CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Jeffrey Kotyk | Max Planck Institute for the History of Science - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="UaHK0Gbv1Nmr0sJ0j3KMPc0MagxwjvWJyIozGtuOg1bzn2wn6U_hwL0mLY6BRjfJc3u3jLnI_0X6zVpBCEjnVg" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-3d36c19b4875b226bfed0fcba1dcea3f2fe61148383d97c0465c016b8c969290.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-79e78ce59bef0a338eb6540ec3d93b4a7952115b56c57f1760943128f4544d42.css" /><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ProfilePage","mainEntity":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk"},"dateCreated":"2013-02-11T17:33:46-08:00","dateModified":"2025-02-25T20:20:10-08:00"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-95367dc03b794f6737f30123738a886cf53b7a65cdef98a922a98591d60063e3.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-8c9ae4b5c8a2531640c354d92a1f3579c8ff103277ef74913e34c8a76d4e6c00.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-170d1319f0e354621e81ca17054bb147da2856ec0702fe440a99af314a6338c5.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="author" content="jeffrey kotyk" /> <meta name="description" content="Jeffrey Kotyk, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science: 2005 Followers, 785 Following, 39 Research papers. Research interests: Buddhist Studies,…" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1e60a92a442ff83025cbe4f252857ee7c49c0bbe'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14008,"monthly_visitors":"107 million","monthly_visitor_count":107440917,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":107,"user_count":283749631,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740562888000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740562888000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-1eb081e01ca8bc0c1b1d866df79d9eb4dd2c484e4beecf76e79a7806c72fee08.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-63c3b84e278fb86e50772ccc2ac0281a0f74ac7e2f88741ecad58131583d4c47.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-85b27a68dc793256271cea8ce6f178025923f9e7e3c7450780e59eacecf59a75.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-4a9f418052ec7a403e004849742322653b010f552f60e892779ac5b03c4cc162.js" defer="defer"></script><script>$viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3315857/1106747/73815447/s65_jeffrey.kotyk.jpg","has_photo":true,"department":{"id":35952,"name":"Department III","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/Departments/Department_III/Documents","university":{"id":6233,"name":"Max Planck Institute for the History of Science","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Post-Doc","position_id":2,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":2906,"name":"Buddhist Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhist_Studies"},{"id":9801,"name":"Chinese Language and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Language_and_Culture"},{"id":2882,"name":"Chinese Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Buddhism"},{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies"},{"id":6001,"name":"Japanese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_History"},{"id":28240,"name":"Archaeology of Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Buddhism"},{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion"},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion"},{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies"},{"id":113,"name":"Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism"},{"id":2905,"name":"Tibetan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibetan_Studies"},{"id":18313,"name":"Tibetan Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibetan_Buddhism"},{"id":10088,"name":"History of Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Astronomy"},{"id":10089,"name":"History of Astrology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Astrology"},{"id":2839,"name":"Sinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinology"},{"id":6717,"name":"Japanese Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Buddhism"},{"id":2457,"name":"History of Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Japan"},{"id":19093,"name":"Indian Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Buddhism"},{"id":34891,"name":"History of China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_China"},{"id":111884,"name":"Tibetan History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibetan_History"},{"id":90346,"name":"Vinaya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vinaya"},{"id":21573,"name":"Mulasarvastivada Vinaya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mulasarvastivada_Vinaya"},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind"},{"id":27447,"name":"Joseph Tainter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Joseph_Tainter"},{"id":7108,"name":"Zen Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zen_Buddhism"},{"id":7242,"name":"Tang Dynasty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tang_Dynasty"},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies"},{"id":94916,"name":"Indology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indology"},{"id":166758,"name":"Mahayana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mahayana"},{"id":7240,"name":"Silk Road Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silk_Road_Studies"},{"id":114,"name":"Hinduism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hinduism"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = [{"id":349476,"link":"http://huayanzang.blogspot.com/","name":"Blog","link_domain":"huayanzang.blogspot.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=huayanzang.blogspot.com"},{"id":50301360,"link":"https://twitter.com/JeffreyKotyk","name":"Twitter","link_domain":"twitter.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=twitter.com"},{"id":67843488,"link":"http://sinoiran.it/","name":"Homepage","link_domain":"sinoiran.it","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=sinoiran.it"}]</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","location":"/JeffreyKotyk","scheme":"https","host":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/JeffreyKotyk","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-71f4fbb3-1b84-4d13-8763-b2a52cd0c025"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-71f4fbb3-1b84-4d13-8763-b2a52cd0c025"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Jeffrey Kotyk" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3315857/1106747/73815447/s200_jeffrey.kotyk.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Jeffrey Kotyk</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/">Max Planck Institute for the History of Science</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/Departments/Department_III/Documents">Department III</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Post-Doc</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Jeffrey" data-follow-user-id="3315857" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="3315857"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">2,005</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">785</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">3</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/JeffreyKotyk/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">PhD, Leiden University (2017).<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/LewisDoney"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Lewis Doney" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/370622/96482/2964846/s200_lewis.doney.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/LewisDoney">Lewis Doney</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://rub.academia.edu/CarmenMeinert"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Carmen Meinert" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/10328844/10620002/11854291/s200_carmen.meinert.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://rub.academia.edu/CarmenMeinert">Carmen Meinert</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Ruhr-Universität Bochum</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://huji.academia.edu/MichalBiran"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Michal Biran" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/239371/16519458/16855399/s200_michal.biran.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://huji.academia.edu/MichalBiran">Michal Biran</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">The Hebrew University of Jerusalem</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://adw-goe.academia.edu/JensWilkens"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Jens Wilkens" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/28874205/8219458/46243816/s200_jens.wilkens.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://adw-goe.academia.edu/JensWilkens">Jens Wilkens</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://cuni.academia.edu/danielberounsky"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="daniel berounsky" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4007397/1537092/1866816/s200_daniel.berounsky.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/danielberounsky">daniel berounsky</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Charles University, Prague</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/MichelleCWang"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Michelle C. Wang 王慧蘭" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/12376618/3543437/121865806/s200_michelle_c..wang_.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/MichelleCWang">Michelle C. Wang 王慧蘭</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Georgetown University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://harvard.academia.edu/AdamCarterBremerMcCollum"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Adam Carter Bremer-McCollum" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4209/1672/53555848/s200_adam_carter.bremer-mccollum.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/AdamCarterBremerMcCollum">Adam Carter Bremer-McCollum</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Harvard University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://kyoto-u.academia.edu/ErikaForte"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Erika Forte" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/16590097/4576840/5293323/s200_erika.forte.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://kyoto-u.academia.edu/ErikaForte">Erika Forte</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Kyoto University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://yale.academia.edu/MeghanHowardMasang"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Meghan Howard Masang" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/39914452/153686194/143294190/s200_meghan.howard_masang.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://yale.academia.edu/MeghanHowardMasang">Meghan Howard Masang</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Yale University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://pku.academia.edu/RuixuanChen"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Ruixuan Chen" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/38558983/22985644/94206839/s200_ruixuan.chen.jpeg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://pku.academia.edu/RuixuanChen">Ruixuan Chen</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Peking University</p></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3315857">View All (31)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3315857" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhist_Studies"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","location":"/JeffreyKotyk","scheme":"https","host":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/JeffreyKotyk","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Buddhist Studies"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-d542a7fd-30c3-4fbd-87c9-42e4aead2e00"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-d542a7fd-30c3-4fbd-87c9-42e4aead2e00"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3315857" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Language_and_Culture"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Chinese Language and Culture"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-2f8ca8a2-86f3-4640-aef2-49fff32755fb"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-2f8ca8a2-86f3-4640-aef2-49fff32755fb"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3315857" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Buddhism"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Chinese Buddhism"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-9e6225b6-9a43-4fdf-810b-6e1b94683ac9"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-9e6225b6-9a43-4fdf-810b-6e1b94683ac9"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3315857" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Japanese Studies"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-d6687df7-d59e-44c6-a1a2-c4f0854ccb72"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-d6687df7-d59e-44c6-a1a2-c4f0854ccb72"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3315857" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_History"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Japanese History"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-299bf2a9-4085-4f2d-a810-c7400cf54b26"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-299bf2a9-4085-4f2d-a810-c7400cf54b26"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>22</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Dictionary-Entries" data-toggle="tab" href="#dictionaryentries" role="tab" title="Dictionary Entries"><span>12</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Dictionary Entries</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Book-Reviews" data-toggle="tab" href="#bookreviews" role="tab" title="Book Reviews"><span>2</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Book Reviews</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip more-tab" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-documents-more-tab link-unstyled u-textTruncate" data-toggle="dropdown" role="tab">More  <i class="fa fa-chevron-down"></i></a><ul class="js-profile-documents-more-dropdown dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right profile-documents-more-dropdown" role="menu"><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Special-Issues" data-toggle="tab" href="#specialissues" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Special Issues</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Conference-Presentations" data-toggle="tab" href="#conferencepresentations" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Conference Presentations</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Jeffrey Kotyk</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122850921"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122850921/Sino_Iranian_and_Sino_Arabian_Relations_in_Late_Antiquity_China_and_the_Parthians_Sasanians_and_Arabs_in_the_First_Millennium"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sino-Iranian and Sino-Arabian Relations in Late Antiquity: China and the Parthians, Sasanians, and Arabs in the First Millennium" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117427306/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122850921/Sino_Iranian_and_Sino_Arabian_Relations_in_Late_Antiquity_China_and_the_Parthians_Sasanians_and_Arabs_in_the_First_Millennium">Sino-Iranian and Sino-Arabian Relations in Late Antiquity: China and the Parthians, Sasanians, and Arabs in the First Millennium</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sino-Iranian and Sino-Arabian Relations in Late Antiquity: China and the Parthians, Sasanians, and Arabs in the First Millennium</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">What type of exchanges occurred between West and East Asia in the first millennium CE? What sort ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What type of exchanges occurred between West and East Asia in the first millennium CE? What sort of connections existed between Persia and China? What did the Chinese know of early Islam? This study offers an overview of the cultural, diplomatic, commercial, and religious relationships that flourished between Iran and China, building on the pioneering work of Berthold Laufer’s Sino-Iranica (1919) while utilizing a diverse array of Classical Chinese sources to tell the story of Sino-Iran in a fresh light to highlight the significance of transcultural networks across Asia in late antiquity. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4d7769b64dfe4bb4f7b6c8b130d7a8e3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117427306,"asset_id":122850921,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117427306/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122850921"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122850921"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122850921; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122850921]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122850921]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122850921; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122850921']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4d7769b64dfe4bb4f7b6c8b130d7a8e3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122850921]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122850921,"title":"Sino-Iranian and Sino-Arabian Relations in Late Antiquity: China and the Parthians, Sasanians, and Arabs in the First Millennium","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122850921/Sino_Iranian_and_Sino_Arabian_Relations_in_Late_Antiquity_China_and_the_Parthians_Sasanians_and_Arabs_in_the_First_Millennium","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"VGw1ZHFHWE9NcWJvOFJwbXpVSGVPSVBtSTRBQXJ6ZWxmRHB3NzA2TmF1Yz0tLTR3eTNQZGRUUHM1c1hLdk4yYVh1VlE9PQ==--7fffa121a692bbd0b5f96993e9330714e5d27bc7"},"attachments":[{"id":117427306,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117427306/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"KOTYK_Sino_Iranian_2024.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117427306/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Sino_Iranian_and_Sino_Arabian_Relations.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117427306/KOTYK_Sino_Iranian_2024-libre.pdf?1723588239=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSino_Iranian_and_Sino_Arabian_Relations.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555258\u0026Signature=SyAvmBrlagUHgSuxWuTQYTTlhcQ5lduQoHhl6PyGRCqP7wFX9Dj~WYOefs-R4CUdwfQdWe1FHogNf1-M90~Pw-1J86agvz8KoQIzo65EMRDCG7bwOVhTYI0PtAJaY8Z0rwcuc-P19H03FtB9NDZ9JOoc6ndBU41O9b~12MhdD5w~F6cs2421Ka22kHB47aglZ~OiJ10FkgjwJMl1Px9lLzdNE1MtWsFinh8CWiKjWhWUORysy-QUj~e882KljJcZfot8Xxi68ELWm6g~39UKPZCQ6FlIZkYSBybLdrC9YzSsto~yxWX5Udt2IUuFXh-0ygw43DAJFPjMcFEjEs81TA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Jeffrey Kotyk</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107180706"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107180706/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105932701/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107180706/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations">Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Religions</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examines the use, adaptation, modification and omission of astronomical and calendrica...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examines the use, adaptation, modification and omission of astronomical and calendrical elements in early Japanese Mikkyō (ninth century) in large part from the perspective of exact sciences. Shingon and Tendai inherited a Sinicized system of Indian astrology from their respective beginnings, but the significance of this fact in the study of Japanese religions is underrecognized despite the reality that astrology was both studied and technically required in Mikkyō. This study will examine how Mikkyō negotiated the demand for orthopraxical use of Indian models with the contingent realities of only possessing in practice a Chinese calendar and system of observational astronomy. Japanese monks were compelled to observe Indian astrology according to their own scriptures, which by extension necessitated knowledge of Indian astronomy, but substitutions and omissions had to be made in the absence of the required resources and knowledge.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c5de69e11572a4b437408d225c5ec0e1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105932701,"asset_id":107180706,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105932701/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107180706"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107180706"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107180706; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107180706]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107180706]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107180706; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107180706']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c5de69e11572a4b437408d225c5ec0e1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107180706]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107180706,"title":"Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107180706/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"Mk50L0lrblZjblJSVC9tZWduRWh0QTlKbDVJT1ZhcmxFRnJVakpUZmJmaz0tLVBsWlNVSHZ4K2VuNnBSSmVzZVI2N0E9PQ==--4094edacbc041eb4b511f5411afadfd7c392b6c3"},"attachments":[{"id":105932701,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105932701/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105932701/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105932701/pdf-libre.pdf?1695660730=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAstronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=NcSSm8H3W7bI-kKHsst-ahoZoqTIPeUpQxOCqAukFByYMdEe~pD-LmcIPyFfLM-rsEzb7sOzGJOqZQVTX2Uc1yjEUgYR6k224b0ZKjaXS~8sOLf9SH9BFbfUIS0KE1SBcDKDM7dZw2DDwAjs-lhLVp-~Qyn2-EweviRDYEJlq7COIg-YKXJJkGF5GoMLM4sm5-A6iQcG65rS1e1RMra-Hot5IDq0kwKbLTdOMTdf0I-nm-5MbDJjjspNz3Ll4EFijdfBqRxIDb1G2bZ2stTkSvl7qe4nYETJZdBDXNUFPW7BIA948KvwyMVRRc3rTbGjZ8DzQSZx6EQxrBRs~6FqCg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":105932700,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105932700/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105932700/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105932700/pdf-libre.pdf?1695660739=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAstronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=WLMch3Mo0D75WDvJUUlMmDMRaZaKEi3zfPjoXHhir6Ktb1ZDvPkw40hjFhhsH7ByQ6VYJgz~wzJO~KqKuxD9yPpbmZ2EedQGekOJQP7KSJiwjGxLOzOyMgEBBG886OrKr~A11Rh5Pug9PKkRi8SV320tf7EwjqSOzgmYJM~65pKtOhHextMd~CcUO-k4RWEYr7sTsxAEA1j6FnvFBFXqn1tvt9Wnu0WPx34brYUyFiynslQ-aDrLOUbprLTOi8MIJXqpxvFxnKvlRHM0mloyYLyoKQYugFJW-1ktUyysAw7~zSjItvjkZJgr8Jb3URehpmEA8go1aHk1GBUodKVf2g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="81425351"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/81425351/The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yixing_%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_727_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Astronomical Innovations of Monk Yixing 一行 (673-727)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87472766/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81425351/The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yixing_%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_727_">The Astronomical Innovations of Monk Yixing 一行 (673-727)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Religions</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Chinese monk Yixing 一行 (673–727) is unique in being an early architect of the Mantrayāna trad...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Chinese monk Yixing 一行 (673–727) is unique in being an early architect of the Mantrayāna tradition (Esoteric Buddhism) in East Asia in addition to featuring as a significant individual within the history of astronomy and calendrical science in China. His legacy in the Buddhist world is well known, but the enduring appreciation of his scientific work in later centuries is less understood. The present paper will document the achievements of Yixing’s work in astronomy while also discussing the perception and appreciation of his work in subsequent centuries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0fd0e8e4c475679c3eeaa4a7742c6cb6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87472766,"asset_id":81425351,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87472766/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81425351"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81425351"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81425351; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81425351]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81425351]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81425351; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='81425351']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0fd0e8e4c475679c3eeaa4a7742c6cb6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=81425351]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":81425351,"title":"The Astronomical Innovations of Monk Yixing 一行 (673-727)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81425351/The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yixing_%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_727_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"WlJFSWUzRXN3MnFrNEF6cngvdXBrL2JkSStDK1dpbFk1dzU1V09uVmdCVT0tLWppNEtwekRpSnZLUTJHcEhMZ0hCSkE9PQ==--b28a936af222b9e86032612220fac23717984777"},"attachments":[{"id":87472766,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87472766/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yixing_一行_673_727_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87472766/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yix.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87472766/The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yixing_%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_727_-libre.pdf?1655168356=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yix.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=GsXE2leZLLjefYHB5zAuV6odUgXEiOz7Z2EfQZEIB9Npx60SQ5mELat0w5999toRhmGC5Ggc5VMN9lcsftCAESfymo4e5hzdcJNJYiRYl4ugXXMiEE4uP~sLRr7SS~Mpa2bo~3DI7-QArR5jX5Skp5SmrH4kbdCAVmGi0QwS2ucCqK7hlB0v9187pRH5eoilef-wolOers~xo2SxZmqeXXENuK6~kYSbTDOTRQkIApjRXEhj6anWJcW7S2Q6bt-~gRT7Pw7v~ljmi17Atj2DfxWSUrZ~1ArKjrxfmLkIOS5YwNBTNA7HMsGm0mFiP8ASaLHRdpCapnUsgs9Wg4NRDw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79842910"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79842910/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86421470/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79842910/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations">Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Religions</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examines the use, adaptation, modification and omission of astronomical and calendrica...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examines the use, adaptation, modification and omission of astronomical and calendrical elements in early Japanese Mikkyō (ninth century) in large part from the perspective of exact sciences. Shingon and Tendai inherited a Sinicized system of Indian astrology from their respective beginnings, but the significance of this fact in the study of Japanese religions is underrecognized despite the reality that astrology was both studied and technically required in Mikkyō. This study will examine how Mikkyō negotiated the demand for orthopraxical use of Indian models with the contingent realities of only possessing in practice a Chinese calendar and system of observational astronomy. Japanese monks were compelled to observe Indian astrology according to their own scriptures, which by extension necessitated knowledge of Indian astronomy, but substitutions and omissions had to be made in the absence of the required resources and knowledge.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="49bce897ae037b2dca6a167c95ebac04" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86421470,"asset_id":79842910,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86421470/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79842910"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79842910"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79842910; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79842910]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79842910]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79842910; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79842910']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "49bce897ae037b2dca6a167c95ebac04" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79842910]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79842910,"title":"Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79842910/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"U0ZCSUpzTVUrOFhRNUp4ZklDVjdUZFAxS1Ztc3dRZGVraWVBeVFNWDY0cz0tLWFVaHVuOS91WDNTdHhkSkVrRWJpZFE9PQ==--b2ac3221ba39a5c190614c9b1a0f1573710373d2"},"attachments":[{"id":86421470,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86421470/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikkyo_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations_KOTYK_Jeffrey_2022.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86421470/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86421470/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikkyo_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations_KOTYK_Jeffrey_2022-libre.pdf?1653417202=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAstronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=ZiOHMiypzyu9ieL66l8XY4Z7Wgm4aIDqlRzvkEY9dGTcf2Su~2T~ldlJyuZO12-az8oItF5PJW8GSceky-ThsDBLXBhDr1A30uMKmE3bwzlJO4XjA-K6~Noc8ttGWZ1rbpCMHTcbit4Pvl1f7V3U3cAkfHF7kzYdA03VxM1ya09WVm7GdyWa49YRH4-zsQ11SRddJcLbnVGdvBsiL-tOxuIURf~ZaXOwz85bp4Uwbi5eV4D0Jhe7vhmuvW4F9ymz5cv24lhyyrIAP7ITrQrnLDgx-nFikHfuIJM~0tj2rvQ2gGfv6xCVAqFZwo0A8gwhaXrD3q5v8ShG3m-t4lC8bQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78276911"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78276911/The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_Asia_China_and_Japan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Study of Sanskrit in Medieval East Asia: China and Japan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85380406/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78276911/The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_Asia_China_and_Japan">The Study of Sanskrit in Medieval East Asia: China and Japan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper explores the historical study of the Sanskrit language and its related systems of writ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper explores the historical study of the Sanskrit language and its related systems of writing in ancient and medieval East Asia. It is argued that the varied availability of teachers and manuals in different time periods and environments led to uneven studies of Sanskrit in different generations. In some cases, we can point to significant understanding of Sanskrit in the writings of some monks. Although some monks had direct access to Indian teachers, the majority of students never had this opportunity, and instead relied on resources in Chinese, which primarily included word lists, rather than grammars. There is evidence for the systematic study of Sanskrit grammar, but this was apparently limited in time and faced a number of challenges. The script of Siddhaṃ became widely studied as a sacred system of writing, but I argue that this did not necessitate the learning of Sanskrit grammar.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="565d28f634fed3c90300ba73a03d24f8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85380406,"asset_id":78276911,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85380406/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78276911"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78276911"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78276911; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78276911]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78276911]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78276911; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78276911']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "565d28f634fed3c90300ba73a03d24f8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78276911]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78276911,"title":"The Study of Sanskrit in Medieval East Asia: China and Japan","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78276911/The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_Asia_China_and_Japan","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"N3FrTERzZVBQalB6SXpFYUovUnJwZ1AvclIrL3RPU29XYWhsZ2gzWFkvUT0tLS9JbmFmdlFLUEJrRjVrUVVJU2JuVHc9PQ==--51e0e7e23aeb868fe42764df3d5ff97b40a4f927"},"attachments":[{"id":85380406,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85380406/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_Asia_China_and_Japan_KOTYK_Jeffrey.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85380406/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_A.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/85380406/The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_Asia_China_and_Japan_KOTYK_Jeffrey-libre.pdf?1651545945=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_A.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=LuEnDK5PTySZBDEo-DdvtSmsV~r9J72K8bGxp5wnCbkGMNpYhCKGQZkdCkd5PlpNCEqFL-P9DQbzczzitRdfJASMw4anUDWJ0PbW~8fRgI-Q8xSXI7IZ2Jltm38yLpKYpsCxKMJOGTxFN1ucInoGuvNJNUXvCZG6yR3ywEkYrf1~-1Ldx1M5thbMXXNqkeDZ1VbFi6lkrSJXnELttT9kpfGCPhGpyHi0vCZrG-rluVohVjEqit5IgKmzjpZMB7Nc~6Pub1xf4jR6mH29ek1pUjYfXuAQL0Mf5Kw1B5T2XfMLTNRpZ9xSqhIY1Pm6-slqFNfMPVtdhpVy4UDDbyxq6g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="56623339"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/56623339/On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_%C4%81nx%C4%AB_xi%C4%81ng_%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E6%82%89%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%A6%99_in_Medieval_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On the Identification and Use of ānxī-xiāng 安息香/安悉香/安西香 in Medieval China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/71918296/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/56623339/On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_%C4%81nx%C4%AB_xi%C4%81ng_%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E6%82%89%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%A6%99_in_Medieval_China">On the Identification and Use of ānxī-xiāng 安息香/安悉香/安西香 in Medieval China</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2020. “On the Identification and Use of ānxī-xiāng 安息香/安悉香/安西香 in Medieval China....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2020. “On the Identification and Use of ānxī-xiāng 安息香/安悉香/安西香 in Medieval China.” In Quaderni di Studi Indo-Mediterranei XII: FOR THE CENTENNIAL OF BERTHOLD LAUFER’S CLASSIC SINO-IRANICA (1919), Sino-Iranica’s Centennial, Between East and West, Exchanges of Material and Ideational Culture, edited by Ephraim Nissan, 519–526. Milano: Mimemsis Edizioni.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5fd85bc8feb772659ed398130dc0350a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":71918296,"asset_id":56623339,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71918296/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="56623339"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56623339"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56623339; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56623339]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56623339]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56623339; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='56623339']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5fd85bc8feb772659ed398130dc0350a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=56623339]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":56623339,"title":"On the Identification and Use of ānxī-xiāng 安息香/安悉香/安西香 in Medieval China","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56623339/On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_%C4%81nx%C4%AB_xi%C4%81ng_%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E6%82%89%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%A6%99_in_Medieval_China","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"TjJOcEg1cXVnT3FxTmNLYnFtYnFta2svUUQxZ2ZtOEMzMURSUllUOXVlcz0tLUIzays0cnFOWk1RT0kzQ0I4a1VlYkE9PQ==--6f5019b8030d7fc2d322d6e9018d9f1cc2db48b7"},"attachments":[{"id":71918296,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/71918296/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_anxi_xiang_安息香安悉香安西香_in_Medieva.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71918296/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_anxi_xi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/71918296/On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_anxi_xiang_%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E9%A6%99%E5%AE%89%E6%82%89%E9%A6%99%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%A6%99_in_Medieval_China_Jeffrey_Kotyk-libre.pdf?1634007251=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_the_Identification_and_Use_of_anxi_xi.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=H4e4WXatjftVzdo3VdiBu0E~PQxMwh9mAUj3vLUf7IiRgsrfE49NhZF6uOjK4F0U~YRoRZ4yL8HD9wfDRUArytEGr12q-WYU9Q2MTMAMBJSHx8uzOM4HS~hlIRtW1jgCRD1gcgv~IKEiy36grDS2YBo0QGX1MPPmx6GdzTI8XP8SXS7QUfv5jMPo6iEqcTxB1vzsB-d1BAfOA2mFgU595B4MlXpegSduHvMT73iCUnImaFNLf6qx4DxAD7kbXUN~Q5WL7Vm-oPb3NYaWgv3aKWWIwOcU-JuDssp--TpY6LcrQMTTKDLisdYNTlyp1bSo0C~xBqG3assPEXjFDCOACA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="50477547"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/50477547/%E6%BC%A2%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%92_%E3%82%BF_%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AB%96%E3%81%A8_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B5%8C_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 漢訳アビダルマにおける宇宙論と『宿曜経』" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68449315/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/50477547/%E6%BC%A2%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%92_%E3%82%BF_%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AB%96%E3%81%A8_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B5%8C_">漢訳アビダルマにおける宇宙論と『宿曜経』</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>対法雑誌</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2021. “Kanyaku Abidaruma ni okeru uchūron to Sukuyōkyō” 漢訳アビダルマにおける宇宙論と『宿曜経』[Cosm...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2021. “Kanyaku Abidaruma ni okeru uchūron to Sukuyōkyō” 漢訳アビダルマにおける宇宙論と『宿曜経』[Cosmology in Abhidharma Literature in Chinese Translation and the Xiuyao jing]. Taihō zasshi 対法雑誌 (The Journal of Abhidharma Studies) 2: 101-108.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7345d21495d8cac519f4a1c9e9b781d5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68449315,"asset_id":50477547,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68449315/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="50477547"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50477547"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50477547; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50477547]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50477547]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50477547; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='50477547']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7345d21495d8cac519f4a1c9e9b781d5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=50477547]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":50477547,"title":"漢訳アビダルマにおける宇宙論と『宿曜経』","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50477547/%E6%BC%A2%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%92_%E3%82%BF_%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AB%96%E3%81%A8_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B5%8C_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"WjRPNW84T1dReFpyZ2Vzb0tQVVhsS0EvTlA3Vm1KQUlBc1pzalMvZm1Ndz0tLVllelZ3bmwxKzJycXBDczNZSzl3RWc9PQ==--282c52a2578e0d21316996cd84f8673e53781009"},"attachments":[{"id":68449315,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68449315/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"漢訳アヒタルマにおける宇宙論と_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68449315/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"68449315.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/68449315/%E6%BC%A2%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%92%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AB%96%E3%81%A8_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B5%8C_Jeffrey_Kotyk-libre.pdf?1627793223=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D68449315.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=OwHE3PHizG0Uu5WDgTsUHS81FZDDbg88nTc5nQCkfl4JW0kPZg9ssVHRiGwGD9cRik~N8MxtALUJmVQAN5ZnBTDORG6ey~hsrzUGz8Y1-jcu2UTtP0NkEgQkqjv~qGjp2E98CoRvwNnRDfQifGLg2QpIwMNkqKqhAX77joa-6ylIV~nB~hukEAbUTQ6KoyofAsJrrPiL6ds7gg7IFPOoulBI1F~80YN4jtI0QRLDv0-j5i4d17HCVEnyo1OhS4wWh~wDD3k6PpfFd3aGTumdP3Ur3CAwBkKq9p3IJJi2TXOi1MwfgQDZVgRqhCyaHVaNKALdw0kMKLfNw2KkqXHdBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="47732453"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/47732453/Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Milk, Yogurt and Butter in Medieval East Asia: Dairy Products from China to Japan in Medicine and Buddhism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66681142/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/47732453/Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism">Milk, Yogurt and Butter in Medieval East Asia: Dairy Products from China to Japan in Medicine and Buddhism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Religions</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dairy products have existed in China from at least the Han Dynasty onward. Later, under the influ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dairy products have existed in China from at least the Han Dynasty onward. Later, under the influence of Buddhism, dairy items such as yogurt, butter and ghee were required for ritual purposes. The domestic dairy industry in medieval China is an understudied topic, but even more so is the use of dairy in contemporary Japan, where Chinese traditions of Buddhism were transplanted in full. The kanji describing various dairy products were also known in Japan, but we must ask whether these substances were available in Japan, and to what extent. Unlike luxury consumables such as aromatics and medicines, perishable foodstuffs were unlikely to have been transported from the mainland. This study will document and discuss the transmission of a dairy industry from China to Japan, with a focus on the role of these products in religious and medical contexts.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/5/302" rel="nofollow">https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/5/302</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1faed654eb466689d2d4862c19a4b379" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66681142,"asset_id":47732453,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66681142/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="47732453"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47732453"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47732453; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47732453]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47732453]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47732453; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='47732453']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1faed654eb466689d2d4862c19a4b379" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=47732453]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":47732453,"title":"Milk, Yogurt and Butter in Medieval East Asia: Dairy Products from China to Japan in Medicine and Buddhism","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47732453/Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"S1ZWT0hxRUFmeFJCemJSa2JyV0NBNGF6OUI0WjFZOS9LTjArcnZGMjBJcz0tLW50dDJLS2RWMVhqWExHRVlaZk12NWc9PQ==--d216ecf87c70f71a19d1e7d81c0a9d81a723c2f0"},"attachments":[{"id":66681142,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66681142/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism_J_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66681142/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/66681142/Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism_J_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1619407818=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMilk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=MMB58ZHa7BsToQ4eJc2CjK~VGXY3q2KdhQ~A7mrYJ4Wx6gQi3GHZKz-IzmiRzTCW9XYLddy-Yv71rHOYfXLdSBiHnpOTef0bEBjYpH7udgV75KXItLg9cmWi8KSqtd-ooQ4Ayf1jby0lmx~FzroAGw0oEK4ZHTUe67x8apBW1-mzH5~GdhYhvj8ADY5Ce9OYqPO~mcfU8y68ezkagGzhgW-3t78n9YkoEct9csERIz8ed2W6Yb-RK1eQc8M18DPAHznuDgolVdUr6RanC2VNF1HMAxWH4Np74-QGiI9bRLPBspygpljaOfKHefMVVu2vtBsLramFzFKP06ciUOIv6g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44451873"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44451873/Chinese_State_and_Buddhist_Historical_Sources_on_Xuanzang_Historicity_and_the_Daci_en_si_sanzang_fashi_zhuan_%E5%A4%A7%E6%85%88%E6%81%A9%E5%AF%BA%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB%E5%82%B3"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64874404/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44451873/Chinese_State_and_Buddhist_Historical_Sources_on_Xuanzang_Historicity_and_the_Daci_en_si_sanzang_fashi_zhuan_%E5%A4%A7%E6%85%88%E6%81%A9%E5%AF%BA%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB%E5%82%B3">Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2020. “Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2020. “Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳.” In From Chang’an to Nālandā: The Life and Legacy of the Chinese Buddhist Monk Xuanzang (602?–664), eds. Shi Ciguang, Chen Jinhua, Ji Yu and Shi Xingding, 270–310. Singapore: World Scholastic Publishers. Republication of 2019 article in T’oung Pao.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="39529c444e39dfc1b2a662475f9a7cae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64874404,"asset_id":44451873,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64874404/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44451873"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44451873"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44451873; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44451873]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44451873]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44451873; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44451873']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "39529c444e39dfc1b2a662475f9a7cae" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44451873]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44451873,"title":"Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44451873/Chinese_State_and_Buddhist_Historical_Sources_on_Xuanzang_Historicity_and_the_Daci_en_si_sanzang_fashi_zhuan_%E5%A4%A7%E6%85%88%E6%81%A9%E5%AF%BA%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB%E5%82%B3","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"bnlvcml0SlhIQzM4anMyRTYzTnpCVWs2QnhSZ0ozUkt2b1dFSHBJbHNabz0tLW84bCtQM0tNeVVxVkNQcU9kTmFEbnc9PQ==--b21b5f84bb2f5d27de89bb043d9f15f044baa1d8"},"attachments":[{"id":64874404,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64874404/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kotyk_xuanzang_Reprint_in_From_Chang_an_to_Nalanda.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64874404/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chinese_State_and_Buddhist_Historical_So.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64874404/Kotyk_xuanzang_Reprint_in_From_Chang_an_to_Nalanda-libre.pdf?1604772243=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChinese_State_and_Buddhist_Historical_So.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=gNv3yDmegt7ihvnmn5s80KkpyuhCYc-GuCNHb-t3TVJtmOewJivlHDoQ~nmCZ6zbltV8dvBcBA7vRtMtniA5y0a1kBn0xlVN0fQvMhPgG36xlfVSDoNQsAmZHg6J3I02tgNGTu0raGHP0ZTpUiYG51ToeLbKARX-hrtBi12yYlIMzxQiCsY~xgwxz6AmghVqf~J7C0eUgTBsL9Mz~Oy6UdWpKTWkBxOcKsQc6-Rv30LsPn143znoD09Zlq33mWGh9~YPad9GpowUXGzlhBqbB3NEgn43QDmO~GEglbsi9JAFGtAXUR~cGdJ8ltO8TrR7Si5mCpmEi-Hr7eTdmXgZSQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42811456"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42811456/Yixing%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_683_727_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Yixing一行 (673/683–727), Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63041384/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42811456/Yixing%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_683_727_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II">Yixing一行 (673/683–727), Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="51e8951f3a26bcee3fac1aa378e2d409" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63041384,"asset_id":42811456,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63041384/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42811456"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42811456"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42811456; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42811456]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42811456]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42811456; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42811456']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "51e8951f3a26bcee3fac1aa378e2d409" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42811456]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42811456,"title":"Yixing一行 (673/683–727), Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42811456/Yixing%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_683_727_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"Q1N4bWVPbm0vWFU2K05GS2Z6MmZOVnhoaW5YemZGano4dERaRDBtK1l2VT0tLXB0RERvRGF5V3l6VmhuZzBsOWQ1V3c9PQ==--c91062df27b7acdfd25147780451b87907770124"},"attachments":[{"id":63041384,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63041384/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BEB_Kotyk_Yixing20200421-72606-1i3r874.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63041384/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Yixing_673_683_727_Brills_Encyclopedia.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63041384/BEB_Kotyk_Yixing20200421-72606-1i3r874-libre.pdf?1587496569=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DYixing_673_683_727_Brills_Encyclopedia.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=RkjkuFi4MitbbMs-Y6Ej3iI0NWxiieDjLtbMr4CKNsB8~xEHiq0BeU0J4l7U-o22Z3F466a5IdBoio9tkg~1p53hDCv-LZTg3kqVTT0lPSFlbc0c3UWtprhxTP0HPu1qJKU3Oe1npH6qQncYo-tj519jVLWy6ZZ04aN9SaPrnwe2Mo6iXJ0Ru7~Clx8jMUZcDbLemjbxVzQ8DqcylHIakFvJuP2deIXlFdW~QRdE-GwiiINaDOsw~MAZ4zXGxsOtJZ9u5b2p~d-MgRY6t8b9nVmMRrQrQsaKiryH2fTemj~aIqAbghYjdu2pn9pcatFoR5M3zyt8bHmrC-h6281d5A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42811423"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42811423/Tejaprabh%C4%81_Buddha_%E7%86%BE%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%89%E4%BD%9B_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tejaprabhā Buddha 熾盛光佛, Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63041349/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42811423/Tejaprabh%C4%81_Buddha_%E7%86%BE%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%89%E4%BD%9B_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II">Tejaprabhā Buddha 熾盛光佛, Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="735ebe1e3bf12b668033e1a45fb0633b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63041349,"asset_id":42811423,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63041349/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42811423"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42811423"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42811423; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42811423]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42811423]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42811423; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42811423']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "735ebe1e3bf12b668033e1a45fb0633b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42811423]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42811423,"title":"Tejaprabhā Buddha 熾盛光佛, Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42811423/Tejaprabh%C4%81_Buddha_%E7%86%BE%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%89%E4%BD%9B_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"M2FSTmpWV0xPWTQ2dFIxV3I1S2FnRnVJTC8ycXY4d0UwbHZIQ2tzcFV5TT0tLTZQQ01YZjR3TEZaTlFtOTQwcXNXTVE9PQ==--45594d1123b0eb8af721d881dd5fec5c74996d43"},"attachments":[{"id":63041349,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63041349/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BEB_Kotyk_Tejaprabha20200421-16962-1lx376r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63041349/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tejaprabha_Buddha__Brills_Encycloped.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63041349/BEB_Kotyk_Tejaprabha20200421-16962-1lx376r-libre.pdf?1587496105=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTejaprabha_Buddha__Brills_Encycloped.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=Kr4dap2ljyOv5jHxPqy4q-ZuqQGwMX5rrDiuuctuRMYbLVTHSnrC84qFzE0JK8fch9Ngp5FVS9xlBam0X4QzgAsuxGvBmU7UT9qzEHi7IK0BUNHc~CQzWPyL1gTDwL8aHWqpm2JBJwSF6CFEgcPghWdOYDizMwlpEI98SXPadMC2bSLR9B5uGGCi8yhXW0Yc5keOCmJQ6yqgBTBRjI28-UMR~rhspnIQPda9jF3qak0wjotxjhJG6IAjoioS-UiBtmhBRpDpbjA9dosHVcQVO4nRYWFXHwrfdKyUf-8Z904qhEXCKKZYf7DO~6wANhl5-Qsh2JC00ntJgqQDbG9f3w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38875166"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38875166/Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddhism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Astrological Determinism in Indian Buddhism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58971725/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38875166/Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddhism">Astrological Determinism in Indian Buddhism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study surveys the presence of astrological determinism (i.e., the belief that celestial bodi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study surveys the presence of astrological determinism (i.e., the belief that celestial bodies influence or signal fated developments) within Indian Buddhism, from early literature until late-Tantra, in which passive belief in astrology is more often expected than rejected. It is argued that a tradition of ‘Buddhist astrology’ did, in fact, exist with a clear evolution over time. This demonstrates that many Buddhists were comfortable with astrology alongside a belief in karma. The increasing incorporation of astrological elements into Buddhist texts also reflects the growing appreciation of astrology in Indian culture over the course of the first millennium CE.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="12b3478f1a0b4b5b9220a2b06eeb34d9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58971725,"asset_id":38875166,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58971725/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38875166"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38875166"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38875166; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38875166]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38875166]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38875166; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38875166']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "12b3478f1a0b4b5b9220a2b06eeb34d9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38875166]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38875166,"title":"Astrological Determinism in Indian Buddhism","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38875166/Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddhism","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"ZGpHeFBPT3ZNNUk0YTNXSEp2TFVqYlJvd3lNSThQMVN6SCtUa1lKN1FYOD0tLWptdjV4dEEvTGVNQ05QaVUwd2hQNEE9PQ==--bb118143d47d708a4be93b71216823f7a1083443"},"attachments":[{"id":58971725,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58971725/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddhism_Jeffrey_Kotyk20190420-3765-9lxon6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58971725/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddh.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58971725/Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddhism_Jeffrey_Kotyk20190420-3765-9lxon6-libre.pdf?1555809363=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAstrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddh.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=OIUdP1SOj9qORF9Ibb2gIgfGyvNy35AK5tcQbKguCjxDOrokHzviJ2TZYzi9XNRwcVLxVhHUUAs3iqYLIkBonQuj-5UwFMj0Hdp3-ewqTgOVhP0HcoE2f2f4Jn-7hPUU25zTgPAqaen0bb42r4v7sFdpwVMGm4tAhJx6OwHJkU4ZVM5aCtYgpgoMm2q0nwCHf1fK8lP4gpRNNUMa930sBssv1Jg~gF0zc~mLaLlVp7BGr3~s9JDehi7ItNgBYuAmTyOd~VA-0o1puxpQlK~v0K75efu2nEc1RHMJX0ZtBM1VrdstY0fwy5FZMsY~FQzBnhUBB2gIf1EKMjUqwPt1ig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38752032"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38752032/Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in_Mikky%C5%8D_Astrological_Art"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Research Note on Brahmanical Deities in Mikkyō Astrological Art" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58839985/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38752032/Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in_Mikky%C5%8D_Astrological_Art">Research Note on Brahmanical Deities in Mikkyō Astrological Art</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Asian Humanities at Kyushu University</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Discussion of astrological icons in Mikkyō star maṇḍalas (hoshi mandara 星曼荼羅) and other relevant ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Discussion of astrological icons in Mikkyō star maṇḍalas (hoshi mandara 星曼荼羅) and other relevant specimens. This study also dates the New York MET star maṇḍala based on the configuration of the planets in relation to the zodiac signs depicted therein.<br /><br />Kotyk, Jeffrey. "Research Note on Brahmanical Deities in Mikkyō Astrological Art." Journal of Asian Humanities at Kyushu University 4 (2019): 101–108.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="406e4569cad113f55f8e56e17978c3cf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58839985,"asset_id":38752032,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58839985/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38752032"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38752032"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38752032; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38752032]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38752032]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38752032; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38752032']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "406e4569cad113f55f8e56e17978c3cf" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38752032]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38752032,"title":"Research Note on Brahmanical Deities in Mikkyō Astrological Art","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38752032/Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in_Mikky%C5%8D_Astrological_Art","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"Y2JrSldjODBsYnJKSG4vVGZOVXgySkJDalpHQjNIeHZjbyt2VXM0bWoyRT0tLW9KSlhKQTNuZFVYUlZ5Z0piS0xPa1E9PQ==--a6cf7ccc6e4f8e65ec785219a26d4440f353b9e2"},"attachments":[{"id":58839985,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58839985/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kotyk__Jeffrey._Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in_Mikkyo_Astrological_Art..pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58839985/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58839985/Kotyk__Jeffrey._Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in_Mikkyo_Astrological_Art.-libre.pdf?1554840522=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DResearch_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=SJZLTY4k1UUJaRtOqPlcRBglWId1YdH8w4SkSWq0kM4NgHJciuXjnK79P-U9srqeorwTeUC1ElWFcsrRJsFHSpFKuMeiUCA3egjXkAXwV8dZLy~Dk-tDsIwxKVbR2jhuGCMtVlZ~RtopKXZtknRt-cS~uYvyjrAq2Q30a3m0b6WVlygtJBJHCn7yxS0pSZsv1cRyi16zi7T0NiB97T0rRHwUZ6rvtRZeaKIEPdnVurUzRKqInnW-53Fn7sUhB-0x3P55wPnLtmp6B3LTAp4wr4xIMd4nCNwX~raCGJ6qGf9s9zONljUx8~8a3b2YZC8G2EY2PKP-GimGLHrDoKHz2A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37502869"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37502869/The_Sinicization_of_Indo_Iranian_Astrology_in_Medieval_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Sinicization of Indo-Iranian Astrology in Medieval China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57474087/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37502869/The_Sinicization_of_Indo_Iranian_Astrology_in_Medieval_China">The Sinicization of Indo-Iranian Astrology in Medieval China</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study explores the introduction and development of foreign systems of astrology in medieval ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study explores the introduction and development of foreign systems of astrology in medieval China (Tang to Ming periods), in particular the practice of horoscopy, and how such models were implemented within a Chinese astronomical framework. It is argued that the basic character of such horoscopy was in large part Dorothean, rather than Ptolemaic. It is furthermore demonstrated that Chinese horoscopy was as much an heir to Persian systems of horoscopy as was the Islamicate, a point that has yet to be recognized. The paper also demonstrates the enduring impact of horoscopy within the culture of Chinese divination.<br /><br />“The Sinicization of Indo-Iranian Astrology in Medieval China.” Sino-Platonic Papers 282 (2018): 1–95.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d646ee5ba3cab5685766239a70261ba5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57474087,"asset_id":37502869,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57474087/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37502869"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37502869"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37502869; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37502869]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37502869]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37502869; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37502869']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d646ee5ba3cab5685766239a70261ba5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37502869]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37502869,"title":"The Sinicization of Indo-Iranian Astrology in Medieval China","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37502869/The_Sinicization_of_Indo_Iranian_Astrology_in_Medieval_China","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"YXRPc0oybnFhcVorV2V1UkQwRitzaXVQd1N0aUZvcGJNalFVRjIvTlBXZz0tLXV2bkFqaytGMThSRXM5bUh4UUlBVUE9PQ==--804322ee04f1124410e14db6c62c7c5e9e6b465c"},"attachments":[{"id":57474087,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57474087/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"spp282_Indo-Iranian_Astrology_China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57474087/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Sinicization_of_Indo_Iranian_Astrolo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57474087/spp282_Indo-Iranian_Astrology_China-libre.pdf?1538316163=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Sinicization_of_Indo_Iranian_Astrolo.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=D10nbMWmDPc0HF7ndMWW7wKyVSxj6WlkOHTxOopjJsvi5EvxaOF7~6Ytu6Ky0TefCiZZwtlHde0SymDSjFhhs4qfxVC4fIfjpr4BsAE5KZ1zw-Vx1nWMyCzYhgksP7UKv8ZsDjmjTmSOddXqyx83nElun7cKdzwbY4qMea~9GgOrXZZsx8rnkPDLYQWibKLBau~fHUVUOlZ0XCAVUAOHQa5jGlL0T7jwAneZ3gp95WOWdeV~rqgJvjjQrD46Fcf6mVbMuSc8VldGq998Mx-~igMxVA2u4eS82s34AX14uPJZEMj0L7l4UfDp1vbr1sbzFSZT64l66pbFt-cUtCMRYQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37140929"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37140929/Yixing_and_Pseudo_Yixing_a_Misunderstood_Astronomer_Monk"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Yixing and Pseudo-Yixing: a Misunderstood Astronomer-Monk" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57091233/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37140929/Yixing_and_Pseudo_Yixing_a_Misunderstood_Astronomer_Monk">Yixing and Pseudo-Yixing: a Misunderstood Astronomer-Monk</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kotyk, Jeffrey. “Yixing and Pseudo-Yixing: a Misunderstood Astronomer-Monk.” Journal of Chinese B...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kotyk, Jeffrey. “Yixing and Pseudo-Yixing: a Misunderstood Astronomer-Monk.” Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies 31 (2018): 1–37.<br /><br />The present study argues that we must differentiate between the historical Yixing (673–727), an eminent Chinese monk, and the later legend that developed: a pseudo-Yixing, to whom various texts incorporating elements of astral magic and astrology were attributed. Scholars have not adequately differentiated between the historical Yixing and the later fictionalized figure, resulting in misunderstandings about the evolution of Buddhist astrology in China, and more specifically Yixing's role within it, in addition to the chronology of Buddho-Daoist interactions. This corrective study examines some Buddhist texts attributed to Yixing and proves that they are all products of the ninth-century.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bb8ee389e508e5a29b23b537f74eeb83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57091233,"asset_id":37140929,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57091233/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37140929"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37140929"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37140929; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37140929]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37140929]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37140929; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37140929']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bb8ee389e508e5a29b23b537f74eeb83" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37140929]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37140929,"title":"Yixing and Pseudo-Yixing: a Misunderstood Astronomer-Monk","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37140929/Yixing_and_Pseudo_Yixing_a_Misunderstood_Astronomer_Monk","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"ZmNoUkx5YTNoSGdEaHVFY01lbW1raTFPV2wvVmQ0TmNZaUh3UUp1c0NnUT0tLWk5VUVzVlVQQldPejlFUnNXV21DQlE9PQ==--fb25bc73dcf2c834290ba60c63603daccd8eb5d6"},"attachments":[{"id":57091233,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57091233/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"jcbs3101_Kotyk1-37.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57091233/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Yixing_and_Pseudo_Yixing_a_Misunderstood.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57091233/jcbs3101_Kotyk1-37-libre.pdf?1532819908=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DYixing_and_Pseudo_Yixing_a_Misunderstood.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=WLE6N5gXsuU4btSza0VS017fNpjS8vYT4f9SuCkTxxpUFcBFYrYEK~UzEXddwqtQGal8h3NpIr4qyIxmR0vhsgPPKfdHGG9b-~GXe~suD3pe~QwSHAGPMTWSW-LS1G4AoVRj2K-SlKCWQz0tIIVTj9eLL1rB2CO309laQZZG6Z5oE3kMeKhwsS2y-7-YMowmv2-sST5g8Hlh18LJvZn9ZZ83tfZo00qx~Fzm4UJkx14~EgZdZjUZfKsM~CeVch6D8JjjPuACGqfCYkckoZqVuPcOsHoTDyyeL3U6tjKgG2NSjNkIf~~DjUCoh5HAV~dEreP4aMPjEedVEQz5wrjx3A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36828805"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36828805/Japanese_Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_Mikky%C5%8D_and_Sukuy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Japanese Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic: Mikkyō and Sukuyōdō" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56780578/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36828805/Japanese_Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_Mikky%C5%8D_and_Sukuy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D">Japanese Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic: Mikkyō and Sukuyōdō</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study investigates the sources of Japanese Buddhist astrology and astral magic while also ex...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study investigates the sources of Japanese Buddhist astrology and astral magic while also examining their later developments, arguing that a significant amount of such arts actually originated in the Near East. Two types of Buddhist astrology are identified: “Mikkyō Astrology,” which was primarily used to determine auspicious days for rituals in Shingon and Tendai, and Sukuyōdō, the sole Japanese tradition to practice horoscopy. The role of astral magic within these Buddhist traditions is furthermore examined, with a particular focus on the Japanese reception of icons that in large part originated from Iranian sources that had been earlier received in Tang China. Finally, this study attempts to demonstrate the larger cultural significance of Buddhist astrology in medieval Japanese society.<br /><br />Kotyk, Jeffrey. "Japanese Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic: Mikkyō and Sukuyōdō." Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 45, no. 1 (2018): 37-86.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="90bbf24b33d322ab0e89432c8f636760" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56780578,"asset_id":36828805,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56780578/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36828805"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36828805"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36828805; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36828805]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36828805]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36828805; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36828805']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "90bbf24b33d322ab0e89432c8f636760" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36828805]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36828805,"title":"Japanese Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic: Mikkyō and Sukuyōdō","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36828805/Japanese_Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_Mikky%C5%8D_and_Sukuy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"RVMwMVdnSXpoRGdhcDByZ002N2E5eHk1UUVQS3ZYMEQ2by9FajQ5M29ZRT0tLThBZDBTTmc4OGd3NVEzK0dvQzhMQVE9PQ==--a6f5298b7bd3cdf1120fdf71384eca07e78a941d"},"attachments":[{"id":56780578,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56780578/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"JJRS_45-1_Kotyk-min.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56780578/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Japanese_Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_M.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56780578/JJRS_45-1_Kotyk-min-libre.pdf?1528803738=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJapanese_Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_M.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=VyrgEU6LaBS0LhBFGeC3WUdAeWfeRrYVgfAd2meZE4ZFK0ebRQOMIhhA83O4V~M~z-0czoS-W3azwiQKahU90-DaiW5TEhsQ6DUtLFEmi9i00RVXPyUuZfIRB6bAl9yvLBqiVPyiQa8WpmIXJzzgI2nIAk5ahsc6lwDNkBN95jZlISFSOQvnsK8nAy0g8N7FNJIVsVQrdZ-szrHan1e0--gRWV-QluFMJWk4k7CHO1nh4uXq7d1U5hOW4Iqr56j9~wXKEvfP-pt9ttuO~NcQcz1sNCV9UEU1CwBMxYKioKOEQLwwMVlrKtALedtgVPPNfLFAE3CKG18~MJXVmKpWmw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36417209"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36417209/Early_Tantric_Hemerology_in_Chinese_Buddhism_Timing_of_Rituals_According_to_%C5%9Aubhakarasi%E1%B9%83ha_and_Yixing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Early Tantric Hemerology in Chinese Buddhism: Timing of Rituals According to Śubhakarasiṃha and Yixing" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56329810/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36417209/Early_Tantric_Hemerology_in_Chinese_Buddhism_Timing_of_Rituals_According_to_%C5%9Aubhakarasi%E1%B9%83ha_and_Yixing">Early Tantric Hemerology in Chinese Buddhism: Timing of Rituals According to Śubhakarasiṃha and Yixing</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examines the hemerology explained by Śubhakarasiṃha/ Shanwuwei 善無畏 (637–735) and Yixin...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examines the hemerology explained by Śubhakarasiṃha/ Shanwuwei 善無畏 (637–735) and Yixing 一行 (673/683–727) in their commentary on the Mahāvairocana-sūtra. It is argued that this section reflects the astrological interests of the early Tantric Buddhist tradition. It is furthermore pointed out that Yixing’s own astronomical ideas are incorporated into the explanation. The commentary’s limited details, however, would not have enabled a Chinese reader to determine auspicious times on their own without consulting a specialist in Indian astrology, a point which indicates that the commentary was produced for a court audience. <br /> <br />Kotyk, Jeffrey. “Early Tantric Hemerology in Chinese Buddhism: Timing of Rituals According to Śubhakarasiṃha and Yixing.” Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies 13 (2018): 1–29.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="54d3f996ee3595de2b7adeb1b1e69606" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56329810,"asset_id":36417209,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56329810/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36417209"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36417209"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36417209; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36417209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36417209]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36417209; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36417209']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "54d3f996ee3595de2b7adeb1b1e69606" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36417209]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36417209,"title":"Early Tantric Hemerology in Chinese Buddhism: Timing of Rituals According to Śubhakarasiṃha and Yixing","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36417209/Early_Tantric_Hemerology_in_Chinese_Buddhism_Timing_of_Rituals_According_to_%C5%9Aubhakarasi%E1%B9%83ha_and_Yixing","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"T1E4NnpWd0MxTXFkMjAyZEtlTFc0cjFBVGJEVGZOVlNKZzI1TlJRSE16ND0tLWRhdDc4WlM4ankyN1c2dkthYVo5M2c9PQ==--02761ee8967d82b69d52b5d720a856e789fd16a5"},"attachments":[{"id":56329810,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56329810/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kotyk_Jeffrey_Early-Tantric-Hemerology-in-Chinese-Buddhism_1-29-1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56329810/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Early_Tantric_Hemerology_in_Chinese_Budd.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56329810/Kotyk_Jeffrey_Early-Tantric-Hemerology-in-Chinese-Buddhism_1-29-1-libre.pdf?1523873225=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEarly_Tantric_Hemerology_in_Chinese_Budd.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=NjIHbQwz4NWQmYYtd2Gn5ToVeHh~mgnYjzKzgMPvE3rXSmp3b-yzHwueSbOAkv-0v05KGRZKJdBCYAnc41WvImWdcP9hDs1K8ABlHJupYaoyrFyUvV9yW9StltJa5oayRfTapcw2S-45Vr2kqXGGtx32hswJSqv6PbQG4W-Me492h5JipKZzCjZn1mHUeD7RLtEXZZth41mdGC2IIN9bv9QcwDFN9l0UiVe4AJfQxBf6QwAcVUFABReFN0UPLpN7yTIZhAEQQhAjNfdhPDLAKLlxUNivtXptByj4HaiBs~5AjY3lWFDEIrZPf5pUkvc3r5mRei5gw~4EutxFORZfoQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35484261"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35484261/Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_PhD_Dissertation_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic in the Tang Dynasty (PhD Dissertation)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55346969/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35484261/Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_PhD_Dissertation_">Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic in the Tang Dynasty (PhD Dissertation)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study surveys the introduction of astrology into East Asia with a primary focus on the Buddh...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study surveys the introduction of astrology into East Asia with a primary focus on the Buddhist experience of Indian and Iranian astrology during the eighth and ninth centuries. It is argued that prior to the introduction of Esoteric Buddhism during the 8th century, the Chinese sangha had no pressing need to observe astrology. However, following the rising popularity of Tantric rituals, which require proper timing according to non-Chinese astrological conventions, Chinese Buddhism took a deep interest in astrology. This in turn prompted a wider interest in astrology among Chinese elites, encouraging the translation of more foreign works on astrology, even outside of a Buddhist context. It is shown that around the year 800 there was a shift from Indian to Iranian sources of astrology, most likely as a result of ethnic Iranians working at court. Iranian astrology, which included a rich system of horoscopy rooted in the earlier Hellenistic tradition, prompted a booming popular interest in astrology. Buddhists subsequently took up practice of horoscopy for themselves. Chinese Buddhist astrology was then exported to neighboring countries, most notably Japan where it influenced medieval religious and court cultures.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4e32a58f2fd39c6a0c829b5925c7136c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55346969,"asset_id":35484261,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55346969/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35484261"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35484261"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35484261; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35484261]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35484261]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35484261; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35484261']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4e32a58f2fd39c6a0c829b5925c7136c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35484261]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35484261,"title":"Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic in the Tang Dynasty (PhD Dissertation)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35484261/Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_PhD_Dissertation_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"WUdEeW9zYWlNdjdPNWxlTmNXVFUvcVczMUU5emxQNXVZZWpSQk9NN3ZPND0tLTlRMUd2c2IxaWZjMFlPZ2hwbE9BWGc9PQ==--f143244442d25764c689294f941f32aeacfe5325"},"attachments":[{"id":55346969,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55346969/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"7._2017__PhD_Dissertation_Leiden_University__Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_Jeffrey_Kotyk.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55346969/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55346969/7._2017__PhD_Dissertation_Leiden_University__Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_Jeffrey_Kotyk-libre.pdf?1513854577=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBuddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=hRdDMsjH8~5QG26czLjaCnAp9FBgbLlazxwAXSABojCvMaVGX1zEE~mdpOSwj~ACCUoeyUZHNYbi-4xE2inVGzJp-kmclrQ2N8ZOXjlmW7fs6mlUqApm5rDAlUCju9y3~u~KxuxZks7OOpMEb-JKCSGmcfENplvTuHDWIT7SpjNOkQQYBjIcmIIIdx9AcHSOoqNpeqEPmbLde7DUKAnQyDmSuEhgwalV~eXbud2TSHhsMnzV6KN~Tl4V85diOziPv7cu3CyBBqTbqRaelaaMVX25HegdD7EtJTtOjMU3qnwe-hzdeNcFYvGOneLECKYHnKfaAbyc7q55q28OmNMQRA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34408763"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34408763/_Can_Monks_Practice_Astrology_Astrology_and_the_Vinaya_in_China_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of "Can Monks Practice Astrology? Astrology and the Vinaya in China."" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54289386/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34408763/_Can_Monks_Practice_Astrology_Astrology_and_the_Vinaya_in_China_">"Can Monks Practice Astrology? Astrology and the Vinaya in China."</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">“Can Monks Practice Astrology? Astrology and the Vinaya in China.” In Rules of Engagement: Medie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">“Can Monks Practice Astrology? Astrology and the Vinaya in China.” In Rules of Engagement: <br />Medieval Traditions of Buddhist Monastic Regulation, eds. Susan Andrews, Jinhua Chen and Cuilan Liu, 503–517. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press, 2017.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="34faa7125f126687193aede6a107ce00" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54289386,"asset_id":34408763,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54289386/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34408763"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34408763"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34408763; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34408763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34408763]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34408763; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34408763']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "34faa7125f126687193aede6a107ce00" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34408763]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34408763,"title":"\"Can Monks Practice Astrology? Astrology and the Vinaya in China.\"","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34408763/_Can_Monks_Practice_Astrology_Astrology_and_the_Vinaya_in_China_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"aU5UanJzNlpiNzlFVjFybzFQdVoxZjM2c0E1ZzJlVVpRY1ZYZlZRMXNDbz0tLUJkVVE5a3BrTE53b2JSYUpteXZGd3c9PQ==--f6d98caef2d8272adca7d0dac0e32b036f747a6e"},"attachments":[{"id":54289386,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54289386/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"j_kotyk_can_monks_practice_astrology_2017.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54289386/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Can_Monks_Practice_Astrology_Astrology.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54289386/j_kotyk_can_monks_practice_astrology_2017-libre.pdf?1504092596=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCan_Monks_Practice_Astrology_Astrology.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=F1QUfqHnlQiYJsbOBC5PE6vQyrgpr3akJg48GziXWMjlZ~MhHnii3LkciE8lBL1bIKL-66U9KRt4kpxCH~0ruN61T4sypCLSydm-w18Wba2dFMz-nZw2SzESwEiChfAceB4pZwsmOOY5NC8Jz-KDkC8oyvqwRsOOF3kWkHmbA2bmQ-MKtjC0dpYeJ8jzGfsrTgkqkM7XxuKTg0kdhGo5CivLd9dR4njlEdIO7~1MBDixGoRFCqy59xDKxjO11hgg69j5OvsH~uDEfMmp1wnxdr~y2VPuV9CRg3hssdQ-Uux47oLt2E9z4-dgqM~Tyg6D2og37WfFX-Rlwm6Dv6K1UA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33764505"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33764505/Iranian_Elements_in_Late_Tang_Buddhist_Astrology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Iranian Elements in Late-Tang Buddhist Astrology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53754215/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33764505/Iranian_Elements_in_Late_Tang_Buddhist_Astrology">Iranian Elements in Late-Tang Buddhist Astrology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Overview of the history of Chinese Buddhist astrology with a special focus on Iranian elements in...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Overview of the history of Chinese Buddhist astrology with a special focus on Iranian elements in the Qiyao rangzai jue 七曜攘災決. Kotyk, Jeffrey. "Iranian Elements in Late-Tang Buddhist Astrology." Asia Major 30, no. 1 (2017): 25-58.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8e0cb1861dda0476b982321ecdad12dc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53754215,"asset_id":33764505,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53754215/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33764505"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33764505"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33764505; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33764505]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33764505]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33764505; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33764505']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8e0cb1861dda0476b982321ecdad12dc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33764505]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33764505,"title":"Iranian Elements in Late-Tang Buddhist Astrology","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33764505/Iranian_Elements_in_Late_Tang_Buddhist_Astrology","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"dFAzWUcxU0k3cnRTN2pSeEk0UlVQcXBFSG5TVWJiOGtJQllGWU9yRDkrZz0tLVBnVm5wSjZQeVRhUzhGL2hCYnF2ZUE9PQ==--1d7e6dbafef49525c7dda91f2522c694d34ad097"},"attachments":[{"id":53754215,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53754215/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kotyk_J_Iranian_Elements_in_Late-Tang_Buddhist_Astrology_Asia_Major_30__no._2_2017.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53754215/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Iranian_Elements_in_Late_Tang_Buddhist_A.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53754215/Kotyk_J_Iranian_Elements_in_Late-Tang_Buddhist_Astrology_Asia_Major_30__no._2_2017-libre.pdf?1499169314=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIranian_Elements_in_Late_Tang_Buddhist_A.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=NHIh35FLuS0000vuHphuOX8Fp0hhbDHT9NYCx9qZ0fHA77SIeJCboKVMRmavte9Cl5xHGTGIM16zjYasxVhvv0nDaBzLOp~l~Q9l6346gYAK3tMf36xBkRQOpXs1hfq0ICqGufSxxHhxcLrSmZm6JAQqIjeCY9acbpf2gk3cieIR~9LHDc7RrufuR5sBtZtW9m3pGgmTJF2fsiPpTH857ybcYZ4hXuLNAKqk6KzSL7CNsTiFrUN6sMuFLDj-7UYgI4tZvOL2rVVL4LsQuEjJV32AgOvQQKs62rZ8AoGMBrwpDhJfCk2eEcEc3umq~U~GDMkiSc-HVS2pgZmofxkIKg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="19903346" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122850921"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122850921/Sino_Iranian_and_Sino_Arabian_Relations_in_Late_Antiquity_China_and_the_Parthians_Sasanians_and_Arabs_in_the_First_Millennium"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sino-Iranian and Sino-Arabian Relations in Late Antiquity: China and the Parthians, Sasanians, and Arabs in the First Millennium" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117427306/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122850921/Sino_Iranian_and_Sino_Arabian_Relations_in_Late_Antiquity_China_and_the_Parthians_Sasanians_and_Arabs_in_the_First_Millennium">Sino-Iranian and Sino-Arabian Relations in Late Antiquity: China and the Parthians, Sasanians, and Arabs in the First Millennium</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sino-Iranian and Sino-Arabian Relations in Late Antiquity: China and the Parthians, Sasanians, and Arabs in the First Millennium</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">What type of exchanges occurred between West and East Asia in the first millennium CE? What sort ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What type of exchanges occurred between West and East Asia in the first millennium CE? What sort of connections existed between Persia and China? What did the Chinese know of early Islam? This study offers an overview of the cultural, diplomatic, commercial, and religious relationships that flourished between Iran and China, building on the pioneering work of Berthold Laufer’s Sino-Iranica (1919) while utilizing a diverse array of Classical Chinese sources to tell the story of Sino-Iran in a fresh light to highlight the significance of transcultural networks across Asia in late antiquity. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4d7769b64dfe4bb4f7b6c8b130d7a8e3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117427306,"asset_id":122850921,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117427306/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122850921"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122850921"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122850921; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122850921]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=122850921]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122850921; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='122850921']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4d7769b64dfe4bb4f7b6c8b130d7a8e3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=122850921]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":122850921,"title":"Sino-Iranian and Sino-Arabian Relations in Late Antiquity: China and the Parthians, Sasanians, and Arabs in the First Millennium","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122850921/Sino_Iranian_and_Sino_Arabian_Relations_in_Late_Antiquity_China_and_the_Parthians_Sasanians_and_Arabs_in_the_First_Millennium","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"VGw1ZHFHWE9NcWJvOFJwbXpVSGVPSVBtSTRBQXJ6ZWxmRHB3NzA2TmF1Yz0tLTR3eTNQZGRUUHM1c1hLdk4yYVh1VlE9PQ==--7fffa121a692bbd0b5f96993e9330714e5d27bc7"},"attachments":[{"id":117427306,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117427306/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"KOTYK_Sino_Iranian_2024.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117427306/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Sino_Iranian_and_Sino_Arabian_Relations.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117427306/KOTYK_Sino_Iranian_2024-libre.pdf?1723588239=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSino_Iranian_and_Sino_Arabian_Relations.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555258\u0026Signature=SyAvmBrlagUHgSuxWuTQYTTlhcQ5lduQoHhl6PyGRCqP7wFX9Dj~WYOefs-R4CUdwfQdWe1FHogNf1-M90~Pw-1J86agvz8KoQIzo65EMRDCG7bwOVhTYI0PtAJaY8Z0rwcuc-P19H03FtB9NDZ9JOoc6ndBU41O9b~12MhdD5w~F6cs2421Ka22kHB47aglZ~OiJ10FkgjwJMl1Px9lLzdNE1MtWsFinh8CWiKjWhWUORysy-QUj~e882KljJcZfot8Xxi68ELWm6g~39UKPZCQ6FlIZkYSBybLdrC9YzSsto~yxWX5Udt2IUuFXh-0ygw43DAJFPjMcFEjEs81TA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="577432" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107180706"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107180706/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105932701/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107180706/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations">Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Religions</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examines the use, adaptation, modification and omission of astronomical and calendrica...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examines the use, adaptation, modification and omission of astronomical and calendrical elements in early Japanese Mikkyō (ninth century) in large part from the perspective of exact sciences. Shingon and Tendai inherited a Sinicized system of Indian astrology from their respective beginnings, but the significance of this fact in the study of Japanese religions is underrecognized despite the reality that astrology was both studied and technically required in Mikkyō. This study will examine how Mikkyō negotiated the demand for orthopraxical use of Indian models with the contingent realities of only possessing in practice a Chinese calendar and system of observational astronomy. Japanese monks were compelled to observe Indian astrology according to their own scriptures, which by extension necessitated knowledge of Indian astronomy, but substitutions and omissions had to be made in the absence of the required resources and knowledge.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c5de69e11572a4b437408d225c5ec0e1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105932701,"asset_id":107180706,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105932701/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107180706"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107180706"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107180706; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107180706]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=107180706]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107180706; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='107180706']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c5de69e11572a4b437408d225c5ec0e1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=107180706]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":107180706,"title":"Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107180706/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"Mk50L0lrblZjblJSVC9tZWduRWh0QTlKbDVJT1ZhcmxFRnJVakpUZmJmaz0tLVBsWlNVSHZ4K2VuNnBSSmVzZVI2N0E9PQ==--4094edacbc041eb4b511f5411afadfd7c392b6c3"},"attachments":[{"id":105932701,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105932701/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105932701/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105932701/pdf-libre.pdf?1695660730=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAstronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=NcSSm8H3W7bI-kKHsst-ahoZoqTIPeUpQxOCqAukFByYMdEe~pD-LmcIPyFfLM-rsEzb7sOzGJOqZQVTX2Uc1yjEUgYR6k224b0ZKjaXS~8sOLf9SH9BFbfUIS0KE1SBcDKDM7dZw2DDwAjs-lhLVp-~Qyn2-EweviRDYEJlq7COIg-YKXJJkGF5GoMLM4sm5-A6iQcG65rS1e1RMra-Hot5IDq0kwKbLTdOMTdf0I-nm-5MbDJjjspNz3Ll4EFijdfBqRxIDb1G2bZ2stTkSvl7qe4nYETJZdBDXNUFPW7BIA948KvwyMVRRc3rTbGjZ8DzQSZx6EQxrBRs~6FqCg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":105932700,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105932700/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105932700/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105932700/pdf-libre.pdf?1695660739=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAstronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=WLMch3Mo0D75WDvJUUlMmDMRaZaKEi3zfPjoXHhir6Ktb1ZDvPkw40hjFhhsH7ByQ6VYJgz~wzJO~KqKuxD9yPpbmZ2EedQGekOJQP7KSJiwjGxLOzOyMgEBBG886OrKr~A11Rh5Pug9PKkRi8SV320tf7EwjqSOzgmYJM~65pKtOhHextMd~CcUO-k4RWEYr7sTsxAEA1j6FnvFBFXqn1tvt9Wnu0WPx34brYUyFiynslQ-aDrLOUbprLTOi8MIJXqpxvFxnKvlRHM0mloyYLyoKQYugFJW-1ktUyysAw7~zSjItvjkZJgr8Jb3URehpmEA8go1aHk1GBUodKVf2g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="81425351"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/81425351/The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yixing_%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_727_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Astronomical Innovations of Monk Yixing 一行 (673-727)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87472766/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/81425351/The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yixing_%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_727_">The Astronomical Innovations of Monk Yixing 一行 (673-727)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Religions</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Chinese monk Yixing 一行 (673–727) is unique in being an early architect of the Mantrayāna trad...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Chinese monk Yixing 一行 (673–727) is unique in being an early architect of the Mantrayāna tradition (Esoteric Buddhism) in East Asia in addition to featuring as a significant individual within the history of astronomy and calendrical science in China. His legacy in the Buddhist world is well known, but the enduring appreciation of his scientific work in later centuries is less understood. The present paper will document the achievements of Yixing’s work in astronomy while also discussing the perception and appreciation of his work in subsequent centuries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0fd0e8e4c475679c3eeaa4a7742c6cb6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":87472766,"asset_id":81425351,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87472766/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="81425351"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81425351"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81425351; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81425351]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81425351]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81425351; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='81425351']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0fd0e8e4c475679c3eeaa4a7742c6cb6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=81425351]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":81425351,"title":"The Astronomical Innovations of Monk Yixing 一行 (673-727)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81425351/The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yixing_%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_727_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"WlJFSWUzRXN3MnFrNEF6cngvdXBrL2JkSStDK1dpbFk1dzU1V09uVmdCVT0tLWppNEtwekRpSnZLUTJHcEhMZ0hCSkE9PQ==--b28a936af222b9e86032612220fac23717984777"},"attachments":[{"id":87472766,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87472766/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yixing_一行_673_727_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87472766/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yix.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/87472766/The_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yixing_%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_727_-libre.pdf?1655168356=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Astronomical_Innovations_of_Monk_Yix.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=GsXE2leZLLjefYHB5zAuV6odUgXEiOz7Z2EfQZEIB9Npx60SQ5mELat0w5999toRhmGC5Ggc5VMN9lcsftCAESfymo4e5hzdcJNJYiRYl4ugXXMiEE4uP~sLRr7SS~Mpa2bo~3DI7-QArR5jX5Skp5SmrH4kbdCAVmGi0QwS2ucCqK7hlB0v9187pRH5eoilef-wolOers~xo2SxZmqeXXENuK6~kYSbTDOTRQkIApjRXEhj6anWJcW7S2Q6bt-~gRT7Pw7v~ljmi17Atj2DfxWSUrZ~1ArKjrxfmLkIOS5YwNBTNA7HMsGm0mFiP8ASaLHRdpCapnUsgs9Wg4NRDw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79842910"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79842910/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86421470/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79842910/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations">Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Religions</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examines the use, adaptation, modification and omission of astronomical and calendrica...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examines the use, adaptation, modification and omission of astronomical and calendrical elements in early Japanese Mikkyō (ninth century) in large part from the perspective of exact sciences. Shingon and Tendai inherited a Sinicized system of Indian astrology from their respective beginnings, but the significance of this fact in the study of Japanese religions is underrecognized despite the reality that astrology was both studied and technically required in Mikkyō. This study will examine how Mikkyō negotiated the demand for orthopraxical use of Indian models with the contingent realities of only possessing in practice a Chinese calendar and system of observational astronomy. Japanese monks were compelled to observe Indian astrology according to their own scriptures, which by extension necessitated knowledge of Indian astronomy, but substitutions and omissions had to be made in the absence of the required resources and knowledge.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="49bce897ae037b2dca6a167c95ebac04" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86421470,"asset_id":79842910,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86421470/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79842910"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79842910"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79842910; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79842910]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79842910]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79842910; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79842910']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "49bce897ae037b2dca6a167c95ebac04" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79842910]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79842910,"title":"Astronomy and Calendrical Science in Early Mikkyō in Japan: Challenges and Adaptations","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79842910/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikky%C5%8D_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"U0ZCSUpzTVUrOFhRNUp4ZklDVjdUZFAxS1Ztc3dRZGVraWVBeVFNWDY0cz0tLWFVaHVuOS91WDNTdHhkSkVrRWJpZFE9PQ==--b2ac3221ba39a5c190614c9b1a0f1573710373d2"},"attachments":[{"id":86421470,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86421470/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikkyo_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations_KOTYK_Jeffrey_2022.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86421470/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86421470/Astronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Early_Mikkyo_in_Japan_Challenges_and_Adaptations_KOTYK_Jeffrey_2022-libre.pdf?1653417202=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAstronomy_and_Calendrical_Science_in_Ear.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=ZiOHMiypzyu9ieL66l8XY4Z7Wgm4aIDqlRzvkEY9dGTcf2Su~2T~ldlJyuZO12-az8oItF5PJW8GSceky-ThsDBLXBhDr1A30uMKmE3bwzlJO4XjA-K6~Noc8ttGWZ1rbpCMHTcbit4Pvl1f7V3U3cAkfHF7kzYdA03VxM1ya09WVm7GdyWa49YRH4-zsQ11SRddJcLbnVGdvBsiL-tOxuIURf~ZaXOwz85bp4Uwbi5eV4D0Jhe7vhmuvW4F9ymz5cv24lhyyrIAP7ITrQrnLDgx-nFikHfuIJM~0tj2rvQ2gGfv6xCVAqFZwo0A8gwhaXrD3q5v8ShG3m-t4lC8bQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78276911"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78276911/The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_Asia_China_and_Japan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Study of Sanskrit in Medieval East Asia: China and Japan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85380406/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78276911/The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_Asia_China_and_Japan">The Study of Sanskrit in Medieval East Asia: China and Japan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper explores the historical study of the Sanskrit language and its related systems of writ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper explores the historical study of the Sanskrit language and its related systems of writing in ancient and medieval East Asia. It is argued that the varied availability of teachers and manuals in different time periods and environments led to uneven studies of Sanskrit in different generations. In some cases, we can point to significant understanding of Sanskrit in the writings of some monks. Although some monks had direct access to Indian teachers, the majority of students never had this opportunity, and instead relied on resources in Chinese, which primarily included word lists, rather than grammars. There is evidence for the systematic study of Sanskrit grammar, but this was apparently limited in time and faced a number of challenges. The script of Siddhaṃ became widely studied as a sacred system of writing, but I argue that this did not necessitate the learning of Sanskrit grammar.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="565d28f634fed3c90300ba73a03d24f8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85380406,"asset_id":78276911,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85380406/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78276911"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78276911"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78276911; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78276911]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78276911]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78276911; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78276911']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "565d28f634fed3c90300ba73a03d24f8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78276911]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78276911,"title":"The Study of Sanskrit in Medieval East Asia: China and Japan","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78276911/The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_Asia_China_and_Japan","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"N3FrTERzZVBQalB6SXpFYUovUnJwZ1AvclIrL3RPU29XYWhsZ2gzWFkvUT0tLS9JbmFmdlFLUEJrRjVrUVVJU2JuVHc9PQ==--51e0e7e23aeb868fe42764df3d5ff97b40a4f927"},"attachments":[{"id":85380406,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85380406/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_Asia_China_and_Japan_KOTYK_Jeffrey.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85380406/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_A.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/85380406/The_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_Asia_China_and_Japan_KOTYK_Jeffrey-libre.pdf?1651545945=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Study_of_Sanskrit_in_Medieval_East_A.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=LuEnDK5PTySZBDEo-DdvtSmsV~r9J72K8bGxp5wnCbkGMNpYhCKGQZkdCkd5PlpNCEqFL-P9DQbzczzitRdfJASMw4anUDWJ0PbW~8fRgI-Q8xSXI7IZ2Jltm38yLpKYpsCxKMJOGTxFN1ucInoGuvNJNUXvCZG6yR3ywEkYrf1~-1Ldx1M5thbMXXNqkeDZ1VbFi6lkrSJXnELttT9kpfGCPhGpyHi0vCZrG-rluVohVjEqit5IgKmzjpZMB7Nc~6Pub1xf4jR6mH29ek1pUjYfXuAQL0Mf5Kw1B5T2XfMLTNRpZ9xSqhIY1Pm6-slqFNfMPVtdhpVy4UDDbyxq6g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="56623339"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/56623339/On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_%C4%81nx%C4%AB_xi%C4%81ng_%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E6%82%89%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%A6%99_in_Medieval_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On the Identification and Use of ānxī-xiāng 安息香/安悉香/安西香 in Medieval China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/71918296/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/56623339/On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_%C4%81nx%C4%AB_xi%C4%81ng_%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E6%82%89%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%A6%99_in_Medieval_China">On the Identification and Use of ānxī-xiāng 安息香/安悉香/安西香 in Medieval China</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2020. “On the Identification and Use of ānxī-xiāng 安息香/安悉香/安西香 in Medieval China....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2020. “On the Identification and Use of ānxī-xiāng 安息香/安悉香/安西香 in Medieval China.” In Quaderni di Studi Indo-Mediterranei XII: FOR THE CENTENNIAL OF BERTHOLD LAUFER’S CLASSIC SINO-IRANICA (1919), Sino-Iranica’s Centennial, Between East and West, Exchanges of Material and Ideational Culture, edited by Ephraim Nissan, 519–526. Milano: Mimemsis Edizioni.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5fd85bc8feb772659ed398130dc0350a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":71918296,"asset_id":56623339,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71918296/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="56623339"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56623339"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56623339; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56623339]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56623339]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56623339; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='56623339']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5fd85bc8feb772659ed398130dc0350a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=56623339]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":56623339,"title":"On the Identification and Use of ānxī-xiāng 安息香/安悉香/安西香 in Medieval China","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56623339/On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_%C4%81nx%C4%AB_xi%C4%81ng_%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E6%82%89%E9%A6%99_%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%A6%99_in_Medieval_China","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"TjJOcEg1cXVnT3FxTmNLYnFtYnFta2svUUQxZ2ZtOEMzMURSUllUOXVlcz0tLUIzays0cnFOWk1RT0kzQ0I4a1VlYkE9PQ==--6f5019b8030d7fc2d322d6e9018d9f1cc2db48b7"},"attachments":[{"id":71918296,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/71918296/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_anxi_xiang_安息香安悉香安西香_in_Medieva.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71918296/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_anxi_xi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/71918296/On_the_Identification_and_Use_of_anxi_xiang_%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E9%A6%99%E5%AE%89%E6%82%89%E9%A6%99%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%A6%99_in_Medieval_China_Jeffrey_Kotyk-libre.pdf?1634007251=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOn_the_Identification_and_Use_of_anxi_xi.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=H4e4WXatjftVzdo3VdiBu0E~PQxMwh9mAUj3vLUf7IiRgsrfE49NhZF6uOjK4F0U~YRoRZ4yL8HD9wfDRUArytEGr12q-WYU9Q2MTMAMBJSHx8uzOM4HS~hlIRtW1jgCRD1gcgv~IKEiy36grDS2YBo0QGX1MPPmx6GdzTI8XP8SXS7QUfv5jMPo6iEqcTxB1vzsB-d1BAfOA2mFgU595B4MlXpegSduHvMT73iCUnImaFNLf6qx4DxAD7kbXUN~Q5WL7Vm-oPb3NYaWgv3aKWWIwOcU-JuDssp--TpY6LcrQMTTKDLisdYNTlyp1bSo0C~xBqG3assPEXjFDCOACA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="50477547"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/50477547/%E6%BC%A2%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%92_%E3%82%BF_%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AB%96%E3%81%A8_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B5%8C_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 漢訳アビダルマにおける宇宙論と『宿曜経』" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68449315/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/50477547/%E6%BC%A2%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%92_%E3%82%BF_%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AB%96%E3%81%A8_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B5%8C_">漢訳アビダルマにおける宇宙論と『宿曜経』</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>対法雑誌</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2021. “Kanyaku Abidaruma ni okeru uchūron to Sukuyōkyō” 漢訳アビダルマにおける宇宙論と『宿曜経』[Cosm...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2021. “Kanyaku Abidaruma ni okeru uchūron to Sukuyōkyō” 漢訳アビダルマにおける宇宙論と『宿曜経』[Cosmology in Abhidharma Literature in Chinese Translation and the Xiuyao jing]. Taihō zasshi 対法雑誌 (The Journal of Abhidharma Studies) 2: 101-108.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7345d21495d8cac519f4a1c9e9b781d5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68449315,"asset_id":50477547,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68449315/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="50477547"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50477547"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50477547; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50477547]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50477547]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50477547; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='50477547']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7345d21495d8cac519f4a1c9e9b781d5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=50477547]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":50477547,"title":"漢訳アビダルマにおける宇宙論と『宿曜経』","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50477547/%E6%BC%A2%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%92_%E3%82%BF_%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AB%96%E3%81%A8_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B5%8C_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"WjRPNW84T1dReFpyZ2Vzb0tQVVhsS0EvTlA3Vm1KQUlBc1pzalMvZm1Ndz0tLVllelZ3bmwxKzJycXBDczNZSzl3RWc9PQ==--282c52a2578e0d21316996cd84f8673e53781009"},"attachments":[{"id":68449315,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68449315/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"漢訳アヒタルマにおける宇宙論と_.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68449315/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"68449315.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/68449315/%E6%BC%A2%E8%A8%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%92%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AB%96%E3%81%A8_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B5%8C_Jeffrey_Kotyk-libre.pdf?1627793223=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3D68449315.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=OwHE3PHizG0Uu5WDgTsUHS81FZDDbg88nTc5nQCkfl4JW0kPZg9ssVHRiGwGD9cRik~N8MxtALUJmVQAN5ZnBTDORG6ey~hsrzUGz8Y1-jcu2UTtP0NkEgQkqjv~qGjp2E98CoRvwNnRDfQifGLg2QpIwMNkqKqhAX77joa-6ylIV~nB~hukEAbUTQ6KoyofAsJrrPiL6ds7gg7IFPOoulBI1F~80YN4jtI0QRLDv0-j5i4d17HCVEnyo1OhS4wWh~wDD3k6PpfFd3aGTumdP3Ur3CAwBkKq9p3IJJi2TXOi1MwfgQDZVgRqhCyaHVaNKALdw0kMKLfNw2KkqXHdBA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="47732453"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/47732453/Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Milk, Yogurt and Butter in Medieval East Asia: Dairy Products from China to Japan in Medicine and Buddhism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66681142/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/47732453/Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism">Milk, Yogurt and Butter in Medieval East Asia: Dairy Products from China to Japan in Medicine and Buddhism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Religions</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dairy products have existed in China from at least the Han Dynasty onward. Later, under the influ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dairy products have existed in China from at least the Han Dynasty onward. Later, under the influence of Buddhism, dairy items such as yogurt, butter and ghee were required for ritual purposes. The domestic dairy industry in medieval China is an understudied topic, but even more so is the use of dairy in contemporary Japan, where Chinese traditions of Buddhism were transplanted in full. The kanji describing various dairy products were also known in Japan, but we must ask whether these substances were available in Japan, and to what extent. Unlike luxury consumables such as aromatics and medicines, perishable foodstuffs were unlikely to have been transported from the mainland. This study will document and discuss the transmission of a dairy industry from China to Japan, with a focus on the role of these products in religious and medical contexts.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/5/302" rel="nofollow">https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/5/302</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1faed654eb466689d2d4862c19a4b379" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66681142,"asset_id":47732453,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66681142/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="47732453"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47732453"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47732453; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47732453]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47732453]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47732453; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='47732453']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1faed654eb466689d2d4862c19a4b379" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=47732453]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":47732453,"title":"Milk, Yogurt and Butter in Medieval East Asia: Dairy Products from China to Japan in Medicine and Buddhism","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47732453/Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"S1ZWT0hxRUFmeFJCemJSa2JyV0NBNGF6OUI0WjFZOS9LTjArcnZGMjBJcz0tLW50dDJLS2RWMVhqWExHRVlaZk12NWc9PQ==--d216ecf87c70f71a19d1e7d81c0a9d81a723c2f0"},"attachments":[{"id":66681142,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66681142/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism_J_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66681142/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/66681142/Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism_J_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1619407818=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMilk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=MMB58ZHa7BsToQ4eJc2CjK~VGXY3q2KdhQ~A7mrYJ4Wx6gQi3GHZKz-IzmiRzTCW9XYLddy-Yv71rHOYfXLdSBiHnpOTef0bEBjYpH7udgV75KXItLg9cmWi8KSqtd-ooQ4Ayf1jby0lmx~FzroAGw0oEK4ZHTUe67x8apBW1-mzH5~GdhYhvj8ADY5Ce9OYqPO~mcfU8y68ezkagGzhgW-3t78n9YkoEct9csERIz8ed2W6Yb-RK1eQc8M18DPAHznuDgolVdUr6RanC2VNF1HMAxWH4Np74-QGiI9bRLPBspygpljaOfKHefMVVu2vtBsLramFzFKP06ciUOIv6g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44451873"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44451873/Chinese_State_and_Buddhist_Historical_Sources_on_Xuanzang_Historicity_and_the_Daci_en_si_sanzang_fashi_zhuan_%E5%A4%A7%E6%85%88%E6%81%A9%E5%AF%BA%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB%E5%82%B3"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64874404/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44451873/Chinese_State_and_Buddhist_Historical_Sources_on_Xuanzang_Historicity_and_the_Daci_en_si_sanzang_fashi_zhuan_%E5%A4%A7%E6%85%88%E6%81%A9%E5%AF%BA%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB%E5%82%B3">Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2020. “Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kotyk, Jeffrey. 2020. “Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳.” In From Chang’an to Nālandā: The Life and Legacy of the Chinese Buddhist Monk Xuanzang (602?–664), eds. Shi Ciguang, Chen Jinhua, Ji Yu and Shi Xingding, 270–310. Singapore: World Scholastic Publishers. Republication of 2019 article in T’oung Pao.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="39529c444e39dfc1b2a662475f9a7cae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64874404,"asset_id":44451873,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64874404/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44451873"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44451873"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44451873; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44451873]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44451873]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44451873; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44451873']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "39529c444e39dfc1b2a662475f9a7cae" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44451873]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44451873,"title":"Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44451873/Chinese_State_and_Buddhist_Historical_Sources_on_Xuanzang_Historicity_and_the_Daci_en_si_sanzang_fashi_zhuan_%E5%A4%A7%E6%85%88%E6%81%A9%E5%AF%BA%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB%E5%82%B3","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"bnlvcml0SlhIQzM4anMyRTYzTnpCVWs2QnhSZ0ozUkt2b1dFSHBJbHNabz0tLW84bCtQM0tNeVVxVkNQcU9kTmFEbnc9PQ==--b21b5f84bb2f5d27de89bb043d9f15f044baa1d8"},"attachments":[{"id":64874404,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64874404/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kotyk_xuanzang_Reprint_in_From_Chang_an_to_Nalanda.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64874404/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Chinese_State_and_Buddhist_Historical_So.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64874404/Kotyk_xuanzang_Reprint_in_From_Chang_an_to_Nalanda-libre.pdf?1604772243=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChinese_State_and_Buddhist_Historical_So.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=gNv3yDmegt7ihvnmn5s80KkpyuhCYc-GuCNHb-t3TVJtmOewJivlHDoQ~nmCZ6zbltV8dvBcBA7vRtMtniA5y0a1kBn0xlVN0fQvMhPgG36xlfVSDoNQsAmZHg6J3I02tgNGTu0raGHP0ZTpUiYG51ToeLbKARX-hrtBi12yYlIMzxQiCsY~xgwxz6AmghVqf~J7C0eUgTBsL9Mz~Oy6UdWpKTWkBxOcKsQc6-Rv30LsPn143znoD09Zlq33mWGh9~YPad9GpowUXGzlhBqbB3NEgn43QDmO~GEglbsi9JAFGtAXUR~cGdJ8ltO8TrR7Si5mCpmEi-Hr7eTdmXgZSQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42811456"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42811456/Yixing%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_683_727_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Yixing一行 (673/683–727), Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63041384/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42811456/Yixing%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_683_727_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II">Yixing一行 (673/683–727), Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="51e8951f3a26bcee3fac1aa378e2d409" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63041384,"asset_id":42811456,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63041384/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42811456"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42811456"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42811456; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42811456]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42811456]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42811456; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42811456']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "51e8951f3a26bcee3fac1aa378e2d409" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42811456]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42811456,"title":"Yixing一行 (673/683–727), Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42811456/Yixing%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C_673_683_727_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"Q1N4bWVPbm0vWFU2K05GS2Z6MmZOVnhoaW5YemZGano4dERaRDBtK1l2VT0tLXB0RERvRGF5V3l6VmhuZzBsOWQ1V3c9PQ==--c91062df27b7acdfd25147780451b87907770124"},"attachments":[{"id":63041384,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63041384/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BEB_Kotyk_Yixing20200421-72606-1i3r874.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63041384/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Yixing_673_683_727_Brills_Encyclopedia.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63041384/BEB_Kotyk_Yixing20200421-72606-1i3r874-libre.pdf?1587496569=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DYixing_673_683_727_Brills_Encyclopedia.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=RkjkuFi4MitbbMs-Y6Ej3iI0NWxiieDjLtbMr4CKNsB8~xEHiq0BeU0J4l7U-o22Z3F466a5IdBoio9tkg~1p53hDCv-LZTg3kqVTT0lPSFlbc0c3UWtprhxTP0HPu1qJKU3Oe1npH6qQncYo-tj519jVLWy6ZZ04aN9SaPrnwe2Mo6iXJ0Ru7~Clx8jMUZcDbLemjbxVzQ8DqcylHIakFvJuP2deIXlFdW~QRdE-GwiiINaDOsw~MAZ4zXGxsOtJZ9u5b2p~d-MgRY6t8b9nVmMRrQrQsaKiryH2fTemj~aIqAbghYjdu2pn9pcatFoR5M3zyt8bHmrC-h6281d5A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42811423"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42811423/Tejaprabh%C4%81_Buddha_%E7%86%BE%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%89%E4%BD%9B_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tejaprabhā Buddha 熾盛光佛, Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63041349/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42811423/Tejaprabh%C4%81_Buddha_%E7%86%BE%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%89%E4%BD%9B_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II">Tejaprabhā Buddha 熾盛光佛, Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="735ebe1e3bf12b668033e1a45fb0633b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63041349,"asset_id":42811423,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63041349/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42811423"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42811423"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42811423; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42811423]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42811423]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42811423; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='42811423']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "735ebe1e3bf12b668033e1a45fb0633b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=42811423]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":42811423,"title":"Tejaprabhā Buddha 熾盛光佛, Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42811423/Tejaprabh%C4%81_Buddha_%E7%86%BE%E7%9B%9B%E5%85%89%E4%BD%9B_Brills_Encyclopedia_of_Buddhism_Volume_II","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"M2FSTmpWV0xPWTQ2dFIxV3I1S2FnRnVJTC8ycXY4d0UwbHZIQ2tzcFV5TT0tLTZQQ01YZjR3TEZaTlFtOTQwcXNXTVE9PQ==--45594d1123b0eb8af721d881dd5fec5c74996d43"},"attachments":[{"id":63041349,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63041349/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BEB_Kotyk_Tejaprabha20200421-16962-1lx376r.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63041349/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tejaprabha_Buddha__Brills_Encycloped.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63041349/BEB_Kotyk_Tejaprabha20200421-16962-1lx376r-libre.pdf?1587496105=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTejaprabha_Buddha__Brills_Encycloped.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=Kr4dap2ljyOv5jHxPqy4q-ZuqQGwMX5rrDiuuctuRMYbLVTHSnrC84qFzE0JK8fch9Ngp5FVS9xlBam0X4QzgAsuxGvBmU7UT9qzEHi7IK0BUNHc~CQzWPyL1gTDwL8aHWqpm2JBJwSF6CFEgcPghWdOYDizMwlpEI98SXPadMC2bSLR9B5uGGCi8yhXW0Yc5keOCmJQ6yqgBTBRjI28-UMR~rhspnIQPda9jF3qak0wjotxjhJG6IAjoioS-UiBtmhBRpDpbjA9dosHVcQVO4nRYWFXHwrfdKyUf-8Z904qhEXCKKZYf7DO~6wANhl5-Qsh2JC00ntJgqQDbG9f3w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38875166"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38875166/Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddhism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Astrological Determinism in Indian Buddhism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58971725/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38875166/Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddhism">Astrological Determinism in Indian Buddhism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study surveys the presence of astrological determinism (i.e., the belief that celestial bodi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study surveys the presence of astrological determinism (i.e., the belief that celestial bodies influence or signal fated developments) within Indian Buddhism, from early literature until late-Tantra, in which passive belief in astrology is more often expected than rejected. It is argued that a tradition of ‘Buddhist astrology’ did, in fact, exist with a clear evolution over time. This demonstrates that many Buddhists were comfortable with astrology alongside a belief in karma. The increasing incorporation of astrological elements into Buddhist texts also reflects the growing appreciation of astrology in Indian culture over the course of the first millennium CE.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="12b3478f1a0b4b5b9220a2b06eeb34d9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58971725,"asset_id":38875166,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58971725/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38875166"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38875166"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38875166; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38875166]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38875166]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38875166; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38875166']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "12b3478f1a0b4b5b9220a2b06eeb34d9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38875166]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38875166,"title":"Astrological Determinism in Indian Buddhism","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38875166/Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddhism","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"ZGpHeFBPT3ZNNUk0YTNXSEp2TFVqYlJvd3lNSThQMVN6SCtUa1lKN1FYOD0tLWptdjV4dEEvTGVNQ05QaVUwd2hQNEE9PQ==--bb118143d47d708a4be93b71216823f7a1083443"},"attachments":[{"id":58971725,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58971725/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddhism_Jeffrey_Kotyk20190420-3765-9lxon6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58971725/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddh.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58971725/Astrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddhism_Jeffrey_Kotyk20190420-3765-9lxon6-libre.pdf?1555809363=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAstrological_Determinism_in_Indian_Buddh.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=OIUdP1SOj9qORF9Ibb2gIgfGyvNy35AK5tcQbKguCjxDOrokHzviJ2TZYzi9XNRwcVLxVhHUUAs3iqYLIkBonQuj-5UwFMj0Hdp3-ewqTgOVhP0HcoE2f2f4Jn-7hPUU25zTgPAqaen0bb42r4v7sFdpwVMGm4tAhJx6OwHJkU4ZVM5aCtYgpgoMm2q0nwCHf1fK8lP4gpRNNUMa930sBssv1Jg~gF0zc~mLaLlVp7BGr3~s9JDehi7ItNgBYuAmTyOd~VA-0o1puxpQlK~v0K75efu2nEc1RHMJX0ZtBM1VrdstY0fwy5FZMsY~FQzBnhUBB2gIf1EKMjUqwPt1ig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38752032"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38752032/Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in_Mikky%C5%8D_Astrological_Art"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Research Note on Brahmanical Deities in Mikkyō Astrological Art" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58839985/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38752032/Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in_Mikky%C5%8D_Astrological_Art">Research Note on Brahmanical Deities in Mikkyō Astrological Art</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Asian Humanities at Kyushu University</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Discussion of astrological icons in Mikkyō star maṇḍalas (hoshi mandara 星曼荼羅) and other relevant ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Discussion of astrological icons in Mikkyō star maṇḍalas (hoshi mandara 星曼荼羅) and other relevant specimens. This study also dates the New York MET star maṇḍala based on the configuration of the planets in relation to the zodiac signs depicted therein.<br /><br />Kotyk, Jeffrey. "Research Note on Brahmanical Deities in Mikkyō Astrological Art." Journal of Asian Humanities at Kyushu University 4 (2019): 101–108.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="406e4569cad113f55f8e56e17978c3cf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58839985,"asset_id":38752032,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58839985/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38752032"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38752032"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38752032; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38752032]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38752032]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38752032; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38752032']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "406e4569cad113f55f8e56e17978c3cf" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38752032]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38752032,"title":"Research Note on Brahmanical Deities in Mikkyō Astrological Art","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38752032/Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in_Mikky%C5%8D_Astrological_Art","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"Y2JrSldjODBsYnJKSG4vVGZOVXgySkJDalpHQjNIeHZjbyt2VXM0bWoyRT0tLW9KSlhKQTNuZFVYUlZ5Z0piS0xPa1E9PQ==--a6cf7ccc6e4f8e65ec785219a26d4440f353b9e2"},"attachments":[{"id":58839985,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58839985/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kotyk__Jeffrey._Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in_Mikkyo_Astrological_Art..pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58839985/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58839985/Kotyk__Jeffrey._Research_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in_Mikkyo_Astrological_Art.-libre.pdf?1554840522=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DResearch_Note_on_Brahmanical_Deities_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=SJZLTY4k1UUJaRtOqPlcRBglWId1YdH8w4SkSWq0kM4NgHJciuXjnK79P-U9srqeorwTeUC1ElWFcsrRJsFHSpFKuMeiUCA3egjXkAXwV8dZLy~Dk-tDsIwxKVbR2jhuGCMtVlZ~RtopKXZtknRt-cS~uYvyjrAq2Q30a3m0b6WVlygtJBJHCn7yxS0pSZsv1cRyi16zi7T0NiB97T0rRHwUZ6rvtRZeaKIEPdnVurUzRKqInnW-53Fn7sUhB-0x3P55wPnLtmp6B3LTAp4wr4xIMd4nCNwX~raCGJ6qGf9s9zONljUx8~8a3b2YZC8G2EY2PKP-GimGLHrDoKHz2A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37502869"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37502869/The_Sinicization_of_Indo_Iranian_Astrology_in_Medieval_China"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Sinicization of Indo-Iranian Astrology in Medieval China" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57474087/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37502869/The_Sinicization_of_Indo_Iranian_Astrology_in_Medieval_China">The Sinicization of Indo-Iranian Astrology in Medieval China</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study explores the introduction and development of foreign systems of astrology in medieval ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study explores the introduction and development of foreign systems of astrology in medieval China (Tang to Ming periods), in particular the practice of horoscopy, and how such models were implemented within a Chinese astronomical framework. It is argued that the basic character of such horoscopy was in large part Dorothean, rather than Ptolemaic. It is furthermore demonstrated that Chinese horoscopy was as much an heir to Persian systems of horoscopy as was the Islamicate, a point that has yet to be recognized. The paper also demonstrates the enduring impact of horoscopy within the culture of Chinese divination.<br /><br />“The Sinicization of Indo-Iranian Astrology in Medieval China.” Sino-Platonic Papers 282 (2018): 1–95.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d646ee5ba3cab5685766239a70261ba5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57474087,"asset_id":37502869,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57474087/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37502869"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37502869"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37502869; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37502869]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37502869]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37502869; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37502869']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d646ee5ba3cab5685766239a70261ba5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37502869]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37502869,"title":"The Sinicization of Indo-Iranian Astrology in Medieval China","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37502869/The_Sinicization_of_Indo_Iranian_Astrology_in_Medieval_China","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"YXRPc0oybnFhcVorV2V1UkQwRitzaXVQd1N0aUZvcGJNalFVRjIvTlBXZz0tLXV2bkFqaytGMThSRXM5bUh4UUlBVUE9PQ==--804322ee04f1124410e14db6c62c7c5e9e6b465c"},"attachments":[{"id":57474087,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57474087/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"spp282_Indo-Iranian_Astrology_China.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57474087/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Sinicization_of_Indo_Iranian_Astrolo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57474087/spp282_Indo-Iranian_Astrology_China-libre.pdf?1538316163=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Sinicization_of_Indo_Iranian_Astrolo.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=D10nbMWmDPc0HF7ndMWW7wKyVSxj6WlkOHTxOopjJsvi5EvxaOF7~6Ytu6Ky0TefCiZZwtlHde0SymDSjFhhs4qfxVC4fIfjpr4BsAE5KZ1zw-Vx1nWMyCzYhgksP7UKv8ZsDjmjTmSOddXqyx83nElun7cKdzwbY4qMea~9GgOrXZZsx8rnkPDLYQWibKLBau~fHUVUOlZ0XCAVUAOHQa5jGlL0T7jwAneZ3gp95WOWdeV~rqgJvjjQrD46Fcf6mVbMuSc8VldGq998Mx-~igMxVA2u4eS82s34AX14uPJZEMj0L7l4UfDp1vbr1sbzFSZT64l66pbFt-cUtCMRYQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37140929"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37140929/Yixing_and_Pseudo_Yixing_a_Misunderstood_Astronomer_Monk"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Yixing and Pseudo-Yixing: a Misunderstood Astronomer-Monk" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57091233/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37140929/Yixing_and_Pseudo_Yixing_a_Misunderstood_Astronomer_Monk">Yixing and Pseudo-Yixing: a Misunderstood Astronomer-Monk</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kotyk, Jeffrey. “Yixing and Pseudo-Yixing: a Misunderstood Astronomer-Monk.” Journal of Chinese B...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kotyk, Jeffrey. “Yixing and Pseudo-Yixing: a Misunderstood Astronomer-Monk.” Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies 31 (2018): 1–37.<br /><br />The present study argues that we must differentiate between the historical Yixing (673–727), an eminent Chinese monk, and the later legend that developed: a pseudo-Yixing, to whom various texts incorporating elements of astral magic and astrology were attributed. Scholars have not adequately differentiated between the historical Yixing and the later fictionalized figure, resulting in misunderstandings about the evolution of Buddhist astrology in China, and more specifically Yixing's role within it, in addition to the chronology of Buddho-Daoist interactions. This corrective study examines some Buddhist texts attributed to Yixing and proves that they are all products of the ninth-century.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bb8ee389e508e5a29b23b537f74eeb83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57091233,"asset_id":37140929,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57091233/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37140929"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37140929"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37140929; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37140929]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37140929]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37140929; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37140929']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bb8ee389e508e5a29b23b537f74eeb83" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37140929]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37140929,"title":"Yixing and Pseudo-Yixing: a Misunderstood Astronomer-Monk","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37140929/Yixing_and_Pseudo_Yixing_a_Misunderstood_Astronomer_Monk","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"ZmNoUkx5YTNoSGdEaHVFY01lbW1raTFPV2wvVmQ0TmNZaUh3UUp1c0NnUT0tLWk5VUVzVlVQQldPejlFUnNXV21DQlE9PQ==--fb25bc73dcf2c834290ba60c63603daccd8eb5d6"},"attachments":[{"id":57091233,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57091233/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"jcbs3101_Kotyk1-37.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57091233/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Yixing_and_Pseudo_Yixing_a_Misunderstood.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57091233/jcbs3101_Kotyk1-37-libre.pdf?1532819908=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DYixing_and_Pseudo_Yixing_a_Misunderstood.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=WLE6N5gXsuU4btSza0VS017fNpjS8vYT4f9SuCkTxxpUFcBFYrYEK~UzEXddwqtQGal8h3NpIr4qyIxmR0vhsgPPKfdHGG9b-~GXe~suD3pe~QwSHAGPMTWSW-LS1G4AoVRj2K-SlKCWQz0tIIVTj9eLL1rB2CO309laQZZG6Z5oE3kMeKhwsS2y-7-YMowmv2-sST5g8Hlh18LJvZn9ZZ83tfZo00qx~Fzm4UJkx14~EgZdZjUZfKsM~CeVch6D8JjjPuACGqfCYkckoZqVuPcOsHoTDyyeL3U6tjKgG2NSjNkIf~~DjUCoh5HAV~dEreP4aMPjEedVEQz5wrjx3A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36828805"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36828805/Japanese_Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_Mikky%C5%8D_and_Sukuy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Japanese Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic: Mikkyō and Sukuyōdō" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56780578/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36828805/Japanese_Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_Mikky%C5%8D_and_Sukuy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D">Japanese Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic: Mikkyō and Sukuyōdō</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study investigates the sources of Japanese Buddhist astrology and astral magic while also ex...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study investigates the sources of Japanese Buddhist astrology and astral magic while also examining their later developments, arguing that a significant amount of such arts actually originated in the Near East. Two types of Buddhist astrology are identified: “Mikkyō Astrology,” which was primarily used to determine auspicious days for rituals in Shingon and Tendai, and Sukuyōdō, the sole Japanese tradition to practice horoscopy. The role of astral magic within these Buddhist traditions is furthermore examined, with a particular focus on the Japanese reception of icons that in large part originated from Iranian sources that had been earlier received in Tang China. Finally, this study attempts to demonstrate the larger cultural significance of Buddhist astrology in medieval Japanese society.<br /><br />Kotyk, Jeffrey. "Japanese Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic: Mikkyō and Sukuyōdō." Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 45, no. 1 (2018): 37-86.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="90bbf24b33d322ab0e89432c8f636760" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56780578,"asset_id":36828805,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56780578/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36828805"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36828805"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36828805; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36828805]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36828805]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36828805; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36828805']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "90bbf24b33d322ab0e89432c8f636760" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36828805]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36828805,"title":"Japanese Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic: Mikkyō and Sukuyōdō","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36828805/Japanese_Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_Mikky%C5%8D_and_Sukuy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"RVMwMVdnSXpoRGdhcDByZ002N2E5eHk1UUVQS3ZYMEQ2by9FajQ5M29ZRT0tLThBZDBTTmc4OGd3NVEzK0dvQzhMQVE9PQ==--a6f5298b7bd3cdf1120fdf71384eca07e78a941d"},"attachments":[{"id":56780578,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56780578/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"JJRS_45-1_Kotyk-min.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56780578/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Japanese_Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_M.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56780578/JJRS_45-1_Kotyk-min-libre.pdf?1528803738=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DJapanese_Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_M.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=VyrgEU6LaBS0LhBFGeC3WUdAeWfeRrYVgfAd2meZE4ZFK0ebRQOMIhhA83O4V~M~z-0czoS-W3azwiQKahU90-DaiW5TEhsQ6DUtLFEmi9i00RVXPyUuZfIRB6bAl9yvLBqiVPyiQa8WpmIXJzzgI2nIAk5ahsc6lwDNkBN95jZlISFSOQvnsK8nAy0g8N7FNJIVsVQrdZ-szrHan1e0--gRWV-QluFMJWk4k7CHO1nh4uXq7d1U5hOW4Iqr56j9~wXKEvfP-pt9ttuO~NcQcz1sNCV9UEU1CwBMxYKioKOEQLwwMVlrKtALedtgVPPNfLFAE3CKG18~MJXVmKpWmw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36417209"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36417209/Early_Tantric_Hemerology_in_Chinese_Buddhism_Timing_of_Rituals_According_to_%C5%9Aubhakarasi%E1%B9%83ha_and_Yixing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Early Tantric Hemerology in Chinese Buddhism: Timing of Rituals According to Śubhakarasiṃha and Yixing" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56329810/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36417209/Early_Tantric_Hemerology_in_Chinese_Buddhism_Timing_of_Rituals_According_to_%C5%9Aubhakarasi%E1%B9%83ha_and_Yixing">Early Tantric Hemerology in Chinese Buddhism: Timing of Rituals According to Śubhakarasiṃha and Yixing</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examines the hemerology explained by Śubhakarasiṃha/ Shanwuwei 善無畏 (637–735) and Yixin...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examines the hemerology explained by Śubhakarasiṃha/ Shanwuwei 善無畏 (637–735) and Yixing 一行 (673/683–727) in their commentary on the Mahāvairocana-sūtra. It is argued that this section reflects the astrological interests of the early Tantric Buddhist tradition. It is furthermore pointed out that Yixing’s own astronomical ideas are incorporated into the explanation. The commentary’s limited details, however, would not have enabled a Chinese reader to determine auspicious times on their own without consulting a specialist in Indian astrology, a point which indicates that the commentary was produced for a court audience. <br /> <br />Kotyk, Jeffrey. “Early Tantric Hemerology in Chinese Buddhism: Timing of Rituals According to Śubhakarasiṃha and Yixing.” Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies 13 (2018): 1–29.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="54d3f996ee3595de2b7adeb1b1e69606" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56329810,"asset_id":36417209,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56329810/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36417209"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36417209"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36417209; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36417209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36417209]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36417209; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36417209']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "54d3f996ee3595de2b7adeb1b1e69606" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36417209]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36417209,"title":"Early Tantric Hemerology in Chinese Buddhism: Timing of Rituals According to Śubhakarasiṃha and Yixing","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36417209/Early_Tantric_Hemerology_in_Chinese_Buddhism_Timing_of_Rituals_According_to_%C5%9Aubhakarasi%E1%B9%83ha_and_Yixing","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"T1E4NnpWd0MxTXFkMjAyZEtlTFc0cjFBVGJEVGZOVlNKZzI1TlJRSE16ND0tLWRhdDc4WlM4ankyN1c2dkthYVo5M2c9PQ==--02761ee8967d82b69d52b5d720a856e789fd16a5"},"attachments":[{"id":56329810,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56329810/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kotyk_Jeffrey_Early-Tantric-Hemerology-in-Chinese-Buddhism_1-29-1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56329810/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Early_Tantric_Hemerology_in_Chinese_Budd.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56329810/Kotyk_Jeffrey_Early-Tantric-Hemerology-in-Chinese-Buddhism_1-29-1-libre.pdf?1523873225=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEarly_Tantric_Hemerology_in_Chinese_Budd.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=NjIHbQwz4NWQmYYtd2Gn5ToVeHh~mgnYjzKzgMPvE3rXSmp3b-yzHwueSbOAkv-0v05KGRZKJdBCYAnc41WvImWdcP9hDs1K8ABlHJupYaoyrFyUvV9yW9StltJa5oayRfTapcw2S-45Vr2kqXGGtx32hswJSqv6PbQG4W-Me492h5JipKZzCjZn1mHUeD7RLtEXZZth41mdGC2IIN9bv9QcwDFN9l0UiVe4AJfQxBf6QwAcVUFABReFN0UPLpN7yTIZhAEQQhAjNfdhPDLAKLlxUNivtXptByj4HaiBs~5AjY3lWFDEIrZPf5pUkvc3r5mRei5gw~4EutxFORZfoQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35484261"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35484261/Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_PhD_Dissertation_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic in the Tang Dynasty (PhD Dissertation)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55346969/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35484261/Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_PhD_Dissertation_">Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic in the Tang Dynasty (PhD Dissertation)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study surveys the introduction of astrology into East Asia with a primary focus on the Buddh...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study surveys the introduction of astrology into East Asia with a primary focus on the Buddhist experience of Indian and Iranian astrology during the eighth and ninth centuries. It is argued that prior to the introduction of Esoteric Buddhism during the 8th century, the Chinese sangha had no pressing need to observe astrology. However, following the rising popularity of Tantric rituals, which require proper timing according to non-Chinese astrological conventions, Chinese Buddhism took a deep interest in astrology. This in turn prompted a wider interest in astrology among Chinese elites, encouraging the translation of more foreign works on astrology, even outside of a Buddhist context. It is shown that around the year 800 there was a shift from Indian to Iranian sources of astrology, most likely as a result of ethnic Iranians working at court. Iranian astrology, which included a rich system of horoscopy rooted in the earlier Hellenistic tradition, prompted a booming popular interest in astrology. Buddhists subsequently took up practice of horoscopy for themselves. Chinese Buddhist astrology was then exported to neighboring countries, most notably Japan where it influenced medieval religious and court cultures.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4e32a58f2fd39c6a0c829b5925c7136c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55346969,"asset_id":35484261,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55346969/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35484261"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35484261"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35484261; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35484261]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35484261]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35484261; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35484261']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4e32a58f2fd39c6a0c829b5925c7136c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35484261]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35484261,"title":"Buddhist Astrology and Astral Magic in the Tang Dynasty (PhD Dissertation)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35484261/Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_PhD_Dissertation_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"WUdEeW9zYWlNdjdPNWxlTmNXVFUvcVczMUU5emxQNXVZZWpSQk9NN3ZPND0tLTlRMUd2c2IxaWZjMFlPZ2hwbE9BWGc9PQ==--f143244442d25764c689294f941f32aeacfe5325"},"attachments":[{"id":55346969,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55346969/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"7._2017__PhD_Dissertation_Leiden_University__Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_Jeffrey_Kotyk.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55346969/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55346969/7._2017__PhD_Dissertation_Leiden_University__Buddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_Jeffrey_Kotyk-libre.pdf?1513854577=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBuddhist_Astrology_and_Astral_Magic_in_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=hRdDMsjH8~5QG26czLjaCnAp9FBgbLlazxwAXSABojCvMaVGX1zEE~mdpOSwj~ACCUoeyUZHNYbi-4xE2inVGzJp-kmclrQ2N8ZOXjlmW7fs6mlUqApm5rDAlUCju9y3~u~KxuxZks7OOpMEb-JKCSGmcfENplvTuHDWIT7SpjNOkQQYBjIcmIIIdx9AcHSOoqNpeqEPmbLde7DUKAnQyDmSuEhgwalV~eXbud2TSHhsMnzV6KN~Tl4V85diOziPv7cu3CyBBqTbqRaelaaMVX25HegdD7EtJTtOjMU3qnwe-hzdeNcFYvGOneLECKYHnKfaAbyc7q55q28OmNMQRA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34408763"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34408763/_Can_Monks_Practice_Astrology_Astrology_and_the_Vinaya_in_China_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of "Can Monks Practice Astrology? Astrology and the Vinaya in China."" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54289386/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34408763/_Can_Monks_Practice_Astrology_Astrology_and_the_Vinaya_in_China_">"Can Monks Practice Astrology? Astrology and the Vinaya in China."</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">“Can Monks Practice Astrology? Astrology and the Vinaya in China.” In Rules of Engagement: Medie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">“Can Monks Practice Astrology? Astrology and the Vinaya in China.” In Rules of Engagement: <br />Medieval Traditions of Buddhist Monastic Regulation, eds. Susan Andrews, Jinhua Chen and Cuilan Liu, 503–517. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press, 2017.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="34faa7125f126687193aede6a107ce00" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54289386,"asset_id":34408763,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54289386/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34408763"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34408763"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34408763; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34408763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34408763]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34408763; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34408763']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "34faa7125f126687193aede6a107ce00" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34408763]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34408763,"title":"\"Can Monks Practice Astrology? Astrology and the Vinaya in China.\"","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34408763/_Can_Monks_Practice_Astrology_Astrology_and_the_Vinaya_in_China_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"aU5UanJzNlpiNzlFVjFybzFQdVoxZjM2c0E1ZzJlVVpRY1ZYZlZRMXNDbz0tLUJkVVE5a3BrTE53b2JSYUpteXZGd3c9PQ==--f6d98caef2d8272adca7d0dac0e32b036f747a6e"},"attachments":[{"id":54289386,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54289386/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"j_kotyk_can_monks_practice_astrology_2017.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54289386/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Can_Monks_Practice_Astrology_Astrology.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54289386/j_kotyk_can_monks_practice_astrology_2017-libre.pdf?1504092596=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCan_Monks_Practice_Astrology_Astrology.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=F1QUfqHnlQiYJsbOBC5PE6vQyrgpr3akJg48GziXWMjlZ~MhHnii3LkciE8lBL1bIKL-66U9KRt4kpxCH~0ruN61T4sypCLSydm-w18Wba2dFMz-nZw2SzESwEiChfAceB4pZwsmOOY5NC8Jz-KDkC8oyvqwRsOOF3kWkHmbA2bmQ-MKtjC0dpYeJ8jzGfsrTgkqkM7XxuKTg0kdhGo5CivLd9dR4njlEdIO7~1MBDixGoRFCqy59xDKxjO11hgg69j5OvsH~uDEfMmp1wnxdr~y2VPuV9CRg3hssdQ-Uux47oLt2E9z4-dgqM~Tyg6D2og37WfFX-Rlwm6Dv6K1UA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33764505"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33764505/Iranian_Elements_in_Late_Tang_Buddhist_Astrology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Iranian Elements in Late-Tang Buddhist Astrology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53754215/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33764505/Iranian_Elements_in_Late_Tang_Buddhist_Astrology">Iranian Elements in Late-Tang Buddhist Astrology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Overview of the history of Chinese Buddhist astrology with a special focus on Iranian elements in...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Overview of the history of Chinese Buddhist astrology with a special focus on Iranian elements in the Qiyao rangzai jue 七曜攘災決. Kotyk, Jeffrey. "Iranian Elements in Late-Tang Buddhist Astrology." Asia Major 30, no. 1 (2017): 25-58.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8e0cb1861dda0476b982321ecdad12dc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53754215,"asset_id":33764505,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53754215/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33764505"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33764505"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33764505; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33764505]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33764505]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33764505; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33764505']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8e0cb1861dda0476b982321ecdad12dc" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33764505]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33764505,"title":"Iranian Elements in Late-Tang Buddhist Astrology","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33764505/Iranian_Elements_in_Late_Tang_Buddhist_Astrology","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"dFAzWUcxU0k3cnRTN2pSeEk0UlVQcXBFSG5TVWJiOGtJQllGWU9yRDkrZz0tLVBnVm5wSjZQeVRhUzhGL2hCYnF2ZUE9PQ==--1d7e6dbafef49525c7dda91f2522c694d34ad097"},"attachments":[{"id":53754215,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53754215/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kotyk_J_Iranian_Elements_in_Late-Tang_Buddhist_Astrology_Asia_Major_30__no._2_2017.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53754215/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Iranian_Elements_in_Late_Tang_Buddhist_A.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53754215/Kotyk_J_Iranian_Elements_in_Late-Tang_Buddhist_Astrology_Asia_Major_30__no._2_2017-libre.pdf?1499169314=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIranian_Elements_in_Late_Tang_Buddhist_A.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=NHIh35FLuS0000vuHphuOX8Fp0hhbDHT9NYCx9qZ0fHA77SIeJCboKVMRmavte9Cl5xHGTGIM16zjYasxVhvv0nDaBzLOp~l~Q9l6346gYAK3tMf36xBkRQOpXs1hfq0ICqGufSxxHhxcLrSmZm6JAQqIjeCY9acbpf2gk3cieIR~9LHDc7RrufuR5sBtZtW9m3pGgmTJF2fsiPpTH857ybcYZ4hXuLNAKqk6KzSL7CNsTiFrUN6sMuFLDj-7UYgI4tZvOL2rVVL4LsQuEjJV32AgOvQQKs62rZ8AoGMBrwpDhJfCk2eEcEc3umq~U~GDMkiSc-HVS2pgZmofxkIKg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33726873"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33726873/Astrological_Iconography_of_Planetary_Deities_in_Tang_China_Near_Eastern_and_Indian_Icons_in_Chinese_Buddhism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Astrological Iconography of Planetary Deities in Tang China: Near Eastern and Indian Icons in Chinese Buddhism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53722175/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33726873/Astrological_Iconography_of_Planetary_Deities_in_Tang_China_Near_Eastern_and_Indian_Icons_in_Chinese_Buddhism">Astrological Iconography of Planetary Deities in Tang China: Near Eastern and Indian Icons in Chinese Buddhism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examines the planetary icons found in East Asian art, arguing that they should be divi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examines the planetary icons found in East Asian art, arguing that they should be divided into three sets: Indian, zoomorphic and Iranian-Mesopotamian. It is demonstrated that the Indian icons are earlier representations of the navagraha directly from India. The latter two are identified as coming from an Iranian source. The Iranian-Mesopotamian icons are further discussed in relation to parallels found in the Picatrix, the Latin translation of an Arabic manual of astral magic. The roles of these icons within the magical traditions of Buddhism and Daoism are identified. It is proven that such astral magic was also imported from Near Eastern sources.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8916d3af3423cd816307aee456ce5175" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53722175,"asset_id":33726873,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53722175/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33726873"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33726873"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33726873; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33726873]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33726873]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33726873; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33726873']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8916d3af3423cd816307aee456ce5175" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33726873]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33726873,"title":"Astrological Iconography of Planetary Deities in Tang China: Near Eastern and Indian Icons in Chinese Buddhism","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33726873/Astrological_Iconography_of_Planetary_Deities_in_Tang_China_Near_Eastern_and_Indian_Icons_in_Chinese_Buddhism","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"VDQwWkxOcG05NFFWUjdJd2tFbUNRaHdUeStiZnB4OCtnemJtbTh3UEYvWT0tLXNsUHRWeVlCb2s2TFFnNTdGUnE1Qmc9PQ==--b2537fc0d1ab51d82a657285641f17f2d5068215"},"attachments":[{"id":53722175,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53722175/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"journal_of_chinese_buddhist_studies_astrological_iconography.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53722175/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Astrological_Iconography_of_Planetary_De.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53722175/journal_of_chinese_buddhist_studies_astrological_iconography-libre.pdf?1498914241=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAstrological_Iconography_of_Planetary_De.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=dcx8DTO5Sb-fUzbEUoE3rGE2j8f2xvYSCGHQMPzFBnKI2Q2Bcu265Rgb2CB16a70JhIFASekXiS3oiU5qhdPMsPxH~x78QZc~5xtbFBPUnATT5TK3rEvPe2iiE8LSGrInMjG7xFj4EXtDDPxFmPxiy6iMaCGrpb8KetG65ZPbW3YhN5C1tHp8CCAi5lVaGHsrfPrXn-p99g1wE31ZnsELl59xuiXKeJiW~xCBu-znC8pRE0gW32KZgICTYnci3irB2uIiM1ka9QKVMdXqB8IpcTHDm8WoSrksEcGaGeOlLHtnBp0C6HzbpBJsnq5yQZ4YwZJJM9lVIZ02VOQl6U9yQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2897466" id="dictionaryentries"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30242287"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30242287/DDB_Nestorian_Christianity_in_China_%E6%99%AF%E6%95%99"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Nestorian Christianity in China 景教" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50707236/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30242287/DDB_Nestorian_Christianity_in_China_%E6%99%AF%E6%95%99">DDB: Nestorian Christianity in China 景教</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. November, 2016. A survey of materials and scholarship conce...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. November, 2016. A survey of materials and scholarship concerning Nestorianism / East-Syriac Christianity in China.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1c186eeaa27cb28daf7572729552827c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50707236,"asset_id":30242287,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50707236/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30242287"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30242287"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30242287; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30242287]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30242287]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30242287; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30242287']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1c186eeaa27cb28daf7572729552827c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30242287]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30242287,"title":"DDB: Nestorian Christianity in China 景教","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30242287/DDB_Nestorian_Christianity_in_China_%E6%99%AF%E6%95%99","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"RzhsUlkrZms2ZDZqd0ltU2hHblpwbkd1aE5JRlI2cktmNUwydE9UV0Jhdz0tLTMyVTYvOFFPd0drNEplT1lZNkRMUGc9PQ==--f878d4cc1bf84428a616fd66f0bf09c9be86100e"},"attachments":[{"id":50707236,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50707236/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Nestorian_Christianity_景教_DDB_entry_Jeffrey_Kotyk_nov_2016.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50707236/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Nestorian_Christianity_in_China.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50707236/Nestorian_Christianity_%E6%99%AF%E6%95%99_DDB_entry_Jeffrey_Kotyk_nov_2016-libre.pdf?1480865464=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Nestorian_Christianity_in_China.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=Y77of2TFN~zOB~gMfR-7ELCB1y-nTRJ9xkF7z3vKSrVSW38ajQxHQFsC7QYfx9ZmDagiibv0nJMDYXqMG84P5ZAwS4O1YefshRSoLJAnLd4ahTP1epIqLS8oDZNCn6pZ37BLLF6w0IQtqAgOuKHhPAIRFaOzOHTHMqUTQdr1ECUY42BqFBBucMPdftngIqL0Y4Mxti0lvcNpqKyuumi2xMfX1aLO~UrpI7WYcJpnYpxOe3-EeT5HbEIgkD7s8AuFpFN95Nr4YtR3i7WW6NgepM62zz2oPb~m6~q7hE0FFtSS~PToO165HSyxfL~DUDUhhq4Mj3MDsMPVSHSi8DHYdA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21341525"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21341525/DDB_Ga%E1%B9%87e%C5%9Ba_%E6%AD%A1%E5%96%9C%E5%A4%A9"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Gaṇeśa 歡喜天" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41824439/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21341525/DDB_Ga%E1%B9%87e%C5%9Ba_%E6%AD%A1%E5%96%9C%E5%A4%A9">DDB: Gaṇeśa 歡喜天</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. January, 2016. A survey of the deity Gaṇeśa in Hinduism, Bu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. January, 2016. A survey of the deity Gaṇeśa in Hinduism, Buddhism and Asian cultures.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6cc7e35af68e88625a1deb6218cf3fd6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":41824439,"asset_id":21341525,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41824439/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21341525"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21341525"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21341525; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21341525]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21341525]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21341525; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='21341525']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6cc7e35af68e88625a1deb6218cf3fd6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=21341525]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":21341525,"title":"DDB: Gaṇeśa 歡喜天","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21341525/DDB_Ga%E1%B9%87e%C5%9Ba_%E6%AD%A1%E5%96%9C%E5%A4%A9","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"Qkk3RFlJL0NtM0F1aGx4OEZLY3lua1YyVEcvVVlwSXdlelhobXJOR0hycz0tLWFWVW9nbllZUkxWNXludEhSbWtKL0E9PQ==--5ca60bb3355487fbff4a5d67215601d3b4019c04"},"attachments":[{"id":41824439,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41824439/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DDB_entry_for_Ganesh_歡喜天_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41824439/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Gaesa.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41824439/DDB_entry_for_Ganesh_%E6%AD%A1%E5%96%9C%E5%A4%A9_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1454285391=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Gaesa.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=M-snKAfaw8Lu4hyvg803LRLCkRj5sWL0hIJQ~IncY6zjetNkWe-8P4Iq5D6OB1CzVY9wmt2AGAp0Wleq60OLDxESB8YJIBcEiGJiS07rr490qyZih3qTZTKUv4xhQewBwI14FFAsx7bJ5D6BuGTL2BSz3H8RtGJERFevNZrOK0qlEgxzBnsjItJ5HhVWh1A76416IMNYEEqRIWMz9uq~qXybgMkrGG8ryiKS3l9GYMKwoceZTPzs53qT~V~HhKuITHxXdhR63di07AeYPn2u2sLfy8jnxRjf2S2WJDjhO7pnXRSKh-sPhzC3auz~NbyEgoygwVvVbg2i~rJBhajKgg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="16362590"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/16362590/DDB_Secrets_of_Seven_Planet_Apotropaism_%E4%B8%83%E6%9B%9C%E6%94%98%E7%81%BD%E6%B1%BA_Buddhist_Astrology_Manual_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Secrets of Seven-Planet Apotropaism 七曜攘災決 (Buddhist Astrology Manual)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38962301/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/16362590/DDB_Secrets_of_Seven_Planet_Apotropaism_%E4%B8%83%E6%9B%9C%E6%94%98%E7%81%BD%E6%B1%BA_Buddhist_Astrology_Manual_">DDB: Secrets of Seven-Planet Apotropaism 七曜攘災決 (Buddhist Astrology Manual)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. September, 2015. Details the history and contents of the Se...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. September, 2015. Details the history and contents of the Secrets of Seven-Planet Apotropaism 七曜攘災決, a late Tang Chinese Buddhist astrology manual.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="70d0cf63a31d6b4832e41b7b6e287100" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38962301,"asset_id":16362590,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38962301/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="16362590"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16362590"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16362590; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16362590]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16362590]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16362590; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='16362590']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "70d0cf63a31d6b4832e41b7b6e287100" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=16362590]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":16362590,"title":"DDB: Secrets of Seven-Planet Apotropaism 七曜攘災決 (Buddhist Astrology Manual)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16362590/DDB_Secrets_of_Seven_Planet_Apotropaism_%E4%B8%83%E6%9B%9C%E6%94%98%E7%81%BD%E6%B1%BA_Buddhist_Astrology_Manual_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"ZG9FT09EYWNZYkxvQTJIQnExUVYxU2xGWnQ0WTNWMlRPODRPQ3YvSG1JQT0tLW15emk4N2dpczY0c0xOS1h6ZGNYSEE9PQ==--c5ba0a87496eb7929423d6e38bc41b9a95375f21"},"attachments":[{"id":38962301,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38962301/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DDB_entry_Secrets_of_Seven-Planet_Apotropaism_七曜攘災決_Jeffrey_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38962301/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Secrets_of_Seven_Planet_Apotropaism.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38962301/DDB_entry_Secrets_of_Seven-Planet_Apotropaism_%E4%B8%83%E6%9B%9C%E6%94%98%E7%81%BD%E6%B1%BA_Jeffrey_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1443710496=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Secrets_of_Seven_Planet_Apotropaism.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=Uk0k94RInf7ZL4mjikxGPF66JK9fHsXQ1w5r2f7-1PEdRdA89KGDuxs6CgNE-0PeR53t8J-riexn2R2q53I0~DM1YiTFJYUEgkMDAckST48creBG0SExHJAzxgtcoIB0swF4Zqri~EulHTOSK6n1JQ2tvnnsi7yCQNuV4--dvGBpn2uztrDdpCmvupiVISSwqBGGDvYbkn9gp0OcXwIftsCOJaVEMHS5beeGzSVj1hBieonxpkybhCsmio3uAkh4y-2xf0RhIk~EK4g5Aw2CkRWdNMMdkA9xikllNJuSsw9cSCUvOCpaKD8qaWbI0eTZXb51AOxenBlx~MmJQmgk6Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14532280"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/14532280/DDB_M%C4%81ta%E1%B9%85ga_s%C5%ABtra_%C5%9A%C4%81rd%C5%ABlakar%E1%B9%87%C4%81vad%C4%81na_%E6%91%A9%E7%99%BB%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Mātaṅga-sūtra (Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna) 摩登伽經" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38345951/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/14532280/DDB_M%C4%81ta%E1%B9%85ga_s%C5%ABtra_%C5%9A%C4%81rd%C5%ABlakar%E1%B9%87%C4%81vad%C4%81na_%E6%91%A9%E7%99%BB%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93">DDB: Mātaṅga-sūtra (Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna) 摩登伽經</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. July, 2015. Details of the Mātaṅga-sūtra (Śārdūlakarṇāvadān...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. July, 2015. Details of the Mātaṅga-sūtra (Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna) 摩登伽經, a Buddhist text. It is story thirty-three entitled Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna in the Divyāvadāna collection. This early sūtra is significant in its use of mantras, anti-Vedic polemic and encyclopedic detailing of pre-Hellenized Indian astrology (i.e., before horoscopy).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a0844924fca42598dbbc3f81230a11b1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38345951,"asset_id":14532280,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38345951/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14532280"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14532280"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14532280; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14532280]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14532280]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14532280; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='14532280']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a0844924fca42598dbbc3f81230a11b1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=14532280]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":14532280,"title":"DDB: Mātaṅga-sūtra (Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna) 摩登伽經","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14532280/DDB_M%C4%81ta%E1%B9%85ga_s%C5%ABtra_%C5%9A%C4%81rd%C5%ABlakar%E1%B9%87%C4%81vad%C4%81na_%E6%91%A9%E7%99%BB%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"VHBVUUVOMEtxSU84UVVXSkw5S1pLR1RwNDFjSmJXeUVWQS9zQW9QSGtLST0tLUhBc3k1Q2RYNk95bTJjb3QwMzJ2bVE9PQ==--227c1b928af14e78a1f98f24deaf76a25444735f"},"attachments":[{"id":38345951,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38345951/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DDB_entry_Mataṅga-sutra_Sardulakarṇavadana_摩登伽經__Jeffrey_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38345951/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Mataga_sutra_Sardulakaravadana.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38345951/DDB_entry_Mata%E1%B9%85ga-sutra_Sardulakar%E1%B9%87avadana_%E6%91%A9%E7%99%BB%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93__Jeffrey_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1438355099=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Mataga_sutra_Sardulakaravadana.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=Uls3ifOMxY2wGjmv39b-I1IeT3~ttevGsQokZv6NI6biiS9M8AknNeX8QwhkvZ07RF~KrCZZZof1RikfiNa-rWcGa3PCDXI4JWknzuCg-yevAAPtjeRtaMyVih0KpLvaPQzM~p3HhzifH6QO8oG3BtVI3tyzfBzVEIr59~0mngJe-JMdkynx0mIeK11QJh0Uc9051wVRiQAfBOivRNe~39D-ox5aIyidMJteeE3zFp03qUt1SHywQa37IetugKusGObe4nSfPT3S-VI3ejZSWM~5EUnSDAYdXEZKii6YHiUojHGs9Hz6Bk7zYEYEYaBrOnKIqtmv-goxEdPbyJM6KQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13456709"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13456709/DDB_Amoghavajras_Xiuyao_jing_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B6%93_Buddhist_Astrology_Manual_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Amoghavajra's Xiuyao jing 宿曜經 (Buddhist Astrology Manual)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38054355/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13456709/DDB_Amoghavajras_Xiuyao_jing_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B6%93_Buddhist_Astrology_Manual_">DDB: Amoghavajra's Xiuyao jing 宿曜經 (Buddhist Astrology Manual)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. June, 2015. Details the history and contents of Amoghavajra...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. June, 2015. Details the history and contents of Amoghavajra's Xiuyao jing 宿曜經, an astrology manual attributed to Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva compiled in Chinese between 759-764, but with no known parallels in Sanskrit or Tibet.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9f592ef0e4bc210095261a48ee07ca8e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38054355,"asset_id":13456709,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38054355/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13456709"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13456709"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13456709; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13456709]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13456709]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13456709; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13456709']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9f592ef0e4bc210095261a48ee07ca8e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13456709]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13456709,"title":"DDB: Amoghavajra's Xiuyao jing 宿曜經 (Buddhist Astrology Manual)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13456709/DDB_Amoghavajras_Xiuyao_jing_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B6%93_Buddhist_Astrology_Manual_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"NUlXL0JRYVJyems0VzZhV0Vmc3ZnSlhNd25WM0o0QTVUcVlQbVNIbDZKRT0tLVFTRE50cXdIU1NlVDJJc2x0TWkxblE9PQ==--2d678262f7b3855b82886fbc4980be69eace512a"},"attachments":[{"id":38054355,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38054355/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DDB_entry_Xiuyaojing_宿曜經_Jeffrey_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38054355/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Amoghavajras_Xiuyao_jing__Buddhis.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38054355/DDB_entry_Xiuyaojing_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E7%B6%93_Jeffrey_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1435724387=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Amoghavajras_Xiuyao_jing__Buddhis.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=eFjr~KK2qdGuGMS3kAqSylF08Yyk1svex9wXo7lyDzT68r3Nde1XjRqBZP71kHyfXoqKr5wBXlmmL~KEuNGABmsfZV4mn7k~KsQ6mGGnZ80n9YkXJJYBcEU0QUBkIQDfq9nYa7-9cZ4kXbP28YKVRmTTFd7KvSXpfJx4mRQ9rmTdBDwY6rYLm1d8~nE8tZup50oMwWAA0D8~vKU3WNvV7gqmROgXh3ppahrlihWXfq~zx~F-s~wpfQnfn-KnUJyK8sEElZ2WLeiZ0zmwPTXaKMj1B0mZXnChi0dMd5Bsyr2C5yk1OoI5-OTy4Iwj-cvz3Li1O76To5Pq5pHGVlQRZw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12166155"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12166155/DDB_Sukuy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E9%81%93_Japanese_Buddhist_Astrologers_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Sukuyōdō 宿曜道 (Japanese Buddhist Astrologers)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38451213/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12166155/DDB_Sukuy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E9%81%93_Japanese_Buddhist_Astrologers_">DDB: Sukuyōdō 宿曜道 (Japanese Buddhist Astrologers)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. April, 2015. Details the origins, history and development o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. April, 2015. Details the origins, history and development of Sukuyōdō 宿曜道, a community of Buddhist astrologers in Japan (10th to 14th centuries).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ba1b005f60e49da2695ecfe8e2fa1a39" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38451213,"asset_id":12166155,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38451213/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12166155"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12166155"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12166155; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12166155]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12166155]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12166155; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12166155']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ba1b005f60e49da2695ecfe8e2fa1a39" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12166155]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12166155,"title":"DDB: Sukuyōdō 宿曜道 (Japanese Buddhist Astrologers)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12166155/DDB_Sukuy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E9%81%93_Japanese_Buddhist_Astrologers_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"NFFCRkE2djdvb0pxUm9HL1lwWmd5RDVjZmRYZzdzeHkwYjNzbkFGdFNSaz0tLXhoRVJYd2hRMzhqdVJlNDRpOURvWGc9PQ==--9dc05fe4eb87944db48ad9b0748c1ab1382dc4b9"},"attachments":[{"id":38451213,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38451213/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DDB_entry_Sukuyodo_宿曜道_Jeffrey_KOTYK_12aug2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38451213/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Sukuyodo__Japanese_Buddhist_Astro.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38451213/DDB_entry_Sukuyodo_%E5%AE%BF%E6%9B%9C%E9%81%93_Jeffrey_KOTYK_12aug2015-libre.pdf?1439353122=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Sukuyodo__Japanese_Buddhist_Astro.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=d9-xoM74a6EJhLOkwuKHl2miL0HzIQGdjaD3zoU3Cp9r66xmzGvPXCF1xNowf7BUcdVNOXNtkZHl4Hnwoc-yaTLUIPg70BYF~xFK3g1vbzWViBEMLOmjfVgYD1aW4FRtT-utWBX541RWXtpl-GNQA0CrVJjo52xbrECxaeoCjHJspK5rdRw1Rf11VLIrmEpbrsyRQhnN~y5yabJnr4O-8VPQXmqZLW1RJx-YeDVFCpa4sbwuOOVcjRtpu3uSYoAgS9xMnP3Dm~vt5aZm05INAusZ7YgexQdK2xeWMgvZM2w6z0Vk~kmhskKniWNcAcZt3NKOWxnTu6fcuJxqGG-SAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12844862"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12844862/DDB_Twenty_Eight_Constellations_%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E5%AE%BF"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Twenty-Eight Constellations 二十八宿" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37849131/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12844862/DDB_Twenty_Eight_Constellations_%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E5%AE%BF">DDB: Twenty-Eight Constellations 二十八宿</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. February, 2015. Details about the twenty-eight Indian nakṣa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. February, 2015. Details about the twenty-eight Indian nakṣatra or Chinese xiu 宿.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d0841b53648a7210e24955e94a1857d5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37849131,"asset_id":12844862,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37849131/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12844862"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12844862"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12844862; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12844862]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12844862]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12844862; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12844862']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d0841b53648a7210e24955e94a1857d5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12844862]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12844862,"title":"DDB: Twenty-Eight Constellations 二十八宿","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12844862/DDB_Twenty_Eight_Constellations_%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E5%AE%BF","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"VE9pTTNvQWxaS3hYVEV6dzM4djVzRXhqZGdzemlJajRLRGlPbGpIZ3FJcz0tLUMycFY2Wm9EU092U0hyUnFtWUR2ZFE9PQ==--7a26d7b364baeca60ccb1fa288a1520bcb32109a"},"attachments":[{"id":37849131,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37849131/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DDB_entry_for_Twenty-Eight_Constellations_二十八宿_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37849131/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Twenty_Eight_Constellations.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37849131/DDB_entry_for_Twenty-Eight_Constellations_%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E5%AE%BF_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1433692874=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Twenty_Eight_Constellations.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=FNrD9tf3i5VtDPHt3Mn~ruGneO0Hjt84wLtTZruPF7h9qRySLxW5tMoQSuCTLPrIPckf8OCE1ujGwS078NKKgTuWkvAZu4S-H~QLzTwtMPIhk20gsPIfPzw9npKxr86XArwQeqkZ-N3yYaBRMkaa0ycCVA6i2lIw74ZeT8npTWlMekxkZvYOhKoqMN2qUbAXzGgXEAyj9uInxW4pMwZIkXiqGfZb-fzBVnHaou4MuCw46OWD9gMlxr9Wkavrh6~JsHPpjZSvkhjd0v2IOJjzAlIpS6Jg8uFo5z6ANLbXDxOUGz1SXG2xMypxM6P5Fp4g5rHxSfvnjF1pRBemJ8xung__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12844659"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12844659/DDB_Nepal_%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85_in_Chinese_sources_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Nepal 尼波羅 (in Chinese sources)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37849080/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12844659/DDB_Nepal_%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85_in_Chinese_sources_">DDB: Nepal 尼波羅 (in Chinese sources)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. March, 2015. Details in brief the ancient accounts and feat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. March, 2015. Details in brief the ancient accounts and features of Nepal in Chinese sources. For a full study see Jeffrey Kotyk, "References to Nepal in Classical Chinese Sources," (2015). Draft available on academia.edu.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0838448e1c3e303238351f85d4916ba3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37849080,"asset_id":12844659,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37849080/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12844659"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12844659"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12844659; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12844659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12844659]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12844659; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12844659']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0838448e1c3e303238351f85d4916ba3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12844659]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12844659,"title":"DDB: Nepal 尼波羅 (in Chinese sources)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12844659/DDB_Nepal_%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85_in_Chinese_sources_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"cTlOVk54cXZCUHNNa0h1Q2hJR1V3a21lU21Ga2JrUUkxT1hLMkNEa1V1Yz0tLXpWaDY5Z2VDblZzemlSVmh4R0ZEWVE9PQ==--305bfc58e6efcc55209bbc7366aa01a5f5480c4b"},"attachments":[{"id":37849080,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37849080/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DDB_entry_for_Nepal_尼波羅_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37849080/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Nepal__in_Chinese_sources.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37849080/DDB_entry_for_Nepal_%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1433692190=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Nepal__in_Chinese_sources.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=R6J6klK-2hks8rhYx3f3Rt-XQporPOZuFbXSuDuJAT1DlDc05zMs-DnjnmY6D8rZQKOi0yo2ZuQ7a1v7HOibWoWtAEp0WtuttW1k7Hh7Lm8A1jBv4O~-XBa8ekX2hE9mqjx591B~~bgFO-ECHDWfyNGCmRFwo9I4DVGIUT~LixVDtEawhTc1TfHzpE-qHSNsGs5QeOhzCjabJlY6w61hT78-gMOFakcOq4Ttu6TRXgbASTj5s9R5SOG90IjEAflD7hSFTv7OSi1PouPvxhpa-ALPO7Ejbcop3aNVa9Xk-ir--V4d81UulZjrl1UnVAbLXLqcI3~7KXLwr9lA6OTKgg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12844613"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12844613/DDB_Seven_Planets_%E4%B8%83%E6%9B%9C_in_East_Asian_Buddhism_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Seven Planets 七曜 (in East Asian Buddhism)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37849153/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12844613/DDB_Seven_Planets_%E4%B8%83%E6%9B%9C_in_East_Asian_Buddhism_">DDB: Seven Planets 七曜 (in East Asian Buddhism)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. March, 2015. Details the seven planets in East Asian Buddhism.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="57c6238f54da90756522610ff6faa043" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37849153,"asset_id":12844613,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37849153/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12844613"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12844613"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12844613; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12844613]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12844613]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12844613; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12844613']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "57c6238f54da90756522610ff6faa043" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12844613]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12844613,"title":"DDB: Seven Planets 七曜 (in East Asian Buddhism)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12844613/DDB_Seven_Planets_%E4%B8%83%E6%9B%9C_in_East_Asian_Buddhism_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"cVJ2SXIwaEJGeDI0R0RUbkRmVlRGYjVnMjJXblZQUUNjUml1NDRaUWNRcz0tLXNNSjE2blpaYUlSSWg0RVIxMnRjT2c9PQ==--b54ae38acd1faf1ba6187ba07bf607a509e0e1bb"},"attachments":[{"id":37849153,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37849153/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DDB_entry_for_Seven_Planets_七曜_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37849153/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Seven_Planets__in_East_Asian_Buddh.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37849153/DDB_entry_for_Seven_Planets_%E4%B8%83%E6%9B%9C_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1433693295=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Seven_Planets__in_East_Asian_Buddh.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=O0QRXc4Cf75mNQrAZ~2wFWDQiV540CZnj2r~Tth1Zxc8J6pnMJLCnoe7zqroZRVU3~mei9seE4ntg43Hu5w6xItK~4X5zXbZCARJ0vj~NEyvoCJ3P6VFCKWnc6X0og-TZfCDYUwEIXhnscQSwV9ooN3R3jEWb7O6h6v5riM1Fzhq6vVxRDSSDVHuuZHPt2u4jHlUguabdeT8haqTIX3PiObfRMI0Ik82iN2NCgKLlk-ATCwf3nteeBuKmNn-65aZYIiOdy~PcZBUVikUc6vNS0V~vAbIP0iqlJUpFrKkfSdb15kF1apkm9NdzXtR4KVObsMKEkLHbwbQf10NzNPDRA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12716593"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12716593/DDB_Qinglongsi_%E9%9D%92%E9%BE%8D%E5%AF%BA_monastery_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Qinglongsi 青龍寺 (monastery)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37792716/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12716593/DDB_Qinglongsi_%E9%9D%92%E9%BE%8D%E5%AF%BA_monastery_">DDB: Qinglongsi 青龍寺 (monastery)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. March, 2015. Details on the Qinglongsi 青龍寺 (monastery) in C...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. March, 2015. Details on the Qinglongsi 青龍寺 (monastery) in Chang'an 長安.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e30ec81e47a0634faf09a86a67a53352" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37792716,"asset_id":12716593,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37792716/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12716593"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12716593"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12716593; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12716593]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12716593]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12716593; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12716593']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e30ec81e47a0634faf09a86a67a53352" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12716593]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12716593,"title":"DDB: Qinglongsi 青龍寺 (monastery)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12716593/DDB_Qinglongsi_%E9%9D%92%E9%BE%8D%E5%AF%BA_monastery_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"Y3NqNzZ2aUVQN3Q4L2RtcittaXdJUWdtWXhUeDBnVXcvbWNqc3RzY2FDND0tLUl5ejBvMU9TQjM2N3hSc3F2Uk5oaWc9PQ==--ea59c28c087b5d6d87aec1a39fb10718c0aa2128"},"attachments":[{"id":37792716,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37792716/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DDB_entry_for_Qinglongsi_青龍寺_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37792716/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Qinglongsi__monastery.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37792716/DDB_entry_for_Qinglongsi_%E9%9D%92%E9%BE%8D%E5%AF%BA_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1433150807=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Qinglongsi__monastery.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=CT3D2eQUhdSNWfYWCRU0F~sZtnWXo5eOqnPhLaipc4-VS0ku~R6QRfM9h1fWu0OeekARKlU0zYCUPhRh2QeAlvqYkM~dW41SpQ~EFORtxezjlRLFncNXR2L2jW0jNsW0JzBJvsOldrFWYys4HCnhyFIMT6TcqooVI8YglAcVfsx5mnQOHf~mx69bgXcnn~KDrZnG2VPLZuCpZkF-0RdQmhp0aVM1U2SLf3RaYvj6jeh5p3z1~iSb2it9YMERvN-eB4gCfR1eBlRWLJ94Q8lwIwxXtW6JGdyuFw9UI54yQ78oAPzkpNfIwqw0meNLSmzaw-X9Z4KBvC-jb9VSrk1wlA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12715746"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12715746/DDB_Futian_li_calendar_%E7%AC%A6%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Futian li (calendar) 符天曆" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37792524/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12715746/DDB_Futian_li_calendar_%E7%AC%A6%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86">DDB: Futian li (calendar) 符天曆</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. May, 2015. Details on the Futian li 符天曆 calendar compiled b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. May, 2015. Details on the Futian li 符天曆 calendar compiled by Cao Shiwei Cao Shiwei 曹士蒍 between 780–783.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9c421d933fd5010cb21ec09bab6bd29d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37792524,"asset_id":12715746,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37792524/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12715746"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12715746"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12715746; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12715746]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12715746]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12715746; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12715746']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9c421d933fd5010cb21ec09bab6bd29d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12715746]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12715746,"title":"DDB: Futian li (calendar) 符天曆","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12715746/DDB_Futian_li_calendar_%E7%AC%A6%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"V0NmWmUxbEgzTHdDSXNtZkRaVnpBeHY1TnQvZkNvWkdBcnY3WnJOUXU4MD0tLVluU2RWNldVZXFzTWlZUER0WWplUGc9PQ==--dd94c46f08a90b2c427699b36111f69594c0df3c"},"attachments":[{"id":37792524,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37792524/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DDB_entry_for_Futian_li_calendar_符天曆_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37792524/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Futian_li_calendar.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37792524/DDB_entry_for_Futian_li_calendar_%E7%AC%A6%E5%A4%A9%E6%9B%86_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1433149940=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Futian_li_calendar.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=GcCCDFB8EAsY7YfAGEYS3Xh9dcOyIa4S-JmNgvIDVAzswjy9vm0zbT8WIbeFbJttlxcJGoZvWCLFKjsCkejscL12z5tPHkkhJVj2JVlf2EQMJ129B4OUPUEhXYAUedQdbEhg6WnMhdh4BwxbdQwZLK~bAtrsh9FE-tscF8X3HQ6K6dir0-sqWKUv74TeFVglp~wdHniOqhZ69cD4nPhaiKv9~67jan7HK43TCoClwJZiJ8r4ZYs2PPLERMUUxENLihrhE9Ic1g46b5ngnME2r3MoXoLDoUYHGtK~P8lO9AA3YysE68egA2TXzNIjxqYX40jyV4EkHp6kuDpwYWdstA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12715673"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12715673/DDB_Wu_xing_dayi_%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E7%BE%A9_by_Xiao_Ji_%E8%95%AD%E5%90%89"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of DDB: Wu xing dayi 五行大義 by Xiao Ji 蕭吉" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37792492/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12715673/DDB_Wu_xing_dayi_%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E7%BE%A9_by_Xiao_Ji_%E8%95%AD%E5%90%89">DDB: Wu xing dayi 五行大義 by Xiao Ji 蕭吉</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. March, 2015. Details on the Wu xing dayi 五行大義 by Xiao Ji 蕭吉...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Digital Dictionary of Buddhism entry. March, 2015. Details on the Wu xing dayi 五行大義 by Xiao Ji 蕭吉 (c. 530–610)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8e73456c35317475ec098f02453d4d26" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":37792492,"asset_id":12715673,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37792492/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12715673"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12715673"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12715673; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12715673]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12715673]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12715673; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12715673']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8e73456c35317475ec098f02453d4d26" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12715673]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12715673,"title":"DDB: Wu xing dayi 五行大義 by Xiao Ji 蕭吉","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12715673/DDB_Wu_xing_dayi_%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E7%BE%A9_by_Xiao_Ji_%E8%95%AD%E5%90%89","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"aHJkRFdZZ1I3R09XRHZ3QzA3K0RJY0lSb21VMjUzdjRMMjRucXpPUE5DTT0tLUpsNGNqYjkwM2JvY2JRNDVjdFVUSFE9PQ==--771e5b543d9196cf2d5e7e4e392fc1eba6eee8ae"},"attachments":[{"id":37792492,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/37792492/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"DDB_entry_for_Wu_xing_da_yi_五行大義_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37792492/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"DDB_Wu_xing_dayi__by_Xiao_Ji.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/37792492/DDB_entry_for_Wu_xing_da_yi_%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%A7%E7%BE%A9_by_Jeffrey_KOTYK-libre.pdf?1433149775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDDB_Wu_xing_dayi__by_Xiao_Ji.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=fhSUo0WSpRQVdM~nYyMQaMGjYssFEtxl9XUJD2BcOD6QlkpBTBx7eY0hTF-jj35dcfJOTUk8cJB4KBDLo8I5U9XfW61sPitBUtZGrZtzlTUl7cYftFA32ynbx-zCtBaS2HtqYo0u9847~G73Z1yjOL1Mu50cjyjVQysUqMOrjIb1Xs-bKNZh0wQ5C7S33P6a5ocjz61FKYo5tKxOMAzTgkhZ8-8X-9m08PXMfR~SN2TKwkPI1NnBGq0v3I9W9OCegkzI6SKI6P8tfVFFpCHmetKBqqQ0mH13ZkszZjLBw1h39IAWQeyk9CuHbOGQUXbcv-n5z4QZiWI~IxrKIUxa2Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10568428" id="bookreviews"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125004111"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125004111/Review_of_Buddhism_in_Central_Asia_III_Impacts_of_Non_Buddhist_Influences_Doctrines_2023_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Review of Buddhism in Central Asia III: Impacts of Non-Buddhist Influences, Doctrines (2023)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119125132/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125004111/Review_of_Buddhism_in_Central_Asia_III_Impacts_of_Non_Buddhist_Influences_Doctrines_2023_">Review of Buddhism in Central Asia III: Impacts of Non-Buddhist Influences, Doctrines (2023)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>H-net Reviews</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Review of Carmen Meinert, Lewis Doney, Henrik H. Sørensen, and Yukiyo Kasai, eds. Buddhism in Cen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Review of Carmen Meinert, Lewis Doney, Henrik H. Sørensen, and Yukiyo Kasai, eds. Buddhism in Central Asia III: Impacts of Non-Buddhist Influences, Doctrines. Dynamics in the History of Religions, vol. 14. Leiden: Brill, 2023. xxviii + 481 pp. open access (e-book), ISBN 978-90-04-68728-8.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=61361" rel="nofollow">https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=61361</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="249a65ce342a4bd3b4eabc5c0b5bf08b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119125132,"asset_id":125004111,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119125132/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125004111"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125004111"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125004111; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125004111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125004111]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125004111; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125004111']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "249a65ce342a4bd3b4eabc5c0b5bf08b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125004111]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125004111,"title":"Review of Buddhism in Central Asia III: Impacts of Non-Buddhist Influences, Doctrines (2023)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125004111/Review_of_Buddhism_in_Central_Asia_III_Impacts_of_Non_Buddhist_Influences_Doctrines_2023_","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"K0hqL2c5ZnFTYThNcEQvRTBaUERHdFVoV05sbGdCeTQ2bVQyQmtaaEhuOD0tLU5QQWxCaU9oUy83dkp1ZHdnNGV0RFE9PQ==--16e34ab292e43b0428a1d7bac8e7f339df6d34cf"},"attachments":[{"id":119125132,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119125132/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Review_of_Buddhism_in_Central_Asia_III_Impacts_of_Non_Buddhist_Influences_Doctrines.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119125132/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Review_of_Buddhism_in_Central_Asia_III_I.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/119125132/Review_of_Buddhism_in_Central_Asia_III_Impacts_of_Non_Buddhist_Influences_Doctrines-libre.pdf?1729781858=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_of_Buddhism_in_Central_Asia_III_I.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=F27K4bngS2vyZ5DtbY1GQtT4D0~fO~Si0tk~gjvDlGTJnpq3q6-Yk~TUoaKq8kLyg7PeW-tPsgm9t10sgwYlUtyHHEO8BskzISrWIw3zB-4Sy1b5KQdDVbUJUq2no~VFFEnCngFrKAqw7tRhoOj4UFkcxqa02Kw4ddI2eRIC-3StYiuuPmOsX1~r2QCwgTycbi6kW5Qo3EPipxd~pazzdlM~jNuLQAHK~AZagc9NrlAfmfTCUBdoZVbbr-96qrGqCzbFgHJqOyB7V~9J2ElA5D9~bR7HgQEd6U-KHh8YgrZQwLmzwxoYf0ANG4QY2Kdc7sJ8dOCYoyVTZmGRvctcfA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43774083"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43774083/Review_H_Net_Reviews_Geoffrey_C_Goble_Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Review (H-Net Reviews): Geoffrey C. Goble, Chinese Esoteric Buddhism." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64087688/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43774083/Review_H_Net_Reviews_Geoffrey_C_Goble_Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism">Review (H-Net Reviews): Geoffrey C. Goble, Chinese Esoteric Buddhism.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Review of Geoffrey C. Goble. Chinese Esoteric Buddhism: Amoghavajra, the Ruling Elite, and the Em...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Review of Geoffrey C. Goble. Chinese Esoteric Buddhism: Amoghavajra, the Ruling Elite, and the Emergence of a Tradition. The Sheng Yen Series in Chinese Buddhist Studies. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019.<br />336 pp. $70.00, cloth, ISBN 978-0-231-19408-2.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7973ffb7d29bdc82e689450c4a08cb12" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64087688,"asset_id":43774083,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64087688/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43774083"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43774083"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43774083; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43774083]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43774083]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43774083; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43774083']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7973ffb7d29bdc82e689450c4a08cb12" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43774083]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43774083,"title":"Review (H-Net Reviews): Geoffrey C. Goble, Chinese Esoteric Buddhism.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43774083/Review_H_Net_Reviews_Geoffrey_C_Goble_Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism","owner_id":3315857,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":3315857,"first_name":"Jeffrey","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kotyk","page_name":"JeffreyKotyk","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2013-02-11T17:33:46.763-08:00","display_name":"Jeffrey Kotyk","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk","email":"Z3pXbTBMK0QwMFV5Y25OTERoTFBUVCtDdnU4SnFTWVN0ekVKcjlKVzdPVT0tLWhIN2VCcDFkUVUrZERHOEprZFdPeHc9PQ==--c3416a54e7971074ab6663dd3ae4b050cf2de392"},"attachments":[{"id":64087688,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64087688/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"J_Kotyk_Review_of_Geoffrey_C._Goble._Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism_H-Net_Reviews.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64087688/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Review_H_Net_Reviews_Geoffrey_C_Goble_Ch.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/64087688/J_Kotyk_Review_of_Geoffrey_C._Goble._Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism_H-Net_Reviews-libre.pdf?1596478881=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DReview_H_Net_Reviews_Geoffrey_C_Goble_Ch.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=U0B6B3q-tJaWRFq4Kv-kqbtkfsZyHKxYduZoenXK1qHDAIk-1pds2ff7F9aBwTjHAmhS5EgBTJAnQSCnqjPZYN8kL2HTKoEvBfEcxNb75KtgEAXN2bvWcdHCj-IdNnCLSRGLXacEWfCDwwsd3hrPm7eQafXLBkwSA-b01gfLG84quZ3epnJXgQH1cUHqYk47SqaAVuZbFV7V1oNunduYF8ub~F0jKIF6HAB5Vf85UeRvsYtoGKDHnnymTo8NCWaKlVZyugUG8prfEsWwbNRzCWUcvaXb3btb~zrbU5~V0GL~-0nnGMo8fbvgrwcL8-93bh1oP2lWNvNBTGYxGv7FrA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="12604686" id="specialissues"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="58933722"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/58933722/Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Milk, Yogurt and Butter in Medieval East Asia: Dairy Products from China to Japan in Medicine and Buddhism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73103751/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/58933722/Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism">Milk, Yogurt and Butter in Medieval East Asia: Dairy Products from China to Japan in Medicine and Buddhism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mdpi.academia.edu/ReligionsMDPI">Religions (ISSN 2077-1444)</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk">Jeffrey Kotyk</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Religions 2021, 12(5), 302.</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dairy products have existed in China from at least the Han Dynasty onward. Later, under the influ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dairy products have existed in China from at least the Han Dynasty onward. Later, under the influence of Buddhism, dairy items such as yogurt, butter and ghee were required for ritual purposes. The domestic dairy industry in medieval China is an understudied topic, but even more so is the use of dairy in contemporary Japan, where Chinese traditions of Buddhism were transplanted in full. The kanji describing various dairy products were also known in Japan, but we must ask whether these substances were available in Japan, and to what extent. Unlike luxury consumables such as aromatics and medicines, perishable foodstuffs were unlikely to have been transported from the mainland. This study will document and discuss the transmission of a dairy industry from China to Japan, with a focus on the role of these products in religious and medical contexts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0f0b2478e3c7e48e5d1ae36e4c005cc7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":73103751,"asset_id":58933722,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73103751/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="58933722"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58933722"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58933722; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58933722]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58933722]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58933722; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='58933722']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0f0b2478e3c7e48e5d1ae36e4c005cc7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=58933722]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":58933722,"title":"Milk, Yogurt and Butter in Medieval East Asia: Dairy Products from China to Japan in Medicine and Buddhism","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58933722/Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East_Asia_Dairy_Products_from_China_to_Japan_in_Medicine_and_Buddhism","owner_id":175665961,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":175665961,"first_name":"Religions","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"(ISSN 2077-1444)","page_name":"ReligionsMDPI","domain_name":"mdpi","created_at":"2020-10-23T00:49:51.524-07:00","display_name":"Religions (ISSN 2077-1444)","url":"https://mdpi.academia.edu/ReligionsMDPI","email":"OTl4RVpTQzBTb1FXOFpCZ2gxZHR4NGpHZkFwVnhNdG85blFVb2VqRkVEbz0tLUkzYTE5OFhwVXNVUHlrMzU1Zmx4MVE9PQ==--d2d4a67b36c6ce94c4e7fb769b4f0574ec65fa27"},"attachments":[{"id":73103751,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73103751/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"religions16.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73103751/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Milk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/73103751/religions16-libre.pdf?1634607631=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMilk_Yogurt_and_Butter_in_Medieval_East.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=Tr9B0yZnTgjVGqsdUUD8ws7Mg4Df~3gqLkW0X6RbVJRcyYM6IKdAr9lreoTCTAyO5jx3qzBKs8Pm3qxuln~JfIcTOYffSRHno9uxneEngXxaLdqzGzKwAZlauR1DyD4IoFyOipSbwOtPDrDZZMizh5iQf08EKrjpuw~t0P7ie3faSmO10FuG3R4exuT3GabI1vtijozbwjExViscl-oHvfygtc4lnRXTr90ZoqGF7YaFiq3kiCv3XhqyiRVc7z91DfAL0j~25dY4BPV3evi164WBsOSqM4VpKiiMmc8BYEhKlJ351jzCnA7z5G5v61DD8fUhAUinSVgsYDZeLQciBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="18725514" id="conferencepresentations"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108529797"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108529797/CONFERENCE_BROCHURE_TOMBS_AND_ASTRAL_KNOWLEDGE_FROM_EGYPT_TO_CHINA_1000_BCE_1000_CE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of CONFERENCE BROCHURE - TOMBS AND ASTRAL KNOWLEDGE FROM EGYPT TO CHINA 1000 BCE - 1000 CE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106886875/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108529797/CONFERENCE_BROCHURE_TOMBS_AND_ASTRAL_KNOWLEDGE_FROM_EGYPT_TO_CHINA_1000_BCE_1000_CE">CONFERENCE BROCHURE - TOMBS AND ASTRAL KNOWLEDGE FROM EGYPT TO CHINA 1000 BCE - 1000 CE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/RanaBrentjes">Rana Brentjes</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/StamatinaMastorakou">Stamatina Mastorakou</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk">Jeffrey Kotyk</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Anyone who is interested in joining please be in touch. There are still a couple of free in-perso...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Anyone who is interested in joining please be in touch. There are still a couple of free in-person spaces available, but more importantly limitless capacity online. Looking forward to welcoming you next week!</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="046d510044bb7b0ded60a2bb179b5e5d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106886875,"asset_id":108529797,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106886875/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108529797"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108529797"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108529797; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108529797]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108529797]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108529797; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108529797']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "046d510044bb7b0ded60a2bb179b5e5d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108529797]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108529797,"title":"CONFERENCE BROCHURE - TOMBS AND ASTRAL KNOWLEDGE FROM EGYPT TO CHINA 1000 BCE - 1000 CE","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108529797/CONFERENCE_BROCHURE_TOMBS_AND_ASTRAL_KNOWLEDGE_FROM_EGYPT_TO_CHINA_1000_BCE_1000_CE","owner_id":271847959,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":271847959,"first_name":"Rana","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Brentjes","page_name":"RanaBrentjes","domain_name":"mpiwg-berlin-mpg","created_at":"2023-05-30T11:36:32.974-07:00","display_name":"Rana Brentjes","url":"https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/RanaBrentjes","email":"VzN4dGI4a1NtaWRYTVVsdU43clB1Y2tpVnREdk1CVDJ4WUlXb0xCUkdKdW9YQjJiMGhQTjgzVzZVWjZmZ1BPdS0tK2J2UEtsTHVMWjZGRFFkUlFwYWlJdz09--b53d5fd90acc606173b801ec80dde8ab814e6ac1"},"attachments":[{"id":106886875,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106886875/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"VoH_Tomb_Conference_brochure.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106886875/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"CONFERENCE_BROCHURE_TOMBS_AND_ASTRAL_KNO.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106886875/VoH_Tomb_Conference_brochure-libre.pdf?1698136988=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCONFERENCE_BROCHURE_TOMBS_AND_ASTRAL_KNO.pdf\u0026Expires=1740555259\u0026Signature=L~p7aHSYt-9khg53kmEv3q5K-iT3A~-Fp9Xy6JJ0aaV2eo1sCVY6mpvGGYXmoe7nro~mTgArAuo3BdjbRggCipvOmBuKdsNqP4s6nW20gooXI~nf5oK~7mpR2IGJiZRMeL~qZKOqS~JwRxmcz8eSTDmhcHTCcl3AjcTni1hS6aAGzNlITAJxw226gnM5XOvFfwQGaEFDQEl6-HZTqJS4oNDlbO7jWtXOkdd~uqVsUswanVxEu6DmJ0fyhYtr7DzfNi3l-l9JgTrALfJjKPawcnk0sWexEUR0a18NfnGgxWpSXUkKQgT5iuDTXH133pqJCQv1mS~OfsOEtsAnhc2Npw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 4 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "3020ba284df2e3368b9304b39e3f217ca2cc7d581fe5b8b60ce18baf97c8e604", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="KNhuyvDB2FDitwNGX1tKII7dVD4B71py42IACfm0VtmK5sg9f2HtSfRD7LxRb_HUMKqJvsipUL7RJWlSKnIy2Q" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://mpiwg-berlin-mpg.academia.edu/JeffreyKotyk" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="YQW8DZ_OF9eC7gcYGX9XQ_rVhrXbtDRCK7b1W3toRynDOxr6EG4izpQa6OIXS-y3RKJbNRLyPo4Z8ZwAqK4jKQ" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>