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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages_and_early_modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages_and_early_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middle Ages and early modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages_and_early_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th,_19th_and_early_20th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th,_19th_and_early_20th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>18th, 19th and early 20th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th,_19th_and_early_20th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Postwar period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-reunification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-reunification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Post-reunification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-reunification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geographic_position" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_position"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Geographic position</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_position-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population_density" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_density"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Population density</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_density-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjacent_cities_and_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjacent_cities_and_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Adjacent cities and districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjacent_cities_and_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_boroughs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_boroughs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>City boroughs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_boroughs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mayor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>City council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entrepreneurship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entrepreneurship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Entrepreneurship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entrepreneurship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bicycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Bicycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Train</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>British forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Münster</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 105 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(Westfalen)" title="Münster (Westfalen) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Münster (Westfalen)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="مونستر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مونستر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="مونستر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مونستر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(Westfalen)" title="Münster (Westfalen) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Münster (Westfalen)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мюнстер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мюнстер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Мюнстэр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мюнстэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_(%D0%92%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Мюнстэр (Вэстфалія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мюнстэр (Вэстфалія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мюнстер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мюнстер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt_M%C3%BCnster" title="Kreisfreie Stadt Münster – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kreisfreie Stadt Münster" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Μύνστερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μύνστερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Мюнстер ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мюнстер ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(Vestfalio)" title="Münster (Vestfalio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Münster (Vestfalio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="مونستر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مونستر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAnster" title="Múnster – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Múnster" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AE%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0" title="뮌스터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뮌스터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մյունստեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մյունստեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="मंस्टर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मंस्टर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(Westfalia)" title="Münster (Westfalia) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Münster (Westfalia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мюнстер – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мюнстер" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8" title="מינסטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מינסטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მიუნსტერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიუნსტერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мюнстер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мюнстер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster,_Westfalen" title="Münster, Westfalen – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Münster, Westfalen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мүнстер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мүнстер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monasterium_(Germania)" title="Monasterium (Germania) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Monasterium (Germania)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minstere" title="Minstere – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Minstere" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miunsteris" title="Miunsteris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miunsteris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6nster" title="Mönster – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mönster" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(DE-NW)" title="Münster (DE-NW) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Münster (DE-NW)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(%C3%89szak-Rajna-Vesztf%C3%A1lia)" title="Münster (Észak-Rajna-Vesztfália) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Münster (Észak-Rajna-Vesztfália)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Минстер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Минстер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC" title="മ്വെൺസ്റ്റെർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മ്വെൺസ്റ്റെർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="म्युन्स्टर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="म्युन्स्टर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мюнстер – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мюнстер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(stad)" title="Münster (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Münster (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6nster" title="Mönster – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mönster" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="ミュンスター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミュンスター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Муьнстер – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Муьнстер" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(Vestf%C3%A0lia)" title="Münster (Vestfàlia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Münster (Vestfàlia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="میونسٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میونسٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6nster" title="Mönster – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mönster" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мюнстер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мюнстер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munster" title="Munster – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Munster" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(Vestf%C3%A1lsko)" title="Münster (Vestfálsko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Münster (Vestfálsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1_(%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8E%DA%A9_%D9%84%DB%95_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="مونستەر (شارێک لە ئەڵمانیا) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مونستەر (شارێک لە ئەڵمانیا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Минстер (град) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Минстер (град)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(grad)" title="Münster (grad) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Münster (grad)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мүнстер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мүнстер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="มึนส์เทอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มึนส์เทอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мюнстер – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мюнстер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мюнстер – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Мюнстер" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мюнстер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мюнстер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="میونسٹر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میونسٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(Nol%C3%BCdarin%C3%A4n%E2%B8%97Vesfal%C3%A4n)" title="Münster (Nolüdarinän⸗Vesfalän) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Münster (Nolüdarinän⸗Vesfalän)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="明斯特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="明斯特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E6%96%AF%E9%81%94" title="蒙斯達 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蒙斯達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Münster" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="明斯特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="明斯特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=M%C3%BCnster&params=51_57_45_N_07_37_32_E_type:city(322904)_region:DE-NW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°57′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">07°37′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.96250°N 7.62556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.96250; 7.62556</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in North Rhine-Westphalia. For the town in Lower Saxony, see <a href="/wiki/Munster,_Lower_Saxony" title="Munster, Lower Saxony">Munster, Lower Saxony</a>. For other places with the same or similar names, see <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Münster (disambiguation)">Münster (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Münster </span></div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><small><span title="Westphalian-language text"><i lang="wep">Mönster</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Westphalian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Westphalian language">Westphalian</a>)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial view of Münster"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg/268px-Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg/402px-Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg/536px-Muenster_Innenstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Aerial view of Münster</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:178px;max-width:178px"><div style="height:132px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambertibeinacht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lambertibeinacht.jpg/176px-Lambertibeinacht.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lambertibeinacht.jpg/264px-Lambertibeinacht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lambertibeinacht.jpg/352px-Lambertibeinacht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/St_Lambert%27s_Church,_M%C3%BCnster" title="St Lambert's Church, Münster">St Lambert's Church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div style="height:132px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BCnster_Rathaus_des_Westf%C3%A4lischen_Friedens_19.08.20_JM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/M%C3%BCnster_Rathaus_des_Westf%C3%A4lischen_Friedens_19.08.20_JM.jpg/88px-M%C3%BCnster_Rathaus_des_Westf%C3%A4lischen_Friedens_19.08.20_JM.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/M%C3%BCnster_Rathaus_des_Westf%C3%A4lischen_Friedens_19.08.20_JM.jpg/132px-M%C3%BCnster_Rathaus_des_Westf%C3%A4lischen_Friedens_19.08.20_JM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/M%C3%BCnster_Rathaus_des_Westf%C3%A4lischen_Friedens_19.08.20_JM.jpg/176px-M%C3%BCnster_Rathaus_des_Westf%C3%A4lischen_Friedens_19.08.20_JM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Historical_City_Hall_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Historical City Hall of Münster">Historical City Hall</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG/268px-MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG" decoding="async" width="268" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG/402px-MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG/536px-MuensterPrinzipalmarkt09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Prinzipalmarkt" title="Prinzipalmarkt">Prinzipalmarkt</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_M%C3%BCnster_(Westfalen).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Münster"><img alt="Flag of Münster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_M%C3%BCnster_%28Westfalen%29.svg/100px-Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_M%C3%BCnster_%28Westfalen%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_M%C3%BCnster_%28Westfalen%29.svg/150px-Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_M%C3%BCnster_%28Westfalen%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_M%C3%BCnster_%28Westfalen%29.svg/200px-Flagge_der_kreisfreien_Stadt_M%C3%BCnster_%28Westfalen%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Münster"><img alt="Coat of arms of Münster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg/64px-DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg/96px-DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg/128px-DEU_M%C3%BCnster_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="896" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Münster</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_6b314e9fd120c5ec116ddc4435ef9054ff3a6f2f"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=M%C3%BCnster&revid=1257507949&groups=_6b314e9fd120c5ec116ddc4435ef9054ff3a6f2f" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=M%C3%BCnster&revid=1257507949&groups=_6b314e9fd120c5ec116ddc4435ef9054ff3a6f2f 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Münster is located in Germany"><img alt="Münster is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.715%;left:21.256%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Münster"><img alt="Münster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Münster </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Münster is located in North Rhine-Westphalia"><img alt="Münster is located in North Rhine-Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/250px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/375px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/500px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="524" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.352%;left:49.124%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Münster"><img alt="Münster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Münster </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=M%C3%BCnster&params=51_57_45_N_07_37_32_E_type:city(322904)_region:DE-NW"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°57′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">07°37′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.96250°N 7.62556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.96250; 7.62556</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Admin. region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Münster</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">793</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–25) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Markus Lewe<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing parties</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a> / <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> / <a href="/wiki/Volt_Germany" title="Volt Germany">Volt</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">302.89 km<sup>2</sup> (116.95 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">60 m (200 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">322,904</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,100/km<sup>2</sup> (2,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">48143–48167</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0251<br /><small> 02501 (Hiltrup, Amelsbüren)<br /> 02506 (Wolbeck, Angelmodde)<br /> 02533 (<a href="/wiki/Nienberge" title="Nienberge">Nienberge</a>)<br /> 02534 (Roxel)<br /> 02536 (Albachten)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">MS</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muenster.de/en/">www.muenster.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Münster</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈmʏnstɐ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/35\/De-M%C3%BCnster.ogg\/De-M%C3%BCnster.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-M\u00fcnster.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/De-M%C3%BCnster.ogg/De-M%C3%BCnster.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-M%C3%BCnster.ogg" title="File:De-Münster.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Westphalian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Westphalian language">Westphalian</a>: <i lang="wep">Mönster</i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Independent_city#Germany" title="Independent city">independent city</a> (<i>Kreisfreie Stadt</i>) in <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. It is in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a> region. It is also a <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">state district</a> capital. Münster was the location of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Münster Rebellion">Anabaptist rebellion</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> and the site of the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Westphalia">Treaty of Westphalia</a> ending the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> in 1648. Today, it is known as the bicycle capital of Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Münster gained the status of a <i>Großstadt</i> (major city) with more than 100,000 inhabitants in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-Münster1900-1945_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münster1900-1945-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are 300,000<sup id="cite_ref-Pop2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pop2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> people living in the city, with about 61,500 students,<sup id="cite_ref-Stud2017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stud2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only some of whom are recorded in the official population statistics as having their <a href="/wiki/Primary_residence" title="Primary residence">primary residence</a> in Münster. Münster is a part of the international <a href="/wiki/EUREGIO" title="EUREGIO">Euregio</a> region with more than 1,000,000 inhabitants (<a href="/wiki/Enschede" title="Enschede">Enschede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hengelo" title="Hengelo">Hengelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gronau,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Gronau, North Rhine-Westphalia">Gronau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="History of Münster">History of Münster</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Timeline of Münster">Timeline of Münster</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 793, <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> sent out <a href="/wiki/Ludger" title="Ludger">Ludger</a> as a missionary to evangelise the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Münsterland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münster793-1800-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 797, Ludger founded a school that later became the Cathedral School.<sup id="cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münster793-1800-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_Paulinum" title="Gymnasium Paulinum">Gymnasium Paulinum</a> traces its history back to this school.<sup id="cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münster793-1800-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ludger was ordained as the first <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_M%C3%BCnster" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Münster">bishop of Münster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münster793-1800-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first cathedral was completed by 850.<sup id="cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münster793-1800-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combination of <a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">ford</a> and crossroad, market place, episcopal administrative centre, library and school, established Münster as an important centre.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1040, <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Heinrich III</a> became the first king of Germany to visit Münster.<sup id="cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münster793-1800-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages_and_early_modern_period">Middle Ages and early modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle Ages and early modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Prince-Bishopric of Münster">Prince-Bishopric of Münster</a> was a leading member of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münster793-1800-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muenster_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from the south-west of Münster in 1570 as seen by Remigius Hogenberg. On the left is the Überwasserkirche, in the centre is St. Paul's Cathedral and to its right St. Lamberti, and on the far right is the Ludgerikirche."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Muenster_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg/1000px-Muenster_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Muenster_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg/1500px-Muenster_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Muenster_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg/2000px-Muenster_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3353" data-file-height="890" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Muenster_Braun-Hogenberg.jpg" title="File:Muenster Braun-Hogenberg.jpg"> </a></div>View from the south-west of Münster in 1570 as seen by <a href="/wiki/Remigius_Hogenberg" title="Remigius Hogenberg">Remigius Hogenberg</a>. On the left is the <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberwasserkirche" title="Überwasserkirche">Überwasserkirche</a>, in the centre is <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_Cathedral" title="Münster Cathedral">St. Paul's Cathedral</a> and to its right <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lambert%27s_Church,_M%C3%BCnster" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lambert's Church, Münster">St. Lamberti</a>, and on the far right is the Ludgerikirche.</div></div></div> <p>In 1534, an apocalyptic <a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a> sect, led by <a href="/wiki/John_of_Leiden" title="John of Leiden">John of Leiden</a>, took power in the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion" title="Münster rebellion">Münster rebellion</a> and founded a democratic proto-socialistic state. They claimed all property, burned all books except the Bible, and called it the "New Jerusalem". John of Leiden believed he would lead the elect from Münster to capture the entire world and purify it of evil with the sword in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Christ">Second Coming of Christ</a> and the beginning of the Millennium. They went so far as to require all citizens to be naked as preparation for the Second Coming. However, the town was recaptured in 1535; the Anabaptists were tortured to death and their corpses were exhibited in metal baskets, which can still be seen hanging from the tower of <a href="/wiki/St_Lambert%27s_Church,_M%C3%BCnster" title="St Lambert's Church, Münster">St. Lambert's Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münster793-1800-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Part of the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> of 1648 was held in Münster.<sup id="cite_ref-Münsterhistory_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münsterhistory-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ended the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Münsterhistory_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münsterhistory-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also guaranteed the future of the prince-bishop and the diocese; the area was to be exclusively <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th,_19th_and_early_20th_centuries"><span id="18th.2C_19th_and_early_20th_centuries"></span>18th, 19th and early 20th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muenster1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Muenster1.jpg/220px-Muenster1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Muenster1.jpg/330px-Muenster1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Muenster1.jpg/440px-Muenster1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1677" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>Photo of the Prinzipalmarkt in 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>The last outstanding palace of the German baroque period, the <a href="/wiki/Schloss_M%C3%BCnster" title="Schloss Münster">Schloss Münster</a>, was created according to plans by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Conrad_Schlaun" title="Johann Conrad Schlaun">Johann Conrad Schlaun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Münster793-1800-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="University of Münster">University of Münster</a> (called "Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster", WWU, between 1907 and 2023) was established in 1780. It is now a major European centre for excellence in education and research with large faculties in the arts, humanities, theology, sciences, business and law. Currently there are about 40,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students enrolled.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1802 Münster was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. It was also part of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Berg" title="Grand Duchy of Berg">Grand Duchy of Berg</a> between 1806 and 1811 and the <a href="/wiki/Lippe_(department)" title="Lippe (department)">Lippe</a> department of the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> between 1811 and 1813, before returning to Prussian rule. It became the capital of the Prussian <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">province of Westphalia</a>. In 1899 the city's harbour started operations when the city was linked to the <a href="/wiki/Dortmund-Ems_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dortmund-Ems Canal">Dortmund-Ems Canal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MuensterPrinzipalmarkt1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/MuensterPrinzipalmarkt1945.jpg/170px-MuensterPrinzipalmarkt1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/MuensterPrinzipalmarkt1945.jpg/255px-MuensterPrinzipalmarkt1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/MuensterPrinzipalmarkt1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption>Photo of part of the Prinzipalmarkt area around St. Lambert's church in 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1940s the Bishop of Münster, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Clemens_August_Graf_von_Galen" title="Clemens August Graf von Galen">Clemens August Graf von Galen</a>, was one of the most prominent critics of the Nazi government. In retaliation for his success (<i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> described Bishop von Galen as "the most obstinate opponent of the National Socialist anti-Christian program"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Münster was heavily garrisoned during World War II, and five large complexes of barracks are still a feature of the city. Münster was the headquarters (Hauptsitz) for the 6th Military District (Wehrkreis) of the German Wehrmacht, under the command of Infantry General (General der Infanterie) <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Glokke" title="Gerhard Glokke">Gerhard Glokke</a>. Originally made up of <a href="/wiki/Westphalia" title="Westphalia">Westphalia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> it was expanded to include the <a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malmedy" title="Malmedy">Malmedy</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. The headquarters controlled military operations in Münster, <a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coesfeld" title="Coesfeld">Coesfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minden" title="Minden">Minden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detmold" title="Detmold">Detmold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingen">Lingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>. </p><p>Münster was the home station for the <a href="/wiki/VI_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="VI Corps (Germany)">VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/XXIII_Corps_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXIII Corps (Germany)">XXIII Infantry Corps</a> (Armeekorps), as well as the XXXIII and LVI <a href="/wiki/Panzerkorps" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzerkorps">Panzerkorps</a>. Münster was also the home of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Light_Division_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Light Division (Germany)">6th</a>, <a href="/wiki/16th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="16th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">16th</a> and <a href="/wiki/25th_Panzer_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="25th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)">25th Panzer Division</a>; the <a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Panzergrenadier_Division_(Germany)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Panzergrenadier Division (Germany) (page does not exist)">16th</a> <a href="/wiki/Panzergrenadier" title="Panzergrenadier">Panzergrenadier</a> Division; and the <a href="/wiki/6th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="6th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">6th</a>, <a href="/wiki/26th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="26th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">26th</a>, <a href="/wiki/69th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="69th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">69th</a>, <a href="/wiki/86th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="86th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">86th</a>, <a href="/wiki/106th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="106th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">106th</a>, <a href="/wiki/126th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="126th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">126th</a>, <a href="/wiki/196th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="196th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">196th</a>, <a href="/wiki/199th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="199th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">199th</a>, <a href="/wiki/211th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="211th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">211th</a>, <a href="/wiki/227th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="227th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">227th</a>, <a href="/wiki/253rd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="253rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">253rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/254th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="254th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">254th</a>, <a href="/wiki/264th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="264th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">264th</a>, <a href="/wiki/306th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="306th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">306th</a>, <a href="/wiki/326th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="326th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">326th</a>, <a href="/wiki/329th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="329th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">329th</a>, <a href="/wiki/336th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="336th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">336th</a>, <a href="/wiki/371st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="371st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">371st</a>, <a href="/wiki/385th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="385th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">385th</a>, and <a href="/wiki/716th_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="716th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">716th</a> Infantry Divisions (Infanterie-division). </p><p>Münster was the location of the Oflag VI-D <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II">prisoner-of-war camp</a> mostly for <a href="/wiki/French_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="French prisoners of war in World War II">French</a>, but also some Polish and Soviet officers,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a Nazi prison with several <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a> subcamps in the city and other localities.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Allied_air_attacks"></span>A secondary target of the <a href="/wiki/Oil_Campaign_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil Campaign of World War II">Oil Campaign of World War II</a>, Münster was bombed on 25 October 1944 by 34 diverted <a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">B-24 Liberator</a> bombers, during a mission to a nearby primary target, the <a href="/wiki/Scholven_Power_Station" title="Scholven Power Station">Scholven</a>/<a href="/wiki/Buer,_Germany" title="Buer, Germany">Buer</a> synthetic oil plant at Gelsenkirchen. About 63 per cent of the city including 91 per cent of the Old City was destroyed by Allied air raids.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US <a href="/wiki/17th_Airborne_Division_(United_States)" title="17th Airborne Division (United States)">17th Airborne Division</a>, fighting as infantry, attacked Münster with the British <a href="/wiki/6th_Guards_Tank_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="6th Guards Tank Brigade (United Kingdom)">6th Guards Tank Brigade</a> on 2 April 1945 and fought its way into the city centre, which was captured in house-to-house fighting on the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar_period">Postwar period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Postwar period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1946 to 1998, there was a Latvian secondary school in Münster,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1947, one of the largest of about 93 Latvian libraries in the West was established in Münster.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1950s the Old City was rebuilt to match its pre-war state, though many of the surrounding buildings were replaced with cheaper modern structures. It was also for several decades a garrison town for the British forces stationed in West Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-reunification">Post-reunification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-reunification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004, Münster won an honourable distinction: the LivCom-Award for the most livable city in the world with a population between 200,000 and 750,000.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Münster is famous and liked for its bicycle friendliness and for the student character of the city that is due to the influence of its university, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="University of Münster">University of Münster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geographic_position">Geographic position</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geographic position"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EinzugdesGesandten_AdriaenPauw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/EinzugdesGesandten_AdriaenPauw.jpg/220px-EinzugdesGesandten_AdriaenPauw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/EinzugdesGesandten_AdriaenPauw.jpg/330px-EinzugdesGesandten_AdriaenPauw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/EinzugdesGesandten_AdriaenPauw.jpg/440px-EinzugdesGesandten_AdriaenPauw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1319" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gerard_ter_Borch" title="Gerard ter Borch">Gerard ter Borch</a>: Dutch envoy <a href="/wiki/Adriaan_Pauw" title="Adriaan Pauw">Adriaan Pauw</a> enters Münster around 1646 for the peace negotiations resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> (Stadtmuseum Münster)</figcaption></figure> <p>Münster is situated on the river <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnstersche_Aa" title="Münstersche Aa">Aa</a>, approximately 15 kilometres (9 miles) south of its confluence with the <a href="/wiki/Ems_(river)" title="Ems (river)">Ems</a> in the so-called <a href="/wiki/Westphalian_Lowland" title="Westphalian Lowland">Westphalian Bight</a>, a landscape studded with dispersed settlements and farms – the "Münsterland". The <a href="/wiki/Wolstonian_Stage" title="Wolstonian Stage">Wolstonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sediments</a> of the mountain ridge called "Münsterländer Kiessandzug" cross the city from north to south. The highest elevation is the Mühlenberg in the northwest of Münster, 97 metres <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>. The lowest elevation is at the Ems, 44 m <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>. The city centre is 60 m above sea level, measured at the <a href="/wiki/Prinzipalmarkt" title="Prinzipalmarkt">Prinzipalmarkt</a> in front of the historic city hall. </p><p>The Dutch city of <a href="/wiki/Enschede" title="Enschede">Enschede</a> lies about 65 km (40 mi) northwest of Münster. Other major cities nearby include <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a>, about 44 km (27 mi) to the north, <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a>, about 61 km (38 mi) to the south, and <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a>, about 62 km (39 mi) to the east. </p><p>Münster is one of the 42 <a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">agglomeration areas</a> and one of Germany's biggest cities in terms of area. But it includes substantial sparsely-populated rural districts which were formerly separate local government authorities until they were <a href="/wiki/Amalgamation_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalgamation (politics)">amalgamated</a> in 1975. Thus nearly half the city's area is agricultural, resulting in a low population-density of approximately 900 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ModellM%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ModellM%C3%BCnster.jpg/220px-ModellM%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ModellM%C3%BCnster.jpg/330px-ModellM%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ModellM%C3%BCnster.jpg/440px-ModellM%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2151" data-file-height="1119" /></a><figcaption>Bronze model of Münster's city centre</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_picture_of_the_Aasee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/A_picture_of_the_Aasee.jpg/220px-A_picture_of_the_Aasee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/A_picture_of_the_Aasee.jpg/330px-A_picture_of_the_Aasee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/A_picture_of_the_Aasee.jpg/440px-A_picture_of_the_Aasee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Münster's Lake Aa</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_density">Population density</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Population density"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's built-up area is quite extensive. There are no skyscrapers and few high-rise buildings but very many detached houses and mansions. Still the population density reaches about 15,000 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup> in the city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calculating the population density based on the actual populated area results in approximately 2890 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (March 2018)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Münster's urban area of 302.91 square kilometres (116.95 sq mi) is distributed into 57.54 square kilometres (22.22 sq mi) covered with buildings while 0.99 km<sup>2</sup> (0.38 sq mi) are used for maintenance and 25.73 km<sup>2</sup> (9.93 sq mi) for traffic areas, 156.61 km<sup>2</sup> (60.47 sq mi) for agriculture and recreation, 8.91 km<sup>2</sup> (3.44 sq mi) are covered by water, 56.69 km<sup>2</sup> (21.89 sq mi) is forested and 6.23 km<sup>2</sup> (2.41 sq mi) is used otherwise.<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2006_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2006-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18">: 18 </span></sup> The perimeter has a length of 107 kilometres (66 miles), the largest extend of the urban area in north–south direction is 24.4 km (15.2 mi), in east–west direction 20.6 km (12.8 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A well-known saying in Münster is <i>"Entweder es regnet oder es läuten die Glocken. Und wenn beides zusammen fällt, dann ist Sonntag"</i> ("Either it rains or the church bells ring. And if both occur at the same time, it's Sunday."), but in reality the rainfall with approximately 758 mm (29.8 inches) per year is close to the average rainfall in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-weatherDE_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weatherDE-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The perception of Münster as a rain-laden city isn't caused by the absolute amount of rainfall but by the above-average number of rainy days with relatively small amounts of rainfall. The average temperature is 9.4 °C (48.9 °F) with approximately 1500 sun hours per year.<sup id="cite_ref-weatherDE_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weatherDE-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, Münster is in the bottom fifth in comparison with other German cities. The winter in Münster is fairly mild and <a href="/wiki/Snowfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowfall">snowfall</a> is unusual. The temperature during summertime meets the average in Germany. The highest daily rainfall was registered on 28 July 2014: One weather station of the MeteoGroup reported a rainfall of 122.2 L/m<sup>2</sup> (2.50 imp gal/sq ft); the State Environment Agency registered at one of its stations 292 L/m<sup>2</sup> (6.0 imp gal/sq ft) during seven hours.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The record rainfall led to severe flooding throughout the city and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Greven" title="Greven">Greven</a>. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Münster (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_Osnabr%C3%BCck_Airport" title="Münster Osnabrück Airport">Münster Osnabrück Airport</a>) (1991–2020 normals) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.5<br />(2.54) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.2<br />(1.94) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6<br />(1.95) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(1.59) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.8<br />(2.16) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.4<br />(2.50) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.9<br />(2.91) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.5<br />(3.09) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.7<br />(2.70) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.1<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.5<br />(2.42) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.8<br />(2.67) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">735.7<br />(28.96) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2525FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.6 </td> <td style="background: #2929FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.8 </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.2 </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.6 </td> <td style="background: #1C1CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.8 </td> <td style="background: #1313FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.1 </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">188.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000C3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000CD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000BD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #5E5E5E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51.6 </td> <td style="background: #939393; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.3 </td> <td style="background: #B8B854; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.2 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.4 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206.7 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">203.2 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">212.3 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.3 </td> <td style="background: #C5C505; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.2 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.8 </td> <td style="background: #6B6B6B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57.1 </td> <td style="background: #505050; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.2 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD35; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,597.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMO_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjacent_cities_and_districts">Adjacent cities and districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Adjacent cities and districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Münster borders on the following cities and municipalities, named clockwise and beginning in the northwest: <a href="/wiki/Altenberge" title="Altenberge">Altenberge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greven" title="Greven">Greven</a> (<a href="/wiki/Steinfurt_(district)" title="Steinfurt (district)">District of Steinfurt</a>), <a href="/wiki/Telgte" title="Telgte">Telgte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everswinkel" title="Everswinkel">Everswinkel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sendenhorst" title="Sendenhorst">Sendenhorst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drensteinfurt" title="Drensteinfurt">Drensteinfurt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Warendorf_(district)" title="Warendorf (district)">District of Warendorf</a>), as well as <a href="/wiki/Ascheberg" title="Ascheberg">Ascheberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senden" title="Senden">Senden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Havixbeck" title="Havixbeck">Havixbeck</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coesfeld_(district)" title="Coesfeld (district)">District of Coesfeld</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_boroughs">City boroughs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: City boroughs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muenster_(Westfalen)_Stadtbezirke.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Muenster_%28Westfalen%29_Stadtbezirke.png/220px-Muenster_%28Westfalen%29_Stadtbezirke.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Muenster_%28Westfalen%29_Stadtbezirke.png/330px-Muenster_%28Westfalen%29_Stadtbezirke.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Muenster_%28Westfalen%29_Stadtbezirke.png 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Münster administrative districts. The darker parts represent the built-up areas of the city.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is divided into six administrative districts or <a href="/wiki/Stadtbezirk" title="Stadtbezirk">Stadtbezirke</a>: "Mitte" (Middle), "Nord" (North), "Ost" (East), "West", "Süd-Ost" (South-East) and "Hiltrup". Each district is represented by a council of 19 representatives elected in local elections. Heading each council is the district mayor, or <i>Bezirksvorsteher</i>. Every district is subdivided into residential quarters (<i>Wohnbereiche</i>). This official term, however, is not used in common speech, as there are no discrete definitions of the individual quarters. The term "Stadtteil" is used instead, mainly referring to the incorporated communities. The districts are also divided into 45 statistical districts. </p><p>The following list names each district with its residential and additional quarters. These are the official names, which partly differ from the usage in common speech.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muenster%27s_parking_building_for_bicycles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Muenster%27s_parking_building_for_bicycles.jpg/220px-Muenster%27s_parking_building_for_bicycles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Muenster%27s_parking_building_for_bicycles.jpg/330px-Muenster%27s_parking_building_for_bicycles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Muenster%27s_parking_building_for_bicycles.jpg/440px-Muenster%27s_parking_building_for_bicycles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_parking_station" title="Bicycle parking station">Bicycle parking station</a>, located at the Hauptbahnhof</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_Square_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Market_Square_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/220px-Market_Square_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Market_Square_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/330px-Market_Square_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Market_Square_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/440px-Market_Square_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Market Square Münster, Centre</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pablo_Picasso_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pablo_Picasso_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/220px-Pablo_Picasso_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pablo_Picasso_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/330px-Pablo_Picasso_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Pablo_Picasso_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/440px-Pablo_Picasso_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Pablo Picasso Museum Münster, popular for sightseeing tours</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Mitte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Mitte (page does not exist)">Mitte</a></b>: <ul><li>Kernbereich (Centre)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Nord (page does not exist)">Nord</a></b>: <ul><li>Münster-Coerde|Coerde</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster-Kinderhaus" title="Münster-Kinderhaus">Kinderhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Sprakel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Sprakel (page does not exist)">Sprakel</a> with Sandrup</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Ost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Ost (page does not exist)">Ost</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Dyckburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Dyckburg (page does not exist)">Dyckburg</a>, consisting of Mariendorf and Sudmühle</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Gelmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Gelmer (page does not exist)">Gelmer</a> with Gittrup</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Handorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Handorf (page does not exist)">Handorf</a> with Kasewinkel, Kreuzbach, Laer, Dorbaum and Verth on the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Ems_(river)" title="Ems (river)">Ems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Werse" title="Werse">Werse</a></li> <li>Mauritz-Ost and Mondstraße, combined better known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-St._Mauritz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-St. Mauritz (page does not exist)">St. Mauritz</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-West (page does not exist)">West</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Albachten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Albachten (page does not exist)">Albachten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Gievenbeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Gievenbeck (page does not exist)">Gievenbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Mecklenbeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Mecklenbeck (page does not exist)">Mecklenbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nienberge" title="Nienberge">Nienberge</a> with <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster-H%C3%A4ger" class="mw-redirect" title="Münster-Häger">Häger</a>, Schönebeck and <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Uhlenbrock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Uhlenbrock (page does not exist)">Uhlenbrock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Roxel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Roxel (page does not exist)">Roxel</a> with Altenroxel and Oberort</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Sentrup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Sentrup (page does not exist)">Sentruper Höhe</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-S%C3%BCd-Ost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Süd-Ost (page does not exist)">Süd-Ost</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Angelmodde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Angelmodde (page does not exist)">Angelmodde</a> with Hofkamp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremmendorf" title="Gremmendorf">Gremmendorf</a> with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loddenheide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loddenheide (page does not exist)">Loddenheide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Wolbeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Wolbeck (page does not exist)">Wolbeck</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster-Hiltrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Münster-Hiltrup">Hiltrup</a></b>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Amelsb%C3%BCren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Amelsbüren (page does not exist)">Amelsbüren</a> with Sudhoff, Loevelingloh and Wilbrenning</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster-Berg_Fidel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münster-Berg Fidel (page does not exist)">Berg Fidel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster-Hiltrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Münster-Hiltrup">Hiltrup</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>The centre can be subdivided into historically evolved city districts whose borders are not always strictly defined, such as </p> <ul><li>Aaseestadt</li> <li>Erphoviertel</li> <li>Geistviertel</li> <li>Hansaviertel</li> <li>Herz-Jesu-Viertel</li> <li>Kreuzviertel</li> <li>Kuhviertel</li> <li>Mauritzviertel</li> <li>Neutor</li> <li>Pluggendorf</li> <li>Rumphorst</li> <li>Schlossviertel</li> <li>Südviertel</li> <li>Uppenberg</li> <li>Zentrum Nord</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signal-Iduna-Building_M%C3%BCnster_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Signal-Iduna-Building_M%C3%BCnster_%28crop%29.jpg/170px-Signal-Iduna-Building_M%C3%BCnster_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Signal-Iduna-Building_M%C3%BCnster_%28crop%29.jpg/255px-Signal-Iduna-Building_M%C3%BCnster_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Signal-Iduna-Building_M%C3%BCnster_%28crop%29.jpg/340px-Signal-Iduna-Building_M%C3%BCnster_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>Signal-Iduna-Building, Servatiiplatz</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Einwohnerentwicklung_von_M%C3%BCnster.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Einwohnerentwicklung_von_M%C3%BCnster.svg/220px-Einwohnerentwicklung_von_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Einwohnerentwicklung_von_M%C3%BCnster.svg/330px-Einwohnerentwicklung_von_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Einwohnerentwicklung_von_M%C3%BCnster.svg/440px-Einwohnerentwicklung_von_M%C3%BCnster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Population development since 1816</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1816</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,316</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,893</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,222</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,821</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">63,754</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+156.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,254</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+41.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1919</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,452</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1925</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">106,418</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1933</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">122,210</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">141,059</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+15.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">118,889</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−15.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">155,241</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+30.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">182,721</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">200,376</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">198,470</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1976</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">266,083</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+34.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">271,810</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">246,186</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−9.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">259,438</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">267,197</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">289,576</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">303,772</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Source:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (August 2019)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Münster has a population of about 320,000 people. It is the 10th largest city in <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> and the 20th largest city in Germany. It is also the seventh largest German city by area at 303.28 km<sup>2</sup> (117.10 sq mi), and serves as the center of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Münster region</a> (known as Münsterland in German). Considered one of the oldest German cities, Münster has been a major city since approximately 1000 AD. It first reached 100,000 inhabitants in 1948, and the population has continued to grow since the 1980s due to the popularity of the local university. Münster is also known for its bicycles, and some estimates suggest it has more bicycles than people. The city reached a population of 300,000 in 2014.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Number of largest foreign groups in Münster by nationality:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Rank </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Nationality </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Population (31 December 2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>3,478 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>2,365 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>1,885 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>1,735 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>1,636 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>1,343 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>1,105 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>987 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>865 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>738 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Well_at_the_Lambertiplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Well_at_the_Lambertiplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.JPG/220px-Well_at_the_Lambertiplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Well_at_the_Lambertiplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.JPG/330px-Well_at_the_Lambertiplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Well_at_the_Lambertiplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.JPG/440px-Well_at_the_Lambertiplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Lamberti square</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor">Mayor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mayor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_M%C3%BCnster_mayoral_election_(2nd_round).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2020_M%C3%BCnster_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/300px-2020_M%C3%BCnster_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2020_M%C3%BCnster_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/450px-2020_M%C3%BCnster_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2020_M%C3%BCnster_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/600px-2020_M%C3%BCnster_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Results of the second round of the 2020 mayoral election</figcaption></figure> <p>The current mayor of Münster is Markus Lewe of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU), who was elected in 2009 and re-elected in 2015 and 2020. The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th colspan="2">First round </th> <th colspan="2">Second round </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left">Markus Lewe </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> </td> <td>68,817 </td> <td>44.6 </td> <td>69,705 </td> <td>52.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left">Peter Todeskino </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> </td> <td>43,978 </td> <td>28.5 </td> <td>62,824 </td> <td>47.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left">Michael Jung </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>25,170 </td> <td>16.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left">Ulrich Thoden </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> </td> <td>5,200 </td> <td>3.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left">Jörg Berens </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>4,685 </td> <td>3.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left">Roland Scholle </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> </td> <td>2,581 </td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Georgios Tsakalidis </td> <td align="left">Münster List </td> <td>1,975 </td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF6400"> </td> <td align="left">Michael Krapp </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">Ecological Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>1,139 </td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF820A"> </td> <td align="left">Sebastian Kroos </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_Germany" title="Pirate Party Germany">Pirate Party Germany</a> </td> <td>918 </td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Valid votes </th> <th>154,463 </th> <th>99.3 </th> <th>132,529 </th> <th>99.5 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Invalid votes </th> <th>1,132 </th> <th>0.7 </th> <th>636 </th> <th>0.5 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th>155,595 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th>133,165 </th> <th>100.0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>247,189 </th> <th>62.9 </th> <th>247,097 </th> <th>53.9 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/aktuell/b515000kw2000.shtml">State Returning Officer</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_council">City council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: City council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_M%C3%BCnster_City_Council_election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2020_M%C3%BCnster_City_Council_election.svg/300px-2020_M%C3%BCnster_City_Council_election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2020_M%C3%BCnster_City_Council_election.svg/450px-2020_M%C3%BCnster_City_Council_election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2020_M%C3%BCnster_City_Council_election.svg/600px-2020_M%C3%BCnster_City_Council_election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1273" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Results of the 2020 city council election</figcaption></figure> <p>The Münster city council governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU) </td> <td>50,465 </td> <td>32.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.5 </td> <td>22 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (Grüne) </td> <td>46,696 </td> <td>30.3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 10.1 </td> <td>20 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) </td> <td>27,163 </td> <td>17.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.4 </td> <td>12 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (Die Linke) </td> <td>7,539 </td> <td>4.9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP) </td> <td>7,104 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#502379"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Europa#Germany" title="Volt Europa">Volt Germany</a> (Volt) </td> <td>4,032 </td> <td>2.6 </td> <td>New </td> <td>2 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) </td> <td>3,399 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> (PARTEI) </td> <td>3,196 </td> <td>2.1 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF6400"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">Ecological Democratic Party</a> (ÖDP) </td> <td>1,876 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Munster List (Münsterliste) </td> <td>1,848 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td>New </td> <td>1 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF820A"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_Germany" title="Pirate Party Germany">Pirate Party Germany</a> (Piraten) </td> <td>959 </td> <td>0.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Modern Social Party (MSP) </td> <td>71 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Valid votes </th> <th>154,348 </th> <th>99.2 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Invalid votes </th> <th>1,273 </th> <th>0.8 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th>155,621 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th>66 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>247,189 </th> <th>63.0 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.3 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/aktuell/a515000kw2000.shtml">State Returning Officer</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Representation">Representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Münster forms its own <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(electoral_district)" title="Münster (electoral district)">Electoral district</a> (No. 129) for elections on a national level. Due to <a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Germany" title="Electoral system of Germany">Germany's mixture of a direct and a proportional electoral system</a> Münster sends a directly elected member into the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> as well as other politicians have the chance to qualify via their <a href="/wiki/Electoral_list" title="Electoral list">party's state-wide list</a>. As for the <a href="/wiki/2021_German_federal_election" title="2021 German federal election">2021 German federal election</a> health politician <a href="/wiki/Maria_Klein-Schmeink" title="Maria Klein-Schmeink">Maria Klein-Schmeink</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">The Greens</a>) won the districts seat in the Bundestag with 32.3% of the personal vote.<sup id="cite_ref-bundeswahlleiter.de_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bundeswahlleiter.de-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Defeated candidates, former member of the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia">Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nacke" title="Stefan Nacke">Stefan Nacke</a> (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a>/26.2%)<sup id="cite_ref-bundeswahlleiter.de_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bundeswahlleiter.de-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and former <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_for_the_Environment,_Nature_Conservation,_Nuclear_Safety_and_Consumer_Protection" title="Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection">environment minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Svenja_Schulze" title="Svenja Schulze">Svenja Schulze</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>/24.1%) both became members of the <a href="/wiki/20th_Bundestag" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Bundestag">20th Bundestag</a> via their parties' lists.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Svenja Schulze entered the new <a href="/wiki/Scholz_cabinet" title="Scholz cabinet">Scholz cabinet</a> regaining a position as minister, this time in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_for_Economic_Cooperation_and_Development" title="Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development">Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the state level Münster was divided into two constituencies up until the <a href="/wiki/2017_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election" title="2017 North Rhine-Westphalia state election">2017 North Rhine-Westphalia state election</a>. The election system of state elections mirrors that of national elections. During the legislative period of <a href="/wiki/Laschet_cabinet" title="Laschet cabinet">Laschet cabinet</a> redistricting resulted in Münster now being split up into three constituencies, two of which now also include some surrounding <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipalities</a>. The 2017 election saw both CDU candidates Stefan Nacke and Simone Wendland winning their seat via the constituency.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Via party lists <a href="/wiki/Svenja_Schulze" title="Svenja Schulze">Svenja Schulze</a> (SPD) and Josefine Paul (The Greens) entered the Landtag.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Nacke and Schulze both changed into federal politics, Münster is left with only two representatives in the Landtag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Greater Münster is home to many industries such as those of public authorities, consulting companies, insurance companies, banks, computer centres, publishing houses, advertising and design.<sup id="cite_ref-MünsterEconomy_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MünsterEconomy-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The service sector has created several thousand jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-MünsterEconomy_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MünsterEconomy-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Retailers have approximately 1.9 billion euro turnover.<sup id="cite_ref-MünsterEconomy_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MünsterEconomy-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city still has traditional merchants' townhouses as well as modern outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-MünsterEconomy_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MünsterEconomy-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Entrepreneurship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Münster's wealth was underpinned by wealthy merchant families such as the Merfelders, Rüschkamps, and Berens. Berens Bank was founded in 1630 in Münster, Germany, by <b>Hermann Berens</b>. Berens was a successful merchant and banker, and he founded the bank to provide financial services to other businesses and individuals in the city. The Berens family lived in a large house on Roggenmarkt, known as the Berenshof. The Berens interests inclused textiles and grain. </p><p>The job market situation in Münster is "comparatively good".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the approximately 130,000 employees subject to social insurance contribution more than 80% work in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector">tertiary sector</a>, about 17% work in the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sector">secondary sector</a> and 1% work in the <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sector">primary sector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2006_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2006-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 95">: 95 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muenster_Schloss_4256.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Muenster_Schloss_4256.jpg/220px-Muenster_Schloss_4256.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Muenster_Schloss_4256.jpg/330px-Muenster_Schloss_4256.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Muenster_Schloss_4256.jpg/440px-Muenster_Schloss_4256.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Main administration building of <a href="/wiki/University_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="University of Münster">University of Münster</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schlossgarten_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Schlossgarten_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg/220px-Schlossgarten_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Schlossgarten_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg/330px-Schlossgarten_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Schlossgarten_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg/440px-Schlossgarten_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Botanic Garden</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krameramtshaus_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Krameramtshaus_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/220px-Krameramtshaus_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Krameramtshaus_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/330px-Krameramtshaus_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Krameramtshaus_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/440px-Krameramtshaus_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Krameramtshaus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany,_Nordrhein-Westfalen,_M%C3%BCnster_(1),_Erbdrostenhof.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Germany%2C_Nordrhein-Westfalen%2C_M%C3%BCnster_%281%29%2C_Erbdrostenhof.JPG/220px-Germany%2C_Nordrhein-Westfalen%2C_M%C3%BCnster_%281%29%2C_Erbdrostenhof.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Germany%2C_Nordrhein-Westfalen%2C_M%C3%BCnster_%281%29%2C_Erbdrostenhof.JPG/330px-Germany%2C_Nordrhein-Westfalen%2C_M%C3%BCnster_%281%29%2C_Erbdrostenhof.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Germany%2C_Nordrhein-Westfalen%2C_M%C3%BCnster_%281%29%2C_Erbdrostenhof.JPG/440px-Germany%2C_Nordrhein-Westfalen%2C_M%C3%BCnster_%281%29%2C_Erbdrostenhof.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Erbdrostenhof_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbdrostenhof Palace">Erbdrostenhof Palace</a>, birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" title="Mary of the Divine Heart">Blessed Mary of the Divine Heart</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BCnster%27s_town_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M%C3%BCnster%27s_town_museum.jpg/220px-M%C3%BCnster%27s_town_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M%C3%BCnster%27s_town_museum.jpg/330px-M%C3%BCnster%27s_town_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M%C3%BCnster%27s_town_museum.jpg/440px-M%C3%BCnster%27s_town_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>City Museum Münster</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BCnster,_LVM,_B%C3%BCrogeb%C3%A4ude_--_2013_--_5149-51.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/M%C3%BCnster%2C_LVM%2C_B%C3%BCrogeb%C3%A4ude_--_2013_--_5149-51.jpg/220px-M%C3%BCnster%2C_LVM%2C_B%C3%BCrogeb%C3%A4ude_--_2013_--_5149-51.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/M%C3%BCnster%2C_LVM%2C_B%C3%BCrogeb%C3%A4ude_--_2013_--_5149-51.jpg/330px-M%C3%BCnster%2C_LVM%2C_B%C3%BCrogeb%C3%A4ude_--_2013_--_5149-51.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/M%C3%BCnster%2C_LVM%2C_B%C3%BCrogeb%C3%A4ude_--_2013_--_5149-51.jpg/440px-M%C3%BCnster%2C_LVM%2C_B%C3%BCrogeb%C3%A4ude_--_2013_--_5149-51.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4111" data-file-height="2741" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/LVM_Versicherung" class="extiw" title="de:LVM Versicherung">LVM Insurance</a><br /> ("Villa Kunterbunt")</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_Cathedral" title="Münster Cathedral">St. Paul's Cathedral</a>, built in the 13th century in a mixture of late Romanesque and early Gothic styles. It was completely restored after World War II. It includes an <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_clock" title="Astronomical clock">astronomical clock</a> of 1540, adorned with hand-painted zodiac symbols, which traces the movement of the planets, and plays a <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">Glockenspiel</a> tune every noon.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Prinzipalmarkt" title="Prinzipalmarkt">Prinzipalmarkt</a></i>, the main shopping street in the city centre with the Gothic <a href="/wiki/Historical_City_Hall_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Historical City Hall of Münster">city hall</a> (14th century) in which the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> treaty which put an end to the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> was signed in 1648. Immediately north of the <i>Prinzipalmarkt</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Roggenmarkt_(M%C3%BCnster)" title="Roggenmarkt (Münster)"><i>Roggenmarkt</i></a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Lambert%27s_Church,_M%C3%BCnster" title="St Lambert's Church, Münster">St Lambert's Church</a> (1375), with three cages hanging from its tower above the clock face. In 1535 these cages were used to display the corpses of <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan van Leiden">Jan van Leiden</a> and other leaders of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Münster Rebellion">Münster Rebellion</a>, who promoted polygamy and renunciation of all property.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberwasserkirche" title="Überwasserkirche">Überwasserkirche</a>, a Gothic hall church consecrated in 1340 as church of a Stift which grew to be the University of Münster</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Schloss_M%C3%BCnster" title="Schloss Münster">Schloss</a> (palace), built in 1767–87 as residence for the prince-bishops by the Baroque architect Johann Conrad Schlaun and Wilhelm Ferdinand Lipper. Now the administrative centre for the University.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Botanischer_Garten_M%C3%BCnster" title="Botanischer Garten Münster">Botanischer Garten Münster</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> founded in 1803</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Zwinger_(M%C3%BCnster)" title="Zwinger (Münster)">Zwinger</a> fortress built in 1528. Used from the 18th to the 20th century as a prison. During World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> also used the Zwinger for executions</li> <li>"Krameramtshaus" (1589), an old guild house, which housed the delegation from the Netherlands during the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a></li> <li>Stadthaus (1773)</li> <li>Haus Rüschhaus (1743–49), a country estate situated in <a href="/wiki/Nienberge" title="Nienberge">Nienberge</a>, built by Johann Conrad Schlaun for himself</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erbdrostenhof" title="Erbdrostenhof">Erbdrostenhof</a> (1749–53), a Baroque palace, also built by Schlaun, residence of <a href="/wiki/Droste-Vischering" class="mw-redirect" title="Droste-Vischering">Droste zu Vischering</a> noble family and birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" title="Mary of the Divine Heart">Blessed Mary of the Divine Heart</a>.</li> <li>Clemenskirche (1745–53), a Baroque church, also built by Schlaun</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Church,_M%C3%BCnster" title="Holy Cross Church, Münster">Kreuzkirche</a>, a Gothic-revival church</li> <li>Signal-Iduna Building (1961), the first high-rise building in Münster</li> <li>LVM-Building, high-rise building near the Aasee</li> <li>LBS-Building, location of Münster's first zoo. Some old structures of the former zoo can be found in the park around the office building. Also the "Tuckesburg", the strange-looking house of the zoo's founder, is still intact.</li> <li>"Münster Arkaden" (2006), new shopping centre between Prinzipalmarkt and the Pablo Picasso Museum of Graphic Art</li> <li>"Cavete", the oldest academic pub in Münster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westphalian_State_Museum_of_Art_and_Cultural_History" title="Westphalian State Museum of Art and Cultural History">Westphalian State Museum of Art and Cultural History</a></li> <li>University Bible museum</li> <li>Buddenturm – a former city water tower built about 1150 as a defence tower and now fitted with windows, is near the largest aggregation of pubs in the city</li> <li>City Museum ("Stadtmuseum"), exhibition of a large collection showing the political and cultural history of the city from its beginning up to present, housed by a converted former department store</li> <li>University Mineralogical Museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westphalian_Horse_Museum" title="Westphalian Horse Museum">Westphalian Horse Museum</a> ("Hippomax")</li> <li>Mühlenhof open-air museum, depicting a typical Westphalian village as it looked centuries ago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westf%C3%A4lische_Museum_f%C3%BCr_Naturkunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Westfälische Museum für Naturkunde">Westphalian Museum for Natural History</a>, state museum and planetarium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Lacquer_Art" title="Museum of Lacquer Art">Museum of Lacquer Art</a> (founded and operated by the company <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a> Coatings)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pablo_Picasso_Museum_of_Graphic_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pablo Picasso Museum of Graphic Art (page does not exist)">Pablo Picasso Museum of Graphic Art</a>, the only museum devoted exclusively to the graphic works of <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinkus_M%C3%BCller" title="Pinkus Müller">Pinkus Müller</a>, the only brewery left in Münster; originally there were more than 150.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiepenkerl_Statue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiepenkerl Statue (page does not exist)">Kiepenkerl Statue</a> in Kiepenkerl Square</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Münster is home to many institutions of higher education, including the <a href="/wiki/University_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="University of Münster">University of Münster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule_M%C3%BCnster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fachhochschule Münster">University of Applied Sciences</a>. The city also has 92 primary and secondary education schools. The city had 61,441 students in 2015/16.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are couple of public and private vocational colleges in the city of Münster<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Public vocational colleges </p> <ul><li>Adolph-Kolping-Berufskolleg</li> <li>Anne Frank Vocational College</li> <li>Hans-Böckler-Berufskolleg</li> <li>Hansa-Berufskolleg</li> <li>Ludwig-Erhard-Berufskolleg</li> <li>Wilhelm-Emmanuel-von-Ketteler-Berufskolleg</li></ul> <p>Private vocational colleges </p> <ul><li>Technical School for Agricultural Economics, Münster</li> <li>Cooperative Vocational College (GenoKolleg)</li> <li>Hildegardisschule, vocational college in the diocese of Münster</li> <li>Timmermeister-Berufskolleg</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Promenade_Muenster_2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Promenade_Muenster_2013.JPG/220px-Promenade_Muenster_2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Promenade_Muenster_2013.JPG/330px-Promenade_Muenster_2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Promenade_Muenster_2013.JPG/440px-Promenade_Muenster_2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>"Promenade" in the summer</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_Osnabr%C3%BCck_Airport" title="Münster Osnabrück Airport">Münster Osnabrück Airport</a> serves the city of Münster. The airport provides flights to European destinations mostly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicycling">Bicycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bicycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Münster claims to be the bicycle capital of Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It states that in 2007, vehicle traffic (36.4%) fell below traffic by bicycle (37.6%),<sup id="cite_ref-BicyclesMünster_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BicyclesMünster-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though it is unclear how such a figure is defined. The city maintains an extensive network for bicycles including the popular "Promenade" which encircles Münster's city centre. While motorised vehicles are banned, there are paths for pedestrians. Additional <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_paths" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle paths">bicycle paths</a> link all city districts with the inner city and special traffic lights provide signals for bicyclists.<sup id="cite_ref-BicyclesMünster_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BicyclesMünster-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bicycle stations in Münster offer bicycle rentals.<sup id="cite_ref-BicyclesMünster_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BicyclesMünster-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Train">Train</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Train"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_Hauptbahnhof" title="Münster Hauptbahnhof">Münster's Central Station</a> is on the <a href="/wiki/Wanne-Eickel%E2%80%93Hamburg_railway" title="Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg railway">Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg railway</a>. The city is connected by <a href="/wiki/Intercity_(Deutsche_Bahn)" title="Intercity (Deutsche Bahn)">Intercity trains</a> to many other major cities in Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, Münster had a historic <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_M%C3%BCnster" title="Trams in Münster">tramway system</a>, but it closed in 1954. Today, Münster does have some public transportation, which includes bus expresses,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sightseeing buses,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "waterbuses",<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lime_(transportation_company)" title="Lime (transportation company)">Lime scooters</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and bicycle rentals.<sup id="cite_ref-BicyclesMünster_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BicyclesMünster-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the largest German city without a U-Bahn or an S-Bahn system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is home to <a href="/wiki/SC_Preu%C3%9Fen_M%C3%BCnster" title="SC Preußen Münster">Preußen Münster</a>, which was founded on 30 April 1906. The main section is football, and the team plays at <a href="/wiki/Preu%C3%9Fenstadion" title="Preußenstadion">Preußenstadion</a>. Other important sports teams include the USC Münster e.V. volleyball club. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Uni_Baskets_M%C3%BCnster" title="Uni Baskets Münster">Uni Baskets Münster</a> is the city's professional basketball team.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Home games are at Sporthalle Berg Fidel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="British_forces">British forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: British forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Germany" title="British Forces Germany">British Forces Germany</a></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Münster became a major station within <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck_Garrison" title="Osnabrück Garrison">Osnabrück Garrison</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Germany" title="British Forces Germany">British Forces Germany</a>. Their presence was gradually reduced, yet there are still many active military bases. The last forces left Münster on 4 July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Münster is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, England, United Kingdom (1958)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a>, France (1960)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kristiansand" title="Kristiansand">Kristiansand</a>, Norway (1967)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>, Tunisia (1969)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a>, Israel (1981)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a>, United States (1986)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a>, Russia (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a>, Germany (1990)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, Poland (1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Enschede" title="Enschede">Enschede</a>, Netherlands (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Droste-H%C3%BClshoff_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Droste-H%C3%BClshoff_2.jpg/120px-Droste-H%C3%BClshoff_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Droste-H%C3%BClshoff_2.jpg/180px-Droste-H%C3%BClshoff_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Droste-H%C3%BClshoff_2.jpg/240px-Droste-H%C3%BClshoff_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1926" data-file-height="2381" /></a><figcaption>Annette von Droste-Hülshoff, 1838</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Droste_zu_Vischering.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Maria_Droste_zu_Vischering.jpg/120px-Maria_Droste_zu_Vischering.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Maria_Droste_zu_Vischering.jpg/180px-Maria_Droste_zu_Vischering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Maria_Droste_zu_Vischering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Maria Droste zu Vischering</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ketteler,_Wilhelm_Emanuel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ketteler%2C_Wilhelm_Emanuel.jpg/120px-Ketteler%2C_Wilhelm_Emanuel.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ketteler%2C_Wilhelm_Emanuel.jpg/180px-Ketteler%2C_Wilhelm_Emanuel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ketteler%2C_Wilhelm_Emanuel.jpg/240px-Ketteler%2C_Wilhelm_Emanuel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler, bishop of Mainz</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GuntherPlaut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/GuntherPlaut.jpg/120px-GuntherPlaut.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/GuntherPlaut.jpg/180px-GuntherPlaut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/GuntherPlaut.jpg/240px-GuntherPlaut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a><figcaption>Gunther Plaut</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Veghe" title="Johannes Veghe">Johannes Veghe</a> (c. 1435–1504), religious writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Nicholis" title="Henry Nicholis">Henry Nicholis</a> (ca.1501 – ca.1580), a German mystic, founded <i><a href="/wiki/Familia_Caritatis" title="Familia Caritatis">Familia Caritatis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Bernhard_Verspoell" title="Christoph Bernhard Verspoell">Christoph Bernhard Verspoell</a> (1743–1818), priest and publisher of an influential hymnal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_August_Droste_zu_Vischering" title="Clemens August Droste zu Vischering">Clemens August Droste zu Vischering</a> (1773–1845), <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Cologne" title="Archbishop of Cologne">Archbishop of Cologne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Depping" title="Georges Depping">Georges Depping</a> (1784–1853), German-French historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_von_Droste-H%C3%BClshoff" title="Annette von Droste-Hülshoff">Annette von Droste-Hülshoff</a> (1797–1848), noble and poet.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Emmanuel_von_Ketteler" title="Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler">Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler</a> (1811–1877), theologian and politician, Bishop of <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Melchers" title="Paul Melchers">Paul Melchers</a> (1813–1895), Cardinal and Archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Weydemeyer" title="Joseph Weydemeyer">Joseph Weydemeyer</a> (1818–1866), military officer, journalist, politician and Marxist revolutionary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Wittich" title="Ludwig von Wittich">Ludwig von Wittich</a> (1818–1884), Prussian lieutenant general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Forckenbeck" title="Max von Forckenbeck">Max von Forckenbeck</a> (1821–1892), National Liberal politician, mayor of Wroclaw and Berlin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Altum" title="Bernard Altum">Bernard Altum</a> (1824–1900), zoologist, ornithologist and forest scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabet_Ney" title="Elisabet Ney">Elisabet Ney</a> (1833–1907), sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Kluck" title="Alexander von Kluck">Alexander von Kluck</a> (1846–1934), German general, World War I</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Kopfermann" title="Albert Kopfermann">Albert Kopfermann</a> (1846–1914), musicologist and librarian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" title="Mary of the Divine Heart">Mary of the Divine Heart Droste zu Vischering</a> (1863–1899), noble and nun beatified by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schuhmann" title="Carl Schuhmann">Carl Schuhmann</a> (1869–1946), gymnast and wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Flechtheim" title="Alfred Flechtheim">Alfred Flechtheim</a> (1878–1937), art dealer, art collector, journalist, and publisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_August_Graf_von_Galen" title="Clemens August Graf von Galen">Clemens August Graf von Galen</a> (1878–1946), cardinal, Bishop of Münster, beatified by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich-Carl_Rabe_von_Pappenheim" title="Friedrich-Carl Rabe von Pappenheim">Friedrich-Carl Rabe von Pappenheim</a> (1894–1977), general in the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> of Nazi Germany and war criminal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Gerstein" title="Kurt Gerstein">Kurt Gerstein</a> (1905–1945), <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunther_Plaut" title="Gunther Plaut">Gunther Plaut</a> (1912–2012), Reform rabbi and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moondog" title="Moondog">Moondog</a> (1916–1999), musician, composer, theoretician, poet, and inventor of musical instruments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dregger" title="Alfred Dregger">Alfred Dregger</a> (1920–2002), politician and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Democratic Union (Germany)">CDU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Duesberg" title="Peter Duesberg">Peter Duesberg</a> (born 1936), virologist who discovered the first retrovirus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Sieger" title="Dieter Sieger">Dieter Sieger</a> (born 1938), shipbuilder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Lukas-Kindermann" title="Heinz Lukas-Kindermann">Heinz Lukas-Kindermann</a> (born 1939), opera director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detlev_J%C3%B6cker" title="Detlev Jöcker">Detlev Jöcker</a> (born 1951), composer, singer and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tz_Alsmann" title="Götz Alsmann">Götz Alsmann</a> (born 1957), television presenter, musician, and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Dombret" title="Andreas Dombret">Andreas Dombret</a> (born 1960), board member of German central bank <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbank" title="Deutsche Bundesbank">Deutsche Bundesbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monika_Gr%C3%BCtters" title="Monika Grütters">Monika Grütters</a> (born 1962), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_Lemper" title="Ute Lemper">Ute Lemper</a> (born 1963), cabaret singer and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Dohr" title="Stefan Dohr">Stefan Dohr</a> (born 1965), French horn player, current principal horn of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic" title="Berlin Philharmonic">Berlin Philharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Jauch" title="Günther Jauch">Günther Jauch</a> (born 13 July 1965) entertainer, journalist, and tv moderator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanita_Tikaram" title="Tanita Tikaram">Tanita Tikaram</a> (born 1969), British singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthold_Warnecke" title="Berthold Warnecke">Berthold Warnecke</a> (born 1971), dramaturge and opera director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franka_Potente" title="Franka Potente">Franka Potente</a> (born 1974), German actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Maria_Kretschmer" title="Guido Maria Kretschmer">Guido Maria Kretschmer</a> (Born 11 May 1975), designer and tv moderator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Gerdemann" title="Linus Gerdemann">Linus Gerdemann</a> (born 1982), cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_H%C3%B6ing" title="Jens Höing">Jens Höing</a> (born 1987), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Dierkes" title="Esther Dierkes">Esther Dierkes</a> (born 1990), opera singer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MuensterRathausSendschwert2800.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Symbolic sword, old city hall"><img alt="Symbolic sword, old city hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MuensterRathausSendschwert2800.jpg/120px-MuensterRathausSendschwert2800.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MuensterRathausSendschwert2800.jpg/180px-MuensterRathausSendschwert2800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/MuensterRathausSendschwert2800.jpg/240px-MuensterRathausSendschwert2800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Symbolic sword, old city hall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BCnster_-_Hauptbahnhof_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hauptbahnhof, Centre"><img alt="Hauptbahnhof, Centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M%C3%BCnster_-_Hauptbahnhof_%282%29.jpg/120px-M%C3%BCnster_-_Hauptbahnhof_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M%C3%BCnster_-_Hauptbahnhof_%282%29.jpg/180px-M%C3%BCnster_-_Hauptbahnhof_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M%C3%BCnster_-_Hauptbahnhof_%282%29.jpg/240px-M%C3%BCnster_-_Hauptbahnhof_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hauptbahnhof, Centre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_to_the_underground_bicycle_station_M%C3%BCnster_oppsite_the_railway_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance bicycle station opposite the old railway station"><img alt="Entrance bicycle station opposite the old railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Entrance_to_the_underground_bicycle_station_M%C3%BCnster_oppsite_the_railway_station.jpg/120px-Entrance_to_the_underground_bicycle_station_M%C3%BCnster_oppsite_the_railway_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Entrance_to_the_underground_bicycle_station_M%C3%BCnster_oppsite_the_railway_station.jpg/180px-Entrance_to_the_underground_bicycle_station_M%C3%BCnster_oppsite_the_railway_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Entrance_to_the_underground_bicycle_station_M%C3%BCnster_oppsite_the_railway_station.jpg/240px-Entrance_to_the_underground_bicycle_station_M%C3%BCnster_oppsite_the_railway_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance bicycle station opposite the old railway station</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muenster_Promenade_6457.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Promenade in autumn"><img alt="Promenade in autumn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Muenster_Promenade_6457.jpg/120px-Muenster_Promenade_6457.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Muenster_Promenade_6457.jpg/180px-Muenster_Promenade_6457.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Muenster_Promenade_6457.jpg/240px-Muenster_Promenade_6457.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Promenade in autumn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marienplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marienplatz Münster Centre"><img alt="Marienplatz Münster Centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Marienplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg/120px-Marienplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Marienplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg/180px-Marienplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Marienplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg/240px-Marienplatz_M%C3%BCnster_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Marienplatz Münster Centre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Apollo_cinema_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Apollo cinema, Marienplatz"><img alt="Old Apollo cinema, Marienplatz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Former_Apollo_cinema_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/120px-Former_Apollo_cinema_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Former_Apollo_cinema_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/180px-Former_Apollo_cinema_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Former_Apollo_cinema_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/240px-Former_Apollo_cinema_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old Apollo cinema, Marienplatz</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%BCnster%27s_municipal_theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Münster's municipal theatre"><img alt="Münster's municipal theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/M%C3%BCnster%27s_municipal_theatre.jpg/120px-M%C3%BCnster%27s_municipal_theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/M%C3%BCnster%27s_municipal_theatre.jpg/180px-M%C3%BCnster%27s_municipal_theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/M%C3%BCnster%27s_municipal_theatre.jpg/240px-M%C3%BCnster%27s_municipal_theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Münster's municipal theatre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_library_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Public Library, Centre"><img alt="Public Library, Centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Public_library_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/120px-Public_library_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Public_library_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/180px-Public_library_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Public_library_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/240px-Public_library_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Public Library, Centre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:County_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Landesmuseum Münster"><img alt="Landesmuseum Münster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/County_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/120px-County_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/County_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/180px-County_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/County_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/240px-County_Museum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Landesmuseum Münster</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LVA_Muenster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="LVA (State Social Insurance Board) Münster-Nord"><img alt="LVA (State Social Insurance Board) Münster-Nord" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/LVA_Muenster.jpg/120px-LVA_Muenster.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/LVA_Muenster.jpg/180px-LVA_Muenster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/LVA_Muenster.jpg/240px-LVA_Muenster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">LVA (State Social Insurance Board) Münster-Nord</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Messecentrum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trade Fair Centre Münster"><img alt="Trade Fair Centre Münster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Messecentrum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/120px-Messecentrum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Messecentrum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/180px-Messecentrum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Messecentrum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg/240px-Messecentrum_M%C3%BCnster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Trade Fair Centre Münster</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Lower_Saxony" title="Munster, Lower Saxony">Munster, Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster_Province,_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Munster Province, Republic of Ireland">Munster Province, Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CeNTech" title="CeNTech">CeNTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernmeldeturm_M%C3%BCnster" title="Fernmeldeturm Münster">Fernmeldeturm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muenster,_Texas" title="Muenster, Texas">Muenster, Texas</a>, U.S.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-Blockx" title="H-Blockx">H-Blockx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minster,_Ohio" title="Minster, Ohio">Minster, Ohio</a>, U.S.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/kommunalwahlen/2020/index_obb_lr.shtml#ob_lr">Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020</a>, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 19 June 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.landesdatenbank.nrw.de/ldbnrw/online?operation=result&code=12411-31iz&leerzeilen=false&language=de">"Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2023 – Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 9. Mai 2011"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Landesbetrieb_Information_und_Technik_NRW" class="mw-redirect" title="Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW">Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+der+Gemeinden+Nordrhein-Westfalens+am+31.+Dezember+2023+%E2%80%93+Fortschreibung+des+Bev%C3%B6lkerungsstandes+auf+Basis+des+Zensus+vom+9.+Mai+2011&rft.pub=Landesbetrieb+Information+und+Technik+NRW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.landesdatenbank.nrw.de%2Fldbnrw%2Fonline%3Foperation%3Dresult%26code%3D12411-31iz%26leerzeilen%3Dfalse%26language%3Dde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?204445/Munster-bicycle-capital">"Münster bicycle capital"</a>. <i>wwf.panda.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wwf.panda.org&rft.atitle=M%C3%BCnster+bicycle+capital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwf.panda.org%2Fwwf_news%2F%3F204445%2FMunster-bicycle-capital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Münster1900-1945-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Münster1900-1945_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927112557/http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/en/history_1900-1945.html">"1900 to 1945"</a>. Stadt Münster. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/en/history_1900-1945.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1900+to+1945&rft.pub=Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fstadt%2Ftourismus%2Fen%2Fhistory_1900-1945.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pop2014-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pop2014_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Kalitschke2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Martin Kalitschke (11 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wn.de/Muenster/1784457-Lewe-Ein-historischer-Tag-Jetzt-hat-Muenster-300-000-Einwohner">"Jetzt hat Münster 300 000 Einwohner"</a> [Now Münster has 300 000 inhabitants]. <i>Westfälische Nachrichten</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westf%C3%A4lische+Nachrichten&rft.atitle=Jetzt+hat+M%C3%BCnster+300+000+Einwohner&rft.date=2014-10-11&rft.au=Martin+Kalitschke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wn.de%2FMuenster%2F1784457-Lewe-Ein-historischer-Tag-Jetzt-hat-Muenster-300-000-Einwohner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stud2017-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stud2017_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlaus_Baumeister2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Klaus Baumeister (24 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wn.de/Muenster/2017/01/2673851-Ohne-Hochschulen-geht-es-bergab-Studenten-machen-Muenster-gross">"Ohne Hochschulen geht es bergab – Studenten machen Münster groß"</a> [Without universities it's going downhill – University students make Münster large]. <i>Westfälische Nachrichten</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westf%C3%A4lische+Nachrichten&rft.atitle=Ohne+Hochschulen+geht+es+bergab+%E2%80%93+Studenten+machen+M%C3%BCnster+gro%C3%9F&rft.date=2017-01-24&rft.au=Klaus+Baumeister&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wn.de%2FMuenster%2F2017%2F01%2F2673851-Ohne-Hochschulen-geht-es-bergab-Studenten-machen-Muenster-gross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Münster793-1800-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Münster793-1800_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927112518/http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/en/history_till1800.html">"793 to 1800"</a>. Stadt Münster. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/en/history_till1800.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=793+to+1800&rft.pub=Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fstadt%2Ftourismus%2Fen%2Fhistory_till1800.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090110235446/http://kirchensite.de/index.php?myELEMENT=78003">"Vita des heiligen Liudgers"</a> [Resume of the holy Liudgers]. <i>Kirchensite.de</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirchensite.de/index.php?myELEMENT=78003">the original</a> on 10 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kirchensite.de&rft.atitle=Vita+des+heiligen+Liudgers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirchensite.de%2Findex.php%3FmyELEMENT%3D78003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Münsterhistory-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Münsterhistory_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Münsterhistory_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927112504/http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/en/history.html">"A foray into town history"</a>. Stadt Münster. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/en/history.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+foray+into+town+history&rft.pub=Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fstadt%2Ftourismus%2Fen%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071019185006/http://www.30giorni.it/us/articolo.asp?id=4292">"The Lion of Münster and Pius XII"</a>. <i>30Days</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.30giorni.it/us/articolo.asp?id=4292">the original</a> on 19 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=30Days&rft.atitle=The+Lion+of+M%C3%BCnster+and+Pius+XII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.30giorni.it%2Fus%2Farticolo.asp%3Fid%3D4292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMegargeeOvermansVogt2022" class="citation book cs1">Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). <i>The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV</i>. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1"><bdi>978-0-253-06089-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum+Encyclopedia+of+Camps+and+Ghettos+1933%E2%80%931945.+Volume+IV&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press%2C+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-253-06089-1&rft.aulast=Megargee&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&rft.au=Overmans%2C+R%C3%BCdiger&rft.au=Vogt%2C+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100000091">"Zuchthaus Münster"</a>. <i>Bundesarchiv.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesarchiv.de&rft.atitle=Zuchthaus+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundesarchiv.de%2Fzwangsarbeit%2Fhaftstaetten%2Findex.php%3Faction%3D2.2%26tab%3D7%26id%3D100000091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_L._Hawkins1999" class="citation book cs1">Ian L. Hawkins (1999). <i>The Munster Raid: Before and After</i>. FNP Military Division. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0917678493" title="Special:BookSources/978-0917678493"><bdi>978-0917678493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Munster+Raid%3A+Before+and+After&rft.pub=FNP+Military+Division&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0917678493&rft.au=Ian+L.+Hawkins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanton2006" class="citation book cs1">Stanton, Shelby (2006). <i>World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946</i>. Stackpole Books. p. 97.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+Order+of+Battle%3A+An+Encyclopedic+Reference+to+U.S.+Army+Ground+Forces+from+Battalion+through+Division%2C+1939%E2%80%931946&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Stanton&rft.aufirst=Shelby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbdene2005" class="citation web cs1">Ebdene, Aija (9 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722161942/http://www.tm.gov.lv/lv/noderigi/sabiedribas_integracija/celvedis_eng_indd.pdf">"Greetings to all users of the Guide worldwide from the Latvian Community in Germany (LKV)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>A Guide for Latvians Abroad</i>. LKV. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tm.gov.lv/lv/noderigi/sabiedribas_integracija/celvedis_eng_indd.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Guide+for+Latvians+Abroad&rft.atitle=Greetings+to+all+users+of+the+Guide+worldwide+from+the+Latvian+Community+in+Germany+%28LKV%29&rft.date=2005-02-09&rft.aulast=Ebdene&rft.aufirst=Aija&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tm.gov.lv%2Flv%2Fnoderigi%2Fsabiedribas_integracija%2Fcelvedis_eng_indd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithŠtrāle,_Aina2006" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Inese; Štrāle, Aina (July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/maney/lbh/2006/00000022/00000002/art00004?crawler=true">"Witnessing and Preserving Latvian Culture in Exile: Latvian Libraries in the West"</a>. <i>Library History, Volume 22, Number 2 – pp. 123–135(13)</i>. Maney Publishing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+History%2C+Volume+22%2C+Number+2+%E2%80%93+pp.+123%E2%80%93135%2813%29&rft.atitle=Witnessing+and+Preserving+Latvian+Culture+in+Exile%3A+Latvian+Libraries+in+the+West&rft.date=2006-07&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Inese&rft.au=%C5%A0tr%C4%81le%2C+Aina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Fmaney%2Flbh%2F2006%2F00000022%2F00000002%2Fart00004%3Fcrawler%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livcomawards.com/previous-winners/2004.htm">"LivCom website, page for 2004 awards"</a>. livcomawards.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LivCom+website%2C+page+for+2004+awards.&rft.pub=livcomawards.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livcomawards.com%2Fprevious-winners%2F2004.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518140904/http://www.muenster.de/stadt/umwelt/pdf/livcom2004.pdf">"With history into the future"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Stadt Münster. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/stadt/umwelt/pdf/livcom2004.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=With+history+into+the+future&rft.pub=Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fstadt%2Fumwelt%2Fpdf%2Flivcom2004.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">10-minute <a href="/wiki/DivX" title="DivX">DivX</a> coded film: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/stadt/umweltamt/livcom/livcom2004_320.avi">the 48mb-version</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/stadt/umweltamt/livcom/livcom2004.avi">the 87mb-version</a> from the official Münster-homepage.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmt_für_Stadtentwicklung,_Stadtplanung,_Verkehrsplanung" class="citation web cs1">Amt für Stadtentwicklung, Stadtplanung, Verkehrsplanung. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/stadt/stadtplanung/pdf/Darstellung_Stadtbezirke_Stadtteile_Stadtzellen_mit_Bevoelkerungsdichte_2005.pdf">"Map of population density in the statistical areas"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Stadt Münster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+population+density+in+the+statistical+areas&rft.pub=Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft.au=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Stadtentwicklung%2C+Stadtplanung%2C+Verkehrsplanung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fstadt%2Fstadtplanung%2Fpdf%2FDarstellung_Stadtbezirke_Stadtteile_Stadtzellen_mit_Bevoelkerungsdichte_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, page 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statlas.nrw.de">Regional statistics for NRW</a> of Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik Nordrhein-Westfalen</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stat2006-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stat2006_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stat2006_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409040102/http://www.muenster.de/stadt/stadtplanung/pdf/Jahres-Statistik-2006.pdf">"Jahres-Statistik 2006 Stadt Münster"</a> [Yearly statistics 2006 City of Münster] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). City of Münster. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/stadt/stadtplanung/pdf/Jahres-Statistik-2006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jahres-Statistik+2006+Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft.pub=City+of+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fstadt%2Fstadtplanung%2Fpdf%2FJahres-Statistik-2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080504141921/http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/a-bis-z.html">"Von Aasee bis Zwinger – ein kleines Glossar"</a> [From Aasee to Zwinger – a small glossary] (in German). Stadt Münster. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/a-bis-z.html">the original</a> on 4 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Von+Aasee+bis+Zwinger+%E2%80%93+ein+kleines+Glossar&rft.pub=Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fstadt%2Ftourismus%2Fa-bis-z.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weatherDE-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-weatherDE_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weatherDE_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060506093750/http://kli.uni-muenster.de/de/weather/climate/index.html">"Klima in Münster"</a>. <i>kli</i>. 21 February 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kli.uni-muenster.de/de/weather/climate/index.html">the original</a> on 6 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kli&rft.atitle=Klima+in+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2006-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkli.uni-muenster.de%2Fde%2Fweather%2Fclimate%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unwetterzentrale.de/uwz/958.html">"Unwetterlage Deutschland Ende Juli 2014 – Extremregen in Münster"</a>. Unwetterzentral<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unwetterlage+Deutschland+Ende+Juli+2014+%E2%80%93+Extremregen+in+M%C3%BCnster&rft.pub=Unwetterzentral&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unwetterzentrale.de%2Fuwz%2F958.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012163333/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/MuensterOsnabrueck_10315.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020"</a>. <i>World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)</i>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/MuensterOsnabrueck_10315.csv">the original</a> on 12 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climatological+Standard+Normals+%281991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.atitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991%E2%80%932020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FGermany%2FCSV%2FMuensterOsnabrueck_10315.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409035848/http://www5.stadt-muenster.de/ortsrecht/dokumente/10_01.pdf">"Hauptsatzung der Stadt Münster vom 21.12.1995"</a> [Main constitution of the city of Münster on 21 December 1995] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www5.stadt-muenster.de/ortsrecht/dokumente/10_01.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hauptsatzung+der+Stadt+M%C3%BCnster+vom+21.12.1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww5.stadt-muenster.de%2Fortsrecht%2Fdokumente%2F10_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einwohnerentwicklung_M%C3%BCnsters" class="extiw" title="de:Einwohnerentwicklung Münsters">Link</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/cities/">"Germany: States and Major Cities"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany%3A+States+and+Major+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fgermany%2Fcities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-muenster.de/fileadmin//user_upload/stadt-muenster/61_stadtentwicklung/pdf/jahr/Jahres-Statistik_2016_Bevoelkerung.pdf">"Jahres-Statistik 2016 – Bevölkerung"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jahres-Statistik+2016+%E2%80%93+Bev%C3%B6lkerung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-muenster.de%2Ffileadmin%2F%2Fuser_upload%2Fstadt-muenster%2F61_stadtentwicklung%2Fpdf%2Fjahr%2FJahres-Statistik_2016_Bevoelkerung.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bundeswahlleiter.de-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bundeswahlleiter.de_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bundeswahlleiter.de_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/bundestagswahlen/2021/ergebnisse/bund-99/land-5/wahlkreis-129.html">"Ergebnisse Münster – Der Bundeswahlleiter"</a>. <i>www.bundeswahlleiter.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bundeswahlleiter.de&rft.atitle=Ergebnisse+M%C3%BCnster+%E2%80%93+Der+Bundeswahlleiter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswahlleiter.de%2Fbundestagswahlen%2F2021%2Fergebnisse%2Fbund-99%2Fland-5%2Fwahlkreis-129.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvCardvCard2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">vCardvCard (19 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdu-nrw.de/dr-stefan-nacke">"Dr. Stefan Nacke"</a>. <i>CDU Nordrhein-Westfalen</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CDU+Nordrhein-Westfalen&rft.atitle=Dr.+Stefan+Nacke&rft.date=2021-07-19&rft.au=vCardvCard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdu-nrw.de%2Fdr-stefan-nacke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/bundestagswahlen/2021/gewaehlte/bund-99/land-5.html">"Gewählte in Landeslisten der Parteien in Nordrhein-Westfalen – Der Bundeswahlleiter"</a>. <i>www.bundeswahlleiter.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bundeswahlleiter.de&rft.atitle=Gew%C3%A4hlte+in+Landeslisten+der+Parteien+in+Nordrhein-Westfalen+%E2%80%93+Der+Bundeswahlleiter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswahlleiter.de%2Fbundestagswahlen%2F2021%2Fgewaehlte%2Fbund-99%2Fland-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmz.de/de/ministerium/leitung/schulze-99772">"Svenja Schulze"</a>. <i>Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesministerium+f%C3%BCr+wirtschaftliche+Zusammenarbeit+und+Entwicklung&rft.atitle=Svenja+Schulze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmz.de%2Fde%2Fministerium%2Fleitung%2Fschulze-99772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-muenster.de/ms/wahlen/ergebnis/app/ltw2017.html">"Landtagswahl 2017"</a>. <i>www.stadt-muenster.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stadt-muenster.de&rft.atitle=Landtagswahl+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-muenster.de%2Fms%2Fwahlen%2Fergebnis%2Fapp%2Fltw2017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw/landtagswahlen/2017/index.shtml">"Landtagswahl 2017 in NRW"</a>. <i>www.wahlergebnisse.nrw</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wahlergebnisse.nrw&rft.atitle=Landtagswahl+2017+in+NRW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wahlergebnisse.nrw%2Flandtagswahlen%2F2017%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MünsterEconomy-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MünsterEconomy_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MünsterEconomy_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MünsterEconomy_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MünsterEconomy_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927112246/http://www.muenster.de/en/economic_location.php">"Economic location"</a>. Stadt Münster. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/en/economic_location.php">the original</a> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economic+location&rft.pub=Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fen%2Feconomic_location.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927112441/http://www.muenster.de/en/job_market.php">"Job market"</a>. Stadt Münster. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/en/job_market.php">the original</a> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Job+market&rft.pub=Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fen%2Fjob_market.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-muenster.de/fileadmin//user_upload/stadt-muenster/61_stadtentwicklung/pdf/zahlen/Faltblatt_Muenster_im_Spiegel_2017_en.pdf">"Münster – Data and Facts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Stadt Münster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%BCnster+%E2%80%93+Data+and+Facts&rft.pub=Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-muenster.de%2Ffileadmin%2F%2Fuser_upload%2Fstadt-muenster%2F61_stadtentwicklung%2Fpdf%2Fzahlen%2FFaltblatt_Muenster_im_Spiegel_2017_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bezreg-muenster.de/de/schule_und_bildung/berufskolleg_eu-geschaeftsstelle/berufskollegs/muenster/index.html">"Münster – Data and Facts"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%BCnster+%E2%80%93+Data+and+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bezreg-muenster.de%2Fde%2Fschule_und_bildung%2Fberufskolleg_eu-geschaeftsstelle%2Fberufskollegs%2Fmuenster%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927112130/http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/en/city-of-bikes.html">"Bicycling Münster"</a>. Stadt Münster. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/stadt/tourismus/en/city-of-bikes.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bicycling+M%C3%BCnster&rft.pub=Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fstadt%2Ftourismus%2Fen%2Fcity-of-bikes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BicyclesMünster-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BicyclesMünster_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BicyclesMünster_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BicyclesMünster_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BicyclesMünster_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927112755/http://www.muenster.de/en/bicycles.php">"Bicycles"</a>. Stadt Münster. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenster.de/en/bicycles.php">the original</a> on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bicycles&rft.pub=Stadt+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fen%2Fbicycles.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510071002/https://www.stadtwerke-muenster.de/fileadmin/stwms/busverkehr/kundencenter/dokumente/SWMS_Infofolder_Busfahren_2016.pdf">"How to travel by bus: some helpful tips"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Stadtwerke Münster</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadtwerke-muenster.de/fileadmin/stwms/busverkehr/kundencenter/dokumente/SWMS_Infofolder_Busfahren_2016.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadtwerke+M%C3%BCnster&rft.atitle=How+to+travel+by+bus%3A+some+helpful+tips&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadtwerke-muenster.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fstwms%2Fbusverkehr%2Fkundencenter%2Fdokumente%2FSWMS_Infofolder_Busfahren_2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muensterbus.ms">"Stadtrundfahrten in Münster"</a> [City tours in Münster]. <i>Der Münster Bus</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+M%C3%BCnster+Bus&rft.atitle=Stadtrundfahrten+in+M%C3%BCnster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.muensterbus.ms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180311141300/https://www.stadtwerke-muenster.de/privatkunden/busverkehr/tickets/kombitickets/wasserbus-solaaris.html">"Das KombiTicket-WasserBus SOLAARIS – Ihre Vorteile auf einen Blick"</a> [The KombiTicket water bus SOLAARIS – Your benefits at a glance]. <i>Stadtwerke Münster</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadtwerke-muenster.de/privatkunden/busverkehr/tickets/kombitickets/wasserbus-solaaris.html">the original</a> on 11 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadtwerke+M%C3%BCnster&rft.atitle=Das+KombiTicket-WasserBus+SOLAARIS+%E2%80%93+Ihre+Vorteile+auf+einen+Blick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadtwerke-muenster.de%2Fprivatkunden%2Fbusverkehr%2Ftickets%2Fkombitickets%2Fwasserbus-solaaris.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.li.me/locations">"Lime Locations | Bring Lime Scooters and Bikes to Your City or University"</a>. <i>www.li.me</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.li.me&rft.atitle=Lime+Locations+%7C+Bring+Lime+Scooters+and+Bikes+to+Your+City+or+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.li.me%2Flocations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muensterschezeitung.de/sport/lokalsport/wwu-baskets/basketball-muenster-neuer-name-umbenennung-universitaet-muenster-uni-baskets-2776817">„An dieser Brücke festhalten“: Neuer Name der Baskets ist bekannt</a> Henner Henning (muensterschezeitung.de), 19 June 2023. Accessed 10 July 2023.<span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323052347/http://www.westfalen-heute.de/mitteilung.php?31549">"Abzug britischer Streitkräfte: Prinz Andrew verabschiedet die letzten Soldaten aus Münster"</a> [Withdrawal of British forces: Prince Andrew bids farewell to the last soldiers from Münster]. <i>Westfalen heute</i> (in German). 11 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westfalen-heute.de/mitteilung.php?31549">the original</a> on 23 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westfalen+heute&rft.atitle=Abzug+britischer+Streitkr%C3%A4fte%3A+Prinz+Andrew+verabschiedet+die+letzten+Soldaten+aus+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2013-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westfalen-heute.de%2Fmitteilung.php%3F31549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-muenster.de/international/staedtepartnerschaften.html">"Städtepartnerschaften"</a>. <i>stadt-muenster.de</i> (in German). Münster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stadt-muenster.de&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaften&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-muenster.de%2Finternational%2Fstaedtepartnerschaften.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muenster.de/pressemeldungen/web/frontend/output/ms-startseite/design/standard/page/1/show/1082503">"Städtepartnerschaft Münster – Enschede ist offiziell"</a>. <i>stadt-muenster.de</i> (in German). Münster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stadt-muenster.de&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaft+M%C3%BCnster+%E2%80%93+Enschede+ist+offiziell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenster.de%2Fpressemeldungen%2Fweb%2Ffrontend%2Foutput%2Fms-startseite%2Fdesign%2Fstandard%2Fpage%2F1%2Fshow%2F1082503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollard1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Pollard" title="Albert Pollard">Pollard, Albert Frederick</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nicholas, Henry"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Nicholas,_Henry">"Nicholas, Henry" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). p. 656.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nicholas%2C+Henry&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=656&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=Albert+Frederick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Droste-Vischering, Clemens August, Baron von"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Droste-Vischering,_Clemens_August,_Baron_von">"Droste-Vischering, Clemens August, Baron von" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 591.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Droste-Vischering%2C+Clemens+August%2C+Baron+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=591&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Droste-Hülshoff, Annette Elisabeth, Freiin von"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Droste-H%C3%BClshoff,_Annette_Elisabeth,_Freiin_von">"Droste-Hülshoff, Annette Elisabeth, Freiin von" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 591.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Droste-H%C3%BClshoff%2C+Annette+Elisabeth%2C+Freiin+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=591&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLias1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lias, John James (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ketteler, Wilhelm Emmanuel, Baron von"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ketteler,_Wilhelm_Emmanuel,_Baron_von">"Ketteler, Wilhelm Emmanuel, Baron von" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). p. 763.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ketteler%2C+Wilhelm+Emmanuel%2C+Baron+von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=763&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Lias&rft.aufirst=John+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnster&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(Westfalen)" class="extiw" title="commons:Münster (Westfalen)"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Münster (Westfalen)</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnster#Q2742" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Münster">Münster</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-muenster.de/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2742#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101224063839/http://www.allwetterzoo.de/englisch/index.php">English page of Münster All-Weather Zoo</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zoo-infos.de/zoos-en/276.html">Münster Zoo at Zoo-Infos.de</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stadtpanoramen.de/en/muenster/muenster.html">Muenster City Panoramas</a> – Panoramic Views of Münster's Highlights <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.7grad.org">7Grad.org – Bunkers in Muenster</a> – History of Muenster's air raid shelters <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20091105.shtml">The Siege of Muenster</a> – audio discussion from "<a href="/wiki/In_Our_Time_(BBC_Radio_4)" class="mw-redirect" title="In Our Time (BBC Radio 4)">In Our Time</a>" BBC</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technologiehof-muenster.de/english/index.php">Technology Park Münster (Host of technology companies in Münster)</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muensterland.com/en/tourism/orte-muensterland/places-in-munsterland/munster/">Tourist-Info</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180226073218/http://www.xn--mnster-3ya.net/veranstaltungskalender.html">Münster Events</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webgerman.com/Notgeld/Directory/M/Muenster.htm">Münster Notgeld</a> (emergency banknotes) depicting the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Münster Rebellion">Münster Rebellion</a> with Ian Bockelson, Berndt Knipperdollink, Berntken Krechting, and Jan van Leyden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://webgerman.com/Notgeld/Directory/M/Muenster.htm">http://webgerman.com/Notgeld/Directory/M/Muenster.htm</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/M%C3%BCnster" class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Münster">Münster</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=M%C3%BCnster&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/M%C3%BCnster_(Westphalia)" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Münster (Westphalia)">Münster (Westphalia)</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=M%C3%BCnster+%28Westphalia%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/M%C3%BCnster" class="extiw" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Münster">Münster</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (9th ed.). 1884.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=M%C3%BCnster&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnster" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Germany_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Germany_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities in Germany by population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000–999,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–499,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle (Saale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000–199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(city)" title="Oldenburg (city)">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzgitter" title="Salzgitter">Salzgitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Germany" title="List of municipalities in Germany">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">Metropolitan regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template talk:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Urban and rural districts in the state of <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> in Germany</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Köln (<i>Cologne</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/90px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/135px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg/180px-Deutschland_Lage_von_Nordrhein-Westfalen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rural districts of Germany">Rural districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_(district)" title="Aachen (district)">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borken_(district)" title="Borken (district)">Borken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coesfeld_(district)" title="Coesfeld (district)">Coesfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren_(district)" title="Düren (district)">Düren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis" title="Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis">Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskirchen_(district)" title="Euskirchen (district)">Euskirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh_(district)" title="Gütersloh (district)">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinsberg_(district)" title="Heinsberg (district)">Heinsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford_(district)" title="Herford (district)">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochsauerlandkreis" title="Hochsauerlandkreis">Hochsauerlandkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6xter_(district)" title="Höxter (district)">Höxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleve_(district)" title="Kleve (district)">Kleve (<i>Cleves</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippe_(district)" title="Lippe (district)">Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkischer_Kreis" title="Märkischer Kreis">Märkischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mettmann_(district)" title="Mettmann (district)">Mettmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minden-L%C3%BCbbecke" title="Minden-Lübbecke">Minden-Lübbecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberbergischer_Kreis" title="Oberbergischer Kreis">Oberbergischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olpe_(district)" title="Olpe (district)">Olpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn_(district)" title="Paderborn (district)">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen_(district)" title="Recklinghausen (district)">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinisch-Bergischer_Kreis" title="Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis">Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Erft-Kreis" title="Rhein-Erft-Kreis">Rhein-Erft-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Kreis_Neuss" title="Rhein-Kreis Neuss">Rhein-Kreis Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Sieg-Kreis" title="Rhein-Sieg-Kreis">Rhein-Sieg-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen-Wittgenstein" title="Siegen-Wittgenstein">Siegen-Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soest_(district)" title="Soest (district)">Soest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinfurt_(district)" title="Steinfurt (district)">Steinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unna_(district)" title="Unna (district)">Unna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viersen_(district)" title="Viersen (district)">Viersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warendorf_(district)" title="Warendorf (district)">Warendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesel_(district)" title="Wesel (district)">Wesel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanseatic_League" title="Template talk:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> by quarter, and trading posts of the Hanseatic League</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Chief cities shown in <span class="smallcaps">smallcaps</span>.</li><li><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free Imperial Cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wendish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lübeck" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;;padding:0.75em 1.0em;"><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklam" title="Anklam">Anklam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demmin" title="Demmin">Demmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greifswald" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg">Kolberg <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kołobrzeg)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg" title="Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%82owo" title="Darłowo">Rügenwalde <span style="font-size:85%;">(Darłowo)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Stettin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Szczecin)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Stolp <span style="font-size:85%;">(Słupsk)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargard" title="Stargard">Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visby" title="Visby">Visby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/150px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/225px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/300px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="603" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/150px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/225px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/300px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3720" data-file-height="2996" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="BrunswickMagdeburg" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Brunswick</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt an der Oder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baltic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Danzig(Gdańsk)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk"><span class="smallcaps">Danzig</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(Gdańsk)</span></span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau <span style="font-size:85%;">(Wrocław)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Dorpat <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tartu)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbing <span style="font-size:85%;">(Elbląg)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Cracow <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kraków)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Reval <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tallinn)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga <span style="font-size:85%;">(Rīga)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Thorn <span style="font-size:85%;">(Toruń)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westphalian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cologne_1Dortmund_1" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></i></span> <span class="nobold"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span><br /><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></i></span> <span class="nobold"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deventer" title="Deventer">Deventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampen,_Overijssel" title="Kampen, Overijssel">Kampen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zutphen" title="Zutphen">Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwolle" title="Zwolle">Zwolle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><hr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Kontor" title="Kontor">Kontore</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bryggen" title="Bryggen">Bryggen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontor_of_Bruges" title="Kontor of Bruges">Kontor of Bruges</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a><sup>2</sup><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelyard" title="Steelyard">Steelyard</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterhof_(Novgorod)" title="Peterhof (Novgorod)">Peterhof</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Novgorod</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Vitten</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falsterbo" title="Falsterbo">Falsterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">Bishop's Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire" title="Boston, Lincolnshire">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ipswich" title="Port of Ipswich">Ipswich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov_Republic" title="Pskov Republic">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Yarmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> were both chief city of the Westphalian Quarter at different times.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> The kontor was moved to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> once <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a> became inaccessible due to the silting of the <a href="/wiki/Zwin" title="Zwin">Zwin</a> channel.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2742#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2742#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2742#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121627337">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Münster in Westfalen (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130135&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX456915">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562001505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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