's progress on vaccination at the time. In July, due to rising cases mainly caused by the more transmissible <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta variant</a>, the CDC issued a recommendation that face masks be worn by anyone in an indoor public space if "substantial and high transmission" exists locally.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The CDC mask mandate for public transport was further extended into 2022, due to the similar threat of the <a href="/wiki/Omicron_variant" class="mw-redirect" title="Omicron variant">Omicron variant</a>. By late-February 2022, the CDC had adjusted its metrics for "substantial and high transmission" to account for mitigating factors, stating that masks were not necessarily needed in roughly 70% of the country. By April 2022, nearly all state-level mask mandates had been lifted, and the CDC's mask mandate for airplanes and public transport was struck down as unlawful. Mask mandates have been divisive with attitudes generally varying along the <a href="/wiki/Left%E2%80%93right_political_spectrum" title="Left–right political spectrum">political spectrum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Samuels-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>-led states were, initially, less likely to impose health orders requiring the wearing of masks than <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>-led states. Several states, including Arizona, Georgia, and Texas, took actions to block localized health orders requiring masks, but later softened their stances to help control local spikes.<a href="#cite_note-Weiner-2020-18">[18]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Timeline">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CDC-_purpose_of_wearing_a_face_mask_during_COVID-19_pandemic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/CDC-_purpose_of_wearing_a_face_mask_during_COVID-19_pandemic.jpg/220px-CDC-_purpose_of_wearing_a_face_mask_during_COVID-19_pandemic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/CDC-_purpose_of_wearing_a_face_mask_during_COVID-19_pandemic.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">CDC</a> poster recommending the use of non-medical face masks to slow transmission of COVID-19.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 2020">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_recommendations">Early recommendations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early recommendations">edit</a>]</div> Initially, the U.S. government did not recommend the use of face masks by the general public outside of medical settings to protect themselves from COVID-19, as to prevent shortages of medical-grade <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> (PPE) for doctors treating COVID-19 patients.<a href="#cite_note-Jingnan-2020-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-JankowiczBI-20">[20]</a> In February 2020, <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States" title="Surgeon General of the United States">Surgeon General</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Adams" title="Jerome Adams">Jerome M. Adams</a> stated that proper hygiene and getting a <a href="/wiki/Flu_vaccine" class="mw-redirect" title="Flu vaccine">flu vaccine</a> were appropriate preventive actions to be taken by the public, and stated on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> that masks should be saved for healthcare professionals, and that they were "NOT effective in preventing [the] general public from catching Coronavirus".<a href="#cite_note-Asmelash-2020-21">[21]</a> CDC director <a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Redfield" title="Robert R. Redfield">Robert R. Redfield</a> also stated that healthy people did not need to wear masks.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-22">[22]</a> In a March 8 interview with <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a>, Director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> (NIAID) <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> similarly argued that "when you're in the middle of an outbreak, wearing a mask might make people feel a little bit better and it might even block a droplet, but it's not providing the perfect protection that people think that it is." Fauci again cited the need to conserve supplies of PPE for medical workers and those who were sick.<a href="#cite_note-Spencer-2020-23">[23]</a> In late March 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) published a recommendation that masks be used by those who are sick, or are caring for someone who is sick and not able to wear a mask themselves, and discouraged their use by healthy members of the general public.<a href="#cite_note-Jingnan-2020-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yan-2020-1">[1]</a> This guidance was consistent with that of the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Yan-2020-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Recommendations_on_using_masks_to_reduce_transmission">Recommendations on using masks to reduce transmission</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Recommendations on using masks to reduce transmission">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv/220px--Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="16" data-mwtitle="Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv/Government_of_California_Slow_the_Spread_video.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>A public service announcement from the Government of California encouraging people to wear masks to "slow the spread".</figcaption></figure> In late March 2020, some government officials began to focus on the wearing of masks to help prevent transmission of COVID-19 as opposed to protecting the wearer; former <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Food_and_Drugs" title="Commissioner of Food and Drugs">FDA Commissioner</a> <a href="/wiki/Scott_Gottlieb" title="Scott Gottlieb">Scott Gottlieb</a> stated in a report that face masks would be "most effective" at slowing its spread if widely used (citing <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">South Korea</a> as examples), as "they may help prevent people who are <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier" title="Asymptomatic carrier">asymptomatically</a> infected from transmitting the disease unknowingly".<a href="#cite_note-Jingnan-2020-19">[19]</a> On March 30, 2020, the Director of the CDC <a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Redfield" title="Robert R. Redfield">Robert R. Redfield</a> stated that the organization was evaluating data regarding use of masks by the general public. The next day, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> suggested in a <a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">White House Coronavirus Task Force</a> briefing that <a href="/wiki/Scarves" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarves">scarves</a> or "something else" could be worn as face coverings. COVID-19 response coordinator <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Birx" title="Deborah Birx">Deborah Birx</a> stated that the task force was discussing the addition of face masks to its guidance.<a href="#cite_note-Jingnan-2020-19">[19]</a> On April 3, 2020, the CDC issued guidance recommending that non-medical face coverings be worn in public when <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">social distancing</a> is difficult to maintain, such as at <a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">grocery stores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">pharmacies</a>, and especially in areas with significant amounts of <a href="/wiki/Community_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Community transmission">community transmission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The CDC published tutorials on making non-medical face masks, including a design only requiring a <a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">t-shirt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rubber_band" title="Rubber band">rubber bands</a>, and no sewing.<a href="#cite_note-Yan-2020-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jingnan-2020-19">[19]</a> When asked by <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">National Public Radio</a> about the April 3 reversal, the CDC cited studies from February and March showing presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission, and reports from Asian countries regarding the effectiveness of face coverings in this manner.<a href="#cite_note-NPRMasks2-2">[2]</a> Professor of public health <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gostin" title="Larry Gostin">Larry Gostin</a> said that the CDC could have revised its recommendation sooner; by maintaining its initial recommendation throughout March, it had given the public the impression that widespread mask usage was ineffective even though scientific evidence to the contrary was already available.<a href="#cite_note-NPRMasks2-2">[2]</a> The earlier recommendation damaged the agency's credibility.<a href="#cite_note-BackfiredNYT-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPRMasks-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Prospect-28">[28]</a> In a May 27 interview with <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, Fauci urged Americans to wear face masks in public as a sign of "respect" for others, and stated that he had been doing so himself "[because] I want to protect myself and protect others, and also because I want to make it be a symbol for people to see that that's the kind of thing you should be doing."<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> On June 5, amid the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">nationwide protests</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">police murder of George Floyd</a>, Fauci warned that people not wearing face masks in crowds may "propagate the further spread of infection".<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Downplaying_by_the_Trump_administration">Downplaying by the Trump administration</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Downplaying by the Trump administration">edit</a>]</div> Following the change in recommendations by the CDC, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> began to publicly downplay the use of face masks; during a media briefing on April 3, he emphasized that the new guidance was voluntary, and that he himself would not follow them.<a href="#cite_note-politico.com-32">[32]</a> When asked about his stance by a reporter, he explained that "somehow sitting in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> behind that beautiful <a href="/wiki/Resolute_desk" title="Resolute desk">Resolute desk</a>, the great Resolute desk, I think, and wearing a face mask as I greet presidents, prime ministers, dictators, kings, queens, [..] I just don't see it for myself."<a href="#cite_note-Vazquez-2020-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_Honeywell_International_Inc._(49863869247).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/President_Trump_Visits_Honeywell_International_Inc._%2849863869247%29.jpg/310px-President_Trump_Visits_Honeywell_International_Inc._%2849863869247%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/President_Trump_Visits_Honeywell_International_Inc._%2849863869247%29.jpg/465px-President_Trump_Visits_Honeywell_International_Inc._%2849863869247%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/President_Trump_Visits_Honeywell_International_Inc._%2849863869247%29.jpg/620px-President_Trump_Visits_Honeywell_International_Inc._%2849863869247%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>President Donald Trump touring a <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a> mask factory in May 2020; Trump did not publicly wear a mask at this media event.<a href="#cite_note-Mangan-2020-35">[35]</a></figcaption></figure> Trump and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> avoided being seen wearing face masks during media events, such as an April 28 visit to the <a href="/wiki/Mayo_Clinic" title="Mayo Clinic">Mayo Clinic</a> by Pence, and a visit by Trump to a <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a> factory producing respirators.<a href="#cite_note-Mangan-2020-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-36">[36]</a> After he was criticized for violating Mayo Clinic policies requiring masks to be worn by staff and visitors, Pence explained that he was regularly <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">tested</a> negative for COVID-19, and that, "I thought it'd be a good opportunity for me to be here, to be able to speak to these researchers, these incredible health care personnel, and look them in the eye and say 'thank you'."<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> On September 17, 2020, the Washington Post published a report on documents from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> obtained by American Oversight under the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a>, which included a draft press release dated April 2020 announcing that it planned to distribute 650 million reusable masks in five-packs to each residential address in the United States (beginning with areas identified as being hot spots at the time, including New York City and parts of Louisiana and Washington). An anonymous senior official told the Post that the proposed program had been scrapped due to "concern from some in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Domestic_Policy_Council" title="United States Domestic Policy Council">White House Domestic Policy Council</a> and the office of the vice president that households receiving masks might create concern or panic."<a href="#cite_note-Romm-2020-38">[38]</a> When visiting a ventilator factory on April 30, Pence was seen wearing a mask.<a href="#cite_note-politico.com-32">[32]</a> During a visit to a <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> plant in Ypsilanti, Michigan on May 21, Trump wore a cloth mask inscribed with the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the President of the United States">presidential seal</a>, but took it off before appearing for the media. Trump explained that he did not want to give the press the "pleasure" of seeing him wearing a mask.<a href="#cite_note-Wise-2020-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gregorian-2020-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carlisle-2020-6">[6]</a> Michigan Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Dana_Nessel" title="Dana Nessel">Dana Nessel</a> issued a warning to Ford for violations of state health orders.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In a CNN interview, Nessel called Trump a "petulant child who refuses to follow the rules", and suggesting that he did not respect the safety and welfare of his potential voters enough "just to engage in the very simple task, the painless task, the easy task of wearing a mask when he was provided one."<a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moreno-2020-40">[40]</a> On Twitter, Trump accused Nessel of "taking her anger and stupidity out on Ford Motor", insinuating that "they might get upset with you and leave the state, like so many other companies have — until I came along and brought business back to Michigan."<a href="#cite_note-Moreno-2020-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Trump_criticism_of_Joe_Biden">Trump criticism of Joe Biden</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Trump criticism of Joe Biden">edit</a>]</div> After former vice president and presumptive <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">presidential</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> wore a black mask and sunglasses during a <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> ceremony (his first major out-of-home appearance in two months), Trump shared a Twitter post by <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> commentator <a href="/wiki/Brit_Hume" title="Brit Hume">Brit Hume</a> that ridiculed the outfit, captioned "This might help explain why Trump doesn't like to wear a mask in public." In an interview the next day, Biden criticized Trump for sharing the post, and for being a bad <a href="/wiki/Role_model" title="Role model">role model</a> for the American public. He argued that "presidents are supposed to lead, not engage in folly and be falsely masculine."<a href="#cite_note-CBSMock-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bradner-2020-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Samuels-2020-14">[14]</a> During a subsequent media appearance, Trump described Biden's decision as being "very unusual", as "he was standing outside with his wife, perfect conditions, perfect weather." He added, "I thought that was fine. I wasn't criticizing him at all. Why would I do a thing like that?"<a href="#cite_note-Samuels-2020-14">[14]</a> After a reporter refused a request by Trump to take off his mask because it had muffled his voice, Trump accused him of "want[ng] to be politically correct."<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In a June 2020 interview with <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, Trump argued that some people were wearing masks to "signal disapproval" of him,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> and said of Biden's use of masks, "It's like he put a knapsack over his face. He probably likes it that way. He feels good that way because he does. He seems to feel good in a mask, you know, feels better than he does without the mask, which is a strange situation."<a href="#cite_note-Swanson-2020-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="In-person_campaign_events">In-person campaign events</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In-person campaign events">edit</a>]</div> Trump returned to holding public campaign events for his <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020 re-election campaign</a> in mid-June 2020, beginning with a <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_Tulsa_rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump's Tulsa rally">rally in Tulsa, Oklahoma</a> on June 20. Masks were optional, and not worn by the majority of participants, nor was social distancing enforced.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Trump then appeared at a <a href="/wiki/Students_for_Trump" title="Students for Trump">Students for Trump</a> event in Phoenix, Arizona, on June 23, despite the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">state of Arizona</a> having recently become a major hotspot for new COVID-19 cases. Phoenix enacted a health ordinance requiring the wearing of masks in public; Mayor <a href="/wiki/Kate_Gallego" title="Kate Gallego">Kate Gallego</a> stated that the city would "[not] be focused on enforcement during the rally."<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The owners of the <a href="/wiki/Megachurch" title="Megachurch">megachurch</a> where the event took place announced that it had installed an ionizing <a href="/wiki/Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">air purifier</a> system that could "kill 99.9% of the virus". The media disputed the claimed efficacy.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Once again, the majority of attendees did not wear masks.<a href="#cite_note-Boehm-2020-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bender-2020-8">[8]</a> On July 3, Trump also made an appearance at an <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota%27s_Mount_Rushmore_Fireworks_Celebration_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="South Dakota's Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration 2020">Independence Day fireworks event</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> (a state that had been known for its <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a> approach to the pandemic with few public health orders), where masks were once again optional, and social distancing was explicitly left unenforced.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> By contrast, Biden's campaign employed more "<a href="/wiki/Drive-in" title="Drive-in">drive-in</a>" rallies, and smaller-scale gatherings with social distancing and mask usage.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brief_change_in_stance">Brief change in stance</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Brief change in stance">edit</a>]</div> During a Coronavirus Task Force briefing on June 26 amidst major resurgences of cases in California and multiple Southern states, most of the participants wore masks when not at the podium. However, Pence did not wear a mask, nor did he mention the wearing of masks or social distancing when recapping the government's hygiene recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> On June 28 in an interview on <a href="/wiki/This_Week_(American_TV_program)" title="This Week (American TV program)">This Week</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> argued that "the president should be an example. Real men wear masks."<a href="#cite_note-Coleman-2020-54">[54]</a> On July 1 in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a>, Trump stated he was "all for masks", but questioned the implementation of a national mandate since they would apply in "places in the country where people stay very long distance." Trump stated he had "no problem" wearing a mask in public if he were "in a group of people where we're not 10 feet away — but usually I'm not in that position and everyone's tested."<a href="#cite_note-Vazquez-2020-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Collins-2020-55">[55]</a> On July 5, White House Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Mark_Meadows_(North_Carolina_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Meadows (North Carolina politician)">Mark Meadows</a> stated that a national mandate was "not in order", since they are "[used] on a location basis when you can't have social distancing".<a href="#cite_note-Liptak-2020-56">[56]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_at_the_Bioprocess_Innovation_Center_at_Fujifilm_Diosynth_Biotechnologies_(50162979107).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/President_Trump_at_the_Bioprocess_Innovation_Center_at_Fujifilm_Diosynth_Biotechnologies_%2850162979107%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_at_the_Bioprocess_Innovation_Center_at_Fujifilm_Diosynth_Biotechnologies_%2850162979107%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/President_Trump_at_the_Bioprocess_Innovation_Center_at_Fujifilm_Diosynth_Biotechnologies_%2850162979107%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_at_the_Bioprocess_Innovation_Center_at_Fujifilm_Diosynth_Biotechnologies_%2850162979107%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/President_Trump_at_the_Bioprocess_Innovation_Center_at_Fujifilm_Diosynth_Biotechnologies_%2850162979107%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_at_the_Bioprocess_Innovation_Center_at_Fujifilm_Diosynth_Biotechnologies_%2850162979107%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>President Trump wearing a face mask during a tour of the Bioprocess Innovation Center in late July 2020</figcaption></figure> A Trump campaign event in New Hampshire originally scheduled on July 11, by contrast, was to be held outdoors, and the wearing of masks was now listed as "strongly encouraged" (although the event would later be postponed, with the White House citing <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Fay_(2020)" title="Tropical Storm Fay (2020)">Tropical Storm Fay</a> as justification).<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> On July 11, Trump publicly wore a mask for the first time when visiting members of the military at <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_Army_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed Army Medical Center">Walter Reed Army Medical Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Prior to the event, Trump told Sean Hannity that "it's fine to wear a mask out if it makes you feel comfortable", and later commented that hospitals were a location where one is generally expected to wear a mask under these conditions.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> On July 14, First Lady Melania posted a photo of herself wearing a mask on social media, urging her followers to follow CDC guidance since "the more precaution we take now can mean a healthier & safer country in the Fall."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In a CBS News interview the same day, Trump stated that "if it's necessary, I would urge [Americans] to wear a mask and I would say follow the guidelines."<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Sunday" title="Fox News Sunday">Fox News Sunday</a> that aired July 19, Trump told <a href="/wiki/Chris_Wallace" title="Chris Wallace">Chris Wallace</a> that he was a "believer" in masks, but that he did not intend to enact a federal mandate (leaving it to state governors) because "I want people to have a certain freedom". He also disagreed with CDC Director Redfield's suggestion that the use of masks nationwide could bring the U.S. epidemic under control within weeks, and accused federal health officials of having been inconsistent with their guidance on masks over the course of the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-Robertson-2020-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-O'Reilly-2020-10">[10]</a> On July 20, Trump posted a photo of himself in a mask on Twitter, captioned "We are United in our effort to defeat the Invisible China Virus, and many people say that it is Patriotic to wear a face mask when you can't socially distance. There is nobody more Patriotic than me, your favorite President!"<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The next day during a press briefing, Trump again encouraged the wearing of masks by Americans, stating "whether you like the mask or not, they have an impact."<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> It was reported that Trump's advisers had recommended this shift in order to re-gain public approval for his handling of the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Continued_downplaying_by_the_Trump_administration">Continued downplaying by the Trump administration</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Continued downplaying by the Trump administration">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">2020 Republican National Convention</a>, speeches were held on the <a href="/wiki/South_Lawn" title="South Lawn">South Lawn</a> of the White House. A crowd of 1,500 invited guests were present for Trump's acceptance speech on the final night, who did not wear masks or practice social distancing. When questioned by CNN about the crowd, an official argued that "<a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">everybody is going to catch this thing eventually.</a>"<a href="#cite_note-Bump-2020-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Restuccia-2020-13">[13]</a> Although Washington D.C. health orders at the time prohibited gatherings of more than 50 people, this does not extend to federal property.<a href="#cite_note-Nakamura-2020-67">[67]</a> At a campaign rally on September 3 in <a href="/wiki/Latrobe,_Pennsylvania" title="Latrobe, Pennsylvania">Latrobe, Pennsylvania</a>, Trump continued to mock Biden for wearing masks during campaign appearances — suggesting that it gave him a "feeling of security", but that "If I were a psychiatrist, I'd say this guy has some big issues." He asked the audience, "did you ever see a man that likes a mask as much as him?'<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> On September 21, 2020, William Crews, a public affairs official at the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> (NIAID), stepped down from his position after <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a> published a report that identified him as a pseudonymous managing editor of the conservative website <a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a>. He had authored several posts promoting COVID-19 disinformation and criticizing masks, which argued they were a "political statement", and referred to Anthony Fauci as a "mask nazi".<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="White_House_outbreak_and_aftermath">White House outbreak and aftermath</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: White House outbreak and aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House COVID-19 outbreak</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Nominates_Judge_Amy_Coney_Barrett_for_Associate_Justice_of_the_U.S._Supreme_Court_(50397097478).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Nominates_Judge_Amy_Coney_Barrett_for_Associate_Justice_of_the_U.S._Supreme_Court_%2850397097478%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Nominates_Judge_Amy_Coney_Barrett_for_Associate_Justice_of_the_U.S._Supreme_Court_%2850397097478%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Nominates_Judge_Amy_Coney_Barrett_for_Associate_Justice_of_the_U.S._Supreme_Court_%2850397097478%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Nominates_Judge_Amy_Coney_Barrett_for_Associate_Justice_of_the_U.S._Supreme_Court_%2850397097478%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Trump_Nominates_Judge_Amy_Coney_Barrett_for_Associate_Justice_of_the_U.S._Supreme_Court_%2850397097478%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Nominates_Judge_Amy_Coney_Barrett_for_Associate_Justice_of_the_U.S._Supreme_Court_%2850397097478%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Trump speaking at the White House Rose Garden on September 26, 2020, to announce Amy Coney Barrett as a Supreme Court nominee.</figcaption></figure> On September 26, 2020, Trump held an outdoor ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden" title="White House Rose Garden">White House Rose Garden</a> to announce <a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Amy Coney Barrett</a> as his <a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination">nomination</a> to fill a vacancy in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>, left by <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a> following her death on September 18. It was observed that social distancing was not practiced, and a large number of the 150 participants (including several senior officials) did not wear masks. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a> <a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a> was an exception, but was then seen taking off his mask and physically interacting with others as he left. The HHS stated that Azar and the people he interacted with had all tested negative prior to the event.<a href="#cite_note-Stracqualursi-2020-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Silverman-2020-72">[72]</a> Two indoor receptions were also held.<a href="#cite_note-Rucker-2020-73">[73]</a> Despite a spokesperson stating that all attendees in proximity to Trump had been tested before the event, guests from Barrett's alma mater <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">Notre Dame</a> (who were seated in the front row) reported that they were not, and stated that they were not told by the White House that tests were a prerequisite.<a href="#cite_note-Stracqualursi-2020-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Silverman-2020-72">[72]</a> Furthermore, the White House stated that attendees did not need to wear masks if they had tested negative.<a href="#cite_note-Rucker-2020-73">[73]</a> On September 30, Trump's senior counselor <a href="/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks">Hope Hicks</a> (who had traveled with Trump)<a href="#cite_note-sky-timeline-74">[74]</a> tested positive for COVID-19, but the case was not publicized until an interview with Trump on Fox News's <a href="/wiki/Hannity" title="Hannity">Hannity</a> the next evening.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> During the interview, Trump stated that he and Melania had just been tested. Several hours later, Trump announced on Twitter that he and Melania had both tested positive.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> By October 2, at least seven attendees of the ceremony had tested positive, also including senators <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thom_Tillis" title="Thom Tillis">Thom Tillis</a>, former New Jersey governor <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a>, former White House adviser <a href="/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway" title="Kellyanne Conway">Kellyanne Conway</a>, University of Notre Dame president <a href="/wiki/John_I._Jenkins" title="John I. Jenkins">John I. Jenkins</a> (who had apologized after the event for his failure to wear a mask), and an unnamed journalist.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> This resulted in scrutiny of the ceremony as a <a href="/wiki/Superspreader" class="mw-redirect" title="Superspreader">superspreader</a> event by the media and local officials, due to the lack of precautions generally taken by its participants. Infectious disease physician <a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Murphy" title="Robert L. Murphy">Robert L. Murphy</a> argued that if the ceremony was responsible for the White House outbreak, general use of masks and social distancing could have prevented it.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nakamura-2020-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presidential_debates_and_town_halls">Presidential debates and town halls</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Presidential debates and town halls">edit</a>]</div> At the first <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">presidential debate</a> on September 29, First Lady Melania and other members of Trump's family were seen taking off masks after seating themselves in the audience—violating health protocols specified by the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Clinic" title="Cleveland Clinic">Cleveland Clinic</a> that had been agreed upon by both parties, calling for masks to be worn at the debate by all attendees (excluding the two candidates and the moderator when on-stage).<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> During the debate, Trump once again mocked Biden for his use of face masks, stating "I don't wear a mask like him. Every time you see him, he's got a mask. He could be speaking 200 feet away from them, and he shows up with the biggest mask I've ever seen."<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Debate moderator <a href="/wiki/Chris_Wallace" title="Chris Wallace">Chris Wallace</a> later stated that Trump and his personnel were not tested prior to the debate in Cleveland since they arrived late, and that they were admitted under "an <a href="/wiki/Honor_system" title="Honor system">honor system</a>".<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In an October 2020 town hall held by <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>, President Trump incorrectly claimed a CDC study found that 85% of people who wore masks had still contracted COVID-19. The data originated from a "Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report" published by the CDC, which contained a survey on behaviors exhibited by COVID patients and a control group of those who tested negative: While around 70% of both groups surveyed did say they always wore a mask, the COVID-positive patients were more likely to have engaged in close contact and activities "where mask use and social distancing are difficult to maintain" within the 14 days prior to the onset of symptoms, such as visiting a bar or restaurant. Misinformation related to this report has also been promoted by social network posts and Fox News pundit <a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Tucker Carlson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> During a rally on October 29, Trump made remarks to the crowd promoting mask use when social distancing is not possible; "If you get close, wear a mask. 'Oh, it's controversial.' It's not controversial to me."<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021">2021</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2021">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transition_to_the_Biden_administration">Transition to the Biden administration</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transition to the Biden administration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mask_Mandate_IG_image_for_Biden_Administration_-_2021-01-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mask_Mandate_IG_image_for_Biden_Administration_-_2021-01-20.jpg/220px-Mask_Mandate_IG_image_for_Biden_Administration_-_2021-01-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mask_Mandate_IG_image_for_Biden_Administration_-_2021-01-20.jpg/330px-Mask_Mandate_IG_image_for_Biden_Administration_-_2021-01-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Mask_Mandate_IG_image_for_Biden_Administration_-_2021-01-20.jpg/440px-Mask_Mandate_IG_image_for_Biden_Administration_-_2021-01-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>A social media post by the Biden administration, promoting executive orders on COVID-19 protocols for federal properties.</figcaption></figure> On January 20, 2021, in one of his first actions as president following <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">his inauguration</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MaggieFox-91">[91]</a> Joe Biden signed <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13991" title="Executive Order 13991">Executive Order 13991</a>, which compels the heads of executive departments and agencies to "immediately take action, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, to require compliance with CDC guidelines with respect to wearing masks, maintaining physical distance, and other public health measures" by visitors and employees of federal land and properties, and commands the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a> to "engage" with political leaders and community members to "[maximize] public compliance with, and addressing any obstacles to, mask-wearing and other public health best practices identified by CDC".<a href="#cite_note-whitehouse1-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leary-2021-93">[93]</a> The next day, Biden signed another executive order, compelling the <a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a> (TSA) and other federal agencies to require the wearing of face masks on all forms of public transportation, including planes, trains, buses, ships, and airports.<a href="#cite_note-TheWhiteHouse-2021-94">[94]</a> On April 30, the TSA extended this order through September 13.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Issuance_of_guidance_for_vaccinated_individuals">Issuance of guidance for vaccinated individuals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Issuance of guidance for vaccinated individuals">edit</a>]</div> On April 27, 2021, Biden and the CDC announced amended guidance on masks, stating that those who are fully <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">vaccinated</a> (14 days after the second dose of a twin-dose vaccine, or 14 days after receiving a single-dose vaccine) did not need to wear a mask during small outdoor gatherings, but that they should still be worn at large outdoor gatherings (such as concerts and sporting events) where large numbers of unvaccinated people may be present, and that vaccinated people should still avoid large indoor gatherings.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> On May 11, <a href="/wiki/Rochelle_Walensky" title="Rochelle Walensky">Rochelle Walensky</a> — the CDC's new director under the Biden administration<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> — appeared before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Senate Committee on Health</a>. Amid questioning by Republican senators such as Maine's <a href="/wiki/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Susan Collins</a>, Walensky defended the CDC's current guidance on topics such as masks, stating that the public must "maintain public health measures we know will prevent the spread of this virus" as long as community transmission exists. Unbeknownst to the panel, the CDC was already finalizing new guidance, which would be publicly announced two days later.<a href="#cite_note-Sun-Pager-2021-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mole-2021-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CDC_drops_mask_recommendations_for_the_fully-vaccinated">CDC drops mask recommendations for the fully-vaccinated</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: CDC drops mask recommendations for the fully-vaccinated">edit</a>]</div> On May 13, 2021, the CDC announced new guidance, stating that those who are fully vaccinated do not need to wear a mask or practice social distancing, unless otherwise required by health orders or private entities (such as on all public transportation, and where mandates still exist). In a briefing discussing the change, Biden emphasized that the country still had to work towards its goal of having 70% of its adult population receive at least one vaccine dose by <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a>, but felt that those who have been fully vaccinated had "earned the right to do something that Americans are known for all around the world — greeting others with a smile." He also asked Americans to respect the decisions of those who may still wear masks as a personal decision; "We have had too much conflict, too much bitterness, too much anger, too much politicization of this issue about wearing masks. Let's put it to rest."<a href="#cite_note-LeBlanc-2021-101">[101]</a> The White House and other federal departments began to implement the new guidance for their staff over the days that followed.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-LeBlanc-2021-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The abruptness of the announcement caught many state and local health officials, as well as some federal employees, off-guard.<a href="#cite_note-Mole-2021-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sun-Pager-2021-99">[99]</a> Citing the new guidance, many states allowed their mask mandates to expire,<a href="#cite_note-Danner-2021-104">[104]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> also announced that, where allowed, they would exempt vaccinated individuals from their corporate mask mandates.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The new guidance faced criticism for being premature and largely relying on an <a href="/wiki/Honor_system" title="Honor system">honor system</a>, as it would be difficult to determine whether someone is fully vaccinated without documentation, only around 36% of Americans had been fully vaccinated at that point, and loosening guidance on masks would encourage complacency by those who are against masks and/or vaccines (who could falsely claim that they were vaccinated).<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sun-Pager-2021-99">[99]</a> The federal government had ruled out implementing a national framework for <a href="/wiki/Immunity_passport" title="Immunity passport">immunity passports</a> due to human rights and privacy concerns, while multiple states have prohibited them outright.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In an interview with Fox News Sunday, Walensky denied that the CDC had bowed to political pressure to loosen restrictions, and stated that the new guidance was based on evolving science and newly obtained data, including studies on the real-world effectiveness of the vaccines in the U.S., and another study showing a reduction in viral load among patients that <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_infection" title="Breakthrough infection">had still contracted</a> COVID-19 after being vaccinated.<a href="#cite_note-Sun-Pager-2021-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mole-2021-100">[100]</a> Others felt that the announcement was an attempt by the Biden administration to distract from the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Pipeline_cyberattack" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Pipeline cyberattack">Colonial Pipeline cyberattack</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sun-Pager-2021-99">[99]</a> A White House spokesperson stated that the decision had been made solely by the CDC, as part of its current mandate under the Biden administration to operate "based on the science and data, free from political influence".<a href="#cite_note-Sun-Pager-2021-99">[99]</a> On May 20, amid an increasing number of states lifting their mask mandates entirely due to the guidance, Fauci told <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a> that he thought many Americans were misinterpreting the guidance, stating that "[the CDC] said: If you are vaccinated, you can feel safe — that you will not get infected either outdoors or indoors. It did not explicitly say that unvaccinated people should abandon their masks."<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reinstatement_of_mask_recommendations_and_mandates">Reinstatement of mask recommendations and mandates</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reinstatement of mask recommendations and mandates">edit</a>]</div> On June 30, 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Department_of_Public_Health" title="Los Angeles County Department of Public Health">Los Angeles County Department of Public Health</a> (LADPH) reintroduced a strong recommendation that all residents wear face masks within indoor public spaces, even if they are vaccinated. The recommendation came only 15 days after California had lifted its remaining public health orders and mask mandate; officials stated that the recommendation was issued due to increasing spread of the highly-contagious <a href="/wiki/Delta_variant" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta variant">Delta variant</a> in the region, and due to the department investigating reports of <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_infection" title="Breakthrough infection">breakthrough infections</a> in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Israel">Israel</a> that involved Delta variant.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> On July 15, LADPH announced that it would reintroduce a mask mandate effective at midnight on July 18. This applies to all indoor public spaces in Los Angeles County, even if vaccinated. County health officer Muntu Davis stated that "we're not where we need to be for the millions at risk of infection here in Los Angeles County, and waiting to do something will be too late given what we're seeing now."<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> On July 25, Fauci stated in an interview that the U.S. was heading in the "wrong direction" due to Delta variant and low vaccination numbers in parts of the country, and that the CDC was "actively considering" revising its guidance.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-Danner-2021-104">[104]</a> By July 26, several other areas had also reintroduced mask mandates regardless of vaccination, including <a href="/wiki/Provincetown,_Massachusetts" title="Provincetown, Massachusetts">Provincetown, Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah, Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="St. Louis County, Missouri">St. Louis County, Missouri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Nevada" title="Clark County, Nevada">Clark County, Nevada</a> for all public-facing employees of businesses.<a href="#cite_note-Danner-2021-104">[104]</a> The next day, citing Delta variant and the possibility that it can be spread easily even by those who are vaccinated, the CDC issued new guidance recommending that in regions where there is "substantial and high transmission" of COVID-19, face masks should be worn within indoor public spaces even if vaccinated. The CDC also recommended that masks be mandated at schools for all students and faculty, again regardless of vaccination status (for those approved to receive them). Press Secretary <a href="/wiki/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a> stated that "we are dealing with a much different strain of this virus than we were even earlier in the spring, back in May, when the masking guidance was provided by the CDC at that time."<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022">2022</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2022">edit</a>]</div> In late-2021 and early-2022, the CDC extended the public transportation mask mandate through May 3 to give themselves time to study the highly-transmissible Omicron variant and its effects.<a href="#cite_note-Sneed-2022-117">[117]</a> On February 25, 2022, the CDC changed the metrics it used to determine COVID-19 risk by county, with weight placed on hospitalizations over case counts, and factoring in the availability of vaccines, treatments, and improved testing options. Per these new metrics, the CDC stated 70% of the country no longer had "substantial and high transmission" of COVID-19, and that residents of these areas, regardless of vaccination status, no longer necessarily needed to wear face masks in public spaces or schools (although still recommending their use by those at higher risk).<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> By April 2022, general mask mandates had been lifted in all U.S. states, with <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> being the only state still mandating masks in schools.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> On April 18, 2022, a week after the CDC's extension of the public transportation mask mandate through May 3, Judge <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Kimball_Mizelle" title="Kathryn Kimball Mizelle">Kathryn Kimball Mizelle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_Florida" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida">District Court for the Middle District of Florida</a>, struck down the mandate as unlawful in a lawsuit brought by an advocacy group, almost immediately ending its enforcement by nearly all public transport agencies nationwide. Mizelle stated that the mandate exceeded the statutory authority of the CDC, and also violated the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Act_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative Procedure Act (United States)">Administrative Procedure Act</a>, as the mandate was made in an <a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_and_capricious" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitrary and capricious">arbitrary and capricious</a> manner.<a href="#cite_note-Sneed-2022-117">[117]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> announced on April 20 that it would be appealing the ruling, after the CDC deemed the mandate was still necessary.<a href="#cite_note-Stolberg_2022-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023">2023</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2023">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For more information on face mask policies in hospitals, see <a href="/wiki/Source_control_(respiratory_disease)" title="Source control (respiratory disease)">Source control (respiratory disease)</a>.</div> By 2023, many hospitals started dropping mask mandates, sometimes in opposition to in-hospital public health experts. The <a href="/wiki/CDC" class="mw-redirect" title="CDC">CDC</a> suggested imposing masking in times of high infection, but did not elaborate on any specific numbers of when to do so.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In December 2023 hospitals in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> reinstated mask requirements in certain settings due to <a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">COVID variant JN.1</a> and rising levels of <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus" title="Respiratory syncytial virus">respiratory syncytial virus</a> found in wastewater.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_policy">Federal policy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Federal policy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calls_for_federal_policies">Calls for federal policies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Calls for federal policies">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">United States Department of Health and Human Services</a> organized a program known as "Project: America Strong", to fund the distribution of reusable masks to "critical infrastructure sectors, companies, healthcare facilities, and faith-based and community organizations."<a href="#cite_note-Romm-2020-38">[38]</a> There were calls for a mask mandate to be implemented nationwide at the federal level: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retail_Industry_Leaders_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retail Industry Leaders Association (page does not exist)">Retail Industry Leaders Association</a> criticized the patchwork of differing regulations (or lack thereof) between regions, and argued that "despite compliance from the majority of Americans, retailers are alarmed with the instances of hostility and violence front-line employees are experiencing by a vocal minority of customers who are under the misguided impression that wearing a mask is a violation of their civil liberties."<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> projected that such a mandate "could potentially substitute for lockdowns that would otherwise subtract nearly 5% from <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a>."<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Service_Act" title="Public Health Service Act">Public Health Service Act</a> grants the secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services authority to implement regulations to "prevent the introduction, transmission, or spread of communicable diseases" into U.S. states or possessions, but it is unclear whether this could be used to implement a general mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> On June 28, House Speaker Pelosi stated that such a mandate was "long overdue", but that the CDC did not issue one as to not "offend the president."<a href="#cite_note-Coleman-2020-54">[54]</a> On July 1, Trump questioned the appropriateness of a national mandate since they would apply in "places in the country where people stay very long distance."<a href="#cite_note-Vazquez-2020-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Collins-2020-55">[55]</a> On July 5, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Meadows_(North_Carolina_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Meadows (North Carolina politician)">Mark Meadows</a> stated that a national mandate was "not in order", arguing that masks were "[used] on a location basis when you can't have social distancing".<a href="#cite_note-Liptak-2020-56">[56]</a> On July 12, Surgeon General Adams similarly argued that "if we are going to have a mask mandate we need to understand that works best at the local and state level along with education", and questioned if a national order could be reasonably enforced without "having a situation where you're giving people <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">one more reason to arrest a black man</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Duster-2020-129">[129]</a> On July 12, Surgeon General Adams stated that health officials were trying to "correct" their previous messaging, explaining that it was based on an earlier presumption that those who were asymptomatic were less likely to transmit COVID-19. He explained that Americans needed "to understand we follow the science and when we learn more our recommendations change, but it is hard when people are continuing to talk about things from three, four months ago";<a href="#cite_note-Duster-2020-129">[129]</a> a clip of the aforementioned 60 Minutes interview with Fauci (where he was quoted as saying "There's no reason to be walking around with a mask") had often been presented on <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> by opponents of face masks as misinformation in support of their arguments. Fauci's statements were consistent with the CDC's guidance at the time, but did not align with current guidance.<a href="#cite_note-Spencer-2020-23">[23]</a> On July 14, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States House Committee on Appropriations">House Committee on Appropriations</a> adopted an amendment to its Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies funding bill for fiscal year 2021, which would include a mandate for passengers and employees of air travel, <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, and "large transit agencies" to wear masks. The bill was scheduled to be voted on by the House of Representatives later in the month.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The same day, the CDC published a study indicating that the use of masks by two employees of a Missouri hair salon who showed COVID-19 symptoms and later tested positive, as well as the 139 clients they served before their positive tests, "was likely a contributing factor" in preventing their clients from contracting COVID-19 from the employees.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The <a href="/wiki/JAMA_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="JAMA (journal)">Journal of the American Medical Association</a> (JAMA) also published an interview with CDC Director Redfield, where he estimated that the epidemic in the U.S. could be brought under control within four to eight weeks "if we could get everybody to wear a mask right now".<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> On July 15, Senator <a href="/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein" title="Dianne Feinstein">Dianne Feinstein</a> proposed that economic stimulus funding be withheld from states that do not adopt a health order requiring the wearing of masks in public.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In a July 19 interview with Fox News Sunday, President Trump stated that he did not intend to enact a federal mask mandate, citing the preservation of personal freedoms.<a href="#cite_note-Robertson-2020-9">[9]</a> On July 30, Senator <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> and Representative of California <a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Ro Khanna</a> introduced the Masks for All Act, a proposed bill that would invoke the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act_of_1950" title="Defense Production Act of 1950">Defense Production Act</a> to produce "high-quality", reusable face masks for nationwide distribution at no charge (via mail distribution and public pickup locations), with a goal to give three masks each to every individual in the country, and a particular focus on serving the homeless and people who live in communal environments. The total cost of the bill was estimated to be $5 billion, with Khanna noting that "If we can afford a $740 billion defense budget, we can afford to send every American a face mask, and if we're asking folks to wear a mask, which is absolutely essential, it's on us to provide one."<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> On July 31, <a href="/wiki/Peter_DeFazio" title="Peter DeFazio">Peter DeFazio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rick_Larsen" title="Rick Larsen">Rick Larsen</a> introduced the Healthy Flights Act, which would authorize the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">FAA</a> to mandate the wearing of face masks at airports and while on flights.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> During an August 2020 campaign appearance, Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden proposed a national mask mandate of at least three months as part of his platform, explaining that it could "save over 40,000 lives [...] if people act responsibly", and that "it's not about your rights, it's about your responsibilities as an American."<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> On September 16, Biden stated that he believed the president had the legal authority to mandate masks nationwide via an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> However, during a CNN town hall the next day, Biden stated that he could not mandate masks nationwide, but could do so for federal property, and that he would urge governors to follow suit at the state level.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> On September 16, Redfield testified to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Appropriations_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Appropriations Committee">Senate Appropriations Committee</a> that masks were the country's "most powerful public health tool", as they had "clear scientific evidence" that they worked. He explained that "This face mask is more guaranteed to protect me against COVID than when I take a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID vaccine</a>, because the <a href="/wiki/Immunogenicity" title="Immunogenicity">immunogenicity</a> may be 70%, and if I don't get an immune response, the vaccine's not going to protect me. This face mask will."<a href="#cite_note-auto1-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Action_by_the_Biden_administration">Action by the Biden administration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Action by the Biden administration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13991" title="Executive Order 13991">Executive Order 13991</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg/210px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg/315px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg/420px-President_Joe_Biden_signs_H.R._335.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1434" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">President Joe Biden</a> signs executive orders in a face mask</figcaption></figure>On January 20, 2021, Biden signed an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order" title="Executive order">executive order</a> requiring executive departments and agencies to enforce compliance with COVID-19-related guidance issued by the CDC, such as the wearing of face masks by the visitors and staff of federal land.<a href="#cite_note-whitehouse1-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leary-2021-93">[93]</a> On January 21, 2021, Biden signed another executive order mandating masks be worn in compliance with CDC recommendations on all forms of public transportation, including planes, trains, buses, ships, and airports.<a href="#cite_note-TheWhiteHouse-2021-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supply">Supply</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Supply">edit</a>]</div> The provision and shipment of PPE to other countries such as China contributed to an early shortage of masks and other supplies in the United States, and was criticized by <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> officials. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>.com senior contributor David DiSalvo reported that on March 30 "roughly 280 million masks from warehouses around the U.S. had been purchased by foreign buyers and were earmarked to leave the country".<a href="#cite_note-DiSalvo-2020-143">[143]</a> The next day, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> suspended the export of protective supplies from the stockpiles of the <a href="/wiki/USAID" class="mw-redirect" title="USAID">USAID</a> program in order to investigate. The <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> denied that the exported stock came from the national stockpile, and stated that it had come from private donations.<a href="#cite_note-DiSalvo-2020-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> On April 2, Trump announced that he would invoke the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Production_Act_of_1950" title="Defense Production Act of 1950">Defense Production Act</a> to compel <a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medtronic" title="Medtronic">Medtronic</a> to increase their production of <a href="/wiki/N95_respirator" title="N95 respirator">N95 respirators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> By September 2020, N95 respirators were still in short supply. Even though 3M had increased domestic production from 20 million to 95 million respirators a month, they said "the demand is more than we, and the entire industry, can supply for the foreseeable future." Health care workers continued to express fears of shortages.<a href="#cite_note-septshortage-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Small U.S.-based manufacturers who invested in manufacturing infrastructure and successfully navigated a nine-month federal approval process reported in February 2021 that they were unable to find buyers for the tens of millions of masks they had produced. The advertising of these masks has been banned on platforms like Google and Facebook and medical supply distributors, hospital systems and state governments, the main purchasers of masks, are wary of locally manufactured masks, which are more expensive than the ones produced in China. Testifying before Congress about the need to support domestic mask manufacturers, one industry executive called the dependence on foreign manufacture "a national security problem".<a href="#cite_note-production-149">[149]</a> By February 2021, suppliers had increased production of medical masks, and some manufacturers reported a surplus. 3M and Honeywell had increased their production of N95 respirators to around 120 million each month, but the health sector is estimated to need around 3.5 billion masks each year, and the limited production is directly sent to the medical distributors that supply large hospital systems.<a href="#cite_note-production-149">[149]</a> Overall shortages were still reported because some hospitals expected healthcare workers to reuse their masks, even as they were building up stockpiles in anticipation of future need. Hospital purchasers were poorly connected with new suppliers, hesitant to buy from new manufacturers, or resistant to pay higher prices for domestic products.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Counterfeits also continued to pose problems for purchasers.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> N95 manufacturers and other companies were reluctant to invest more in domestic mask production because domestic manufacture in the United States is not profitable. There are some American companies who can shift production temporarily to meet the demand for masks but most of them have not received any funding through the DPA. Some have taken the initiative but experienced problems with the fit of the masks and obtaining regulatory approvals. 3M and other N95 manufacturers have not entered into any corporate partnerships to share <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> or increase N95 production.<a href="#cite_note-septshortage-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theft">Theft</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Theft">edit</a>]</div> Thefts of face masks and other personal protective equipment were reported at hospitals in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-qz-152">[152]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Naval_Medical_Center_San_Diego" title="Naval Medical Center San Diego">Naval Medical Center San Diego</a> implemented random bag checks for staff members, after several incidents of theft.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Thefts of N95 masks were reported from a locked hospital office in South Carolina and off loading docks at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aamc-154">[154]</a> A hospital employee in <a href="/wiki/Cooperstown,_New_York" title="Cooperstown, New York">Cooperstown</a>, New York was charged with misdemeanor <a href="/wiki/Larceny" title="Larceny">larceny</a> for a similar incident.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counterfeit_masks">Counterfeit masks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Counterfeit masks">edit</a>]</div> The third-party market was still inundated with a deluge of counterfeit masks in February 2021, one year into the pandemic. Federal agents seized over 10 million fake 3M-branded masks in early 2021. Some were purchased by hospitals even though the masks did not come from authorized distributors.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The masks are sold at higher prices than the authentic 3M masks, which retail at around $1.27 each.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> 3M filed multiple lawsuits against unauthorized sellers for endangering the lives of medical workers. The company issued a statement to say "This is not a problem that is going away".<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attitudes">Attitudes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Attitudes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg/220px-Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg/330px-Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg/440px-Rhode_Island_National_Guard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6480" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>A member of the <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_National_Guard" title="Rhode Island National Guard">Rhode Island National Guard</a> sewing handmade face masks.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection_of_others">Protection of others</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Protection of others">edit</a>]</div> Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the public wearing of face masks to protect others from the spread of infectious disease was not a widely accepted phenomenon in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and had historically been more prevalent in <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a> countries.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-mwi-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-pri.org-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_views">Political views</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Political views">edit</a>]</div> The issue of whether or not to wear a mask in public became, for some, a dividing line in the <a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">culture war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bosman-2020-162">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> described <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressives</a> as considering masks "a sign that you take the pandemic seriously and are willing to make a personal sacrifice to save lives".<a href="#cite_note-politico.com-32">[32]</a> Supporters of the CDC's recommendations derided what they described as their opponents' ignorance, selfishness, <a href="/wiki/Antiscience" title="Antiscience">antiscience</a> stance, and lack of respect for fellow citizens.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Masks were cited as a means of controlling COVID-19 without the need to reimpose <a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_order" title="Stay-at-home order">stay-at-home orders</a> and business closures (which would cause further economic strain).<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> The wearing of face masks has also been seen by opponents as <a href="/wiki/Virtue_signalling" title="Virtue signalling">virtue signaling</a> for <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> values,<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> and as a symbol of intimidation, <a href="/wiki/Social_control" title="Social control">social control</a>, and opposition towards President Trump.<a href="#cite_note-Friedersdorf-2020-169">[169]</a> While these health orders usually have exceptions for those with medical conditions (such as breathing problems) or disabilities that would make it difficult to wear a mask, false flyers distributed via social media encouraged people to claim to businesses requiring masks that they have a medical condition protected under the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act</a>, but that under the <a href="/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act" title="Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act">Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</a> (HIPAA), they are not required to disclose the medical condition. The HIPAA is a <a href="/wiki/Information_privacy" title="Information privacy">data protection</a> law for the health care industry, and does not apply in this manner.<a href="#cite_note-Weill-2020-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Evon-2020-171">[171]</a> Opposing views against masks have also been promoted by conservative media outlets such as <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, and radio host <a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Rush Limbaugh</a> — who argued that masks were a "required symbol on the left to promote fear, to promote indecision, to promote the notion that we're nowhere near out of this".<a href="#cite_note-MediaMatters2020-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Initially in March 2020, Fox News pundits <a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Tucker Carlson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Laura Ingraham</a> endorsed the wearing of masks, with Carlson explaining that they were "key" to controlling COVID-19 in East Asian countries, while also criticizing the CDC for initially discouraging their use by the general public. After the practice became politicized, however, both pundits began to display opposition to masks on-air: in May 2020, Carlson criticized Fauci for his fluctuating guidance on masks, and claimed that there was no scientific basis for a mask mandate issued in Los Angeles (referring to its residents as being "hostages" of Mayor <a href="/wiki/Eric_Garcetti" title="Eric Garcetti">Eric Garcetti</a>).<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-Friedersdorf-2020-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Some Fox News pundits however, including <a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Sean Hannity</a> and Fox & Friends host <a href="/wiki/Steve_Doocy" title="Steve Doocy">Steve Doocy</a>, have been more receptive to masks on-air.<a href="#cite_note-MediaMatters2020-172">[172]</a> The Washington Post reported that in an April 2020 poll, 79% of self-identified <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> and 59% of <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> stated that they had worn a mask or other face covering in public. Those who knew someone who had been infected with COVID-19 were 40% more likely to wear a mask in public than those who didn't.<a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-2020-176">[176]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Gallup_poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup poll">Gallup poll</a> the same month found that 75% of Democrats and 48% of Republicans had worn a mask outside in the past week.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In a June 2020 survey by Politico and <a href="/wiki/Morning_Consult" title="Morning Consult">Morning Consult</a>, 60% of those who stated that their opinion of the Trump administration was "very favorable" also said they supported the wearing of masks.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> In late-June 2020, amid a major surge in cases in multiple states (especially in the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Belt" title="Sun Belt">Sun Belt</a>), support towards masks abruptly emerged among prominent D.C. Republicans, in an effort to counter resistance towards the practice from President Trump.<a href="#cite_note-Bosman-2020-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Forgey-2020-179">[179]</a> In a June 28 interview on <a href="/wiki/Face_the_Nation" title="Face the Nation">Face the Nation</a>, Pence recommended that Americans follow the advice of local health officials in regards to wearing masks, as "every state has a unique situation."<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Other prominent Republicans also began to abruptly support masks and urge Trump to be a role model for his supporters, including chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee</a> <a href="/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander">Lamar Alexander</a> and Senate majority leader <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a>. Alexander commented that "this simple lifesaving practice has become part of a political debate that says: If you're for Trump, you don't wear a mask. If you're against Trump, you do", and argued that Trump could "help end this political debate".<a href="#cite_note-Bosman-2020-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Forgey-2020-179">[179]</a> A Politico survey in July 2020 found that there was bipartisan majority support for mask mandates, with 72% of those surveyed saying that they strongly or somewhat supported statewide mask mandates that are punishable by fines or jail, with 53% expressing strong support. This included 86% of self-identified Democrats surveyed, 58% of self-identified Republicans surveyed, and 68% of self-identified independents surveyed.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> During a rally on September 21, 2020, an attempt by <a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_governors_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lieutenant governors of Ohio">Ohio Lieutenant Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jon_A._Husted" class="mw-redirect" title="Jon A. Husted">Jon A. Husted</a> to promote Trump 2020 and <a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">Make America Great Again</a>-branded face masks as campaign merchandise (as part of a stated goal to "[try] to make masks in America great again") to the crowd was met with boos, to which he remarked that the audience members had "made [their] point".<a href="#cite_note-LeBlanc-2020-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mask_refusal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mask refusal">Opposition to the practice of wearing face masks, and to orders mandating face mask use</a>, has led to historical comparisons with the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Mask_League_of_San_Francisco" title="Anti-Mask League of San Francisco">Anti-Mask League of San Francisco</a> that was active during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu pandemic</a> of 1918–19.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Among_racial_minorities">Among racial minorities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Among racial minorities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protesters_along_and_around_38th_Street_in_Minneapolis_on_Tuesday_after_the_death_of_George_Floyd_in_Minneapolis,_Minnesota,_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Protesters_along_and_around_38th_Street_in_Minneapolis_on_Tuesday_after_the_death_of_George_Floyd_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota%2C_11.jpg/220px-Protesters_along_and_around_38th_Street_in_Minneapolis_on_Tuesday_after_the_death_of_George_Floyd_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota%2C_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Protesters_along_and_around_38th_Street_in_Minneapolis_on_Tuesday_after_the_death_of_George_Floyd_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota%2C_11.jpg/330px-Protesters_along_and_around_38th_Street_in_Minneapolis_on_Tuesday_after_the_death_of_George_Floyd_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota%2C_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Protesters_along_and_around_38th_Street_in_Minneapolis_on_Tuesday_after_the_death_of_George_Floyd_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota%2C_11.jpg/440px-Protesters_along_and_around_38th_Street_in_Minneapolis_on_Tuesday_after_the_death_of_George_Floyd_in_Minneapolis%2C_Minnesota%2C_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="2624" /></a><figcaption>Protesters of the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a> wearing masks; one is inscribed with the text "<a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">#BLACKLIVESMATTER</a>".</figcaption></figure> Concerns surrounding the politicization of masks have been especially prominent among <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">minority communities</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> Americans. Concerns were raised by African Americans that the wearing of masks may encourage <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a> due to their association with their use by criminals to conceal identity, such as an officer shown handcuffing a black doctor wearing a mask steps from his home, and a police officer in Illinois following two black men wearing surgical masks as they exited a <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, and falsely claiming that the city prohibited the wearing of masks.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> There have also been incidents of <a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">bullying</a>, discrimination, and ethnic violence and insults against Asian Americans who wear masks, as part of ongoing <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#United_States" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">anti-Asian sentiment tied to the pandemic</a> due to its Mainland Chinese origin.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> The April 2020 poll found that 32% of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> surveyed, and 30% of African Americans surveyed, were concerned that wearing a mask would cause them to be mistaken for a criminal, as opposed to 19% each of Asian Americans and <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">whites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-2020-176">[176]</a> Despite this, larger proportions of people among minority communities said they had worn a mask in public than whites (66%), at 71% of Hispanic and Latino Americans surveyed, 74% of African Americans surveyed, and 82% of Asian Americans surveyed.<a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-2020-176">[176]</a> In late-May and early-June 2020, masks printed with slogans related to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Police_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Police reform in the United States">police reform</a> movements (such as "<a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a>") attracted popularity amidst <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">nationwide protests</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a>. In June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">United States Postal Inspection Service</a> temporarily seized a shipment of face masks with the slogan "STOP KILLING BLACK PEOPLE", ordered by the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a> for distribution to those attending demonstrations in Minneapolis, New York City, St. Louis, and Washington D.C.. The Service stated that there "were indications that they contained non-mailable matter."<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Citing these concerns over racial profiling, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Oregon" title="Lincoln County, Oregon">Lincoln County, Oregon</a> (whose population is 95% white) initially announced that it would provide an exemption for people of color from the county's mask mandate. However, following criticism, the county backtracked on June 24. Officials stated that "The expressions of racism regarding the exception has created a ripple of fear throughout our communities of color. The very policy meant to protect them, is now making them a target for further discrimination and harassment."<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confrontations_over_mask_requirements">Confrontations over mask requirements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Confrontations over mask requirements">edit</a>]</div> There have been incidents of violent confrontations and assaults over disagreements about the masking policies of states and private businesses. Numerous reports were made of retail patrons assaulting employees at retail store's over disagreements about the store's masking policies.<a href="#cite_note-News-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> A man was arrested in October 2020 for threatening to kidnap and murder the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a> over the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas#Statewide_mask_order_and_local_mandates" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas">city's mask mandate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> By September 2020, over 170 transit workers in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">New York City</a> had reported being assaulted or harassed for asking passengers to wear face masks, including a 62-year-old man who was knocked unconscious on his route through <a href="/wiki/East_New_York,_Brooklyn" title="East New York, Brooklyn">East New York, Brooklyn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> prompting officials to implement a $50 fine for riders who refused to wear a face mask.<a href="#cite_note-nydn20201004-195">[195]</a> There have also been instances of assault against persons who refused to comply with masking policies. In <a href="/wiki/Key_Largo" title="Key Largo">Key Largo</a>, a bus driver was arrested for swinging a metal rod at a passenger who lowered his mask to make a call on his cell phone.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearance_of_vulnerability">Appearance of vulnerability</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Appearance of vulnerability">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mask_refusal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mask refusal">Refusal to wear a mask in public</a> may be driven by a fear of being seen as vulnerable and fearful of COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> In a May 2020 survey of 2,459 Americans conducted by Valerio Capraro of <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex University London</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Barcelo" title="Hélène Barcelo">Hélène Barcelo</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Sciences_Research_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematical Sciences Research Institute">Mathematical Sciences Research Institute</a>, it was found that men surveyed were more likely to display negative stigmas towards wearing masks in public, including being more likely to agree that it was "uncool", "shameful", and a "sign of weakness". Capraro noted that these stigmas were more prevalent among residents of areas that had mandated the wearing of face masks.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> Reporting on the study, Ben Boskovich of <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a> wrote that "the phrase <a href="/wiki/Toxic_masculinity" title="Toxic masculinity">toxic masculinity</a> gets thrown around a lot, sometimes more than necessary, if we're being honest. But this thing, this reality, that men are too blinded by their own inherent <a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">privilege</a> to acknowledge their vulnerabilities, to admit they're wrong, to let go of the steering wheel, is as real as the <a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again_hat" class="mw-redirect" title="Make America Great Again hat">president's hats</a> are red.".<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempts_to_incentivize_usage">Attempts to incentivize usage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Attempts to incentivize usage">edit</a>]</div> Before eventually mandating them across all properties nationwide, and Nevada announced its statewide order, <a href="/wiki/Caesars_Entertainment_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesars Entertainment Corporation">Caesars Entertainment</a> attempted a promotion at its casinos in Las Vegas, where rewards members could win $20 credits if spotted wearing a mask on the casino floor.<a href="#cite_note-Komenda-2020b-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-Komenda-2020a-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mask_use_and_policies_by_state">Mask use and policies by state</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Mask use and policies by state">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-07-17_09_07_59_Variable_message_sign_reading_%22Face_coverings_required_in_service_areas%22_along_southbound_New_Jersey_State_Route_444_(Garden_State_Parkway)_just_north_of_the_Forked_River_Service_Area_in_Berkeley_Township,_Ocean_County,_New_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/2020-07-17_09_07_59_Variable_message_sign_reading_%22Face_coverings_required_in_service_areas%22_along_southbound_New_Jersey_State_Route_444_%28Garden_State_Parkway%29_just_north_of_the_Forked_River_Service_Area_in_Berkeley_Township%2C_Ocean_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/2020-07-17_09_07_59_Variable_message_sign_reading_%22Face_coverings_required_in_service_areas%22_along_southbound_New_Jersey_State_Route_444_%28Garden_State_Parkway%29_just_north_of_the_Forked_River_Service_Area_in_Berkeley_Township%2C_Ocean_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/2020-07-17_09_07_59_Variable_message_sign_reading_%22Face_coverings_required_in_service_areas%22_along_southbound_New_Jersey_State_Route_444_%28Garden_State_Parkway%29_just_north_of_the_Forked_River_Service_Area_in_Berkeley_Township%2C_Ocean_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Variable message sign on the <a href="/wiki/Garden_State_Parkway" title="Garden State Parkway">Garden State Parkway</a> in New Jersey, informing drivers that face coverings are required in service areas</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hudson_Explorers_vs_Bishop_Watterson_field_hockey_2020-10-03_DSC_4956_(50412871168).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hudson_Explorers_vs_Bishop_Watterson_field_hockey_2020-10-03_DSC_4956_%2850412871168%29.jpg/220px-Hudson_Explorers_vs_Bishop_Watterson_field_hockey_2020-10-03_DSC_4956_%2850412871168%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hudson_Explorers_vs_Bishop_Watterson_field_hockey_2020-10-03_DSC_4956_%2850412871168%29.jpg/330px-Hudson_Explorers_vs_Bishop_Watterson_field_hockey_2020-10-03_DSC_4956_%2850412871168%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hudson_Explorers_vs_Bishop_Watterson_field_hockey_2020-10-03_DSC_4956_%2850412871168%29.jpg/440px-Hudson_Explorers_vs_Bishop_Watterson_field_hockey_2020-10-03_DSC_4956_%2850412871168%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4415" data-file-height="3039" /></a><figcaption>Woman in Ohio wearing a <a href="/wiki/Neck_gaiter" title="Neck gaiter">neck gaiter</a> as a protective face covering.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hudson_vs_Laurel_playoffs_2020-10-21_DSC_0185_(50515189057)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Hudson_vs_Laurel_playoffs_2020-10-21_DSC_0185_%2850515189057%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Hudson_vs_Laurel_playoffs_2020-10-21_DSC_0185_%2850515189057%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Hudson_vs_Laurel_playoffs_2020-10-21_DSC_0185_%2850515189057%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Hudson_vs_Laurel_playoffs_2020-10-21_DSC_0185_%2850515189057%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Hudson_vs_Laurel_playoffs_2020-10-21_DSC_0185_%2850515189057%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Hudson_vs_Laurel_playoffs_2020-10-21_DSC_0185_%2850515189057%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2245" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption>High school field hockey players in Ohio with and without masks.</figcaption></figure> By mid-November 2020, 37 states had some sort of health order requiring the wearing of face masks or a similar non-medical face covering when in public spaces or specific types of establishments.<a href="#cite_note-Marinucci-2020-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sanchez-Vargas-2020-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Absent a state-level mandate, some municipalities and counties have instituted their own mandates via localized <a href="/wiki/By-law" title="By-law">by-laws</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-peters-2020-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beahm-2020-208">[208]</a> These orders usually have exceptions for younger children, as well as those with medical conditions (such as breathing problems) or disabilities that would make it difficult to wear a mask.<a href="#cite_note-Weill-2020-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Evon-2020-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Haddad-2020-209">[209]</a> They are also usually considered an exception to prohibitions on the wearing of masks in public for the purpose of identity concealment, such as general <a href="/wiki/Anti-mask_law" title="Anti-mask law">anti-mask laws</a>, and restrictions on wearing masks while <a href="/wiki/Concealed_carry_in_the_United_States" title="Concealed carry in the United States">carrying a concealed firearm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wolf-2020-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Some states, such as Louisiana, Oregon, and Washington, at first only mandated the wearing of masks by the public-facing employees of businesses,<a href="#cite_note-king5-2020a-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-Monahan-2020-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brennan-2020-216">[216]</a> before mandating they be used by the general public as well.<a href="#cite_note-king5-2020b-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-Treisman-2020-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pitofsky-2020-219">[219]</a> Based on a study published in October 2022, mandatory face mask and stay-at-home policies' purposes were lack of consistency with infection rates and fatality rates during the United States COVID-19 pandemic period until August 2020, the period only non-pharmaceutical interventions available. States with mandatory face mask policies seem did not shown preventive effects on the incidence or average daily cases during mandatory stay-at-home order periods. There was a decrease in fatality rate when normalized to population density through mandatory face mask and stay-at-home orders. However, there were no significant differences in incidence rate, average daily new cases, fatality rate, and mortality rates among the states with or without mandatory face mask or/and stay-at-home groups. The potential reasons listed were limited in enforcement on mandatory face mask and stay-at-home, limited in mask usage adherence, and lack of mask-wearing protocols and access to higher-quality masks.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enforcement_and_challenges">Enforcement and challenges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Enforcement and challenges">edit</a>]</div> Violations of mandatory mask orders have often classified as a <a href="/wiki/Misdemeanor" title="Misdemeanor">misdemeanor</a> offence, with some states threatening fines for individuals who do not comply. Some states expressly require businesses to enforce mask mandates, with failure to do so also punishable by fines, and in some cases, being ordered to temporarily close, or have their business license revoked.<a href="#cite_note-Marinucci-2020-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sanchez-Vargas-2020-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-Haddad-2020-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-king5-2020c-222">[222]</a> Whether these mandates are actually enforced may vary; some sheriffs in California, Nevada, North Carolina, and Washington state pledged that they would not enforce the orders; one such sheriff in <a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_Washington" title="Lewis County, Washington">Lewis County, Washington</a>, announced to a crowd outside a church, "don't be a <a href="/wiki/Herd_behavior" title="Herd behavior">sheep</a>".<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> By contrast, Governor of California <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a> threatened to withhold COVID-19 relief funding from counties that do not sufficiently enforce state health orders, including its mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> In late-June 2020, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Governor of South Carolina">Governor of South Carolina</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_McMaster" title="Henry McMaster">Henry McMaster</a> argued that the inability to effectively enforce such an order influenced his decision to not implement an order at that time, stating that "there's no power on Earth that can follow everyone in the state around to be sure that they are following the rules."<a href="#cite_note-Rivera-2020-228">[228]</a> However, on July 29, McMaster reversed his prior stance and issued a statewide mandate, as part of an order taking affect August 3 that also allowed more businesses to resume operations.<a href="#cite_note-WLTX-2020-229">[229]</a> On October 2, the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Supreme_Court" title="Michigan Supreme Court">Michigan Supreme Court</a> unanimously ruled that Governor <a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Whitmer" title="Gretchen Whitmer">Gretchen Whitmer</a> had violated the state Emergency Management Act of 1976 by redeclaring a state of emergency to bypass the Republican-controlled <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Legislature" title="Michigan Legislature">Legislature</a> after it declined to renew it. In a split decision, they ruled that the Emergency Powers of Governor Act of 1945 was unconstitutional because it violated the <a href="/wiki/Nondelegation_doctrine" title="Nondelegation doctrine">nondelegation doctrine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Boucher-2020-230">[230]</a> Governor Whitmer has argued that the decision was still subject to a 21-day reconsideration period, during which the orders still stand, and later accused the Court of undermining her efforts to control the pandemic. On October 4, Michigan Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Dana_Nessel" title="Dana Nessel">Dana Nessel</a> stated that she would stop enforcing COVID-19-related executive orders.<a href="#cite_note-LeBlanc-2020b-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> On October 12, the Court denied a motion requested by Governor Whitmer for a transition period, thereby voiding all executive orders issued pursuant to the claimed state of emergency.<a href="#cite_note-Hilfinger-2020-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-Haddad-2020-2-234">[234]</a> The state <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Michigan Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> (MDHHS) had already begun to issue its own orders to supplant Whitmer's voided orders, under powers that give its director the authority to "establish procedures" and restrict gatherings during an epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-Hilfinger-2020-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-Haddad-2020-2-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-milive-hhsmasks-235">[235]</a> In turn, the MDHHS was sued by a chiropractor (one which had faced warnings from local officials for defying the mask mandate), claiming it did not have the authority to mandate masks.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> In Wisconsin, Governor <a href="/wiki/Tony_Evers" title="Tony Evers">Tony Evers</a> similarly re-declared a public health emergency (which is similarly limited to 60 days without legislative approval) to extend its mask mandate beyond its original period (which began August 1). It was challenged in a state court by the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Institute_for_Law_and_Liberty" title="Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty">Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty</a>, who requested a temporary injunction. Judge Michael Waterman ruled in favor of Governor Evers, stating that "the 60-day limit provides an important check against run-away executive power, but it does not prevent the governor from issuing a new executive order when the emergency conditions continue to exist."<a href="#cite_note-Slotkin-2020-237">[237]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook County, Illinois</a> passed a mandate requiring patrons at restaurants, gyms and other retail stores to show proof of vaccination, one of the county's local villages, <a href="/wiki/Orland_Park,_Illinois" title="Orland Park, Illinois">Orland Park</a>, refused to enforce it. <a href="/wiki/Keith_Pekau" class="mw-redirect" title="Keith Pekau">Keith Pekau</a>, mayor of the village, remained defiant during the pandemic, even suing Illinois' governor in federal court over business lockdowns.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_stances">Political stances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Political stances">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mask_compliance_officer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Mask_compliance_officer.jpg/220px-Mask_compliance_officer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="427" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Mask_compliance_officer.jpg/330px-Mask_compliance_officer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Mask_compliance_officer.jpg/440px-Mask_compliance_officer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1721" data-file-height="3337" /></a><figcaption>A mask compliance officer at a baseball park in Florida.</figcaption></figure> Opponents of mask mandates have sometimes argued that they are <a href="/wiki/Constitutionality" title="Constitutionality">unconstitutional</a>; the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a> cited that there was precedent under the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Tenth Amendment</a> (which states that any powers not granted to the federal government via the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> are reserved to states) that state governments "have the primary authority to control the spread of dangerous diseases within their jurisdictions."<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacobson_v._Massachusetts" title="Jacobson v. Massachusetts">Jacobson v. Massachusetts</a> has also been cited as case law supporting mask orders; it found that the use of <a href="/wiki/Police_power_(United_States_constitutional_law)" title="Police power (United States constitutional law)">police power</a> by states to enforce health orders designed to maintain the safety of their communities (such as, in this case, <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_vaccination" class="mw-redirect" title="Compulsory vaccination">mandatory vaccinations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Smallpox_vaccine" title="Smallpox vaccine">smallpox</a>), did not violate individual liberties under the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> In June 2020, <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a> noted that Democratic-led and coastal states had been more likely to have implemented or considered such mandates over Republican-led states (especially in the conservative <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a>)—which have cited desires to preserve individual liberties, and, in some cases, also took steps to overrule local health orders that are stricter than those imposed by the state (including mask mandates).<a href="#cite_note-Swanson-2020-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Klar-2020-244">[244]</a> Not all Republican-led states refused to do so, however, with noted early examples including Maryland and Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-Swanson-2020-44">[44]</a> Following a major spike in mid-June attributed to the rushed lifting of mitigations around the <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> weekend, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">Arizona</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">Texas</a> began to backpedal on their outright prohibition of local orders on the wearing of masks,<a href="#cite_note-Swanson-2020-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beckett-2020-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fifield-2020-246">[246]</a> and Governor of Texas <a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a> then issued a statewide mandate on July 2.<a href="#cite_note-Svitek-2020-247">[247]</a> On July 15, Governor of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Brian Kemp</a> signed an executive order to prohibit any county or municipality from enacting or enforcing a health order requiring the wearing of masks in public spaces.<a href="#cite_note-Klar-2020-244">[244]</a> He also filed a lawsuit against Mayor of Atlanta <a href="/wiki/Keisha_Lance_Bottoms" title="Keisha Lance Bottoms">Keisha Lance Bottoms</a> and her city council over a local health order requiring masks, and voluntarily rolling back to "Phase 1" guidelines (discouraging dine-in restaurants), asserting that she "does not have the legal authority to modify, change or ignore Governor Kemp's executive orders."<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> On August 13, however, Kemp dropped the lawsuit,<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> and announced the next day that localized mask mandates would be allowed if certain "health metrics" and other guidelines are met, and requiring business owners to consent if the mandate is to apply to businesses.<a href="#cite_note-ajc-reversal-252">[252]</a> In <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas">Kansas</a>, a July 2020 mask mandate by Democratic governor <a href="/wiki/Laura_Kelly" title="Laura Kelly">Laura Kelly</a> included the ability for counties to opt out if they (per consultation with health officials) assert that it is not medically necessary; the provision was described as a "bipartisan compromise" to gain support from the state's Republican-majority government.<a href="#cite_note-Shorman-2020-253">[253]</a> By July 9, 90 of Kansas's <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Kansas" title="List of counties in Kansas">105 counties</a> had opted out,<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> while several cities in counties that did opt out, such as <a href="/wiki/Manhattan,_Kansas" title="Manhattan, Kansas">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Winfield,_Kansas" title="Winfield, Kansas">Winfield</a>, would enact municipal mandates.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shorman-2020-253">[253]</a> Out of a sample of counties, 15 counties that chose to enforce the order were shown to have a reduced rate of new cases than those which opted out.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> Research released in October 2020 by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">University of Kansas</a> found that these trends had continued in the, by then, 21 counties that implemented the order.<a href="#cite_note-Carpenter-2020-258">[258]</a> The mayor of <a href="/wiki/Dodge_City,_Kansas" title="Dodge City, Kansas">Dodge City, Kansas</a> resigned from office in December 2020 after facing violent threats over her support of a local mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> Governor of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristi_Noem" title="Kristi Noem">Kristi Noem</a> questioned studies and research that support the use of face masks, claiming that they have produced "very mixed" outcomes, and arguing that "the science has not proven what's effective and what isn't and what type of mask. We have to stay objective when we look at it".<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> On March 10, 2021, Texas lifted its mask mandate and capacity restrictions, in a move that was considered premature by critics and other politicians following its announcement. The lifting of the mandate also included a prohibition on enforcing mask mandates; on the day the orders took effect, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Attorney_General" title="Texas Attorney General">Texas Attorney General</a> threatened to sue the city of <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a> for intending to continue its mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-BBCNews-2021-263">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2b-265">[265]</a> The number of new cases and hospitalizations in Texas had already begun to decline in the weeks following the announcement, with an <a href="/wiki/UNT_Health_Science_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="UNT Health Science Center">UNT Health Science Center</a> professor believing that residents continuing to follow health guidance, as well as vaccination progress and immunity, may have also been factors.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> At the start of the new school year in August 2021, political conflicts over mask mandates in schools intensified in Florida and Texas, whose governors had both issued executive orders explicitly prohibiting schools and school boards from implementing mask mandates. These orders were issued despite recommendations by the CDC that masks be worn in schools due to the threat of Delta variant, as no vaccine was approved for children under 12 at that time.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> Governor DeSantis warned that the state would withhold funding from schools and school boards that chose to mandate masks, and also threatened to withhold the wages from school officials responsible for implementing mask mandates.<a href="#cite_note-Romo-2021-268">[268]</a> A number of districts in both states announced that they would defy the orders and still mandate masks. Secretary of Education <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a> sent letters to Governor Abbott and Governor DeSantis, expressing concern that their decisions to prohibit voluntary compliance with CDC recommendations "may infringe upon a school district's authority to adopt policies to protect students and educators as they develop their safe return to in-person instruction plans required by Federal law."<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> Legal challenges against school mask mandates in Texas had gone both ways, which led to confusion over their legality.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paris_Independent_School_District" title="Paris Independent School District">Paris Independent School District</a> attempted to bypass the Texas executive order by declaring its mask mandate to officially be an amendment to the <a href="/wiki/School_uniform" title="School uniform">dress code</a> for students and faculty.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> On August 19, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Texas" title="Supreme Court of Texas">Supreme Court of Texas</a> temporarily denied a request by Governor Abbott to block a lower court ruling that had upheld school mask mandates.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> When a <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, man sought to attend a public Jefferson County Board of Education (JCBE) meeting at a <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County_Public_Schools_(Kentucky)" title="Jefferson County Public Schools (Kentucky)">Jefferson County Public Schools</a> (JCPS) building during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky">COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky</a> in August 2022, officers asked him to put on a mask, and the man refused.<a href="#cite_note-auto-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-wdrb-275">[275]</a> Alternatively the man was offered a <a href="/wiki/Face_shield" title="Face shield">face shield</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_test" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 test">COVID-19 test</a>, or the opportunity to request a waiver, all of which the man also refused; accordingly, he was not granted entry into the building.<a href="#cite_note-auto-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-wdrb-275">[275]</a> Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cameron_(American_politician)" title="Daniel Cameron (American politician)">Daniel Cameron</a> claimed the district had violated Kentucky's "Open Meetings Act."<a href="#cite_note-auto-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-courier-276">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-wdrb-275">[275]</a> JCBE argues that at the time, masks were required to enter the building, not the meeting itself, as part of the board's July 2022 Health Guidance Plan, which requires that when <a href="/wiki/Community_spread" class="mw-redirect" title="Community spread">community spread</a> of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky">COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky</a> is ranked "high" in <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Kentucky" title="Jefferson County, Kentucky">Jefferson County</a> (which it was at the time), masks must be worn to enter JCPS property.<a href="#cite_note-auto-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> The man had previously filed unsuccessful claims against the Board alleged that among other things it had violated the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Code" title="Nuremberg Code">Nuremberg Code</a> by "participating in <a href="/wiki/Human_experimentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Human experimentation">human experimentation</a>, and "<a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">sexually exploited minors</a>."<a href="#cite_note-auto-274">[274]</a> In January 2023 the board appealed Cameron's decision in <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County_Circuit_Court" title="Jefferson County Circuit Court">Jefferson County Circuit Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-wdrb-275">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary_of_orders_and_recommendations_issued_by_states">Summary of orders and recommendations issued by states</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Summary of orders and recommendations issued by states">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  No state-wide mandate. No local mandates exist.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  No state-wide mandate. Local mandates may still exist.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  A former state-wide mandate has since expired. No local mandates exist.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  A former state-wide mandate has since expired. Local mandates may still exist.</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="max-width: 1280px;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="width: 15%;">State </th> <th colspan="2">Mask mandate </th> <th rowspan="2" style="width: 65%;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 15%;">Start date </th> <th style="width: 15%;">End date </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama">Alabama</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 16, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 9, 2021 </td> <td>Alabama's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> The cities of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a> (as of April 28, 2021)<a href="#cite_note-Beahm-2020-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a> (as of June 17, 2021, public gatherings of 25 people or more)<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> had ordinances mandating wearing of masks in public spaces. However, those orders expired in May 2021.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska">Alaska</a> </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td>Alaska never had a statewide mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">Arizona</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-debate">N/A </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-debate">N/A </td> <td>Arizona never had a statewide mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> Until June 17, 2020, individual counties and municipalities were prohibited from imposing health orders stricter than those of the state itself, effectively blocking local mandates. On June 17, 2020, amidst a major spike in new cases, Governor <a href="/wiki/Doug_Ducey" title="Doug Ducey">Doug Ducey</a> announced that he would allow them to enact mandatory masking orders.<a href="#cite_note-Beckett-2020-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fifield-2020-246">[246]</a> However, on March 25, 2021, permission granted to local jurisdictions to mandate masks was revoked.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 20, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">March 30, 2021 </td> <td>Arkansas' mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> On July 19, 2020, Governor <a href="/wiki/Asa_Hutchinson" title="Asa Hutchinson">Asa Hutchinson</a> called for national leaders to set an example by wearing masks.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="COVID-19 pandemic in California">California</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">June 18, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">March 1, 2022 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div> <ul><li>California's mask mandated is expired.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>On November 17, 2020, the mandate was expanded to outdoors when social distancing is not possible.<a href="#cite_note-Higgins-Dunn-2020-291">[291]</a></li> <li>Prior to the statewide mandate, most counties in the San Francisco Bay Area,<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> and Los Angeles County enacted similar requirements.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sanchez-Vargas-2020-204">[204]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County</a>'s health officer Nichole Quick resigned from her position after receiving death threats from disgruntled residents over a mandatory masking law.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> The statewide mandate was enacted soon afterwards.<a href="#cite_note-Higgins-Dunn-2020-291">[291]</a></li> <li>Vaccinated people are exempt from mask wearing since June 15, 2021,<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> and in workplaces since June 17, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> The masking requirement for vaccinated people was reinstated on December 15, 2021<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> and expired February 15, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a></li> <li>The mask mandate remained for several settings, such as health care, regardless of vaccination status, until April 3, 2023. Also, some counties prohibit vaccine-based exemptions.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado">Colorado</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 17, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 14, 2021 </td> <td>Colorado's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> Various municipalities had health orders requiring masks to be worn in public, including <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado">Boulder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> All of those mask orders were lifted by the end of February 2022.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">April 20, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">May 19, 2021 </td> <td>Masks remain required at hospitals and other healthcare settings.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> As of March 7, 2022, all local mandates have been lifted.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware">Delaware</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 1, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 21, 2021 </td> <td>Delaware's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-debate">N/A </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-debate">N/A </td> <td>Florida never had a statewide mask mandate. As of September 25, 2020, an executive order issued by Governor <a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">Ron DeSantis</a> prohibits cities and counties from enforcing mask mandates with fines or penalties.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td>Georgia never had a statewide mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> On July 15, 2020, Governor <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Brian Kemp</a> prohibited and voided all mask mandates issued by cities and counties via executive order.<a href="#cite_note-Klar-2020-244">[244]</a> On August 14, 2020, Kemp withdrew this restriction and announced that he would sign an order to allow localized mask mandates if specific criteria are met, notably a minimal fine and allowing businesses and residences to set their own rules.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> Kemp later banned local mandates on August 19, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 17, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">March 26, 2022 </td> <td>Required for patrons of essential businesses.<a href="#cite_note-HawaiiNewsNow-2020-314">[314]</a> Mayor of Honolulu Kirk Caldwell says it would be "incumbent on the public to comply" with requests from businesses regarding mask wearing.<a href="#cite_note-HawaiiNewsNow-2020-314">[314]</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/David_Ige" title="David Ige">David Ige</a> announced the mask mandate would expire after March 25, 2022, with the expiration of the COVID emergency. This was the longest duration mask mandate in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho">Idaho</a> </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td>Idaho never had a statewide mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 23, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">February 28, 2022 </td> <td>Required in public if not fully vaccinated.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> On February 9, 2022, Governor <a href="/wiki/J._B._Pritzker" title="J. B. Pritzker">J. B. Prtizker</a> announced that the mask mandate would expire at the end of the month.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 27, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 7, 2021 </td> <td>Indiana's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa">Iowa</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">November 17, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">February 7, 2021 </td> <td>Iowa's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> On September 1, 2020, the city council of Ames issued a mask mandate after the <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a> labeled it as a hotspot.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> In addition, cities such as <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa City">Iowa City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubuque,_Iowa" title="Dubuque, Iowa">Dubuque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Iowa" title="Mount Vernon, Iowa">Mount Vernon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Rapids,_Iowa" title="Cedar Rapids, Iowa">Cedar Rapids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muscatine,_Iowa" title="Muscatine, Iowa">Muscatine</a> have issued mask mandates.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> On September 9, <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Falls,_Iowa" title="Cedar Falls, Iowa">Cedar Falls</a> issued a mask mandate after Iowa reported 478 cases in the past 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> On May 20, 2021, Governor <a href="/wiki/Kim_Reynolds" title="Kim Reynolds">Kim Reynolds</a> signed a law banning all local mask mandates.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 3, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 1, 2021 </td> <td>Kansas' mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-Treisman-2020-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shorman-2020-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> Douglas County, Wyandotte County, and Kansas City announced their own mask mandates prior to the state order.<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> On July 20, Kelly announced that teachers and students will be required to wear masks when schools reopen.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 10, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">June 11, 2021 </td> <td>Kentucky's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> Initially applied to public-facing employees.<a href="#cite_note-Wolf-2020-210">[210]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 13, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">October 27, 2021 </td> <td>Louisiana's first mask mandate expired on April 28, 2021, but a second one was imposed on August 2, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-Pitofsky-2020-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> At least five cities and parishes as of July 8 (including <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>) had mandates for wearing masks in public prior to the statewide mandate.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 30, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 24, 2021 </td> <td>Maine's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 15, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 15, 2021 </td> <td>Maryland's mask mandate expired. Required for patrons and employees at many businesses.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> On July 22, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> mandated masks in public spaces when social distancing is not possible.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 6, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 29, 2021 </td> <td>Massachusetts's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan">Michigan</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 24, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">June 22, 2021 </td> <td>Michigan's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 25, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 14, 2021 </td> <td>Minnesota's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a> both implemented ordinances requiring the wearing of face coverings by patrons of public spaces and businesses.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> Those mask mandates expired June 1, 2021,<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> but were reinstated January 6, 2022 due to the Omicron variant<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> and were withdrawn February 24, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">August 4, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">October 1, 2020 </td> <td>Mississippi's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-Fox13-2020-344">[344]</a> Previously required statewide in public settings and businesses:<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-Adams-2020-346">[346]</a> <ul><li>Initially applied in seven counties from May 12, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Adams-2020-346">[346]</a> On May 28, the order was extended through June 18, but with four counties dropped due to reduced transmission, and Wayne County added.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a></li> <li>A new order covering 13 additional counties took effect on July 13, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a></li> <li>Order expanded statewide on August 4, 2020,<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> expired on October 1, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Fox13-2020-344">[344]</a></li> <li>The state maintained local mask mandates until March 3, 2021, when all mandates were lifted.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td>Missouri never had a statewide mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montana">Montana</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 15, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">February 12, 2021 </td> <td>Montana's mask mandate expired. Newly elected Governor <a href="/wiki/Greg_Gianforte" title="Greg Gianforte">Greg Gianforte</a> rescinded the mandate issued by then-governor Steve Bullock on February 12, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td>Nebraska never had a statewide mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-Hammel-2020-354">[354]</a> In June 2020, Governor <a href="/wiki/Pete_Ricketts" title="Pete Ricketts">Pete Ricketts</a> warned that the state would withhold <a href="/wiki/CARES_Act" title="CARES Act">CARES Act</a> funding from counties that mandate the wearing of masks at government facilities.<a href="#cite_note-Hammel-2020-354">[354]</a><a href="#cite_note-Swanson-2020-44">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">Nevada</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">June 26, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">February 10, 2022 </td> <td>Required in public spaces.<a href="#cite_note-Velotta-2020-355">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> As of May 4, 2021 in alignment with CDC guidance, fully-vaccinated people are not required to wear face masks in outdoor public spaces, but indoor mandates remain in force.<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> <ul><li>Prior to statewide mandates, the <a href="/wiki/Nevada_Gaming_Control_Board" title="Nevada Gaming Control Board">Nevada Gaming Control Board</a> required the wearing of face coverings by casino employees,<a href="#cite_note-Komenda-2020b-201">[201]</a> and later for players of <a href="/wiki/Casino_game#Table_games" title="Casino game">table games</a> if barriers are not installed.<a href="#cite_note-Komenda-2020a-202">[202]</a></li> <li>On February 11, 2022, the statewide mask mandate for Nevada ended due to the cases in <a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Nevada" title="Clark County, Nevada">Clark County, Nevada</a> dropping for 2 consecutive weeks.<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">November 20, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 16, 2021 </td> <td>New Hampshire's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-auto-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> A local mask mandate in <a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua</a> remains effective "until further notice." The original mandate was passed on May 22, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> That mandate, as well as other mandates passed by New Hampshire cities, all ended by February 28, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 10, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 28, 2021 </td> <td>New Jersey's mask mandate expired Memorial Day 2021 (May 28).<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> <ul><li>Required in enclosed public spaces and outdoor public spaces when social distancing is not possible, since July 8, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 16, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">February 17, 2022 </td> <td>Required in public when social distancing is not possible.<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> The mask mandate was lifted statewide except for health care facilities February 17, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> The mandate was lifted for health care facilities August 12, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 15, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">February 10, 2022 </td> <td>Required in public on public transport and when social distancing is not possible. On May 15, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a> stated that the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">NYPD</a> would no longer enforce the order except in cases that pose "serious danger."<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> Governor Andrew Cuomo rescinded the mask mandate for vaccinated people June 15, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> Governor Kathy Hochul reimposed a mask mandate on all people statewide on December 10, 2021, due to the Omicron variant,<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> and rescinded the order for most indoor places on February 9, 2022,<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> rescinding the order in public schools on March 2, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">June 26, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 14, 2021 </td> <td>North Carolina's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">November 13, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">January 18, 2021 </td> <td>North Dakota's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-ND-over-378">[378]</a> On May 23, 2020, Governor <a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a> urged residents to stop shaming people who do wear masks, nor consider it an ideological or political issue. He explained that people may need to wear a mask "because they've got a 5-year-old child who's been going through cancer treatments. They might have vulnerable adults in their life who currently have COVID, and they're fighting."<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a><a href="#cite_note-Blake-2020-380">[380]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 23, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">June 2, 2021 </td> <td>Ohio's mask mandate expired. Required statewide in enclosed public spaces and when social distancing is not possible, or when using public transport, taxis, or ride sharing services.<a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a> The order was expanded from an earlier order that began July 8, applying to any county at level 3 on the state's advisory system. As of November 11, businesses must refuse entry to customers who do not comply or businesses may face fines or closure.<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> On April 27, Governor <a href="/wiki/Mike_DeWine" title="Mike DeWine">Mike DeWine</a> announced an order to require face masks be worn in retail stores, only to repeal the order the next day due to public resistance.<a href="#cite_note-Dugyala-2020-383">[383]</a> On July 19, DeWine said that he wouldn't rule out making a statewide mandate and hinted that more orders are coming.<a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a> DeWine lifted the mandate for vaccinated people on May 15, 2021, with the order for unvaccinated people expiring June 2.<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td>Oklahoma never had a statewide mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-Forman-2020-386">[386]</a> On May 1, the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Stillwater,_Oklahoma" title="Stillwater, Oklahoma">Stillwater</a> repealed a local ordinance announced the previous day, citing that "store employees have been threatened with physical violence and showered with verbal abuse".<a href="#cite_note-Forman-2020-386">[386]</a><a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 1, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">March 12, 2022 </td> <td>On February 28, 2022, Governor <a href="/wiki/Kate_Brown" title="Kate Brown">Kate Brown</a> announced the lifting of the mask mandate effective March 12.<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a> <ul><li>Expanded to public spaces where social distancing is not possible, since July 13, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 1, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">June 28, 2021 </td> <td>Pennsylvania's mask mandate expired. On April 15, 2020, the Secretary of Health signed an order requiring employees and customers of operating businesses to wear masks.<a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a> Required in public spaces.<a href="#cite_note-Treisman-2020-218">[218]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 8, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 6, 2021 </td> <td>Rhode Island's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">August 1, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">May 12, 2021 </td> <td>On June 26, Governor <a href="/wiki/Henry_McMaster" title="Henry McMaster">Henry McMaster</a> strongly encouraged the wearing of masks in public places, but ruled out a statewide mandate since it would be too difficult to enforce.<a href="#cite_note-Rivera-2020-228">[228]</a> A month later, he would introduce one as part of a larger phase of reopenings, requiring that they be worn at cinemas and performing arts venues, government buildings, arenas and stadiums, and during gatherings such as festivals and events, among others.<a href="#cite_note-WLTX-2020-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-WBTV-2020-392">[392]</a> On May 12, 2021, McMaster issued an executive order ending and prohibiting all mask mandates, as well as prohibiting "vaccine passports". He argued that "we must move past the time of governments dictating when and where South Carolinians are required to wear a mask."<a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td style="background: #DFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">N/A </td> <td>South Dakota never had a statewide mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brookings,_South_Dakota" title="Brookings, South Dakota">Brookings</a> became the first city in South Dakota to issue a mask mandate following a city council meeting on September 9, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a> Local mask mandates expired at various times in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-debate">N/A </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-debate">N/A </td> <td>Tennessee never had a statewide mask mandate.<a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Lee_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Bill Lee (Tennessee politician)">Bill Lee</a> has ruled out a statewide mandate, but has allowed individual cities and counties to implement mask mandates, provided that they do not restrict their use at places of worship or outdoors when social distancing is possible. A number of counties, including the city of <a href="/wiki/Nashville" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville">Nashville</a>, had enacted mandates.<a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a> Lee later signed a bill banning mask mandates by all local governments and school districts on November 10, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">July 5, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">March 10, 2021 </td> <td>Texas's mask mandate expired. Governor <a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a> issued pronouncements and orders to prevent counties from instituting orders to fine individuals for not wearing masks in public.<a href="#cite_note-Bock-2020-403">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-Swanson-2020-44">[44]</a> However, by mid-June 2020, Abbott had begun easing his stance, and began to allow by-laws requiring the wearing of masks by patrons and employees of businesses (considering it no different to stores requiring customers to wear shirts and shoes).<a href="#cite_note-Swanson-2020-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a><a href="#cite_note-405">[405]</a> On July 2, 2020, Abbott mandated masks in any county with at least 20 confirmed cases.<a href="#cite_note-Svitek-2020-2-406">[406]</a> The mandate expired on March 10, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-:2b-265">[265]</a> Abbott later banned local agencies from imposing mask mandates effective May 18, 2021, and schools from requiring masks to be worn by students and faculty, effective June 5, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Utah">Utah</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">November 9, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 10, 2021 </td> <td>Utah's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-408">[408]</a> <ul><li>Required for public-facing employees since May 2, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-moabsunnews.com-409">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-Richards-2020-410">[410]</a></li> <li>Have been required at schools since the start of the 2020—21 semester.<a href="#cite_note-Richards-2020-410">[410]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont">Vermont</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">August 1, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">June 15, 2021 </td> <td>Vermont's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-Hirschfeld-2020-411">[411]</a> On April 27, 2020, Governor <a href="/wiki/Phil_Scott" title="Phil Scott">Phil Scott</a> stated that there were no plans to introduce a formal mandate, citing voluntary compliance with CDC recommendations by residents.<a href="#cite_note-moabsunnews.com-409">[409]</a> Scott would later announce a mandate on July 24, 2020, as a precautionary measure, citing concerns about rising cases in other parts of the country (as the state has the lowest number of cases per-capita nationwide).<a href="#cite_note-Hirschfeld-2020-411">[411]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 30, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">May 15, 2021 </td> <td>Virginia's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)">Washington</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">June 8, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">March 12, 2022 </td> <td>Required in any indoor public spaces statewide and outside when social distancing is not possible. <ul><li>Required for public-facing employees since June 8.<a href="#cite_note-king5-2020a-214">[214]</a></li> <li>Since June 26, violation of the mask mandate is punishable by a misdemeanor, $1000 fine, and 90 days in jail.<a href="#cite_note-king5-2020b-217">[217]</a></li> <li>Since July 7, businesses are legally required to deny service to any patron who does not wear a mask, punishable by fines, misdemeanor, and business closure. This order has applied in <a href="/wiki/Yakima_County,_Washington" title="Yakima County, Washington">Yakima County</a> since June 26.<a href="#cite_note-king5-2020b-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-king5-2020c-222">[222]</a></li> <li>On May 11, <a href="/wiki/King_County,_Washington" title="King County, Washington">King County</a> (which includes the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_metropolitan_area" title="Seattle metropolitan area">Seattle metropolitan area</a>) enacted a directive recommending that residents wear face coverings in public settings when appropriate social distancing is not possible. This directive is "strongly required" but is not being enforced as law.<a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a></li> <li>In July 2020, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Foundation_(Washington)" title="Freedom Foundation (Washington)">Freedom Foundation</a> filed a lawsuit challenging the state's mask requirement.<a href="#cite_note-414">[414]</a></li> <li>On February 28, 2022, Governor Jay Inslee rescinded the mask mandate effective March 12.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">July 6, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">June 20, 2021 </td> <td>West Virginia's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">August 1, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">April 1, 2021 </td> <td>Wisconsin's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">December 9, 2020 </td> <td style="background: #FFDFFF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">March 16, 2021 </td> <td>Wyoming's mask mandate expired.<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Normalization_of_deviance" title="Normalization of deviance">Normalization of deviance</a> – one reason people stop using effective prevention measures</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Yan-2020-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yan-2020_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yan-2020_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yan-2020_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yan-2020_1-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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WSJ.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WSJ&rft.atitle=Wyoming+Governor+Issues+Statewide+Mask+Mandate+-+WSJ.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Flivecoverage%2Fcovid-2020-12-07%2Fcard%2Fe0sR0ZEyPrcbJYiFTLqu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFace+masks+during+the+COVID-19+pandemic+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_cases_of_COVID-19_in_the_United_States" title="List of early cases of COVID-19 in the United States">early cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases">Data</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases_by_state" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases by state">by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 testing in the United States">Testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">Vaccination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States">mandates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">misinformation and hesitancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">Misinformation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States and D.C.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="COVID-19 pandemic in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area">S.F. Bay Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio">Ohio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon">Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C." title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories and other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay Naval Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention" title="COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention">Immigration detention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess">Grand Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt">USS Theodore Roosevelt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Responses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government response</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pre-pandemic exercises <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Contagion" title="Crimson Contagion">Crimson Contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">Event 201</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Federal government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Trump administration communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden_administration_COVID-19_action_plan" title="Biden administration COVID-19 action plan">Biden administration COVID-19 action plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">State and local government responses</a> <ul><li>state responses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">California government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New York government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Texas government response</a></li></ul></li> <li>Regional responses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council" title="Eastern States Multi-state Council">Eastern States Multi-state Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact" title="Midwest Governors Regional Pact">Midwest Governors Regional Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_States_Pact" title="Western States Pact">Western States Pact</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_eviction_moratoriums_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 eviction moratoriums in the United States">Eviction moratoriums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Coronavirus_Pandemic" title="United States House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic">House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">White House Coronavirus Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups" title="Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups">Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic">Hospital ships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USNS_Mercy" title="USNS Mercy">USNS Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USNS_Comfort" title="USNS Comfort">USNS Comfort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address" title="2020 Oval Office address">2020 Oval Office address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paycheck_Protection_Program" title="Paycheck Protection Program">Paycheck Protection Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_Response_Accountability_Committee" title="Pandemic Response Accountability Committee">Pandemic Response Accountability Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Inspector_General_for_Pandemic_Recovery" title="Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery">Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Congressional_Oversight_Commission" title="COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission">COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Families_First_Coronavirus_Response_Act" title="Families First Coronavirus Response Act">Families First Coronavirus Response Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARES_Act" title="CARES Act">CARES Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paycheck_Protection_Program_and_Health_Care_Enhancement_Act" title="Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act">Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEROES_Act" title="HEROES Act">HEROES Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEALS_Act" title="HEALS Act">HEALS Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private response</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_COVID_Control" title="Center for COVID Control">Center for COVID Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covid_Act_Now" title="Covid Act Now">Covid Act Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Tracking_Project" title="COVID Tracking Project">COVID Tracking Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MusiCares_COVID-19_Relief_Fund" title="MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund">MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30_Rock:_A_One-Time_Special" title="30 Rock: A One-Time Special">30 Rock: A One-Time Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acting_for_a_Cause" title="Acting for a Cause">Acting for a Cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Drag_Fest" title="Digital Drag Fest">Digital Drag Fest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Movie:_The_Princess_Bride" title="Home Movie: The Princess Bride">Home Movie: The Princess Bride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IHeart_Living_Room_Concert_for_America" title="IHeart Living Room Concert for America">iHeart Living Room Concert for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_It_Work!" title="Make It Work!">Make It Work!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Seder" title="Saturday Night Seder">Saturday Night Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_at_Home" title="Saturday Night Live at Home">Saturday Night Live at Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street:_Elmo%27s_Playdate" title="Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate">Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Disney_Family_Singalong" title="The Disney Family Singalong">The Disney Family Singalong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Disney_Family_Singalong:_Volume_II" class="mw-redirect" title="The Disney Family Singalong: Volume II">Volume II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_Me_to_the_World:_A_Sondheim_90th_Birthday_Celebration" title="Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration">Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Together_at_Home" title="Together at Home">Together at Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Our_Selves" title="Saving Our Selves">Saving Our Selves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Parks_and_Recreation_Special" title="A Parks and Recreation Special">A Parks and Recreation Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Up_New_York!" title="Rise Up New York!">Rise Up New York!</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/U.S._Deaths_Near_100,000,_An_Incalculable_Loss" title="U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss">U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Class_of_2020" title="Dear Class of 2020">Dear Class of 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduation2020" title="Graduation2020">#Graduation2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_Together:_America_Honors_the_High_School_Class_of_2020" title="Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020">Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_One:_A_Global_Film_Festival" title="We Are One: A Global Film Festival">We Are One: A Global Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Goal:_Unite_for_Our_Future" title="Global Goal: Unite for Our Future">Global Goal: Unite for Our Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Killer_Party" title="A Killer Party">A Killer Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Disney_Holiday_Singalong" class="mw-redirect" title="The Disney Holiday Singalong">The Disney Holiday Singalong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WrestleMania_36" title="WrestleMania 36">WrestleMania 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratatouille_the_Musical" title="Ratatouille the Musical">Ratatouille the Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman_AMC_Theatres_commercial" title="Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial">Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Academy_Awards" title="93rd Academy Awards">93rd Academy Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74th_Tony_Awards" title="74th Tony Awards">74th Tony Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_the_House" title="Stars in the House">Stars in the House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">Social</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election#Effects_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postal_voting_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Postal voting in the 2020 United States elections">postal voting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19" title="2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19">2021 hospital crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_congressional_insider_trading_scandal" title="2020 congressional insider trading scandal">Congressional insider trading scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">Education</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Face masks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States">Foster care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Microsoft Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 protests in the United States">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_the_States" title="Open the States">Open the States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests" title="2020–21 United States election protests">Election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">United States Capitol attack</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_disparities_in_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Racial disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">Racial disparities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African diaspora">African-American communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities">Native American communities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States#Sports" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs affected</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_Video_Communications" title="Zoom Video Communications">Zoom Video Communications</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_pediatric_care_crisis" title="2022–2023 pediatric care crisis">2022–2023 pediatric care crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">Meat industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">Restaurant industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">Stock market crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Alabama_aluminum_plant_strike" title="2020–2021 Alabama aluminum plant strike">Alabama aluminum plant strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Allegheny_Technologies_strike" title="2021 Allegheny Technologies strike">Allegheny Technologies strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Bath_shipbuilders%27_strike" title="2020 Bath shipbuilders' strike">Bath shipbuilders' strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Columbia_University_strike" title="2021–2022 Columbia University strike">Columbia University strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Frito-Lay_strike" title="2021 Frito-Lay strike">Frito-Lay strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_HarperCollins_strike" title="2022–2023 HarperCollins strike">HarperCollins strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Heaven_Hill_strike" title="2021 Heaven Hill strike">Heaven Hill strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Hunts_Point_Produce_Market_strike" title="2021 Hunts Point Produce Market strike">Hunts Point Produce Market strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_John_Deere_strike" title="2021 John Deere strike">John Deere strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kellogg%27s_strike" title="2021 Kellogg's strike">Kellogg's strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Mercy_Hospital_strike" title="2021 Mercy Hospital strike">Mercy Hospital strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Michigan_graduate_students%27_strike" title="2020 Michigan graduate students' strike">Michigan graduate students' strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nabisco_strike" title="2021 Nabisco strike">Nabisco strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Oregon_Tech_strike" title="2021 Oregon Tech strike">Oregon Tech strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Saint_Vincent_Hospital_strike" title="2021–2022 Saint Vincent Hospital strike">Saint Vincent Hospital strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_St._Charles_Bend_strike" title="2021 St. Charles Bend strike">St. Charles Bend strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_St._Paul_Park_refinery_strike" title="2021 St. Paul Park refinery strike">St. Paul Park refinery strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_University_of_Illinois_Hospital_strikes" title="2020 University of Illinois Hospital strikes">University of Illinois Hospital strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Virginia_Volvo_Trucks_strike" title="2021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strike">Virginia Volvo Trucks strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_Warrior_Met_Coal_strike" title="2021–2023 Warrior Met Coal strike">Warrior Met Coal strike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Adams" title="Jerome Adams">Jerome Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Atlas" title="Scott Atlas">Scott Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Birx" title="Deborah Birx">Deborah Birx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Bright" title="Rick Bright">Rick Bright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Gaynor" title="Pete Gaynor">Pete Gaynor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Giroir" title="Brett Giroir">Brett Giroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hahn" title="Stephen Hahn">Stephen Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashish_Jha" title="Ashish Jha">Ashish Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Messonnier" title="Nancy Messonnier">Nancy Messonnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Murthy" title="Vivek Murthy">Vivek Murthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Navarro" title="Peter Navarro">Peter Navarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_F._Perna" title="Gustave F. Perna">Gustave F. Perna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Redfield" title="Robert R. Redfield">Robert R. Redfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_T._Semonite" title="Todd T. Semonite">Todd T. Semonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui" title="Moncef Slaoui">Moncef Slaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Slavitt" title="Andy Slavitt">Andy Slavitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochelle_Walensky" title="Rochelle Walensky">Rochelle Walensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State and local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Acton" title="Amy Acton">Amy Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Greg Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Brown" title="Kate Brown">Kate Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_A._Chokshi" title="Dave A. Chokshi">Dave A. Chokshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">Ron DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_DeWine" title="Mike DeWine">Mike DeWine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Garcetti" title="Eric Garcetti">Eric Garcetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Hochul" title="Kathy Hochul">Kathy Hochul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hogan" title="Larry Hogan">Larry Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Kenney" title="Jim Kenney">Jim Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Brian Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Lamont" title="Ned Lamont">Ned Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Lightfoot" title="Lori Lightfoot">Lori Lightfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Phil Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Pritzker" title="J. B. Pritzker">J. B. 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