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id="toc-Bulgaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Greece </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Czech Republic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crete" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crete"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Crete </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crete-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Hungary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Romania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moldova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moldova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Moldova </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moldova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.11 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.12 Slovenia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosovo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosovo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.13 Kosovo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosovo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.14 Germany </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.15 Czech Republic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.16 Poland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.17 Serbia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.18 Slovakia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovenia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovenia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.19 Slovenia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovenia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.20 Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.21 Bosnia and Herzegovina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.22 Croatia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montenegro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montenegro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.23 Montenegro </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montenegro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Macedonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Macedonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.24 North Macedonia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Macedonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.25 Switzerland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Western Europe </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Western_Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Western Europe subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Western_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Belgium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Spain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Portugal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Italy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Netherlands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luxembourg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luxembourg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Luxembourg </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luxembourg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Northern Europe </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Northern_Europe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Northern Europe subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Northern_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Denmark </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Estonia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iceland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iceland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Iceland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iceland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Finland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway_and_Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway_and_Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Norway and Sweden </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway_and_Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latvia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latvia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Latvia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latvia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lithuania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lithuania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Lithuania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lithuania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Central Asia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 West Asia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-West_Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle West Asia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-West_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Armenia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azerbaijan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azerbaijan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Azerbaijan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Azerbaijan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Georgia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Cyprus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names_of_Roma_in_Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names_of_Roma_in_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.2 Names of Roma in Cyprus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names_of_Roma_in_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jordan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Jordan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 Lebanon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 Turkey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 South Asia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle South Asia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 East Asia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle East Asia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 North America </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-North_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle North America subsection </button> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Cuba </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barbados" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barbados"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Barbados </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barbados-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caribbean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caribbean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Caribbean </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caribbean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 South America </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-South_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle South America subsection </button> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Argentina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Brazil </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Chile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Colombia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecuador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecuador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Ecuador </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecuador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.6 Peru </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.7 Venezuela </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.8 Uruguay </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Africa </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Africa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Africa subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Angola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Angola </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 South Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Egypt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Algeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Algeria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cape_Verde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cape_Verde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Cape Verde </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cape_Verde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tunisia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunisia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.6 Tunisia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunisia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.7 Libya </div> </a> <ul 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Romani_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Romani diaspora">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Romani+diaspora%22">"Romani diaspora"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Romani+diaspora%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Romani+diaspora%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Romani+diaspora%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Romani+diaspora%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Romani+diaspora%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (October 2019) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Romani_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_the_Romani_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/300px-Map_of_the_Romani_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_the_Romani_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/450px-Map_of_the_Romani_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Map_of_the_Romani_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/600px-Map_of_the_Romani_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Countries with a significant Romani population according to unofficial estimates. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  + 1,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  + 100,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  + 10,000</div></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romani_population_average_estimate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Romani_population_average_estimate.png/330px-Romani_population_average_estimate.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Romani_population_average_estimate.png/495px-Romani_population_average_estimate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Romani_population_average_estimate.png/660px-Romani_population_average_estimate.png 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of the <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> in Europe (2007 <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> "average estimates", totalling 9.8 million)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> * The size of the wheel symbols reflects absolute population size * The gradient reflects the percent in the country's population: 0%                              10%. </figcaption></figure> The Romani diaspora refers to the presence and dispersion of <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a> across various parts of the world. Their migration out of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> occurred in waves, with the first estimated to have taken place between the 1st and 2nd century AD.<a href="#cite_note-Isabel-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Comas-3">[3]</a> They first arrived in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> in the early 12th century. They settled in the areas of present-day <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, by order of volume, and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. From the Balkans, they migrated throughout Europe and, in the nineteenth and later centuries, to the Americas. The Roma population in the United States is estimated at more than one million.<a href="#cite_note-time2-4">[4]</a> Romani people are predominantly found in Europe, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> and Spain. The total number of Romani living outside Europe are primarily in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a> and in the Americas, and are estimated in total at more than two million.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Most Romani populations overseas were founded in the 19th century by emigration from Europe. There were Roma with <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> on his third voyage to <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> in 1498.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Some countries do not collect data by ethnicity. As of the early 2000s, an estimated 4 to 9 million Romani people lived in Europe and <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> although some Romani organizations estimate numbers as high as 14 million.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> There is no official or reliable count of the Romani populations worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Many Roma refuse to register their ethnic identity in official censuses for fear of discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> There are also descendants of intermarriage with local populations who no longer identify exclusively as Roma, or who do not identify as Roma at all. The Romani people identify as distinct ethnicities based in part on territorial, religious, cultural and <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialectal</a> differences, and self-designation. The main branches are:<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Names_of_the_Romani_People-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <ol><li>Roma, concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a> and Italy; they emigrated (mostly from the 19th century onwards) to the rest of Europe as well as the Americas. The name Roma is also used as a collective name for all Romani people.</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma-sofia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Roma-sofia.JPG/220px-Roma-sofia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Roma-sofia.JPG/330px-Roma-sofia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Roma-sofia.JPG/440px-Roma-sofia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="749" /></a><figcaption>Romani people dancing at a Romani wedding in <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, 1936</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>Calé, mostly in Spain (see <a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Gitanos</a>), but also in Portugal (see <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Portugal" title="Romani people in Portugal">Romani people in Portugal</a>), Southern France, and Latin America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kale" title="Finnish Kale">Finnish Kale</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>; communities also exist in Sweden.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kale_(Welsh_Romanies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kale (Welsh Romanies)">Welsh Kale</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, specifically in the Northwestern part of the country in Welsh-speaking areas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">Romanichal</a>, in England. Communities also exist in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, <a href="/wiki/North_East_Wales" title="North East Wales">Northeast Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Wales" title="South Wales">South Wales</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a>.</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gypsy_family_with_varda_wagon_on_Epsom_Downs_1938.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gypsy_family_with_varda_wagon_on_Epsom_Downs_1938.JPG/220px-Gypsy_family_with_varda_wagon_on_Epsom_Downs_1938.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gypsy_family_with_varda_wagon_on_Epsom_Downs_1938.JPG/330px-Gypsy_family_with_varda_wagon_on_Epsom_Downs_1938.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Gypsy_family_with_varda_wagon_on_Epsom_Downs_1938.JPG/440px-Gypsy_family_with_varda_wagon_on_Epsom_Downs_1938.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Romani people with their horse and <a href="/wiki/Vardo_(Romani_wagon)" title="Vardo (Romani wagon)">vardo</a> (Romani wagon) in <a href="/wiki/Epsom" title="Epsom">Epsom</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, 1938</figcaption></figure> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a>, in German-speaking areas of Europe and some neighboring countries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_France" title="Romani people in France">Manush</a>, in French-speaking areas of Europe (in French: Manouche)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_and_Swedish_Travellers" title="Norwegian and Swedish Travellers">Romanisæl</a>, in Sweden and Norway. The Romani-Swedish population is mostly located in the southern parts of the country.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Central and Eastern Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</a>. Also present in parts of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Romani_and_Traveller_groups" title="Scottish Romani and Traveller groups">Scottish Lowland Roma</a> are also considered to be a Romani subgroup although their heritage is theorised to be a fusion between Roma and a native Traveller group. Their language is predominantly derived from Romani.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Roma">Muslim Roma</a>, Horahane, Romanlar in Turkey and the Balkans</li> <li>Middle East Gypsies<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li></ol> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.4em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Romani" title="Category:Romani">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border:none; padding:0.6em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Romani people"><img alt="Flag of the Romani people" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Romani_people" title="Archaeology of the Romani people">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_society_and_culture" title="Romani society and culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_dance" title="Romani dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_dress" title="Romani dress">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_folklore" title="Romani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Romani_people" title="History of the Romani people">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_media" title="Romani media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Romani_people" title="Names of the Romani people">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romani_people" title="List of Romani people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people#Religion" title="Romani people">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romani_settlements" title="List of Romani settlements">Settlements</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:none;text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><div style="margin: 0 4em">Romani people by sub-group</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Romani" title="Afro-Romani">Afro-Romani</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Arlije" title="Arlije">Arlije</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bergitka_Roma" title="Bergitka Roma">Bergitka Roma</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Burgenland_Roma" title="Burgenland Roma">Burgenland Roma</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cascarots" title="Cascarots">Cascarots</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Roma" title="Crimean Roma">Crimean Roma</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gurbeti" title="Gurbeti">Gurbeti</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Romani_relations#Romani_Jews" title="Jewish–Romani relations"> Judeo-Romani</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Kale (Iberian Roma)</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kale" title="Finnish Kale">Kale (Finnish Roma)</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kale_(Welsh_Roma)" title="Kale (Welsh Roma)">Kale (Welsh Roma)</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Lovari" title="Lovari">Lovari</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/L%C4%83utari" title="Lăutari">Lăutari</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Machvaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Machvaya">Machvaya</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_and_Swedish_Travellers" title="Norwegian and Swedish Travellers">Romanisæl</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Polska_Roma" title="Polska Roma">Polska Roma</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">Romanichal</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ruska_Roma" title="Ruska Roma">Ruska Roma</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sepe%C4%8Dides_Romani" title="Sepečides Romani">Sepečides Romani</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Servitka_Roma" title="Servitka Roma">Servitka Roma</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ursari" title="Ursari">Ursari</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Zargari_tribe" title="Zargari tribe">Zargari</a> </li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:none;text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romani diaspora</a> by country</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; font-weight:normal; text-align: center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Albania" title="Romani people in Albania">Albania</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Argentina" title="Romani people in Argentina">Argentina</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Australia" title="Romani people in Australia">Australia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Austria" title="Romani people in Austria">Austria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Belarus" title="Romani people in Belarus">Belarus</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Belgium" title="Romani people in Belgium">Belgium</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Romani people in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Brazil" title="Romani people in Brazil">Brazil</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Bulgaria" title="Romani people in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Colombia" title="Romani people in Colombia">Colombia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Croatia" title="Romani people in Croatia">Croatia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Cyprus" title="Romani people in Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Romani people in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Czechoslovakia" title="Romani people in Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Denmark" title="Romani people in Denmark">Denmark</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Estonia" title="Romani people in Estonia">Estonia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Finland" title="Romani people in Finland">Finland</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_France" title="Romani people in France">France</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Romani people in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Germany" title="Romani people in Germany">Germany</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Greece" title="Romani people in Greece">Greece</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Hungary" title="Romani people in Hungary">Hungary</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Ireland" title="Romani people in Ireland">Ireland</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Italy" title="Romani people in Italy">Italy</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Kosovo" title="Romani people in Kosovo">Kosovo</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Latvia" title="Romani people in Latvia">Latvia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Lithuania" title="Romani people in Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Mexico">Mexico</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Montenegro" title="Romani people in Montenegro">Montenegro</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_North_Macedonia" title="Romani people in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Moldova" title="Romani people in Moldova">Moldova</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Romani people in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Norway" title="Romani people in Norway">Norway</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Poland" title="Romani people in Poland">Poland</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Portugal" title="Romani people in Portugal">Portugal</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Romania</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Russia" title="Romani people in Russia">Russia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Serbia" title="Romani people in Serbia">Serbia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Slovakia" title="Romani people in Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Slovenia" title="Romani people in Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Spain</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Sweden" title="Romani people in Sweden">Sweden</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Switzerland" title="Romani people in Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Turkey" title="Romani people in Turkey">Turkey</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Ukraine" title="Romani people in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crimean_Roma" title="Crimean Roma">Crimea</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Romani people in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gypsy,_Roma_and_Traveller_people_(UK)" title="Gypsy, Roma and Traveller people (UK)">term</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gypsy_and_Traveller_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gypsy and Traveller groups">Scotland</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_Americans" title="Romani Americans">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Slovak_Gypsies_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Slovak Gypsies in the United States">Hungarian-Slovak</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Uruguay" title="Romani people in Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Romani_people" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Romani people">WikiProject</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romani_people" title="Template:Romani people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romani_people" title="Template talk:Romani people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romani_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romani people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Romani have additional internal distinctions, with groups identified as Bashaldé; Churari; <a href="/wiki/Lori_people" title="Lori people">Lori</a>; Ungaritza; <a href="/wiki/Lovari_(Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovari (Roma)">Lovari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lovara" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovara">Lovara</a>) from Hungary; Machvaya (Machavaya, Machwaya, or Macwaia) from <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>; Romungro from Hungary and neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian</a> countries; Erlides (Yerlii, Arli); <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Romani_people" title="Muslim Romani people">Xoraxai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horahane" class="mw-redirect" title="Horahane">Horahane</a>) from Greece and Turkey; <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a> (Lingurari, Ludar, Ludari, Rudari, Zlătari) from Romanian / Moldovan <a href="/wiki/Miner" title="Miner">miners</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ursari" title="Ursari">Ursari</a> from Romanian / Moldovan <a href="/wiki/Animal_training#Wild_animals" title="Animal training">bear-trainers</a>; Argintari from <a href="/wiki/Silversmith" title="Silversmith">silversmiths</a>; Aurari from <a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">goldsmiths</a>; Florari from florists; and <a href="/wiki/L%C4%83utari" title="Lăutari">Lăutari</a> from singers. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population_by_country">Population by country</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Population by country">edit</a>]</div> This is a table of Romani people by country. The list does include the <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom people</a>, who are often subsumed under "Gypsies". The official number of Romani people is disputed in many countries; some do not collect data by ethnicity; in others, Romani individuals may refuse to register their ethnic identity for fear of discrimination,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> or have assimilated and do not identify exclusively as Romani. In some cases, governments consult Romani organizations for data. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Region</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Subgroups </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>Central / South Asia</td> <td>20,000 to 30,000<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></td> <td>Southern Europe, Balkans</td> <td>8,301 (0.3%) (official 2011 census)<a href="#cite_note-Albania-19">[19]</a></td> <td>Gabel (<a href="/wiki/Vlax_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlax Roma">Vlax Roma</a>), <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Egyptians" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan Egyptians">Jevgs</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></td> <td>North Africa</td> <td>40,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_(Spanish_Romani)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caló (Spanish Romani)">Kale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xoraxane" class="mw-redirect" title="Xoraxane">Xoraxane</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></td> <td>Africa</td> <td>16,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_(Spanish_Romani)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caló (Spanish Romani)">Kale</a> (from Portugal) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td>South America</td> <td>300,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_(Spanish_Romani)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caló (Spanish Romani)">Kale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td> <td>Western Asia</td> <td>50<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Lom people</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Australia</td> <td>Oceania</td> <td>5,000+<a href="#cite_note-auto-21">[21]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">Romanichal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Austria</td> <td>Central Europe</td> <td>20,000–50,000<a href="#cite_note-JPL-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></td> <td>Burgenland-Roma, <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovari" title="Lovari">Lovari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arlije" title="Arlije">Arlije</a> from Macedonia, <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a> from Serbia, <a href="/wiki/Gurbeti" title="Gurbeti">Gurbeti</a> from Serbia and Macedonia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td> <td>Eastern Europe / Western Asia</td> <td>2,000<a href="#cite_note-echo1-24">[24]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Garachi" title="Garachi">Garachi</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td>Eastern Europe</td> <td>10,000 (census data) or 50,000–60,000 (estimated data)<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Belarus" title="Romani people in Belarus">Belaruska Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruska_Roma" title="Ruska Roma">Ruska Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polska_Roma" title="Polska Roma">Polska Roma</a>, Litovska Roma, Lotfitka Roma, <a href="/wiki/Servitka_Roma" title="Servitka Roma">Servy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium</td> <td>Western Europe</td> <td>10,000–15,000<a href="#cite_note-JPL-22">[22]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Romani" class="mw-redirect" title="North Central Romani">Romungro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></td> <td>Southern Europe, Balkans</td> <td>12,000<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> / 58,000<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brazil</td> <td>South America</td> <td>678,000–1,000,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_(Spanish_Romani)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caló (Spanish Romani)">Kale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machvaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Machvaya">Machvaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xoraxane" class="mw-redirect" title="Xoraxane">Xoraxane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>Southern / Eastern Europe, Balkans</td> <td>370,908 (official census) to 600,000<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></td> <td>Yerli, <a href="/wiki/Gurbeti" title="Gurbeti">Gurbeti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ursari" title="Ursari">Ursari</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canada</td> <td>North America</td> <td>80,000<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">Romanichal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chile</td> <td>South America</td> <td>15,000–20,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xoraxane" class="mw-redirect" title="Xoraxane">Xoraxane</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>China</td> <td>Asia</td> <td>9,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vlax" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlax">Vlax</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovara" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovara">Lovara</a>, Potkovari) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td>South America</td> <td>4,850<a href="#cite_note-auto1-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-dane.gov.co-33">[33]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>Central / Southern Europe, Balkans</td> <td>2,500 (census results)<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Estimated:3,000<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-35">[35]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lovari_(Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovari (Roma)">Lovari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></td> <td>West Asia</td> <td>1,250 (estimated)<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, Kurbet, Mantides </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denmark</td> <td>Northern Europe</td> <td>1,500–2,000<a href="#cite_note-JPL-22">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></td> <td>South America</td> <td>2,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td>Northern Europe</td> <td>456<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>Northern Europe</td> <td>10,000+<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A0lo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kàlo">Kàlo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>France</td> <td>Western Europe</td> <td>500,000 (official estimation) 1,200,000–1,300,000 (unofficial estimation)<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_France" title="Romani people in France">Manush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovari_(Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovari (Roma)">Lovari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td>Central / Western Europe</td> <td>500,000<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></td> <td>mostly Sinti, but also Balkan Roma, Vlax Roma </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></td> <td>Eastern Europe, Western Asia</td> <td>500+<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roma_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma people">Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Domari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Lom/Bosha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>Southern Europe, Balkans</td> <td>200,000 or 300,000<a href="#cite_note-nchr.gr-44">[44]</a></td> <td>Erlides, Xoraxane, </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hungary</td> <td>Central / Eastern Europe</td> <td>205,984 (census);<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> 394,000–1,000,000 (estimated)<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romungro" class="mw-redirect" title="Romungro">Romungro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovari_(Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovari (Roma)">Lovari</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td>Western Asia</td> <td>2,000−3,000<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Domari" class="mw-redirect" title="Domari">Domari</a>, Koeli, <a href="/wiki/Ghorbati" title="Ghorbati">Ghorbati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nawari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawari">Nawari</a>, Zargar people </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>Western Asia</td> <td>40,000<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland</td> <td>Northern Europe</td> <td>3,000<a href="#cite_note-RomaReport-51">[51]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy</td> <td>Southern Europe</td> <td>90,000–180,000<a href="#cite_note-JPL-22">[22]</a> + 152,000 illegal Roma in 700 camps<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ursari" title="Ursari">Ursari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xoraxane" class="mw-redirect" title="Xoraxane">Xoraxane</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td> <td>Western Asia</td> <td>80,000<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom people</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>Southeast Europe</td> <td data-sort-value="7004156960000000000♠" id="cite_ref-54" class="cite-bracket"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td>Northern Europe</td> <td>8,482 (2012 est.)<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> or 13,000–15,000<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></td> <td>Lofitka Roma (in same <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Romani" title="Baltic Romani">Baltic Romani</a> dialect family as <a href="/wiki/Polska_Roma" title="Polska Roma">Polska Roma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruska_Roma" title="Ruska Roma">Ruska Roma</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td>Western Asia</td> <td>12,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Nawar people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom people</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td> <td>North Africa</td> <td>40,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Nawar people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom people</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>Northern Europe</td> <td>3,000–4,000<a href="#cite_note-JPL-22">[22]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td>Western Europe</td> <td>100–150<a href="#cite_note-JPL-22">[22]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></td> <td>Southern Europe, Balkans</td> <td>53,879 Roma and 3,843 Balkan Egyptians to 260,000<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></td> <td>Yerli, <a href="/wiki/Gurbeti" title="Gurbeti">Gurbeti</a>, Cergari, <a href="/wiki/Egyptians_(Balkans)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptians (Balkans)">Egyptians</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mexico</td> <td>North America</td> <td>16,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_(Spanish_Romani)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caló (Spanish Romani)">Kale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machwaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Machwaya">Machwaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovari_(Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovari (Roma)">Lovari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Gitanos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></td> <td>Eastern Europe</td> <td>12,900 (census) to 20,000–25,000<a href="#cite_note-JPL-22">[22]</a> or 150,000<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-60">[60]</a></td> <td>Rusurja, <a href="/wiki/Ursari" title="Ursari">Ursari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></td> <td>Southern Europe, Balkans</td> <td>2,601 to 20,000,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-61">[61]</a> additionally 8,000 registered Roma refugees from Kosovo, the entire number of <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">IDP</a> Kosovarian Roma in Montenegro is twice as large.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-61">[61]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>North Africa</td> <td>50,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Nawar people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_(Spanish_Romani)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caló (Spanish Romani)">Kale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Gitanos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>Western Europe</td> <td>35,000–40,000<a href="#cite_note-JPL-22">[22]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td>Oceania</td> <td>132<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norway</td> <td>Northern Europe</td> <td>6,500 or more<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_and_Swedish_Travellers" title="Norwegian and Swedish Travellers">Norwegian and Swedish Travellers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanoar" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanoar">Romanoar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tavringer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavringer">Tavringer</a>), <a href="/wiki/Vlax" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlax">Vlax</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>Central / Eastern Europe</td> <td>15,000–60,000<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polska_Roma" title="Polska Roma">Polska Roma</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>Southern / Western Europe</td> <td>40,000<a href="#cite_note-JPL-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>Southern / Central / Eastern Europe</td> <td>621,573 (<a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Romania#20_October_2011_census" title="Demographic history of Romania">2011 census</a>) 1,850,000 (estimated)<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ursari" title="Ursari">Ursari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovari_(Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovari (Roma)">Lovari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlax" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlax">Vlax</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Central_Romani" class="mw-redirect" title="North Central Romani">Romungro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Eastern Europe, North Asia</td> <td>182,766 (census 2002) or 450,000–1,000,000 (estimated)<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-60">[60]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruska_Roma" title="Ruska Roma">Ruska Roma</a> (descended from <a href="/wiki/Polska_Roma" title="Polska Roma">Polska Roma</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>), <a href="/wiki/Servy" class="mw-redirect" title="Servy">Servy</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ursari" title="Ursari">Ursari</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>) <a href="/wiki/Lovare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovare">Lovare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallachian_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallachian Roma">Wallachian Roma</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>), Boshas (from <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>).<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td> <td>Southeast Europe, Balkans</td> <td>147,604 (census 2011) or 400,000–800,000 (estimated)<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Serbia" title="Romani people in Serbia">Romani people in Serbia</a>. Main sub-groups include "Turkish Gypsies", "White Gypsies", "Wallachian Gypsies" and "Hungarian Gypsies".<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td>Central / Eastern Europe</td> <td>92,500 or 550,000<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Romani" class="mw-redirect" title="North Central Romani">Romungro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td>Central / Southern Europe, Balkans</td> <td>3,246–10,000<a href="#cite_note-JPL-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain</td> <td>Southern / Western Europe</td> <td>1,000,000 (official estimation)<a href="#cite_note-Diagnostico_Social_de_la_Comunidad_Gitana_en_España_-_CIS-82">[82]</a> 600,000–800,000<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> or 1,500,000<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Gitanos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erromintxela" class="mw-redirect" title="Erromintxela">Erromintxela</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td>Africa</td> <td>50,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Nawar people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom people</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweden</td> <td>Northern Europe</td> <td>30,000–65,000<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Travellers" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Travellers">Swedish Travellers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tavringer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavringer">Tavringer</a>), <a href="/wiki/Vlax" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlax">Vlax</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovara" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovara">Lovara</a>), <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A0lo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kàlo">Kàlo</a> (Finnish Roma) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Switzerland</td> <td>Central / Western Europe</td> <td>30,000–35,000<a href="#cite_note-JPL-22">[22]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>Western Asia</td> <td>34,000<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Nawar people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom people</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></td> <td>Central Asia</td> <td>2,234<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></td> <td>Dom people </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td>North Africa</td> <td>20,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Nawar people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom people</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>Southern / Eastern Europe, Balkans, Western Asia</td> <td>35,000<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> to 5,000,000<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosha_(Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosha (Roma)">Bosha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Turkey" title="Romani people in Turkey">Romani people in Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garachi" title="Garachi">Garachi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>Eastern Europe</td> <td>47,587 (census 2001) or 400,000 (estimated)<a href="#cite_note-:1-91">[91]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kelderare" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelderare">Kelderare</a> (Hungarian name for Kotlyary; <a href="/wiki/Zakarpattia_Oblast" title="Zakarpattia Oblast">Zakarpattia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kotlyary" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotlyary">Kotlyary</a> (other Ukrainian regions), <a href="/wiki/Ruska_Roma" title="Ruska Roma">Ruska Roma</a> (northern Ukraine), <a href="/wiki/Servy" class="mw-redirect" title="Servy">Servy</a> (Serby, southern and central Ukraine, from <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lovare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovare">Lovare</a> (central Ukraine), Kelmysh, <a href="/wiki/Crymy" class="mw-redirect" title="Crymy">Crymy</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>), Servica Roma (in Zakarpattia from <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>), Ungriko Roma (in Zakarpattia from Hungary)<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td>Northern / Western Europe</td> <td>44,000–94,000+<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-21">[21]</a> Unspecified number of Romani immigrants from Eastern Europe (among them in 2004 there were 4,100 Vlax Roma)<a href="#cite_note-auto1-32">[32]</a> and additionally 200,000 recent migrants<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">Romanichal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kale_(Welsh_Gypsies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kale (Welsh Gypsies)">Welsh Kale</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States</td> <td>North America</td> <td>1,000,000 (Romani ancestry. Romani organizations' estimate)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td> <td>South America</td> <td>2,000–5,000</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td> <td>South America</td> <td>2,000–5,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Gitanos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurbeti" title="Gurbeti">Gurbeti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruska_Roma" title="Ruska Roma">Xaladitka Roma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Portugal" title="Romani people in Portugal">Ciganos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_France" title="Romani people in France">Manouche</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people"><img alt="Romani people" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Roma (Gypsy) population by country </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Official </th> <th>Source </th> <th>Low estimate </th> <th>High estimate </th> <th>Note </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia"><img alt="Abkhazia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> Abkhazia* </td> <td>261 </td> <td>(2011 census)<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td> <td>500 </td> <td>600 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Afghanistan </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> Albania </td> <td>8,301 </td> <td>(2011 census)<a href="#cite_note-Albania-19">[19]</a> </td> <td>80,000 </td> <td>150,000 </td> <td>Roma population lives in 71 communes. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Algeria </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,500 </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola"><img alt="Angola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Angola </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>12,000 </td> <td>16,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> Argentina </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>300,000 </td> <td>350,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Armenia </td> <td>48 </td> <td>(1989 census)<a href="#cite_note-:2-97">[97]</a> </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>Armenianized. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh"><img alt="Republic of Artsakh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Artsakh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Artsakh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Artsakh* </td> <td>1 </td> <td>(1989 census)<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>25 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> Australia </td> <td>775 </td> <td>(2011 census) </td> <td>5,000 </td> <td>25,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Austria </td> <td>6,273 </td> <td>(2001 census)<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td>50,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Azerbaijan </td> <td>145 </td> <td>(1989 census)<a href="#cite_note-:2-97">[97]</a> </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Belarus </td> <td>6,848 </td> <td>(2019 census)<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> </td> <td>25,000 </td> <td>70,000 </td> <td>Roma population lives in 104 districts. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Belgium </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> Bosnia and Herzegovina </td> <td>12,583 </td> <td>(2013 census)<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td>76,000 </td> <td>Roma population lives in 92 municipalities. In 3 villages the Roma are the majority. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> Brazil </td> <td>800,000 </td> <td>(2010 census) </td> <td>680,000 </td> <td>1,000,000 </td> <td>The 2010 <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Institute_of_Geography_and_Statistics" title="Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics">IBGE</a> Brazilian National Census encountered Romani camps in 291 of Brazil's 5,565 municipalities. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> Bulgaria </td> <td>325,343 </td> <td>(2011 census)<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> </td> <td>700,000 </td> <td>800,000 </td> <td>Roma population lives in 258 municipalities. In 43 villages and 1 town, the Roma are the majority. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Canada </td> <td>5,255 </td> <td>(2011 census)<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> </td> <td>5,000 </td> <td>80,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Chile </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>15,000 </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> China </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>9,000 </td> <td>9,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Colombia </td> <td>4,858 </td> <td>(2005 census)<a href="#cite_note-dane.gov.co-33">[33]</a> </td> <td>6,000 </td> <td>8,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Croatia </td> <td>16,975 </td> <td>(2011 census) </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> Cyprus </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Czech Republic </td> <td>4,458 </td> <td>(2021 census) </td> <td>150,000 </td> <td>250,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> Ecuador </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Egypt </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,800,000 </td> <td>2,262,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> Estonia </td> <td>676 </td> <td>(2021 census) </td> <td>600 </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> Denmark </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>4,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> Finland </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>10,000 </td> <td>12,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> France </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>500,000 </td> <td>1,200,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Georgia </td> <td>1,744 </td> <td>(1989 census)<a href="#cite_note-:2-97">[97]</a> </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>2,500 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> Germany </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>70,000 </td> <td>140,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> Greece </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>100,000 </td> <td>300,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Hungary </td> <td>309,632 </td> <td>(2016 census)<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> </td> <td>600,000 </td> <td>1,000,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> Iran </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>100,000 </td> <td>800,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Iraq </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td>60,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Ireland </td> <td>30,987 </td> <td>(2016 census)<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td>42,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> Israel </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>4,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> Italy </td> <td>29,438 </td> <td>(2018 census)<a href="#cite_note-:3-106">[106]</a> </td> <td>120,000 </td> <td>180,000 </td> <td>Only a minority, estimated at 26,000 people, live in authorized slums. In 148 "formal" slums live 16,400 people, of which 43% are Italian. In the "tolerated" micro-settlement there are 9,600 Roma with Romanian 86% and Bulgarian 14% EU passports.<a href="#cite_note-:3-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Jordan </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td>88,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Kazakhstan </td> <td>7,165 </td> <td>(1989 census)<a href="#cite_note-:2-97">[97]</a> </td> <td>10,000 </td> <td>15,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> Kosovo* </td> <td>35,784 </td> <td>(2011 census) </td> <td>25,000 </td> <td>50,000 </td> <td>Roma population lives in 29 municipalities. In 3 villages the Roma are the majority. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> Kyrgyzstan </td> <td>990 </td> <td>(1989 census)<a href="#cite_note-:2-97">[97]</a> </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>2,500 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Latvia </td> <td>5,082 </td> <td>(2018 statistics) </td> <td>9,000 </td> <td>16,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Lebanon </td> <td>3,112 </td> <td>(2011 research) </td> <td>5,000 </td> <td>12,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> Libya </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>10,000 </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> Lithuania </td> <td>2,251 </td> <td>(2021 census) </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>4,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> Luxembourg </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>100 </td> <td>500 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> Mexico </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>15,000 </td> <td>50,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> Moldova </td> <td>9,323 </td> <td>(2014 census)<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> </td> <td>14,200 </td> <td>200,000 </td> <td>Roma population lives in 35 districts. In 1 village and 2 cities, the Roma are the majority. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Montenegro </td> <td>6,251 </td> <td>(2011 census)<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> </td> <td>15,000 </td> <td>25,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Morocco </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td>50,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Netherlands </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>32,000 </td> <td>48,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> New Zealand </td> <td>132 </td> <td>(2018 census) </td> <td>1,500 </td> <td>3,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> North Macedonia </td> <td>46,433 </td> <td>(2021 census)<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td> <td>134,000 </td> <td>260,000 </td> <td>Roma population lives in 62 municipalities. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> Norway </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>4,500 </td> <td>15,700 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Pakistan </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td>80,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Palestine* </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>35,000 </td> <td>46,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Peru </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>8,000 </td> <td>10,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> Poland </td> <td>12,855 </td> <td>(2002 census)<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> </td> <td>15,000 </td> <td>50,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> Portugal </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>34,000 </td> <td>70,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> Romania </td> <td>621,573 </td> <td>(2011 census)<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> </td> <td>1,200,000 </td> <td>2,500,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Russia </td> <td>205,007 </td> <td>(2010 census) </td> <td>450,000 </td> <td>1,200,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> Serbia </td> <td>147,604 </td> <td>(2011 census)<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> </td> <td>400,000 </td> <td>800,000 </td> <td>Roma population lives in 115 municipalities. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Slovakia </td> <td>67,179 </td> <td>(2021 census)<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> </td> <td>380,000 </td> <td>600,000 </td> <td>Roma population lives in 78 of the districts. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Slovenia </td> <td>3,246 </td> <td>(2002 census)<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> </td> <td>7,000 </td> <td>10,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> South Africa </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>8,500 </td> <td>10,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia"><img alt="South Ossetia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> South Ossetia* </td> <td>6 </td> <td>(2015 census)<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>20 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> Spain </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>500,000 </td> <td>1,100,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Sudan </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td>50,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> Sweden </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>35,000 </td> <td>65,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> Switzerland </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>25,000 </td> <td>35,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Syria </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>100,000 </td> <td>300,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Tajikistan </td> <td>2,334 </td> <td>(2010 census)<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> </td> <td>4,000 </td> <td>5,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> Tunisia </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> Turkey </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>500,000 </td> <td>5,000,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Turkmenistan </td> <td>119 </td> <td>(1989 census)<a href="#cite_note-:2-97">[97]</a> </td> <td>1,000 </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> Ukraine </td> <td>47,587 </td> <td>(2001 census)<a href="#cite_note-:1-91">[91]</a> </td> <td>120,000 </td> <td>400,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> United Arab Emirates </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>50,000 </td> <td>80,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> United Kingdom </td> <td>63,193 </td> <td>(2011 census) </td> <td>150,000 </td> <td>300,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> USA </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,000,000 </td> <td>1,000,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> Uruguay </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td>5,000 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Uzbekistan </td> <td>16,397 </td> <td>(1989 census)<a href="#cite_note-:2-97">[97]</a> </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th colspan="2">2,868,224 </th> <th>10,985,435 </th> <th>23,717,845 </th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Central_and_Eastern_Europe">Central and Eastern Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Central and Eastern Europe">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sclavi_Tiganesti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sclavi_Tiganesti.jpg/170px-Sclavi_Tiganesti.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sclavi_Tiganesti.jpg/255px-Sclavi_Tiganesti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sclavi_Tiganesti.jpg/340px-Sclavi_Tiganesti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>An 1852 <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachian</a> poster advertising an auction of Romani slaves</figcaption></figure> A significant proportion of the world's Romanies live in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. However, in some cases—notably the Kalderash clan in Romania, who work as traditional <a href="/wiki/Coppersmith" title="Coppersmith">coppersmiths</a>—they have prospered. Some Romani families choose to immigrate to Western Europe. Many of the former Communist countries like the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria have entered the European Union, and free travel is permitted. During the 1970s and 1980s, many Romanies from former Yugoslavia migrated to other European countries, especially Austria, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> and Sweden. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albania">Albania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Albania">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Albania" title="Romani people in Albania">Romani people in Albania</a></div> Romani people have been living in Albania for more than 600 years.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> They arrived from Asia shortly before the Ottoman Turks in the middle of the fifteenth century. They started from India, traveled towards the direction of Persia, Syria, Iraq and through Armenia into the Western Byzantine territories, then through the Balkans into Europe. 1,300-120,000 Roma are estimated to live in Albania.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austria">Austria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Austria">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Austria" title="Romani people in Austria">Romani people in Austria</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belarus">Belarus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Belarus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Belarus" title="Romani people in Belarus">Romani people in Belarus</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bulgaria">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roma_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma in Bulgaria">Roma in Bulgaria</a></div> Romani people constitute the third largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> (after <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, they are referred to as "цигани" (cigani) or "роми" (romi). According to the 2001 census, there were 370,908 Roma in Bulgaria, equivalent to 4.7% of the country's total population.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Greece">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roma_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma in Greece">Roma in Greece</a></div> The Romani people of Greece is currently estimated to be between 200,000 and 350,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-nchr.gr-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Czech Republic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Romani people in the Czech Republic">Romani people in the Czech Republic</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crete">Crete</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Crete">edit</a>]</div> Since 1323 the Romani people are mentioned in Crete. Majority settlement are in <a href="/wiki/Nea_Alikarnassos" title="Nea Alikarnassos">Nea Alikarnassos</a>,<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungary">Hungary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hungary">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roma_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma in Hungary">Roma in Hungary</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iv%C3%A1nyi_Gypsies_at_Balatonlelle_1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Iv%C3%A1nyi_Gypsies_at_Balatonlelle_1935.jpg/220px-Iv%C3%A1nyi_Gypsies_at_Balatonlelle_1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Iv%C3%A1nyi_Gypsies_at_Balatonlelle_1935.jpg/330px-Iv%C3%A1nyi_Gypsies_at_Balatonlelle_1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Iv%C3%A1nyi_Gypsies_at_Balatonlelle_1935.jpg/440px-Iv%C3%A1nyi_Gypsies_at_Balatonlelle_1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="1618" /></a><figcaption>Gypsies at <a href="/wiki/Balatonlelle" title="Balatonlelle">Balatonlelle</a> by <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Iv%C3%A1nyi-Gr%C3%BCnwald" title="Béla Iványi-Grünwald">Béla Iványi-Grünwald</a>, 1935</figcaption></figure> In the 2011 census, 315,583 people called themselves Roma.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Various estimations put the number of Roma people to be between 500,000 and 1,000,000 people, or 8–10% of Hungary's population.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania">Romania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Romania">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roma_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma in Romania">Roma in Romania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sathmari_-_Group_of_Ctsigans,_or_Gipsies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sathmari_-_Group_of_Ctsigans%2C_or_Gipsies.jpg/220px-Sathmari_-_Group_of_Ctsigans%2C_or_Gipsies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sathmari_-_Group_of_Ctsigans%2C_or_Gipsies.jpg/330px-Sathmari_-_Group_of_Ctsigans%2C_or_Gipsies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sathmari_-_Group_of_Ctsigans%2C_or_Gipsies.jpg/440px-Sathmari_-_Group_of_Ctsigans%2C_or_Gipsies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>An engraving depicting a group of Romani people in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, 1865</figcaption></figure> There is a sizable Romani minority in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, known as Ţigani in <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> and, recently, as Rromi, of 621,573 people or 3.3% of the total population (<a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Romania#20_October_2011_census" title="Demographic history of Romania">2011 census</a>), although the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> estimates the figure to be 1.85 million people or 8.32% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> There exist a variety of governmental and non-governmental programs for integration and social advancement, including the Foundation Policy Center for Roma and Minorities, the <a href="/wiki/National_Agency_for_the_Roma" title="National Agency for the Roma">National Agency for the Roma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>'s participation in the <a href="/wiki/Decade_of_Roma_Inclusion" title="Decade of Roma Inclusion">Decade of Roma Inclusion</a>. <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, Hungary, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Macedonia">Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, and Spain participate in these programs. As an officially recognized ethnic minority, the Romani people also have guaranteed representation in Parliament. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moldova">Moldova</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Moldova">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Moldova" title="Romani people in Moldova">Romani people in Moldova</a></div> A big roma community of east-orthodox Christian faith, are the Basketmakers in <a href="/wiki/Glodeni" title="Glodeni">Glodeni</a>, their ancestors once came from <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, settled in Glodeni at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Teleki" title="Teleki">Teleki</a> Dynasty.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Russia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ruska_Roma" title="Ruska Roma">Ruska Roma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Russia" title="Romani people in Russia">Romani people in Russia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma_people_1837.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Roma_people_1837.jpg/220px-Roma_people_1837.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Roma_people_1837.jpg/330px-Roma_people_1837.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Roma_people_1837.jpg/440px-Roma_people_1837.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1708" data-file-height="1190" /></a><figcaption>A Romani family travelling (1837 print)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romani_people_from_Kineshma_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Romani_people_from_Kineshma_01.jpg/220px-Romani_people_from_Kineshma_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Romani_people_from_Kineshma_01.jpg/330px-Romani_people_from_Kineshma_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Romani_people_from_Kineshma_01.jpg/440px-Romani_people_from_Kineshma_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Romani people from <a href="/wiki/Ivanovo_Oblast" title="Ivanovo Oblast">Ivanovo Oblast</a></figcaption></figure> In Russian the Romani people are referred to as tzigane. The largest ethnic group of Romani people in Russia are the <a href="/wiki/Ruska_Roma" title="Ruska Roma">Ruska Roma</a> (also known as Xaladytka Roma). They are also the largest group in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>. They are adherents of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Russian Orthodox</a> faith. They came to Russia in the 18th century from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, and their language includes <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, German, and Russian words. The Ruska Roma were nomadic horse traders and singers. They traveled during the summer and stayed in cottages of Russian peasants during the winter. They paid for their lodging with money, or with the work of their horses. In 1812, when <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I">Napoleon I</a> invaded Russia, the Romani diasporas of Moscow and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> gave large sums of money and good horses for the Russian army. Many young Romani men took part in the war as <a href="/wiki/Uhlan" title="Uhlan">uhlans</a>. At the end of the 19th century, Rusko Rom <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Shishkin" title="Nikolai Shishkin">Nikolai Shishkin</a> created a Romani theatre troupe. One of its plays was in the <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani language</a>. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> some Ruska Roma entered the army, by call-up and as volunteers. They took part in the war as soldiers, officers, infantrymen, tankmen, artillerymen, aviators, drivers, paramedical workers, and doctors. Some teenagers, old men and adult men were also partisans. Romani actors, singers, musicians, dancers (mostly women) performed for soldiers in the front line and in hospitals. A huge number of Roma, including many of the Ruska Roma, died or were murdered in territories occupied by the enemy, in battles, and in the blockade of Leningrad. After World War II, the music of the Ruska Roma became very popular. <a href="/wiki/Romen_Theatre" title="Romen Theatre">Romen Theatre</a>, Romani singers and ensembles prospered. All Romanies living in the USSR began to perceive Ruska Roma culture as the basic Romani culture. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovenia">Slovenia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Slovenia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Slovenia" title="Romani people in Slovenia">Romani people in Slovenia</a></div> It is estimated that between 10,000 and 12,000 Romani people live in Slovenia.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kosovo">Kosovo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Kosovo">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Kosovo" title="Romani people in Kosovo">Romani people in Kosovo</a></div> Kosovan Roma speak either Serbian or Romani as their first language. Most Kosovan Roma are Christian Orthodox, but some practice Islam. 2010 OSCE estimates suggested that there were approximately 34,000 Roma living in Kosovo.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Germany">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Germany" title="Romani people in Germany">Romani people in Germany</a></div> Roma in Germany are estimated to around 170,000-300,000 individuals, constituting around 0.2-0.4% of the German population. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_Republic_2">Czech Republic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Czech Republic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Romani people in the Czech Republic">Romani people in the Czech Republic</a></div>There are estimated to be around 262,000 Romani people in the Czech Republic, constituting around 2.4% of the total population of the Czech Republic.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Poland">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GYPSY_Kazimierz_Alchimowicz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/GYPSY_Kazimierz_Alchimowicz.jpg/220px-GYPSY_Kazimierz_Alchimowicz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/GYPSY_Kazimierz_Alchimowicz.jpg/330px-GYPSY_Kazimierz_Alchimowicz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/GYPSY_Kazimierz_Alchimowicz.jpg/440px-GYPSY_Kazimierz_Alchimowicz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Gypsy by Polish painter <a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Alchimowicz" title="Kazimierz Alchimowicz">Kazimierz Alchimowicz</a>, 1870s</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Poland" title="Romani people in Poland">Romani people in Poland</a></div>In 2011, 17,049 citizens of Poland identified themselves as Roma. The number of Roma in Poland is estimated to be between 25,000 and 30,000.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Serbia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Serbia" title="Romani people in Serbia">Romani people in Serbia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovakia">Slovakia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Slovakia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Slovakia" title="Romani people in Slovakia">Romani people in Slovakia</a></div>There are estimated to be approximately 400,000 Romani people in Slovakia, constituting around 8% of the total population of Slovakia.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovenia_2">Slovenia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Slovenia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Slovenia" title="Romani people in Slovenia">Romani people in Slovenia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Ukraine" title="Romani people in Ukraine">Romani people in Ukraine</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bosnia and Herzegovina">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Romani people in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Romani people in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Croatia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Croatia" title="Romani people in Croatia">Romani people in Croatia</a></div>In the 2021 Croatian Census, 17,980 citizens of Croatia identified themselves as Roma, constituting 0.46% of the total population of Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montenegro">Montenegro</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Montenegro">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Montenegro" title="Romani people in Montenegro">Romani people in Montenegro</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Macedonia">North Macedonia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: North Macedonia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_North_Macedonia" title="Romani people in North Macedonia">Romani people in North Macedonia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Switzerland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Switzerland" title="Romani people in Switzerland">Romani people in Switzerland</a></div> Around 80,000 to 100,000 Roma live in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Western_Europe">Western Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Western Europe">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Belgium">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Belgium" title="Romani people in Belgium">Romani people in Belgium</a></div> There are about 30,000 Roma in Belgium. Romani citizens of Belgium are generally described as Roms, Manouches or Sinti, while others may use additional names.<a href="#cite_note-ERRC-134">[134]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_van_de_Venne_-_Gypsy_camp_-_M.Ob.524_MNW_-_National_Museum_in_Warsaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Jan_van_de_Venne_-_Gypsy_camp_-_M.Ob.524_MNW_-_National_Museum_in_Warsaw.jpg/220px-Jan_van_de_Venne_-_Gypsy_camp_-_M.Ob.524_MNW_-_National_Museum_in_Warsaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Jan_van_de_Venne_-_Gypsy_camp_-_M.Ob.524_MNW_-_National_Museum_in_Warsaw.jpg/330px-Jan_van_de_Venne_-_Gypsy_camp_-_M.Ob.524_MNW_-_National_Museum_in_Warsaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Jan_van_de_Venne_-_Gypsy_camp_-_M.Ob.524_MNW_-_National_Museum_in_Warsaw.jpg/440px-Jan_van_de_Venne_-_Gypsy_camp_-_M.Ob.524_MNW_-_National_Museum_in_Warsaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2797" /></a><figcaption>Gypsy Camp by <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_de_Venne" title="Jan van de Venne">Jan van de Venne</a>, depicting a 17th century Romani encampment in what is now <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Spain">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Spain">Romani people in Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cascarots" title="Cascarots">Cascarots</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg/160px-Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg/240px-Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg/320px-Spanish_Gypsy_NGM-v31-p257.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1554" data-file-height="2172" /></a><figcaption>Spanish Romani woman</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfred_Dehodencq_A_Gypsy_Dance_in_the_Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alfred_Dehodencq_A_Gypsy_Dance_in_the_Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar.jpg/220px-Alfred_Dehodencq_A_Gypsy_Dance_in_the_Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alfred_Dehodencq_A_Gypsy_Dance_in_the_Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar.jpg/330px-Alfred_Dehodencq_A_Gypsy_Dance_in_the_Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alfred_Dehodencq_A_Gypsy_Dance_in_the_Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar.jpg/440px-Alfred_Dehodencq_A_Gypsy_Dance_in_the_Gardens_of_the_Alc%C3%A1zar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2199" /></a><figcaption>A Gypsy Dance in the Gardens of Alcázar by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dehodencq" title="Alfred Dehodencq">Alfred Dehodencq</a>, (1851)</figcaption></figure> Romanies in Spain are generally known as Gitanos and tend to speak <a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_(Spanish_Romani)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caló (Spanish Romani)">Caló</a>, a kind of <a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian Spanish</a> with a large number of Romani <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Estimates of the Spanish Gitano population range between 600,000 and 1,500,000 with the Spanish government estimating between 650,000 and 700,000.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Semi-nomadic <a href="/wiki/Quinqui" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinqui">Quinqui</a> consider themselves apart from the Gitanos. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Portugal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Portugal" title="Romani people in Portugal">Romani people in Portugal</a></div> The Romanies in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> are known as Ciganos, and their presence goes back to the second half of the 15th century. Early on, due to their socio-cultural difference and nomadic style of live, the Ciganos were the object of fierce discrimination and persecution.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> The number of Ciganos in Portugal is difficult to estimate, since there are no official statistics about race or ethnic categories. According to data from <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">European Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> there are about 40,000 to 50,000 spread all over the country.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> According to the Portuguese branch of <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, there are about 30,000 to 50,000.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: France">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diseuse_de_bonne_aventure_aux_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Diseuse_de_bonne_aventure_aux_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer.jpg/220px-Diseuse_de_bonne_aventure_aux_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Diseuse_de_bonne_aventure_aux_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer.jpg/330px-Diseuse_de_bonne_aventure_aux_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Diseuse_de_bonne_aventure_aux_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer.jpg/440px-Diseuse_de_bonne_aventure_aux_Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="964" /></a><figcaption>Fortune teller in the Romani shrine of <a href="/wiki/Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer" title="Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer">Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_France" title="Romani people in France">Romani people in France</a></div> Romanies are generally known in spoken French as Manouches or Tsiganes. Romanichels or Gitans are considered <a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">pejorative</a> and Bohémiens is outdated. Traditionally referred to as gens du voyage ("traveling people"), a term still occasionally used by the media, they are today generally referred to as Roms or Rroms.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> By law, French municipalities over 5,000 inhabitants have the obligation to allocate a piece of land to Romani travellers when they arrive.<a href="#cite_note-Loi_Besson,_Journal_officiel_de_la_République_française-142">[142]</a> Approximately 500,000 Roma live in France as part of established communities. Additionally, the French Roma rights group <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tudes_tsiganes" class="extiw" title="fr:Études tsiganes">FNASAT</a> reports that there are at least 12,000 Roma, primarily from Romania and Bulgaria, living in illegal urban camps throughout the country. French authorities often close down these encampments. In 2009, the government returned more than 10,000 Roma illegal immigrants to Romania and Bulgaria.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Q&A-143">[143]</a> In the summer of 2012, with mounting criticism of their <a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Roma_migrants_from_France" title="Deportation of Roma migrants from France">deportation of Roma migrants</a>, French key ministers met for emergency talks on the handling of an estimated 15,000 Roma living in camps across France. They proposed to lift restrictions on migrants (including Roma) from Bulgaria and Romania who were working in France.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_Focus-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Italy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Italy" title="Romani people in Italy">Romani people in Italy</a></div> Romani in Italy are generally known as <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zingaro" class="extiw" title="wikt:zingaro">zingaro</a> (with the plural zingari), a word also used to describe a scruffy or slovenly person or a tinker. The word is likely of Greek origin meaning "untouchables", compare the modern Greek designations Τσιγγάνοι (Tsingánoi), Αθίγγανοι (Athínganoi). People often use the term "Rom", although the people prefer Romani (in Italian Romanì), which is little used. They are sometimes called "nomads", although many live in settled communities. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Netherlands">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Romani people in the Netherlands">Romani people in the Netherlands</a></div> Approximately 37,500 Roma people reside in the Netherlands (0.24% of the Dutch population).<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Luxembourg">edit</a>]</div> Approximately 300 Romanies live in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> (0.06% of the population).<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Northern_Europe">Northern Europe</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Northern Europe">edit</a>]</div> Romani subgroups in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a> include: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">Romanichal</a> in England (As well as North East Wales, South Wales and the Scottish Borders), with diaspora communities in the United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_and_Swedish_Travellers" title="Norwegian and Swedish Travellers">Romanisæl</a> in Central Norway and Sweden.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gypsy_and_Traveller_groups#Lowland_Scottish_Gypsies/Travellers" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gypsy and Traveller groups">Scottish Lowland Roma</a> in Lowland Scotland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kale_(Welsh_Roma)" title="Kale (Welsh Roma)">Welsh Kale</a> in the Welsh-speaking parts of Northwestern Wales.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kale" title="Finnish Kale">Finnish Kale</a> in Finland and parts of Sweden.</li></ol> Roma who have resided in Northern Europe for centuries have much European ancestry and thus may appear indistinguishable to the indigenous peoples of the region. This is due to their ancestors mixing heavily with indigenous Traveller groups (the Romani in Britain mixed with Irish Travellers, Scottish Highland Travellers and Funfair Travellers while Romani in Scandinavia mixed with Indigenous Norwegian Travellers) and even non-Travellers over the centuries. It is also a reason why these groups speak mixed languages rather than more purer forms of <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a>: <ul><li>Romanichal speak <a href="/wiki/Angloromani_language" title="Angloromani language">Angloromani</a> (a mix of English and Romani).</li> <li>Romanisæl speak <a href="/wiki/Scandoromani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandoromani language">Scandoromani</a> (a mix of Norwegian, Swedish and Romani).</li> <li>Scottish Lowland Roma speak <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Cant" title="Scottish Cant">Scottish Cant</a> (a mix of Scots and Romani).</li> <li>Welsh Kale speak <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Romani_language" title="Welsh Romani language">Kalá</a> (a mix of Welsh, English and Romani).</li> <li>Finnish Kale speak <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kalo_language" title="Finnish Kalo language">Kalo</a> (a mix of Finnish and Romani).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Denmark">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Denmark" title="Romani people in Denmark">Romani people in Denmark</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> estimates that there are around 5,500 Romanies living in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (0.1% of the population).<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estonia">Estonia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Estonia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Estonia" title="Romani people in Estonia">Romani people in Estonia</a></div> The Roma population in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> is small. The official number of Roma people in Estonia is 584 with the average estimate of 1,250 and the percentage of Estonian Roma in the total population is 0.1% The oldest data on Roma in Estonia date back to the year 1533.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iceland">Iceland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Iceland">edit</a>]</div> Romani families from Romania, Bulgarian and Poland have been living and working in <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> as part of the East European labour migrant communities.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Romani people in the United Kingdom">Romani people in the United Kingdom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_gypsy_family_(5078753120).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A_gypsy_family_%285078753120%29.jpg/220px-A_gypsy_family_%285078753120%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A_gypsy_family_%285078753120%29.jpg/330px-A_gypsy_family_%285078753120%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/A_gypsy_family_%285078753120%29.jpg/440px-A_gypsy_family_%285078753120%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="1159" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Kale" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Kale">Welsh Kale</a> Romani family in <a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></figcaption></figure> Romani people in England, Scotland and Wales generally call themselves “Gypsies”, “Romany Gypsies” or “Romanies”. <a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">Romanichal</a> are found in England (As well as South Wales, Northeast Wales and the Scottish Borders), and they speak <a href="/wiki/Angloromani_language" title="Angloromani language">Angloromani</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kale_(Welsh_Roma)" title="Kale (Welsh Roma)">Welsh Kale</a> are Welsh Romani, they are found in the Welsh-speaking parts of Northwestern Wales, and they speak <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Romani_language" title="Welsh Romani language">Welsh Kalá</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gypsy_and_Traveller_groups#Lowland_Roma_(Lowland_Gypsies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gypsy and Traveller groups">Scottish Lowland Roma</a> are Romani people found in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Scottish Lowlands</a>. They speak <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Cant" title="Scottish Cant">Scottish Cant</a>. Romani have been recorded in the UK since at least the early 16th century. Records of Romani people in Scotland date to the early 16th century. Many Romanichal emigrated to the British colonies and to the United States during the centuries. Romani number around 300,000 in the UK. This includes the sizable population of Eastern European Roma, who immigrated into the UK in the late 1990s/early 2000s, and also after EU expansion in 2004. The first recorded reference to "the Egyptians" appeared to be in 1492, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">James IV</a>, when an entry in the Book of the Lord High Treasurer records a payment "to Peter Ker of four shillings, to go to the king at Hunthall, to get letters subscribed to the 'King of Rowmais'". Two days after, a payment of twenty pounds was made at the king's command to the messenger of the 'King of Rowmais'.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> According to the Scottish Traveller Education Programme, an estimated 20,000 Scottish Gypsies/Travellers live in Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> this includes Scottish Lowland Romani Travellers, Indigenous Scottish Lowland Travellers, Irish Travellers, Funfair Travellers (Showman) as well as Eastern European Roma. In some parts of the UK, the Romani may be referred to as "tinkers" because of their traditional trade as tinsmiths. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Travellers" title="Irish Travellers">Irish Travellers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gypsy_and_Traveller_groups#Indigenous_Highland_Travellers" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gypsy and Traveller groups">Scottish Highland Travellers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Showman#United_Kingdom" title="Showman">Funfair Travellers</a> (Showman) are non-Romani Travelling groups found in the United Kingdom. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Ireland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Ireland" title="Romani people in Ireland">Romani people in Ireland</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Finland">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kale" title="Finnish Kale">Finnish Kale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Finland" title="Romani people in Finland">Romani people in Finland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolme_romaninaista.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kolme_romaninaista.jpg/220px-Kolme_romaninaista.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kolme_romaninaista.jpg/330px-Kolme_romaninaista.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kolme_romaninaista.jpg/440px-Kolme_romaninaista.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Three <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kale" title="Finnish Kale">Finnish Kale</a> Romani women in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, 1930s</figcaption></figure> The Kale (or Kaale) Romani of Finland are known in <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> as mustalaiset ('blacks', cf. <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a>: kalò, 'black') or romanit. Approximately 10,000 Romani live in Finland, mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki Metropolitan Area">Helsinki Metropolitan Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> In Finland, many Romani people wear their traditional dress in daily life.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Finnish Kale speak <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kalo_language" title="Finnish Kalo language">Finnish Kalo</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway_and_Sweden">Norway and Sweden</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Norway and Sweden">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_and_Swedish_Travellers" title="Norwegian and Swedish Travellers">Norwegian and Swedish Travellers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Norway" title="Romani people in Norway">Romani people in Norway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Sweden" title="Romani people in Sweden">Romani people in Sweden</a></div> Romanisæl in Sweden are the Romani group of Norway and Sweden. They speak <a href="/wiki/Scandoromani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandoromani language">Scandoromani</a>. Recently the term romer has been adopted as a collective designation which encompasses Romanisæl and Eastern European Roma migrant communities, with Resande (meaning “travellers” or “those who travel”) referring to Romanisæl only. Approximately 120,000 Romani live in Sweden,<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> including 65,000~ Romanisæl, the Norwegian and Swedish Romani group, 3,000~ <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kale" title="Finnish Kale">Finnish Kale</a>, the Finnish Romani group who immigrated in the 1960s,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> and 50,000~ Eastern European Roma, who have only started to immigrate to Sweden (as well as Norway, Finland and Britain) in recent years. Romanisæl in Sweden have periodically suffered discrimination at the hands of the state. For example, the state has taken children into foster care, or sterilised Romani women without their consent. Prejudice against Romanies is widespread, with most stereotypes portraying the Romani as welfare cheats, shoplifters, and con artists. For example, in 1992, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Karlsson" title="Bert Karlsson">Bert Karlsson</a>, a leader of <a href="/wiki/Ny_Demokrati" class="mw-redirect" title="Ny Demokrati">Ny Demokrati</a>, said, "Gypsies are responsible for 90% of crime against senior citizens" in Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> He had earlier tried to ban Romani from his <a href="/wiki/Skara_Sommarland" title="Skara Sommarland">Skara Sommarland</a> theme park, as he thought they were thieves. Some shopkeepers, employers and landlords continue to discriminate against Romani.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> The situation is improving. Several Romani organisations promote education about Romani rights and culture in Sweden. Since 2000, <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani chib</a> is an officially recognised minority language in Sweden. The Swedish government has established a special standing Delegation for Romani Issues. A Romani <a href="/wiki/Folk_high_school" title="Folk high school">folk high school</a> has been founded in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latvia">Latvia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Latvia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Latvia" title="Romani people in Latvia">Romani people in Latvia</a></div> The Roma are one of Latvia's oldest ethnic minorities. According to the Office for Citizenship and Migration Affairs there were 7,456 Roma living in Latvia as of 1 January 2017, comprising 0.3% of the total population.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lithuania">Lithuania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Lithuania">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Lithuania" title="Romani people in Lithuania">Romani people in Lithuania</a></div> According to The Department of Statistics under the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, in 2011 general population and housing census data shows that 2,115 Roma lived in Lithuania. The Roma are concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai" title="Šiauliai">Šiauliai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panev%C4%97%C5%BEys" title="Panevėžys">Panevėžys</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0al%C4%8Dininkai" title="Šalčininkai">Šalčininkai</a> in Lithuania. Kirtimai is the largest Romani settlement in Vilnius.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Central_Asia">Central Asia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Central Asia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lyuli" title="Lyuli">Lyuli</a></div> There is a small Roma community in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="West_Asia">West Asia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: West Asia">edit</a>]</div> One route taken by the medieval proto-Romani cut across Indian Subcontinent to Roman Egypt and <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> to Europe. Numerous Romani continue to live in Asia Minor.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Other Romani populations in the Middle East are the result of modern migrations from Europe. Also found in the Middle East are various groups of the <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom people</a>, often identified as "gypsies." They are derived from a migration out of northwestern India beginning about 600 years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-Isabel-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Comas-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenia">Armenia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Armenia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Lom people</a></div> There is a <a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Lom</a> community in Armenia. They speak <a href="/wiki/Lomavren" class="mw-redirect" title="Lomavren">Lomavren</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Azerbaijan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Garachi" title="Garachi">Garachi</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgia">Georgia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Georgia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Romani people in Georgia (country)">Romani people in Georgia (country)</a></div> Approximately 1,500 Roma are registered in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>. They primarily live in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gachiani" title="Gachiani">Gachiani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyprus">Cyprus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Cyprus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Cyprus" title="Romani people in Cyprus">Romani people in Cyprus</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History">History</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Historians estimate that the first immigrants came between 1322 and 1400, when Cyprus was under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Lusignan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusignan">Lusignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusader</a>) kings. These Roma were part of a general movement from <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> to Europe. Those who landed on Cyprus probably came across from the Crusader colonies on the eastern Mediterranean coast.<a href="#cite_note-domresearchcenter-166">[166]</a> There is no evidence suggesting one cause for the Roma to leave mainland Asia, but historical events caused widespread upheaval and may have prompted a move to the island. In 1347 the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> had reached <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>; in 1390 the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Turks</a> defeated the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Greek kingdom</a> in Asia; and ten years later, the <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Aleppo_(1400)" title="Sack of Aleppo (1400)">Battle of Aleppo</a> marked the advance of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> under <a href="/wiki/Tamerlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamerlane">Tamerlane</a>. The first surviving written record of Roma in Cyprus is from 1468. In the Chronicle of Cyprus compiled by Florio Bustron, the Cingani are said to have paid tax to the royal treasury, at that time under <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Cyprus" title="James II of Cyprus">King James II</a>. Later, in 1549, the French traveler Andre Theret found "les <a href="/wiki/Egyptians" title="Egyptians">Egyptiens</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemiens</a>" in Cyprus and other <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> islands. He noted their simple way of life, supported by the production of nails by the men and belts by the women, which they sold to the local population. During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Cyprus was on a regular shipping route from <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a>, Italy to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>. Second immigration likely took place sometime after the Turks dominated the island in 1571. Some <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a> came in the 19th century. Currently, Muslim Roma in Cyprus refer to themselves as <a href="/wiki/Gurbeti" title="Gurbeti">Gurbeti</a>, and their language as <a href="/wiki/Kurbetcha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurbetcha">Kurbetcha</a>, although most no longer speak it. <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>-speaking Roma are known as Mantides.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> According to the Council of Europe there are 1000–1500 (0.16%) Romanis living in Cyprus .<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Names_of_Roma_in_Cyprus">Names of Roma in Cyprus</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Names of Roma in Cyprus">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Tsinganos: the official term used in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> documents and written material. It comes from the term Cingani (used in the 1468 text), which in turn comes from the archaic word Adsincan, used in mediaeval Byzantium.</li> <li>Yiftos: the <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot dialect</a> form of mainland Greek Yiftos. This is common in speech and comes from earlier Aigiptos, a reference to the earlier belief that the Romanies came from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-domresearchcenter-166">[166]</a></li> <li>Gurbeti: the local term used by Turkish-speaking Cypriots, a Roma group of <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Doms</a> which is also present in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li></ul> (For additional names of Roma in Greek-speaking Cyprus, see <a href="/wiki/Roma_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma in Greece">Roma in Greece</a>) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Iran">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Persian_Romani" title="Persian Romani">Persian Romani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zargari_tribe" title="Zargari tribe">Zargari tribe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Iran">Romani people in Iran</a></div> There is a gypsy community in Persia.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Israel">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Israel" title="Doms in Israel">Doms in Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Romanian Jews in Israel">Romanian Jews in Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Romani_relations" title="Jewish–Romani relations">Jewish–Romani relations</a></div> A community anciently related to the Romani are the <a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom people</a>. Some live in Israel, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> and in neighboring countries.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jordan">Jordan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Jordan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Jordan" title="Doms in Jordan">Doms in Jordan</a></div> 70,000 Doms live in Jordan.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebanon">Lebanon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Lebanon">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Lebanon" title="Doms in Lebanon">Doms in Lebanon</a></div> It is estimated that there are 8,000 Romanis or Domaris in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> The language of Romanis is called Domari in Lebanon and neighboring countries.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> There is evidence that child labor was prevalent in Romani communities in Lebanon.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkey">Turkey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Turkey">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Turkey" title="Romani people in Turkey">Romani people in Turkey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kakava2015_(23).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kakava2015_%2823%29.JPG/220px-Kakava2015_%2823%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kakava2015_%2823%29.JPG/330px-Kakava2015_%2823%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kakava2015_%2823%29.JPG/440px-Kakava2015_%2823%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3624" data-file-height="2334" /></a><figcaption>Romani people at a <a href="/wiki/Kakava" title="Kakava">Kakava</a> celebration in <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>, 2015</figcaption></figure> Romani people in Turkey are generally known as Romanlar, Çingene, Çingen, or Çingan, as well as Çingit (West Black Sea region), Kıptî (meaning <a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">Coptic</a>), Şopar (<a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rklareli" title="Kırklareli">Kırklareli</a>), Romanlar (<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>)<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> and Gipleri (derived from the term "Egyptian"). Since the late twentieth century, some have started to recognize and cherish their Romani background as well.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Music, <a href="/wiki/Blacksmithing" class="mw-redirect" title="Blacksmithing">blacksmithing</a> and other handicrafts are their main occupations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: South Asia">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Afghanistan">edit</a>]</div> There is a <a href="/wiki/Jogi_(caste)" title="Jogi (caste)">Jogi</a> community in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> There is a Romani community in Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: East Asia">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: China">edit</a>]</div> Roma came to China via Persia.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> There was a Romani community in Shanghai in the late 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_America">North America</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: North America">edit</a>]</div> Most Romani people in the Americas speak English, French, Spanish or Portuguese.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roma_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma in the United States">Roma in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emil_Mitchell,_King_of_Gypsies_LCCN2014688505.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Emil_Mitchell%2C_King_of_Gypsies_LCCN2014688505.jpg/220px-Emil_Mitchell%2C_King_of_Gypsies_LCCN2014688505.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Emil_Mitchell%2C_King_of_Gypsies_LCCN2014688505.jpg/330px-Emil_Mitchell%2C_King_of_Gypsies_LCCN2014688505.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Emil_Mitchell%2C_King_of_Gypsies_LCCN2014688505.jpg/440px-Emil_Mitchell%2C_King_of_Gypsies_LCCN2014688505.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5847" data-file-height="4260" /></a><figcaption>Romani men in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, 1900</figcaption></figure> At the beginning of the 19th century, the first major Romani group, the <a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">Romanichal</a> from Great Britain, arrived in North America, although some had also immigrated during the colonial era. They settled primarily in the United States, which was then more established than most English-speaking communities in Upper Canada. Later immigrants also settled in Canada. The ancestors of the majority of the contemporary local Romani population in the United States, who are Eastern European Roma, started to immigrate during the second half of the century, drawn by opportunities for industrial jobs. Among these groups were the <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a>-speaking peoples such as the <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machvaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Machvaya">Machvaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lovari_(Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovari (Roma)">Lovari</a> and Churari, as well as groups who had adopted the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian language</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a> (Ludari). Most arrived either directly from Romania after their liberation from <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Romania" title="Slavery in Romania">slavery</a> between 1840 and 1850, or after a short-period in neighboring states, such as <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. The Bashalde arrived from what is now <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> (then Austria-Hungary) about the same time. Many settled in the major industrial cities of the era.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Immigration from Eastern Europe decreased drastically in the post-World War II era, during the years of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Communist rule</a>. It resumed in the 1990s after the fall of Communism. Romani organizations estimate that there are about one million Romani in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-time-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Cuba">edit</a>]</div> An <a href="/wiki/Afro-Romani" title="Afro-Romani">Afro-Romani</a> population exists in central <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barbados">Barbados</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Barbados">edit</a>]</div> England banished the Roma to <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> during the colonial era. According to folklore, the Romani population intermarried with the local indigenous people.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Canada" title="Romani people in Canada">Romani people in Canada</a></div> According to the <a href="/wiki/Canada_2006_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2006 Census">2006 Canadian census</a>, there were 2,590 Canadians of full or partial Romani descent.<a href="#cite_note-statcan1-187">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Mexico">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Mexico">Romani people in Mexico</a></div> According to data collected by the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_Estad%C3%ADstica_y_Geograf%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía">Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía</a>, the Romani in Mexico numbered 15,850,<a href="#cite_note-IPS-188">[188]</a> however, the total number is likely larger.<a href="#cite_note-IPS-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caribbean">Caribbean</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Caribbean">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern era">early modern era</a>, Romani slaves were transported to <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonies in the Caribbean</a> from the 15th to 18th centuries. The first Romani slaves to arrive in the Caribbean came as part of the <a href="/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus#Third_voyage_(1498–1500)" title="Voyages of Christopher Columbus">third voyage</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> in 1498. In 1793, writer John Moreton noted in his work West India Customs and Manners that many Romani in <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Jamaica" title="Colony of Jamaica">Jamaica</a> worked as <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitutes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_America">South America</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: South America">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Argentina">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Argentina" title="Romani people in Argentina">Romani people in Argentina</a></div> The Romani people in Argentina number more than 300,000. They traditionally support themselves by trading used cars and selling their jewelry, while travelling all over the country.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Brazil">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Brazil" title="Romani people in Brazil">Romani people in Brazil</a></div> Romani groups settled the Brazilian states of <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a>, Rio de Janeiro and <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a> primarily in the late 19th century. The Machvaya came from present-day Serbia (then Austria-Hungary), the Kalderash from Romania, the <a href="/wiki/Lovari_(Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovari (Roma)">Lovari</a> from Italy, and the <a href="/wiki/Horahane" class="mw-redirect" title="Horahane">Horahane</a> from Greece and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Initially, the Romani in Brazil were believed to be descended from ancestors who were exiled in the colony by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Inquisition" title="Portuguese Inquisition">Portuguese Inquisition</a> but more has been learned about the peoples. The current population of ethnic Romani is estimated at 600,000. Most are descended from ethnic Kalderash, Macwaia, Rudari, Horahane, and Lovara. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Chile">edit</a>]</div> A sizeable population of Romani people live in Chile. As they continue their traditions and language, they are a distinct minority who are widely recognized. Many continue semi-nomadic lifestyles, travelling from city to city and living in small tented communities. A Chilean <a href="/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela">telenovela</a> called Romane was based on the Romani. It portrayed their lifestyles, ideas and occasionally featured the Chilean-born actors speaking in the Romani language, with subtitles in Spanish. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombia">Colombia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Colombia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Colombia" title="Romani people in Colombia">Romani people in Colombia</a></div> The first Romani in Colombia are thought to have come from Spain and were formerly known as Egipcios settling primarily in the Departments of <a href="/wiki/Santander_Department" title="Santander Department">Santander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norte_de_Santander_Department" title="Norte de Santander Department">Norte de Santander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A1ntico_Department" title="Atlántico Department">Atlántico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolima_Department" title="Tolima Department">Tolima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antioquia_Department" title="Antioquia Department">Antioquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sucre_Department" title="Sucre Department">Sucre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Bogotá D.C.">Bogotá D.C.</a> and in smaller numbers in the Departments of <a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvar_Department" title="Bolívar Department">Bolívar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nari%C3%B1o_Department" title="Nariño Department">Nariño</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valle_del_Cauca_Department" title="Valle del Cauca Department">Valle del Cauca</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> In 1999, the Colombian Government recognized the Romani people as a national ethnic minority, and today, around 8,000 Roma are present in Colombia. Their <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">language</a> has been officially recognized as a minority language.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecuador">Ecuador</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Ecuador">edit</a>]</div> Romani people have been in Ecuador since the late 1800s and early 1900s. Ecuadorian Roma live in the provinces of Carchi, Imbabura, Cotopaxi, Pichincha, Tungurahua, Chimborazo, El Oro, Manab and El Guayas. It is estimated that there are 1,000 Roma in Ecuador.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peru">Peru</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Peru">edit</a>]</div> There is a Romani community in <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Venezuela">edit</a>]</div> There is a significant Romani population in <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> with most being of the <a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Cale</a> vitsa. Most came in migration from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, or <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> due to persecution. With them, they brought <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%B3_language" title="Caló language">Caló language</a> and opened schools of dance in <a href="/wiki/Maracaibo" title="Maracaibo">Maracaibo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Venezuela" title="Valencia, Venezuela">Valencia</a>. A large amount of <a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Romani_relations#Judeo-Kale" title="Jewish–Romani relations">Judeo-Kale</a> also came to Venezuela, some during the Spanish inquisition, others fleeing from Anti-Roma laws in Spain. A population of around 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a> Roma live in Venezuela as well. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Uruguay">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Uruguay" title="Romani people in Uruguay">Romani people in Uruguay</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angola">Angola</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: Angola">edit</a>]</div> In spite of a ban introduced in 1720, a number of Romani families arrived in the country during the time when Angola was a Portuguese colony. It is unlikely the community survived to the present day.<a href="#cite_note-Kenrick-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: South Africa">edit</a>]</div> A small number of <a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a> live in South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Kenrick-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Egypt">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Egypt" title="Doms in Egypt">Doms in Egypt</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algeria">Algeria</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Algeria">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Algeria" title="Romani people in Algeria">Romani people in Algeria</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cape_Verde">Cape Verde</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: Cape Verde">edit</a>]</div> Portuguese Roma were banished to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tunisia">Tunisia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: Tunisia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Tunisia" title="Doms in Tunisia">Doms in Tunisia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libya">Libya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: Libya">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Libya" title="Doms in Libya">Doms in Libya</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="São_Tomé_and_Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section: São Tomé and Príncipe">edit</a>]</div> Portuguese Roma were exiled to <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sudan">Sudan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section: Sudan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Sudan" title="Doms in Sudan">Doms in Sudan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oceania">Oceania</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section: Oceania">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=91" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Australia" title="Romani people in Australia">Romani people in Australia</a></div> There is a small Romani population in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=92" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> A small Romani community exists in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. There are an estimated 1,500–3,000 Roma individuals in New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=93" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Route" title="Roma Route">Roma Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romani_people" title="List of Romani people">List of Romani people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romani_settlements" title="List of Romani settlements">List of Romani settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Romani_people" title="History of the Romani people">History of the Romani people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_diaspora" title="South Asian diaspora">South Asian diaspora</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=94" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070706183038/http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/Documentation/strategies/statistiques_en.asp">"Council of Europe website"</a>. European Roma and Travellers Forum (ERTF). 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/Documentation/strategies/statistiques_en.asp#P11_143">the original</a> on 6 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council+of+Europe+website&rft.pub=European+Roma+and+Travellers+Forum+%28ERTF%29&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Ft%2Fdg3%2Fromatravellers%2FDocumentation%2Fstrategies%2Fstatistiques_en.asp%23P11_143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Isabel-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Isabel_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Isabel_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendizabal2012" class="citation journal cs1">Mendizabal, Isabel (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2012.10.039">"Reconstructing the Population History of European Romani from Genome-wide Data"</a>. Current Biology. 22 (24): 2342–2349. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012CBio...22.2342M">2012CBio...22.2342M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2012.10.039">10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.039</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10230%2F25348">10230/25348</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23219723">23219723</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=Reconstructing+the+Population+History+of+European+Romani+from+Genome-wide+Data&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=2342-2349&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10230%2F25348&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23219723&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2012.10.039&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012CBio...22.2342M&rft.aulast=Mendizabal&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cub.2012.10.039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Comas-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Comas_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Comas_3-1">b</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/11/science/genomic-study-traces-roma-to-northern-india.html?_r=0">Genomic Study Traces Roma to Northern India"</a>, The New York Times, 10 December 2012. Findings recently reported also in Current Biology. </li> <li id="cite_note-time2-4"><a href="#cite_ref-time2_4-0">^</a> Quote: "Today, estimates put the number of Roma in the U.S. at about one million." </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Mission To Earth. p. 244.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mission+To+Earth&rft.pages=244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunalMutua2013" class="citation book cs1">Sunal, Cynthia S.; Mutua, Kagendo (1 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PwQoDwAAQBAJ&dq=gypsies+outside+europe+middle+east+the+americas&pg=PA206">Research on the Influences of Educational Policy on Teaching and Learning</a>. IAP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781623962524" title="Special:BookSources/9781623962524"><bdi>9781623962524</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Research+on+the+Influences+of+Educational+Policy+on+Teaching+and+Learning&rft.pub=IAP&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft.isbn=9781623962524&rft.aulast=Sunal&rft.aufirst=Cynthia+S.&rft.au=Mutua%2C+Kagendo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPwQoDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dgypsies%2Boutside%2Beurope%2Bmiddle%2Beast%2Bthe%2Bamericas%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1UHhAAAAMAAJ&q=gypsies+hispaniola+columbus">The Lion and the Unicorn - Volumes 11-12</a>. 1987. p. 48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lion+and+the+Unicorn+-+Volumes+11-12&rft.pages=48&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1UHhAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dgypsies%2Bhispaniola%2Bcolumbus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> 3.8 million according to Pan and Pfeil, National Minorities in Europe (2004), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7003-1443-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7003-1443-1">978-3-7003-1443-1</a>, p. 27f.; 9.1 million in the high estimate of Liégois, Jean-Pierre (2007). Roms en Europe, Éditions du Conseil de l'Europe. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091006045453/http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/Documentation/strategies/statistiques_en.asp">Roma Travellers Statistics</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 6 October 2009), Council of Europe, compilation of population estimates. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/Documentation/strategies/statistiques_en.asp">the original</a>, 6 October 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-02-01-roma-europe_x.htm">"European effort spotlights plight of the Roma"</a>, USA Today, 1 February 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChiriac2004" class="citation web cs1">Chiriac, Marian (29 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823211302/http://other-news.info/index.php?p=172#more-172">"It Now Suits the EU to Help the Roma"</a>. Other-News.info. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://other-news.info/index.php?p=172#more-172">the original</a> on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It+Now+Suits+the+EU+to+Help+the+Roma&rft.pub=Other-News.info&rft.date=2004-09-29&rft.aulast=Chiriac&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fother-news.info%2Findex.php%3Fp%3D172%23more-172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Hancock, Ian, 2001, Ame sam e rromane džene / We are the Romani People, The Open Society Institute, New York, page 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Matras, Yaron, Romani: A linguistic introduction, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 5 </li> <li id="cite_note-Names_of_the_Romani_People-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Names_of_the_Romani_People_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080507070621/http://desicritics.org/2007/12/24/012125.php">"Names of the Romani People"</a>. Desicritics.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://desicritics.org/2007/12/24/012125.php">the original</a> on 7 May 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Desicritics.org&rft.atitle=Names+of+the+Romani+People&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdesicritics.org%2F2007%2F12%2F24%2F012125.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zigane.pp.ru/history14.htm">N. Bessonov, N. Demeter "Ethnic groups of Gypsies"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429083140/http://zigane.pp.ru/history14.htm">Archived</a> 29 April 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Zigane website, Russia </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeastgypsies.com">"Middle East Gypsies"</a>. Middleastgypsies.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middleastgypsies.com&rft.atitle=Middle+East+Gypsies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastgypsies.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823211302/http://other-news.info/index.php?p=172#more-172">"It Now Suits the EU to Help the Roma"</a>. Other-news.info. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://other-news.info/index.php?p=172#more-172">the original</a> on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Other-news.info&rft.atitle=It+Now+Suits+the+EU+to+Help+the+Roma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fother-news.info%2Findex.php%3Fp%3D172%23more-172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/1654291/afghanistans-forgotten-gypsies-seek-legal-recognition">"Afghanistan's forgotten gypsies seek legal recognition"</a>. The Express Tribune. 8 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%27s+forgotten+gypsies+seek+legal+recognition&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F1654291%2Fafghanistans-forgotten-gypsies-seek-legal-recognition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Albania-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Albania_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Albania_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorityrights.org/communities/roma/">"Roma in Albania"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roma+in+Albania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorityrights.org%2Fcommunities%2Froma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rm.coe.int/1680088ea9">Sheet1 - https://rm. coe. int - The Council of Europe</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=rme">"Angloromani"</a>. Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue.com&rft.atitle=Angloromani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_language.asp%3Fcode%3Drme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPL-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_22-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_22-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_22-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_22-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_22-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_22-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_22-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_22-10">k</a> Jean-Pierre Liégeois, Roma, Tsiganes, Voyageurs, p.34, Conseil de l'Europe, 1994 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikel2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mikel, Hubert (1 May 2008). "Das Österreichische Volksgruppenzentrum". Europäisches Journal für Minderheitenfragen. 1 (2): 131–133. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12241-008-0015-y">10.1007/s12241-008-0015-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147572312">147572312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europ%C3%A4isches+Journal+f%C3%BCr+Minderheitenfragen&rft.atitle=Das+%C3%96sterreichische+Volksgruppenzentrum&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-133&rft.date=2008-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12241-008-0015-y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147572312%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mikel&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-echo1-24"><a href="#cite_ref-echo1_24-0">^</a> (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.echo-az.com/archive/2006_12/1481/obshestvo06.shtml">Our Roma Neighbours</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215455/http://www.echo-az.com/archive/2006_12/1481/obshestvo06.shtml">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Kamal Ali. Echo. 30 December 2006. Retrieved 29 April 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarushiakovaPopov2016" class="citation book cs1">Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin (13 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/37870913">GYPSIES IN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319410562" title="Special:BookSources/9783319410562"><bdi>9783319410562</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GYPSIES+IN+CENTRAL+ASIA+AND+THE+CAUCASUS&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016-10-13&rft.isbn=9783319410562&rft.aulast=Marushiakova&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft.au=Popov%2C+Vesselin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F37870913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081203125638/http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/census/p5.php">"POPULATION CENSUS' 1999"</a>. Belstat.gov.by. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/census/p5.php">the original</a> on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belstat.gov.by&rft.atitle=POPULATION+CENSUS%27+1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelstat.gov.by%2Fhomep%2Fen%2Fcensus%2Fp5.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010422065029/http://www.belarus-misc.org/gene-rom.htm">"From 50,000 to 60,000 Gypsies currently live in Belarus, mostly in the provinces of Homel (Gomel) and Mahilau (Mogilyov), and especially in the towns and cities of Bobruisk, Zhlobin, Gomel, Kalinkovichi, Zhitkovichi, Mogilyov, Vitebsk, Minsk, and Turov"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belarus-misc.org/gene-rom.htm">the original</a> on 22 April 2001. Retrieved 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+50%2C000+to+60%2C000+Gypsies+currently+live+in+Belarus%2C+mostly+in+the+provinces+of+Homel+%28Gomel%29+and+Mahilau+%28Mogilyov%29%2C+and+especially+in+the+towns+and+cities+of+Bobruisk%2C+Zhlobin%2C+Gomel%2C+Kalinkovichi%2C+Zhitkovichi%2C+Mogilyov%2C+Vitebsk%2C+Minsk%2C+and+Turov.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belarus-misc.org%2Fgene-rom.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> 2013 census </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>'s average estimate </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> According to the last official census in 2001, 370,908 Bulgarian citizens define their identity as Roma (official results <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsi.bg/Census_e/Ethnos.htm">here</a>). 313,000 self-declared in the 1992 census (Elena Marushiakova and Vesselin Popov, The Gypsies of Bulgaria: Problems of the Multicultural Museum Exhibition (1995), cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091026165839/http://geocities.com/~patrin/bulgaria-hstry.htm">"Patrin Web Journal"</a>. Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patrin+Web+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeocities.com%2F~patrin%2Fbulgaria-hstry.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)). According to Marushiakova and Popov, "The Roma in Bulgaria", Sofia, 1993, the people who declared Romani identity in 1956 were about 194,000; in 1959—214,167; in 1976—373,200; because of the obvious and significant difference between the number of Bulgarian citizens with Romani self-identification and this of the large total population with physical appearance and cultural particularity similar to Romanies in 1980, the authorities took special census of all people, defined as Roma through the opinions of the neighboring population, observations of their way of life, cultural specificity, etc.—523,519; in the 1989 the authorities counted 576,927 people as Roma, but noted that more than a half of them preferred and declared Turkish identity (pages 92–93). According to the rough personal assumption of Marushiakova and Popov, the total number of all people with Romani ethnic identity plus all people of Romani origin with different ethnic self-identification around 1993 was about 800,000 (pages 94–95). Similar supposition Marushiakova and Popov made in 1995: estimate 750,000 ±50,000. Some international sources mention the estimates of some unnamed experts, who suggest 700,000–800,000 or higher than figures in the official census, <a href="/wiki/UNDP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDP">UNDP</a>'s Regional Bureau for Europe). These mass non-Romani ethnic partialities are confirmed in the light of the last census in 2001—more than 300,000 Bulgarian citizens of Romani origin traditionally declare their ethnic identity as <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarian</a>. Other statistics: 450,000 estimated in 1990 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/bulgaria/25.htm">U.S. Library of Congress study</a>); at least 553,466 cited in a confidential census by the Ministry of the Interior in 1992 (cf Marushiakova and Popov 1995). </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1998" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Ronald (October 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614111814/http://home.cogeco.ca/~rcctoronto/pdfs/fs08canada.pdf">"RCAC fact sheet 8 ROMA IN CANADA"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.cogeco.ca/~rcctoronto/pdfs/fs08canada.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCAC+fact+sheet+8+ROMA+IN+CANADA&rft.date=1998-10&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.cogeco.ca%2F~rcctoronto%2Fpdfs%2Ffs08canada.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=rmy">"Romani, Vlax"</a>. Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue.com&rft.atitle=Romani%2C+Vlax&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_language.asp%3Fcode%3Drmy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dane.gov.co-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dane.gov.co_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dane.gov.co_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/etnia/sys/visibilidad_estadistica_etnicos.pdf">"La visibilización estadística de los grupos étnicos colombianos"</a> (PDF). Dane.gov.co. Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dane.gov.co&rft.atitle=La+visibilizaci%C3%B3n+estad%C3%ADstica+de+los+grupos+%C3%A9tnicos+colombianos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dane.gov.co%2Ffiles%2Fcenso2005%2Fetnia%2Fsys%2Fvisibilidad_estadistica_etnicos.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_Republic_of_Croatia" class="citation web cs1">Central Bureau of Statistics of Republic of Croatia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/Census2001/Popis/E01_02_02/E01_02_02.html">"Census 2001, Population by Ethnicity, by Towns/Municipalities"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+2001%2C+Population+by+Ethnicity%2C+by+Towns%2FMunicipalities&rft.au=Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+Republic+of+Croatia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dzs.hr%2FEng%2Fcensuses%2FCensus2001%2FPopis%2FE01_02_02%2FE01_02_02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-35"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061007102931/http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf">"Roma in the Balkan context"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 October 2006. Retrieved 7 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roma+in+the+Balkan+context&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropeandcis.undp.org%2Fuploads%2Fpublic%2FFile%2Frbec_web%2Fvgr%2Fchapter1.1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/roma-and-eu/roma-integration-eu-country/roma-integration-cyprus_en">"Roma integration in Cyprus"</a>. 14 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190114105434/https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/combatting-discrimination/roma-and-eu/roma-integration-eu-country/roma-integration-cyprus_en">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2019. 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Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pmlp.gov.lv&rft.atitle=Pilson%C4%ABbas+un+migr%C4%81cijas+lietu+p%C4%81rvalde+%E2%80%93+K%C4%BC%C5%ABda+404&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmlp.gov.lv%2Flv%2Fstatistika%2Fdokuments%2F2012%2FISVN_Latvija_pec_TTB_VPD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Estimated by the <a href="/wiki/Soros" class="mw-redirect" title="Soros">Soros</a> foundation </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/kniga_13.pdf">"2002 census: UNDP's Regional Bureau for Europe"</a> (PDF). Romnews.com. 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Retrieved 27 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Como+Entender+el+Concepto+de+Segmento+de+Mercado&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.web4desi.com%2FArticles%2F36-ArticlesbyJorgeMFernandezBernal%2F52-the-rom-in-the-americas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090604153202/http://www.teamromany.com/content.cfm?id=2013">"Teamromany – Roma in Moldova"</a>. Teamromany.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teamromany.com/content.cfm?id=2013">the original</a> on 4 June 2009. 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Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coe.int&rft.atitle=Roma+and+Travellers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Ft%2Fdg3%2Fromatravellers%2FDocumentation%2Fstrategies%2Fstatistiques_en.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_61-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_61-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061007102931/http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf">"UNDP's Regional Bureau for Europe"</a> (PDF). Europeancis.undp.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 October 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europeancis.undp.org&rft.atitle=UNDP%27s+Regional+Bureau+for+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropeandcis.undp.org%2Fuploads%2Fpublic%2FFile%2Frbec_web%2Fvgr%2Fchapter1.1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/2018-census-ethnic-group-summaries/gypsy">"2018 Census ethnic group summaries | Stats NZ"</a>. www.stats.govt.nz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stats.govt.nz&rft.atitle=2018+Census+ethnic+group+summaries+%26%23124%3B+Stats+NZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Ftools%2F2018-census-ethnic-group-summaries%2Fgypsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=NO">"Norway"</a>. Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue.com&rft.atitle=Norway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3DNO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radoc.net/radoc.php?doc=art_c_language_scandoromani&lang=en&articles=true">"RADOC"</a>. radoc.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=radoc.net&rft.atitle=RADOC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradoc.net%2Fradoc.php%3Fdoc%3Dart_c_language_scandoromani%26lang%3Den%26articles%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/poland/32.htm">"Poland – Gypsies"</a>. Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Poland+%E2%80%93+Gypsies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fpoland%2F32.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121008204108/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c2252,4565c25f95,49749cc828,0.html">"UNHCR – Document Not Found"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c2252,4565c25f95,49749cc828,0.html">the original</a> on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNHCR+%E2%80%93+Document+Not+Found&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Ftopic%2C4565c2252%2C4565c25f95%2C49749cc828%2C0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/migrants/pom2003_93S/rc_pc_migrants_pom93S_figueiredo.html">People on the Move—Supp. N°93</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifical Council">Pontifical Council</a>, December 2003, pp. 299–305. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/portugal/55.htm">"Portugal – ETHNICITY AND ETHNIC GROUPS"</a>. countrystudies.us. Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Portugal+%E2%80%93+ETHNICITY+AND+ETHNIC+GROUPS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fportugal%2F55.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Romania#20_October_2011_census" title="Demographic history of Romania">2011 census</a> data, based on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-2/">table 7 Population by ethnicity</a>, gives a total of 621,573 Roma in Romania. This figure is disputed by other sources, because at the local level, many Roma declare a different ethnicity (mostly Romanian, but also Hungarian in Transylvania and Turkish in Dobruja) for fear of discrimination. Many are not recorded at all, since they do not have ID cards <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/Romii_din_Romania.pdf">[1]</a>. International sources give higher figures than the official census(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf">UNDP's Regional Bureau for Europe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061007102931/http://europeandcis.undp.org/uploads/public/File/rbec_web/vgr/chapter1.1.pdf">Archived</a> 7 October 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/EXTROMA/0,,contentMDK:20333806~menuPK:615999~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:615987,00.html">World Bank</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/publications/msd/journal/issue25/25-pages154-164.pdf">International Association for Official Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226000000/http://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/publications/msd/journal/issue25/25-pages154-164.pdf">Archived</a> 26 February 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anr.gov.ro/docs/statistici/Public_policies_for_Roma_in_Romania_2000_2005_190.pdf">Public_policies_for_Roma_in_Romania_2000_2005_190</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080614030814/http://www.anr.gov.ro/docs/statistici/Public_policies_for_Roma_in_Romania_2000_2005_190.pdf">Archived</a> 14 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "[...]independent estimates point to numbers varying form 1 million to 2.5 million." Anr.gov.ro </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzz.ch/rumaenien_sieht_ende_starker_auswanderung-1.698521">"Beschwichtigungen und Unsicherheiten um Personenfreizügigkeit: Rumänien sieht Ende starker Auswanderung"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1.+%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99+%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%92+%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%AF&rft.date=2009-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Fct%2Fhtml%2FTOM_04_01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRefugees" class="citation web cs1">Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/docid/3df4bea114.html">"Refworld | Russia: Situation of Gypsies in Russia, their culture and traditional occupations, their clans, the use of Romani language, the average levels of education and employment, and general living conditions (1996-2001)"</a>. Refworld.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refworld&rft.atitle=Refworld+%26%23124%3B+Russia%3A+Situation+of+Gypsies+in+Russia%2C+their+culture+and+traditional+occupations%2C+their+clans%2C+the+use+of+Romani+language%2C+the+average+levels+of+education+and+employment%2C+and+general+living+conditions+%281996-2001%29&rft.aulast=Refugees&rft.aufirst=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F3df4bea114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentre" class="citation web cs1">Centre, ERRC.org – European Roma Rights. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.errc.org/cikk.php?cikk=1816">"Skinhead violence targeting Roma in Yugoslavia - ERRC.org"</a>. Errc.org. Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Errc.org&rft.atitle=Skinhead+violence+targeting+Roma+in+Yugoslavia+-+ERRC.org&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=ERRC.org+%E2%80%93+European+Roma+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.errc.org%2Fcikk.php%3Fcikk%3D1816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MquDkFAM9PwC&pg=PA21">Umetnost preživljavanja: gde i kako žive Romi u Srbiji</a>. IFDT. 2005. pp. 21–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-17-13148-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-17-13148-5"><bdi>978-86-17-13148-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Umetnost+pre%C5%BEivljavanja%3A+gde+i+kako+%C5%BEive+Romi+u+Srbiji&rft.pages=21-&rft.pub=IFDT&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-86-17-13148-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMquDkFAM9PwC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/04/14/eu.slovakia.roma/">"Slovakia seeks help on Roma issue"</a>. CNN. 16 April 2004. 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Retrieved 23 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnl.sk%2Fmodules.php%3Fname%3DNews%26file%3Darticle%26sid%3D2080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328004403/http://www.datum.at/0104/stories/786761">"In der Slowakei will sich eine neue Mittelklasse der Roma-Volksgruppe nicht mehr mit den Zuständen abfinden"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Spain+%E2%80%93+The+Gypsies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fspain%2F41.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Estimated by the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Threatened_Peoples" title="Society for Threatened Peoples">Society for Threatened Peoples</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/sinti-rom/img/n7a.jpg">"Chart : Population"</a> (JPG). Gfbv.it. 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Retrieved 15 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gitanos%2C+o+como+ser+invisibles+en+M%C3%A9xico&rft.pub=Inter+Press+Service&rft.date=2010-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsnoticias.net%2F2010%2F10%2Fgitanos-o-como-ser-invisibles-en-mexico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Junius_P._Rodriguez" title="Junius P. Rodriguez">Rodriguez, Junius P.</a> (1997). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. p. 547. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0874368857" title="Special:BookSources/978-0874368857"><bdi>978-0874368857</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Encyclopedia+of+World+Slavery&rft.pages=547&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0874368857&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Junius+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.errc.org/roma-rights-journal/emerging-romani-voices-from-latin-america">"Emerging Romani Voices from Latin America"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webcitation.org&rft.atitle=The+Gypsies+of+Brazil&rft.au=Atico+Vilas-Boas+da+Mota&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2F~Patrin%2Fbrazil.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinisterio_de_Cultura2014" class="citation web cs1">Ministerio de Cultura (21 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cU7wGlZHpM4">"Pueblo Rrom o Gitano en Colombia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/cU7wGlZHpM4">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pueblo+Rrom+o+Gitano+en+Colombia&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft.au=Ministerio+de+Cultura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DcU7wGlZHpM4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lenguasdecolombia.gov.co/sites/lenguasdecolombia.gov.co/files/Ley_1381_2010_proteccion_lenguas_nativas_0.pdf">"Ley de lenguas nativas"</a> (PDF) (in Spanish). Bogotá: Ministry of Culture of Colombia. 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ley+de+lenguas+nativas&rft.place=Bogot%C3%A1&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Culture+of+Colombia&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lenguasdecolombia.gov.co%2Fsites%2Flenguasdecolombia.gov.co%2Ffiles%2FLey_1381_2010_proteccion_lenguas_nativas_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llacta.org/organiz/coms/2005/com0065.htm">"Historia del Pueblo Rom en el Ecuador (ASOROM - 12 de febrero de 2005)"</a> (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historia+del+Pueblo+Rom+en+el+Ecuador+%28ASOROM+-+12+de+febrero+de+2005%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.llacta.org%2Forganiz%2Fcoms%2F2005%2Fcom0065.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlos_Pardo-Figueroa_Thays2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carlos Pardo-Figueroa Thays (2013). Gitanos en Lima: historia, cultura e imágenes de los rom, los ludar y los calé peruano (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gitanos+en+Lima%3A+historia%2C+cultura+e+im%C3%A1genes+de+los+rom%2C+los+ludar+y+los+cal%C3%A9+peruano&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Carlos+Pardo-Figueroa+Thays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatras2015" class="citation book cs1">Matras, Yaron (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YfQ9BQAAQBAJ&dq=romani+gypsies+venezuela&pg=PA78">The Romani Gypsies</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674368385" title="Special:BookSources/9780674368385"><bdi>9780674368385</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romani+Gypsies&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780674368385&rft.aulast=Matras&rft.aufirst=Yaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYfQ9BQAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dromani%2Bgypsies%2Bvenezuela%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kenrick-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kenrick_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kenrick_197-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenrick2007" class="citation book cs1">Kenrick, Donald (5 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tQKyAAAAQBAJ&q=A+small+number+of+Kalderash+live+in+South+Africa.">Historical Dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies)</a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810864405" title="Special:BookSources/9780810864405"><bdi>9780810864405</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Gypsies+%28Romanies%29&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2007-07-05&rft.isbn=9780810864405&rft.aulast=Kenrick&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtQKyAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DA%2Bsmall%2Bnumber%2Bof%2BKalderash%2Blive%2Bin%2BSouth%2BAfrica.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skolaromani.org/en/aula-de-jovenes/historia-de-las-gitanas/">"Historia de las gitanas – Skola Feminista Romani"</a>. Retrieved 3 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historia+de+las+gitanas+%E2%80%93+Skola+Feminista+Romani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskolaromani.org%2Fen%2Faula-de-jovenes%2Fhistoria-de-las-gitanas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoates2001" class="citation book cs1">Coates, Timothy J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PJ7ORZ5Gx5oC&dq=gypsies+portugal+S%C3%A3o+Tom%C3%A9%C2%A0&pg=PA46">Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-sponsored Colonizers in the Portuguese Empire, 1550-1755</a>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3359-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3359-5"><bdi>978-0-8047-3359-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Convicts+and+Orphans%3A+Forced+and+State-sponsored+Colonizers+in+the+Portuguese+Empire%2C+1550-1755&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-3359-5&rft.aulast=Coates&rft.aufirst=Timothy+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPJ7ORZ5Gx5oC%26dq%3Dgypsies%2Bportugal%2BS%25C3%25A3o%2BTom%25C3%25A9%25C2%25A0%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270703161">"The Romani diaspora in Australia: 'Lost in… Multiculturalism'"</a>. Researchgate.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Researchgate.net&rft.atitle=The+Romani+diaspora+in+Australia%3A+%27Lost+in%E2%80%A6+Multiculturalism%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F270703161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travellerstimes.org.uk/news/2018/02/stop-stealing-our-identity-say-new-zealand-romani-campaigners">"Stop stealing our identity - say New Zealand Romani campaigners"</a>. Travellerstimes.org.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travellerstimes.org.uk&rft.atitle=Stop+stealing+our+identity+-+say+New+Zealand+Romani+campaigners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travellerstimes.org.uk%2Fnews%2F2018%2F02%2Fstop-stealing-our-identity-say-new-zealand-romani-campaigners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/2018-census-ethnic-group-summaries/gypsy">"Gypsy ethnic group"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stats_NZ" class="mw-redirect" title="Stats NZ">Stats NZ</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gypsy+ethnic+group&rft.pub=Stats+NZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Ftools%2F2018-census-ethnic-group-summaries%2Fgypsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomani+diaspora" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Romani_diaspora&action=edit&section=95" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Romani_people_by_country" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Romani people by country">Romani people by country</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080507070621/http://desicritics.org/2007/12/24/012125.php">Names of the Romani People</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfb.ca/film/opre_roma_gypsies_in_canada/">Opre Roma: Gypsies in Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.embaixadacigana.org.br/">president Nicolas Ramanush / Brazil</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100516100953/http://www.romarights.net/v2/country-profiles/">Roma Rights Network – Roma Rights Map</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/20/sunday-review/are-the-roma-primitive-or-just-poor.html?ref=todayspaper/">Are the Roma Primitive, or Just Poor?</a> {Plus its 10/24 NYTimes Letters to the Editor: The Rancor Against Roma in Europe]</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romani_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romani_diaspora" title="Template:Romani diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romani_diaspora" title="Template talk:Romani diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romani_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romani diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romani_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romani diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romani_settlements" title="List of Romani settlements">Settlements</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Uncontested</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arlije" title="Arlije">Arlije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergitka_Roma" title="Bergitka Roma">Bergitka Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyash" title="Boyash">Boyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgenland_Roma" title="Burgenland Roma">Burgenland Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascarots" title="Cascarots">Cascarots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">English Romanichal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erromintxela" class="mw-redirect" title="Erromintxela">Erromintxela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kale" title="Finnish Kale">Finnish Kale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalderash" title="Kalderash">Kalderash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovari" title="Lovari">Lovari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machvaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Machvaya">Machvaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manouche" title="Manouche">Manouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Roma">Muslim Roma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zargari_tribe" title="Zargari tribe">Zargari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polska_Roma" title="Polska Roma">Polska Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruska_Roma" title="Ruska Roma">Ruska Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_and_Swedish_Travellers" title="Norwegian and Swedish Travellers">Scandinavian Travellers (Tavinger, Romanisæl)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Romani_and_Itinerant_people_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Romani and Itinerant people groups">Scottish Travellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepe%C4%8Dides_Romani" title="Sepečides Romani">Sepečides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servitka_Roma" title="Servitka Roma">Servitka Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursari" title="Ursari">Ursari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kale_(Welsh_Romanies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kale (Welsh Romanies)">Welsh Kale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Contested</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkali_and_Balkan_Egyptians" title="Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians">Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_people" title="Dom people">Dom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garachi" title="Garachi">Garachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Iraq" title="Doms in Iraq">Kawliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Nawar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lom_people" title="Lom people">Bosha/Lom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_people" title="Lori people">Lori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuli" title="Lyuli">Lyuli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Albania" title="Romani people in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Algeria" title="Romani people in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Argentina" title="Romani people in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Australia" title="Romani people in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Austria" title="Romani people in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Belarus" title="Romani people in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Belgium" title="Romani people in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Romani people in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Brazil" title="Romani people in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Bulgaria" title="Romani people in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Canada" title="Romani people in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Colombia" title="Romani people in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Croatia" title="Romani people in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Cyprus" title="Romani people in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Romani people in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Czechoslovakia" title="Romani people in Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Denmark" title="Romani people in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Estonia" title="Romani people in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_France" title="Romani people in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Romani people in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Germany" title="Romani people in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Greece" title="Romani people in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Hungary" title="Romani people in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Ireland" title="Romani people in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doms_in_Israel" title="Doms in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Italy" title="Romani people in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Kosovo" title="Romani people in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Latvia" title="Romani people in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Lithuania" title="Romani people in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Moldova" title="Romani people in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Montenegro" title="Romani people in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_North_Macedonia" title="Romani people in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Norway" title="Romani people in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_Netherlands" title="Romani people in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Poland" title="Romani people in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Portugal" title="Romani people in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Russia" title="Romani people in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Serbia" title="Romani people in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Slovakia" title="Romani people in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Slovenia" title="Romani people in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_Basque_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in the Basque Country">Basque Country</a> [<a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijitoak_Euskal_Herrian" class="extiw" title="eu:Ijitoak Euskal Herrian">eu</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Sweden" title="Romani people in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Switzerland" title="Romani people in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani people in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Turkey" title="Romani people in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Ukraine" title="Romani people in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Roma" title="Crimean Roma">Crimea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Americans" title="Romani Americans">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Uruguay" title="Romani people in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Romani people in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romani_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romani_topics" title="Template:Romani topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romani_topics" title="Template talk:Romani topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romani_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romani topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romani_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Romani_people" title="Names of the Romani people">Names of the Romani people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Romani_people" title="History of the Romani people">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Romani_history" title="Timeline of Romani history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Romani_people" title="Archaeology of the Romani people">Archaeology of the Romani people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudum_Acinganorum" title="Feudum Acinganorum">Feudum Acinganorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Romania" title="Slavery in Romania">Moldavian–Wallachian slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptians_Act_1530" title="Egyptians Act 1530">Egyptians Act 1530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptians_Act_1554" title="Egyptians Act 1554">Egyptians Act 1554</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Gypsy_Round-up" title="Great Gypsy Round-up">Great Gypsy Round-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Scourge" title="Gypsy Scourge">Gypsy Scourge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazdie" title="Dazdie">Dazdie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porajmos" class="mw-redirect" title="Porajmos">Porajmos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin-Marzahn_concentration_camp" title="Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp">Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_Roma_during_the_Porajmos" class="mw-redirect" title="Rescue of Roma during the Porajmos">Rescue of Roma during the Porajmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczurowa_massacre" title="Szczurowa massacre">Szczurowa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_family_camp_(Auschwitz)" title="Gypsy family camp (Auschwitz)">Gypsy family camp in Auschwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_of_Romani_people_to_Transnistria" title="Deportations of Romani people to Transnistria">Deportations of Romani people to Transnistria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C5%82awa_riot" title="Mława riot">Mława riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_H%C4%83d%C4%83reni_riots" title="1993 Hădăreni riots">1993 Hădăreni riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Ferentari_riot" title="2006 Ferentari riot">2006 Ferentari riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_neo-Nazi_murders_of_Roma_in_Hungary" title="2008–2009 neo-Nazi murders of Roma in Hungary">2008–2009 neo-Nazi murders of Roma in Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportation_of_Roma_migrants_from_France" title="Deportation of Roma migrants from France">Deportation of Roma migrants from France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Holocaust_Memorial_Day" title="Roma Holocaust Memorial Day">Roma Holocaust Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_Sinti_and_Roma_Victims_of_National_Socialism" title="Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism">Memorial to the Sinti and Roma Victims of National Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanistan" title="Romanistan">Romanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Population</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romani diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Anti-Romani sentiment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Special_School" title="Roma Special School">Roma Special School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental racism in Europe">Environmental racism in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_feminism" title="Romani feminism">Romani feminism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romani_society_and_culture" title="Romani society and culture">Society and culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_alphabets" title="Romani alphabets">Alphabets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Romani_people" title="Flag of the Romani people">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_anthem" title="Romani anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_music" title="Romani music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_hip_hop" title="Romani hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_jazz" title="Gypsy jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_punk" title="Gypsy punk">Punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_dance" title="Romani dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_folklore" title="Romani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_dress" title="Romani dress">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_cuisine" title="Romani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_literature" title="Romani literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Romani" title="Bible translations into Romani">Bible translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romani_poets" title="List of Romani poets">Poets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_media" title="Romani media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_fiction" title="Romani people in fiction">In fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Romani_Day" title="International Romani Day">International Romani Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Day_of_Romani_Language" title="World Day of Romani Language">World Day of Romani Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Gypsies" title="King of the Gypsies">King of the Gypsies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marime" title="Marime">Marime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadjo" title="Gadjo">Gadjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_(Romani_court)" title="Kris (Romani court)">Kris (Romani court)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom_baro" title="Rom baro">Rom baro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursari" title="Ursari">Ursari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Roma_Festival" title="World Roma Festival">World Roma Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_German_Sinti_and_Roma" title="Central Council of German Sinti and Roma">Central Council of German Sinti and Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Roma_Rights_Centre" title="European Roma Rights Centre">European Roma Rights Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Civil_Rights_Prize_of_the_Sinti_and_Roma" title="European Civil Rights Prize of the Sinti and Roma">European Civil Rights Prize of the Sinti and Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketani_Association" title="Ketani Association">Ketani Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGO_Roma_Together" title="NGO Roma Together">NGO Roma Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Nomadi" title="Opera Nomadi">Opera Nomadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Roma" title="Voice of Roma">Voice of Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Romani_Union" title="International Romani Union">International Romani Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_Point_for_Roma_and_Sinti_Issues" title="Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues">Contact Point for Roma and Sinti Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decade_of_Roma_Inclusion" title="Decade of Roma Inclusion">Decade of Roma Inclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Education_Fund" title="Roma Education Fund">Roma Education Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Roma_Information_Office" title="European Roma Information Office">European Roma Information Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kal%C3%A9_Dor_Kayiko" title="Kalé Dor Kayiko">Kalé Dor Kayiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Agency_for_the_Roma" title="National Agency for the Roma">National Agency for the Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_CRISS" title="Romani CRISS">Romani CRISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Romani_Congress" title="World Romani Congress">World Romani Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Roma_Information_Office" title="European Roma Information Office">European Roma Information Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romani_studies" title="Romani studies">Studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Studies_(journal)" title="Romani Studies (journal)">Romani Studies (journal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Lore_Society" title="Gypsy Lore Society">Gypsy Lore Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Center_for_Antiziganism_Research" title="European Center for Antiziganism Research">European Center for Antiziganism Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_Route" title="Roma Route">Roma Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentation_and_Cultural_Centre_of_German_Sinti_and_Roma" title="Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma">Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_University_Library%27s_Gypsy,_Traveller_and_Roma_Collections" title="Leeds University Library's Gypsy, Traveller and Roma Collections">Leeds University Library's Gypsy, Traveller and Roma Collections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Romani_Culture" title="Museum of Romani Culture">Museum of Romani Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketry_Museum_of_the_Roma" title="Basketry Museum of the Roma">Basketry Museum of the Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Boswell_Romany_Museum" title="Gordon Boswell Romany Museum">Gordon Boswell Romany Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Roma_Culture_of_Belgrade" title="Museum of Roma Culture of Belgrade">Museum of Roma Culture of Belgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Romani" title="Category:Romani">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Overseas_Asians_and_Asian_diasporas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Overseas_Asians" title="Template:Overseas Asians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Overseas_Asians" title="Template talk:Overseas Asians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas_Asians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas Asians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Overseas_Asians_and_Asian_diasporas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overseas <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asian_diaspora" title="Asian diaspora">Asian diasporas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By origin in Asia <a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Asia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Map_of_Asia.svg/60px-Map_of_Asia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Map_of_Asia.svg/90px-Map_of_Asia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Map_of_Asia.svg/120px-Map_of_Asia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="2240" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_diaspora" title="Kazakh diaspora">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_diaspora" title="Mongolian diaspora">Mongolians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzbek diaspora">Uzbeks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_diaspora" title="Japanese diaspora">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_diaspora" title="Korean diaspora">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_diaspora" title="Ryukyuan diaspora">Ryukyuans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Taiwanese" title="Overseas Taiwanese">Taiwanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_diaspora" title="South Asian diaspora">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_diaspora" title="Afghan diaspora">Afghans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_diaspora" title="Bangladeshi diaspora">Bangladeshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_diaspora" title="Maldivian diaspora">Maldivians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Resident_Nepali" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Resident Nepali">Nepalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_diaspora" title="Sri Lankan diaspora">Sri Lankans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_diaspora" title="Tibetan diaspora">Tibetans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnicity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_diaspora" title="Baloch diaspora">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_diaspora" title="Bengali Hindu diaspora">Bengali Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_diaspora" title="Gujarati diaspora">Gujaratis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Odia" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_diaspora" title="Kashmiri diaspora">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpuri_diaspora" title="Mirpuri diaspora">Mirpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_diaspora" title="Mizo diaspora">Mizos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_diaspora" title="Pashtun diaspora">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_diaspora" title="Saraiki diaspora">Saraikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_diaspora" title="Sindhi diaspora">Sindhis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_diaspora" title="South Indian diaspora">South Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayali_diaspora" title="Malayali diaspora">Malayalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Gulf_diaspora" title="Kerala Gulf diaspora">In the Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_diaspora" title="Tamil diaspora">Tamils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_diaspora" title="Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora">Sri Lankan Tamils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_diaspora" title="Telugu diaspora">Telugus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Indonesians" title="Overseas Indonesians">Indonesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_diaspora" title="Malaysian diaspora">Malaysians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Singaporean" title="Overseas Singaporean">Singaporeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnicity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Acehnese" title="Overseas Acehnese">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_diaspora" title="Burmese diaspora">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos" title="Overseas Filipinos">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong diaspora">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_diaspora" title="Javanese diaspora">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_diaspora" title="Laotian diaspora">Laotians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Malays" title="Overseas Malays">Malays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Minangkabau" title="Overseas Minangkabau">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moluccan_diaspora" title="Moluccan diaspora">Moluccans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Thai" title="Overseas Thai">Thais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_diaspora" title="Arab diaspora">Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_diaspora" title="Emirati diaspora">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_diaspora" title="Iraqi diaspora">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_diaspora" title="Lebanese diaspora">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_diaspora" title="Syrian diaspora">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_diaspora" title="Yemeni diaspora">Yemeni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian%E2%80%93Chaldean%E2%80%93Syriac_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_diaspora" title="Iranian diaspora">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerida" title="Yerida">Israeli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jews</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_population#Diaspora" title="Kurdish population">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By residence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Nigerian" title="Asian Nigerian">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_(South_Africa)" title="Asian (South Africa)">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Canadians" title="Asian Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Canadians" title="East Asian Canadians">East Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians" title="South Asian Canadians">South Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Canadians" title="Southeast Asian Canadians">Southeast Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Canadians" title="West Asian Canadians">West Asians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Latin_Americans" title="Asian Latin Americans">Latin America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Argentines" title="Asian Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Brazilians" title="Asian Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Colombians" title="Asian Colombians">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Mexicans" title="Asian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Peruvians" title="Asian Peruvians">Peru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Caribbean_people" title="Asian Caribbean people">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Caribbean_people" title="Chinese Caribbean people">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dougla_people" title="Dougla people">Dougla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_people" title="Indo-Caribbean people">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabou_(ethnicity)" title="Marabou (ethnicity)">Marabou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Surinamese" title="Asian Surinamese">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Americans" title="East Asian Americans">East Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Americans" title="Southeast Asian Americans">Southeast Asians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_diasporas_in_France" title="Asian diasporas in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asians_in_Germany" title="Asians in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asians_in_the_Netherlands" title="Asians in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_the_Netherlands" title="South Asians in the Netherlands">South Asians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_immigrants_to_Sweden" title="Asian immigrants to Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Central Asians in the United Kingdom">Central Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="East Asians in the United Kingdom">East Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="South Asians in the United Kingdom">South Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Southeast Asians in the United Kingdom">Southeast Asians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Australians" title="Asian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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