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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lifespan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifespan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lifespan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lifespan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brachycephaly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brachycephaly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Brachycephaly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brachycephaly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies_and_legal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies_and_legal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Controversies and legal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies_and_legal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultural significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bulldog</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelse_bulldog" title="Engelse bulldog – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Engelse bulldog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%BA" title="بلدغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلدغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%97" title="বুলডগ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বুলডগ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldoqlar" title="Buldoqlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buldoqlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldog" title="Buldog – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Buldog" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Английски булдог – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Английски булдог" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog" title="Bulldog – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bulldog" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldog_angl%C3%A8s" title="Buldog anglès – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Buldog anglès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglick%C3%BD_buldok" title="Anglický buldok – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anglický buldok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci_Tarw" title="Ci Tarw – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ci Tarw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk_bulldog" title="Engelsk bulldog – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Engelsk bulldog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Bulldogge" title="Englische Bulldogge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Englische Bulldogge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglise_buldog" title="Inglise buldog – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inglise buldog" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Μπουλντόγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπουλντόγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog" title="Bulldog – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bulldog" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog" title="Bulldog – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bulldog" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF_(%D8%B3%DA%AF)" title="بولداگ (سگ) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بولداگ (سگ)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog_anglais" title="Bulldog anglais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bulldog anglais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullad%C3%B3ir" title="Bulladóir – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bulladóir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog" title="Bulldog – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bulldog" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EB%8F%84%EA%B7%B8" title="불도그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="불도그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%A3" title="Բրիտանական բուլդոգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրիտանական բուլդոգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97" title="बुलडॉग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बुलडॉग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldog" title="Buldog – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Buldog" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldogo" title="Buldogo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Buldogo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldog" title="Buldog – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buldog" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog" title="Bulldog – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bulldog" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enskur_bolab%C3%ADtur" title="Enskur bolabítur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Enskur bolabítur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog_inglese" title="Bulldog inglese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bulldog inglese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%92_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99" title="בולדוג אנגלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בולדוג אנגלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ინგლისური ბულდოგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინგლისური ბულდოგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Ағылшын бульдогы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағылшын бульдогы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Бульдог – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бульдог" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldogas" title="Buldogas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Buldogas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angol_buldog" title="Angol buldog – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Angol buldog" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Англиски булдог – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Англиски булдог" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC" title="بولدوج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بولدوج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldog_Inggeris" title="Buldog Inggeris – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Buldog Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelse_buldog" title="Engelse buldog – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engelse buldog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%97" title="बुल्डग – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बुल्डग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%83%E3%82%B0" title="ブルドッグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブルドッグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бардал – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бардал" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk_bulldog" title="Engelsk bulldog – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Engelsk bulldog" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk_bulldog" title="Engelsk bulldog – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Engelsk bulldog" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldog" title="Buldog – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buldog" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%88%D8%A7%DA%AF" title="بلڈاگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بلڈاگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldog_angielski" title="Buldog angielski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Buldog angielski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldogue" title="Buldogue – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Buldogue" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog_englez" title="Bulldog englez – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bulldog englez" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Английский бульдог – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Английский бульдог" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog" title="Bulldog – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bulldog" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Енглески булдог – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енглески булдог" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englanninbulldoggi" title="Englanninbulldoggi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Englanninbulldoggi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk_bulldogg" title="Engelsk bulldogg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Engelsk bulldogg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asong_simaron" title="Asong simaron – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asong simaron" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="บูลด็อก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บูลด็อก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%27%C3%A9n%C3%AAh%C3%B3tame" title="Ka'énêhótame – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ka'énêhótame" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buldog" title="Buldog – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buldog" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Англійський бульдог – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Англійський бульдог" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="گلڈانک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گلڈانک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3_b%C3%B2_Anh" title="Chó bò Anh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chó bò Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog" title="Bulldog – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bulldog" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%97%E7%89%9B%E7%8A%AC" title="斗牛犬 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斗牛犬" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E8%99%8E%E7%8B%97" title="老虎狗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="老虎狗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%97%E7%89%9B%E7%8A%AC" title="斗牛犬 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斗牛犬" data-language-autonym="中文" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British breed of dog</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the English Bulldog. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bulldog_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bulldog (disambiguation)">Bulldog (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/French_Bulldog" title="French Bulldog">French Bulldog</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Bulldog" title="American Bulldog">American Bulldog</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Old_English_Bulldog" title="Old English Bulldog">Old English Bulldog</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dog breed</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Bulldog</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulldog_inglese.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bulldog_inglese.jpg/220px-Bulldog_inglese.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bulldog_inglese.jpg/330px-Bulldog_inglese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Bulldog_inglese.jpg/440px-Bulldog_inglese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="769" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap">Other names</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">English Bulldog,<br />British Bulldog</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Traits</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Males</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 50–55 lb (23–25 kg)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Females</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 40–50 lb (18–23 kg)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> Brindle; solid white, red, fawn or yellow; piebald</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Kennel club standards</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/The_Kennel_Club" title="The Kennel Club">The Kennel Club</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/breed-standards/utility/bulldog/">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/149g02-en.pdf">standard</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Notes</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">National animal of United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color: #d3d3a4;"><span class="vernacular">Dog</span> (<span class="trinominal"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic dog">domestic dog</a></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bulldog</b> is a British <a href="/wiki/Dog_breed" title="Dog breed">breed</a> of dog of <a href="/wiki/Mastiff" title="Mastiff">mastiff</a> type. It may also be known as the <b>English Bulldog</b> or <b>British Bulldog</b>. It is a medium-sized, muscular dog of around 40–55 lb (18–25 kg). They have large heads with thick folds of skin around the face and shoulders and a relatively flat face with a protruding lower jaw. The breed has significant health issues as a consequence of breeding for its distinctive appearance, including <a href="/wiki/Brachycephalic_airway_obstructive_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome">brachycephaly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip_dysplasia_(canine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip dysplasia (canine)">hip dysplasia</a>, heat sensitivity, and skin infections. Due to concerns about their quality of life, breeding Bulldogs is illegal in Norway and the Netherlands. </p><p>The modern Bulldog was bred as a <a href="/wiki/Companion_dog" title="Companion dog">companion dog</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English_Bulldog" title="Old English Bulldog">Old English Bulldog</a>, a now-extinct breed used for <a href="/wiki/Bull-baiting" title="Bull-baiting">bull-baiting</a>, when the sport was outlawed in England under the Cruelty to Animals Act. The Bulldog Club (in England) was formed in 1878, and the Bulldog Club of America was formed in 1890. While often used as a symbol of ferocity and courage, modern Bulldogs are generally friendly, amiable dogs. Bulldogs are now commonly kept as pets; in 2013, the Bulldog was the 12th most frequently registered breed worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-skk_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skk-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_Reinagle_-_Bulldog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Philip_Reinagle_-_Bulldog.jpg/220px-Philip_Reinagle_-_Bulldog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Philip_Reinagle_-_Bulldog.jpg/330px-Philip_Reinagle_-_Bulldog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Philip_Reinagle_-_Bulldog.jpg/440px-Philip_Reinagle_-_Bulldog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Painting of a Bulldog from 1790 by English artist <a href="/wiki/Philip_Reinagle" title="Philip Reinagle">Philip Reinagle</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>The first reference to the word "Bulldog" is dated 1631 or 1632 in a letter by a man named Preswick Eaton where he writes: "procuer mee two good Bulldogs, and let them be sent by ye first shipp".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1666, English scientist <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Merret" title="Christopher Merret">Christopher Merret</a> applied: "Canis pugnax, <i>a Butchers Bull or Bear Dog</i>", as an entry in his <i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Merret#Bibliography" title="Christopher Merret">Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The designation "bull" was applied because of the dog's use in the sport of <a href="/wiki/Bull-baiting" title="Bull-baiting">bull-baiting</a>. This entailed the setting of dogs (after placing wagers on each dog) onto a tethered bull. The dog that grabbed the bull by the nose and pinned it to the ground would be the victor. It was common for a bull to maim or kill several dogs at such an event, either by goring, tossing, or trampling over them.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the centuries, dogs used for bull-baiting developed the stocky bodies and massive heads and jaws that typify the breed, as well as a ferocious and savage temperament.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bull-baiting was made illegal in England by the <a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_Animals_Act_1835" title="Cruelty to Animals Act 1835">Cruelty to Animals Act 1835</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the <a href="/wiki/Old_English_Bulldog" title="Old English Bulldog">Old English Bulldog</a> had outlived its usefulness in England as a sporting animal and its "working" days were numbered. However, emigrants did have a use for such dogs in the New World. In mid-17th century New York, Bulldogs were used as a part of a citywide roundup effort led by Governor <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nicolls" title="Richard Nicolls">Richard Nicolls</a>. Because cornering and leading wild bulls was dangerous, Bulldogs were trained to seize a bull by its nose long enough for a rope to be secured around its neck.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bulldogs as pets were continually promoted by dog dealer <a href="/wiki/Bill_George_(dog_dealer)" title="Bill George (dog dealer)">Bill George</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1864, a group of Bulldog breeders under R. S. Rockstro founded the first Bulldog Club. Three years after its opening the Club ceased to exist, not having organized a single show. The main achievement of the Rockstro Bulldog Club was a detailed description of the Bulldog, known as the Philo-Kuan Standard. Samuel Wickens, treasurer of the club, published this description in 1865 under the pseudonym Philo-Kuan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 4 April 1873, <a href="/wiki/The_Kennel_Club" title="The Kennel Club">The Kennel Club</a> was founded, the first dog breeding club dealing with the registration of purebred dogs and dog breeds.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (February 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Bulldogs were included in the first volume of the Kennel Club Stud Book, which was presented at the Birmingham Show on 1 December 1874. The first English Bulldog entered into the register was a male dog named Adam, born in 1864.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulldog_from_1915.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bulldog_from_1915.JPG/220px-Bulldog_from_1915.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Bulldog_from_1915.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>Bulldog from 1915</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1875, the third Bulldog Club was founded, which still exists today.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Members of this club met frequently at the Blue Post pub on <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Street" title="Oxford Street">Oxford Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. The founders of the club collected all available information about the breed and its best representatives and developed a new standard for the English Bulldog, which was published on 27 May 1875, the same year they held the first breed show. Since 1878, exhibitions of the club were held annually, except during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. On 17 May 1894, the Bulldog Club was granted the status of a corporation and since then has carried the official name "The Bulldog Club, Inc.". It is the oldest mono-breed dog kennel club in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Bulldog was officially recognised by the American Kennel Club in 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-Get_to_Know_the_Bulldog_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Get_to_Know_the_Bulldog-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1894, the two top Bulldogs, King Orry and Dock Leaf, competed in a contest to see which dog could walk 20 miles (32 km). King Orry was reminiscent of the original Bulldogs, lighter-boned and very athletic. Dock Leaf was a smaller and heavier set, more like modern Bulldogs. King Orry was declared the winner that year, finishing the 20-mile (32 km) walk while Dock Leaf collapsed and expired.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though today Bulldogs look tough, they cannot perform the job they were originally bred for, as they cannot withstand the rigours of running after and being thrown by a bull, and also cannot grip with such a short muzzle.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearance">Appearance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_English_Bulldog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Female_English_Bulldog.jpg/220px-Female_English_Bulldog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Female_English_Bulldog.jpg/330px-Female_English_Bulldog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Female_English_Bulldog.jpg/440px-Female_English_Bulldog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A 4-year-old Bulldog of Champion bloodlines, side view. Note the "rope" over the nose, and pronounced underbite</figcaption></figure> <p>Bulldogs have characteristically wide heads and shoulders along with a pronounced mandibular <a href="/wiki/Prognathism" title="Prognathism">prognathism</a>. There are generally thick folds of skin on the brow; round, black, wide-set eyes; a short muzzle with characteristic folds called a rope or nose roll above the nose; hanging skin under the neck; drooping lips and pointed teeth, and an underbite with an upturned jaw. The coat is short, flat, and sleek with colours of red, fawn, white, <a href="/wiki/Brindle" title="Brindle">brindle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Piebald" title="Piebald">piebald</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Get_to_Know_the_Bulldog_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Get_to_Know_the_Bulldog-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have short tails that can either hang down straight or be tucked in a coiled "corkscrew" into a tail pocket. </p><p>In the United Kingdom, the breed standards are 55 lb (25 kg) for a male and 50 lb (23 kg) for a female.<sup id="cite_ref-KC_breed_standard_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KC_breed_standard-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, the standard calls for a smaller dog — a typical mature male weighs 50 lb (23 kg), while mature females weigh about 40 lb (18 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temperament">Temperament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Temperament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clyde_The_Bulldog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Clyde_The_Bulldog.jpg/220px-Clyde_The_Bulldog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Clyde_The_Bulldog.jpg/330px-Clyde_The_Bulldog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Clyde_The_Bulldog.jpg/440px-Clyde_The_Bulldog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1551" /></a><figcaption>Six-month-old Bulldog puppy from <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">AKC</a> Champion bloodlines</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a> (AKC), a Bulldog's disposition should be "equable and kind, resolute, and courageous (not vicious or aggressive), and demeanour should be pacifist and dignified. These attributes should be countenanced by the expression and behaviour".<sup id="cite_ref-AKC_Bulldog_Page_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKC_Bulldog_Page-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bulldogs are known for getting along well with children, other dogs, and other pets.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lifespan">Lifespan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lifespan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2022 study in the UK of veterinary data found a life expectancy of 7.39 years, the second lowest of all breeds in the study.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 9.8 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for <a href="/wiki/Mongrel" title="Mongrel">crossbreeds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2004 UK survey found the leading cause of death of Bulldogs to be cardiac-related (20%), cancer (18%), and old age (9%).<sup id="cite_ref-kcsurvey_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kcsurvey-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brachycephaly">Brachycephaly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Brachycephaly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brachycephalie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three bulldog skulls. From left to right, the face becomes flatter, with a shorter snout and pronounced underbite and protruding jaw." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Brachycephalie.png/400px-Brachycephalie.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Brachycephalie.png/600px-Brachycephalie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Brachycephalie.png/800px-Brachycephalie.png 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>Evolution of brachycephalia in Bulldogs. Left to right, the skulls are from approximately the 1910s, 1960s, and 1980s.</figcaption></figure> <p>The shortened snout and pushed in face of the Bulldog is known as <a href="/wiki/Brachycephaly" title="Brachycephaly">brachycephaly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brachycephaly results in deformation of the upper airway tract and leads to obstruction of breathing.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Effects of brachycephaly are <a href="/wiki/Stridor" title="Stridor">stridor</a>, stertorous breathing, <a href="/wiki/Emesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Emesis">emesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skin_fold_dermatitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin fold dermatitis">skin fold dermatitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brachycephalic_airway_obstructive_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome">brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exophthalmos" title="Exophthalmos">exophthalmos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_reflex" title="Pharyngeal reflex">pharyngeal gag reflex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyanosis" title="Cyanosis">cyanosis</a>, and laryngeal collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other issues arising from brachycephaly are risk of complications whilst under anaesthesia,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">hyperthermia</a> — with the latter caused due to an inability to effectively reduce body temperature via panting.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many airlines ban the breed from flying in the cargo hold due to a high rate of deaths from air pressure interacting poorly with their breathing problems.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_conditions">Other conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Statistics from the <a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_Foundation_for_Animals" title="Orthopedic Foundation for Animals">Orthopedic Foundation for Animals</a> indicate that of the 467 Bulldogs tested between 1979 and 2009 (30 years), 73.9% were affected by <a href="/wiki/Hip_dysplasia_(canine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip dysplasia (canine)">hip dysplasia</a>, the highest amongst all breeds.<sup id="cite_ref-ofa_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ofa-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the breed has the worst score in the British Veterinary Association/Kennel Club Hip Dysplasia scoring scheme, although only 22 Bulldogs were tested in the scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study in England found the Bulldog to have a nearly three times greater risk of <a href="/wiki/Patellar_luxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Patellar luxation">patellar luxation</a>, with 2.9% of all Bulldogs having the condition.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 1963 UK study, 17% of Bulldogs surveyed had <a href="/wiki/Skin_fold_dermatitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin fold dermatitis">skin fold dermatitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The breed is also predisposed to <a href="/wiki/Atopic_dermatitis" title="Atopic dermatitis">atopic dermatitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study by the Royal Veterinary College found that Bulldogs are a much less healthy breed than average, with over twice the odds of being diagnosed with at least one of the common dog disorders investigated in the study.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over 80% of Bulldog litters are delivered by <a href="/wiki/Caesarean_section" title="Caesarean section">Caesarean section</a> because their characteristically large heads can become lodged in the mother's birth canal and to avoid potential breathing problems for the mother during labour.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A British study found <a href="/wiki/Demodicosis" title="Demodicosis">demodicosis</a> to be more prevalent in the Bulldog than other breeds. The overall prevalence was 1.5% in the breed compared to the 0.17% rate for all dogs. For dogs aged under 2 years, the prevalence was 3.6% compared to 0.48%.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bulldog is one of the two most commonly affected breeds for <a href="/wiki/Hiatal_hernia" title="Hiatal hernia">hiatal hernia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies_and_legal_status">Controversies and legal status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Controversies and legal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2009, after the BBC documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Pedigree_Dogs_Exposed" title="Pedigree Dogs Exposed">Pedigree Dogs Exposed</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_Kennel_Club" title="The Kennel Club">The Kennel Club</a> introduced revised breed standards for the British Bulldog, along with 209 other breeds, to address health concerns. Opposed by the British Bulldog Breed Council, it was speculated by the press that the changes would lead to a smaller head, fewer skin folds, a longer muzzle, and a taller thinner posture, to combat problems with respiration and breeding due to head size and width of shoulders.<sup id="cite_ref-Time14Jan09Bulldog_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time14Jan09Bulldog-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019 the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Kennel_Club" title="Dutch Kennel Club">Dutch Kennel Club</a> implemented some breeding rules to improve the health of the Bulldog. Among these is a fitness test where the dog has to walk 1 km (0.62 miles) in 12 minutes. Its temperature and heart rate have to recover after 15 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch government">Dutch government</a> forbade the breeding of dogs with a snout shorter than a third of the skull, including Bulldogs, a law that it began enforcing in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_District_Court" title="Oslo District Court">Oslo District Court</a> made a ruling that banned the breeding of Bulldogs in Norway due to their propensity for developing health problems. In its verdict the court judged that no dog of this breed could be considered healthy, therefore using them for breeding would be a violation of Norway's Animal Welfare Act.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cultural significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maud_Earl_%E2%80%94_What_we_have_we%27ll_hold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A painting of a bulldog standing on a British flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Maud_Earl_%E2%80%94_What_we_have_we%27ll_hold.jpg/220px-Maud_Earl_%E2%80%94_What_we_have_we%27ll_hold.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Maud_Earl_%E2%80%94_What_we_have_we%27ll_hold.jpg/330px-Maud_Earl_%E2%80%94_What_we_have_we%27ll_hold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Maud_Earl_%E2%80%94_What_we_have_we%27ll_hold.jpg/440px-Maud_Earl_%E2%80%94_What_we_have_we%27ll_hold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Bulldogs are a national symbol of British culture</figcaption></figure> <p>Bulldogs are often associated with determination, strength, and courage due to their historical occupation, though the modern-day dog is bred for appearance and friendliness and not suited for significant physical exertion. They are <a href="/wiki/List_of_bulldog_mascots" title="List of bulldog mascots">often used as mascots</a> by universities, sports teams, and other organizations. Some of the better-known Bulldog mascots include Georgetown's <a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Bulldog" title="Jack the Bulldog">Jack</a>, Butler's <a href="/wiki/Butler_Blue" title="Butler Blue">Blue IV</a>, Yale's <a href="/wiki/Handsome_Dan" title="Handsome Dan">Handsome Dan</a>, the University of Georgia's <a href="/wiki/Uga_(mascot)" title="Uga (mascot)">Uga</a>, Mississippi State's <a href="/wiki/Bully_(mascot)" title="Bully (mascot)">Bully</a>, and the United States Marine Corps' <a href="/wiki/Chesty_XV" title="Chesty XV">Chesty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bulldog originated in England and has a longstanding association with <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">British culture</a>; the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> wrote: "To many the Bulldog is a national icon, symbolising pluck and determination".<sup id="cite_ref-Icon_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Icon-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> was likened to a Bulldog for his defiance of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-National_symbol_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_symbol-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Dogs" title="Portal:Dogs">Dogs portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dog_breeds" title="List of dog breeds">List of dog breeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bulldog_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="British Bulldog (game)">British Bulldog (game)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulldog_type" title="Bulldog type">Bulldog type</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulldog&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilcox1999" class="citation book cs1">Wilcox, Charlotte (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bulldog00wilc/page/5"><i>The Bulldog</i></a></span>. Capstone Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bulldog00wilc/page/5">5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7368-0004-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7368-0004-4"><bdi>978-0-7368-0004-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bulldog&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Capstone+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7368-0004-4&rft.aulast=Wilcox&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbulldog00wilc%2Fpage%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skk-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-skk_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Svenska Kennelklubben] (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsletter15.dogdotcom.be/en/skk.aspx">Registration figures worldwide – from top thirty to endangered breeds</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323092044/http://newsletter15.dogdotcom.be/en/skk.aspx">Archived</a> 23 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>FCI Newsletter</i> 15. Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed March 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJesse,_George_R.1866" class="citation book cs1">Jesse, George R. (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7oo-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA306"><i>Researches into the history of the British Dog, from ancient laws, charters, and historical records: With original anecdotes, and illustrations of the nature and attributes of the dog, from the poets and prose writers of ancient, mediaeval, and modern times. With engravings designed and etched by the author</i></a>. Rob. Hardwicke. p. 306. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121213803/https://books.google.com/books?id=7oo-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA306">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Researches+into+the+history+of+the+British+Dog%2C+from+ancient+laws%2C+charters%2C+and+historical+records%3A+With+original+anecdotes%2C+and+illustrations+of+the+nature+and+attributes+of+the+dog%2C+from+the+poets+and+prose+writers+of+ancient%2C+mediaeval%2C+and+modern+times.+With+engravings+designed+and+etched+by+the+author&rft.pages=306&rft.pub=Rob.+Hardwicke&rft.date=1866&rft.au=Jesse%2C+George+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7oo-AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerret1666" class="citation book cs1">Merret, Christopher (1666). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7JC-IpBPhsoC&q=canis+pugnax&pg=PA169"><i>Pinax Rerum Naturalium Britannicarum, continens Vegetabilia, Animalia, et Fossilia</i></a>. p. 169. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121213803/https://books.google.com/books?id=7JC-IpBPhsoC&q=canis+pugnax&pg=PA169">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pinax+Rerum+Naturalium+Britannicarum%2C+continens+Vegetabilia%2C+Animalia%2C+et+Fossilia&rft.pages=169&rft.date=1666&rft.aulast=Merret&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7JC-IpBPhsoC%26q%3Dcanis%2Bpugnax%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nebkc.com/bulldog-origin-1">"Bulldog origin"</a>. <i>NEBKC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NEBKC&rft.atitle=Bulldog+origin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nebkc.com%2Fbulldog-origin-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nebkc.com/bulldog-origin-1">"Bulldog origin"</a>. <i>NEBKC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NEBKC&rft.atitle=Bulldog+origin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nebkc.com%2Fbulldog-origin-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurnutt2001" class="citation book cs1">Curnutt, Jordan (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2p0MptGeBkC"><i>Animals and the Law: A Sourcebook</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-147-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-147-2"><bdi>978-1-57607-147-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121213803/https://books.google.com/books?id=p2p0MptGeBkC">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animals+and+the+Law%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-147-2&rft.aulast=Curnutt&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2p0MptGeBkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellis, Edward Robb (2005). The Epic of New York City – A Narrative History. Basic Books, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-1436-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-1436-0">978-0-7867-1436-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oliff, D. B. (1988) <i>The Mastiff and Bullmastiff Handbook</i>, The Boswell Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85115-485-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85115-485-9">0-85115-485-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bulldoginformation.com/standardorigin.html">"The Origin of the English Bulldog Standard"</a>. <i>Bulldog Information</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040312110236/http://bulldoginformation.com:80/standardorigin.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bulldog+Information&rft.atitle=The+Origin+of+the+English+Bulldog+Standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bulldoginformation.com%2Fstandardorigin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/about-us/about-the-kennel-club/history-of-the-kennel-club/">"History of the Kennel Club"</a>. <i>The Kennel Club</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200918110844/https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/about-us/about-the-kennel-club/history-of-the-kennel-club/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Kennel+Club&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Kennel+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thekennelclub.org.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fabout-the-kennel-club%2Fhistory-of-the-kennel-club%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bulldoginformation.com/english-bulldog-history.html">"History of the English Bulldog"</a>. <i>Bulldog Information</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051029080137/http://www.bulldoginformation.com:80/english-bulldog-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bulldog+Information&rft.atitle=History+of+the+English+Bulldog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bulldoginformation.com%2Fenglish-bulldog-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bulldogclubdobrasil.com/english/bulldog.asp">"Origins of the English Bulldog"</a>. <i>Bulldog Club do Brasil</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020112205717/http://www.bulldogclubdobrasil.com:80/english/bulldog.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bulldog+Club+do+Brasil&rft.atitle=Origins+of+the+English+Bulldog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bulldogclubdobrasil.com%2Fenglish%2Fbulldog.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bulldoginformation.com/first-bulldog-breed-clubs.html">"The first Bulldog breed Clubs and first Bulldog Champions"</a>. <i>Bulldog Information</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060104144040/http://www.bulldoginformation.com:80/first-bulldog-breed-clubs.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bulldog+Information&rft.atitle=The+first+Bulldog+breed+Clubs+and+first+Bulldog+Champions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bulldoginformation.com%2Ffirst-bulldog-breed-clubs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Get_to_Know_the_Bulldog-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Get_to_Know_the_Bulldog_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Get_to_Know_the_Bulldog_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/bulldog/#standard">"Get to Know the Bulldog"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222002618/http://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/bulldog/#standard">Archived</a> 22 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 'The American Kennel Club'. Retrieved 29 May 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The sun., 11 September 1894, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1894-09-11/ed-1/seq-4/;words=orry+Dock+Orry+Leaf">Page 4, Image 4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120904091923/http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1894-09-11/ed-1/seq-4/;words=orry+Dock+Orry+Leaf">Archived</a> 4 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson1996" class="citation journal cs1">Thomson, K.S. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omnilogos.com/fall-and-rise-of-english-bulldog/">"The Fall and Rise of the English Bulldog"</a>. <i>American Scientist</i>. <b>84</b> (3): 220. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996AmSci..84..220T">1996AmSci..84..220T</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121213819/https://essentials.ebsco.com/search/eds/details/the-fall-and-rise-of-the-english-bulldog?query=%22The%20fall%20and%20rise%20of%20the%20English%20bulldog%22&requestCount=2&db=asx&an=8949157">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Scientist&rft.atitle=The+Fall+and+Rise+of+the+English+Bulldog&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=220&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996AmSci..84..220T&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=K.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomnilogos.com%2Ffall-and-rise-of-english-bulldog%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KC_breed_standard-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KC_breed_standard_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/services/public/breed/standard.aspx?id=4084">"Bulldog breed standard"</a>. The Kennel Club. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200823105128/https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/services/public/breed/standard.aspx?id=4084">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Breeding+ban+for+bulldogs+and+cavaliers+in+Norway&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20220222-breeding-ban-for-bulldogs-and-cavaliers-in-norway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Denizet-Lewis, Benoit (22 November 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/magazine/can-the-bulldog-be-saved.html">Can the Bulldog be Saved?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210313195349/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/magazine/can-the-bulldog-be-saved.html">Archived</a> 13 March 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke2018" class="citation web cs1">Burke, Anna (25 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/news/marine-corps-bulldog-chesty/">"The Legacy of Chesty: How a Bulldog Became the United States Marine Corps Mascot"</a>. <i>American Kennel Club</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118230714/https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/news/marine-corps-bulldog-chesty/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Kennel+Club&rft.atitle=The+Legacy+of+Chesty%3A+How+a+Bulldog+Became+the+United+States+Marine+Corps+Mascot&rft.date=2018-05-25&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fexpert-advice%2Fnews%2Fmarine-corps-bulldog-chesty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Icon-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Icon_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-36916431">"English Bulldog health problems prompt cross-breeding call"</a>. BBC. 12 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108171111/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-36916431">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=English+Bulldog+health+problems+prompt+cross-breeding+call&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-36916431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABulldog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_symbol-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-National_symbol_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, Steve (2001). Picturing the Beast. 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Kingdom</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hound" title="Hound">Hounds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beagle" title="Beagle">Beagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodhound" title="Bloodhound">Bloodhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Foxhound" title="English Foxhound">English Foxhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyhound" title="Greyhound">Greyhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrier_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrier (dog)">Harrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otterhound" title="Otterhound">Otterhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Deerhound" title="Scottish Deerhound">Scottish Deerhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Hound" title="Welsh Hound">Welsh Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Country_Harrier" title="West Country Harrier">West Country Harrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whippet" title="Whippet">Whippet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gun_dog" title="Gun dog">Gun dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clumber_Spaniel" title="Clumber Spaniel">Clumber Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curly_Coated_Retriever" class="mw-redirect" title="Curly Coated Retriever">Curly-Coated Retriever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Cocker_Spaniel" title="English Cocker Spaniel">English Cocker Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Setter" title="English Setter">English Setter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Springer_Spaniel" title="English Springer Spaniel">English Springer Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_Spaniel" title="Field Spaniel">Field Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-Coated_Retriever" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat-Coated Retriever">Flat-Coated Retriever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Retriever" title="Golden Retriever">Golden Retriever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Setter" title="Gordon Setter">Gordon Setter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_Retriever" title="Labrador Retriever">Labrador Retriever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointer_(dog_breed)" title="Pointer (dog breed)">Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sussex_Spaniel" title="Sussex Spaniel">Sussex Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Springer_Spaniel" title="Welsh Springer Spaniel">Welsh Springer Spaniel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terrier" title="Terrier">Terriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Workingbreeds" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Working_terrier" title="Working terrier">Working</a><br />breeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airedale_Terrier" title="Airedale Terrier">Airedale Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedlington_Terrier" title="Bedlington Terrier">Bedlington Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Terrier" title="Border Terrier">Border Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn_Terrier" title="Cairn Terrier">Cairn Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandie_Dinmont_Terrier" title="Dandie Dinmont Terrier">Dandie Dinmont Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Russell_Terrier" title="Jack Russell Terrier">Jack Russell Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeland_Terrier" title="Lakeland Terrier">Lakeland Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Terrier" title="Manchester Terrier">Manchester Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Terrier" title="Norfolk Terrier">Norfolk Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_Terrier" title="Norwich Terrier">Norwich Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parson_Russell_Terrier" title="Parson Russell Terrier">Parson Russell Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterdale_Terrier" title="Patterdale Terrier">Patterdale Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plummer_Terrier" title="Plummer Terrier">Plummer Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Terrier" title="Scottish Terrier">Scottish Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealyham_Terrier" title="Sealyham Terrier">Sealyham Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skye_Terrier" title="Skye Terrier">Skye Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Fox_Terrier" title="Smooth Fox Terrier">Smooth Fox Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_Lucas_Terrier" title="Sporting Lucas Terrier">Sporting Lucas Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Terrier" title="Welsh Terrier">Welsh Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Highland_White_Terrier" title="West Highland White Terrier">West Highland White Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_Fox_Terrier" title="Wire Fox Terrier">Wire Fox Terrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Toy breeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Toy_Terrier_(Black_%26_Tan)" title="English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)">English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Terrier" title="Yorkshire Terrier">Yorkshire Terrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Bull types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bull_and_terrier" title="Bull and terrier">Bull and terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Terrier" title="Bull Terrier">Bull Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_Bull_Terrier" title="Miniature Bull Terrier">Miniature Bull Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Bull_Terrier" title="Staffordshire Bull Terrier">Staffordshire Bull Terrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">Herding dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_Collie" title="Bearded Collie">Bearded Collie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Collie" title="Border Collie">Border Collie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_Welsh_Corgi" title="Cardigan Welsh Corgi">Cardigan Welsh Corgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Heeler" title="Lancashire Heeler">Lancashire Heeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_Sheepdog" title="Old English Sheepdog">Old English Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_Welsh_Corgi" title="Pembroke Welsh Corgi">Pembroke Welsh Corgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Collie" title="Rough Collie">Rough Collie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland_Sheepdog" title="Shetland Sheepdog">Shetland Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield_(dog)" title="Smithfield (dog)">Smithfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Collie" title="Smooth Collie">Smooth Collie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Sheepdog" title="Welsh Sheepdog">Welsh Sheepdog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullmastiff" title="Bullmastiff">Bullmastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_King_Charles_Spaniel" title="Cavalier King Charles Spaniel">Cavalier King Charles Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Mastiff" title="English Mastiff">English Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_Spaniel" title="King Charles Spaniel">King Charles Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Inuit_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Inuit Dog">Northern Inuit Dog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_and_Tan_Terrier" title="Black and Tan Terrier">Black and Tan Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Paul_Terrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Paul Terrier">Blue Paul Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckhound" title="Buckhound">Buckhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Sheepdog" title="Cumberland Sheepdog">Cumberland Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cur" title="Cur">Cur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumfriesshire_hound" title="Dumfriesshire hound">Dumfriesshire Black and Tan Foxhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Water_Spaniel" title="English Water Spaniel">English Water Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_White_Terrier" title="English White Terrier">English White Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Spaniel" title="Norfolk Spaniel">Norfolk Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Beagle" title="North Country Beagle">North Country Beagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_Bulldog" title="Old English Bulldog">Old English Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Welsh_Grey_Sheepdog" title="Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog">Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_Terrier" title="Paisley Terrier">Paisley Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Hound" title="Southern Hound">Southern Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleuth_hound" title="Sleuth hound">Sleuth hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staghound" title="Staghound">Staghound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talbot (dog)">Talbot Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Bulldog" title="Toy Bulldog">Toy Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Trawler_Spaniel" title="Toy Trawler Spaniel">Toy Trawler Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnspit_dog" title="Turnspit dog">Turnspit dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweed_Water_Spaniel" title="Tweed Water Spaniel">Tweed Water Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Hillman" title="Welsh Hillman">Welsh Hillman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><div> <dl><dd><b>Types:</b> <a href="/wiki/Collie" title="Collie">Collies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fell_Terrier" title="Fell Terrier">Fell Terriers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fox_Terrier" title="Fox Terrier">Fox Terriers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longdog" title="Longdog">Longdogs</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lurcher" title="Lurcher">Lurchers</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mastiffs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mastiffs" title="Template:Mastiffs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mastiffs" title="Template talk:Mastiffs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mastiffs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mastiffs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mastiffs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mastiff" title="Mastiff">Mastiffs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Extant breeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alano_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Alano Español">Alano Español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alapaha_Blue_Blood_Bulldog" title="Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog">Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Bulldog" title="American Bulldog">American Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boerboel" title="Boerboel">Boerboel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxer (dog)">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broholmer" title="Broholmer">Broholmer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullmastiff" title="Bullmastiff">Bullmastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bully_Kutta" title="Bully Kutta">Bully Kutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campeiro_Bulldog" title="Campeiro Bulldog">Campeiro Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_Corso" title="Cane Corso">Cane Corso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A3o_Fila_de_S%C3%A3o_Miguel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cão Fila de São Miguel">Cão Fila de São Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_dog" title="Chongqing dog">Chongqing dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimarr%C3%B3n_Uruguayo" title="Cimarrón Uruguayo">Cimarrón Uruguayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_bulldog" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental bulldog">Continental Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogo_Argentino" title="Dogo Argentino">Dogo Argentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogue_Brasileiro" title="Dogue Brasileiro">Dogue Brasileiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogue_de_Bordeaux" title="Dogue de Bordeaux">Dogue de Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Mastiff" title="English Mastiff">English Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fila_Brasileiro" title="Fila Brasileiro">Fila Brasileiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Bulldog" title="French Bulldog">French Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dane" title="Great Dane">Great Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Mastiff" title="Kurdish Mastiff">Kurdish Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Mastiff" title="Neapolitan Mastiff">Neapolitan Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olde_English_Bulldogge" title="Olde English Bulldogge">Olde English Bulldogge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca_de_Bou" title="Ca de Bou">Perro de Presa Mallorquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presa_Canario" title="Presa Canario">Presa Canario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweiler" title="Rottweiler">Rottweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Louis_Vincent_Mastiff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Louis Vincent Mastiff (page does not exist)">Saint Louis Vincent Mastiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrano_Bulldog" title="Serrano Bulldog">Serrano Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosa_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tosa (dog)">Tosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Extinct breeds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaunt" title="Alaunt">Alaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullenbeisser" title="Bullenbeisser">Bullenbeisser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba_fighting_dog" title="Córdoba fighting dog">Córdoba fighting dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogo_Cubano" title="Dogo Cubano">Dogo Cubano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terceira_Mastiff" title="Terceira Mastiff">Fila da Terceira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molossus_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Molossus (dog)">Molossus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_Bulldog" title="Old English Bulldog">Old English Bulldog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Bulldog" title="Toy Bulldog">Toy Bulldog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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