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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Race relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lynchings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lynchings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Lynchings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lynchings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Country_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Country music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Ozark_Hillbilly_Medallion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Ozark_Hillbilly_Medallion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>The Ozark Hillbilly Medallion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Ozark_Hillbilly_Medallion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_Census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_Census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>2020 Census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_Census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_Census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_Census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2010 Census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_Census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000_Census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_Census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>2000 Census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_Census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Neighborhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>High schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Parks and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultural_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Cultural organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Points_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Points_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Points of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Points_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sports_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4.1</span> <span>Sports teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Trains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Springfield, Missouri</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A)" title="سبرينغفيلد (ميزوري) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سبرينغفيلد (ميزوري)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Misuri)" title="Springfield (Misuri) – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Springfield (Misuri)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اسپرینقفیلد، میزوری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اسپرینقفیلد، میزوری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Спрынгфілд (Місуры) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спрынгфілд (Місуры)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Спрингфийлд (Мисури) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спрингфийлд (Мисури)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Missouri)" title="Springfield (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Missouri) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Springfield (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84_(%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9)" title="Σπρίνγκφιλντ (Μιζούρι) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σπρίνγκφιλντ (Μιζούρι)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Misuri)" title="Springfield (Misuri) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Springfield (Misuri)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Misurio)" title="Springfield (Misurio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Springfield (Misurio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اسپرینگفیلد، میزوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپرینگفیلد، میزوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%8A)" title="اسپرينگ‌فيلد (ميزؤري) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اسپرينگ‌فيلد (ميزؤري)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%84%EB%A7%81%ED%95%84%EB%93%9C_(%EB%AF%B8%EC%A3%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A3%BC)" title="스프링필드 (미주리주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스프링필드 (미주리주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93_(%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99)" title="ספרינגפילד (מיזורי) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספרינגפילד (מיזורי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Спрингфилд (Миссури) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Спрингфилд (Миссури)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Спрингфилд (Миссури) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Спрингфилд (Миссури)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springf%C4%ABlda_(Mis%C5%ABri)" title="Springfīlda (Misūri) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Springfīlda (Misūri)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfildas_(Mis%C5%ABris)" title="Springfildas (Misūris) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Springfildas (Misūris)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86)" title="سبرينجفيلد (جرين) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سبرينجفيلد (جرين)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89_(%E3%83%9F%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E5%B7%9E)" title="スプリングフィールド (ミズーリ州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スプリングフィールド (ミズーリ州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Спрингфилд (Миссури) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Спрингфилд (Миссури)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_i_Missouri" title="Springfield i Missouri – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Springfield i Missouri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Спрингфилд (Миссури) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спрингфилд (Миссури)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B2%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%B5%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سپرینگزفیڵد، میزوری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سپرینگزفیڵد، میزوری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Спрингфилд (Мисури) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Спрингфилд (Мисури)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%A3%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Сприңфилд (Миссури) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сприңфилд (Миссури)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D1%96)" title="Спрингфілд (Міссурі) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спрингфілд (Міссурі)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88%D8%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سپرنگفیلڈ، مسوری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سپرنگفیلڈ، مسوری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Springfield (Missouri) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Springfield (Missouri)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri" title="Springfield, Missouri – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Springfield, Missouri" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%EF%BC%88%E5%AF%86%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="斯普林菲尔德（密苏里州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯普林菲尔德（密苏里州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E5%AF%86%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E)" title="斯普林菲尔德 (密苏里州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯普林菲尔德 (密苏里州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Springfield,_Missouri&params=37_12_55_N_93_17_54_W_region:US-MO_type:city(169176)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°12′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">93°17′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.21528°N 93.29833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.21528; -93.29833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. For the metropolitan area, see <a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Missouri" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Missouri">Springfield metropolitan area, Missouri</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Missouri, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Springfield, Missouri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="border:1;;height:162px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Springfield,_MO_and_Hammons_Field.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Downtown_Springfield%2C_MO_and_Hammons_Field.jpg/288px-Downtown_Springfield%2C_MO_and_Hammons_Field.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Downtown_Springfield%2C_MO_and_Hammons_Field.jpg/432px-Downtown_Springfield%2C_MO_and_Hammons_Field.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Downtown_Springfield%2C_MO_and_Hammons_Field.jpg/576px-Downtown_Springfield%2C_MO_and_Hammons_Field.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3078" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Hammons_Field" title="Hammons Field">Hammons Field</a> and Downtown Springfield</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquarium_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Aquarium_entrance.jpg/142px-Aquarium_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Aquarium_entrance.jpg/213px-Aquarium_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Aquarium_entrance.jpg/284px-Aquarium_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="760" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Wonders_of_Wildlife_Museum_%26_Aquarium" title="Wonders of Wildlife Museum & Aquarium">Wonders of Wildlife</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg/142px-ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg/213px-ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg/284px-ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2917" data-file-height="1945" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Park Central Square</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div style="border:1;;height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commercial_Street_Historic_District,_Springfield,_Missouri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Commercial_Street_Historic_District%2C_Springfield%2C_Missouri.jpg/190px-Commercial_Street_Historic_District%2C_Springfield%2C_Missouri.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Commercial_Street_Historic_District%2C_Springfield%2C_Missouri.jpg/285px-Commercial_Street_Historic_District%2C_Springfield%2C_Missouri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Commercial_Street_Historic_District%2C_Springfield%2C_Missouri.jpg/380px-Commercial_Street_Historic_District%2C_Springfield%2C_Missouri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Street_Historic_District_(Springfield,_Missouri)" title="Commercial Street Historic District (Springfield, Missouri)">Commercial Street </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:96px;max-width:96px"><div style="border:1;;height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MissouriStateUniversityMeyerCarillon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MissouriStateUniversityMeyerCarillon.jpg/94px-MissouriStateUniversityMeyerCarillon.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MissouriStateUniversityMeyerCarillon.jpg/141px-MissouriStateUniversityMeyerCarillon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MissouriStateUniversityMeyerCarillon.jpg/188px-MissouriStateUniversityMeyerCarillon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_University" title="Missouri State University">Missouri State University</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="border:1;;height:197px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pythian_Home_of_Missouri_-_Green_County_MO_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pythian_Home_of_Missouri_-_Green_County_MO_retouched.jpg/288px-Pythian_Home_of_Missouri_-_Green_County_MO_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pythian_Home_of_Missouri_-_Green_County_MO_retouched.jpg/432px-Pythian_Home_of_Missouri_-_Green_County_MO_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pythian_Home_of_Missouri_-_Green_County_MO_retouched.jpg/576px-Pythian_Home_of_Missouri_-_Green_County_MO_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2629" data-file-height="1803" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Pythian_Home_of_Missouri" title="Pythian Home of Missouri">Pythian Castle</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Springfield,_Missouri.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Springfield, Missouri"><img alt="Flag of Springfield, Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri.svg/100px-Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri.svg/150px-Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri.svg/200px-Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="448" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Springfield,_Missouri_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Springfield, Missouri"><img alt="Official logo of Springfield, Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/City_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_logo.svg/100px-City_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/City_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_logo.svg/150px-City_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/City_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_logo.svg/200px-City_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="224" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The "Queen City of the Ozarks"<br />"Birthplace of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66" title="U.S. Route 66">Route 66</a>"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="4" data-overlays="["_1643ab9235038ede7c5f12b83522c19d4ad4e4e5"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Springfield%2C_Missouri&revid=1255692220&groups=_1643ab9235038ede7c5f12b83522c19d4ad4e4e5" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Springfield%2C_Missouri&revid=1255692220&groups=_1643ab9235038ede7c5f12b83522c19d4ad4e4e5 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Springfield</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Springfield,_Missouri&params=37_12_55_N_93_17_54_W_region:US-MO_type:city(169176)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°12′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">93°17′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.21528°N 93.29833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.21528; -93.29833</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri"><img alt="Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/23px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/35px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/46px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Missouri" title="List of counties in Missouri">Counties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Greene County, Missouri">Greene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Christian County, Missouri">Christian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1834</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1838</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Springfield,_Missouri" title="List of mayors of Springfield, Missouri">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ken McClure</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-TigerWebMapServer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">83.70 sq mi (216.78 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">83.11 sq mi (215.26 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0.59 sq mi (1.52 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,021 sq mi (7,824 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,299 ft (396 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">169,176</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2023)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">170,188</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">152nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,035.49/sq mi (785.91/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">282,651 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">143rd</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-urban_area_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urban_area-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,104.1/sq mi (812.4/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">475,432 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Metropolitan_Statistical_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas">111th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Springfieldian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%926" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−6">UTC−6</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">65801-65810, 65814, 65817, 65890, 65897-65899</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_417" title="Area code 417">417</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29-70000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">0735864<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://springfieldmo.gov/">springfieldmo.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Springfield</b> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Missouri" title="List of cities in Missouri">third most populous city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> and the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Greene County, Missouri">Greene County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GR6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's population was 169,176 at the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the principal city of the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Missouri" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Missouri">Springfield metropolitan area</a>, which had an estimated population of 487,061 in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and includes the counties of <a href="/wiki/Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Christian County, Missouri">Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas_County,_Missouri" title="Dallas County, Missouri">Dallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Greene County, Missouri">Greene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Missouri" title="Polk County, Missouri">Polk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Webster_County,_Missouri" title="Webster County, Missouri">Webster</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OMB_18-04_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMB_18-04-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city sits on the Springfield Plateau of the <a href="/wiki/Ozarks" title="Ozarks">Ozarks</a>, which ranges from nearly-level to rolling hills. Springfield is the second-largest urban area in the Ozarks. </p><p>Springfield's nicknames include "Queen City of the <a href="/wiki/Ozarks" title="Ozarks">Ozarks</a>" and "The Birthplace of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66" title="U.S. Route 66">Route 66</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has been called the "Buckle of the <a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a>" due to its association with evangelical Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is the headquarters for <a href="/wiki/Bass_Pro_Shops" title="Bass Pro Shops">Bass Pro Shops</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the adjoining <a href="/wiki/Wonders_of_Wildlife_Museum_%26_Aquarium" title="Wonders of Wildlife Museum & Aquarium">Wonders of Wildlife Museum & Aquarium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also home to <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts" title="O'Reilly Auto Parts">O'Reilly Auto Parts</a>, which began as a family business with 13 employees in 1957. Springfield is close to <a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_Creek_National_Battlefield" title="Wilson's Creek National Battlefield">Wilson's Creek National Battlefield</a> and is along the national historic <a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, Springfield's largest ethnicities were 87.6% White, 4% Black, and 5% two or more races,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> placing it among the least diverse cities in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is a regional center of medical care, with the two largest hospitals, <a href="/wiki/CoxHealth" title="CoxHealth">CoxHealth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercy_(healthcare_organization)" title="Mercy (healthcare organization)">Mercy</a>, being the largest employers in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield hosts several universities and colleges, including <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_University" title="Missouri State University">Missouri State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drury_University" title="Drury University">Drury University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Evangel_University" title="Evangel University">Evangel University</a>. Springfield is an important regional center for distribution, logistics, and manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1a._Springfield_Missouri.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/1a._Springfield_Missouri.png/220px-1a._Springfield_Missouri.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/1a._Springfield_Missouri.png/330px-1a._Springfield_Missouri.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/1a._Springfield_Missouri.png/440px-1a._Springfield_Missouri.png 2x" data-file-width="1029" data-file-height="861" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Springfield,_Missouri_(1938%E2%80%932022).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_%281938%E2%80%932022%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_%281938%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_%281938%E2%80%932022%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_%281938%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_%281938%E2%80%932022%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Springfield%2C_Missouri_%281938%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>This flag of Springfield, Missouri, was used from 1938 to 2022.</figcaption></figure> <p>The origin of the city's name is unclear, but the most common view is that it was named by migrants from <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. One account is that James Wilson, who lived in the new settlement, offered free <a href="/wiki/Whiskey" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiskey">whiskey</a> to anyone who would vote for the name Springfield, after his hometown in Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Springfield Express</i> editor J. G. Newbill said in the November 11, 1881, issue: "It has been stated that this city got its name from the fact of a spring and field being near by just west of town. But such is not a correct version. When the authorized persons met and adopted the title of the 'Future Great' of the Southwest, several of the earliest settlers had handed in their favorite names, among whom was Kindred Rose, who presented the winning name in honor of his hometown, <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Tennessee" title="Springfield, Tennessee">Springfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1883, historian R. I. Holcombe wrote: "The town took its name from the circumstance of there being a spring under the hill, on the creek, while on top of the hill, where the principal portion of the town lay, there was a field."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_settlement">Early settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Native American peoples had long lived in this area. In the 1830s, the native <a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage Nation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo people</a> from Indiana, and the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> (Delaware) from the mid-Atlantic coast had settled in this general area trying to evade encroachment by European Americans on their lands. The Osage had been the dominant tribe for more than one century in the larger region.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the southeastern side of the town in 1812, about 500 <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a> built a small village of about 100 <a href="/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam">wigwams</a>. They abandoned the site in 1828. </p><p>Ten miles south of the site of Springfield, the Lenape had built a substantial community of houses that borrowed elements of Anglo colonial style from the mid-Atlantic, where some of their people had migrated from.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first European-American settlers to the area were John Polk Campbell and his brother, who reached this area in 1829 from Tennessee. Campbell chose the area because of the presence of a natural well that flowed into a small stream. He staked his claim by carving his initials in a tree.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campbell was joined by settlers Thomas Finney, Samuel Weaver, and Joseph Miller. They cleared the land of trees to develop it for farms. A small general store was soon opened.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1833, the southern part of the state was named Greene County after Revolutionary War hero <a href="/wiki/Nathanael_Greene" title="Nathanael Greene">General Nathanael Greene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campbell Township was one of the seven original townships organized on March 11, 1833, when Greene County was much larger. </p><p>An 1876 map shows its boundaries include all the sections in T29N and R21 and 22W. It was bounded by Center Township on the west, Robberson, and Franklin Townships on the north, Taylor Township on the east, and Wilson and Clay Townships on the south.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Later, Campbell was split into Campbell No. 1 Township and Campbell No. 2 Township, then into North Campbell No. 1 Township, North Campbell No. 2 Township, and North Campbell No. 3 Township.)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Source needed for the split of Campbell Township (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The county seat of Springfield is located in Campbell Township due to the efforts of John Polk Campbell. The township is named after John Polk Campbell, who donated the land for Springfield's public square and platted the town site.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1835 he deeded 50 acres of land to the legislature for the creation of a county seat. Campbell laid out city streets and lots.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town was incorporated in 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1878, the town got its nickname as the "Queen City of the Ozarks".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United States government enforced <a href="/wiki/Indian_removal" title="Indian removal">Indian removal</a> during the 1830s, forcing land cessions in the Southeast and other areas, and relocating tribes from east of the Mississippi River to <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>. This later developed as the state of Oklahoma in 1908. </p><p>During the 1838 relocation of most of the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a> passed through Springfield to the west, along the <a href="/wiki/Old_Wire_Road" title="Old Wire Road">Old Wire Road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1861, Springfield's population had grown to approximately 2,000, and it had become an important commercial hub. In the late 1850s, telegraph lines, previously connected only as far as St. Louis, reached Springfield. News from points further west was brought to Springfield overland. It was sent by telegraph to what was then called the New York Associated Press. </p><p>At the start of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Springfield was divided in its loyalty. It had been settled by people from both the North and South, including slaveholders. It also attracted many <a href="/wiki/German_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="German Americans in the American Civil War">German immigrants</a> in the mid-19th century, who tended to support the Union. </p><p>The Union and Confederate armies both recognized the city's strategic importance and sought to control it. They fought the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilson%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Wilson's Creek">Battle of Wilson's Creek</a> on August 10, 1861, a few miles southwest of town.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle was a Confederate victory, and <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Lyon" title="Nathaniel Lyon">Nathaniel Lyon</a> was killed here, the first Union General to die in the Civil War. Union troops retreated to the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Missouri" title="Lebanon, Missouri">Lebanon</a> to regroup. When they returned, they found that most of the Confederate army had withdrawn.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 25, 1861, Union Major <a href="/wiki/Charles_Zagonyi" title="Charles Zagonyi">Charles Zagonyi</a> led an attack against the remaining Confederates in the area, in a battle known as the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Springfield" title="First Battle of Springfield">First Battle of Springfield</a>, or Zagonyi's Charge. Zagonyi's men removed the Confederate flag from Springfield's public square and returned to camp. It was the only Union victory in southwestern Missouri in 1861.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increased military activity in the area set the stage for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pea_Ridge" title="Battle of Pea Ridge">Battle of Pea Ridge</a> in northern Arkansas in March 1862.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 8, 1863, Confederate forces under General <a href="/wiki/John_S._Marmaduke" title="John S. Marmaduke">John S. Marmaduke</a> advanced to take control of Springfield and an urban fight ensued. But that evening, the Confederates withdrew. This became known as the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Springfield" title="Second Battle of Springfield">Second Battle of Springfield</a>. Marmaduke sent a message to the Union forces asking that Confederate casualties have a proper burial. The city remained under Union control for the remainder of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US army used Springfield as a supply base and central point of operation for military activities in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Promptly after the Civil War ended on July 21, 1865, <a href="/wiki/Wild_Bill_Hickok" title="Wild Bill Hickok">Wild Bill Hickok</a> shot and killed <a href="/wiki/Davis_Tutt" title="Davis Tutt">Davis Tutt</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Hickok%E2%80%93Tutt_shootout" title="Hickok–Tutt shootout">shootout</a> over a disagreement about a debt Tutt claimed Hickok owed him. During a poker game at the former Lyon House Hotel, in response to the disagreement over the amount, Tutt had taken Hickok's watch, which Hickok immediately demanded be returned. Hickok warned that Tutt had better not be seen wearing that watch, then spotted him wearing it in Park Central Square, prompting the gunfight. </p><p>On January 25, 1866, Hickok was still in Springfield when he witnessed a Springfield police officer, John Orr, shoot and kill James Coleman after Coleman interfered with the arrest of Coleman's friend Bingham, who was drunk and disorderly. Hickok provided testimony in the case. Orr was arrested, released on bail, and immediately fled the country. He was never brought to trial or heard from again.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_relations">Race relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Race relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lynchings">Lynchings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lynchings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield_MO_square_Gottfried_Tower_(before_1909_when_tower_torn_down).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Springfield_MO_square_Gottfried_Tower_%28before_1909_when_tower_torn_down%29.jpg/300px-Springfield_MO_square_Gottfried_Tower_%28before_1909_when_tower_torn_down%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Springfield_MO_square_Gottfried_Tower_%28before_1909_when_tower_torn_down%29.jpg/450px-Springfield_MO_square_Gottfried_Tower_%28before_1909_when_tower_torn_down%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Springfield_MO_square_Gottfried_Tower_%28before_1909_when_tower_torn_down%29.jpg/600px-Springfield_MO_square_Gottfried_Tower_%28before_1909_when_tower_torn_down%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>Gottfried Tower, center, where Horace Duncan, Fred Coker, and Will Allen were lynched</figcaption></figure> <p>From the period after <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction</a> into the early 20th century, lynchings of <a href="/wiki/Freedmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedmen">freedmen</a> and their descendants occurred in some cities and counties in Missouri, particularly in former slaveholding areas. </p><p>On April 14, 1906, a white mob broke into the Springfield county jail, and <a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">lynched</a> two black men, Horace Duncan and Fred Coker, for allegedly sexually assaulting Mina Edwards, a white woman. Later they returned to the jail, where other African-American prisoners were being held, and pulled out Will Allen, who had been accused of murdering a white man. All three suspects were hanged from the Gottfried Tower, which held a replica of the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> </p><p>Their bodies were burned in the courthouse square by a mob of more than 2,000 white residents. Judge Azariah W. Lincoln called for a grand jury, but no one was prosecuted. The proceedings were covered by national newspapers, including the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-aamuseum_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aamuseum-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Duncan's and Coker's employer testified that they were at his business at the time of the crime against Edwards, and other evidence suggested that they and Allen were all innocent.<sup id="cite_ref-aamuseum_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aamuseum-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harper_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harper-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These three are the only recorded lynchings in Greene County.<sup id="cite_ref-lynching_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lynching-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But the extrajudicial murders were part of a pattern of discrimination, repeated violence and intimidation of African Americans in this city and southwest Missouri from 1894 to 1909, in an attempt to expel them from the region.<sup id="cite_ref-harper1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harper1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whites in the bordering <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Missouri" title="Lawrence County, Missouri">Lawrence County</a> also lynched three African-American men in this period.<sup id="cite_ref-lynching_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lynching-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the mass lynching in Springfield, many African Americans left the region.<sup id="cite_ref-harper1_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harper1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A historic plaque on the southeast corner of the Springfield courthouse square commemorates Duncan, Coker, and Allen, the three victims of mob violence.<sup id="cite_ref-aamuseum_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aamuseum-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_music">Country music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Country music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four nationally broadcast <a href="/wiki/Television_show" title="Television show">television series</a> originated from the city between 1955 and 1961: <i><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Jubilee" title="Ozark Jubilee">Ozark Jubilee</a></i> and its spin-off, <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Star_Jubilee" title="Five Star Jubilee">Five Star Jubilee</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Talent_Varieties" title="Talent Varieties">Talent Varieties</a></i>; and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Eddy_Arnold_Show" title="The Eddy Arnold Show">The Eddy Arnold Show</a></i>. All were carried live by <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> except for <i>Five Star Jubilee</i> on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>. They were produced by Springfield's Crossroads TV Productions, owned by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_D._Foster" title="Ralph D. Foster">Ralph D. Foster</a>. </p><p>Many of the biggest names in <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> frequently visited or lived in Springfield at the time. City officials estimated the programs meant about 2,000 weekly visitors and "over $1,000,000 in fresh income."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Staged at the Jewell Theatre (demolished in 1961), <i>Ozark Jubilee</i> is the first national country music TV show to feature top stars and attract a significant viewership. <i>Five Star Jubilee</i>, produced from the <a href="/wiki/Landers_Theatre" title="Landers Theatre">Landers Theatre</a>, was the first network <a href="/wiki/Color_television" title="Color television">color television</a> series to originate outside of New York City or Hollywood.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield's NBC affiliate, <a href="/wiki/KYTV-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="KYTV-TV">KYTV-TV</a> (which helped produce the program), was not equipped to broadcast in color and aired the show in <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Citadel_Media#ABC_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Citadel Media">ABC</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBC_Red_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="NBC Red Network">NBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">Mutual</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">radio networks</a> all carried country music shows nationally from Springfield during the decade, including KWTO'S <i>Korn's-A-Krackin<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></i> (Mutual). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Ozark_Hillbilly_Medallion">The Ozark Hillbilly Medallion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Ozark Hillbilly Medallion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Springfield Chamber of Commerce once presented visiting dignitaries with an "Ozark <a href="/wiki/Hillbilly" title="Hillbilly">Hillbilly</a> Medallion" and a certificate proclaiming the honoree a "hillbilly of the Ozarks". On June 7, 1953, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=2414&st=&st1=">received the medallion after a breakfast speech</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607121957/http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=2414&st=&st1=">Archived</a> June 7, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) at the Shrine Mosque for a reunion of the <a href="/wiki/35th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="35th Infantry Division (United States)">35th Division</a>. Other recipients included <a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a> generals <a href="/wiki/Omar_Bradley" title="Omar Bradley">Omar Bradley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Ridgway" title="Matthew Ridgway">Matthew Ridgway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dewey_Jackson_Short" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewey Jackson Short">US Representative Dewey Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Cash_Penney" title="James Cash Penney">J. C. Penney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Olson" title="Johnny Olson">Johnny Olson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Story" title="Ralph Story">Ralph Story</a> and disc jockey <a href="/wiki/Nelson_King" title="Nelson King">Nelson King</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield_mo_aerial_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Springfield_mo_aerial_map.jpg/170px-Springfield_mo_aerial_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Springfield_mo_aerial_map.jpg/255px-Springfield_mo_aerial_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Springfield_mo_aerial_map.jpg/340px-Springfield_mo_aerial_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>Satellite view of Springfield</figcaption></figure> <p>Springfield is on the Springfield Plateau of the <a href="/wiki/Ozarks" title="Ozarks">Ozarks</a> region of southwest Missouri. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 82.31 square miles (213.2 square kilometres), of which 81.72 square miles (211.7 square kilometres) is land and 0.59 square miles (1.5 square kilometres) (0.7%) is water.<sup id="cite_ref-Gazetteer_files_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer_files-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of Springfield is mainly flat with rolling hills and cliffs surrounding its south, east, and north sections. Springfield is on the Springfield Plateau, which reaches from Northwest Arkansas to Central Missouri. Most of the plateau is characterized by forest, pastures and shrub-scrub habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many streams and tributaries, such as the <a href="/wiki/James_River_(Missouri)" title="James River (Missouri)">James River</a>, Galloway Creek and Jordan Creek, flow within or near the city. Nearby lakes include <a href="/wiki/Table_Rock_Lake" title="Table Rock Lake">Table Rock Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockton_Lake" title="Stockton Lake">Stockton Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/McDaniel_Lake" title="McDaniel Lake">McDaniel Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellows_Lake" title="Fellows Lake">Fellows Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Lake Springfield (Missouri)">Lake Springfield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pomme_de_Terre_Lake" title="Pomme de Terre Lake">Pomme de Terre Lake</a>. Springfield is near the <a href="/wiki/Mean_center_of_United_States_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Mean center of United States population">population center of the United States</a>, about 80 miles (130 km) to the east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield,_Missouri_skyline,_lightning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Springfield%2C_Missouri_skyline%2C_lightning.jpg/220px-Springfield%2C_Missouri_skyline%2C_lightning.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Springfield%2C_Missouri_skyline%2C_lightning.jpg/330px-Springfield%2C_Missouri_skyline%2C_lightning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Springfield%2C_Missouri_skyline%2C_lightning.jpg/440px-Springfield%2C_Missouri_skyline%2C_lightning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="773" /></a><figcaption>Lightning covers downtown Springfield.</figcaption></figure> <p>Springfield has an average surface wind velocity comparable to that of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, according to information compiled at the <a href="/wiki/National_Climatic_Data_Center" title="National Climatic Data Center">National Climatic Data Center</a> at <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is placed within "Power Class 3" in the Wind Energy Resource Atlas published by a branch of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a>; having an average wind speed range of 6.4 to 7.0 miles per hour.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springfield lies in the northern limits of a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<i>Cfa</i>), as defined by the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> system. As such, it experiences times of exceptional humidity; especially in late summer.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 34.3 °F (1.3 °C) in January to 79.2 °F (26.2 °C) in July.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, there are 40 days with high temperatures of 90 °F (32 °C) or greater, 2 days of 100 °F (38 °C) or greater, 15 days where the high temperature fails to rise above freezing, and 1.3 nights of lows at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) per year.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has an average annual precipitation of 44.71 inches (1,140 mm), including an average 13.70 inches (34.8 cm) of snow.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extremes in temperature range from −29 °F (−34 °C) on <a href="/wiki/Great_Blizzard_of_1899" title="Great Blizzard of 1899">February 12, 1899</a> up to 113 °F (45 °C) on July 14, 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2007 <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> list of "America's Wildest Weather Cities" and the Weather Variety Index, Springfield is the city with the most varied weather in the United States. On May 1, 2013, Springfield reached a high temperature of 81 degrees Fahrenheit. By the evening of May 2, snow was falling, persisting into the following day and eventually accumulating to about two inches.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes-wildest-weather_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-wildest-weather-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was only the second instance of measurable May snowfall in Springfield since record keeping began in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Springfield%E2%80%93Branson_National_Airport" title="Springfield–Branson National Airport">Springfield–Branson National Airport</a>, Missouri (1991−2020 normals,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extremes 1888−present<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76<br />(24) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">113<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108<br />(42) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">113<br />(45) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.8<br />(19.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.0<br />(22.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.9<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.5<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.4<br />(30.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.5<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.8<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.2<br />(36.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.6<br />(33.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.0<br />(29.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.7<br />(23.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.4<br />(19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">99.1<br />(37.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.3<br />(6.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.5<br />(9.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.9<br />(14.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.4<br />(20.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.3<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.2<br />(29.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.6<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.1<br />(31.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.4<br />(27.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.9<br />(21.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.3<br />(14.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0<br />(8.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">68.1<br />(20.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(3.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.6<br />(8.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.0<br />(13.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.0<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.9<br />(23.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.2<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.3<br />(21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.6<br />(14.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.7<br />(8.2) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">57.4<br />(14.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(−4.3) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(−2.2) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.6<br />(7.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.6<br />(13.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.6<br />(18.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.8<br />(20.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.3<br />(19.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.1<br />(15.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3<br />(8.5) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(−2.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.7<br />(8.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(−15.8) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(−13.1) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(−8.9) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(−2.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(3.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.8<br />(11.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.3<br />(14.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5<br />(13.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.7<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(−1.5) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(−7.7) </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(−13.3) </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(−18.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−19<br />(−28) </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29<br />(−34) </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8<br />(−22) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(−9) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(−2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42<br />(6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(7) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(−1) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(−8) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(−16) </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−16<br />(−27) </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−29<br />(−34) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.54<br />(65) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.40<br />(61) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.51<br />(89) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.71<br />(120) </td> <td style="background: #2CFF2C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.56<br />(141) </td> <td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.47<br />(114) </td> <td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.85<br />(98) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.59<br />(91) </td> <td style="background: #57FF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.31<br />(109) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.60<br />(91) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.56<br />(90) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.61<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.71<br />(1,136) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(8.4) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(5.1) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(8.4) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.7<br />(35) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">110.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000F8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.5 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.2 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000F0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">69.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(−6.2) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(−3.9) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.0<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.8<br />(12.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.8<br />(18.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.9<br />(17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.1<br />(14.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.3<br />(7.4) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(−3.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.3<br />(6.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.6 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">157.4 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.7 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">236.4 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">268.0 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">282.7 </td> <td style="background: #F3F317; color:#000000;" class="notheme">321.6 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">292.1 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237.6 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.3 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.1 </td> <td style="background: #C2C218; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.9 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,690.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (relative humidity, dew point, and sun 1961−1990)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCDC_txt_KSGF_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCDC_txt_KSGF-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WMO_1990_txt_KSGF_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO_1990_txt_KSGF-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>415</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>1,235</td><td></td><td>197.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>5,555</td><td></td><td>349.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>6,522</td><td></td><td>17.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>21,850</td><td></td><td>235.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>23,267</td><td></td><td>6.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>35,201</td><td></td><td>51.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>39,631</td><td></td><td>12.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>57,527</td><td></td><td>45.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>61,238</td><td></td><td>6.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>66,731</td><td></td><td>9.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>95,865</td><td></td><td>43.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>120,096</td><td></td><td>25.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>133,116</td><td></td><td>10.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>140,494</td><td></td><td>5.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>151,580</td><td></td><td>7.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>159,498</td><td></td><td>5.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>169,176</td><td></td><td>6.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">170,188</td><td></td><td>0.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />2022 Estimate<sup id="cite_ref-2018_Pop_Estimate_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2018_Pop_Estimate-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_Census">2020 Census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2020 Census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> counted 169,176 people, 78,027 households, and 37,297 families in Springfield. The population density was 2,035.6 per square mile (785.9/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 83,116 housing units at an average density of 1,000.1 units per square mile (386.1 units/km<sup>2</sup>). </p><p>The U.S. Census accounts for race by two methodologies: "Race alone" where Hispanics are allocated to the various racial categories and "Race alone less Hispanics" where Hispanics are excluded from the racial categories and delineated separately as if a separate race. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2020_U.S._Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 U.S. Census">2020 U.S. Census</a>, the racial makeup (including Hispanics in the racial counts) was 81.12% (137,235) <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">white alone</a>, 4.77% (8,063) <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">black or African-American alone</a>, 0.79% (1,334) <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native alone</a>, 2.28% (3,853) <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian alone</a>, 0.18% (304) <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander alone</a>, 2.21% (3,731) <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other race alone</a>, and 8.66% (14,656) from two or more races.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2020_U.S._Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 U.S. Census">2020 U.S. Census</a>, the racial and ethnic makeup (where Hispanics are excluded from the racial counts and placed in their own category) was 79.38% (134,294) <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 4.66% (7,877) <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">Black alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 0.63% (1,074) <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 2.25% (3,809) <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 0.16% (276) <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 0.41% (699) <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">Other Race alone (non-Hispanic)</a>, 6.63% (11,221) <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial or Mixed Race (non-Hispanic)</a>, and 5.87% (9,926) <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the 78,027 households, 19.4% had children under the age of 18; 33.1% were married couples living together; 33.6% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 39.4% consisted of individuals and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.0 and the average family size was 2.7. </p><p>17.3% of the population was under the age of 18, 19.1% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, the population had 93.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 91.1 males. </p><p>The 2016-2020 5-year <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> estimates show that the median household income was $37,491 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,212) and the median family income was $52,296 (+/- $1,594). Males had a median income of $28,927 (+/- $1,383) versus $23,395 (+/- $767) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $25,751 (+/- $590). Approximately, 12.8% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>, including 20.8% of those under the age of 18 and 12.1% of those ages 65 or over. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><b>Springfield city, Missouri – Racial and ethnic composition</b><br /><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.</i></span></small> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity <small>(<i>NH = Non-Hispanic</i>)</small> </th> <th>Pop 2000<sup id="cite_ref-2000CensusP004_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Pop 2010<sup id="cite_ref-2010CensusP2_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<sup id="cite_ref-2020CensusP2_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>137,140 </td> <td>138,495 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">134,294 </td> <td>90.47% </td> <td>86.83% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">79.38% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>4,863 </td> <td>6,397 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">7,877 </td> <td>3.21% </td> <td>4.01% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4.66% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,088 </td> <td>1,076 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,074 </td> <td>0.72% </td> <td>0.67% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>2,028 </td> <td>2,980 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3,809 </td> <td>1.34% </td> <td>1.87% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>129 </td> <td>254 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">276 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Some Other Race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>225 </td> <td>116 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">699 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed Race or Multi-Racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>2,606 </td> <td>4,329 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">11,221 </td> <td>1.72% </td> <td>2.71% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">6.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>3,501 </td> <td>5,851 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">9,926 </td> <td>2.31% </td> <td>3.67% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5.87% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>151,580</b> </td> <td><b>159,498</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>169,176</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;"><b>100.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_Census">2010 Census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2010 Census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wwwcensusgov_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwwcensusgov-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there were 159,498 people, 69,754 households, and 35,453 families residing in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 1,951.8 inhabitants per square mile (753.6/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 77,620 housing units at an average density of 949.8 units per square mile (366.7 units/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 88.7% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 4.1% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.8% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 1.9% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 1.2% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (U.S. Census)">other races</a>, and 3.2% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 3.7% of the population. </p><p>There were 69,754 households, of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.4% were <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">married couples</a> living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no spouse present, 4.7% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 49.2% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.81. </p><p>The median age in the city was 33.2 years. 18.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 18.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26% were from 25 to 44; 22.7% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_Census">2000 Census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2000 Census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000 United States Census</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 151,580 people, 64,691 households, and 35,709 families resided in the city. The population density was 2,072.0 inhabitants per square mile (800.0/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 69,650 housing units at an average density of 952.1 units per square mile (367.6 units/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 91.69% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 3.27% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.75% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 1.36% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.09% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 0.88% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 1.95% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 2.31% of the population. </p><p>There were 64,691 households, out of which 24.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.7% were <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">married couples</a> living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 44.8% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.82. In the city 19.9% were under the age of 18, 17.4% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.0 males. </p><p>The median income for a household in the city was $29,563, and the median income for a family was $38,114. Males had a median income of $27,778 versus $20,980 for females. The <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> for the city was $17,711. About 9.9% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>, including 19.1% of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Registered neighborhoods include<sup id="cite_ref-Neighborhood_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neighborhood-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> University Heights, Bissett, Bradford Park, Delaware, Doling, <a href="/wiki/Galloway,_Springfield,_Missouri" title="Galloway, Springfield, Missouri">Galloway</a>, Grant Beach, Heart of the Westside, Midtown, Oak Grove, Parkcrest, Phelps Grove, Robberson, <a href="/wiki/Rountree,_Springfield" title="Rountree, Springfield">Rountree</a>, Tom Watkins, Weller, West Central, Westside Community Betterment, and Woodland Heights. </p><p>Affiliated neighborhood groups unregistered with the city include these:<sup id="cite_ref-Neighborhood_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neighborhood-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Chesterfield Village</li> <li>Cinnamon On The Hill</li> <li>Cinnamon Square</li> <li>Coachlight</li> <li>Cooper Estates</li> <li>Fox Grape</li> <li>Kay Pointe</li> <li>Kingsbury Forest</li> <li>Lakewood Village</li> <li>Mission Hills</li> <li>National Place</li> <li>Parkwest Village</li> <li>Parkwood Survival</li> <li>Quail Creek</li> <li>Ravenwood South</li> <li>Sherman Ave Project Area</li> <li>Spring Creek</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Springfield's economy is based on health care, manufacturing, retail, education, and tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the city had a Gross Metropolitan Product of $19.49 billion, making up 6.6% of the Gross State Product of Missouri.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Total retail sales exceed $4.1 billion annually in Springfield and $5.8 billion in the Springfield MSA. Its largest shopping mall is <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_Mall" title="Battlefield Mall">Battlefield Mall</a>. According to the Springfield Convention & Visitors Bureau, an estimated 3,000,000 overnight visitors and <a href="/wiki/Day_trip" title="Day trip">day-trippers</a> annually visit the city. The city has more than 60 lodging facilities and 6,000 hotel rooms. The Convention & Visitors Bureau spends more than $1,000,000 annually marketing the city as a travel destination.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Positronic_(company)" title="Positronic (company)">Positronic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_Pro_Shops" title="Bass Pro Shops">Bass Pro Shops</a>, John Q. Hammons Hotels & Resorts, <a href="/wiki/BKD,_LLP" class="mw-redirect" title="BKD, LLP">BKD</a>, Noble & Associates, Prime Inc., <a href="/wiki/Springfield_ReManufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield ReManufacturing">Springfield ReManufacturing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy%27s_Frozen_Custard" title="Andy's Frozen Custard">Andy's Frozen Custard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts" title="O'Reilly Auto Parts">O'Reilly Auto Parts</a> all have national headquarters in Springfield.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two major American Christian denominations — <a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Assemblies_of_God_in_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="General Council of the Assemblies of God in the United States of America">General Council of the Assemblies of God in the United States of America</a> (one of the largest of the <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> denominations) and <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Bible_Fellowship_International" title="Baptist Bible Fellowship International">Baptist Bible Fellowship International</a> (a fundamentalist Baptist denomination) — are headquartered in the city. </p><p>According to the Springfield Area Chamber of Commerce, these are the top 2019 employers in the metro:<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Employer </th> <th>Employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CoxHealth" title="CoxHealth">CoxHealth</a> </td> <td>11,669 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercy_(healthcare_organization)" title="Mercy (healthcare organization)">Mercy Health System</a> </td> <td>10,950 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> </td> <td>5,372 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Public_Schools_(Missouri)" title="Springfield Public Schools (Missouri)">Springfield Public Schools</a> </td> <td>4,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>State of <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td>4,018 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bass_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass Pro">Bass Pro Shops</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tracker_Marine_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracker Marine Group">Tracker Marine</a> </td> <td>3,341 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States Government</a> </td> <td>3,005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_University" title="Missouri State University">Missouri State University</a> </td> <td>2,874 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Henry_%26_Associates" title="Jack Henry & Associates">Jack Henry & Associates</a> </td> <td>2,174 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts" title="O'Reilly Auto Parts">O'Reilly Auto Parts</a> </td> <td>2,042 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Memorial_Healthcare" title="Citizens Memorial Healthcare">Citizens Memorial Healthcare</a> </td> <td>1,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>City of Springfield </td> <td>1,655 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ozarks_Technical_Community_College" title="Ozarks Technical Community College">Ozarks Technical Community College</a> </td> <td>1,554 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EFCO" title="EFCO">EFCO</a> </td> <td>1,550 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Springfield_ReManufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield ReManufacturing">SRC Holdings</a> </td> <td>1,435 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em; font-size:95%;"> <caption>Springfield city vote<br /> by party in presidential elections<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:lightgrey;"> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Third party (United States)">Third Parties</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48.70% <i>34,777</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>48.80%</b> 34,871 </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#DCDCDC">2.50% <i>1,815</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a> </td> <td align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">40.30% <i>26,593</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><b>52.40%</b> <i>34,603</i> </td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#DCDCDC">7.20% <i>4,780</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_hall_Springfield_Missouri.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/City_hall_Springfield_Missouri.tif/lossless-page1-170px-City_hall_Springfield_Missouri.tif.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/City_hall_Springfield_Missouri.tif/lossless-page1-255px-City_hall_Springfield_Missouri.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/City_hall_Springfield_Missouri.tif/lossless-page1-340px-City_hall_Springfield_Missouri.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="1912" data-file-height="2424" /></a><figcaption>Springfield City Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Springfield's city government is based on the <a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">council–manager</a> system. By charter, the city has eight council members, each elected for a four-year term on a <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisanism">nonpartisan</a> basis, and a <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> elected for a two-year term. Jason Gage, the City Manager, appointed by the council, serves as the chief executive and administrative officer for the city and is responsible for directing the overall operations of the City of Springfield and for executing all policies and programs authorized by City Council.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anita Cotter, the City Clerk, appointed by the council to serve as the Chief of Staff for City Council Members and Custodian of Records, coordinates and responds to all Sunshine Requests and maintains official City records, including minutes, ordinances, resolutions, contracts, and other vital documents.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presiding officer at council meetings is the mayor. Council meetings are held every other Monday night in City Council Chambers. City Council elections are held the first Tuesday in April. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Springfield City Council<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Office </th> <th>Officeholder </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mayor </td> <td>Ken McClure </td></tr> <tr> <td>General Seat A </td> <td>Heather Hardinger </td></tr> <tr> <td>General Seat B </td> <td>Craig Hosmer </td></tr> <tr> <td>General Seat C </td> <td>Callie Carroll </td></tr> <tr> <td>General Seat D </td> <td>Derek Lee </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zone 1 </td> <td>Monica Horton </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zone 2 </td> <td>Abe McGull </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zone 3 </td> <td>Brandon Jenson </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zone 4 </td> <td>Matthew Simpson </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/City_Utilities_of_Springfield" title="City Utilities of Springfield">City Utilities of Springfield</a> (CU) is a city-owned utility serving the Springfield area with electricity, natural gas, water, telecommunications and transit services. CU provides service to over 115,000 electric, 84,000 natural gas, and 83,000 water customers. <sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Springfield has several universities, colleges, and high schools. Three of the main higher learning institutions, Missouri State University, Drury University, and Ozarks Technical Community College, are all located in and around downtown Springfield. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MissouriStateUHistoricQuad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/MissouriStateUHistoricQuad.jpg/220px-MissouriStateUHistoricQuad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/MissouriStateUHistoricQuad.jpg/330px-MissouriStateUHistoricQuad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/MissouriStateUHistoricQuad.jpg/440px-MissouriStateUHistoricQuad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="907" /></a><figcaption>View toward <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_University" title="Missouri State University">Missouri State University</a>'s Historic Quadrangle</figcaption></figure> <p>Founded in 1905 as the Fourth District Normal School, <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_University" title="Missouri State University">Missouri State University</a> (MSU) is the state's second largest university by enrollment, with over 23,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Drury_University" title="Drury University">Drury University</a> is a private university with over 1,000 students<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded in 1873 by congregationalists, it is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Church_(Disciples_of_Christ)" title="Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)">Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)</a>. </p><p>Evangel University is a Pentecostal Christian school formed from a 2013 consolidation of <a href="/wiki/Central_Bible_College" title="Central Bible College">Central Bible College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_Theological_Seminary" title="Assemblies of God Theological Seminary">Assemblies of God Theological Seminary</a>, it is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_USA" title="Assemblies of God USA">Assemblies of God USA</a> denomination<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a> opened a clinical campus in 2016 of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri_School_of_Medicine" title="University of Missouri School of Medicine">University of Missouri School of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other branches include Mercy College of Nursing and Health Sciences (in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Baptist_University" title="Southwest Baptist University">Southwest Baptist University</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bryan_University" title="Bryan University">Bryan University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_College_(Missouri)" title="Columbia College (Missouri)">Columbia College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Phoenix" title="University of Phoenix">University of Phoenix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges">Colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ozarks_Technical_Community_College_Main_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ozarks_Technical_Community_College_Main_Entrance.jpg/220px-Ozarks_Technical_Community_College_Main_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ozarks_Technical_Community_College_Main_Entrance.jpg/330px-Ozarks_Technical_Community_College_Main_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ozarks_Technical_Community_College_Main_Entrance.jpg/440px-Ozarks_Technical_Community_College_Main_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3768" data-file-height="2632" /></a><figcaption>Ozarks Technical Community College</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ozarks_Technical_Community_College" title="Ozarks Technical Community College">Ozarks Technical Community College</a> (OTC) is the second largest college in the city of Springfield, having more than 11,000 students in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other colleges in Springfield include <a href="/wiki/Mission_University" title="Mission University">Mission University</a> (formerly Baptist Bible College) and <a href="/wiki/CoxHealth" title="CoxHealth">Cox College</a> (Nursing and Allied Health). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_schools">High schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: High schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Public_Schools_(Missouri)" title="Springfield Public Schools (Missouri)">Springfield Public School District</a> is the largest district in the state of Missouri.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public high schools include <a href="/wiki/Central_High_School_(Springfield,_Missouri)" title="Central High School (Springfield, Missouri)">Central High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_High_School_(Springfield,_Missouri)" title="Kickapoo High School (Springfield, Missouri)">Kickapoo High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_High_School_(Springfield,_Missouri)" title="Hillcrest High School (Springfield, Missouri)">Hillcrest High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parkview_High_School_(Springfield,_Missouri)" title="Parkview High School (Springfield, Missouri)">Parkview High School</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glendale_High_School_(Missouri)" title="Glendale High School (Missouri)">Glendale High School</a>. </p><p>Private high schools include Springfield Sudbury School, Summit Preparatory School, <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Laboratory_School" title="Greenwood Laboratory School">Greenwood Laboratory School</a>, New Covenant Academy, <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Catholic_High_School_(Missouri)" title="Springfield Catholic High School (Missouri)">Springfield Catholic High School</a>, Christian Schools of Springfield, and Grace Classical Academy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Springfield-Greene County Park Board manages 3,200 acres and 103 sites,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the Nathanael Greene/Close Memorial Park, which contains the historic Gray-Campbell Farmstead, Mizumoto Japanese Stroll Garden, Master Gardener demonstration gardens, Bill Roston Native Butterfly House, and Springfield-Greene County Botanical Center;<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Rutledge-Wilson Farm Community Park; the <a href="/wiki/Mediacom_Ice_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediacom Ice Park">Mediacom Ice Park</a>; the Cooper Park and Sports Complex; <a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Caverns" title="Fantastic Caverns">Fantastic Caverns</a><a href="/wiki/Dickerson_Park_Zoo" title="Dickerson Park Zoo">, Dickerson Park Zoo</a>; and various other public parks, community centers, and facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The non-profit Ozark Greenways Inc. promotes trail recreation and local bicycling through the establishment of greenway trails, including a 35-mile crushed-gravel trail, the Frisco Highline Trail connecting Springfield to the town of Bolivar, and smaller trails connecting parks and sites of interest within the town and county.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Department_of_Conservation" title="Missouri Department of Conservation">Missouri Department of Conservation</a> operates the Springfield Nature Center and numerous nearby conservation areas.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> operates the nearby <a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_Creek_National_Battlefield" title="Wilson's Creek National Battlefield">Wilson's Creek National Battlefield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springfield's metropolitan area is situated within close distance of recreational lakes, waterways, caves, and forests, such as the <a href="/wiki/James_River_(Missouri)" title="James River (Missouri)">James River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Busiek_State_Forest" title="Busiek State Forest">Busiek State Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Springfield_(Missouri)" title="Lake Springfield (Missouri)">Lake Springfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Table_Rock_Lake" title="Table Rock Lake">Table Rock Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_National_River" title="Buffalo National River">Buffalo National River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozark_National_Scenic_Riverways" title="Ozark National Scenic Riverways">Ozark National Scenic Riverways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellows_Lake" title="Fellows Lake">Fellows Lake</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fantastic_Caverns" title="Fantastic Caverns">Fantastic Caverns</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like many cities across the nation, Springfield has seen a resurgence in its downtown area. Many of the older buildings have been, and are continuing to be, renovated into mixed-use buildings such as lofts, office space, restaurants, coffee shops, bars, boutiques, and music venues.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This is true, but difficult to find sources for (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Downtown Springfield <a href="/wiki/Business_Improvement_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Business Improvement District">Community Improvement District</a> (CID) has historic theaters that have been restored to their original state, including the <a href="/wiki/Gillioz_Theatre" title="Gillioz Theatre">Gillioz Theatre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Landers_Theatre" title="Landers Theatre">Landers Theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, Phase I of Jordan Valley Park opened along with the Jordan Valley Ice Park. 2001 also saw the opening of The Creamery Arts Center, a city-owned building inside Jordan Valley Park.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phase II of Jordan Valley Park was completed in 2012. It provides office and meeting space for arts organizations which serve the community. The center has been renovated to include two art galleries with monthly exhibitions, an Arts Library, rehearsal studios, and classrooms offering art workshops and hands-on activities. The facilities also include an outdoor classroom. </p><p>A March 2009 <i>New York Times</i> article<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> described the history and ascendancy of <a href="/wiki/Cashew_chicken" title="Cashew chicken">cashew chicken</a> in Springfield, where local variations of the popular Chinese dish are ubiquitous. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_organizations">Cultural organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Cultural organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landers_Theater_Elevation_311_E_Walnut.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Landers_Theater_Elevation_311_E_Walnut.JPG/220px-Landers_Theater_Elevation_311_E_Walnut.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Landers_Theater_Elevation_311_E_Walnut.JPG/330px-Landers_Theater_Elevation_311_E_Walnut.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Landers_Theater_Elevation_311_E_Walnut.JPG/440px-Landers_Theater_Elevation_311_E_Walnut.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Landers_Theatre" title="Landers Theatre">Landers Theatre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Ozarks Lyric Opera (formerly the Springfield Regional Opera)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has operated in the city for nearly 40 years. In its history, the opera has performed various well known shows, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Barber_of_Seville" title="The Barber of Seville">The Barber of Seville</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème">La bohème</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carmen" title="Carmen">Carmen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Springfield Ballet was founded in 1978 as a <a href="/wiki/Not-for-Profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Not-for-Profit">not-for-profit</a> to bring <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> to the region. The first performance was held at the Springfield Art Museum in November 1976, and the first public performance in March 1977. The ballet currently performs at the <a href="/wiki/Landers_Theatre" title="Landers Theatre">Landers Theatre</a> in downtown Springfield, and has performed with the Springfield Symphony for holiday programs.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Little_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Little Theatre">Springfield Little Theatre</a> was founded in 1934 and purchased the Landers Theatre in 1970 for its permanent performance venue. The theatre is the oldest civic theatre in Missouri and one of the oldest in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, attended by 60,000 people yearly. The venue has been the setting for performances by actors such as <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Turner" title="Kathleen Turner">Kathleen Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tess_Harper" title="Tess Harper">Tess Harper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Grabeel" title="Lucas Grabeel">Lucas Grabeel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Springfield Symphony was founded in 1935 and is one of the oldest arts organizations in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Symphony" title="Symphony">symphony</a> was one of the founding members of the American Symphony Orchestra League, now known as the <a href="/wiki/League_of_American_Orchestras" title="League of American Orchestras">League of American Orchestras</a>, the largest international body for symphonies and orchestras. The symphony performs monthly at Juanita K. Hammons Hall on the Missouri State University campus.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Springfield Art Museum was started by a small group of women, headed by Deborah D. Weisel. Within two years of its original founding as an art study club, the museum had been formed and began showing <a href="/wiki/Travelling_exhibition" title="Travelling exhibition">travelling exhibitions</a> from cities like <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>. In 1948, the museum was handed into the control of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, a 30-year plan was revealed with the intent of updating the museum to be comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art" title="Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art">Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art</a> in Kansas City and <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art" title="Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art">Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Arkansas" title="Northwest Arkansas">Northwest Arkansas</a>, capitalizing on its central location in the city and adjacent park space.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GLO Center is the LGBTQIA+ community center for Springfield and the Ozarks. Founded in 1996, it is the oldest operating LGBTQIA+ center in Missouri, and the only of its kind in southwest Missouri.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>OLGA, founded in 2003 is the Ozarks Lesbian and Gay History Archives. It is housed at the Missouri State University, Meyer Library, and has oral histories, collections, and records of lived experiences of the LGBTQ population of southwest Missouri and the Ozarks.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, a Springfield flag was made official. It resembled the flag of St. Louis (which was later replaced by a new flag). In 2017, the Springfield Flag Movement proposed a new flag for Springfield, arguing that the current flag is disconnected from modern Springfield culture, as it "doesn't speak to the unique history and identity of Springfield".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 10, 2022, Springfield's city council voted 7–2 in favor of adopting the Springfield Flag Movement's proposed flag as the official city flag. The new flag was officially adopted by the city on March 1, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Missouri Food Truck Festival brings <a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">food trucks</a> from Springfield and surrounding states. Like most local events, it includes live music and specialty <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>First Friday is a monthly event held in Downtown Springfield that allows local artists to show off their works and encourages people to stroll the streets and <a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">art galleries</a> to look at local works of art. The event is sponsored by the Springfield Regional Arts Council and has been a regular event in the city since 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg/220px-ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg/330px-ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg/440px-ParkCentralSquarefountainbyCVBCS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2917" data-file-height="1945" /></a><figcaption>Park Central Square in downtown Springfield has multiple annual festivals.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cider Days is a two-day event held on Walnut Street downtown featuring local artists showing their crafts, fall themed activities and performances by local groups, as well as <a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">cider</a> sampling. Arts Fest is held in May also on Walnut Street downtown, and features similar art vendors showing crafts as well as entertainment for children.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2010, the city has hosted the annual Birthplace of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66" title="U.S. Route 66">Route 66</a> Festival in the downtown area along the historic Route 66 and in Park Central Square. A parade starts the event with a collection of dozens of vintage cars traveling along the former highway. There are also live performances in Park Central Square as people move around St. Louis Street to observe <a href="/wiki/Classic_car" title="Classic car">classic cars</a> and browse items from vendors selling artwork and literature about Route 66. The event also holds a 6.6 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">kilometer</a> run. The 2018 festival lasted two days and was attended by 56,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Japanese Fall Festival usually takes place in September at the Springfield Botanical Gardens in <a href="/wiki/Nathanael_Greene" title="Nathanael Greene">Nathanael Greene</a> Park. The event is put on by the <a href="/wiki/Sister_Cities_International" title="Sister Cities International">Sister Cities Association</a> and commemorates <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Culture">Japanese culture</a>, often involving visitors from Springfield's sister city of <a href="/wiki/Isesaki,_Gunma" class="mw-redirect" title="Isesaki, Gunma">Isesaki</a>, offering <a href="/wiki/Green_tea" title="Green tea">Japanese tea</a>, giving live performances and selling traditional items like <a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kimono" title="Kimono">kimono</a> dresses. Springfield in turns sends local groups to Isesaki's city festival each year.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pridefest is an annual LGBTQ gathering, taking place every June, first organized in 1998. The GLO Center organises the event, as well as Pride in the Park, a yearly event in October.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several holiday events take place in Springfield, including the yearly Downtown Christmas Parade showcasing local schools and businesses sponsoring <a href="/wiki/Float_(parade)" title="Float (parade)">floats</a>. There's also a yearly lighting of a <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas tree</a> at Park Central Square and the Festival of Lights in Jordan Valley Park. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Points_of_interest">Points of interest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Points of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Springfield,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="National Register of Historic Places in Springfield, Missouri">National Register of Historic Places in Springfield, Missouri</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>Air & Military Museum of the Ozarks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> Library at <a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_Creek_National_Battlefield" title="Wilson's Creek National Battlefield">Wilson's Creek National Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Springfield" title="First Battle of Springfield">Battle of Springfield</a> Driving Tour</li> <li>Commercial Street Historic District</li> <li>The Creamery Arts Center</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickerson_Park_Zoo" title="Dickerson Park Zoo">Dickerson Park Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Center_of_Springfield" title="Discovery Center of Springfield">Discovery Center of Springfield</a></li> <li>Dr. Michael J. Clarke History Museum of Ozarks Scouting</li> <li>Flower Pentecostal Heritage Center</li> <li>Founders Park</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li>Gray-Campbell Farmstead</li> <li>History Museum on the Square</li> <li>Missouri Institute of Natural Science - Riverbluff Cave</li> <li>Springfield Art Museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Greene_County_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Greene County Library">Springfield-Greene County Library District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Springfield,_Missouri)" title="St. John's Episcopal Church (Springfield, Missouri)">St. John's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Trail of Tears National Historic Trail">Trail of Tears National Historic Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66" title="U.S. Route 66">US Route 66</a> marker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Bill_Hickok%E2%80%93Davis_Tutt_shootout" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild Bill Hickok–Davis Tutt shootout">Wild Bill Hickok–Davis Tutt shootout</a> site</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonders_of_Wildlife_Museum_%26_Aquarium" title="Wonders of Wildlife Museum & Aquarium">Wonders of Wildlife Museum & Aquarium</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Springfield hosts college teams from <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_University" title="Missouri State University">Missouri State University</a> (<a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a>), <a href="/wiki/Drury_University" title="Drury University">Drury University</a> (<a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II" title="NCAA Division II">NCAA Division II</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Evangel_University" title="Evangel University">Evangel University</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">NAIA</a>). <a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_Bank_Arena" title="Great Southern Bank Arena">Great Southern Bank Arena</a> (capacity 11,000) opened in 2008 and hosted the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Bears_and_Lady_Bears" title="Missouri State Bears and Lady Bears">Missouri State Bears and Lady Bears</a> basketball teams, and the <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Family_Event_Center" title="O'Reilly Family Event Center">O'Reilly Family Event Center</a>, which opened in 2010, hosts the <a href="/wiki/Drury_Panthers" title="Drury Panthers">Drury Panthers</a> men's and women's basketball teams. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers_in_Kansas_(14710014375).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers_in_Kansas_%2814710014375%29.jpg/220px-United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers_in_Kansas_%2814710014375%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers_in_Kansas_%2814710014375%29.jpg/330px-United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers_in_Kansas_%2814710014375%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers_in_Kansas_%2814710014375%29.jpg/440px-United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers_in_Kansas_%2814710014375%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hammons_Field" title="Hammons Field">Hammons Field</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Cardinals" title="Springfield Cardinals">Springfield Cardinals</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Double-A_(baseball)" title="Double-A (baseball)">Double-A</a> affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a>, have played at <a href="/wiki/Hammons_Field" title="Hammons Field">Hammons Field</a> in downtown Springfield since their inaugural season in 2005 after the team moved from <a href="/wiki/El_Paso_Diablos" title="El Paso Diablos">El Paso</a>. There have been more than 100 Springfield Cardinals who have gone on to play for St. Louis.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield has had minor league teams dating back to 1905, and this city has hosted various exposition games. </p><p>Springfield Rugby Football Club (SRFC) was established in 1983 and is a well-known rugby club in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a>. SRFC plays in Division II of the Frontier Region of the Western Conference which runs teams for men, women and youth.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour" title="PGA Tour">PGA</a> sponsored <a href="/wiki/Price_Cutter_Charity_Championship" title="Price Cutter Charity Championship">Price Cutter Charity Championship</a> is played at Highland Springs Country Club on the southeast side of Springfield every year. The event is sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Dr_Pepper" title="Dr Pepper">Dr Pepper</a>. Since the event started in 1990, more than $14 million has been raised for local children's charities.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JQHArenaExterior.08.2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/JQHArenaExterior.08.2010.jpg/220px-JQHArenaExterior.08.2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/JQHArenaExterior.08.2010.jpg/330px-JQHArenaExterior.08.2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/JQHArenaExterior.08.2010.jpg/440px-JQHArenaExterior.08.2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/JQH_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="JQH Arena">JQH Arena</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Springfield has hosted various sporting events. Missouri State's campus in Springfield has hosted the Missouri <a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympics</a> several times. Springfield has also hosted the Show-Me Games and regularly hosts the Missouri Winter Games in the sports of <a href="/wiki/Racquetball" title="Racquetball">racquetball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trap_shooting" title="Trap shooting">trap shooting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnastics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019 and 2020, Springfield will the host of the <a href="/wiki/NAIA_Softball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Softball Championship">NAIA Softball Championship</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Springfield has also been the host of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Conference_baseball_tournament" title="Missouri Valley Conference baseball tournament">Missouri Valley Conference baseball tournament</a>, as well as finals for the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Conference" title="Missouri Valley Conference">Missouri Valley Conference</a> in sports like tennis and volleyball.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a city with a <a href="/wiki/World_TeamTennis" title="World TeamTennis">World TeamTennis</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Lasers" title="Springfield Lasers">Springfield Lasers</a>, Springfield has hosted final games at <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Tennis_Complex" title="Cooper Tennis Complex">Cooper Tennis Complex</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Sports_Hall_of_Fame" title="Missouri Sports Hall of Fame">Missouri Sports Hall of Fame</a> is located in the city. Opening in 1994, the hall of fame contains over four thousand sports related items and exhibits. Each year the hall inducts new members who have contributed to sports in the state of Missouri, including athletes, broadcasters, coaches, physical therapists, winning sports teams and <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic athletes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in 2003, Springfield was only one of thirteen cities in the United States to be a part of the <a href="/wiki/US_Olympic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="US Olympic Committee">US Olympic Committee</a>'s Olympic Development Program.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal of the program was to develop beginning athletes into elite athletes, with Springfield's program focusing on archery, hockey, tennis and volleyball. Despite the end of the Olympic program in all cities, the city maintains the program as the Community Sports Development Program sponsored by the Springfield Greene County Park Board.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 9, 2023, Springfield was announced as the first of four teams in <a href="/wiki/The_Arena_League" title="The Arena League">The Arena League</a>, an indoor football league with its inaugural season in 2024. The <a href="/wiki/Ozarks_Lunkers" title="Ozarks Lunkers">Ozarks Lunkers</a> hosts games at the <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Logistics_Arena" title="Wilson Logistics Arena">Wilson Logistics Arena</a> at the Ozark Empire Fairgrounds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sports_teams">Sports teams</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sports teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Club </th> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">Sport </th> <th scope="col">Venue </th> <th scope="col">Established </th> <th scope="col">Championships </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Cardinals" title="Springfield Cardinals">Springfield Cardinals</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_League" title="Texas League">Texas League</a> </td> <td>Baseball </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hammons_Field" title="Hammons Field">Hammons Field</a> </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Lasers" title="Springfield Lasers">Springfield Lasers</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/World_TeamTennis" title="World TeamTennis">WTT</a> </td> <td>Team tennis </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Tennis_Complex" title="Cooper Tennis Complex">Cooper Tennis Complex</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;text-align:left;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Demize_NPSL" title="Demize NPSL">Demize NPSL</a> </p> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Premier_Soccer_League" title="National Premier Soccer League">NPSL</a> </td> <td>Soccer </td> <td>Cooper Stadium </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ozarks_Lunkers" title="Ozarks Lunkers">Ozarks Lunkers</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Arena_League" title="The Arena League">The Arena League</a> </td> <td>Arena Football </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Logistics_Arena" title="Wilson Logistics Arena">Wilson Logistics Arena</a> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highways">Highways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Springfield is served by <a href="/wiki/Interstate_44_in_Missouri" title="Interstate 44 in Missouri">I-44</a>, which connects the city with <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a>. <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Route_13" title="Missouri Route 13">Route 13</a> (Kansas Expressway) carries traffic north towards <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_60_in_Missouri" title="U.S. Route 60 in Missouri">US 60</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_65_in_Missouri" title="U.S. Route 65 in Missouri">US 65</a>, and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_160" title="U.S. Route 160">US 160</a> pass through the city. The average commuting time was 17.7 minutes from 2013 to 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major streets include Glenstone Avenue, Sunshine Street (<a href="/wiki/Missouri_Route_413" title="Missouri Route 413">Route 413</a>), National Avenue, Division Street, Campbell Avenue, Kansas Expressway, Battlefield Road, Republic Road, West Bypass, Chestnut Expressway, and Kearney Street. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US-65_at_I-44.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/US-65_at_I-44.jpg/220px-US-65_at_I-44.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/US-65_at_I-44.jpg/330px-US-65_at_I-44.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/US-65_at_I-44.jpg/440px-US-65_at_I-44.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Highway 65 leading to I-44</figcaption></figure> <p>Springfield is also the site of the first <a href="/wiki/Diverging_diamond_interchange" title="Diverging diamond interchange">diverging diamond interchange</a> within the United States, at the intersection of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_44_in_Missouri" title="Interstate 44 in Missouri">I-44</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Route_13" title="Missouri Route 13">MO-13 (Kansas Expressway)</a> (at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Springfield,_Missouri&params=37.2503_N_93.3107_W_scale:3000&title=Springfield%2C+Missouri%2C+diverging+diamond+interchange"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°15′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">93°18′39″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.2503°N 93.3107°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.2503; -93.3107</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Springfield, Missouri, diverging diamond interchange</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66_in_Missouri" title="U.S. Route 66 in Missouri">US 66</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_166" title="U.S. Route 166">US 166</a> formerly passed through Springfield, and sections of historic US 66 can still be seen in the city. US 166's eastern terminus was once in the northeast section of the city, and US 60 (westbound) originally ended in downtown Springfield. US 60 now goes through town on <a href="/wiki/James_River_Freeway" title="James River Freeway">James River Freeway</a>. In mid-November 2013, the city began discussing plans to upgrade sections of Schoolcraft Freeway (US 65) and James River Freeway (US 60) through the city to an auxiliary route of Interstate 44. The main reason is to minimize confusion should there be an incident on I-44 as a detour route. In early 2023, plans were announced to widen James River Freeway to 6 lanes, 3 lanes each way, and designate the Schoolcraft Freeway and James River Freeway to possibly I-244.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Springfield-Branson_National_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield-Branson National Airport">Springfield-Branson National Airport</a> serves the city with direct flights to 14 cities. It is the principal air gateway to the Springfield region. The <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Airport_(Missouri)" title="Downtown Airport (Missouri)">Downtown Airport</a> is also a public-use airport located near downtown. In May 2009, the Springfield-Branson airport opened a new passenger terminal. Financing included $97 million in revenue bonds issued by the airport and $20 million of discretionary federal aviation funds, with no city taxes used. The building includes 275,000 square feet (25,500 m<sup>2</sup>), 10 gates (expandable to 60) and 1,826 parking spaces. Direct connections from Springfield are available to <a href="/wiki/Hartsfield%E2%80%93Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" title="Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin%E2%80%93Bergstrom_International_Airport" title="Austin–Bergstrom International Airport">Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Douglas_International_Airport" title="Charlotte Douglas International Airport">Charlotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" title="O'Hare International Airport">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Fort_Worth_International_Airport" title="Dallas Fort Worth International Airport">Dallas/Fort Worth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denver_International_Airport" title="Denver International Airport">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Destin%E2%80%93Fort_Walton_Beach_Airport" title="Destin–Fort Walton Beach Airport">Destin/Fort Walton Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punta_Gorda_Airport_(Florida)" title="Punta Gorda Airport (Florida)">Punta Gorda/Fort Myers</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bush_Intercontinental_Airport" title="George Bush Intercontinental Airport">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid_International_Airport" title="Harry Reid International Airport">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Sanford_International_Airport" title="Orlando Sanford International Airport">Orlando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix%E2%80%93Mesa_Gateway_Airport" title="Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport">Phoenix</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Pete%E2%80%93Clearwater_International_Airport" title="St. Pete–Clearwater International Airport">St. Petersburg/Clearwater</a>. No international flights have regular service into Springfield-Branson, but it does serve international charters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trains">Trains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Trains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Passenger trains have not served Springfield since 1967, but more than 65 freight trains travel to, from, and through the city each day. Springfield once hosted the headquarters and main shops of the St. Louis-San Francisco Railroad <a href="/wiki/St._Louis-San_Francisco_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis-San Francisco Railway">(Frisco)</a>. Into the 1960s, the <i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City-Florida_Special" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City-Florida Special">Kansas City-Florida Special</a></i> ran from <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Union_Station" title="Kansas City Union Station">Kansas City Union Station</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a>, and the <i>Sunnyland</i> ran between Kansas City and <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>. The railroad also operated two daily trains to <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Union_Station" title="St. Louis Union Station">St. Louis Union Station</a> through its Springfield station: the <i><a href="/wiki/Meteor_(train)" title="Meteor (train)">Meteor</a></i> and the <i>Will Rogers.</i> Both continued southwest to <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Oklahoma_City)" title="Union Station (Oklahoma City)">Oklahoma City Union Station</a> via <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Union_Depot" title="Tulsa Union Depot">Tulsa Union Depot</a>. The <i>Meteor</i> continued on to <a href="/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahoma" title="Lawton, Oklahoma">Lawton, Oklahoma</a>. The Frisco's final passenger train was the <i>Southland</i> (Kansas City - Memphis - Birmingham), a successor to the <i>Sunnyland.</i><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As late as 1949 the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Pacific">Missouri Pacific</a> had a short branch line connection from the company's Springfield station to <a href="/wiki/Crane,_Missouri" title="Crane, Missouri">Crane</a>, whereupon connections could be made to the <i>Southern Scenic</i> on the railroad's Kansas City to <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Arkansas" title="Newport, Arkansas">Newport, Arkansas</a>, line.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Frisco was absorbed by the <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Northern" class="mw-redirect" title="Burlington Northern">Burlington Northern</a> (BN) in 1980, and in 1994 the BN merged with the Santa Fe, creating the current <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Northern_Santa_Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Burlington Northern Santa Fe">Burlington Northern Santa Fe</a> (BNSF) Railway. BNSF has three switch yards (two small) in Springfield. Mainlines to and from Kansas City, St. Louis, Memphis, and Tulsa converge at the railroad's yard facility in northern Springfield. In October 2006, BNSF announced plans to upgrade its Tulsa and Memphis mainlines into Springfield to handle an additional four to six daily <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermodal freight train">intermodal freight trains</a> between the West Coast and the Southeast. The <a href="/wiki/Missouri_and_Northern_Arkansas_Railroad" title="Missouri and Northern Arkansas Railroad">Missouri and Northern Arkansas Railroad</a> operates several miles of (former <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Pacific">Missouri Pacific</a>) industrial track in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/City_Utilities_of_Springfield" title="City Utilities of Springfield">City Utilities of Springfield</a> operates local bus service. <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a> serves Springfield on its line from New York to Los Angeles. <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Lines" title="Jefferson Lines">Jefferson Lines</a> serves Springfield on its line from Kansas City to Little Rock/<a href="/wiki/Pine_Bluff,_Arkansas" title="Pine Bluff, Arkansas">Pine Bluff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CoxHealth_South.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/CoxHealth_South.jpg/220px-CoxHealth_South.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/CoxHealth_South.jpg/330px-CoxHealth_South.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/CoxHealth_South.jpg/440px-CoxHealth_South.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3814" data-file-height="1927" /></a><figcaption>CoxHealth South</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USMCEntrancewayMissouri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/USMCEntrancewayMissouri.jpg/220px-USMCEntrancewayMissouri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/USMCEntrancewayMissouri.jpg/330px-USMCEntrancewayMissouri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/USMCEntrancewayMissouri.jpg/440px-USMCEntrancewayMissouri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2484" data-file-height="1618" /></a><figcaption>The entrance to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Medical_Center_for_Federal_Prisoners" title="United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners">United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Springfield is a regional medical hub with the healthcare field employing a large number of people in the city. Major care providers include <a href="/wiki/CoxHealth" title="CoxHealth">CoxHealth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercy_(healthcare_organization)" title="Mercy (healthcare organization)">Mercy</a>, Ozarks Community Hospital and Jordan Valley Community Health Center, with Mercy being classified amongst the top 100 hospitals in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-news-leader.com_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news-leader.com-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The industry employs more than 30,000 people in the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Missouri" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Missouri">Springfield metro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/CoxHealth" title="CoxHealth">CoxHealth</a> is a private not-for-profit healthcare system headquartered in Springfield. It is ranked in the top ten hospitals in Missouri<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is a seven time top 100 hospital system operating six hospitals, over 80 clinics, health plans and other facilities and employing over 12,100 people in southwest Missouri and <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Arkansas" title="Northwest Arkansas">Northwest Arkansas</a>. The largest of the network's hospitals, <a href="/wiki/Cox_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Cox South">Cox South</a> is a level one trauma, stroke, and STEMI Center. Cox also runs a <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Miracle_Network_Hospitals" title="Children's Miracle Network Hospitals">Children's Miracle Network Hospital</a> for specialized pediatric care.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mercy Hospital Springfield, part of the Mercy Health System based in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, is ranked number six in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a <a href="/wiki/Level_1_Trauma_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Level 1 Trauma Center">Level 1 Trauma Center</a> and runs a pediatric cancer center. Mercy Springfield is one of only six <a href="/wiki/St._Jude_Children%27s_Research_Hospital" title="St. Jude Children's Research Hospital">St. Jude Children's Research Hospital</a> affiliates in the country, located inside the Jane Pitt Pediatric Cancer Center named for Jane Pitt, mother of actor and Springfield native, <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a>, who helped to fund the center with help from his brother, businessman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Pitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Pitt (page does not exist)">Douglas Pitt</a>, sister Julie, and then partner, actress <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Jolie" title="Angelina Jolie">Angelina Jolie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both Cox and Mercy maintain <a href="/wiki/Ronald_McDonald_House_Charities" title="Ronald McDonald House Charities">Ronald McDonald House Charities</a> and houses for families of those who have children undergoing medical treatment. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Medical_Center_for_Federal_Prisoners" title="United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners">United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners</a>, one of six federal institutions designed to handle federal inmates' medical concerns, is located at the corner of W. Sunshine Street and Kansas Expressway.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several high-profile criminals, including several <a href="/wiki/Mob_Boss" class="mw-redirect" title="Mob Boss">mob bosses</a> have been housed at the center. Among them, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonanno" title="Joseph Bonanno">Joseph Bonanno</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno crime family</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Gotti" title="John Gotti">John Gotti</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino crime family</a>, who died in the center. The center also housed mass murderer <a href="/wiki/Jared_Lee_Loughner" title="Jared Lee Loughner">Jared Lee Loughner</a>, who perpetrated the <a href="/wiki/2011_Tucson_shooting" title="2011 Tucson shooting">2011 Tucson shooting</a> injuring <a href="/wiki/US_Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="US Representative">US Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Gabby_Giffords" title="Gabby Giffords">Gabby Giffords</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's major daily newspaper is the <i><a href="/wiki/Springfield_News-Leader" title="Springfield News-Leader">Springfield News-Leader</a>,</i> which circulates to more than 50,000 people on Sundays.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Other newspapers for Springfield include <i>Daily Events</i>, <i>Springfield Business Journal,</i> which is a weekly paper that provides comprehensive business news, and <i>The Standard</i> which is Missouri State University's in-school newspaper, and <i>Ozarks Independent</i>, an online local news publication. </p><p>In addition to newspapers, Springfield is the base of 417 Magazine, a local lifestyle and entertainment magazine showcasing restaurants, attractions and local businesses in the <a href="/wiki/417_area_code" class="mw-redirect" title="417 area code">417 area code</a>. The Magazine also maintains 417 Biz for business and networking information highlighting local businesspeople and entrepreneurs, as well as 417 Bride for wedding and bridal related content. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2021, the Springfield media market ranks 74th in the nation, amongst markets like <a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia, South Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area is composed of 31 counties in southwest Missouri and Arkansas. As of 2021, there are 432,370 television-owning households.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Springfield Area Television </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Station </th> <th>Channel </th> <th>Network </th> <th>Subchannels </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KYTV_(TV)" class="mw-redirect" title="KYTV (TV)">KYTV</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> </td> <td>3.4 <a href="/wiki/Circle_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circle (TV network)">Circle</a> <p>3.5 <a href="/wiki/Justice_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice Network">Justice Network</a> </p><p>3.6 <a href="/wiki/Quest_(American_TV_network)" title="Quest (American TV network)">Quest</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KRFT-LD" class="mw-redirect" title="KRFT-LD">KRFT</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Court_TV" title="Court TV">Court TV</a> </td> <td>8.2 <a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">Light TV</a> <p>8.3 <a href="/wiki/This_TV" title="This TV">This TV</a> </p><p>8.4 <a href="/wiki/Heartland_(TV_network)" title="Heartland (TV network)">Heartland</a> </p><p>8.5 <a href="/wiki/QVC" title="QVC">QVC</a> </p><p>8.6 <a href="/wiki/Nuestra_Visi%C3%B3n" title="Nuestra Visión">Nuestra Visión</a> </p><p>8..8 <a href="/wiki/Dabl" title="Dabl">Dabl</a> </p><p>8.9 <a href="/wiki/Buzzr" title="Buzzr">Buzzr</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KOLR" title="KOLR">KOLR</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> </td> <td>10.2 <a href="/wiki/Laff_(TV_network)" title="Laff (TV network)">Laff</a> <p>10.3 <a href="/wiki/Grit_(TV_network)" title="Grit (TV network)">Grit</a> </p><p>10.4 <a href="/wiki/CBN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="CBN News">CBN News</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KYCW-LD" title="KYCW-LD">KYCW</a> </td> <td>24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a> </td> <td>3.2 <a href="/wiki/WeatherNation_TV" title="WeatherNation TV">WeatherNation TV</a> <p>3.3 <a href="/wiki/Cozi_TV" title="Cozi TV">Cozi TV</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KOZK" title="KOZK">KOZK</a> </td> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> </td> <td>21.2 <a href="/wiki/PBS_Kids" title="PBS Kids">PBS Kids</a> <p>21.3 <a href="/wiki/Create_(TV_network)" title="Create (TV network)">Create</a> </p><p>21.4 <a href="/wiki/World_Channel" title="World Channel">World Channel</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KOZL-TV" title="KOZL-TV">KOZL</a> </td> <td>27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a> </td> <td>27.2 <a href="/wiki/Court_TV_Mystery" class="mw-redirect" title="Court TV Mystery">Court TV Mystery</a> <p>27.3 <a href="/wiki/Bounce_TV" title="Bounce TV">Bounce TV</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KSPR-LD" title="KSPR-LD">KSPR</a> </td> <td>33 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> </td> <td>33.2 <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a> <p>33.3 <a href="/wiki/Antenna_TV" title="Antenna TV">Antenna TV</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KRBK" title="KRBK">KRBK</a> </td> <td>49 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> </td> <td>49.2 <a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a> <p>49.3 <a href="/wiki/Movies!" title="Movies!">Movies!</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:20%; vertical-align:top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KGBX" class="mw-redirect" title="KGBX">KGBX-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KADI-FM" title="KADI-FM">KADI-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KKLH" title="KKLH">KKLH-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOMG" title="KOMG">KOMG-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOSP" title="KOSP">KOSP-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KQRA" title="KQRA">KQRA-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSCV_(FM)" class="mw-redirect" title="KSCV (FM)">KSCV-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSGF-FM" title="KSGF-FM">KSGF-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSMU" title="KSMU">KSMU-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSPW" title="KSPW">KSPW-FM</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:20%; vertical-align:top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KTOZ" class="mw-redirect" title="KTOZ">KTOZ-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTTS-FM" title="KTTS-FM">KTTS-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTXR" title="KTXR">KTXR-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWFC" title="KWFC">KWFC-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWND" title="KWND">KWND-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWTO-FM" title="KWTO-FM">KWTO-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KXUS" title="KXUS">KXUS-FM</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:20%; vertical-align:top;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KWTO_(AM)" title="KWTO (AM)">KWTO (AM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBNN" title="KBNN">KBNN-AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSWM" title="KSWM">KSWM-AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBFL_(AM)" title="KBFL (AM)">KBFL-AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSGF_(AM)" title="KSGF (AM)">KSGF-AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KICK_(AM)" title="KICK (AM)">KICK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGMY" title="KGMY">KGMY-AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMRF" title="KMRF">KMRF-AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRZD" title="KRZD">KRZD</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Film and television has been in Springfield since the 1950s. Several films, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Winning_Team" title="The Winning Team">The Winning Team</a></i> (1952) starring <a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lovejoy" title="Frank Lovejoy">Frank Lovejoy</a> and future <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, held their premieres in Springfield at the <a href="/wiki/Gillioz_Theatre" title="Gillioz Theatre">Gillioz Theatre</a> downtown. It was attended by Ronald and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a>, and President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springfield hosted the country music television show <i><a href="/wiki/Ozark_Jubilee" title="Ozark Jubilee">Ozark Jubilee</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2007, Springfield was one of more than a dozen other Springfields in the country vying to host the premiere of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons_Movie" title="The Simpsons Movie">The Simpsons Movie</a></i> through an online video competition voted on by readers of <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. The premiere was ultimately hosted in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Vermont" title="Springfield, Vermont">Springfield, Vermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Springfield hosts the SATO 48 film contest (Springfield And The Ozarks 48-Hour Film Challenge) every spring in which filmmakers have 48 hours to make a film running five minutes or less.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2018, a new film festival, Rated SGF, began in Springfield. The event is hosted by the Film and Media Association of Springfield and the Downtown Springfield Association.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Springfield,_Missouri" title="List of people from Springfield, Missouri">List of people from Springfield, Missouri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Springfield Sister Cities<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>City </th> <th>Subdivision </th> <th>Country </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tlaquepaque" title="Tlaquepaque">Tlaquepaque</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isesaki" title="Isesaki">Isesaki</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gunma_Prefecture" title="Gunma Prefecture">Gunma Prefecture</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Dee_Dee_Blanchard" title="Murder of Dee Dee Blanchard">Murder of Dee Dee Blanchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Springfield,_Missouri" title="List of mayors of Springfield, Missouri">List of mayors of Springfield, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Three" title="Springfield Three">Springfield Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Town_(miniature_park)" title="Tiny Town (miniature park)">Tiny Town</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official records for Springfield were kept at downtown from January 1888 to December 1939, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Airport_(Missouri)" title="Downtown Airport (Missouri)">Downtown Airport</a> from January 1940 to July 1940, and at Springfield–Branson National Airport since August 1940. For more information, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org">ThreadEx</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gnis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/735864">"Springfield"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Springfield&rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F735864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TigerWebMapServer_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer">"ArcGIS REST Services Directory"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ArcGIS+REST+Services+Directory&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftigerweb.geo.census.gov%2Farcgis%2Frest%2Fservices%2FTIGERweb%2FPlaces_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD%2FMapServer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urban_area-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urban_area_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau2022" class="citation web cs1">United States Census Bureau (December 29, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/29/2022-28286/2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications">"2020 Census Qualifying Urban Areas and Final Criteria Clarifications"</a>. <i>Federal Register</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register&rft.atitle=2020+Census+Qualifying+Urban+Areas+and+Final+Criteria+Clarifications&rft.date=2022-12-29&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalregister.gov%2Fdocuments%2F2022%2F12%2F29%2F2022-28286%2F2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR6-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR6_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">"Find a County"</a>. National Association of Counties<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+a+County&rft.pub=National+Association+of+Counties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naco.org%2FCounties%2FPages%2FFindACounty.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US2970000">"Explore Census Data"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=Explore+Census+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Fprofile%3Fg%3D1600000US2970000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/dallascountymissouri,polkcountymissouri,webstercountymissouri,christiancountymissouri,greenecountymissouri/PST045221">"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Dallas County, Missouri; Polk County, Missouri; Webster County, Missouri; Christian County, Missouri; Greene County, Missouri"</a>. <i>www.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.census.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts%3A+Dallas+County%2C+Missouri%3B+Polk+County%2C+Missouri%3B+Webster+County%2C+Missouri%3B+Christian+County%2C+Missouri%3B+Greene+County%2C+Missouri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fdallascountymissouri%2Cpolkcountymissouri%2Cwebstercountymissouri%2Cchristiancountymissouri%2Cgreenecountymissouri%2FPST045221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OMB_18-04-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OMB_18-04_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Bulletin-18-04.pdf">"OMB Bulletin No. 18-04: Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Management_and_Budget" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Office of Management and Budget">United States Office of Management and Budget</a>. September 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OMB+Bulletin+No.+18-04%3A+Update+of+Statistical+Area+Definitions+and+Guidance+on+Their+Uses&rft.pub=United+States+Office+of+Management+and+Budget&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F09%2FBulletin-18-04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfieldmo.org/final/newsite/ttd_page_history.asp">Springfield sits at the crossroads of history!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20061002222224/http://www.springfieldmo.org/final/newsite/ttd_page_history.asp">Archived</a> October 2, 2006, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, Springfield, Missouri, Convention & Visitors Bureau. Accessed June 13, 2007. "Officially recognized as the birthplace of Route 66, it was in Springfield on April 30, 1926, that officials first proposed the name of the new Chicago-to-Los Angeles highway."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillings2007" class="citation web cs1">Billings, Hank (June 4, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150607110737/http://www.news-leader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20070604%2FCOLUMNISTS02%2F706040389%2F1072%2FNEWS01">"Historian puts date on origin of 'Queen City"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Springfield_News-Leader" title="Springfield News-Leader">Springfield News-Leader</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news-leader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070604/COLUMNISTS02/706040389/1072/NEWS01">the original</a> on June 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Springfield+News-Leader&rft.atitle=Historian+puts+date+on+origin+of+%27Queen+City&rft.date=2007-06-04&rft.aulast=Billings&rft.aufirst=Hank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news-leader.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20070604%2FCOLUMNISTS02%2F706040389%2F1072%2FNEWS01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span> "Does Springfield's title as Queen City of the Ozarks go back to 1876?"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunnWebsterArcher2011" class="citation journal cs1">Brunn, Stanley D.; Webster, Gerald R.; Archer, J. Clark (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26228980">"The Bible Belt in a Changing South"</a>. <i>Southeastern Geographer</i>. <b>51</b> (4): 513–549. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsgo.2011.0040">10.1353/sgo.2011.0040</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26228980">26228980</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129626842">129626842</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeastern+Geographer&rft.atitle=The+Bible+Belt+in+a+Changing+South&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=513-549&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129626842%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26228980%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsgo.2011.0040&rft.aulast=Brunn&rft.aufirst=Stanley+D.&rft.au=Webster%2C+Gerald+R.&rft.au=Archer%2C+J.+Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26228980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmbree" class="citation web cs1">Embree, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdm17307.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/api/collection/p17307coll1/id/1824/download">"The Ozarks: Buckle of the Bible Belt or Haven for Religious Diversity"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ozarks%3A+Buckle+of+the+Bible+Belt+or+Haven+for+Religious+Diversity&rft.aulast=Embree&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdm17307.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fdigital%2Fapi%2Fcollection%2Fp17307coll1%2Fid%2F1824%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaskas2017" class="citation web cs1">Baskas, Harriet (September 30, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/30/bass-pro-shops-just-opened-a-mega-wildlife-attraction-and-cnbc-got-a-look-inside.html">"Bass Pro Shops just opened a mega wildlife attraction, and CNBC got a look inside"</a>. <i>CNBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Bass+Pro+Shops+just+opened+a+mega+wildlife+attraction%2C+and+CNBC+got+a+look+inside&rft.date=2017-09-30&rft.aulast=Baskas&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2017%2F09%2F30%2Fbass-pro-shops-just-opened-a-mega-wildlife-attraction-and-cnbc-got-a-look-inside.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSammuli2017" class="citation web cs1">Sammuli, Allex (September 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stlmag.com/api/content/773a3552-9ca5-11e7-9127-121bebc5777e/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"World's largest wildlife attraction" opens in Springfield, Missouri"</a>. <i>St. Louis Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Louis+Magazine&rft.atitle=%22World%27s+largest+wildlife+attraction%22+opens+in+Springfield%2C+Missouri&rft.date=2017-09-19&rft.aulast=Sammuli&rft.aufirst=Allex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stlmag.com%2Fapi%2Fcontent%2F773a3552-9ca5-11e7-9127-121bebc5777e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/state/mo/index.htm">"Missouri (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. United States National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Missouri+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft.pub=United+States+National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fstate%2Fmo%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/springfieldcitymissouri/RHI125222#RHI125222">"Quick Facts: Springfield, Missouri"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quick+Facts%3A+Springfield%2C+Missouri&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fspringfieldcitymissouri%2FRHI125222%23RHI125222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSBJ_Staff2020" class="citation news cs1">SBJ Staff (February 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sbj.net/stories/springfield-ranks-poorly-on-list-of-diverse-cities,67614">"Springfield ranks poorly on list of diverse cities"</a>. <i>Springfield Business Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Springfield+Regional+Economic+Partnership&rft.atitle=Schools+%26+Universities&rft.aulast=Partnership+%28SREP%29&rft.aufirst=Springfield+Regional+Economic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springfieldregion.com%2Fdata%2Fschools-and-universities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouripartnership.com/missouri-regions-sites/regions/the-springfield-region/">"The Springfield Region"</a>. Missouri Partnership<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thelibrary.springfield.missouri.org&rft.atitle=History+of+Greene+County%2C+Missouri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthelibrary.springfield.missouri.org%2Flochist%2Fhistory%2Fholcombe%2Fgrch29pt1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~gcmohs/2nd_level/brief_history.html">"A brief history of Greene County, Missouri"</a>. <i>www.rootsweb.ancestry.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rootsweb.ancestry.com&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+Greene+County%2C+Missouri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rootsweb.ancestry.com%2F~gcmohs%2F2nd_level%2Fbrief_history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greenecountymo.gov/archives/ha1876/table.php">County of Greene Historical Archives: 1876 Illustrated Historical Atlas Of Greene County, Missouri.</a> Accessed August 20, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.rootsweb.com/~gcmohs/3rd_level/township_03.htm">Greene County Historical Society: Campbell Township</a>, accessed August 20, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelibrary.org/lochist/history/holcombe/toc.html">"History of Greene County, Missouri"</a>. <i>thelibrary.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thelibrary.org&rft.atitle=History+of+Greene+County%2C+Missouri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelibrary.org%2Flochist%2Fhistory%2Fholcombe%2Ftoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreative" class="citation web cs1">Creative, Demi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ozarkgreenways.org/explore/greenway-trails/trail-of-tears/">"Greenway Trails | Ozark Greenways"</a>. <i>ozarkgreenways.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ozarkgreenways.org&rft.atitle=Greenway+Trails+%7C+Ozark+Greenways&rft.aulast=Creative&rft.aufirst=Demi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fozarkgreenways.org%2Fexplore%2Fgreenway-trails%2Ftrail-of-tears%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springfieldmo.org/springfield-history">"Springfield History - Springfield Missouri Travel & Tourism - Ozarks/Midwest Vacations"</a>. <i>www.springfieldmo.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.springfieldmo.org&rft.atitle=Springfield+History+-+Springfield+Missouri+Travel+%26+Tourism+-+Ozarks%2FMidwest+Vacations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springfieldmo.org%2Fspringfield-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelibrary.org/lochist/historicalsites/17.cfm">"Zagonyi's Charge"</a>. <i>thelibrary.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thelibrary.org&rft.atitle=Zagonyi%27s+Charge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelibrary.org%2Flochist%2Fhistoricalsites%2F17.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thelibrary.org/lochist/history/holcombe/grch30pt1.html">"History of Greene County, Missouri"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Greene+County%2C+Missouri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthelibrary.org%2Flochist%2Fhistory%2Fholcombe%2Fgrch30pt1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aamuseum-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aamuseum_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aamuseum_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aamuseum_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oaahm.omeka.net/exhibits/show/exodus/ozarksraceriots/springfield">"Ozarks Afro-American History Museum Online | Springfield: April 14, 1906 · Lynchings and Exodus"</a>. <i>oaahm.omeka.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfieldmo.gov/nco/pdfs/svcareas/nsa09.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springfieldmo.gov%2Fnco%2Fpdfs%2Fsvcareas%2Fnsa09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coxhealth.com/body.cfm?id=813">"Our Community"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts%3A+Springfield+city%2C+Missouri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fspringfieldcitymissouri%2FIPE120218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurger2023" class="citation web cs1">Burger, Rance (January 9, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sgfcitizen.org/economy-growth/less-drag-to-your-drive-six-lanes-millions-of-dollars-and-a-big-vision-for-james-river-freeway/">"Six lanes, millions of dollars and big vision for James River Freeway"</a>. <i>Springfield Daily Citizen</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.coxhealth.com&rft.atitle=2017+a+record-setting+year+for+Children%27s+Miracle+Network+Hospitals+at+CoxHealth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coxhealth.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2017-record-setting-year-childrens-miracle-network-hospitals-coxhealth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/mo/mercy-hospital-springfield-6631350">"Mercy Hospital Springfield"</a>. <i>US News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+News&rft.atitle=Mercy+Hospital+Springfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhealth.usnews.com%2Fbest-hospitals%2Farea%2Fmo%2Fmercy-hospital-springfield-6631350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.curetoday.com/articles/brad-pitt-and-siblings-donate-1-million-for-pediatric-cancer-center-in-honor-of-mom">"Brad Pitt and siblings donate $1 million for pediatric cancer center in honor of mom"</a>. <i>Cure Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cure+Today&rft.atitle=Brad+Pitt+and+siblings+donate+%241+million+for+pediatric+cancer+center+in+honor+of+mom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.curetoday.com%2Farticles%2Fbrad-pitt-and-siblings-donate-1-million-for-pediatric-cancer-center-in-honor-of-mom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/spg/index.jsp">MCPF Springfield</a>." <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Prisons" title="Federal Bureau of Prisons">Federal Bureau of Prisons</a>. Retrieved on May 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/corporate/us/en/public%20factsheets/tv/2018-19-dma-ranker.pdf">"Media markets"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Media+markets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nielsen.com%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fcorporate%2Fus%2Fen%2Fpublic%2520factsheets%2Ftv%2F2018-19-dma-ranker.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414082432/https://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/corporate/us/en/public%2520factsheets/tv/2017-18%2520TV%2520DMA%2520Ranks.pdf">"Neilsen Local Television Market Universe Estimates 2017-2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Neilsen</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Neilsen&rft.atitle=Neilsen+Local+Television+Market+Universe+Estimates+2017-2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nielsen.com%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fcorporate%2Fus%2Fen%2Fpublic%2520factsheets%2Ftv%2F2017-18%2520TV%2520DMA%2520Ranks.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news-leader.com/story/news/local/ozarks/2015/06/07/ozarks-history-truman-reagan-town-debut-film/28660535/">"Ozarks history: Truman, Reagan in town for debut of film"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Springfield_News-Leader" title="Springfield News-Leader">Springfield News-Leader</a></i>. June 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Springfield+News-Leader&rft.atitle=Ozarks+history%3A+Truman%2C+Reagan+in+town+for+debut+of+film&rft.date=2015-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news-leader.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fozarks%2F2015%2F06%2F07%2Fozarks-history-truman-reagan-town-debut-film%2F28660535%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMARCUS_KABEL" class="citation web cs1">MARCUS KABEL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/state_news/springfield-competes-to-host-simpsons-movie-premiere/article_8a58970b-2ea5-5a44-82e1-0c40b2fa19d5.html">"Springfield competes to host 'Simpsons' movie premiere"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Missourian" title="Columbia Missourian">Columbia Missourian</a></i>. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Missourian&rft.atitle=Springfield+competes+to+host+%27Simpsons%27+movie+premiere&rft.au=MARCUS+KABEL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbiamissourian.com%2Fnews%2Fstate_news%2Fspringfield-competes-to-host-simpsons-movie-premiere%2Farticle_8a58970b-2ea5-5a44-82e1-0c40b2fa19d5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandis" class="citation web cs1">Landis, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ky3.com/content/news/New-film-festival-to-premiere-in-downtown-Springfield-in-March-471358814.html">"New film festival to premiere in downtown Springfield"</a>. <i>www.ky3.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ky3.com&rft.atitle=New+film+festival+to+premiere+in+downtown+Springfield&rft.aulast=Landis&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ky3.com%2Fcontent%2Fnews%2FNew-film-festival-to-premiere-in-downtown-Springfield-in-March-471358814.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwebsite" class="citation web cs1">website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peacethroughpeople.org/">"Springfield Sister Cities Association"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Springfield+Sister+Cities+Association&rft.au=website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeacethroughpeople.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpringfield%2C+Missouri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fischer, Cheryl. "Desperately Seeking Justice: Women of Color in Springfield, Missouri, and Their Quest for Civil and Human Rights." in <i>Resisting Racism and Xenophobia: Global Perspectives on Race, Gender, and Human Rights</i> (2005): 77+ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-mHGl5HnEBIC&dq=Springfield+Missouri+history&pg=PA77">online</a>.</li> <li>McIntyre, Stephen L., ed. <i>Springfield's Urban Histories: Essays on the Queen City of the Missouri Ozarks</i> (Springfield: Moon City Press, 2012) 352 pp.</li> <li>Nelson, Lynn R., and Frederick D. Drake. "The Eclipse of Progressive, Democratic Education in the United States: A Case Study of Springfield, Missouri Schools, 1924-1952." (ERIC, 1998) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED461587.pdf">online</a>.</li> <li>Piehl, Charles K. "The Race of Improvement: Springfield Society, 1865-1881." <i>Missouri Historical Review</i> 67 (July 1973): 484-521 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.shsmo.org/cdm/ref/collection/mhr/id/34637?_gl=1*ysmzj7*_ga*MTkyNjAzOTc5My4xNjk4NDYxMDM0*_ga_B5NXL6MKLP*MTY5ODY1MTgyMC40LjEuMTY5ODY1MTg5My4wLjAuMA..">online</a></li> <li>Stewart, Byron. "Springfield and Greene County, Missouri Census Information, 1836-2010." (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1128&context=articles-lib">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Personal Reminiscences and Fragments of the Early History of Springfield and Greene County, Missouri: Related by Pioneers and Their Descendants at Old Settlers' Dinners Given at the Home of Capt. Martin J. Hubble, March 31, 1907, 1908, 1908, 1910, 1911</i> (Inland Printing Company, 1914) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Oz_Lc4fiLkC&dq=Springfield+Missouri+history&pg=PA1">online</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield,_Missouri&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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Bureau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springfieldchamber.com/">Springfield Area Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itsalldowntown.com/">Downtown Springfield</a></li> <li>Historic maps of Springfield in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.mospace.umsystem.edu/mu/islandora/object/mu%3A138973">Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Template:Christian County, Missouri"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Template talk:Christian County, Missouri"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian County, Missouri"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Christian_County,_Missouri,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Christian County, Missouri"><span class="region">Christian County, Missouri</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Ozark,_Missouri" title="Ozark, Missouri"><span>Ozark</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City_(Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (Missouri)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billings,_Missouri" title="Billings, Missouri">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clever,_Missouri" title="Clever, Missouri">Clever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_Hills,_Missouri" title="Fremont Hills, Missouri">Fremont Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlandville,_Missouri" title="Highlandville, Missouri">Highlandville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixa,_Missouri" title="Nixa, Missouri">Nixa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark,_Missouri" title="Ozark, Missouri">Ozark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic,_Missouri" title="Republic, Missouri">Republic</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta,_Missouri" title="Sparta, Missouri">Sparta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springfield</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Missouri highlighting Christian County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Christian_County.svg/100px-Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Christian_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Christian_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Christian_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Christian_County.svg/200px-Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Christian_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1291" data-file-height="1136" /></span><figcaption>Map of Missouri highlighting Christian County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Village_(Missouri)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village (Missouri)">Village</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saddlebrooke,_Missouri" title="Saddlebrooke, Missouri">Saddlebrooke</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruner_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruner Township, Christian County, Missouri (page does not exist)">Bruner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwick_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Chadwick Township, Christian County, Missouri">Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Benton_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Benton Township, Christian County, Missouri (page does not exist)">East Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finley_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finley Township, Christian County, Missouri (page does not exist)">Finley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Garrison Township, Christian County, Missouri">Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_Hill_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Lead Hill Township, Christian County, Missouri">Lead Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Lincoln Township, Christian County, Missouri">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Linden Township, Christian County, Missouri">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCracken_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="McCracken Township, Christian County, Missouri">McCracken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Galloway_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="North Galloway Township, Christian County, Missouri">North Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Linn_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="North Linn Township, Christian County, Missouri">North Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oldfield_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oldfield Township, Christian County, Missouri (page does not exist)">Oldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polk_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Polk Township, Christian County, Missouri">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Porter Township, Christian County, Missouri">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seneca_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seneca Township, Christian County, Missouri (page does not exist)">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Galloway_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="South Galloway Township, Christian County, Missouri">South Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Linn_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="South Linn Township, Christian County, Missouri">South Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sparta Township, Christian County, Missouri (page does not exist)">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Benton_Township,_Christian_County,_Missouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Benton Township, Christian County, Missouri (page does not exist)">West Benton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Missouri" title="Spokane, Missouri">Spokane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal,_Missouri" title="Bengal, Missouri">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz,_Missouri" title="Boaz, Missouri">Boaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruner,_Missouri" title="Bruner, Missouri">Bruner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwick,_Missouri" title="Chadwick, Missouri">Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnutridge,_Missouri" title="Chestnutridge, Missouri">Chestnutridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Center,_Missouri" title="Christian Center, Missouri">Christian Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhead,_Missouri" title="Elkhead, Missouri">Elkhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrison,_Missouri" title="Garrison, Missouri">Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffin,_Missouri" title="Griffin, Missouri">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keltner,_Missouri" title="Keltner, Missouri">Keltner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Linden, Christian County, Missouri">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCracken,_Missouri" title="McCracken, Missouri">McCracken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague,_Missouri" title="Montague, Missouri">Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldfield,_Missouri" title="Oldfield, Missouri">Oldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembina,_Missouri" title="Pembina, Missouri">Pembina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverdale,_Missouri" title="Riverdale, Missouri">Riverdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selmore,_Missouri" title="Selmore, Missouri">Selmore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eaudevie,_Missouri" title="Eaudevie, Missouri">Eaudevie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawing,_Missouri" title="Lawing, Missouri">Lawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velsor,_Missouri" title="Velsor, Missouri">Velsor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Missouri_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Missouri (state)"><span>Missouri portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Greene_County,_Missouri,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Template:Greene County, Missouri"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Template talk:Greene County, Missouri"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greene County, Missouri"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Greene_County,_Missouri,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Greene County, Missouri"><span class="region">Greene County, Missouri</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span>Springfield</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Grove,_Missouri" title="Ash Grove, Missouri">Ash Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlefield,_Missouri" title="Battlefield, Missouri">Battlefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Grove,_Missouri" title="Fair Grove, Missouri">Fair Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic,_Missouri" title="Republic, Missouri">Republic</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogersville,_Missouri" title="Rogersville, Missouri">Rogersville</a>‡</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springfield</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strafford,_Missouri" title="Strafford, Missouri">Strafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Grove,_Missouri" title="Walnut Grove, Missouri">Walnut Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard,_Missouri" title="Willard, Missouri">Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of Missouri highlighting Greene County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Greene_County.svg/75px-Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Greene_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Greene_County.svg/113px-Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Greene_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Greene_County.svg/150px-Map_of_Missouri_highlighting_Greene_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1291" data-file-height="1136" /></span><figcaption>Map of Missouri highlighting Greene County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brookline_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Brookline Township, Greene County, Missouri">Brookline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Cass Township, Greene County, Missouri">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Clay Township, Greene County, Missouri">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Republic_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri" title="East Republic Township, Greene County, Missouri">East Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Murray Township, Greene County, Missouri">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pond_Creek_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Pond Creek Township, Greene County, Missouri">Pond Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springfield_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springfield Township, Greene County, Missouri (page does not exist)">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taylor_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taylor Township, Greene County, Missouri (page does not exist)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Grove_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Walnut Grove Township, Greene County, Missouri">Walnut Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Washington Township, Greene County, Missouri">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Republic_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri" title="West Republic Township, Greene County, Missouri">West Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Township,_Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Wilson Township, Greene County, Missouri">Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bois_D%27Arc,_Missouri" title="Bois D'Arc, Missouri">Bois D'Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Spring,_Missouri" title="Cave Spring, Missouri">Cave Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cody,_Missouri" title="Cody, Missouri">Cody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer,_Missouri" title="Ebenezer, Missouri">Ebenezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elwood,_Missouri" title="Elwood, Missouri">Elwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloway,_Springfield,_Missouri" title="Galloway, Springfield, Missouri">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glidewell,_Missouri" title="Glidewell, Missouri">Glidewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney,_Missouri" title="Hackney, Missouri">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold,_Missouri" title="Harold, Missouri">Harold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haseltine,_Missouri" title="Haseltine, Missouri">Haseltine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Barren,_Missouri" title="Hickory Barren, Missouri">Hickory Barren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan,_Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Logan, Greene County, Missouri">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentor,_Missouri" title="Mentor, Missouri">Mentor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumford,_Missouri" title="Mumford, Missouri">Mumford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Grove_Heights,_Missouri" title="Oak Grove Heights, Missouri">Oak Grove Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmetto,_Missouri" title="Palmetto, Missouri">Palmetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl,_Missouri" title="Pearl, Missouri">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenix,_Missouri" title="Phenix, Missouri">Phenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Missouri" title="Plano, Missouri">Plano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turners,_Missouri" title="Turners, Missouri">Turners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Former settlement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nogo,_Missouri" title="Nogo, Missouri">Nogo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Missouri_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Missouri (state)"><span>Missouri portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_in_Missouri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Missouri_county_seats" title="Template:Missouri county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Missouri_county_seats" title="Template talk:Missouri county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Missouri_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Missouri county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_in_Missouri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">County seats in <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_Missouri" title="Albany, Missouri">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton,_Missouri" title="Alton, Missouri">Alton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ava,_Missouri" title="Ava, Missouri">Ava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton,_Missouri" title="Benton, Missouri">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany,_Missouri" title="Bethany, Missouri">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield,_Missouri" title="Bloomfield, Missouri">Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivar,_Missouri" title="Bolivar, Missouri">Bolivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boonville,_Missouri" title="Boonville, Missouri">Boonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Missouri" title="Bowling Green, Missouri">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_Missouri" title="Buffalo, Missouri">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler,_Missouri" title="Butler, Missouri">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California,_Missouri" title="California, Missouri">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camdenton,_Missouri" title="Camdenton, Missouri">Camdenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Missouri" title="Carrollton, Missouri">Carrollton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthage,_Missouri" title="Carthage, Missouri">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caruthersville,_Missouri" title="Caruthersville, Missouri">Caruthersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassville,_Missouri" title="Cassville, Missouri">Cassville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerville,_Missouri" title="Centerville, Missouri">Centerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston,_Missouri" title="Charleston, Missouri">Charleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chillicothe,_Missouri" title="Chillicothe, Missouri">Chillicothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton,_Missouri" title="Clayton, Missouri">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Missouri" title="Clinton, Missouri">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doniphan,_Missouri" title="Doniphan, Missouri">Doniphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edina,_Missouri" title="Edina, Missouri">Edina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eminence,_Missouri" title="Eminence, Missouri">Eminence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington,_Missouri" title="Farmington, Missouri">Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette,_Missouri" title="Fayette, Missouri">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth,_Missouri" title="Forsyth, Missouri">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredericktown,_Missouri" title="Fredericktown, Missouri">Fredericktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton,_Missouri" title="Fulton, Missouri">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainesville,_Missouri" title="Gainesville, Missouri">Gainesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galena,_Missouri" title="Galena, Missouri">Galena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallatin,_Missouri" title="Gallatin, Missouri">Gallatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_City,_Missouri" title="Grant City, Missouri">Grant City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Missouri" title="Greenfield, Missouri">Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Missouri" title="Greenville, Missouri">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisonville,_Missouri" title="Harrisonville, Missouri">Harrisonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartville,_Missouri" title="Hartville, Missouri">Hartville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann,_Missouri" title="Hermann, Missouri">Hermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermitage,_Missouri" title="Hermitage, Missouri">Hermitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Missouri" title="Hillsboro, Missouri">Hillsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Missouri" title="Houston, Missouri">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Missouri" title="Huntsville, Missouri">Huntsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironton,_Missouri" title="Ironton, Missouri">Ironton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Missouri" title="Jackson, Missouri">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahoka,_Missouri" title="Kahoka, Missouri">Kahoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennett,_Missouri" title="Kennett, Missouri">Kennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keytesville,_Missouri" title="Keytesville, Missouri">Keytesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Missouri" title="Kingston, Missouri">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirksville,_Missouri" title="Kirksville, Missouri">Kirksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar,_Missouri" title="Lamar, Missouri">Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Missouri" title="Lancaster, Missouri">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Missouri" title="Lebanon, Missouri">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Missouri" title="Lexington, Missouri">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Missouri" title="Liberty, Missouri">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn,_Missouri" title="Linn, Missouri">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linneus,_Missouri" title="Linneus, Missouri">Linneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon,_Missouri" title="Macon, Missouri">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Hill,_Missouri" title="Marble Hill, Missouri">Marble Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall,_Missouri" title="Marshall, Missouri">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshfield,_Missouri" title="Marshfield, Missouri">Marshfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryville,_Missouri" title="Maryville, Missouri">Maryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maysville,_Missouri" title="Maysville, Missouri">Maysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Missouri" title="Memphis, Missouri">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico,_Missouri" title="Mexico, Missouri">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan,_Missouri" title="Milan, Missouri">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_City,_Missouri" title="Montgomery City, Missouri">Montgomery City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monticello,_Missouri" title="Monticello, Missouri">Monticello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Missouri" title="Mount Vernon, Missouri">Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosho,_Missouri" title="Neosho, Missouri">Neosho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada,_Missouri" title="Nevada, Missouri">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_London,_Missouri" title="New London, Missouri">New London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Madrid,_Missouri" title="New Madrid, Missouri">New Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon,_Missouri" title="Oregon, Missouri">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osceola,_Missouri" title="Osceola, Missouri">Osceola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark,_Missouri" title="Ozark, Missouri">Ozark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra,_Missouri" title="Palmyra, Missouri">Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris,_Missouri" title="Paris, Missouri">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perryville,_Missouri" title="Perryville, Missouri">Perryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pineville,_Missouri" title="Pineville, Missouri">Pineville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platte_City,_Missouri" title="Platte City, Missouri">Platte City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plattsburg,_Missouri" title="Plattsburg, Missouri">Plattsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_Bluff,_Missouri" title="Poplar Bluff, Missouri">Poplar Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potosi,_Missouri" title="Potosi, Missouri">Potosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton,_Missouri" title="Princeton, Missouri">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Missouri" title="Richmond, Missouri">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Port,_Missouri" title="Rock Port, Missouri">Rock Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolla,_Missouri" title="Rolla, Missouri">Rolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Missouri" title="St. Charles, Missouri">St. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Missouri" title="St. Joseph, Missouri">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Missouri" title="Salem, Missouri">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Missouri" title="Savannah, Missouri">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedalia,_Missouri" title="Sedalia, Missouri">Sedalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelbyville,_Missouri" title="Shelbyville, Missouri">Shelbyville</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ste._Genevieve,_Missouri" title="Ste. Genevieve, Missouri">Ste. Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelville,_Missouri" title="Steelville, Missouri">Steelville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_Missouri" title="Stockton, Missouri">Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_Missouri" title="Trenton, Missouri">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Missouri" title="Troy, Missouri">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscumbia,_Missouri" title="Tuscumbia, Missouri">Tuscumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union,_Missouri" title="Union, Missouri">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionville,_Missouri" title="Unionville, Missouri">Unionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Buren,_Missouri" title="Van Buren, Missouri">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Missouri" title="Versailles, Missouri">Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna,_Missouri" title="Vienna, Missouri">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrensburg,_Missouri" title="Warrensburg, Missouri">Warrensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrenton,_Missouri" title="Warrenton, Missouri">Warrenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw,_Missouri" title="Warsaw, Missouri">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waynesville,_Missouri" title="Waynesville, Missouri">Waynesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Plains,_Missouri" title="West Plains, Missouri">West Plains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Missouri" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Missouri" title="Template:Missouri"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Missouri" title="Template talk:Missouri"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Missouri" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Missouri"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Missouri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Missouri" title="Outline of Missouri">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Missouri-related_articles" title="Index of Missouri-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Missouri" title="Climate change in Missouri">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Missouri" title="Geography of Missouri">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Missouri" title="Government of Missouri">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Missouri" title="United States congressional delegations from Missouri">Delegations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Missouri" title="History of Missouri">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_fought_in_Missouri" title="List of battles fought in Missouri">Battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_in_the_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri in the Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Missouri" title="List of people from Missouri">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Missouri_state_symbols" title="List of Missouri state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Missouri" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Missouri">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri#Transportation" title="Missouri">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Missouri" title="Abortion in Missouri">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Missouri">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Missouri" title="Crime in Missouri">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Missouri">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Missouri">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Missouri" title="Education in Missouri">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Missouri" title="Gun laws in Missouri">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Missouri">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Missouri" title="Political party strength in Missouri">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Missouri" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boonslick" title="Boonslick">Boonslick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Bootheel" title="Missouri Bootheel">Bootheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_State_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Four State Area">Four State Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_War" title="Honey War">Honey Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Missouri_Lead_District" title="Southeast Missouri Lead District">Lead Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Hills" title="Lincoln Hills">Lincoln Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Dixie_(Missouri)" title="Little Dixie (Missouri)">Little Dixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loess_Hills" title="Loess Hills">Loess Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Missouri" title="Mid-Missouri">Mid-Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_embayment" title="Mississippi embayment">Mississippi Embayment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Rhineland" title="Missouri Rhineland">Missouri Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissected_Till_Plains" title="Dissected Till Plains">Northern Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Plains" title="Osage Plains">Osage Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ozarks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ozarks">The Ozarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platte_Purchase" title="Platte Purchase">Platte Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Express_Region" title="Pony Express Region">Pony Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Francois_Mountains" title="St. Francois Mountains">St. Francois Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_metropolitan_area_(Missouri)" title="Columbia metropolitan area (Missouri)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson City, Missouri metropolitan area">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joplin,_Missouri_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Joplin, Missouri metropolitan area">Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_metropolitan_area" title="Kansas City metropolitan area">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Missouri_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield, Missouri metropolitan area">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Missouri_metropolitan_area" title="St. Joseph, Missouri metropolitan area">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Missouri" title="List of cities in Missouri">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Missouri" title="Columbia, Missouri">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee%27s_Summit,_Missouri" title="Lee's Summit, Missouri">Lee's Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Fallon,_Missouri" title="O'Fallon, Missouri">O'Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Missouri" title="St. Charles, Missouri">St. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Missouri" title="St. Joseph, Missouri">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Springs,_Missouri" title="Blue Springs, Missouri">Blue Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peters,_Missouri" title="St. Peters, Missouri">St. Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joplin,_Missouri" title="Joplin, Missouri">Joplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florissant,_Missouri" title="Florissant, Missouri">Florissant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_Missouri" title="Chesterfield, Missouri">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wentzville,_Missouri" title="Wentzville, Missouri">Wentzville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Girardeau,_Missouri" title="Cape Girardeau, Missouri">Cape Girardeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildwood,_Missouri" title="Wildwood, Missouri">Wildwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_City,_Missouri" title="University City, Missouri">University City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Missouri" title="Liberty, Missouri">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballwin,_Missouri" title="Ballwin, Missouri">Ballwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood,_Missouri" title="Kirkwood, Missouri">Kirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raytown,_Missouri" title="Raytown, Missouri">Raytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Heights,_Missouri" title="Maryland Heights, Missouri">Maryland Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone,_Missouri" title="Gladstone, Missouri">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belton,_Missouri" title="Belton, Missouri">Belton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandview,_Missouri" title="Grandview, Missouri">Grandview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixa,_Missouri" title="Nixa, Missouri">Nixa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymore,_Missouri" title="Raymore, Missouri">Raymore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Missouri" title="List of counties in Missouri">Counties and <br /> independent city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adair_County,_Missouri" title="Adair County, Missouri">Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_County,_Missouri" title="Andrew County, Missouri">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atchison_County,_Missouri" title="Atchison County, Missouri">Atchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrain_County,_Missouri" title="Audrain County, Missouri">Audrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_County,_Missouri" title="Barry County, Missouri">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_County,_Missouri" title="Barton County, Missouri">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_County,_Missouri" title="Bates County, Missouri">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_County,_Missouri" title="Benton County, Missouri">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollinger_County,_Missouri" title="Bollinger County, Missouri">Bollinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boone_County,_Missouri" title="Boone County, Missouri">Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_County,_Missouri" title="Buchanan County, Missouri">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_County,_Missouri" title="Butler County, Missouri">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_County,_Missouri" title="Caldwell County, Missouri">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callaway_County,_Missouri" title="Callaway County, Missouri">Callaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_County,_Missouri" title="Camden County, Missouri">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Girardeau_County,_Missouri" title="Cape Girardeau County, Missouri">Cape Girardeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Missouri" title="Carroll County, Missouri">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_County,_Missouri" title="Carter County, Missouri">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_County,_Missouri" title="Cass County, Missouri">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_County,_Missouri" title="Cedar County, Missouri">Cedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_County,_Missouri" title="Chariton County, Missouri">Chariton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_County,_Missouri" title="Christian County, Missouri">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Missouri" title="Clark County, Missouri">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Missouri" title="Clay County, Missouri">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Missouri" title="Clinton County, Missouri">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cole_County,_Missouri" title="Cole County, Missouri">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_County,_Missouri" title="Cooper County, Missouri">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Missouri" title="Crawford County, Missouri">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dade_County,_Missouri" title="Dade County, Missouri">Dade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_County,_Missouri" title="Dallas County, Missouri">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daviess_County,_Missouri" title="Daviess County, Missouri">Daviess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_County,_Missouri" title="DeKalb County, Missouri">DeKalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dent_County,_Missouri" title="Dent County, Missouri">Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Missouri" title="Douglas County, Missouri">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunklin_County,_Missouri" title="Dunklin County, Missouri">Dunklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Missouri" title="Franklin County, Missouri">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasconade_County,_Missouri" title="Gasconade County, Missouri">Gasconade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentry_County,_Missouri" title="Gentry County, Missouri">Gentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_Missouri" title="Greene County, Missouri">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grundy_County,_Missouri" title="Grundy County, Missouri">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Missouri" title="Harrison County, Missouri">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Missouri" title="Henry County, Missouri">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_County,_Missouri" title="Hickory County, Missouri">Hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holt_County,_Missouri" title="Holt County, Missouri">Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_County,_Missouri" title="Howard County, Missouri">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_County,_Missouri" title="Howell County, Missouri">Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_County,_Missouri" title="Iron County, Missouri">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_County,_Missouri" title="Jasper County, Missouri">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Missouri" title="Jefferson County, Missouri">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County,_Missouri" title="Johnson County, Missouri">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knox_County,_Missouri" title="Knox County, Missouri">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laclede_County,_Missouri" title="Laclede County, Missouri">Laclede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_County,_Missouri" title="Lafayette County, Missouri">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Missouri" title="Lawrence County, Missouri">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_Missouri" title="Lewis County, Missouri">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Missouri" title="Lincoln County, Missouri">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_County,_Missouri" title="Linn County, Missouri">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_Missouri" title="Livingston County, Missouri">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macon_County,_Missouri" title="Macon County, Missouri">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Missouri" title="Madison County, Missouri">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maries_County,_Missouri" title="Maries County, Missouri">Maries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Missouri" title="Marion County, Missouri">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald_County,_Missouri" title="McDonald County, Missouri">McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_County,_Missouri" title="Mercer County, Missouri">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller_County,_Missouri" title="Miller County, Missouri">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_County,_Missouri" title="Mississippi County, Missouri">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moniteau_County,_Missouri" title="Moniteau County, Missouri">Moniteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Missouri" title="Monroe County, Missouri">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Missouri" title="Montgomery County, Missouri">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Missouri" title="Morgan County, Missouri">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Madrid_County,_Missouri" title="New Madrid County, Missouri">New Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_County,_Missouri" title="Newton County, Missouri">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodaway_County,_Missouri" title="Nodaway County, Missouri">Nodaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_County,_Missouri" title="Oregon County, Missouri">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_County,_Missouri" title="Osage County, Missouri">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark_County,_Missouri" title="Ozark County, Missouri">Ozark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemiscot_County,_Missouri" title="Pemiscot County, Missouri">Pemiscot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_County,_Missouri" title="Perry County, Missouri">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettis_County,_Missouri" title="Pettis County, Missouri">Pettis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phelps_County,_Missouri" title="Phelps County, Missouri">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Missouri" title="Pike County, Missouri">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platte_County,_Missouri" title="Platte County, Missouri">Platte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Missouri" title="Polk County, Missouri">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_County,_Missouri" title="Pulaski County, Missouri">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_Missouri" title="Putnam County, Missouri">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralls_County,_Missouri" title="Ralls County, Missouri">Ralls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_County,_Missouri" title="Randolph County, Missouri">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_County,_Missouri" title="Ray County, Missouri">Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_County,_Missouri" title="Reynolds County, Missouri">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripley_County,_Missouri" title="Ripley County, Missouri">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_County,_Missouri" title="St. Charles County, Missouri">St. Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Missouri" title="St. Clair County, Missouri">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Francois_County,_Missouri" title="St. Francois County, Missouri">St. Francois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis (City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_County,_Missouri" title="St. Louis County, Missouri">St. Louis (County)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ste._Genevieve_County,_Missouri" title="Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri">Ste. Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saline_County,_Missouri" title="Saline County, Missouri">Saline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_County,_Missouri" title="Schuyler County, Missouri">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_County,_Missouri" title="Scotland County, Missouri">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Missouri" title="Scott County, Missouri">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_County,_Missouri" title="Shannon County, Missouri">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Missouri" title="Shelby County, Missouri">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoddard_County,_Missouri" title="Stoddard County, Missouri">Stoddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_County,_Missouri" title="Stone County, Missouri">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_Missouri" title="Sullivan County, Missouri">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taney_County,_Missouri" title="Taney County, Missouri">Taney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_County,_Missouri" title="Texas County, Missouri">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_County,_Missouri" title="Vernon County, Missouri">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_Missouri" title="Warren County, Missouri">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Missouri" title="Washington County, Missouri">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Missouri" title="Wayne County, Missouri">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_County,_Missouri" title="Webster County, Missouri">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worth_County,_Missouri" title="Worth County, Missouri">Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_County,_Missouri" title="Wright County, Missouri">Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/32px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/48px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/64px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Missouri" title="Portal:Missouri">Missouri portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135615#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135615#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135615#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000446614753">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143678046">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtH4pbvYBtHbGXcftQTHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4305443-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81038736">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Springfield (Missouri)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge478590&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557213705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/3f044614-f699-4736-a6c6-79a5a55403d6">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045846">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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