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title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>. The word now generally denotes strict <a href="/wiki/Religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious">religious</a> <a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">discipline</a> and opposition to <a href="/wiki/Social" class="mw-redirect" title="Social">social</a> <a href="/wiki/Pleasures" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleasures">pleasures</a>. </p> <table role="presentation" class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent; font-style: italic;"><tbody><tr> <td class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/21px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/32px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/43px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></td> <td>This <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity-related</a> article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote:Stub" title="Wikiquote:Stub">stub</a>. You can help out with Wikiquote by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Puritanism&action=edit">expanding</a> it!</td> </tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotes">Quotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puritanism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Quotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_dyer_being_led.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mary_dyer_being_led.jpg/220px-Mary_dyer_being_led.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mary_dyer_being_led.jpg/330px-Mary_dyer_being_led.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mary_dyer_being_led.jpg/440px-Mary_dyer_being_led.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>The much-ballyhooed arrival of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrims&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pilgrims (page does not exist)">Pilgrims</a> and Puritans in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> in the early 1600s was indeed a response to persecution that these <a href="/wiki/Religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious">religious</a> dissenters had experienced in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. But the Puritan fathers of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" class="extiw" title="w:Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> did not countenance tolerance of opposing religious views. Their “city upon a hill” was a <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a> that brooked no <a href="/wiki/Dissent" title="Dissent">dissent</a>, religious or <a href="/wiki/Political" class="mw-redirect" title="Political">political</a>. ~ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_C._Davis" class="extiw" title="w:Kenneth C. Davis">Kenneth C. Davis</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Puritan_by_Augustus_Saint-Gaudens_-_Springfield,_Massachusetts_-_DSC02513.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Puritan_by_Augustus_Saint-Gaudens_-_Springfield%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC02513.JPG/220px-The_Puritan_by_Augustus_Saint-Gaudens_-_Springfield%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC02513.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Puritan_by_Augustus_Saint-Gaudens_-_Springfield%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC02513.JPG/330px-The_Puritan_by_Augustus_Saint-Gaudens_-_Springfield%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC02513.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/The_Puritan_by_Augustus_Saint-Gaudens_-_Springfield%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC02513.JPG/440px-The_Puritan_by_Augustus_Saint-Gaudens_-_Springfield%2C_Massachusetts_-_DSC02513.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2847" data-file-height="4169" /></a><figcaption>It is the night-black <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="w:Massachusetts">w:Massachusetts</a> legendry which packs the really macabre 'kick', Here is the material for a really profound study in group neuroticism; for certainly, no one can deny the existence of a profoundly morbid streak in the Puritan imagination....~ <a href="/wiki/H.P._Lovecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="H.P. Lovecraft">H.P. Lovecraft</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The Puritans in England were basically <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinist" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Calvinist">Calvinist</a> in theology and obsessed with getting certainty about their salvation. Theologically, the Calvinists think we’re all doomed from the start except for a tiny number of people who are saved. The critical issue, then, is you’re all desperate to know whether you’re saved, and the Puritan said the only way to tell is if you are working really, really hard because that shows that God has graced you and that you really have faith. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_S._Anderson" title="Elizabeth S. Anderson">Elizabeth S. Anderson</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/the-gray-area/24034358/gray-area-work-labor-miserable-protestant-ethic">Why work is so miserable in America: The Protestant work ethic hijacked America. It’s time for a new pro-worker ethos.</a>" <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_(website)" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Vox (website)">Vox</a></i> (February 11, 2024)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>A puritan is such a monstrous thing<br />that loves <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a> and hates the <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">king</a>...<br />A Puritan is he whose heart is bent<br />to cross the king's designs in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_England" class="extiw" title="w:Parliament of England">Parliament</a>.<br />Where whilst the place of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_Burges" class="extiw" title="w:Cornelius Burges">Burgess</a> he doth bear<br />He thinks he owes but small allegiance there...<br />So that with his wit and valour he doth trye,<br />How the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_prerogative_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="w:Royal prerogative in the United Kingdom">prerogative</a> he may deny. <ul><li>Anonymous rhymester (<i>c</i>. 1630s), quoted in Charles Carlton, <i>Archbishop William Laud</i> (1987), p. 121</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Like the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_right" class="extiw" title="w:Religious right">Religious right</a> in the twenty-first century, the Puritans of the seventeenth century detested the idea of <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">separating church and state</a> almost as much as they abhorred the notion of <a href="/wiki/Toleration" class="mw-redirect" title="Toleration">toleration</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> and others paid with their lives for challenging a political order that had wrapped itself in religious authority. <ul><li>Randall Herbert Balmer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Thy_Kingdom_Come/vlzhyEqbqa8C?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover">“Thy Kingdom Come”</a>, p.33</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>An even greater contribution to the American population, in sheer numbers, began with the Puritans, who believed in purifying the established church, a decade after the voyage of the Mayflower. In 1630, seventeen ships left England for America. The most famous of these was the Arabella, on which the Puritan leader John Winthrop sailed. Mainly stemming from the area of East Anglia in England, the Puritans left during a time when Archbishop William Laud was attempting to eliminate Puritan influences from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England" class="extiw" title="w:Church of England">Church of England</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Charles_I" class="extiw" title="w:King Charles I">King Charles I</a> was attempting to rule without calling Parliament into session. The decade of the 1630’s, leading up to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="w:English Civil War">English Civil War</a> (1642-1651), was a time of economic depression, as well as a period in which the Puritans were out of favor in the English church and state. <ul><li>Carl L. Bankston III, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://immigrationtounitedstates.org/548-history-of-immigration-1620-1783.html">”History of immigration, 1620-1783”</a>, (11-01-2012)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The years 1630 to 1640 are known as the Great Migration. The largely Puritan immigrants from England settled in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, north of the settlement at Plymouth Bay, in a stretch of land known as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" class="extiw" title="w:Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>. The major centers of the new colony were the eastern coastal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="w:Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> towns of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="w:Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a>. During the Great Migration, an estimated two hundred ships reportedly carrying approximately 20,000 people arrived in Massachusetts. Although migration to New England dropped dramatically after the Great Migration, the descendants of the people who entered Massachusetts in those years settled much of the northeastern region of the United States and later spread westward throughout the country. <ul><li>Carl L. Bankston III, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://immigrationtounitedstates.org/548-history-of-immigration-1620-1783.html">”History of immigration, 1620-1783”</a>, (11-01-2012)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>In the South, the tiny <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_colony" class="extiw" title="w:Virginia colony">Virginia colony</a> that had barely maintained its existence during the years that Massachusetts became a center of European settlement began to expand rapidly just as the Great Migration ended in the North. In 1642, only 8,000 colonists lived in Virginia. At the beginning of that year, Sir William Berkeley became governor of Virginia, a post he would hold until 1676. Berkeley began a campaign to draw some of England’s elite to <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>. This campaign was assisted by the rise of the Puritans to power and the execution of King Charles I in 1649. Many of the future leaders that Virginia provided to the United States and to the Confederacy were descendants of these aristocratic immigrants. <ul><li>Carl L. Bankston III, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://immigrationtounitedstates.org/548-history-of-immigration-1620-1783.html">”History of immigration, 1620-1783”</a>, (11-01-2012)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The fact is, there were all kinds of Puritans. There were dismal precisians, like William Prynne, illiberal and vulgar fanatics, the Tribulation Wholesomes, Hope-on-high Bombys, and Zeal-of-the-land Busys, whose absurdities were the stock in trade of contemporary satirists from Johnson to Butler. But there were also gentlemen and scholars, like Fairfax, Marvell, Colonel Hutchinson, Vane, whose Puritanism was consistent with all elegant tastes and accomplishments. Was Milton’s Puritanism hurtful to his art? No and yes. It was in many ways an inspiration; it gave him zeal, a Puritan word much ridiculed by the Royalists; it gave refinement, distinction, selectness, elevation to his picture of the world. But it would be uncritical to deny that it also gave a certain narrowness and rigidity to his view of human life. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_A._Beers" class="extiw" title="w:Henry A. Beers">Henry A. Beers</a>, "Milton’s Tercentenary", in <i>The Connecticut Wits and Other Essays</i> (1920), p. 230</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Their Doctrines of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predestination" class="extiw" title="w:Predestination">Predestination</a> is the root of Puritanism, and Puritanism is the root of all Rebellions, and disobedient untractableness in Parliaments, &c. and of all Schism and sawciness in the Countrey, nay in the Church it self; making many thousands of our People, and too great a part of the Gentlemen of the Land very <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Leighton" class="extiw" title="w:Alexander Leighton">Leightons</a> in their hearts; which Leighton had published not long before, a most pestilent and seditious Book against the Bishops, called <i>Sions Plea</i>, in which he excited the People to strike the Bishops under the fifth rib, reviling the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrietta_Maria" class="extiw" title="w:Henrietta Maria">Queen</a> by the name of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children_of_Heth" class="extiw" title="w:Children of Heth">Daughter of Heth</a>; and for the same was after censured in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Chamber" class="extiw" title="w:Star Chamber">Star-Chamber</a> to Pillory, loss of Ears, &c. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Brooke" class="extiw" title="w:Samuel Brooke">Samuel Brooke</a> to <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a> (15 December 1630), quoted in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Heylyn" class="extiw" title="w:Peter Heylyn">Peter Heylyn</a>, <i>The Historical and Miscellaneous Tracts</i> (1681), p. 539</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The much-ballyhooed arrival of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilgrims&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pilgrims (page does not exist)">Pilgrims</a> and Puritans in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> in the early 1600s was indeed a response to persecution that these <a href="/wiki/Religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious">religious</a> dissenters had experienced in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. But the Puritan fathers of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" class="extiw" title="w:Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> did not countenance tolerance of opposing religious views. Their “city upon a hill” was a <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a> that brooked no <a href="/wiki/Dissent" title="Dissent">dissent</a>, religious or <a href="/wiki/Political" class="mw-redirect" title="Political">political</a>. <br /> The most famous dissidents within the Puritan community, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Williams" class="extiw" title="w:Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hutchenson" class="extiw" title="w:Anne Hutchenson">Anne Hutchinson</a>, were banished following disagreements over <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Policy" title="Policy">policy</a>. From Puritan <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>’s earliest days, <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> (“Papists”) were anathema and were banned from the colonies, along with other non-Puritans. Four <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> were hanged in Boston between 1659 and 1661 for persistently returning to the city to stand up for their beliefs. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_C._Davis" class="extiw" title="w:Kenneth C. Davis">Kenneth C. Davis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/americas-true-history-of-religious-tolerance-61312684/">“America’s True History of Religious Tolerance“</a>, <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>, (October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/americas-true-history-of-religious-tolerance-61312684/">“America’s True History of Religious Tolerance“</a>, <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>, (October 2010 ).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Puritanism and paganism — the repression and the expression of the senses and desires — alternate in mutual reaction in history. Generally religion and puritanism prevail in periods when the laws are feeble and morals must bear the burden of maintaining social order; skepticism and paganism (other factors being equal) progress as the rising power of law and governments permits the decline of the church, the family, and morality without basically endangering the stability of the state. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Will_Durant" title="Will Durant">Will Durant</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_Durant" class="extiw" title="w:Ariel Durant">Ariel Durant</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lessons_of_History" class="extiw" title="w:The Lessons of History">The Lessons of History</a></i> (1968)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The Puritans in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> were not immediately presented with an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_American&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indigenous American (page does not exist)">Indian</a> problem, for diseases introduced earlier by trading ships along the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast" class="extiw" title="w:Coast">coast</a> had badly decimated the Indian population. Yet when the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequot_people" class="extiw" title="w:Pequot people">Pequots</a> resisted the migration of settlers into the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Valley" class="extiw" title="w:Connecticut Valley">Connecticut Valley</a> in 1637, a party of Puritans surrounded the Pequot village and set fire to it. About five hundred Indians were burned to death or shot while trying to escape; the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_people" class="extiw" title="w:White people">Whites</a> devoutly offered up thanks to <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> that they had lost only two men. The <a href="/wiki/Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Woods">woods</a> were then combed for any Pequots who had managed to survive, and these were sold into <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Mather" title="Cotton Mather">Cotton Mather</a> was grateful to the Lord that "on this day we have sent six hundred heathen <a href="/wiki/Souls" class="mw-redirect" title="Souls">souls</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">hell</a>." <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Farb" title="Peter Farb">Peter Farb</a>, <i>Man's Rise to Civilization</i> (1968)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The absolute devotion of the Puritan to a Supreme Will tended more and more to rob him of all sense of measure and proportion in common matters. Little things became great things in the glare of religious zeal; and the godly man learnt to shrink from a surplice, or a mince-pie at Christmas, as he shrank from impurity or a lie. Life became hard, rigid, colourless, as it became intense. The play, the geniality, the delight of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethan_age" class="extiw" title="w:Elizabethan age">Elizabethan age</a> were exchanged for a measured sobriety, seriousness, and self-restraint. But it was a self-restraint and sobriety which limited itself wholly to the outer life. In the inner soul of the Puritan, sense, reason, judgment were overborne by the terrible reality of "invisible things." <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Richard_Green" title="John Richard Green">John Richard Green</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Short_History_of_the_English_People" class="extiw" title="w:A Short History of the English People">A Short History of the English People</a></i> (1874), p. 453</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The Puritans who came to America accepted and validated <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual intercourse">sexual intercourse</a>. Grounding their theology in the science of their day, Puritan ministers insisted on the duty and pleasure of sexual union in marriage. Yet like other Protestants, Puritans worried about sexual excess. <ul><li>Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Attitudes_toward_Sex_in_Antebellum_Ameri/m1p1DwAAQBAJ?hl=en">“Attitudes toward Sex in Antebellum America: A Brief History With Documents”</a>, “Voices In The Public Deliberation of Sex: The Four Frameworks”</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>If anyone among Christians could lay persuasive claim to being a "people of the book," it would surely be the English Puritans. While <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicans</a> in general subscribed to Article Six of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" class="extiw" title="w:Thirty-nine Articles">Thirty-nine Articles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Established Church</a>, the Puritans followed <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> in believing that <a href="/wiki/The_Bible" title="The Bible">the Bible</a> was singularly authoritative not only for matters of doctrine, but also for patterns of acceptable worship and church government — a clear point of division between themselves and other Anglicans as well as <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a>. Friend and foe alike observed that "the speech of the Bible was the Puritans' native tongue." Their "language of Canaan," as the Puritans themselves would come to call it, characterized not only the sermons, spiritual tracts, and theological texts of Puritan divines such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hooker" class="extiw" title="w:Thomas Hooker">Thomas Hooker</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Owen_(theologian)" class="extiw" title="w:John Owen (theologian)">John Owen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Baxter" title="Richard Baxter">Richard Baxter</a>, and the political speeches of <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, but flavored as well the diction of Puritan poets as diverse as <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bunyan" title="John Bunyan">John Bunyan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lyle_Jeffrey" class="extiw" title="w:David Lyle Jeffrey">David Lyle Jeffrey</a>, <i>People of the Book: Christian Identity and Literary Culture</i> (1996), p. 266</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>A barn with them is as good as a church; and no church holy with them, but that which is slovenly even to nastiness; but then 'tis void of all superstition. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a>, <i>The Answer of the Most Reverend Father in God, William, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, to the Speech of the Lord Say and Seal, Touching the Liturgy</i> (c. 1641), quoted in <i>The Works of the Most Reverend Father in God, William Laud, sometime Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. Volume VI—Part I. Miscellaneous Papers.—Letters</i> (1857), p. 107</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>It is the night-black Massachusetts legendry which packs the really macabre 'kick', Here is the material for a really profound study in group neuroticism; for certainly, no one can deny the existence of a profoundly morbid streak in the Puritan imagination....The very pre-ponderance of passionately pious men in the colony was virtually an assurance of unnatural crime; insomuch as psychology now proves the religious instinct to be a form of transmuted eroticism precisely parallel to the transmutations in other directions which respectively produce such things as sadism, hallucination, melancholia, and other mental morbidities. Bunch together a group of people deliberately chosen for strong religious feelings, and you have a practical guarantee of dark morbidities expressed in crime, perversion, and insanity. This was aggravated, of course, by the Puritan policy of rigorously suppressing all the natural outlets of excuberant feeling--music, laughter, colour, pageantry, and so on. To observe Christmas Day was once a prison offence.... <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">H. P. Lovecraft</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rVERL_j9UfcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:0809515679&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-beOVeGqHsi_ggT1vqKgCw&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=insanity&f=true">letter to Robert E. Howard, (October 4, 1930)</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The persecution which the separatists had undergone had been severe enough to irritate, but not severe enough to destroy. They had been, not tamed into submission, but baited into savageness and stubbornness. After the fashion of oppressed sects, they mistook their own vindictive feelings for emotions of piety, encouraged in themselves by reading and meditation a disposition to brood over their wrongs, and, when they had worked themselves up into hating their enemies, imagined that they were only hating the enemies of heaven. In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> there was little indeed which, even when perverted by the most disingenuous exposition, could seem to countenance the indulgence of malevolent passions. But the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> contained the history of a race selected by God to be witnesses of his unity and ministers of his vengeance, and specially commanded by him to do many things which, if done without his special command, would have been atrocious crimes. In such a history it was not difficult for fierce and gloomy spirits to find much that might be distorted to suit their wishes. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Thomas Macaulay</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of_England_from_the_Accession_of_James_the_Second" class="extiw" title="w:The History of England from the Accession of James the Second">The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Volume I</a></i>, ed. C. H. Firth (1913), pp. 68-70</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The extreme Puritans therefore began to feel for the Old Testament a preference, which, perhaps, they did not distinctly avow even to themselves; but which showed itself in all their sentiments and habits. They paid to the Hebrew language a respect which they refused to that tongue in which the discourses of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> and the epistles of <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul</a> have come down to us. They baptized their children by the names, not of Christian saints, but of Hebrew patriarchs and warriors. In defiance of the express and reiterated declarations of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a>, they turned the weekly festival by which the Church had, from the primitive times, commemorated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" class="extiw" title="w:Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection of her Lord</a>, into a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbat" class="extiw" title="w:Shabbat">Jewish Sabbath</a>. They sought for principles of jurisprudence in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Moses" class="extiw" title="w:Law of Moses">Mosaic law</a>, and for precedents to guide their ordinary conduct in the books of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Judges" class="extiw" title="w:Book of Judges">Judges</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Kings" class="extiw" title="w:Books of Kings">Kings</a>. Their thoughts and discourse ran much on acts which were assuredly not recorded as examples for our imitation. The prophet who hewed in pieces a captive king, the rebel general who gave the blood of a queen to the dogs, the matron who, in defiance of plighted faith, and of the laws of eastern hospitality, drove the nail into the brain of the fugitive ally who had just fed at her board, and who was sleeping under the shadow of her tent, were proposed as models to Christians suffering under the tyranny of princes and prelates. Morals and manners were subjected to a code resembling that of the synagogue, when the synagogue was in its worst state. The dress, the deportment, the language, the studies, the amusements of the rigid sect were regulated on principles not unlike those of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharisees" class="extiw" title="w:Pharisees">Pharisees</a> who, proud of their washed hands and broad phylacteries, taunted the Redeemer as a sabbathbreaker and a winebibber. It was a sin to hang garlands on a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maypole" class="extiw" title="w:Maypole">Maypole</a>, to drink a friend's health, to fly a hawk, to hunt a stag, to play at chess, to wear lovelocks, to put starch into a ruff, to touch the virginals, to read the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene" class="extiw" title="w:The Faerie Queene">Fairy Queen</a>. Rules such as these, rules which would have appeared insupportable to the free and joyous spirit of Luther, and contemptible to the serene and philosophical intellect of <a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Zwingle</a>, threw over all life a more than monastic gloom. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Thomas Macaulay</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of_England_from_the_Accession_of_James_the_Second" class="extiw" title="w:The History of England from the Accession of James the Second">The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Volume I</a></i>, ed. C. H. Firth (1913), p. 70</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Some precisians had scruples about teaching the Latin grammar, because the names of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" class="extiw" title="w:Mars (mythology)">Mars</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysus" class="extiw" title="w:Dionysus">Bacchus</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo" class="extiw" title="w:Apollo">Apollo</a> occurred in it. The fine arts were all but proscribed. The solemn peal of the organ was superstitious. The light music of <a href="/wiki/Ben_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Johnson">Ben Johnson</a>'s masques was dissolute. Half the fine paintings in England were idolatrous, and the other half indecent. The extreme Puritan was at once known from other men by his gait, his garb, his lank hair, the sour solemnity of his face, the upturned white of his eyes, the nasal twang with which he spoke, and, above all, by his peculiar dialect. He employed, on every occasion, the imagery and style of Scripture. Hebraisms violently introduced into the English language, and metaphors borrowed from the boldest lyric poetry of a remote age and country, and applied to the common concerns of English life, were the most striking peculiarities of this cant, which moved, not without cause, the derision both of Prelatists and libertines. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Thomas Macaulay</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of_England_from_the_Accession_of_James_the_Second" class="extiw" title="w:The History of England from the Accession of James the Second">The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Volume I</a></i>, ed. C. H. Firth (1913), pp. 70-71</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>They proved...as intolerant and as meddling as ever <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">Laud</a> had been. They interdicted under heavy penalties the use of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" class="extiw" title="w:Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a>, not only in churches, but even in private houses. It was a crime in a child to read by the bedside of a sick parent one of those beautiful collects which had soothed the griefs of forty generations of Christians. Severe punishments were denounced against such as should presume to blame the Calvinistic mode of worship. Clergymen of respectable character were not only ejected from their benefices by thousands, but were frequently exposed to the outrages of a fanatical rabble. Churches and sepulchres, fine works of art and curious remains of antiquity, were brutally defaced. The Parliament resolved that all pictures in the royal collection which contained representations of Jesus or of the Virgin Mother should be burned. Sculpture fared as ill as painting. Nymphs and Graces, the work of Ionian chisels, were delivered over to Puritan stonemasons to be made decent. Against the lighter vices the ruling faction waged war with a zeal little tempered by humanity or by common sense. Sharp laws were passed against betting. It was enacted that adultery should be punished with death. The illicit intercourse of the sexes, even where neither violence nor seduction was imputed, where no public scandal was given, where no conjugal right was violated, was made a misdemeanour. Public amusements, from the masques which were exhibited at the mansions of the great down to the wrestling matches and grinning matches on village greens, were vigorously attacked. One ordinance directed that all the Maypoles in England should forthwith be hewn down. Another proscribed all theatrical diversions. The playhouses were to be dismantled, the spectators fined, the actors whipped at the cart's tail. Ropedancing, puppetshows, bowls, horse-racing, were regarded with no friendly eye. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Thomas Macaulay</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of_England_from_the_Accession_of_James_the_Second" class="extiw" title="w:The History of England from the Accession of James the Second">The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Volume I</a></i>, ed. C. H. Firth (1913), pp. 141-142</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The Puritan hated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear-baiting" class="extiw" title="w:Bear-baiting">bearbaiting</a>, not because it gave <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a> to the bear, but because it gave <a href="/wiki/Pleasure" title="Pleasure">pleasure</a> to the spectators. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Thomas Macaulay</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of_England_from_the_Accession_of_James_the_Second" class="extiw" title="w:The History of England from the Accession of James the Second">The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Volume I</a></i>, ed. C. H. Firth (1913), p. 142</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Perhaps no single circumstance more strongly illustrates the temper of the precisians than their conduct respecting <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> day. Christmas had been, from time immemorial, the season of joy and domestic affection, the season when families assembled, when children came home from school, when quarrels were made up, when carols were heard in every street, when every house was decorated with evergreens, and every table was loaded with good cheer. At that season all hearts not utterly destitute of kindness were enlarged and softened. At that season the poor were admitted to partake largely of the overflowings of the wealth of the rich, whose bounty was peculiarly acceptable on account of the shortness of the days and of the severity of the weather... Where there is much enjoyment there will be some excess: yet, on the whole, the spirit in which the holiday was kept was not unworthy of a Christian festival. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Parliament" class="extiw" title="w:Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a> gave orders, in 1644, that the twenty-fifth of December should be strictly observed as a fast, and that all men should pass it in humbly bemoaning the great national sin which they and their fathers had so often committed on that day by romping under the mistletoe, eating boar's head, and drinking ale flavored with roasted apples. No public act of that time seems to have irritated the common people more. On the next anniversary of the festival formidable riots broke out in many places. The constables were resisted, the magistrates insulted, the houses of noted zealots attacked, and the prescribed service of the day openly read in the churches.<br />Such was the spirit of the extreme Puritans, both Presbyterian and Independent. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay">Thomas Macaulay</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of_England_from_the_Accession_of_James_the_Second" class="extiw" title="w:The History of England from the Accession of James the Second">The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, Volume I</a></i>, ed. C. H. Firth (1913), p. 143</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The Puritan conception that we have no natural duties and loyalties produces a cruel way of life. The Bible is taken all of a level, and then the more primitive aspects of the Old Testament become the standards for bloodthirsty cruelty. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cartwright_(theologian)" class="extiw" title="w:Thomas Cartwright (theologian)">Cartwright</a> would have executed all priests of the Church of Rome because of the model of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel" class="extiw" title="w:Samuel">Samuel</a> hewing down <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agag" class="extiw" title="w:Agag">Agag</a> before the altar. The communicants of the Church of Rome are the Philistines of our day, says Cartwright. They are the anti-christ, and the Scripture tells us to destroy them. The denial of all goodness in human nature, and the contention that we have no obligations except those enunciated in Holy Scripture, is a view which <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hooker" title="Richard Hooker">Hooker</a> holds would be one of which <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> might well approve. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sedberry_Marshall" class="extiw" title="w:John Sedberry Marshall">John Sedberry Marshall</a>, <i>Hooker and the Anglican Tradition: Historical and Theological Study of Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity</i> (1963), p. 119</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The public upsurge of piety that became known as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Revival" class="extiw" title="w:Evangelical Revival">Evangelical Revival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Britain">Britain</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Awakening" class="extiw" title="w:Great Awakening">Great Awakening</a> in America did not arise out of thin air. Besides the direct influence on continental <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism" class="extiw" title="w:Pietism">Pietism</a>, it also benefitted from two movements closer to home. First was a powerful international network of dedicated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism" class="extiw" title="w:Calvinism">Calvinists</a> who read each other’s devotional works and eagerly followed news about Calvinist reforms elsewhere in Europe. This network enjoyed two strongholds in the English-speaking world. The Puritans in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, who had mobilized during the reign of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_I" class="extiw" title="w:Queen Elizabeth I">Queen Elizabeth I</a> (1558-1603) in order to push the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> further, were joined by the Calvinists of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, who were led by the indomitable <a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a>, in their pursuit of personal godliness combined with national reform. When monarchs <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_I" class="extiw" title="w:King James I">James I</a> (1603-1625) and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Charles" class="extiw" title="w:King Charles">Charles</a> (1625-1649) frustrated these efforts in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, several thousands Puritans migrated to the wilderness of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> in order to set up a “godly Commonwealth” of the sort that English circumstances prevented. Scottish Puritans and the Puritans of Old and New England retained a great deal of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medievalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medievalism (page does not exist)">medievalism</a>, especially an understanding of Christianity as always <a href="/wiki/Corporate" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate">corporate</a> or even <a href="/wiki/National" class="mw-redirect" title="National">national</a>, as well as personal. But they also promoted innovations (like the personal conversion) and underscored specific teachings of the general Protestant inheritance (like the need for saving grace) that fed directly into later <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical (page does not exist)">evangelical</a> movements. <ul><li>McDermott, Gerald R., ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Oxford_Handbook_of_Evangelical_Theol/CPRWjoGOQJkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover">“The Oxford Handbook of Evangelical Theology”</a>, ‘’Oxford University Press’’. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195369441" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780195369441</a>, <i>Eighteenth-Century Britain and America</i>, p.25-26</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Because their acts of <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a> often have been so violent and blatant, discussions of racism over the years have centered on conservatives and hardcore racists. But as these few paragraphs have attempted to show, although they have not been publicly associated with acts of physical violence acts, Christian liberals are little different than their conservative counterparts when it comes to embracing the twisted Protestant theological ideas first planted by the Puritans. <br /> The one glaring difference between the two groups is that liberals throughout American history have learned to be more sophisticated with their antiblackess. From the Puritan era to the present, their sophistication often has been in the form of an eerie silence regarding the matter of race and racism. For example, the writings of heralded American theologians stretching from Jonathan Edwards through H. Richard Niebuhr, and Paul Tilich are conspicuously empty of any critical analysis of the interplay between Christian ideas of racism. While all of these “giants” wrote volumes analyzing the finer points of theology and showing how theology relates to human enterprises, none raised a question about how Protestants repeatedly have corrupted theology in order to justify antiblackness as God-ordained. <ul><li>McGrath, Alister E.; Marks, Darren C. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Blackwell_Companion_to_Protestantism/Nw0wiHZ6BlYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover">”The Blackwell companion to Protestantism”</a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp.368-369, Protestantism and Racism". <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780631232780" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-631-23278-0</a>. Retrieved 5 January 2012.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Puritanism is the haunting <a href="/wiki/Fear" title="Fear">fear</a> that someone, somewhere, may be <a href="/wiki/Happy" class="mw-redirect" title="Happy">happy</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.L._Mencken" class="mw-redirect" title="H.L. Mencken">H.L. Mencken</a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scrippsnews.com/node/28289">"Iran's vice squad"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripps_Howard_News_Service" class="extiw" title="w:Scripps Howard News Service">Scripps Howard News Service</a>. November 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-11-13</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Iran%27s+vice+squad&rft.atitle=&rft.date=November+12%2C+2007&rft.pub=%5B%5Bw%3AScripps+Howard+News+Service%7CScripps+Howard+News+Service%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scrippsnews.com%2Fnode%2F28289&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Puritanism"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Original source: <i>The American Mercury</i> (January 1925), Volume 4, Number 13, <i>Clinical Notes</i> by <a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">H. L. Mencken</a> and George Jean Nathan, page 59</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The Puritan’s utter lack of aesthetic sense, his distrust of all romantic emotion, his unmatchable intolerance of opposition, his unbreakable belief in his own bleak and narrow views, his savage cruelty of attack, his lust for relentless and barbarous persecution—theses things have put an almost unbearable burden upon the exchange of ideas in the United States. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">H. L. Mencken</a>, quoted in <i>Mencken: A Life,</i> by Fred Hobson (1994), <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801852382" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8018-5238-2</a>, p. 192</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>In Puritan Massachusetts, any <a href="/wiki/Woman" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman">woman</a> <a href="/wiki/Pregnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pregnant">pregnant</a> through <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a> was prosecuted for <a href="/wiki/Fornication" title="Fornication">fornication</a>. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Solomon" class="extiw" title="w:Andrew Solomon">Andrew Solomon</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-legitimate-children-of-rape">“The Legitimate Children of Rape”</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker" class="extiw" title="w:The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, (August 29, 2012).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialogue">Dialogue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puritanism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dialogue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Klein</b>: Puritan <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> was described as “the common receptacle of <a href="/wiki/Pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirates">pirates</a> of all <a href="/wiki/Nations" title="Nations">nations</a>,” and <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a> described a 1646 visit by pirates to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="w:Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a> as “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_providence" class="extiw" title="w:Divine providence">divine providence</a>.” How did the Puritans and Pilgrims reconcile their support of piracy with their <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">morality</a>?</li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Dolan</b>: They were no different than any of their fellow colonists in trying to <a href="/wiki/Survive" class="mw-redirect" title="Survive">survive</a> any way they could. Plymouth was in dire straits in 1646, and the pirates who visited may have been a bunch of unruly, lusty men who raised hell for a couple of days, but they came with <a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">money</a> in their pockets and shared it <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberally&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberally (page does not exist)">liberally</a>. When those same pirates came to Boston, they gave Winthrop a stolen sedan chair that had been intended for the ruler of Mexico, so Winthrop got his palms greased a little bit. When pirates came to Boston, the people threw out the red carpet for them because they knew that they would be spending a lot of their plunder at the local grog shops and stores and provide a major jolt to the economy. <ul><li>Eric Jay Dolin in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2018/09/15/the-surprising-history-american-pirates/fvXiyZWVT5bwU730FxUxlL/story.html">“The surprising history of American pirates”</a>, by Christopher Klein, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" class="extiw" title="w:The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>, (2018/09/15, updated September 15, 2018).</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puritanism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/75px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/100px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> has an article about: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritanism" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Puritanism">Puritanism</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <div class="noprint metadata" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/75px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/100px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Wiktionary</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Puritanism" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Puritanism">Puritanism</a></b></i> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktionary" class="extiw" title="w:Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Puritanism&oldid=3575010">https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Puritanism&oldid=3575010</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_stubs" title="Category:Christianity stubs">Christianity stubs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Puritanism" title="Category:Puritanism">Puritanism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Category:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 September 2024, at 22:25.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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