CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>General Packet Radio Service - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ab31f908-e6f9-4799-afed-0401db06594b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"General_Packet_Radio_Service","wgTitle":"General Packet Radio Service","wgCurRevisionId":1254652724,"wgRevisionId":1254652724,"wgArticleId":12920,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1 errors: missing title","CS1 errors: bare URL","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2016","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from May 2023","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from June 2018","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018","Articles with excerpts","Webarchive template wayback links","3GPP standards","ETSI","Link protocols","Telecommunications-related introductions in 1997"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"General_Packet_Radio_Service","wgRelevantArticleId":12920,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"GPRS","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000, "wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q79708","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg/1200px-SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg/800px-SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg/640px-SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="General Packet Radio Service - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-General_Packet_Radio_Service rootpage-General_Packet_Radio_Service skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=General+Packet+Radio+Service" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=General+Packet+Radio+Service" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=General+Packet+Radio+Service" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=General+Packet+Radio+Service" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Technical overview</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technical_overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technical overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technical_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Services_offered" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services_offered"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Services offered</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services_offered-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frequencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frequencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Frequencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frequencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protocols_supported" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protocols_supported"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Protocols supported</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protocols_supported-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Addressing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Addressing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Addressing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Addressing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GPRS_modems_and_modules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GPRS_modems_and_modules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>GPRS modems and modules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GPRS_modems_and_modules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coding_schemes_and_speeds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coding_schemes_and_speeds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coding schemes and speeds</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coding_schemes_and_speeds-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Coding schemes and speeds subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Coding_schemes_and_speeds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Multiple_access_schemes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiple_access_schemes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Multiple access schemes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multiple_access_schemes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channel_encoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channel_encoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Channel encoding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channel_encoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multislot_Class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multislot_Class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Multislot Class</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multislot_Class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Multislot_Classes_for_GPRS/EGPRS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multislot_Classes_for_GPRS/EGPRS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Multislot Classes for GPRS/EGPRS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multislot_Classes_for_GPRS/EGPRS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attributes_of_a_multislot_class" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attributes_of_a_multislot_class"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Attributes of a multislot class</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attributes_of_a_multislot_class-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Usability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enhanced_GPRS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enhanced_GPRS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Enhanced GPRS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enhanced_GPRS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">General Packet Radio Service</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85" title="الخدمة الراديوية العامة للرزم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الخدمة الراديوية العامة للرزم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="জেনারেল প্যাকেট রেডিও সার্ভিস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেনারেল প্যাকেট রেডিও সার্ভিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servei_general_de_paquets_per_r%C3%A0dio" title="Servei general de paquets per ràdio – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Servei general de paquets per ràdio" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="General Packet Radio Service" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="General Packet Radio Service" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servicio_general_de_paquetes_v%C3%ADa_radio" title="Servicio general de paquetes vía radio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Servicio general de paquetes vía radio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="خدمات عمومی ارتباطات داده‌های رادیویی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خدمات عمومی ارتباطات داده‌های رادیویی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="General Packet Radio Service" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="जीपीआरऍस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीपीआरऍस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="General Packet Radio Service" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="General Packet Radio Service" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="General Packet Radio Service" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ജനറൽ പാക്കറ്റ് റേഡിയോ സേവനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജനറൽ പാക്കറ്റ് റേഡിയോ സേവനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_packet_radio_service" title="General packet radio service – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="General packet radio service" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8" title="जी पी आर एस – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जी पी आर एस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#GPRS" title="GSM – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="GSM" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="General Packet Radio Service" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="General Packet Radio Service" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="General Packet Radio Service" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerz%C3%A1lna_paketov%C3%A1_r%C3%A1diov%C3%A1_slu%C5%BEba" title="Univerzálna paketová rádiová služba – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Univerzálna paketová rádiová služba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="General Packet Radio Service" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="பொதுச் சிறு பொதி அலைச் சேவை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொதுச் சிறு பொதி அலைச் சேவை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA" title="จีพีอาร์เอส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จีพีอาร์เอส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9_%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="جنرل پیکٹ ریڈیو سروس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنرل پیکٹ ریڈیو سروس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8Bch_v%E1%BB%A5_v%C3%B4_tuy%E1%BA%BFn_g%C3%B3i_t%E1%BB%95ng_h%E1%BB%A3p" title="Dịch vụ vô tuyến gói tổng hợp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dịch vụ vô tuyến gói tổng hợp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%88%86%E7%BB%84%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" title="通用分组无线服务 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="通用分组无线服务" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="GPRS" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q79708#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:General_Packet_Radio_Service" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/General_Packet_Radio_Service" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&oldid=1254652724" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=General_Packet_Radio_Service&id=1254652724&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGeneral_Packet_Radio_Service"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGeneral_Packet_Radio_Service"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GSM_Standard" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q79708" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=GPRS&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="GPRS">GPRS</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Packet oriented mobile data service on 2G and 3G</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_telecommunications" title="Category:Mobile telecommunications">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wireless_network_technologies" title="List of wireless network technologies">Wireless network technologies</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Analog</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"><ul style="text-align:center;"><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">1.5G</a>)</li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Digital</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"><ul style="text-align:center;"><li><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">2.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution"> 2.75G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDMA2000_1x" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA2000 1x">2.9G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="Evolved High Speed Packet Access">3.75G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">3.9G/3.95G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> (<a href="/wiki/IMT_Advanced" title="IMT Advanced">4G/4.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">4.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.9G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ultra-wideband" title="Ultra-wideband">5.25G</a>, <a href="/wiki/5G-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="5G-Advanced">5.5G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telecommunications</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Template:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Template talk:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>General Packet Radio Service</b> (<b>GPRS</b>), also called <b>2.5G</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile data">mobile data</a> standard on the <a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> <a href="/wiki/Cellular_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular communication">cellular communication</a> network's <a href="/wiki/Global_System_for_Mobile_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Global System for Mobile Communications">global system for mobile communications</a> (GSM).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Networks and mobile devices with GPRS started to roll out around the year 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of introduction it offered for the first time<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> seamless mobile data transmission using <a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet data</a> for an "always-on" connection (eliminating the need to "dial-up"),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> providing improved <a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">Internet access</a> for <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">web</a>, <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a> services, and <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">Multimedia Messaging Service</a> (MMS).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>GPRS provides theoretical data rates of 56–114 <a href="/wiki/Kilobit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilobit">kbit</a>/s -<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> faster than the older <a href="/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data" title="Circuit Switched Data">CSD</a> - and uses unused <a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiple_access" title="Time-division multiple access">time-division multiple access</a> (TDMA) channels in the GSM system for efficiency. GPRS is a <a href="/wiki/Best-effort_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Best-effort service">best-effort service</a>, implying variable <a href="/wiki/Throughput" class="mw-redirect" title="Throughput">throughput</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latency_(engineering)" title="Latency (engineering)">latency</a> that depend on the number of other users sharing the service concurrently, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit switching</a>, where a certain <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_service" title="Quality of service">quality of service</a> (QoS) is guaranteed during the connection. Unlike older circuit switching data, GPRS was sold according to the total volume of data transferred instead of time spent online,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is now standard. GPRS was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE</a> (2.75G) which provided improved performance. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg/220px-SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg/330px-SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg/440px-SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="2025" /></a><figcaption>Sony Ericsson K310a showing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Homepage" class="mw-redirect" title="Homepage">homepage</a> via internet using a GPRS connection</figcaption></figure> <p>GPRS was established by <a href="/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Standards_Institute" title="European Telecommunications Standards Institute">European Telecommunications Standards Institute</a> (ETSI) in response to the earlier <a href="/wiki/CDPD" class="mw-redirect" title="CDPD">CDPD</a> and <a href="/wiki/I-mode" title="I-mode">i-mode</a> packet-switched cellular technologies and is integrated into GSM Release 97 and newer releases. It is now maintained by the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Generation Partnership Project">3rd Generation Partnership Project</a> (3GPP).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_overview">Technical overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Technical overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/GPRS_Core_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="GPRS Core Network">GPRS Core Network</a></div> <p>The GPRS core network allows <a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a>, <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> and <a href="/wiki/WCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="WCDMA">WCDMA</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">mobile networks</a> to transmit <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">IP packets</a> to external networks such as the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. The GPRS system is an integrated part of the <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> <a href="/wiki/Network_switching_subsystem" title="Network switching subsystem">network switching subsystem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bhandari_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhandari-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Services_offered">Services offered</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Services offered"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GPRS extends the GSM Packet circuit switched data capabilities and makes the following services possible: </p> <ul><li>SMS messaging and broadcasting</li> <li>"Always on" internet access</li> <li>Multimedia messaging service (MMS)</li> <li>Push-to-talk over cellular (PoC)</li> <li>Instant messaging and presence—wireless village</li> <li>Internet applications for smart devices through wireless application protocol (WAP)</li> <li>Point-to-point (P2P) service: inter-networking with the Internet (IP)</li> <li>Point-to-multipoint (P2M) service: point-to-multipoint multicast and point-to-multipoint group calls</li></ul> <p>If SMS over GPRS is used, an SMS transmission speed of about 30 SMS messages per minute may be achieved. This is much faster than using the ordinary SMS over GSM, whose SMS transmission speed is about 6 to 10 SMS messages per minute. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frequencies">Frequencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Frequencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the GPRS standard is an extension of GSM capabilities, the service operates on the <a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> and <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> <a href="/wiki/Cellular_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular communication">cellular communication</a> GSM frequencies.<sup id="cite_ref-Bhandari_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhandari-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GPRS devices can typically use (one or more) of the frequencies within one of the frequency bands the radio supports (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz). Depending on the device, location and intended use, regulations may be imposed either restricting or explicitly specifying authorised frequency bands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>GSM-850 and GSM-1900 are used in the United States, Canada, and many other countries in the Americas. GSM-900 and GSM-1800 are used in: Europe, Middle East, Africa and most of Asia. In South Americas these bands are used in Costa Rica (GSM-1800), Brazil (GSM-850, 900 and 1800), Guatemala (GSM-850, GSM-900 and 1900), El Salvador (GSM-850, GSM-900 and 1900). There is a more comprehensive record of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.cellmapper.net/mw/Mobile_Spectrum_Assignments_by_Country">international cellular service frequency assignments</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protocols_supported">Protocols supported</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Protocols supported"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GPRS supports the following protocols: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">Internet Protocol</a> (IP). In practice, built-in <a href="/wiki/Mobile_browser" title="Mobile browser">mobile browsers</a> use <a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a> before <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> is widespread.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Protocol">Point-to-Point Protocol</a> (PPP) is typically not supported by <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">mobile phone operators</a> but if a cellular phone is used as a <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a> for a connected computer, PPP may be used to tunnel IP to the phone. This allows an IP address to be dynamically assigned (using <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol_Control_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol Control Protocol">IPCP</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol" title="Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol">DHCP</a>) to the mobile equipment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.25" title="X.25">X.25</a> connections are typically used for applications like wireless payment terminals, although it has been removed from the standard. X.25 can still be supported over PPP, or even over IP, but this requires either a network-based <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">router</a> to perform encapsulation or software built into the end-device/terminal; e.g., user equipment (UE).</li></ul> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">TCP/IP</a> is used, each phone can have one or more <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP addresses</a> allocated. GPRS will store and forward the IP packets to the phone even during <a href="/wiki/Handover" title="Handover">handover</a>. The TCP restores any packets lost (e.g. due to a radio noise induced pause). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardware">Hardware</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Devices supporting GPRS are grouped into three classes: </p> <dl><dt>Class A</dt> <dd>Can be connected to GPRS service and GSM service (voice, SMS) simultaneously. Such devices are now available<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2018)">as of?</span></a></i>]</sup>.</dd> <dt>Class B</dt> <dd>Can be connected to GPRS service and GSM service (voice, SMS), but using only one at a time. During GSM service (voice call or SMS), GPRS service is suspended and resumed automatically after the GSM service (voice call or SMS) has concluded. Most GPRS mobile devices are Class B.</dd> <dt>Class C</dt> <dd>Are connected to either GPRS service or GSM service (voice, SMS) and must be switched manually between one service and the other.</dd></dl> <p>Because a Class A device must service GPRS and GSM networks together, it effectively needs two radios. To avoid this hardware requirement, a GPRS mobile device may implement the <a href="/wiki/Dual_Transfer_Mode" title="Dual Transfer Mode">dual transfer mode (DTM)</a> feature. A DTM-capable mobile can handle both GSM packets and GPRS packets with network coordination to ensure both types are not transmitted at the same time. Such devices are considered pseudo-Class A, sometimes referred to as "simple class A". Some networks have supported DTM since 2007<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huawei_E220_(Three).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Huawei_E220_%28Three%29.jpg/220px-Huawei_E220_%28Three%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Huawei_E220_%28Three%29.jpg/330px-Huawei_E220_%28Three%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Huawei_E220_%28Three%29.jpg/440px-Huawei_E220_%28Three%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Huawei_E220" title="Huawei E220">Huawei E220</a> 3G/GPRS Modem</figcaption></figure> <p>USB 3G/GPRS modems have a <a href="/wiki/Terminal_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal software">terminal</a>-like interface over <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> with <a href="/wiki/V.42bis" class="mw-redirect" title="V.42bis">V.42bis</a>, and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1144">1144</a> data formats. Some models include an external <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">antenna</a> connector. Modem cards for laptop PCs, or external USB modems are available, similar in shape and size to a <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">computer mouse</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Pendrive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendrive">pendrive</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Addressing">Addressing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Addressing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A GPRS connection is established by reference to its <a href="/wiki/Access_Point_Name" title="Access Point Name">access point name</a> (APN). The APN defines the services such as <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">wireless application protocol</a> (WAP) access, <a href="/wiki/Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">short message service</a> (SMS), <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">multimedia messaging service</a> (MMS), and for <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> communication services such as <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> access. </p><p>In order to set up a GPRS connection for a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_broadband_modem" title="Mobile broadband modem">wireless modem</a>, a user must specify an APN, optionally a user name and password, and very rarely an <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a>, provided by the network operator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GPRS_modems_and_modules">GPRS modems and modules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: GPRS modems and modules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GSM module or GPRS modules are similar to modems, but there's one difference: the modem is an external piece of equipment, whereas the GSM module or GPRS module can be integrated within an electrical or electronic equipment. It is an embedded piece of hardware. A GSM mobile, on the other hand, is a complete embedded system in itself. It comes with embedded processors dedicated to provide a functional interface between the user and the mobile network. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coding_schemes_and_speeds">Coding schemes and speeds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Coding schemes and speeds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The upload and download speeds that can be achieved in GPRS depend on a number of factors such as: </p> <ul><li>the number of <a href="/wiki/Base_Transceiver_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Base Transceiver Station">BTS</a> TDMA time slots assigned by the operator</li> <li>the channel encoding used.</li> <li>the maximum capability of the mobile device expressed as a <a href="/wiki/Multislot_Class" class="mw-redirect" title="Multislot Class">GPRS multislot class</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multiple_access_schemes">Multiple access schemes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Multiple access schemes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Multiple_access_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple access method">multiple access methods</a> used in GSM with GPRS are based on <a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_duplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency-division duplex">frequency-division duplex</a> (FDD) and TDMA. During a session, a user is assigned to one pair of up-link and down-link frequency channels. This is combined with time domain <a href="/wiki/Statistical_multiplexing" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical multiplexing">statistical multiplexing</a> which makes it possible for several users to share the same frequency channel. The <b>packets</b> have constant length, corresponding to a GSM time slot. The down-link uses <a href="/wiki/First-come_first-served" class="mw-redirect" title="First-come first-served">first-come first-served</a> packet scheduling, while the up-link uses a scheme very similar to <a href="/wiki/Reservation_ALOHA" class="mw-redirect" title="Reservation ALOHA">reservation ALOHA</a> (R-ALOHA). This means that <a href="/wiki/Slotted_ALOHA" class="mw-redirect" title="Slotted ALOHA">slotted ALOHA</a> (S-ALOHA) is used for reservation inquiries during a contention phase, and then the actual data is transferred using <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_TDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic TDMA">dynamic TDMA</a> with first-come first-served. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Channel_encoding">Channel encoding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Channel encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The channel encoding process in GPRS consists of two steps: first, a cyclic code is used to add parity bits, which are also referred to as the Block Check Sequence, followed by coding with a possibly punctured <a href="/wiki/Convolutional_code" title="Convolutional code">convolutional code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TS45001_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS45001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Coding Schemes CS-1 to CS-4 specify the number of parity bits generated by the cyclic code and the puncturing rate of the convolutional code.<sup id="cite_ref-TS45001_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS45001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Coding Schemes CS-1 through CS-3, the convolutional code is of rate 1/2, i.e. each input bit is converted into two coded bits.<sup id="cite_ref-TS45001_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS45001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Coding Schemes CS-2 and CS-3, the output of the convolutional code is <a href="/wiki/Punctured_code" title="Punctured code">punctured</a> to achieve the desired code rate.<sup id="cite_ref-TS45001_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS45001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Coding Scheme CS-4, no convolutional coding is applied.<sup id="cite_ref-TS45001_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS45001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following table summarises the options. </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th>GPRS<br />Coding scheme </th> <th>Bitrate including RLC/MAC overhead<sup id="cite_ref-gross_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gross-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usf_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usf-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(kbit/s/slot) </th> <th>Bitrate excluding RLC/MAC overhead<sup id="cite_ref-net_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(kbit/s/slot) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation">Modulation</a> </th> <th>Code rate </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>CS-1 </td> <td>9.20 </td> <td>8.00 </td> <td>GMSK </td> <td>1/2 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>CS-2 </td> <td>13.55 </td> <td>12.00 </td> <td>GMSK </td> <td>≈2/3 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>CS-3 </td> <td>15.75 </td> <td>14.40 </td> <td>GMSK </td> <td>≈3/4 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>CS-4 </td> <td>21.55 </td> <td>20.00 </td> <td>GMSK </td> <td>1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2G cellular technology combined with GPRS is sometimes described as 2.5G, that is, a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First time on GSM networks</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gross-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gross_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is rate at which the RLC/MAC layer <a href="/wiki/Protocol_data_unit" title="Protocol data unit">protocol data unit</a> (PDU) (called a radio block) is transmitted. As shown in TS 44.060 section 10.0a.1,<sup id="cite_ref-TS44060-section-10.0a.1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS44060-section-10.0a.1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a radio block consists of MAC header, RLC header, RLC data unit and spare bits. The RLC data unit represents the payload, the rest is overhead. The radio block is coded by the convolutional code specified for a particular Coding Scheme, which yields the same PHY layer data rate for all Coding Schemes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usf-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usf_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cited in various sources, e.g. in TS 45.001 table 1.<sup id="cite_ref-TS45001_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS45001-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the bitrate including the RLC/MAC headers, but excluding the uplink state flag (USF), which is part of the MAC header,<sup id="cite_ref-TS44060-section-10.2.1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS44060-section-10.2.1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yielding a bitrate that is 0.15 kbit/s lower.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-net-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-net_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The net bitrate here is the rate at which the RLC/MAC layer payload (the RLC data unit) is transmitted. As such, this bit rate excludes the header overhead from the RLC/MAC layers.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>The least robust, but fastest, coding scheme (CS-4) is available near a <a href="/wiki/Base_Transceiver_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Base Transceiver Station">base transceiver station</a> (BTS), while the most robust coding scheme (CS-1) is used when the mobile station (MS) is further away from a BTS. </p><p>Using the CS-4 it is possible to achieve a user speed of 20.0 kbit/s per time slot. However, using this scheme the cell coverage is 25% of normal. CS-1 can achieve a user speed of only 8.0 kbit/s per time slot, but has 98% of normal coverage. Newer network equipment can adapt the transfer speed automatically depending on the mobile location. </p><p>In addition to GPRS, there are two other GSM technologies which deliver data services: <a href="/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data" title="Circuit Switched Data">circuit-switched data</a> (CSD) and <a href="/wiki/High-speed_circuit-switched_data" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed circuit-switched data">high-speed circuit-switched data</a> (HSCSD). In contrast to the shared nature of GPRS, these instead establish a dedicated circuit (usually billed per minute). Some applications such as <a href="/wiki/Video_calling" class="mw-redirect" title="Video calling">video calling</a> may prefer HSCSD, especially when there is a continuous flow of data between the endpoints. </p><p>The following table summarises some possible configurations of GPRS and circuit switched data services. </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Technology </th> <th>Download (kbit/s) </th> <th>Upload (kbit/s) </th> <th>TDMA timeslots allocated (DL+UL) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>CSD </td> <td>9.6 </td> <td>9.6 </td> <td>1+1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>HSCSD </td> <td>28.8 </td> <td>14.4 </td> <td>2+1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>HSCSD </td> <td>43.2 </td> <td>14.4 </td> <td>3+1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>GPRS </td> <td>85.6 </td> <td>21.4 (Class 8 & 10 and CS-4) </td> <td>4+1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>GPRS </td> <td>64.2 </td> <td>42.8 (Class 10 and CS-4) </td> <td>3+2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/EGPRS" class="mw-redirect" title="EGPRS">EGPRS</a> (EDGE) </td> <td>236.8 </td> <td>59.2 (Class 8, 10 and MCS-9) </td> <td>4+1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><a href="/wiki/EGPRS" class="mw-redirect" title="EGPRS">EGPRS</a> (EDGE) </td> <td>177.6 </td> <td>118.4 (Class 10 and MCS-9) </td> <td>3+2 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multislot_Class">Multislot Class</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Multislot Class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The multislot class determines the speed of data transfer available in the <a href="/wiki/Uplink" class="mw-redirect" title="Uplink">Uplink</a> and <a href="/wiki/Downlink" class="mw-redirect" title="Downlink">Downlink</a> directions. It is a value between 1 and 45 which the network uses to allocate radio channels in the uplink and downlink direction. Multislot class with values greater than 31 are referred to as high multislot classes. </p><p>A multislot allocation is represented as, for example, 5+2. The first number is the number of downlink timeslots and the second is the number of uplink timeslots allocated for use by the mobile station. A commonly used value is class 10 for many GPRS/EGPRS mobiles which uses a maximum of 4 timeslots in downlink direction and 2 timeslots in uplink direction. However simultaneously a maximum number of 5 simultaneous timeslots can be used in both uplink and downlink. The network will automatically configure for either 3+2 or 4+1 operation depending on the nature of data transfer. </p><p>Some high end mobiles, usually also supporting <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a>, also support GPRS/<a href="/wiki/EDGE" class="mw-redirect" title="EDGE">EDGE</a> multislot class 32. According to <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> TS 45.002 (Release 12), Table B.1,<sup id="cite_ref-TS45002_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TS45002-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mobile stations of this class support 5 timeslots in downlink and 3 timeslots in uplink with a maximum number of 6 simultaneously used timeslots. If data traffic is concentrated in downlink direction the network will configure the connection for 5+1 operation. When more data is transferred in the uplink the network can at any time change the constellation to 4+2 or 3+3. Under the best reception conditions, i.e. when the best EDGE <a href="/wiki/Modulation_and_coding_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Modulation and coding scheme">modulation and coding scheme</a> can be used, 5 timeslots can carry a bandwidth of 5*59.2 kbit/s = 296 kbit/s. In uplink direction, 3 timeslots can carry a bandwidth of 3*59.2 kbit/s = 177.6 kbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Multislot_Classes_for_GPRS/EGPRS"><span id="Multislot_Classes_for_GPRS.2FEGPRS"></span>Multislot Classes for GPRS/EGPRS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Multislot Classes for GPRS/EGPRS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Multislot Class </th> <th>Downlink TS </th> <th>Uplink TS </th> <th>Active TS </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>5 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>6 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>7 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>8 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>9 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>10 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>11 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>12 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>30 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>31 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>32 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>33 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>34 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Attributes_of_a_multislot_class">Attributes of a multislot class</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Attributes of a multislot class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each multislot class identifies the following: </p> <ul><li>the maximum number of Timeslots that can be allocated on uplink</li> <li>the maximum number of Timeslots that can be allocated on downlink</li> <li>the total number of timeslots which can be allocated by the network to the mobile</li> <li>the time needed for the MS to perform adjacent cell signal level measurement and get ready to transmit</li> <li>the time needed for the MS to get ready to transmit</li> <li>the time needed for the MS to perform adjacent cell signal level measurement and get ready to receive</li> <li>the time needed for the MS to get ready to receive.</li></ul> <p>The different multislot class specification is detailed in the Annex B of the 3GPP Technical Specification 45.002 (Multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usability">Usability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Usability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The maximum speed of a GPRS connection offered in 2003 was similar to a <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a> connection in an analog wire telephone network, about 32–40 kbit/s, depending on the phone used. <a href="/wiki/Latency_(engineering)" title="Latency (engineering)">Latency</a> is very high; round-trip time (RTT) is typically about 600–700 ms and often reaches 1s. GPRS is typically prioritized lower than speech, and thus the quality of connection varies greatly. </p><p>Devices with latency/RTT improvements (via, for example, the extended UL TBF mode feature) are generally available. Also, network upgrades of features are available with certain operators. With these enhancements the active round-trip time can be reduced, resulting in significant increase in application-level throughput speeds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GSM was designed for voice, not data. It did not provide direct access to the Internet and it had a limited capacity of 9600 bauds per second.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The limitations of <a href="/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data" title="Circuit Switched Data">Circuit Switched Data</a> (CSD) also included higher costs. GPRS opened in 2000<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a packet-switched data service embedded in the channel-switched cellular radio network <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>. GPRS extends the reach of the fixed Internet by connecting mobile terminals worldwide. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="CELLPAC"></span>The CELLPAC<sup id="cite_ref-Walke-Mende-Hatziliadis_1991_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walke-Mende-Hatziliadis_1991-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> protocol developed 1991–1993 was the trigger point for starting in 1993 the specification of standard GPRS by ETSI <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gsma.com/aboutus/history">SMG</a>. Especially, the CELLPAC Voice & Data functions introduced in a 1993 ETSI Workshop contribution<sup id="cite_ref-Decker-Walke_1993_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decker-Walke_1993-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> anticipate what was later known to be the roots of GPRS. This workshop contribution is referenced in 22 GPRS-related US patents.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Successor systems to GSM/GPRS like W-CDMA (<a href="/wiki/Universal_Mobile_Telecommunications_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Mobile Telecommunications System">UMTS</a>) and <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> rely on key GPRS functions for mobile Internet access as introduced by CELLPAC. </p><p>According to a study on history of GPRS development,<sup id="cite_ref-Walke_2013_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walke_2013-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Walke" title="Bernhard Walke">Bernhard Walke</a> and his student Peter Decker are the inventors of GPRS — the first system providing worldwide mobile Internet access. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enhanced_GPRS">Enhanced GPRS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Enhanced GPRS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EDGE_symbol_Android.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/EDGE_symbol_Android.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="74" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="74" /></a><figcaption>EDGE sign shown in notification bar on an Android-based smartphone</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution</a> (EDGE), also known as 2.75G, Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC), and Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution, is a <a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> digital <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a> technology for data transmission. It is a subset of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) on the <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> network and improves upon it offering speeds close to <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> technology, hence the name 2.75G. It is also recognized as part of the <a href="/wiki/International_Mobile_Telecommunications_-_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="International Mobile Telecommunications - 2000">International Mobile Telecommunications - 2000</a> (IMT-2000) standard. </p><p>EDGE was deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003 – initially by <a href="/wiki/Cingular" class="mw-redirect" title="Cingular">Cingular</a> (now <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>) in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the introduction of sophisticated methods of coding and transmitting data, EDGE delivers higher bit-rates per radio channel, resulting in a threefold increase in capacity and performance compared with an ordinary GSM/GPRS connection - originally a max speed of 384 kbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EDGE can be used for any <a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet switched</a> application, such as an <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> connection. </p> EDGE is standardized also by <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> as part of the GSM family. A variant, so called Compact-EDGE, was developed for use in a portion of <a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">Digital AMPS</a> network spectrum.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EDGE is part of <a href="/wiki/ITU" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU">ITU</a>'s 3G definition.<sup id="cite_ref-Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution_ref1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution_ref1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evolved EDGE continues in release 7 of the 3GPP standard providing reduced latency and more than doubled performance e.g. to complement High-Speed Packet Access (<a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a>). Peak bit-rates of up to 1 Mbit/s and typical bit-rates of 400 kbit/s can be expected.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division multiple access</a> (CDMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPRS_core_network" title="GPRS core network">GPRS core network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">High Speed Packet Access</a> (HSDPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem" title="IP Multimedia Subsystem">IP Multimedia Subsystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates" title="List of interface bit rates">List of interface bit rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNDCP" title="SNDCP">Sub-network dependent convergence protocol</a> (SNDCP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commsbrief.com/is-general-packet-radio-service-gprs-in-gsm-2g-3g-or-4g/">"Is General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) 2G, 3G or 4G? – Commsbrief"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+General+Packet+Radio+Service+%28GPRS%29+2G%2C+3G+or+4G%3F+%E2%80%93+Commsbrief&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommsbrief.com%2Fis-general-packet-radio-service-gprs-in-gsm-2g-3g-or-4g%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1338172.stm">"Q&A: GPRS phones"</a>. 2001-05-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+GPRS+phones&rft.date=2001-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F1338172.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1237079.stm">"Industry's mobile hopes"</a>. 2001-03-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Industry%27s+mobile+hopes&rft.date=2001-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F1237079.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1338172.stm">"Q&A: GPRS phones"</a>. 2001-05-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+GPRS+phones&rft.date=2001-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F1338172.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100128100744/http://about.qkport.com/g/general_packet_radio_service">"General packet radio service from Qkport"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://about.qkport.com/g/general_packet_radio_service">the original</a> on 2010-01-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+packet+radio+service+from+Qkport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabout.qkport.com%2Fg%2Fgeneral_packet_radio_service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/digitalfuture/2002/02/06/gprs.shtml">"BBC - Bristol - Digital Future - WAP gets a rocket"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+-+Bristol+-+Digital+Future+-+WAP+gets+a+rocket&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbristol%2Fcontent%2Fdigitalfuture%2F2002%2F02%2F06%2Fgprs.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etsi.org/index.php">"Welcome to the World of Standards!"</a>. <i>ETSI</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ETSI&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+the+World+of+Standards%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etsi.org%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.3gpp.org/">"3GPP – The Mobile Broadband Standard"</a>. <i>3GPP</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=3GPP&rft.atitle=3GPP+%E2%80%93+The+Mobile+Broadband+Standard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.3gpp.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/networking/articles/what-is-gprs/">"What Is GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)? Meaning, Working, Advantages, and Applications"</a>. <i>Spiceworks</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spiceworks&rft.atitle=What+Is+GPRS+%28General+Packet+Radio+Service%29%3F+Meaning%2C+Working%2C+Advantages%2C+and+Applications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiceworks.com%2Ftech%2Fnetworking%2Farticles%2Fwhat-is-gprs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bhandari-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bhandari_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bhandari_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandeep_Bhandari2021" class="citation web cs1">Sandeep Bhandari (2021-09-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://askanydifference.com/difference-between-gsm-and-gprs-with-table/">"Difference Between GSM and GPRS"</a>. <i>askanydifference.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=askanydifference.com&rft.atitle=Difference+Between+GSM+and+GPRS&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft.au=Sandeep+Bhandari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faskanydifference.com%2Fdifference-between-gsm-and-gprs-with-table%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commsbrief.com/4g-vs-gprs-what-is-the-difference-between-4g-lte-and-gprs/">"4G vs GPRS: What is the difference between 4G LTE and GPRS?"</a>. <i>Commsbrief</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commsbrief&rft.atitle=4G+vs+GPRS%3A+What+is+the+difference+between+4G+LTE+and+GPRS%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommsbrief.com%2F4g-vs-gprs-what-is-the-difference-between-4g-lte-and-gprs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.ofcom.org.uk/static/spectrum/fat.html">"Ofcom UK Frequency Allocation (UKFAT) Page"</a>. <i>static.ofcom.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=static.ofcom.org.uk&rft.atitle=Ofcom+UK+Frequency+Allocation+%28UKFAT%29+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.ofcom.org.uk%2Fstatic%2Fspectrum%2Ffat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230501041408/https://support.honeywellaidc.com/s/article/What-frequency-does-the-data-traffic-use-in-GPRS">"What frequency does the data traffic use in GPRS?"</a>. <i>Honeywell AIDC</i>. Honeywell. 2014-10-07. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.honeywellaidc.com/s/article/What-frequency-does-the-data-traffic-use-in-GPRS">the original</a> on 2023-05-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Honeywell+AIDC&rft.atitle=What+frequency+does+the+data+traffic+use+in+GPRS%3F&rft.date=2014-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.honeywellaidc.com%2Fs%2Farticle%2FWhat-frequency-does-the-data-traffic-use-in-GPRS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.cellmapper.net/mw/Mobile_Spectrum_Assignments_by_Country">"Mobile Spectrum Assignments by Country"</a>. <i>CellMapper Wiki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CellMapper+Wiki&rft.atitle=Mobile+Spectrum+Assignments+by+Country&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.cellmapper.net%2Fmw%2FMobile_Spectrum_Assignments_by_Country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TS45001-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TS45001_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TS45001_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TS45001_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TS45001_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TS45001_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TS45001_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project2014" class="citation web cs1">3rd Generation Partnership Project (November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/45001.htm">"3GGP TS45.001: Technical Specification Group GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network; Physical layer on the radio path; General description"</a>. 12.1.0<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3GGP+TS45.001%3A+Technical+Specification+Group+GSM%2FEDGE+Radio+Access+Network%3B+Physical+layer+on+the+radio+path%3B+General+description&rft.series=12.1.0&rft.date=2014-11&rft.au=3rd+Generation+Partnership+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3gpp.org%2Fftp%2FSpecs%2Fhtml-info%2F45001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TS44060-section-10.0a.1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TS44060-section-10.0a.1_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project2015" class="citation web cs1">3rd Generation Partnership Project (June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/45001.htm">"3GGP TS45.001: Technical Specification Group GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network; Mobile Station (MS) - Base Station System (BSS) interface; Radio Link Control / Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC) protocol; section 10.0a.1 - GPRS RLC/MAC block for data transfer"</a>. 12.5.0<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3GGP+TS45.001%3A+Technical+Specification+Group+GSM%2FEDGE+Radio+Access+Network%3B+Mobile+Station+%28MS%29+-+Base+Station+System+%28BSS%29+interface%3B+Radio+Link+Control+%2F+Medium+Access+Control+%28RLC%2FMAC%29+protocol%3B+section+10.0a.1+-+GPRS+RLC%2FMAC+block+for+data+transfer&rft.series=12.5.0&rft.date=2015-06&rft.au=3rd+Generation+Partnership+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3gpp.org%2Fftp%2FSpecs%2Fhtml-info%2F45001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TS44060-section-10.2.1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TS44060-section-10.2.1_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project2015" class="citation web cs1">3rd Generation Partnership Project (June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/45001.htm">"3GGP TS45.001: Technical Specification Group GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network; Mobile Station (MS) - Base Station System (BSS) interface; Radio Link Control / Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC) protocol; section 10.2.1 - Downlink RLC data block"</a>. 12.5.0<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3GGP+TS45.001%3A+Technical+Specification+Group+GSM%2FEDGE+Radio+Access+Network%3B+Mobile+Station+%28MS%29+-+Base+Station+System+%28BSS%29+interface%3B+Radio+Link+Control+%2F+Medium+Access+Control+%28RLC%2FMAC%29+protocol%3B+section+10.2.1+-+Downlink+RLC+data+block&rft.series=12.5.0&rft.date=2015-06&rft.au=3rd+Generation+Partnership+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3gpp.org%2Fftp%2FSpecs%2Fhtml-info%2F45001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TS45002-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TS45002_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project2015" class="citation web cs1">3rd Generation Partnership Project (March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/45002.htm">"3GGP TS45.002: Technical Specification Group GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network; Multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path (Release 12)"</a>. 12.4.0<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3GGP+TS45.002%3A+Technical+Specification+Group+GSM%2FEDGE+Radio+Access+Network%3B+Multiplexing+and+multiple+access+on+the+radio+path+%28Release+12%29&rft.series=12.4.0&rft.date=2015-03&rft.au=3rd+Generation+Partnership+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3gpp.org%2Fftp%2FSpecs%2Fhtml-info%2F45002.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127153600/http://mobilesociety.typepad.com/mobile_life/2007/04/gprs_and_edge_m.html">"GPRS and EDGE Multislot Classes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobilesociety.typepad.com/mobile_life/2007/04/gprs_and_edge_m.html">the original</a> on 2010-11-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GPRS+and+EDGE+Multislot+Classes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobilesociety.typepad.com%2Fmobile_life%2F2007%2F04%2Fgprs_and_edge_m.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~lewis/teaching/Tik-111.htm">"Tik-111"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tik-111&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dcs.gla.ac.uk%2F~lewis%2Fteaching%2FTik-111.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaynes2001" class="citation book cs1">Haynes, John D. (July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1UW7Y6zj17wC&dq=gprs+2000&pg=PA32"><i>Internet Management Issues: A Global Perspective: A Global Perspective</i></a>. Idea Group Inc (IGI). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781591400158" title="Special:BookSources/9781591400158"><bdi>9781591400158</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Internet+Management+Issues%3A+A+Global+Perspective%3A+A+Global+Perspective&rft.pub=Idea+Group+Inc+%28IGI%29&rft.date=2001-07&rft.isbn=9781591400158&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1UW7Y6zj17wC%26dq%3Dgprs%2B2000%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walke-Mende-Hatziliadis_1991-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Walke-Mende-Hatziliadis_1991_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalkeMendeHatziliadis1991" class="citation conference cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Walke" title="Bernhard Walke">Walke, Bernhard H.</a>; Mende, Wolf; Hatziliadis, Georgios (19–22 May 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/1991WaMeHacellpac.pdf"><i>CELLPAC: A Packet Radio Protocol Applied to the Cellular GSM Mobile Radio Network</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Proceedings of 41st IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference. St. Louis, Missouri, USA: <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a>. pp. 408–413. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FVETEC.1991.140520">10.1109/VETEC.1991.140520</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87942-582-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87942-582-2"><bdi>0-87942-582-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1090-3038">1090-3038</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117195241/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/1991WaMeHacellpac.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-11-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=CELLPAC%3A+A+Packet+Radio+Protocol+Applied+to+the+Cellular+GSM+Mobile+Radio+Network&rft.place=St.+Louis%2C+Missouri%2C+USA&rft.pages=408-413&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.date=1991-05-19%2F1991-05-22&rft.issn=1090-3038&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FVETEC.1991.140520&rft.isbn=0-87942-582-2&rft.aulast=Walke&rft.aufirst=Bernhard+H.&rft.au=Mende%2C+Wolf&rft.au=Hatziliadis%2C+Georgios&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comnets.rwth-aachen.de%2Fdownloads%2Fpublications%2F1991WaMeHacellpac.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span> (6 pages)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Decker-Walke_1993-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Decker-Walke_1993_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeckerWalke1993" class="citation conference cs1">Decker, Peter; <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_H._Walke" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernhard H. Walke">Walke, Bernhard H.</a> (1993-10-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/DeWaETSIHelsinki93.pdf"><i>A General Packet Radio Service proposed for GSM</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ETSI SMG Workshop "GSM in a Future Competitive Environment". Helsinki, Finland. pp. 1–20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918230645/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/DeWaETSIHelsinki93.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=A+General+Packet+Radio+Service+proposed+for+GSM&rft.place=Helsinki%2C+Finland&rft.pages=1-20&rft.date=1993-10-13&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Walke%2C+Bernhard+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comnets.rwth-aachen.de%2Fdownloads%2Fpublications%2FDeWaETSIHelsinki93.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span> (11 pages)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Program “Publish or Perish”, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.harzing.com/pop.htm">[1]</a> returns to a search for P. Decker, B. Walke, their most cited paper that unveils US patents referencing that paper.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walke_2013-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Walke_2013_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalke2013" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_H._Walke" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernhard H. Walke">Walke, Bernhard H.</a> (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/Roots_of_GPRS_final.pdf">"The Roots of GPRS: The First System for Mobile Packet-Based Global Internet Access"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Wireless_Communications" title="IEEE Wireless Communications">IEEE Wireless Communications</a></i>. Aachen, Germany: <a href="/wiki/ComNets_Research_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="ComNets Research Group">ComNets Research Group</a>: 12–23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918230659/http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/downloads/publications/Roots_of_GPRS_final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Wireless+Communications&rft.atitle=The+Roots+of+GPRS%3A+The+First+System+for+Mobile+Packet-Based+Global+Internet+Access&rft.pages=12-23&rft.date=2013-10&rft.aulast=Walke&rft.aufirst=Bernhard+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comnets.rwth-aachen.de%2Fdownloads%2Fpublications%2FRoots_of_GPRS_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span> (19 pages)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/imt-2000/MiscDocuments/IMT-Deployments-Rev3.pdf">http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/imt-2000/MiscDocuments/IMT-Deployments-Rev3.pdf</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itu.int%2FITU-D%2Fimt-2000%2FMiscDocuments%2FIMT-Deployments-Rev3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://tacs.eu/Analyses/Wireless%20Networks/edge1.pdf">https://tacs.eu/Analyses/Wireless%20Networks/edge1.pdf</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ETSI SMG2 99/872</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution_ref1-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution_ref1_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090306095648/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/imt-2000/DocumentsIMT2000/IMT-2000.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/imt-2000/DocumentsIMT2000/IMT-2000.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itu.int%2FITU-D%2Fimt-2000%2FDocumentsIMT2000%2FIMT-2000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Packet+Radio+Service" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.3gpp.org/FTP/Specs/archive/27_series/27.007/27007-841.zip">3GPP AT command set for user equipment (UE)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209213430/http://www.gprssecurity.com/">GPRS security information</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived February 9, 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telecomspace.com/datatech-gprs.html">Free GPRS resources</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100607080912/http://www.telecomspace.com/datatech-gprs.html">Archived</a> 2010-06-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050207090121/http://www.gsmworld.com/technology/gprs/intro.shtml">GSM World, the trade association for GSM and GPRS network operators</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010608033941/http://www.palowireless.com/gprs/">Palowireless GPRS resource center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eventhelix.com/RealtimeMantra/Telecom/gprs_attach_pdp_sequence_diagram.pdf">GPRS attach and PDP context activation sequence diagram</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101083737/http://www.eventhelix.com/RealtimeMantra/Telecom/gprs_attach_pdp_sequence_diagram.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-01-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_access" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_access" title="Template:Internet access"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_access" title="Template talk:Internet access"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_access" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet access"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_access" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">Internet access</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Internet_access" title="Cable Internet access">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dial-up_Internet_access" title="Dial-up Internet access">Dial-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS">DOCSIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_subscriber_line" title="Digital subscriber line">DSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_to_the_x" title="Fiber to the x">FTTx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.hn" title="G.hn">G.hn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nessum" title="Nessum">Nessum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePlug" title="HomePlug">HomePlug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePNA" title="HomePNA">HomePNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_1901" title="IEEE 1901">IEEE 1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_over_Coax_Alliance" title="Multimedia over Coax Alliance">MoCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_optical_network" title="Passive optical network">PON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power-line_communication" title="Power-line communication">Power-line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadband_over_power_lines" title="Broadband over power lines">Broadband</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Personal_area_network" title="Personal area network">Wireless PAN</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li-Fi" title="Li-Fi">Li-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_USB" title="Wireless USB">Wireless USB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wireless_LAN" title="Wireless LAN">Wireless LAN</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Long range wireless</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR" title="5G NR">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_enhanced_cordless_telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications">DECT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EVDO</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBurst" class="mw-redirect" title="IBurst">iBurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multichannel_Multipoint_Distribution_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service">MMDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_wireless_network" title="Municipal wireless network">Muni Wi-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Internet_access" title="Satellite Internet access">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMTS-TDD" class="mw-redirect" title="UMTS-TDD">UMTS-TDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cellular_network_standards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cellular_network_standards" title="Template:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cellular_network_standards" title="Template talk:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cellular_network_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cellular_network_standards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a> standards</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">List of mobile phone generations</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">radio telephones</a> (1946)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Mobile Telephone Service">MTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Improved Mobile Telephone Service">IMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_(mobile_telephone_system)" title="Altai (mobile telephone system)">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLT_(mobile_network)" title="OLT (mobile network)">OLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTD_(mobile_network)" title="MTD (mobile network)">MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_TeleSeratout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile TeleSeratout (page does not exist)">Mobile TeleSeratout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Telephone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Telephone System">AMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autotel" title="Autotel">Autotel (PALM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoradiopuhelin" title="Autoradiopuhelin">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-Netz" title="B-Netz">B-Netz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMR_radiotelephone_network_(Czechoslovakia)" title="AMR radiotelephone network (Czechoslovakia)">AMR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a> (1979)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS - N-AMPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Access_Communication_System" title="Total Access Communication System">TACS - ETACS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Mobile_Telephone" title="Nordic Mobile Telephone">NMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Netz" title="C-Netz">C-450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicap" title="Hicap">Hicap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobitex" title="Mobitex">Mobitex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DataTAC" title="DataTAC">DataTAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT1" title="CT1">CT1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> (1991)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/<a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data" title="Circuit Switched Data">CSD - HSCSD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project_2" title="3rd Generation Partnership Project 2">3GPP2</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne (IS-95)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_digital_packet_data" title="Cellular digital packet data">CDPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEN" title="IDEN">iDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellular" title="Personal Digital Cellular">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System" title="Personal Handy-phone System">PHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT2" title="CT2">CT2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2G#Evolution" title="2G">2G transitional<br />(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X_Advanced" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X Advanced</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiDEN" class="mw-redirect" title="WiDEN">WiDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_enhanced_cordless_telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications">DECT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> (1998)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT-2000" title="IMT-2000">IMT-2000</a> (2001)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="W-CDMA">UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Mobile_Multimedia_Access" title="Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access">FOMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-SCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-SCDMA">UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-CDMA">UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0</a> (TIA/IS-856)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3G#Evolution" title="3G">3G transitional<br />(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Downlink Packet Access">HSDPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Uplink Packet Access">HSUPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="Evolved High Speed Packet Access">HSPA+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC-HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="DC-HSDPA">DC-HSDPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CDMA2000 <a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">1xEV-DO Revision A</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision B</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">Mobile WiMAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing#FLASH-OFDM" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">Flash-OFDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.20" title="IEEE 802.20">iBurst (IEEE 802.20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HiperMAN" title="HiperMAN">HiperMAN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> (2009)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT_Advanced" title="IMT Advanced">IMT Advanced</a> (2013)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">LTE Advanced</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">LTE Advanced Pro</a> (4.5G/4.9G)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">IEEE family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> (<a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16m</a>) <ul><li>WiMax 2.1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> (2018)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT-2020" title="IMT-2020">IMT-2020</a> (2021)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR" title="5G NR">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="5G-Advanced">5G-Advanced</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NR-IIoT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NR-IIoT (page does not exist)">NR-IIoT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE-M" title="LTE-M">LTE-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrowband_IoT" title="Narrowband IoT">NB-IoT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DECT-5G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DECT-5G (page does not exist)">DECT-5G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Comparison of standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_access_method" title="Channel access method">Channel access methods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Frequency-division multiple access">FDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access">OFDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiple_access" title="Time-division multiple access">TDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-organized_time-division_multiple_access" title="Self-organized time-division multiple access">STDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_spectrum" title="Spread spectrum">SSMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">SDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_efficiency#Comparison_table" title="Spectral efficiency">Spectral efficiency comparison table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequency bands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_frequency_bands" title="GSM frequency bands">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMTS_frequency_bands" title="UMTS frequency bands">UMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_frequency_bands" title="LTE frequency bands">LTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR_frequency_bands" title="5G NR frequency bands">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA_frequency_bands" title="CDMA frequency bands">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">Mobile broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service" title="Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service">Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Mobile_Networks" title="Next Generation Mobile Networks">NGMN Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-to-talk" title="Push-to-talk">Push-to-talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem" title="IP Multimedia Subsystem">IMS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_LTE" title="Voice over LTE">VoLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_over_LTE" title="Video over LTE">ViLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_NR" title="Voice over NR">VoNR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_over_NR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Video over NR (page does not exist)">ViNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_Access_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic Access Network">Wi-Fi Calling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmocom" title="Osmocom">Osmocom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/28px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/42px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/56px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a>   <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/28px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/42px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/56px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&oldid=1254652724">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&oldid=1254652724</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:3GPP_standards" title="Category:3GPP standards">3GPP standards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ETSI" title="Category:ETSI">ETSI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Link_protocols" title="Category:Link protocols">Link protocols</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications-related_introductions_in_1997" title="Category:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1997">Telecommunications-related introductions in 1997</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_title" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing title">CS1 errors: missing title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bare_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: bare URL">CS1 errors: bare URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2016" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2016">Articles with dead external links from June 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2023">Use dmy dates from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_June_2018" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from June 2018">Vague or ambiguous time from June 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 November 2024, at 00:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Packet_Radio_Service&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-szrlp","wgBackendResponseTime":194,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.819","walltime":"0.997","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3109,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":127766,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4024,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":128086,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 860.576 1 -total"," 28.51% 245.376 2 Template:Reflist"," 15.81% 136.059 19 Template:Cite_web"," 14.80% 127.343 1 Template:List_of_mobile_phone_generations"," 14.27% 122.844 1 Template:Sidebar"," 11.71% 100.785 1 Template:Excerpt"," 11.38% 97.931 9 Template:Navbox"," 10.78% 92.753 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.94% 51.160 1 Template:Mobile_telecommunications_standards"," 5.94% 51.124 3 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.505","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6999262,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-kh2jk","timestamp":"20241122140603","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"General Packet Radio Service","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Packet_Radio_Service","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q79708","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q79708","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-12-06T02:55:06Z","dateModified":"2024-11-01T00:47:31Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b2\/SonyEricssonK310-GPRS-Wikipedia.jpg","headline":"packet oriented mobile data service on 2G and 3G"}</script> </body> </html>