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<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable proponents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_proponents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnut%C3%AD_lidsk%C3%A9ho_potenci%C3%A1lu" title="Hnutí lidského potenciálu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hnutí lidského potenciálu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Potential_Movement" title="Human Potential Movement – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Human Potential Movement" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_del_potencial_humano" title="Movimiento del potencial humano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Movimiento del potencial humano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جنبش استعداد بشری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنبش استعداد بشری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_du_potentiel_humain" title="Mouvement du potentiel humain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mouvement du potentiel humain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimenti_del_potenziale_umano" title="Movimenti del potenziale umano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Movimenti del potenziale umano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="ヒューマン・ポテンシャル運動 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒューマン・ポテンシャル運動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_do_Potencial_Humano" title="Movimento do Potencial Humano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Movimento do 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searchaux" style="display:none">American cultural phenomenon</div> <p>The <b>Human Potential Movement</b> (<b>HPM</b>) arose out of the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture of the 1960s</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and formed around the concept of an extraordinary potential that its advocates believed to lie largely untapped in all people. The movement takes as its premise the belief that the development of their "human potential" can contribute to a <a href="/wiki/Personal_life" title="Personal life">life</a> of increased <a href="/wiki/Happiness" title="Happiness">happiness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creativity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Personal_fulfillment" title="Personal fulfillment">fulfillment</a>, and as a result such people will be more likely to direct their actions within society toward assisting others to release their <a href="/wiki/Potentiality_and_actuality" title="Potentiality and actuality">potential</a>. Adherents believe that the collective effect of individuals cultivating their own potential will be positive <a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">change</a> in society at large. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roots">Roots</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Roots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Esalen_Institute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Esalen_Institute.jpg/200px-Esalen_Institute.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Esalen_Institute.jpg/300px-Esalen_Institute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Esalen_Institute.jpg/400px-Esalen_Institute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Esalen_Institute" title="Esalen Institute">Esalen Institute</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The HPM has much in common with <a href="/wiki/Humanistic_psychology" title="Humanistic psychology">humanistic psychology</a> in that <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a>'s theory of <a href="/wiki/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs#Self-actualization" title="Maslow's hierarchy of needs">self-actualization</a> strongly influenced its development. <a href="/wiki/The_Institutes_for_the_Achievement_of_Human_Potential" title="The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential">The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential</a>, founded in 1955 by Glenn Doman and Carl Delacato, was an early precursor to and influence on the Human Potential Movement, as is exemplified in Doman's assertion that "Every child born has, at the moment of birth, a greater potential intelligence than Leonardo da Vinci ever used."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the middle of the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/George_Leonard" title="George Leonard">George Leonard</a> did research across the United States on the subject of human potential for the magazine <a href="/wiki/Look_(American_magazine)" title="Look (American magazine)"><i>Look</i></a>. In his research, he interviewed 37 psychiatrists, brain researchers, and philosophers on the subject of human potential. He found that "Not one of them said we were using more than 10% of our capacity",<sup id="cite_ref-Wayne2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wayne2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a common misconception which has since been proven false.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the course of his research, Leonard met <a href="/wiki/Michael_Murphy_(author)" title="Michael Murphy (author)">Michael Murphy</a>, a co-founder of the nascent <a href="/wiki/Esalen_Institute" title="Esalen Institute">Esalen Institute</a> (established in 1962) that at the time was running educational programs for adults on the topic of "human potentialities". Leonard and Murphy became close friends and together "put forth the idea that there should be a human potential movement".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_influence">Social influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Social influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>HPM was regarded by some as being related to <a href="/wiki/Psychedelia" title="Psychedelia">psychedelic culture</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippies</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Summer_of_Love" title="Summer of Love">Summer of Love</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to author Andrew Grant Jackson, <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>'s adoption of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> philosophy and Indian instrumentation in his songs with <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> in the mid 1960s, together with the band's highly publicised study of <a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a>, "truly kick-started" the Human Potential Movement.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Elizabeth Puttick writes in the <i>Encyclopedia of New Religions</i>: </p> <blockquote><p>The human potential movement (HPM) originated in the 1960s as a counter-cultural rebellion against mainstream psychology and organised religion. It is not in itself a religion, new or otherwise, but a psychological philosophy and framework, including a set of values that have made it one of the most significant and influential forces in modern Western society.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authors_and_essayists">Authors and essayists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Authors and essayists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> used the principles of <a href="/wiki/Potentiality_and_actuality" title="Potentiality and actuality">potentiality and actuality</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to analyze <a href="/wiki/Four_causes" title="Four causes">causality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motion_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion (physics)">motion</a>, biology, <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a>, human psychology and <a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_ethics" title="Aristotelian ethics">ethics</a> in his tractates on <i><a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_physics" title="Aristotelian physics">Physics</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics_(Aristotle)" title="Metaphysics (Aristotle)">Metaphysics</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics" title="Nicomachean Ethics">Nicomachean Ethics</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/De_Anima" class="mw-redirect" title="De Anima">De Anima</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a> published his concept of a <a href="/wiki/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs" title="Maslow's hierarchy of needs">hierarchy of needs</a> in a paper in 1943. He argued that as people's basic survival needs are met, so their desire to grow in mental and emotional dimensions increases. He also coined the term "metamotivation" to describe the motivation of people who go beyond the scope of the basic needs and strive for constant betterment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michael_Murphy_(author)" title="Michael Murphy (author)">Michael Murphy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dick_Price" title="Dick Price">Dick Price</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Esalen_Institute" title="Esalen Institute">Esalen Institute</a> in 1962, primarily as a center for the study and development of human potential, and some people continue to regard Esalen as the geographical center of the movement today<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a> gave lectures on the "Human Potential" at Esalen in the early 1960s. His writings and lectures on the mystical dimensions of psychedelics and on what he called "the <a href="/wiki/Perennial_philosophy" title="Perennial philosophy">perennial philosophy</a>" were foundational. Moreover, his call for an institution that could teach the "nonverbal humanities" and the development of the "human potentialities" functioned as the working mission statement of early Esalen.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Christopher Lasch</a> notes the impact of the human potential movement via the <a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">therapeutic sector</a>: "The new therapies spawned by the human potential movement, according to Peter Marin, teach that "the individual will is all powerful and totally determines one's fate"; thus they intensify the "isolation of the self".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard" title="George Leonard">George Leonard</a>, a magazine writer and editor who conducted research for an article on human potential, became an important early influence on Esalen. Leonard claims that he coined the phrase "Human Potential Movement" during a brainstorming session with Michael Murphy, and popularized it in his 1972 book <i>The Transformation: A Guide to the Inevitable Changes in Humankind</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leonard worked closely with the Esalen Institute afterwards, and in 2005 served as its president. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Seligman" title="Martin Seligman">Martin Seligman</a> emphasized <a href="/wiki/Positive_psychology" title="Positive psychology">positive psychology</a> during his term as president of the APA beginning in 1998.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Positive psychology focuses on cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">eudaimonia</a>, an Ancient Greek term for "the good life" and the concept for reflection on the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life, often using the terms <a href="/wiki/Subjective_well-being" title="Subjective well-being">subjective well-being</a> and happiness interchangeably. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Europe">In Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs2.svg/480px-Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="480" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs2.svg/720px-Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs2.svg/960px-Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Maslow's hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom<sup id="cite_ref-honolulu_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-honolulu-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Interest in Human Potential concepts is growing in Europe thanks to training courses aimed at managers, graduate students, and the unemployed, mainly funded by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> in public development courses in the 1980s and 90s.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these courses, modules such as communication skills, marketing, leadership and others in the "soft skills" area were embedded in the programs, and enabled the familiarization of most of the Human Potential concepts. A key role was played by "EU Strategic objective 3, 4, and 5" that explicitly included transversal key competences, such as learning to learn, a sense of initiative, entrepreneurship, and cultural awareness".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These training programs, lasting as much as 900 to 1200 hours<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aimed at enhancing creativity and innovation, including entrepreneurship, and contained at all levels of education and training Human Potential concepts. One of the core concepts, <a href="/wiki/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs" title="Maslow's hierarchy of needs">Maslow's hierarchy of needs</a>, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs, became popular in Europe in the 80s mainly as a support to understanding consumer's needs, and only after its use as a key marketing concept. Philip Kotler's book "Marketing Management" was particularly influential in the 80s in popularizing several human potential concepts that were "embedded" in the book<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and entered in the working and management community. </p><p>Specifically targeted books on Human Potential have emerged in Europe and can be found in the works of specific authors. For the "Anglo" cultural area, the work of <a href="/wiki/John_Whitmore_(racing_driver)" title="John Whitmore (racing driver)">John Whitmore</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contains a harsh critique of mainstream approaches to human potential as fast cures for self-improvement: "Contrary to the appealing claims of <a href="/wiki/The_One_Minute_Manager" title="The One Minute Manager">The One Minute Manager</a>, there are no quick fixes in business".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the "Latin" cultural area, an early approach to Human Potential can be found in the work of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Montessori" title="Maria Montessori">Maria Montessori</a>. Montessori's theory and philosophy of education were influenced by the work of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Marc_Gaspard_Itard" title="Jean Marc Gaspard Itard">Jean Marc Gaspard Itard</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_S%C3%A9guin" title="Édouard Séguin">Édouard Séguin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Fr%C3%B6bel" title="Friedrich Fröbel">Friedrich Fröbel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Pestalozzi" title="Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi">Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi</a>. Her model emphasized autonomous learning, sensory exploration and training children in physical activities, empowering their senses and thoughts by exposure to sights, smells, and tactile experiences, and later included, problem solving. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_proponents">Notable proponents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable proponents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a> (1842–1910), an early proponent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Heard" title="Gerald Heard">Gerald Heard</a> (1889–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Perls" title="Fritz Perls">Fritz Perls</a> (1893–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a> (1894–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Rogers" title="Carl Rogers">Carl Rogers</a> (1902–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosh%C3%A9_Feldenkrais" title="Moshé Feldenkrais">Moshé Feldenkrais</a> (1904–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Frankl" title="Viktor Frankl">Viktor Frankl</a> (1905–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Spolin" title="Viola Spolin">Viola Spolin</a> (1906–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_L._Liebman" title="Joshua L. Liebman">Joshua L. Liebman</a> (1907–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a> (1908–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Watts" title="Alan Watts">Alan Watts</a> (1915–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Jackins" title="Harvey Jackins">Harvey Jackins</a> (1916–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Everett" title="Alexander Everett">Alexander Everett</a> (1921–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerda_Boyesen" title="Gerda Boyesen">Gerda Boyesen</a> (1922–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard" title="George Leonard">George Leonard</a> (1923–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schutz" title="William Schutz">William Schutz</a> (1925–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Dale" title="Stan Dale">Stan Dale</a> (1929–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Murphy_(author)" title="Michael Murphy (author)">Michael Murphy</a> (b. 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_C._Lyon_Jr." title="Harold C. Lyon Jr.">Harold C. Lyon Jr.</a> (1935–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Erhard" title="Werner Erhard">Werner Erhard</a> (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Heider&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Heider (page does not exist)">John Heider</a> (1936–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Houston" title="Jean Houston">Jean Houston</a> (b. 1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chungliang_Al_Huang" title="Chungliang Al Huang">Chungliang Al Huang</a> (b. 1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Ferguson" title="Marilyn Ferguson">Marilyn Ferguson</a> (1938–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Flores" title="Fernando Flores">Fernando Flores</a> (b. 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Robbins" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Robbins">Anthony Robbins</a> (b. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaela_Brohm-Badry" title="Michaela Brohm-Badry">Michaela Brohm-Badry</a> (b. 1962)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_programs">Notable programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Dynamics" title="Leadership Dynamics">Leadership Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silva_Method" title="Silva Method">Silva Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_Dynamics" title="Mind Dynamics">Mind Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Seminars_Training" title="Erhard Seminars Training">Erhard Seminars Training</a> (EST)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_culture" title="Drug culture">Drug culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_psychology" title="Humanistic psychology">Humanistic psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_development" title="Personal development">Personal development</a></li> <li>Organizations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Seminars_Training" title="Erhard Seminars Training">Erhard Seminars Training</a> (San Francisco based "est", 1971-1984) followed by <a href="/wiki/Werner_Erhard_and_Associates" title="Werner Erhard and Associates">"The Forum"</a> and <a href="/wiki/Landmark_Worldwide" title="Landmark Worldwide">Landmark Worldwide</a> (from 1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifespring" title="Lifespring">Lifespring</a> (founded 1974 in southern California)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_percent_of_the_brain_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten percent of the brain myth">Ten percent of the brain myth</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMartin2010" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Douglas (January 18, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/18/us/18leonard1.html?_r=0">"George Leonard, Voice of '60s Counterculture, Dies at 86"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+Leonard%2C+Voice+of+%2760s+Counterculture%2C+Dies+at+86&rft.date=2010-01-18&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F01%2F18%2Fus%2F18leonard1.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gentlerevolution.com/mm5/merchant.mvc?Screen=LETTER&Store_Code=G">"Letter From Glenn Doman"</a>. <i>www.gentlerevolution.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gentlerevolution.com&rft.atitle=Letter+From+Glenn+Doman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gentlerevolution.com%2Fmm5%2Fmerchant.mvc%3FScreen%3DLETTER%26Store_Code%3DG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wayne2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wayne2005_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne2005" class="citation book cs1">Wayne, Michael (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quantumintegralm00mich/page/22"><i>Quantum Integral Medicine: Towards a New Science of Healing and Human Potential</i></a>. Saratoga Springs: iThink Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quantumintegralm00mich/page/22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9766797-0-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9766797-0-7"><bdi>978-0-9766797-0-7</bdi></a>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Not one of them said we were using more than 10% of our capacity. In later years, I came to realize that was a very conservative estimate - we're using about 1% I would guess. Maybe less.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quantum+Integral+Medicine%3A+Towards+a+New+Science+of+Healing+and+Human+Potential&rft.place=Saratoga+Springs&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=iThink+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9766797-0-7&rft.aulast=Wayne&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquantumintegralm00mich%2Fpage%2F22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mcgovern.mit.edu/2024/01/26/do-we-use-only-10-percent-of-our-brain/">"Do we only use 10 percent of our brain?"</a>. 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Do+we+only+use+10+percent+of+our+brain%3F&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmcgovern.mit.edu%2F2024%2F01%2F26%2Fdo-we-use-only-10-percent-of-our-brain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWayne2005" class="citation book cs1">Wayne, Michael (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quantumintegralm00mich/page/22"><i>Quantum Integral Medicine: Towards a New Science of Healing and Human Potential</i></a>. Saratoga Springs: iThink Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quantumintegralm00mich/page/22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9766797-0-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9766797-0-7"><bdi>978-0-9766797-0-7</bdi></a>. <q>Together, they put forth the idea that there should be a human potential movement.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quantum+Integral+Medicine%3A+Towards+a+New+Science+of+Healing+and+Human+Potential&rft.place=Saratoga+Springs&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=iThink+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9766797-0-7&rft.aulast=Wayne&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquantumintegralm00mich%2Fpage%2F22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1987" class="citation news cs1">Stein, Mark A. (June 21, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-06-21-mn-8912-story.html">"20 Years After Hippie Invasion : The Summer of Love That Left Its Imprint on S.F."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=20+Years+After+Hippie+Invasion+%3A+The+Summer+of+Love+That+Left+Its+Imprint+on+S.F.&rft.date=1987-06-21&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1987-06-21-mn-8912-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2015" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Andrew Grant (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-QI3BAAAQBAJ&pg=PR16"><i>1965: The Most Revolutionary Year in Music</i></a>. New York, NY: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-05962-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-05962-8"><bdi>978-1-250-05962-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1965%3A+The+Most+Revolutionary+Year+in+Music&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-250-05962-8&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-QI3BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuttick2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Puttick, Elizabeth (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne0000unse_d3h6/page/399">"Human Potential Movement"</a>. In Hugh, Christopher (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of New Religions</i>. Oxford: Lion. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne0000unse_d3h6/page/399">399</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7459-5073-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7459-5073-0"><bdi>978-0-7459-5073-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Human+Potential+Movement&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Religions&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=399&rft.pub=Lion&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7459-5073-0&rft.aulast=Puttick&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofne0000unse_d3h6%2Fpage%2F399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>dynamis–energeia</i>, translated into Latin as <i>potentia–actualitas</i> (earlier also <i>possibilitas–efficacia</i>). Giorgio Agamben, <i>Opus Dei: An Archaeology of Duty</i> (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yVYTAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA46">p. 46</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKripal2007" class="citation book cs1">Kripal, Jeffrey (2007). <i>Esalen America and the Religion of No Religion</i>. University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Esalen+America+and+the+Religion+of+No+Religion&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kripal&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLasch1979" class="citation book cs1">Lasch, Christopher (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cultureofnarciss00lascrich"><i>The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations</i></a></span>. New York: Norton. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cultureofnarciss00lascrich/page/9">9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-01177-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-01177-7"><bdi>978-0-393-01177-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Culture+of+Narcissism%3A+American+Life+in+an+Age+of+Diminishing+Expectations&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-393-01177-7&rft.aulast=Lasch&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcultureofnarciss00lascrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span> Quoting <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarin1975" class="citation news cs1">Marin, Peter (October 1975). "The New Narcissism". <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's</a></i>. p. 48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harper%27s&rft.atitle=The+New+Narcissism&rft.pages=48&rft.date=1975-10&rft.aulast=Marin&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard1972" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, George (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transformationgu00leon"><i>The Transformation: A Guide to the Inevitable Changes in Humankind</i></a>. Tarcher. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87477-169-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87477-169-5"><bdi>978-0-87477-169-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transformation%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Inevitable+Changes+in+Humankind&rft.pub=Tarcher&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-87477-169-5&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftransformationgu00leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-honolulu-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-honolulu_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/maslow.hatm">"Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maslow%27s+Hierarchy+of+Needs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhonolulu.hawaii.edu%2Fintranet%2Fcommittees%2FFacDevCom%2Fguidebk%2Fteachtip%2Fmaslow.hatm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillipsErtl2003" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, D.; Ertl, H, eds. (2003). <i>Implementing European Union Education and Training Policy. A Comparative Study of Issues in Four Member States</i>. Springer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Implementing+European+Union+Education+and+Training+Policy.+A+Comparative+Study+of+Issues+in+Four+Member+States&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official Journal of the European Union, Council conclusions of 12 May 2009 on a strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training, 2009/C 119/02</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kotler, Philip (1984), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, and Control. Published by Prentice-Hall, Inc., first edition 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-557927-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-557927-5">978-0-13-557927-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitmore, John (1992), Coaching for Performance: Growing Human Potential and Purpose: The Principles and Practice of Coaching and Leadership, Brealey Publishing (first edition)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitmore" class="citation book cs1">Whitmore, John 2010. "Introduction". <i>Coaching for Performance: Growing Human Potential and Purpose: The Principles and Practice of Coaching and Leadership</i> (4th ed.). Brealey. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Coaching+for+Performance%3A+Growing+Human+Potential+and+Purpose%3A+The+Principles+and+Practice+of+Coaching+and+Leadership&rft.pages=2&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Brealey&rft.aulast=Whitmore&rft.aufirst=John+2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For context, 1200 hours translates to 150 days of full time training at 8 hours per day</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrogan2013" class="citation book cs1">Grogan, Jessica (2013). <i>Encountering America: Humanistic Psychology, Sixties Culture, and the Shaping of the Modern Self</i>. Harper Perennial.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encountering+America%3A+Humanistic+Psychology%2C+Sixties+Culture%2C+and+the+Shaping+of+the+Modern+Self&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Grogan&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalerno2005" class="citation book cs1">Salerno, Steve (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shamhowselfhelpm00sale"><i>SHAM: How the Self-Help Movement Made America Helpless</i></a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-5409-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-5409-1"><bdi>978-1-4000-5409-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SHAM%3A+How+the+Self-Help+Movement+Made+America+Helpless&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-5409-1&rft.aulast=Salerno&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshamhowselfhelpm00sale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+Potential+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bendeck Sotillos, Samuel "Prometheus and Narcissus in the Shadows of the Human Potential Movement" <i>AHP Perspective</i>, December 2012/January 2013, pp. 6–12.</li> <li>Enablers, T.C., 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laceweb.org.au/rhp.htm">'Realising Human Potential'</a>. Internet Source cited Jan, 2015.</li> <li>Enablers, T.C., 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laceweb.org.au/fgn.htm">'The Fastest Growing New Social Movement on the Planet'</a> Internet Source cited Nov. 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Potential_Movement&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Human_Potential_Movement" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Human Potential Movement">Human Potential Movement</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/New_religious_movement" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:New religious movement">New religious movement</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a></i></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" 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travellers">New Age travellers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Research_and_Enlightenment" title="Association for Research and Enlightenment">Association for Research and Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esalen_Institute" title="Esalen Institute">Esalen Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Family_(Australian_New_Age_group)" title="The Family (Australian New Age group)">The Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Findhorn_Foundation" title="Findhorn Foundation">Findhorn Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Alliance" title="New World Alliance">New World Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Cayce" title="Edgar Cayce">Edgar Cayce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippie subculture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human Potential Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huna_(New_Age)" title="Huna (New Age)">Huna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_theory" title="Integral theory">Integral theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">Occultism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seth_Material" title="Seth Material">Seth Material</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpersonal_psychology" title="Transpersonal psychology">Transpersonal psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">Western esotericism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proponents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Arg%C3%BCelles" title="José Argüelles">José Argüelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bach" title="Richard Bach">Richard Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Herbert_Brennan" title="James Herbert Brennan">James Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Byrne" title="Rhonda Byrne">Rhonda Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Caddy" title="Eileen Caddy">Eileen Caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Carroll" title="Lee Carroll">Lee Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Castaneda" title="Carlos Castaneda">Carlos Castaneda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Chopra" title="Deepak Chopra">Deepak Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Coelho" title="Paulo Coelho">Paulo Coelho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Creme" title="Benjamin Creme">Benjamin Creme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Ferguson" title="Marilyn Ferguson">Marilyn Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Gafni" title="Marc Gafni">Marc Gafni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf_(musician)" title="Gandalf (musician)">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Gawain" title="Shakti Gawain">Shakti Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Goodman" title="Linda Goodman">Linda Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Grey" title="Alex Grey">Alex Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Harner" title="Michael Harner">Michael Harner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Harvey_(religious_writer)" title="Andrew Harvey (religious writer)">Andrew Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Icke" title="David Icke">David Icke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Freedom_Long" title="Max Freedom Long">Max Freedom Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Maharishi Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Naranjo" title="Claudio Naranjo">Claudio Naranjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass" title="Ram Dass">Ram Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Redfield" title="James Redfield">James Redfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Roberts" title="Jane Roberts">Jane Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Satin" title="Mark Satin">Mark Satin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Spangler" title="David Spangler">David Spangler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckhart_Tolle" title="Eckhart Tolle">Eckhart Tolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neale_Donald_Walsch" title="Neale Donald Walsch">Neale Donald Walsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Wilber" title="Ken Wilber">Ken Wilber</a></li> <li><a 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