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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_director_of_New_Netherland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_director_of_New_Netherland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>As director of New Netherland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_director_of_New_Netherland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishing_the_New_Sweden_colony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishing_the_New_Sweden_colony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Establishing the New Sweden colony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishing_the_New_Sweden_colony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Places_named_after_Minuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_named_after_Minuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Places named after Minuit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_named_after_Minuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Minuit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="بيتر مينويت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيتر مينويت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Петэр Мінёйт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Петэр Мінёйт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Пэтэр Мінёйт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэтэр Мінёйт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minnewitt" title="Peter Minnewitt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peter Minnewitt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Minuit" title="Pierre Minuit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pierre Minuit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Minuit" title="Pierre Minuit – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pierre Minuit" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%ED%84%B0%EB%A5%B4_%EB%AF%B8%EB%85%B8%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="페터르 미노이트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페터르 미노이트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99" title="פטר מינואי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פטר מינואי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პეტერ მინუიტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პეტერ მინუიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Minuit" title="Petrus Minuit – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petrus Minuit" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="بيتر مينويت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيتر مينويت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B9%D1%82,_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Минёйт, Петер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Минёйт, Петер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%82" title="Петер Минојт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Петер Минојт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="Peter Minuit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peter Minuit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%97%D1%82" title="Петер Мінуїт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Петер Мінуїт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q312889#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Minuit" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Peter_Minuit" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">3rd Director of New Netherland (1626–31)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Peter Minuit</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Minuit_(Minnewit)_old_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Peter_Minuit_%28Minnewit%29_old_portrait.jpg/220px-Peter_Minuit_%28Minnewit%29_old_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Peter_Minuit_%28Minnewit%29_old_portrait.jpg/330px-Peter_Minuit_%28Minnewit%29_old_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Peter_Minuit_%28Minnewit%29_old_portrait.jpg/440px-Peter_Minuit_%28Minnewit%29_old_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="1219" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Peter Minuit portrait c1904, based on an older painting</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Director_of_New_Netherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of New Netherland">Director of New Netherland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1626–1631</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Willem_Verhulst" title="Willem Verhulst">Willem Verhulst</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sebastiaen_Jansen_Krol" title="Sebastiaen Jansen Krol">Sebastiaen Jansen Krol</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1580<br /><a href="/wiki/Wesel" title="Wesel">Wesel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cleves" title="Duchy of Cleves">Duchy of Cleves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, Germany)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1638 (aged 58)<br /><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">St. Christopher</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Peter_Minuit.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Peter Minuit's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Signature_of_Peter_Minuit.png/128px-Signature_of_Peter_Minuit.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Signature_of_Peter_Minuit.png/192px-Signature_of_Peter_Minuit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Signature_of_Peter_Minuit.png/256px-Signature_of_Peter_Minuit.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="98" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Peter Minuit (also Pierre Minuit (french version), or Peter Minnewit (dutch version))</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hg_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (between 1580 and 1585 – August 5, 1638) was a <a href="/wiki/Walloons" title="Walloons">Walloon</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Minuit_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minuit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (then part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a>) merchant born in <a href="/wiki/Wesel" title="Wesel">Wesel</a>, in present-day northwestern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. He was the 3rd <a href="/wiki/Director_of_New_Netherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of New Netherland">Director</a> of the Dutch North American colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> from 1626 until 1631, and 3rd Governor of New Netherland. He founded the <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Delaware Peninsula">Delaware Peninsula</a> in 1638. </p><p>Minuit is generally credited with orchestrating the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan Island">Manhattan Island</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> from representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">the area's indigenous people</a>. Manhattan later became the site of the Dutch city of <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, and the borough of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> of modern-day <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. A letter written by Dutch merchant Peter Schaghen to directors of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> stated that Manhattan was purchased for "60 <a href="/wiki/Guilder" title="Guilder">guilders</a> worth of trade",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an amount worth ~$1,143 U.S. dollars as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peter Minuit was born in <a href="/wiki/Wesel" title="Wesel">Wesel</a>, Germany between 1580 and 1585<sup id="cite_ref-GoodJames_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoodJames-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wesel_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wesel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into a <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> family<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that had moved from the city of <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a> (presently part of <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a>, Belgium) in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern Netherlands</a> controlled by Spain, in order to avoid Spanish Catholic authorities, who were not favorably disposed toward <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nni_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nni-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His surname means "midnight" in French.<sup id="cite_ref-footprints_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-footprints-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His father, Johann Minuit, died in 1609 and Peter took over management of the household and his father's business. Peter had a good reputation in Wesel, attested by the fact that he was several times appointed a guardian. He also assisted the poor during the Spanish occupation of 1614–1619.<sup id="cite_ref-wesel_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wesel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minuit married Gertrude Raedts from <a href="/wiki/Kleve" title="Kleve">Cleve</a> on August 20, 1613. Gertrude was from a wealthy family and she probably helped Peter Minuit establish himself as a broker. A will drawn up in 1615 in the Dutch city of <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, mentions "Peter Minnewit" as a diamond cutter.<sup id="cite_ref-nni_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nni-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether he traded in other items is unknown. He spelled his own surname as <i>Minuit</i>, but the spelling <i>Minnewit</i> shows the pronunciation.<sup id="cite_ref-hg_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus in some old books <i>Minnewit</i> is used. </p><p>By 1624, the city was in an economic decline and in 1625, he had left Wesel and like others, went to Holland. At first, Gertrude went to stay with her relatives in Cleve.<sup id="cite_ref-wesel_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wesel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_director_of_New_Netherland">As director of New Netherland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As director of New Netherland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Peter_Minuit" title="Special:EditPage/Peter Minuit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Verkoopakte_Manhattan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Verkoopakte_Manhattan.jpg/220px-Verkoopakte_Manhattan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Verkoopakte_Manhattan.jpg/330px-Verkoopakte_Manhattan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Verkoopakte_Manhattan.jpg/440px-Verkoopakte_Manhattan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10000" data-file-height="7614" /></a><figcaption>1626 letter in Dutch by Pieter Schaghen stating the purchase of Manhattan for 60 guilders</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Purchase_of_Manhattan_Island.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Purchase_of_Manhattan_Island.png/220px-The_Purchase_of_Manhattan_Island.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Purchase_of_Manhattan_Island.png/330px-The_Purchase_of_Manhattan_Island.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/The_Purchase_of_Manhattan_Island.png/440px-The_Purchase_of_Manhattan_Island.png 2x" data-file-width="1542" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption>1909 drawing of <i>The Purchase of Manhattan Island</i> with Minuit presiding</figcaption></figure> <p>Minuit joined the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a>, probably in the mid-1620s, and was sent with his family to New Netherland in 1625 to search for tradable goods other than the animal pelts that then were the major product coming from New Netherland. He returned in the same year, and in 1626 was appointed the new director of New Netherland, taking over from <a href="/wiki/Willem_Verhulst" title="Willem Verhulst">Willem Verhulst</a>. He sailed to North America and arrived in the colony on May 4, 1626.<sup id="cite_ref-wesel_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wesel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minuit is credited with purchasing the island of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> from Native Americans in exchange for traded goods valued at 60 <a href="/wiki/Dutch_gulden" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch gulden">guilders</a>. The figure of 60 guilders comes from a letter by a representative of the Dutch States-General and member of the board of the Dutch West India Company, Pieter Janszoon Schagen, to the States-General in November 1626<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1844, New York historian <a href="/wiki/John_Romeyn_Brodhead" title="John Romeyn Brodhead">John Romeyn Brodhead</a> converted the figure of Fl 60 (or 60 guilders) to <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>24.<sup id="cite_ref-NeviusNevius2009_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NeviusNevius2009-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2006 sixty guilders in 1626 was worth approximately $1,000 in current dollars, according to the Institute for Social History of Amsterdam.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to researchers at the National Library of the Netherlands,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> "The original inhabitants of the area were unfamiliar with the European notions and definitions of ownership rights. For the Indians, water, air and land could not be traded. Such exchanges would also be difficult in practical terms because many groups migrated between their summer and winter quarters. It can be concluded that both parties probably went home with totally different interpretations of the sales agreement." </p><p>A contemporary purchase of rights in nearby <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Staten Island, New York">Staten Island</a>, to which Minuit also was party, involved duffel cloth, iron <a href="/wiki/Kettle" title="Kettle">kettles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">axe</a> heads, <a href="/wiki/Hoe_(tool)" title="Hoe (tool)">hoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wampum" title="Wampum">wampum</a>, drilling <a href="/wiki/Bradawl" title="Bradawl">awls</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Jew%27s_harp" title="Jew's harp">Jew's harps</a>", and "diverse other wares". "If similar trade goods were involved in the Manhattan arrangement", Burrows and Wallace surmise, "then the Dutch were engaged in high-end <a href="/wiki/Technology_transfer" title="Technology transfer">technology transfer</a>, handing over equipment of enormous usefulness in tasks ranging from clearing land to drilling <a href="/wiki/Wampum" title="Wampum">wampum</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minuit conducted politics in a measure of democracy in the colony during his time in New Netherland. He was highest judge in the colony, but in both civil and criminal affairs he was assisted by a council of five colonists. This advisory body would advise the director and jointly with him would develop, administer, and adjudicate a body of laws to help govern the colony. In addition there was a schout-fiscal, half-sheriff, half-attorney-general, and the customs officer.<sup id="cite_ref-nni_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nni-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Minuit's administration, several mills were built, trade grew exponentially, and the population grew to almost 300.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1632, the Dutch West India Company (WIC) suspended Minuit from his post for reasons that are unclear, but probably for (perhaps unintentionally) abetting the landowning <a href="/wiki/Patroons" class="mw-redirect" title="Patroons">patroons</a> who were engaging in illegal fur trade and otherwise enriching themselves against the interests and orders of the West India Company.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He arrived back in Europe in August 1632 to explain his actions, but was dismissed<sup id="cite_ref-wesel_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wesel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was succeeded as director by <a href="/wiki/Wouter_van_Twiller" title="Wouter van Twiller">Wouter van Twiller</a>. It is possible that Minuit had become the victim of the internal disputes over the rights that the board of directors had given to the patroons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishing_the_New_Sweden_colony">Establishing the New Sweden colony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Establishing the New Sweden colony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Blommaert_(1583-1651).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Samuel_Blommaert_%281583-1651%29.jpg/220px-Samuel_Blommaert_%281583-1651%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Samuel_Blommaert_%281583-1651%29.jpg/330px-Samuel_Blommaert_%281583-1651%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Samuel_Blommaert_%281583-1651%29.jpg/440px-Samuel_Blommaert_%281583-1651%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="3446" /></a><figcaption>Samuel Blommaert (1583-1651)</figcaption></figure> <p>After having lived in <a href="/wiki/Emmerich_am_Rhein" title="Emmerich am Rhein">Emmerich</a> (<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cleves" title="Duchy of Cleves">Duchy of Cleves</a>) for several years, Minuit made arrangements with <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Blommaert" title="Samuel Blommaert">Samuel Blommaert</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> government in 1637 to create the first Swedish colony in the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>. Located on the lower <a href="/wiki/Delaware_River" title="Delaware River">Delaware River</a> within territory earlier claimed by the Dutch, it was called <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a>. Minuit and his company arrived on the <i><a href="/wiki/Fogel_Grip" title="Fogel Grip">Fogel Grip</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Nyckel" title="Kalmar Nyckel">Kalmar Nyckel</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Swedes%27_Landing" title="Swedes' Landing">Swedes' Landing</a>, which is present-day <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>, on 29 March, 1638. Minuit left the colony on 20 May, 1638 and sailed to the Caribbean island of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">St. Christopher</a>, where he arrived on 15 June to barter salt, a ship's cargo of wine and <a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">liquor</a> for tobacco to make the voyage profitable.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During this voyage, Minuit drowned when the ship he was visiting (at the invitation of its Dutch captain, a friend of Minuit), <a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Deer_(ship)" title="The Flying Deer (ship)"><i>The Flying Deer</i></a>, was lost with all hands during a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Atlantic_hurricanes_in_the_17th_century#1625–1649" title="List of Atlantic hurricanes in the 17th century">hurricane</a> near St. Kitts. One ship sank near the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, another arrived without mast.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The losses suffered, such as goods and Minuit, caused irreversible damage to Sweden's colonization attempts. Two years later, Swedish Lt. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5ns_Nilsson_Kling" title="Måns Nilsson Kling">Måns Nilsson Kling</a>, whose rank was raised to captain, replaced Minuit as governor. Nine expeditions to the colony were carried out before the Dutch captured it in 1655.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_named_after_Minuit">Places named after Minuit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Places named after Minuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Ferry_Whitehall_Terminal" title="Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal">Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Peter_Minuit_Plaza" title="Peter Minuit Plaza">Peter Minuit Plaza</a>, north of the <a href="/wiki/South_Ferry_%E2%80%93_Whitehall_Street_(New_York_City_Subway)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Ferry – Whitehall Street (New York City Subway)">South Ferry – Whitehall Street</a> station (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="1 (New York City Subway service)">1</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="N (New York City Subway service)">N</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="R (New York City Subway service)">R</a></span>, and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="W (New York City Subway service)">W</a></span> trains). Following the 400th-anniversary celebrations of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a>'s voyage to Manhattan, a pavilion was opened there to honor the Dutch. Each night at midnight, LED lights around the pavilion's perimeter glow in honor of Minuit.<sup id="cite_ref-footprints_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-footprints-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A marker in <a href="/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park" title="Inwood Hill Park">Inwood Hill Park</a> at the supposed site of the purchase of Manhattan.</li> <li>A granite flagstaff base in <a href="/wiki/The_Battery_(Manhattan)" title="The Battery (Manhattan)">Battery Park</a>, which depicts the historic purchase</li> <li>A school and playground in <a href="/wiki/East_Harlem" title="East Harlem">East Harlem</a>, which are named for him.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An apartment building at 25 <a href="/wiki/Claremont_Avenue" title="Claremont Avenue">Claremont Avenue</a> in Manhattan, which bears his name above the front entrance</li> <li>The Peter Minuit Chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a></li> <li>A memorial on <a href="/wiki/Moltkestra%C3%9Fe_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moltkestraße (KVB)">Moltkestraße</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wesel" title="Wesel">Wesel</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The beginning lines of <a href="/wiki/Rodgers_and_Hart" title="Rodgers and Hart">Rodgers and Hart</a>'s 1939 song "<a href="/wiki/Give_It_Back_to_the_Indians" title="Give It Back to the Indians">Give It Back to the Indians</a>" recount the sale of Manhattan: "Old Peter Minuit had nothing to lose when he bought the isle of Manhattan / For twenty-six dollars and a bottle of booze, and they threw in the Bronx and Staten / Pete thought he had the best of the bargain, but the poor red man just grinned / And he grunted "ugh!" (meaning "okay" in his jargon) for he knew poor Pete was skinned."</li> <li>Minuit was played by <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a> in the 1957 comedy film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Mankind_(film)" title="The Story of Mankind (film)">The Story of Mankind</a></i>.</li> <li>Minuit was played by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Landon" title="Michael Landon">Michael Landon</a> in the 1970 film <i><a href="/wiki/Swing_Out,_Sweet_Land" title="Swing Out, Sweet Land">Swing Out, Sweet Land</a></i>.</li> <li>Minuit is mentioned on the HBO drama <i><a href="/wiki/Boardwalk_Empire" title="Boardwalk Empire">Boardwalk Empire</a></i>, where the character <a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Bader" title="Edward L. Bader">Edward Bader</a> tells a joke featuring the line, "'50 bucks?' the fella says. '<a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a> only paid 24 for the entire island of Manhattan!'", while <a href="/wiki/Steve_Buscemi" title="Steve Buscemi">Steve Buscemi</a>'s' character Enoch 'Nucky' Thompson has to correct Bader and inform him that it was in fact Peter Minuit who bought Manhattan, not Stuyvesant.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> mentions Minuit in his song "Hard Times in New York Town" (released on <a href="/wiki/The_Bootleg_Series_Volumes_1%E2%80%933_(Rare_%26_Unreleased)_1961%E2%80%931991" title="The Bootleg Series Volumes 1–3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961–1991">The Bootleg Series Volume 1</a>) in the following line: <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Mister Hudson</a> come a-sailing down the stream, / and old Mister Minuit paid for his dream.</i> In the released recording of the song, however, Dylan <a href="/wiki/Spoonerism" title="Spoonerism">spoonerizes</a> "Mister Minuit" by mispronouncing his name as "Minnie Mistuit."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official lyrics have the correct version of the name, except that Minuit is spelled "Minuet."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Minuit is mentioned in the first episode, <i><a href="/wiki/Uno_(Better_Call_Saul)" title="Uno (Better Call Saul)">Uno</a></i>, of the AMC drama <i><a href="/wiki/Better_Call_Saul" title="Better Call Saul">Better Call Saul</a></i>. Jimmy McGill (the later titular Saul), while confronting lawyers at his brother's law firm, accuses them of being "like Peter Minuit" and suggests that they "throw in some beads and shells" to the $26,000.00 being given to his brother.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Manahatta_(play)" title="Manahatta (play)">Manahatta</a></i>, a play by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Kathryn_Nagle" title="Mary Kathryn Nagle">Mary Kathryn Nagle</a>, Minuit is a featured character, depicted in his involvement in the colonization of <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Island_(Native_American_folklore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turtle Island (Native American folklore)">Turtle Island</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Dutch colonization of the Americas">Dutch colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_New_Jersey" title="List of colonial governors of New Jersey">List of colonial governors of New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_New_York" title="List of colonial governors of New York">List of colonial governors of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarsee" title="Canarsee">Canarsee</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also <b>Pieter Minuit</b>, <b>Pierre Minuit</b>, or <b>Peter Minnewit</b></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hg-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hg_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hg_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHistorisch_Genootschap1877" class="citation book cs1">Historisch Genootschap (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B_wPAAAAYAAJ"><i>Bijdragen en mededeelingen van het Historisch Genootschap (gevestigt te Utrecht)., Deel 29</i></a>. Amsterdam: Amsterdam, Johannes Muller. p. 41<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bijdragen+en+mededeelingen+van+het+Historisch+Genootschap+%28gevestigt+te+Utrecht%29.%2C+Deel+29&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Amsterdam%2C+Johannes+Muller&rft.date=1877&rft.au=Historisch+Genootschap&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB_wPAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bijdragenenmede04unkngoog/page/n75/mode/2up?q=Minnewit">Alt URL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcny.org/peter-minuit">"Peter Minuit | Museum of the City of New York"</a>. <i>www.mcny.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mcny.org&rft.atitle=Peter+Minuit+%7C+Museum+of+the+City+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcny.org%2Fpeter-minuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minuit-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minuit_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230129115800/https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga1-chronology.htm">"Germans in America - Chronology"</a>. <i>usa.usembassy.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga1-chronology.htm">the original</a> on January 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=usa.usembassy.de&rft.atitle=Germans+in+America+-+Chronology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusa.usembassy.de%2Fetexts%2Fga1-chronology.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newamsterdamhistorycenter.org/education/schaghen.html">"New Amsterdam History Center"</a>. <i>newamsterdamhistorycenter.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newamsterdamhistorycenter.org&rft.atitle=New+Amsterdam+History+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewamsterdamhistorycenter.org%2Feducation%2Fschaghen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iisg.nl/hpw/calculate.php">"Value of the guilder / euro"</a>. <i>www.iisg.nl</i>. April 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iisg.nl&rft.atitle=Value+of+the+guilder+%2F+euro&rft.date=2023-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iisg.nl%2Fhpw%2Fcalculate.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoodJames-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GoodJames_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGood1923" class="citation journal cs1">Good, James I. (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23323599">"A Calvinistic Founder of America: Peter Minuit"</a>. <i>Journal of the Presbyterian Historical Society (1901-1930)</i>. <b>11</b> (7): 260–267. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23323599">23323599</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Presbyterian+Historical+Society+%281901-1930%29&rft.atitle=A+Calvinistic+Founder+of+America%3A+Peter+Minuit&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=260-267&rft.date=1923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23323599%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Good&rft.aufirst=James+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23323599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wesel-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wesel_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wesel_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wesel_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wesel_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wesel_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081411/http://www.wesel.de/en/city-portrait/peter-minuit/">"Peter Minuit"</a>. <i>Wesel.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wesel.de/en/city-portrait/peter-minuit/">the original</a> on December 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wesel.de&rft.atitle=Peter+Minuit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wesel.de%2Fen%2Fcity-portrait%2Fpeter-minuit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGood1923" class="citation journal cs1">Good, James I. (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23323599">"A Calvinistic Founder of America: Peter Minuit"</a>. <i>Journal of the Presbyterian Historical Society (1901-1930)</i>. <b>11</b> (7): 260–267. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23323599">23323599</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Presbyterian+Historical+Society+%281901-1930%29&rft.atitle=A+Calvinistic+Founder+of+America%3A+Peter+Minuit&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=260-267&rft.date=1923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23323599%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Good&rft.aufirst=James+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23323599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nni-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nni_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nni_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nni_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/dutch_americans/peter-minuit/">"Peter Minuit", New Netherlands Institute</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-footprints-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-footprints_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-footprints_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeviusNevius2014" class="citation book cs1">Nevius, James; Nevius, Michelle (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_nhBBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA13"><i>Footprints in New York: Tracing the Lives of Four Centuries of New Yorkers</i></a>. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762796366" title="Special:BookSources/9780762796366"><bdi>9780762796366</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Footprints+in+New+York%3A+Tracing+the+Lives+of+Four+Centuries+of+New+Yorkers&rft.place=Guilford%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Lyons+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780762796366&rft.aulast=Nevius&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Nevius%2C+Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_nhBBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/more-historical-fun/dutch-treats/peter-schagen-letter/">Peter Schaghen Letter with transcription. New Netherland Institute (1626-11-07). Retrieved on February 16, 2015.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NeviusNevius2009-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NeviusNevius2009_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeviusNevius2009" class="citation book cs1">Nevius, Michelle; Nevius, James (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O8K5OCC4CMwC&pg=PA9"><i>Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-8997-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-8997-6"><bdi>978-1-4165-8997-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+the+Apple%3A+A+Streetwise+History+of+New+York+City&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-8997-6&rft.aulast=Nevius&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.au=Nevius%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO8K5OCC4CMwC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The International Institute for Social History, Amsterdam <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iisg.nl/hpw/calculate.php">calculates</a> its value as 60 guilders (1626) = <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>678.91 (2006), equal to about $1,000 in 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Burrows" title="Edwin G. Burrows">Edwin G. Burrows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Wallace_(historian)" title="Mike Wallace (historian)">Mike Wallace</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gotham:_A_History_of_New_York_City_to_1898" title="Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898">Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898</a></i>, (1999: xivff)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/peter-minuit-9409851">Peter Minuit Biography – Facts, Birthday, Life Story</a>. Biography.com (October 27, 1940). Retrieved on July 23, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofholland.com/peter-minuit.html">Peter Minuit</a>. Historyofholland.com. Retrieved on July 23, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kernkamp, G.W. (1908) Brieven van Samuel Blommaert aan den Zweedschen Rijkskanselier Axel Oxenstierna 1635–1641, p. 158. In: Bijdragen & Mededeelingen van het Historisch Genootschap, nr. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashmead, Henry Graham <i>History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania</i> (Chapter II, Philadelphia: L. H. Everts & Co. 1884)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weslager, C. A. <i>A Man and his Ship: Peter Minuit and the Kalmar Nyckel</i> (Wilmington, Delaware: Kalmar Nickel Foundation. 1989</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kernkamp, G.W. (1908) Brieven van Samuel Blommaert aan den Zweedschen Rijkskanselier Axel Oxenstierna 1635–1641, p. 158. In: Bijdragen & Mededeelingen van het Historisch Genootschap, nr. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bente, Friedrich, 1858–1930. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanluthera01bentgoog/page/n27">American Lutheranism Volume 1: Early History of American Lutheranism</a>: Lutheran Swedes in Delaware. Concordia: 1919, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/peter-minuit-playground">"Peter Minuit Playground", New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reocities.com/temptations_page/DylGuide.html">The Annotated Bob Dylan</a>. Reocities.com. Retrieved on July 23, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bobdylan.com/songs/hard-times-in-new-york-town">Songs | The Official Bob Dylan Site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902143534/http://www.bobdylan.com/songs/hard-times-in-new-york-town">Archived</a> September 2, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Bobdylan.com. Retrieved on July 23, 2013.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeslager,_C.A.1989" class="citation book cs1">Weslager, C.A. (1989). <i>A Man and his Ship: Peter Minuit and the Kalmar Nyckel</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>: Kalmar Nickel Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9625563-1-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9625563-1-9"><bdi>0-9625563-1-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Man+and+his+Ship%3A+Peter+Minuit+and+the+Kalmar+Nyckel&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+Delaware&rft.pub=Kalmar+Nickel+Foundation&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-9625563-1-9&rft.au=Weslager%2C+C.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Nevius,_Michelle_Nevius2014" class="citation book cs1">James Nevius, Michelle Nevius (2014). <i>Footprints in New York: Tracing the Lives of Four Centuries of New Yorkers</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lyons_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyons Press">Lyons Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-9636-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-9636-6"><bdi>978-0-7627-9636-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Footprints+in+New+York%3A+Tracing+the+Lives+of+Four+Centuries+of+New+Yorkers&rft.pub=Lyons+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-9636-6&rft.au=James+Nevius%2C+Michelle+Nevius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelle_Nevius,_James_Nevius2009" class="citation book cs1">Michelle Nevius, James Nevius (2009). <i>Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City</i>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-8997-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-8997-6"><bdi>978-1-4165-8997-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+the+Apple%3A+A+Streetwise+History+of+New+York+City&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-8997-6&rft.au=Michelle+Nevius%2C+James+Nevius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell_Shorto2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Shorto" title="Russell Shorto">Russell Shorto</a> (2004). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Island_at_the_Center_of_the_World" title="The Island at the Center of the World">The Island at the Center of the World</a>: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America</i>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4000-7867-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-4000-7867-9"><bdi>1-4000-7867-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Island+at+the+Center+of+the+World%3A+The+Epic+Story+of+Dutch+Manhattan+and+the+Forgotten+Colony+that+Shaped+America&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-4000-7867-9&rft.au=Russell+Shorto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jacobs, Jaap. (2005), <i>New Netherland: A Dutch Colony in Seventeenth-Century America</i>. Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Academic_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill Academic Publishers">Brill Academic Publishers</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-12906-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-12906-5">90-04-12906-5</a>.</li> <li>Mickley, Joseph J. <i>Some account of Willem Usselinx and Peter Minuit: Two individuals who were instrumental in establishing the first permanent colony in Delaware</i>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Historical_Society" title="Delaware Historical Society">The Historical Society of Delaware</a>, 1881</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Minuit&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a>'s <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/etext/3161">Narrative New Netherland</a></i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/J._Franklin_Jameson" title="J. Franklin Jameson">J. Franklin Jameson</a>, includes a footnote about the life of Minuit, but gives an improbable birth date of 1550.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021205012316/http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/nativeamericans/meotac.htm">"The Canarsees"</a>, Angelfire</li> <li>Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace: <i>Gotham</i>, 1999.</li> <li>Kenneth T. Jackson, ed.: <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of New York City">Encyclopedia of New York City</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101023083225/http://www.nnp.org/nnp/documents/schagen_main.html">Pieter (later English spelling <i>Peter</i>) Schaghen, "Letter on the purchase of Manhattan Island"</a>,</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_Elmore_Bostwick1900" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Arthur Elmore Bostwick (1900). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Minuit, Peter"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Minuit,_Peter">"Minuit, Peter" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Minuit%2C+Peter&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.date=1900&rft.au=Arthur+Elmore+Bostwick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+Minuit" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Willem_Verhulst" title="Willem Verhulst">Willem Verhulst</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Director_of_New_Netherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of New Netherland">Director of New Netherland</a> </b><br />May 4, 1626–1631 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sebastiaen_Jansen_Krol" title="Sebastiaen Jansen Krol">Sebastiaen Jansen Krol</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b><br /><div style="font-size:90%">new colony</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">Governor of New Sweden</a> </b><br />March 29, 1638 – June 15, 1638 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5ns_Nilsson_Kling" title="Måns Nilsson Kling">Måns Nilsson Kling</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118734105">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93016439">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p222458313">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5010398">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007273849805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td 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