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0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <p>The <b>inker</b> (sometimes credited as the <b>finisher</b> or <b>embellisher</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the two line artists in traditional <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a> production. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Penciller" title="Penciller">penciller</a> creates a drawing, the inker interprets this drawing by outlining and embellishing it with a <a href="/wiki/Pencil" title="Pencil">pencil</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nib_(pen)" title="Nib (pen)">pen</a> or a brush. Inking was necessary in the traditional printing process as presses could not reproduce pencilled drawings. Another specialist, the <a href="/wiki/Letterer" title="Letterer">letterer</a>, handles the "inking" of text, while the <a href="/wiki/Colorist" title="Colorist">colorist</a> applies color to the final art submitted by the inker.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Workflow"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Workflow</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Digital_inking"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Digital inking</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Crediting"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Crediting</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Industry_awards"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Industry awards</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Notable_inkers"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notable inkers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Notable_penciller%E2%80%93inker_partnerships"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notable penciller–inker partnerships</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Workflow">Workflow</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Inker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Workflow" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Inker" title="Special:EditPage/Inker">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>While inking involves tracing pencil lines in a literal sense, it is an act of creative interpretation rather than rote copying. Inkers fine-tune the composition by adding the proper weight to lines, creating visual contrast through <a href="/wiki/Shading" title="Shading">shading</a>, and making other creative choices. A pencil drawing can have many shades of grey depending on the hardness of the <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> and the pressure applied by the artist, but an ink line generally can be only solid black. Accordingly, the inker has to translate pencil shading into patterns of ink, for example by using closely spaced parallel lines, feathering, or <a href="/wiki/Hatching" title="Hatching">cross-hatching</a>. The result is that the final look of a penciller's art can vary enormously depending on the inker. </p><p>An experienced inker paired with a novice penciler might also be responsible for correcting anatomical or other mistakes, modifying facial expressions, or changing or improving the artwork in a variety of other ways. Alternatively, an inker may do the basic layout of the page, give the work to another artist to do more detailed pencil work, and then ink the page themself (as <a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Joe Simon</a> often did when inking <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Simon_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or when <a href="/wiki/Michael_T._Gilbert" title="Michael T. Gilbert">Michael T. Gilbert</a> collaborated with penciler <a href="/wiki/P._Craig_Russell" title="P. Craig Russell">P. Craig Russell</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Elric_of_Melnibon%C3%A9#Adaptations" title="Elric of Melniboné">Elric of Melniboné series</a>). </p><p>The division between penciller and inker described here is most frequently found where the penciller and inker are hired independently of each other by the publisher. Where an artist instead hires their own assistants, the roles are less structured; an artist might, for example, ink all the faces of the characters while leaving the assistant to ink in the backgrounds, or work with the inker in a more collaborative fashion. Among Neal Adams' <a href="/wiki/Crusty_Bunkers" title="Crusty Bunkers">Crusty Bunkers</a>, one inker may have been responsible for the characters' heads, another doing bodies, and a third embellishing backgrounds.<sup id="cite_ref-netzer_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netzer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inking duo <a href="/wiki/Ian_Akin" title="Ian Akin">Akin</a> & <a href="/wiki/Brian_Garvey_(comics)" title="Brian Garvey (comics)">Garvey</a> had a similar arrangement, with one inking the figures and the other the backgrounds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_inking">Digital inking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Inker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Digital inking" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>One can <a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation#Digital_ink_and_paint" title="Traditional animation">ink digitally</a> using computers, a practice that has started to become more common as inkers learn to use powerful drawing and editing tools such as <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a> <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator" title="Adobe Illustrator">Illustrator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Photoshop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inkscape" title="Inkscape">Inkscape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corel_Painter" title="Corel Painter">Corel Painter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clip_Studio_Paint" title="Clip Studio Paint">Manga Studio</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Graphics_tablet" title="Graphics tablet">graphics tablet</a> is the most common tool used to accurately ink digitally, and use of <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector-based</a> programs precludes <a href="/wiki/Dots_per_inch#DPI_or_PPI_in_digital_image_files" title="Dots per inch">pixelization</a> due to changes in resolution. However the process is more time-consuming. </p><p>As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inker&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> some companies put scanned pencils on an <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP site</a>. The inker downloads them, prints them in blue, inks the pages, scans them in and loads the finished pages back on the FTP site for the company to download. While this procedure saves a company time and shipping costs, it requires artists to spend money on computer equipment. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Inker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Inker" title="Special:EditPage/Inker">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For a long time, inking was considered a minor part of the comics industry, only marginally above <a href="/wiki/Letterer" title="Letterer">lettering</a> in the pecking order. In the early days of comic books, many publishers hired "packagers" to produce entire books. Although some "star" creators' names (such as <a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Simon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Kirby</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a>) usually appeared at the beginning of each story, the publisher generally did not care which artists worked on the book. In the early days, the creator of the feature would get credit for as long as they worked on the feature, but when they were replaced by other artists, no name credit would be given to them. Packagers instituted an <a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">assembly line</a> style method of creating books, using top talents like Kirby to create the look and pace of the story and then handing off the inking, lettering, and coloring to largely anonymous – and low-paid – creators to finish it. </p><p>Deadline pressures and a desire for consistency in the look of a feature led to having one artist pencil a feature while one or more other artists inked it. At <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a>, where the pencil artist was responsible for the frame-by-frame breakdown of the story plot, an artist who was skilled in story-telling would be encouraged to do as many books as possible, maximizing the number of books they could do by leaving the inking to others. By contrast, at other companies where the writer did the frame-by-frame breakdown in script form, more artists inked or even lettered their own work. <a href="/wiki/Joe_Kubert" title="Joe Kubert">Joe Kubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Aparo" title="Jim Aparo">Jim Aparo</a> and Alex Toth would usually pencil, ink and letter, considering the placing of word balloons as an integral part of the page, and artists such as <a href="/wiki/Bill_Everett" title="Bill Everett">Bill Everett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ditko" title="Steve Ditko">Steve Ditko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schaffenberger" title="Kurt Schaffenberger">Kurt Schaffenberger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murphy_Anderson" title="Murphy Anderson">Murphy Anderson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nick_Cardy" title="Nick Cardy">Nick Cardy</a> almost always inked their own work (and sometimes the work of other pencilers as well). Most artists, however – even experienced inkers of their own work like <a href="/wiki/Lou_Fine" title="Lou Fine">Lou Fine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reed_Crandall" title="Reed Crandall">Reed Crandall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Toth" title="Alex Toth">Alex Toth</a> – at times hired or allowed other artists to ink their drawings. Some artists could make more money by pencilling more pages and leaving the inking to others; different artists with different working methods might find it more profitable to both pencil and ink, as they could place less information and detail in the pencil drawings if they were inking it themselves and could put that detail in at the inking stage. </p><p>Due to the absence of credits on most Golden Age comic books, many inkers of that period are largely forgotten. For those whose names are known, it is difficult to compile résumés. Inkers like <a href="/wiki/Chic_Stone" title="Chic Stone">Chic Stone</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Papp" title="George Papp">George Papp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Stein" title="Marvin Stein">Marvin Stein</a> embellished thousands of pages during that era, most of which are still unidentified. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Crediting">Crediting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Inker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Crediting" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>In the early 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a> began giving the inker credit in each of their publications and other publishers began to follow suit. This allowed finishers like <a href="/wiki/Dick_Ayers" title="Dick Ayers">Dick Ayers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Sinnott" title="Joe Sinnott">Joe Sinnott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Esposito_(comics)" title="Mike Esposito (comics)">Mike Esposito</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Severin" title="John Severin">John Severin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syd_Shores" title="Syd Shores">Syd Shores</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Palmer_(comics)" title="Tom Palmer (comics)">Tom Palmer</a> to earn a reputation as inkers as well as pencillers. In addition, penciller–inker teams like Kirby and Sinnott, <a href="/wiki/Curt_Swan" title="Curt Swan">Curt Swan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murphy_Anderson" title="Murphy Anderson">Murphy Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Colan" title="Gene Colan">Gene Colan</a> and Palmer, and <a href="/wiki/John_Byrne_(comics)" title="John Byrne (comics)">John Byrne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terry_Austin_(comics)" title="Terry Austin (comics)">Terry Austin</a> captured the attentions of comic book fandom. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Industry_awards">Industry awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Inker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Industry awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>In 2008 Marvel and DC inker <a href="/wiki/Bob_Almond" title="Bob Almond">Bob Almond</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Inkwell_Awards" title="Inkwell Awards">Inkwell Awards</a>, which is an award established to celebrate the craft of inking and to lift the profile of the art in general. The <a href="/wiki/Inkwell_Awards" title="Inkwell Awards">Inkwell Awards</a> has gained much publicity and counts notable inkers such as Joe Sinnott, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Massengill" title="Nathan Massengill">Nathan Massengill</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Townsend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim Townsend (page does not exist)">Tim Townsend</a> as members and associates. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notable_inkers">Notable inkers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Inker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable inkers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Adkins" title="Dan Adkins">Dan Adkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Allred" title="Mike Allred">Mike Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_Anderson" title="Murphy Anderson">Murphy Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Austin_(comics)" title="Terry Austin (comics)">Terry Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Breeding" title="Brett Breeding">Brett Breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Colletta" title="Vince Colletta">Vince Colletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Deporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Vince Deporter">Vince Deporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_DeZuniga" title="Tony DeZuniga">Tony DeZuniga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Esposito_(comics)" title="Mike Esposito (comics)">Mike Esposito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Giella" title="Joe Giella">Joe Giella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Giordano" title="Dick Giordano">Dick Giordano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gordon_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Gordon (comics)">Al Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Green_(artist)" title="Dan Green (artist)">Dan Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Irwin" title="Mark Irwin">Mark Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham_(comics)" title="Billy Graham (comics)">Billy Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Janson" title="Klaus Janson">Klaus Janson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Klein_(comics)" title="George Klein (comics)">George Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Neary" title="Paul Neary">Paul Neary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Nowlan" title="Kevin Nowlan">Kevin Nowlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Palmer_(comics)" title="Tom Palmer (comics)">Tom Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Palmiotti" title="Jimmy Palmiotti">Jimmy Palmiotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branko_Plav%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Branko Plavšić">Branko Plavšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Rubinstein" title="Josef Rubinstein">Josef Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sinnott" title="Joe Sinnott">Joe Sinnott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Toth" title="Alex Toth">Alex Toth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Frazetta" title="Frank Frazetta">Frank Frazetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Miller (comics)">Frank Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(comics)" title="Bob Smith (comics)">Bob Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Story" title="Karl Story">Karl Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Thibert" title="Art Thibert">Art Thibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_Tovladijac" title="Rade Tovladijac">Rade Tovladijac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_Vines" title="Dexter Vines">Dexter Vines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Williams_(comics)" title="Scott Williams (comics)">Scott Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Williamson" title="Al Williamson">Al Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Wood" title="Wally Wood">Wally Wood</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notable_penciller–inker_partnerships"><span id="Notable_penciller.E2.80.93inker_partnerships"></span>Notable penciller–inker partnerships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Inker&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notable penciller–inker partnerships" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Swan" title="Curt Swan">Curt Swan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Klein_(comics)" title="George Klein (comics)">George Klein</a> – Worked for decades on DC's <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a> titles. Commander R. A. Benson, USN (Ret.) wrote "[I]t was Swan with Klein who created the definitive Superman image [that] typified the Silver Age".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Swan" title="Curt Swan">Curt Swan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Murphy_Anderson" title="Murphy Anderson">Murphy Anderson</a> – Notably on the early 1970s <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a> titles, the team is often referred to as "Swanderson."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Simon" title="Joe Simon">Joe Simon</a> – possibly the first true tandem, in their heyday they defined <a href="/wiki/Captain_America" title="Captain America">Captain America</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Red_Skull" class="mw-redirect" title="The Red Skull">The Red Skull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandman_(Wesley_Dodds)" title="Sandman (Wesley Dodds)">Sandman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hawkins" title="Sandy Hawkins">Sandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhunter_(comics)#Paul_Kirk" title="Manhunter (comics)">Manhunter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Commandos" title="Boy Commandos">Boy Commandos</a>, romance comics, and much more.<sup id="cite_ref-Simon_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Severin" title="John Severin">John Severin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Will_Elder" title="Will Elder">Will Elder</a> – EC war and science fiction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dick_Ayers" title="Dick Ayers">Dick Ayers</a> – Ayers probably being Kirby's most prolific partner, the pair produced hundreds of pages of Western and monster stories before the Marvel superhero era began.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Sinnott" title="Joe Sinnott">Joe Sinnott</a> – the early years of the <i><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Four" title="Fantastic Four">Fantastic Four</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Andru" title="Ross Andru">Ross Andru</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mike_Esposito_(comics)" title="Mike Esposito (comics)">Mike Esposito</a> – the pair worked together on-and-off for over 40 years, for DC and Marvel, on such titles as <i><a href="/wiki/Showcase_(comics)" title="Showcase (comics)">Showcase</a></i>, <i>Wonder Woman,</i> the <i><a href="/wiki/Metal_Men" title="Metal Men">Metal Men</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man" title="The Amazing Spider-Man">The Amazing Spider-Man</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Ayers" title="Dick Ayers">Dick Ayers</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Severin" title="John Severin">John Severin</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Fury" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgt. Fury">Sgt. Fury</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Colan" title="Gene Colan">Gene Colan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Syd_Shores" title="Syd Shores">Syd Shores</a> – 1960s <i><a href="/wiki/Daredevil_(Marvel_Comics_series)" title="Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)">Daredevil</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Buscema" title="John Buscema">John Buscema</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tom_Palmer_(comics)" title="Tom Palmer (comics)">Tom Palmer</a> – 1960s <i><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Adams" title="Neal Adams">Neal Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tom_Palmer_(comics)" title="Tom Palmer (comics)">Tom Palmer</a> – late 1960s <i><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_X-Men" title="Uncanny X-Men">X-Men</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Avengers_(comics)" title="Avengers (comics)">Avengers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Adams" title="Neal Adams">Neal Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dick_Giordano" title="Dick Giordano">Dick Giordano</a> – late 1960s/early 1970s era <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_(comic_book)" title="Batman (comic book)">Batman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Detective_Comics" title="Detective Comics">Detective Comics</a></i>, and <i>Green Lantern/Green Arrow</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Colan" title="Gene Colan">Gene Colan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tom_Palmer_(comics)" title="Tom Palmer (comics)">Tom Palmer</a> – <i>Daredevil,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Dracula" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Dracula">Tomb of Dracula</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Strange" title="Doctor Strange">Doctor Strange</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Byrne_(comics)" title="John Byrne (comics)">John Byrne</a>/<a href="/wiki/Terry_Austin_(comics)" title="Terry Austin (comics)">Terry Austin</a> – a run on the <i><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_X-Men" title="Uncanny X-Men">Uncanny X-Men</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Miller (comics)">Frank Miller</a>/<a href="/wiki/Klaus_Janson" title="Klaus Janson">Klaus Janson</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Daredevil_(Marvel_Comics_series)" title="Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)">Daredevil</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Batman:_The_Dark_Knight_Returns" class="mw-redirect" title="Batman: The Dark Knight Returns">Batman: The Dark Knight Returns</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P%C3%A9rez" title="George Pérez">George Pérez</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romeo_Tanghal" title="Romeo Tanghal">Romeo Tanghal</a> – the <i><a href="/wiki/Teen_Titans" title="Teen Titans">New Teen Titans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Frenz" title="Ron Frenz">Ron Frenz</a>/<a href="/wiki/Brett_Breeding" title="Brett Breeding">Brett Breeding</a> – many projects but most notably late 1980s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Spider-Man" title="The Amazing Spider-Man">The Amazing Spider-Man</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thor_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Thor (Marvel Comics)">Thor</a></i>, and late 1990s <i><a href="/wiki/Avengers_Next" class="mw-redirect" title="Avengers Next">Avengers Next</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bissette" title="Stephen R. Bissette">Stephen R. Bissette</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Totleben" title="John Totleben">John Totleben</a> – Alan Moore's <i><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Thing" title="Swamp Thing">Swamp Thing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lee" title="Jim Lee">Jim Lee</a>/<a href="/wiki/Scott_Williams_(comics)" title="Scott Williams (comics)">Scott Williams</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_X-Men" title="Uncanny X-Men">Uncanny X-Men</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/WildCATS" class="mw-redirect" title="WildCATS">WildCATS</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/All_Star_Batman_and_Robin_the_Boy_Wonder" class="mw-redirect" title="All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder">All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Quesada" title="Joe Quesada">Joe Quesada</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Palmiotti" title="Jimmy Palmiotti">Jimmy Palmiotti</a> – many projects, notably <i><a href="/wiki/Ash_(comics)" title="Ash (comics)">Ash</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Daredevil_(Marvel_Comics_series)" title="Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)">Daredevil</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_McGuinness" title="Ed McGuinness">Ed McGuinness</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dexter_Vines" title="Dexter Vines">Dexter Vines</a> – known as "eDex,"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they've partnered on (among others) <i><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_(comics)" title="Civil War (comics)">Civil War</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Superman/Batman" title="Superman/Batman">Superman/Batman</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/JLA_Classified" class="mw-redirect" title="JLA Classified">JLA Classified</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Hitch" title="Bryan Hitch">Bryan Hitch</a>/<a href="/wiki/Paul_Neary" title="Paul Neary">Paul Neary</a> – Known for their run on "<a href="/wiki/The_Ultimates" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ultimates">The Ultimates</a>", written by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Millar" title="Mark Millar">Mark Millar</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Capullo" title="Greg Capullo">Greg Capullo</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Danny_Miki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danny Miki (page does not exist)">Danny Miki</a> – Known for their run on Todd McFarlane's "<a href="/wiki/Spawn_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (comics)">Spawn (comics)</a>" in the mid 1990s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Duursema" title="Jan Duursema">Jan Duursema</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dan_Parsons" title="Dan Parsons">Dan Parsons</a> – Known for <a href="/wiki/Dark_Horse_Comics" title="Dark Horse Comics">Dark Horse</a> Star Wars comics "<a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a>","<a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Legacy" title="Star Wars: Legacy">Legacy</a>", and"<a href="/wiki/Dawn_of_the_Jedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawn of the Jedi">Dawn of the Jedi</a>" in the early 2000s.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Inker&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Script_(comics)" title="Script (comics)">Script (comics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penciller" title="Penciller">Penciller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterer" title="Letterer">Letterer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorist" title="Colorist">Colorist</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Inker&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Bullpen Bulletins," <i>Marvel Two-in-One</i> #52 (Marvel Comics, June 1979).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fox,_Margalit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox, Margalit">Fox, Margalit</a> (April 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/06/arts/carmine-infantino-who-revamped-batman-and-the-flash-dies-at-87.html?_r=1&">"Carmine Infantino, Reviver of Batman and Flash, Dies at 87"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simon-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Simon_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simon_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acomics.com/ink3.htm">"The Twenty Greatest Inkers of American Comic Books: #16, Joe Simon," Atlas Comics.</a> Accessed Feb. 13, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-netzer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-netzer_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Netzer" title="Michael Netzer">Michael Netzer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michaelnetzer.com/rEvolution/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=233&Itemid=1">"The Lives and Time of Crusty Bunker," Michael Netzer Online, September 17, 2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210004639/http://michaelnetzer.com/rEvolution/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=233&Itemid=1">Archived</a> February 10, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved July 5, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.captaincomics.us/">Captain Comics forum post</a> formerly at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.gizty.com/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803200420/https://www.gizty.com/">Archived</a> 2020-08-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Last access attempt Oct. 12, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelbwasser, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gizty.com/">(May. 8, 2020).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803200420/https://www.gizty.com/">Archived</a> 2020-08-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed Feb. 13, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acomics.com/ink5.htm">"The Twenty Greatest Inkers of American Comic Books: #6, Dick Ayers," Atlas Comics.</a> Accessed Feb. 13, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Redington, James (April 15, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comicsbulletin.com/news/111355431723887.htm">"Local Convention to Host the Only National Team Appearance of <i>Superman/Batman</i> Creative Team"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515010335/http://www.comicsbulletin.com/news/111355431723887.htm">Archived</a> 2011-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comics_Bulletin" title="Comics Bulletin">Comics Bulletin</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Inker&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li>Atlas Comics (retailer). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acomics.com/ink1.htm">"The 20 Greatest Inkers of American Comics Books"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Brevoort" title="Tom Brevoort">Brevoort, Tom</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marvel.com/blogs//entry/778">"What an Inker does"</a>, Marvel.com (June 19, 2007)</li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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