CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="sat" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPA for English - ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )satwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9", "᱐\t᱑\t᱒\t᱓\t᱔\t᱕\t᱖\t᱗\t᱘\t᱙"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ","ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ","ᱢᱟᱨᱪ","ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ","ᱢᱮ","ᱡᱩᱱ","ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ","ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ","ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ","ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ","ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ","ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ"],"wgRequestId":"0aba97e7-7caa-4737-9c5b-78f4879a3583","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Project","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":4,"wgPageName":"ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPA_for_English","wgTitle":"IPA for English","wgCurRevisionId":14483,"wgRevisionId":14483,"wgArticleId":1524,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia IPA"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sat","wgPageContentLanguage":"sat","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPA_for_English","wgRelevantArticleId":1524,"wgIsProbablyEditable": true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sat","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sat"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgDiscussionToolsFeaturesEnabled":{"replytool":true,"newtopictool":true,"sourcemodetoolbar":true,"topicsubscription":false,"autotopicsub":false,"visualenhancements":false,"visualenhancements_reply":false,"visualenhancements_pageframe":false},"wgDiscussionToolsFallbackEditMode":"visual","wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.discussionTools.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.discussionTools.init","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sat&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.discussionTools.init.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sat&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sat&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPA for English - ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sat.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ (sat)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sat.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sat"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title=" ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱚᱪᱚ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="ext-discussiontools-replytool-enabled ext-discussiontools-newtopictool-enabled ext-discussiontools-sourcemodetoolbar-enabled skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-4 ns-subject mw-editable page-ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ_IPA_for_English rootpage-ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ_IPA_for_English skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱩ" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱩ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱩ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱝ</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨᱵᱟᱲᱟ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱢᱮ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B4_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱪᱮᱛᱮᱢ ᱪᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ,ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ"><span>ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱴᱟᱞ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:RecentChanges" title="ᱩᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ᱨᱚᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱠᱚ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:Random" title="ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟᱠᱳ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱽ ᱢᱮ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ"><span>ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sat.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sat.svg" width="120" height="8" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.5em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ" aria-label="ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯ ᱠᱚ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=sat.wikipedia.org&uselang=sat" class=""><span>ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱮᱢᱯᱮ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:CreateAccount&returnto=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%3AIPA+for+English" title="ᱟᱢᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱟᱶᱴ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱭᱟ; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾" class=""><span>ᱮᱠᱟᱶᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%3AIPA+for+English" title="ᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱣᱤᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱢᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯ ᱠᱚ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯ ᱠᱚ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=sat.wikipedia.org&uselang=sat"><span>ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱮᱢᱯᱮ</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Contribute</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:CreateAccount&returnto=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%3AIPA+for+English" title="ᱟᱢᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱟᱶᱴ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱭᱟ; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ᱮᱠᱟᱶᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%3AIPA+for+English" title="ᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱣᱤᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱢᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ᱨᱚᱲ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥᱠᱚ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥᱠᱚ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱝ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Key" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">᱑</span> <span>Key</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">᱒</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">᱓</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥᱠᱚ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">IPA for English</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ᱑ language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">᱑ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizherenneg_Fonetikel_Etrebroadel_ar_saozneg" title="Lizherenneg Fonetikel Etrebroadel ar saozneg – ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱴᱚᱱ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizherenneg Fonetikel Etrebroadel ar saozneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱴᱚᱱ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:NewItem?site=satwiki&page=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%3AIPA+for+English" title="ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ" class="wbc-editpage">ᱡᱳᱱᱳᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-project" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English" title="ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2:IPA_for_English&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ᱥᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱚᱜ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English"><span>ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&action=history" title="ᱱᱚᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱨᱩᱟᱹᱲ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯᱠᱚ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯᱠᱚ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯᱠᱚ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱝ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱠᱚ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English"><span>ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&action=history"><span>ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:WhatLinksHere/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English" title="ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱩᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱳ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:RecentChangesLinked/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English" rel="nofollow" title="ᱱᱚᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱠᱚ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sat" title="ᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱮᱢᱮ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱫᱮᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:SpecialPages" title="ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟᱠᱚ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&oldid=14483" title="ᱱᱚᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱮᱡᱩᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ"><span>ᱛᱤᱨᱮᱡᱩᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsat.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%25B1%25A3%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25B0%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259F%3AIPA_for_English"><span>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱭᱩᱹᱟᱨᱹᱮᱞᱹ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsat.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%25B1%25A3%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25B0%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259F%3AIPA_for_English"><span>ᱠᱤᱭᱩᱹᱟᱨᱹ ᱠᱚᱰ ᱰᱟᱩᱱᱞᱚᱰ ᱢᱮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ/ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%3AIPA+for+English"><span>ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%3AIPA_for_English&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱨ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱭᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&printable=yes" title="ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱴ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱚᱰᱚᱫ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱚᱰᱚᱫ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱝ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sat" dir="ltr"><div style="position:relative;top:-3em"><span id="WP:IPAE"></span><span id="WP:IPAEN"></span></div> <div class="shortcutbox plainlist noprint" role="note" style="float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#fff;margin:.3em .3em .3em 1em;padding:.4em .6em;text-align:center;font-size:smaller;line-height:2em;font-weight:bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:Shortcut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:Shortcut (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Shortcuts</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPAE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPAE (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">WP:IPAE</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPAEN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPAEN (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">WP:IPAEN</a></li></ul></div> <p>The pronunciation of English words in Wikipedia is given in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA) using the following transcription, which is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diaphoneme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diaphoneme (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">not specific to any one dialect</a>. For a more complete key to the IPA, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPA (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPA</a>, which includes sounds that do not occur in English. If the IPA symbols do not display properly on your browser, see the links at the bottom of this page. </p> <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" width="50%"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> Understanding the key </th></tr> <tr> <td>This key accommodates standard <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_American&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General American (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">General American</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Received_Pronunciation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Received Pronunciation (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Received Pronunciation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadian English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Canadian English</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South African English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">South African English</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_English_phonology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australian English phonology (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Australian English</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Zealand English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">New Zealand English</a> pronunciations. Therefore, not all of the distinctions shown here will be relevant to your dialect. If, for example, you pronounce <i>cot</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈkɒt/</span> and <i>caught</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈkɔːt/</span> the same, you can simply ignore the difference between the symbols <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɒ/</span> and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɔː/</span>, just as you ignore the distinction between the written vowels <i>o</i> and <i>au</i> when pronouncing them. <p>In many dialects <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/r/</span> occurs only before a vowel; if you speak such a dialect, simply ignore <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/r/</span> in the pronunciation guides where you would not pronounce it, as in <i>cart</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈkɑrt/</span>. In other dialects, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/j/</span> (a <i>y</i> sound) cannot occur after <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/t/</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/d/</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/n/</span> etc. in the same syllable; if you speak such a dialect, ignore the <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/j/</span> in transcriptions such as <i>new</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/njuː/</span>. </p><p>For example, <i>New York</i> is transcribed <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/njuː ˈjɔrk/</span>. For most people from England, and for some New Yorkers, the <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/r/</span> in <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈjɔrk/</span> is not pronounced and can be ignored; for most people from the US, including some New Yorkers, the <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/j/</span> in <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/njuː/</span> is not pronounced and can be ignored. </p><p>On the other hand, there are some distinctions which you might make but which this key does not encode, as they are seldom reflected in the dictionaries used as sources for Wikipedia articles. Examples include the difference between the vowels of <i>fir</i>, <i>fur</i> and <i>fern</i> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Scottish</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiberno-English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiberno-English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Irish English</a>, the vowels of <i>bad</i> and <i>had</i> in many parts of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australian English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Australia</a> and the Eastern United States, and the vowels of <i>spider</i> and <i>spied her</i> in some parts of Scotland and North America. </p><p>Other words may have different vowels depending on the speaker. <i>Bath,</i> for example, originally had the <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/æ/</span> vowel of <i>cat,</i> but for many speakers it now has the <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɑː/</span> vowel of <i>father.</i> Such words are transcribed twice, once for each pronunciation: <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈbæθ, ˈbɑːθ/</span>. </p><p>The IPA stress mark (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ˈ</span>) comes <i>before</i> the syllable that has the stress, in contrast to stress marking in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pronunciation_respelling_for_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pronunciation respelling for English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">pronunciation keys of some dictionaries published in the United States</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" width="50%"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%AA:IPAhelp2col&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:IPAhelp2col (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:IPAhelp2col</a> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Key" data-mw-thread-id="h-Key"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Key"></span>Key<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Key"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Key"><span>ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:IPAicon.png&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ଫାଇଲ:IPAicon.png (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">right</a>(Words in <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SMALL CAPITALS</span></span> are the standard <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lexical_set&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lexical set (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">lexical sets</a>. Words in the lexical sets <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">BATH</span></span> and <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CLOTH</span></span> are given two transcriptions, respectively one with <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɑː/</span> and one with <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/æ/</span>, and with <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɒ/</span> and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɔː/</span>). </p> <table style="background:none"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consonant (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Consonants</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:3em;">IPA</th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">b</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>b</b>uy, ca<b>b</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">d</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>d</b>ie, ca<b>d</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ð</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>th</b>y, brea<b>the</b>, fa<b>th</b>er </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">dʒ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>g</b>iant, ba<b>dge</b>, <b>j</b>am </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">f</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>ph</b>i, ca<b>ff</b>, <b>f</b>an </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɡ</span></big> (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɡ</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><b>g</b>uy, ba<b>g</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">h</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>h</b>igh, a<b>h</b>ead </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">j</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>y</b>es, <b>y</b>acht </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">k</span></big> </td> <td align="left">s<b>k</b>y, <b>c</b>ra<b>ck</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">l</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>l</b>ie, s<b>l</b>y, ga<b>l</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">m</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>m</b>y, s<b>m</b>ile, ca<b>m</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">n</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>n</b>igh, s<b>n</b>ide, ca<b>n</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ŋ</span></big> </td> <td align="left">sa<b>ng</b>, si<b>n</b>k, si<b>ng</b>er </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ŋɡ</span></big> </td> <td align="left">fi<b>ng</b>er, a<b>ng</b>er </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">θ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>th</b>igh, ma<b>th</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">p</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>p</b>ie, s<b>p</b>y, ca<b>p</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">r</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>r</b>ye, t<b>r</b>y, ve<b>r</b>y<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱒<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">s</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>s</b>igh, ma<b>ss</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʃ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>sh</b>y, ca<b>sh</b>, emo<b>ti</b>on </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">t</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>t</b>ie, s<b>t</b>y, ca<b>t</b>, a<b>t</b>om </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">tʃ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>Ch</b>ina, ca<b>tch</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">v</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>v</b>ie, ha<b>ve</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">w</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>w</b>ye, s<b>w</b>ine </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">hw</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>wh</b>y<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱓<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">z</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>x</b>i, <b>z</b>oo, ha<b>s</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʒ</span></big> </td> <td align="left">plea<b>s</b>ure, vi<b>si</b>on, bei<b>g</b>e<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱔<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Marginal consonants </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">x</span></big> </td> <td align="left">u<b>gh</b>, lo<b>ch</b>, <b>Ch</b>anukah<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱕<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʔ</span></big> </td> <td align="left">uh<b>-</b>oh <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈʌʔoʊ/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vowel (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Full vowels</th> <th colspan="2">... followed by R<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱖<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-triphthong_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triphthong-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱗<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɑː</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">P<b>A</b>LM</span></span>, b<b>ah</b>t, f<b>a</b>ther, br<b>a</b> </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɑr</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ST<b>AR</b>T</span></span>, b<b>ar</b>d, b<b>ar</b>n, sn<b>ar</b>l, st<b>ar</b> (also <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɑːr./</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɒ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">L<b>O</b>T</span></span>, p<b>o</b>d, s<b>o</b>ng, d<b>o</b>ll<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱘<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɒr</span></big> </td> <td align="left">m<b>or</b>al, f<b>or</b>age </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">æ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">TR<b>A</b>P</span></span>, p<b>a</b>d, sh<b>a</b>ll, b<b>a</b>n </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ær</span></big> </td> <td align="left">b<b>arr</b>ow, m<b>arr</b>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">aɪ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PR<b>I</b>CE</span></span>, r<b>i</b>de, f<b>i</b>le, f<b>i</b>ne, p<b>ie</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱙<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><big> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">aɪər</span></big> </td> <td align="left">f<b>ire</b> (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/aɪr./</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-triphthong_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triphthong-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱗<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">aʊ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">M<b>OU</b>TH</span></span>, l<b>ou</b>d, f<b>ou</b>l, d<b>ow</b>n, h<b>ow</b> </td> <td><big> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">aʊər</span></big> </td> <td align="left">h<b>our</b> (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/aʊr./</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-triphthong_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triphthong-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱗<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɛ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DR<b>E</b>SS</span></span>, b<b>e</b>d, f<b>e</b>ll, m<b>e</b>n<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑᱐<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><big> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɛr</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>err</b>or, m<b>err</b>y<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑᱑<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">eɪ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">F<b>A</b>CE</span></span>, m<b>a</b>de, f<b>ai</b>l, v<b>ei</b>n, p<b>ay</b> </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɛər</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SQU<b>ARE</b></span></span>, sc<b>are</b>d, sc<b>ar</b>ce, c<b>air</b>n, M<b>ar</b>y (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/eɪr./</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑᱒<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-triphthong_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triphthong-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱗<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɪ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">K<b>I</b>T</span></span>, l<b>i</b>d, f<b>i</b>ll, b<b>i</b>n </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɪr</span></big> </td> <td align="left">m<b>irr</b>or, S<b>ir</b>ius </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">iː</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">FL<b>EE</b>CE</span></span>, s<b>ee</b>d, f<b>ee</b>l, m<b>ea</b>n, s<b>ea</b> </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɪər</span> </big></td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">N<b>EAR</b></span></span>, b<b>ear</b>d, f<b>ier</b>ce, s<b>er</b>ious (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/iːr./</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɔː</span> </big></td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">TH<b>OUGH</b>T</span></span>, M<b>au</b>d, d<b>aw</b>n, f<b>a</b>ll, str<b>aw</b><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑᱓<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɔr</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">N<b>OR</b>TH</span></span>, b<b>or</b>n, f<b>or</b>, <b>aur</b>al (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɔːr./</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɔɪ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CH<b>OI</b>CE</span></span>, v<b>oi</b>d, f<b>oi</b>l, c<b>oi</b>n, b<b>oy</b> </td> <td><big> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɔɪər</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loir" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:loir">l<b>oir</b></a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coir" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:coir">c<b>oir</b></a> (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɔɪr./</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-triphthong_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-triphthong-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱗<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">oʊ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">G<b>OA</b>T</span></span>, c<b>o</b>de, f<b>oa</b>l, b<b>o</b>ne, g<b>o</b><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑᱔<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><big> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɔər</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">F<b>OR</b>CE</span></span>, b<b>oar</b>, m<b>ore</b>, <b>or</b>al (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/oʊr./</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑᱕<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʊ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">F<b>OO</b>T</span></span>, g<b>oo</b>d, f<b>u</b>ll, w<b>o</b>man </td> <td><big> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʊr</span></big> </td> <td align="left">c<b>our</b>ier </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">uː</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">G<b>OO</b>SE</span></span>, f<b>oo</b>d, f<b>oo</b>l, s<b>oo</b>n, ch<b>ew</b> </td> <td><big> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʊər</span></big> </td> <td align="left">b<b>oor</b>, m<b>oor</b>, t<b>our</b>ist (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/uːr./</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑᱖<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">juː</span></big> </td> <td align="left">c<b>ue</b>d, c<b>u</b>te, m<b>u</b>le, t<b>u</b>ne, q<b>ueue</b><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑᱗<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><big> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">jʊər</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">C<b>URE</b></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʌ</span></big> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">STR<b>U</b>T</span></span>, m<b>u</b>d, d<b>u</b>ll, g<b>u</b>n<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑᱘<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʌr</span></big> </td> <td align="left">b<b>or</b>ough, h<b>urr</b>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɜr</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">N<b>UR</b>SE</span></span>, w<b>or</b>d, g<b>ir</b>l, f<b>er</b>n, f<b>urr</b>y (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɝː/</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-rhoticschwa_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhoticschwa-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑᱙<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vowel_reduction_in_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vowel reduction in English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Reduced vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ə</span></big> </td> <td align="left">Ros<b>a</b>’s, <b>a</b> mission, <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMM<b>A</b></span></span> </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ər</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LETT<b>ER</b></span></span>, p<b>er</b>form (also <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɚ/</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-rhoticschwa_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhoticschwa-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱑᱙<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɨ</span></big> </td> <td align="left">ros<b>e</b>s, <b>e</b>mission<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱒᱐<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small style="white-space: nowrap">(either <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɪ</span> or <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ə</span>)</small> </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ən</span></big> </td> <td align="left">butt<b>on</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɵ</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><b>o</b>mission<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱒᱑<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small style="white-space: nowrap">(either <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">oʊ</span> or <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ə</span>)</small> </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">əm</span></big> </td> <td align="left">rhyth<b>m</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʉ</span></big> </td> <td align="left">beautif<b>u</b>l, curric<b>u</b>lum (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[jʉ]</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱒᱒<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small style="white-space: nowrap">(either <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʊ</span> or <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ə</span>)</small> </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">əl</span></big> </td> <td align="left">bott<b>le</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">i</span></big> </td> <td align="left"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">HAPP<b>Y</b></span></span>, ser<b>i</b>ous<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱒᱓<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small style="white-space: nowrap">(either <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɪ</span> or <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">iː</span>)</small> </td> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ᵊ, ⁱ</span></big> </td> <td align="left">(vowel is frequently dropped: nasturt<b>i</b>um) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right: #fff solid 1px"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stress_(linguistics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stress (linguistics) (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Stress</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syllabification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syllabification (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Syllabification</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples </th> <th>IPA</th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ˈ</span></big> </td> <td align="left" rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap"><b>in</b>to<b>na</b>tion <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱒᱔<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> <br/><b>bat</b>tleship <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈbætəlʃɪp/</span><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱒᱕<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">.</span></big> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="left"><span class="nowrap">shellfish <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈʃɛl.fɪʃ/</span>, selfish <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈsɛlf.ɨʃ/</span></span><br/><span class="nowrap">nitrate <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈnaɪ.treɪt/</span>, night-rate <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈnaɪt.reɪt/</span></span><br/>hire <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈhaɪər/</span>, higher <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈhaɪ.ər/</span><br/>moai <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈmoʊ.aɪ/</span>, Windhoek <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈvɪnt.hʊk/</span><br/>Vancouveria <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/</span><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>᱒᱖<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ˌ</span> </big></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Notes"><span>ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">If the two characters ‹<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɡ</span>› and ‹<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:Opentail_g.svg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ଫାଇଲ:Opentail g.svg (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">6px</a></span>› do not match and if the first looks like a ‹<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">γ</span>›, then you have an issue with your default font. See <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:IPA (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Rendering issues</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Although the IPA symbol <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[r]</span> represents a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alveolar_trill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alveolar trill (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">trill</a>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/r/</span> is widely used instead of <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɹ/</span> in broad transcriptions of English.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/hw/</span> is not distinguished from <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/w/</span> in dialects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonological_history_of_wh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonological history of wh (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">wine-whine merger</a>, such as RP and most varieties of GenAm.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A number of English words, such as <i>genre</i> and <i>garage</i>, are pronounced with either <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ʒ/</span> or <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/dʒ/</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In most dialects, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/x/</span> is replaced by <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/k/</span> in <i>loch</i> and by <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/h/</span> in <i>Chanukah.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhotic_and_non-rhotic_accents&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhotic and non-rhotic accents (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">non-rhotic accents</a> such as RP, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/r/</span> is not pronounced unless followed by a vowel. In some Wikipedia articles, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɪər/</span> <i>etc.</i> may not be distinguished from <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɪr/</span> <i>etc.</i> When they are distinguished, the long vowels may be transcribed <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/iːr/</span> <i>etc.</i> by analogy with vowels not followed by <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/r/</span>. If you notify us of this on the talk page, we will correct it.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-triphthong-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-triphthong_7-0">᱗.᱐</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-triphthong_7-1">᱗.᱑</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-triphthong_7-2">᱗.᱒</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-triphthong_7-3">᱗.᱓</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-triphthong_7-4">᱗.᱔</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> Note that many speakers distinguish monosyllabic triphthongs with R and disyllabic realizations: <i>hour</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈaʊər/</span> from <i>plougher</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈplaʊ.ər/</span>, <i>hire</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈhaɪər/</span> from <i>higher</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈhaɪ.ər/</span>, <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loir" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:loir">loir</a></i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈlɔɪər/</span> from <i>employer</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɨmˈplɔɪ.ər/</span>, <i>mare</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈmɛər/</span> from <i>mayor</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ˈmeɪ.ər/</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɒ/</span> is not distinguished from <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɑː/</span> in dialects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonological_history_of_English_low_back_vowels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonological history of English low back vowels (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">father-bother merger</a> such as GenAm.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Many speakers, for example in most of Canada, have a different vowel in <i>price</i> and <i>ride</i>. Generally, an <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[aɪ]</span> is used at the ends of words and before voiced sounds, as in <i>ride, file, fine, pie,</i> while an <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[əɪ]</span> is used before voiceless sounds, as in <i>price</i> and <i>write</i>. Because <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/t/</span> and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/d/</span> are often conflated in the middle of words in these dialects, derivatives of these words, such as <i>rider</i> and <i>writer</i>, may be distinguished only by their vowel: <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ˈɹʷ<b>aɪ</b>ɾəɹ], [ˈɹʷ<b>əɪ</b>ɾəɹ]</span>. However, even though the value of <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/aɪ/</span> is not predictable in some words, such as <i>spider</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ˈsp<b>əɪ</b>ɾəɹ]</span>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources.">ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ</span></a></i>]</sup> dictionaries do not generally record it, so it has not been allocated a separate transcription here.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Instead of <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɛ</span>, many dictionaries use <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/e/</span> as a simplification, in other words without actually intending this sound.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/bed_2">[᱑]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/bed">[᱒]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.collinslanguage.com/results.aspx?context=4&reversed=False&action=define&homonym=-1&text=bed">[᱓]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Instead of <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɛ</span>, many dictionaries use <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/e/</span> as a simplification, in other words without actually intending this sound.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/error">[᱔]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/error">[᱕]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.collinslanguage.com/results.aspx?context=4&reversed=False&action=define&homonym=0&text=error">[᱖]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The GenAm pronunciation is <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɛr</span>. Instead of using <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɛ</span> in RP <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɛər</span> and GenAm <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɛr</span>, many dictionaries use <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/e/</span> (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">eər</span> in RP and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">er</span> in GenAm) as a simplification, in other words without actually intending this sound.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/square_4">[᱗]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/square">[᱘]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.collinslanguage.com/results.aspx?context=4&reversed=False&action=define&homonym=0&text=square">[᱙]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɔː/</span> is not distinguished from <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɑː/</span> (except before <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/r/</span>) in dialects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonological_history_of_English_low_back_vowels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonological history of English low back vowels (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">cot-caught merger</a> such as some varieties of GenAm.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Commonly transcribed <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/əʊ/</span> or <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/oː/</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɔər/</span> is not distinguished from <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɔr/</span> in dialects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=English-language_vowel_changes_before_historic_r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="English-language vowel changes before historic r (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">horse-hoarse merger</a>, which include most dialects of modern English.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ʊər/</span> is not distinguished from <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɔr/</span> in dialects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=English-language_vowel_changes_before_historic_r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="English-language vowel changes before historic r (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">pour-poor merger</a>, including many younger speakers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In dialects with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yod-dropping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yod-dropping (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">yod-dropping</a>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/juː/</span> is pronounced the same as <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/uː/</span> after <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coronal_consonant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coronal consonant (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">coronal consonants</a> (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/t/</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/d/</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/s/</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/z/</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/n/</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/θ/</span>, and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/l/</span>) in the same syllable, so that <i>dew</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/djuː/</span> is pronounced the same as <i>do</i> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/duː/</span>. In dialects with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yod-coalescence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yod-coalescence (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">yod-coalescence</a>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/tj/</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/dj/</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/sj/</span> and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/zj/</span> are pronounced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/tʃ/</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/dʒ/</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ʃ/</span> and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ʒ/</span>, so that the first syllable in <i>Tuesday</i> is pronounced the same as <i>choose</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This phoneme is not used in the northern half of England and some bordering parts of Wales. These words would take the <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ʊ</span> vowel: there is no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonological_history_of_English_high_back_vowels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonological history of English high back vowels (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">foot-strut split</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhoticschwa-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rhoticschwa_19-0">᱑᱙.᱐</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-rhoticschwa_19-1">᱑᱙.᱑</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">In some articles <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɜr/</span> is transcribed as <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɝː/</span>, and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ər/</span> as <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɚ/</span>, when not followed by a vowel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ə]</span> in Australian and many US dialects, and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ɪ]</span> in Received Pronunciation. Many speakers freely alternate between a reduced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ɪ̈]</span> and a reduced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ə]</span>. Many phoneticians (vd. Olive & Greenwood 1993:322) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_English_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford English Dictionary (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">OED</a> uses the pseudo-IPA symbol <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><s>ɪ</s></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dictionary.oed.com/help/pronunciation-3e.html">[᱑᱐]</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merriam%E2%80%93Webster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merriam–Webster (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Merriam–Webster</a> uses <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ə̇</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ə]</span> in many dialects, and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ɵw]</span> or <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[əw]</span> before another vowel, as in <i>c<b>o</b>operate.</i> Sometimes pronounced as a full <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/oʊ/</span>, especially in careful speech. (Bolinger 1989) Usually transcribed as <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ə(ʊ)/</span> (or similar ways of showing variation between <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/əʊ/</span> and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ə/</span>) in British dictionaries.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ʊ]</span> in many dialects, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ə]</span> in others. Many speakers freely alternate between a reduced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ʊ̈]</span> and a reduced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ə]</span>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_English_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford English Dictionary (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">OED</a> uses the pseudo-IPA symbol <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><s>ʊ</s></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dictionary.oed.com/help/pronunciation-3e.html">[᱑᱑]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronounced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/iː/</span> in dialects with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phonological_history_of_English_high_front_vowels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phonological history of English high front vowels (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">happy tensing</a>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">/ɪ/</span> in other dialects. British convention used to transcribe it with /ɪ/, but the OED and other influential dictionaries recently converted to /i/.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">It is arguable that there is no phonemic distinction in English between primary and secondary stress (vd. Ladefoged 1993), but it is conventional to notate them as here.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Full vowels following a stressed syllable, such as the <i>ship</i> in <i>battleship,</i> are marked with secondary stress in some dictionaries (Merriam-Webster), but not in others (the OED). Such syllables are not actually stressed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Syllables are indicated sparingly, where necessary to avoid confusion, for example to break up sequences of vowels (<i>moai</i>) or consonant clusters which an English speaker might misread as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digraph_(orthography)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digraph (orthography) (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">digraph</a> (<i>Vancouveria, Windhoek</i>).</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: See also"><span>ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>To compare these symbols with dictionary IPA conventions you may be more familiar with, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB:IPA_conventions_for_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ:IPA conventions for English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ:IPA conventions for English</a>, which lists the conventions of eight English dictionaries published in Britain, Australia, and the US.</li> <li>To compare these symbols with non-IPA American dictionary conventions you may be more familiar with, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pronunciation_respelling_for_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pronunciation respelling for English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">pronunciation respelling for English</a>, which lists the pronunciation guides of fourteen English dictionaries published in the US.</li> <li>For differences among national dialects of English, see the <a href="/w/index.php?title=IPA_chart_for_English_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPA chart for English dialects (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">IPA chart for English dialects</a>, which compares the vowels of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Received_Pronunciation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Received Pronunciation (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Received Pronunciation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_American&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General American (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">General American</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_English_phonology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australian English phonology (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Australian English</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Zealand_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Zealand English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">New Zealand English</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish English (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Scottish English</a>, among others.</li> <li>For use of the IPA in other languages, see <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPA (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPA</a> for a quick overview, or the more detailed main <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> article.</li> <li>If your browser does not display IPA symbols, you probably need to install a font that includes the IPA. Good free IPA fonts include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gentium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gentium (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Gentium</a> (prettier) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charis_SIL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charis SIL (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Charis SIL</a> (more complete); download links can be found on those pages.</li> <li>For a guide to adding pronunciations to Wikipedia articles, see the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%9B%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9A:IPA/doc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ଛାଞ୍ଚ:IPA/doc (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">documentation for the IPA template</a>.</li> <li>For help on getting the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Screen_reader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Screen reader (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">screen reader</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=JAWS_(screen_reader)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JAWS (screen reader) (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">JAWS</a> to read IPA symbols, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.personal.psu.edu/ejp10/blogs/gotunicode/2008/09/getting-jaws-61-to-recognize-e.html">Getting JAWS 6.1 to recognize "exotic" Unicode symbols</a>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPA_for_English&oldid=14483">https://sat.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:IPA_for_English&oldid=14483</a>" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:Categories" title="ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ:Categories">ᱛᱷᱚᱠ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0:Wikipedia_IPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:Wikipedia IPA (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Wikipedia IPA</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱓ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱑᱖:᱐᱒ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱨᱮ</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">ᱚᱞᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱᱟ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱝᱢᱮ᱾</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">ᱩᱠᱩ ᱮᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B">ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A9">ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱠᱳ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱤᱡ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sat.wikipedia.org">ᱟᱝᱠᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sat.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:IPA_for_English&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-nqk2p","wgBackendResponseTime":482,"wgDiscussionToolsPageThreads":[{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Key","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-Notes","replies":[]},{"headingLevel":2,"name":"h-","type":"heading","level":0,"id":"h-See_also","replies":[]}],"wgPageParseReport":{"discussiontools":{"limitreport-timeusage":"0.054"},"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.270","walltime":"0.313","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2269,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":29359,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2411,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":25107,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 148.327 1 -total"," 36.04% 53.463 1 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Fact"," 30.31% 44.963 1 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Fix"," 17.32% 25.696 2 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Category_handler"," 16.29% 24.162 1 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Shortcut"," 10.88% 16.144 28 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Sc"," 7.57% 11.226 232 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:IPA"," 7.04% 10.449 1 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Delink"," 2.06% 3.054 3 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Nowrap"," 0.73% 1.089 1 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:IPAhelp2col"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.022","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":898441,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-nqk2p","timestamp":"20241128175242","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>