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class="mw-page-title-main">Punjabis in Afghanistan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Punjabis in Afghanistan</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>3,000</b><sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> and other regions</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi diaspora</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Punjabis in Afghanistan</b> were residents of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> who were of <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabi</a> ancestry. 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Punjabi_culture" title="Category:Punjabi culture">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:145%;font-weight:heavy;"><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" title="Punjab region"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punjabi_example.svg/85px-Punjabi_example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punjabi_example.svg/128px-Punjabi_example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punjabi_example.svg/170px-Punjabi_example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Punjab" title="History of Punjab">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_folklore" title="Punjabi folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi dialects">Dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_nationalism" title="Punjabi nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Diaspora</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i>Asia</i> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afghanistan</a></li></ul> <p><i>Europe</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Punjabis" title="British Punjabis">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <p><i>North America</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Mexican American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians" title="Punjabi Canadians">Canada</a></li></ul> <p><i>Oceania</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Australians" title="Punjabi Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians" title="Punjabi Malaysians">Malaysia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Punjab">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_clothing" title="Punjabi clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dances_of_Punjab" title="Folk dances of Punjab">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_festivals" title="Punjabi festivals">Festivals</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_fairs_and_festivals_in_Punjab,_India" title="List of fairs and festivals in Punjab, India">India</a> • <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_festivals_(Pakistan)" title="Punjabi festivals (Pakistan)">Pakistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_literature" title="Punjabi literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Punjabi_media" title="List of Punjabi media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Punjab" title="Music of Punjab">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Punjab" title="Religion in the Punjab">Religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Folk_practices_in_Punjab" title="Folk practices in Punjab">Folk religion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Kabaddi" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi Kabaddi">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Punjabi-language_television_channels" title="List of Punjabi-language television channels">Television</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Regions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Majha" title="Majha">Majha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa_(Punjab)" title="Malwa (Punjab)">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doaba" title="Doaba">Doaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puadh" title="Puadh">Puadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagar tract">Bagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derajat" title="Derajat">Derajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatiore" title="Bhatiore">Bhatiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiana" title="Bhattiana">Bhattiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhachh" title="Chhachh">Chhachh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachhi_(Punjab)" title="Kachhi (Punjab)">Kachhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab#The_Punjab_Doabs" title="Doab">Doabs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sindh_Sagar_Doab" title="Sindh Sagar Doab">Sindh Sagar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chaj_Doab" title="Chaj Doab">Chaj</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rachna_Doab" title="Rachna Doab">Rachna</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bari_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bari Doab">Bari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bist_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bist Doab">Bist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Region" title="Bar Region">Bars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sandal_Bar" title="Sandal Bar">Sandal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirana_Bar" title="Kirana Bar">Kirana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Neeli_Bar" title="Neeli Bar">Neeli</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ganji_Bar" title="Ganji Bar">Ganji</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gondal_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondal Bar">Gondal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jungle_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle Bar">Jungle</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #0047AB;border-bottom:1px solid #0047AB;font-size:95%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Punjab" title="Portal:Punjab"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/50px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/75px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/100px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="527" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Punjab" title="Portal:Punjab">Punjab portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punjabis" title="Template:Punjabis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punjabis" title="Template talk:Punjabis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punjabis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punjabis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabis_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Punjab_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (region)">Punjab</a> lies to the east of the <a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtun region</a> and has shared borders with Afghanistan at various points in history.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For several centuries, dynasties centered in modern Afghanistan expanded towards Punjab, such as the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kidarites" title="Kidarites">Kidarites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hephthalite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hephthalite Empire">Hephthalites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khaljis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durranis</a>. Other kingdoms common to both regions include the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kabul_Shahi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kabul Shahi (disambiguation)">Kabul Shahis</a>. In his 1857 review of <a href="/wiki/John_William_Kaye" title="John William Kaye">J.W. Kaye</a>'s <i>The Afghan War</i>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> describes Afghanistan as "an extensive country of Asia" which "formerly included... a considerable part of the Punjab."<sup id="cite_ref-Engels_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engels-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> originating in Punjab made a <a href="/wiki/Afghan%E2%80%93Sikh_Wars" title="Afghan–Sikh Wars">series of incursions</a> towards the Afghan frontiers, capturing large swathes of territory to the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass">Khyber Pass</a>. </p><p>Afghan Sikh history is considered to stretch back 200 to 500 years.<sup id="cite_ref-AJ_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Convo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not all Sikhs are of Punjabi origin however; a small minority include locals whose ancestors adopted Sikhism during <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a>'s 15th century expeditions to Kabul.<sup id="cite_ref-Convo_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 18th century, Hindu <a href="/wiki/Khatri" title="Khatri">Khatri</a> merchants from Punjab settled in Afghanistan and dominated regional trade.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sikh and Hindu population in Afghanistan may have numbered as much as 250,000 in the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-Convo_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both communities were particularly well-represented in business and government positions. The reign of <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Zahir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Zahir Shah">Zahir Shah</a> was considered prosperous.<sup id="cite_ref-Convo_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of them were wealthy landowners.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindu_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindu-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, some Sikhs from <a href="/wiki/Potohar_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Potohar Plateau">Potohar</a> in northern Punjab arrived in Afghanistan while fleeing violence during the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Convo_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabis_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The population of Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus in Afghanistan stood up to 100,000 prior to the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindu_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindu-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet invasion</a> in 1979 and the ensuing Afghan civil wars sparked a mass exodus and the community declined drastically. Most migrated to <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> or <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, while others resettled in North America and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population in 2014 was around 3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-AJ_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BS_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority lived in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> regime, Sikhs and Hindus were forced to wear yellow armbands for identification as well as hang yellow flags over their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-AJ_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some discrimination still persists as they are often barred from government jobs, viewed as immigrants or threatened for ransom because they are considered rich.<sup id="cite_ref-Convo_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabis_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kabul_Gurdwara_Karte_Parwan_IMG_0623.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kabul_Gurdwara_Karte_Parwan_IMG_0623.JPG/220px-Kabul_Gurdwara_Karte_Parwan_IMG_0623.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kabul_Gurdwara_Karte_Parwan_IMG_0623.JPG/330px-Kabul_Gurdwara_Karte_Parwan_IMG_0623.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Kabul_Gurdwara_Karte_Parwan_IMG_0623.JPG/440px-Kabul_Gurdwara_Karte_Parwan_IMG_0623.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Interior of <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Karte_Parwan" title="Gurdwara Karte Parwan">Gurdwara Karte Parwan</a> in Kabul</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the Afghan Sikhs and Hindus <a href="/wiki/Pashtunization" title="Pashtunization">adopted Afghan customs</a> and assimilated into the local culture, speaking <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari language">Dari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Convo_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Convo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> is still spoken by some at home.<sup id="cite_ref-Hindu_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindu-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been efforts to teach Punjabi to the younger generation, as it is also the language of Sikh religious texts.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Afghanistan" title="Politics of Afghanistan">Afghan government</a> opened two Punjabi schools in Kabul and <a href="/wiki/Jalalabad" title="Jalalabad">Jalalabad</a>, facilitating the Sikh community.<sup id="cite_ref-BS_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabis_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarkali_Kaur_Honaryar" title="Anarkali Kaur Honaryar">Anarkali Kaur Honaryar</a>, Afghan politician and women right's activist<sup id="cite_ref-BS_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awtar_Singh" title="Awtar Singh">Awtar Singh</a>, Afghan politician<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabis_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/32px-Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/48px-Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/64px-Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="964" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Punjab" title="Portal:Punjab">Punjab portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Sikhism in Afghanistan">Sikhism in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Afghanistan" title="Hinduism in Afghanistan">Hinduism in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Afghanistan" title="Indians in Afghanistan">Indians in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Afghanistan" title="Pakistanis in Afghanistan">Pakistanis in Afghanistan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabis_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-aljazeera.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aljazeera.com_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/solidarity-sikhs-afghanistan-massacre-200326174448712.html">"Solidarity for Sikhs after Afghanistan massacre"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Solidarity+for+Sikhs+after+Afghanistan+massacre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F03%2Fsolidarity-sikhs-afghanistan-massacre-200326174448712.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/803548/Sikhs_and_Hindus_EXTERNAL.pdf">"Country Policy and Information Note Afghanistan: Sikhs and Hindus/"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Policy+and+Information+Note+Afghanistan%3A+Sikhs+and+Hindus%2F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F803548%2FSikhs_and_Hindus_EXTERNAL.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BS_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BS_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/population-of-sikhs-hindus-declined-drastically-in-afghan-mp-113073001010_1.html">"Population of Sikhs, Hindus declined drastically in Afghan: MP"</a>. <i>Business Standard</i>. 30 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard&rft.atitle=Population+of+Sikhs%2C+Hindus+declined+drastically+in+Afghan%3A+MP&rft.date=2013-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fpti-stories%2Fpopulation-of-sikhs-hindus-declined-drastically-in-afghan-mp-113073001010_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEffendi2007" class="citation book cs1">Effendi, M.Y. (2007). <i>Punjab Cavalry: Evolution, Role, Organisation and Tactical Doctrine 11 Cavalry, Frontier Force, 1849-1971</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195472035" title="Special:BookSources/9780195472035"><bdi>9780195472035</bdi></a>. <q>Before 1894, the Afghan border ran along the boundary of the trans-Indus frontier districts, formerly occupied by the Sikhs, and was virtually defined by the extreme limits of the Indus plain's westward extension.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punjab+Cavalry%3A+Evolution%2C+Role%2C+Organisation+and+Tactical+Doctrine+11+Cavalry%2C+Frontier+Force%2C+1849-1971&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780195472035&rft.aulast=Effendi&rft.aufirst=M.Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Engels-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Engels_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedrich_Engels1857" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1857/afghanistan/index.htm">"Afghanistan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Andy_Blunden" title="Andy Blunden">Andy Blunden</a></i>. The New American Cyclopaedia, Vol. I<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2010</span>. <q>The principal cities of Afghanistan are Kabul, the capital, <a href="/wiki/Ghazni" title="Ghazni">Ghuznee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peshwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Peshwar">Peshawer</a>, and Kandahar.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Andy+Blunden&rft.atitle=Afghanistan&rft.date=1857&rft.au=Friedrich+Engels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fmarx%2Fworks%2F1857%2Fafghanistan%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJ-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AJ_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJ_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJ_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/02/afghanistan-sikhs-face-an-uncertain-future-201422312395677867.html">"Afghanistan's Sikhs face an uncertain future"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 24 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%27s+Sikhs+face+an+uncertain+future&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Ffeatures%2F2014%2F02%2Fafghanistan-sikhs-face-an-uncertain-future-201422312395677867.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Convo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Convo_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Convo_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Convo_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Convo_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Convo_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Convo_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Convo_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/explainer-who-are-the-afghan-sikhs-30699">"Explainer: who are the Afghan Sikhs?"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i>. 21 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Explainer%3A+who+are+the+Afghan+Sikhs%3F&rft.date=2014-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fexplainer-who-are-the-afghan-sikhs-30699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLane2002" class="citation book cs1">McLane, John R. (2002). <i>Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521526548" title="Special:BookSources/9780521526548"><bdi>9780521526548</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+and+Local+Kingship+in+Eighteenth-Century+Bengal&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780521526548&rft.aulast=McLane&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSJ-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WSJ_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSJ_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WSJ_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStancatiAmiri2015" class="citation news cs1">Stancati, Margherita; Amiri, Ehsanullah (12 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/facing-intolerance-many-sikhs-and-hindus-leave-afghanistan-1421124144">"Facing Intolerance, Many Sikhs and Hindus Leave Afghanistan"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Facing+Intolerance%2C+Many+Sikhs+and+Hindus+Leave+Afghanistan&rft.date=2015-01-12&rft.aulast=Stancati&rft.aufirst=Margherita&rft.au=Amiri%2C+Ehsanullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ffacing-intolerance-many-sikhs-and-hindus-leave-afghanistan-1421124144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hindu-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hindu_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hindu_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hindu_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/afghanistans-sikhs-feel-alienated-pressured-to-leave/article7301714.ece">"Feeling alienated, Sikhs choose to leave Afghanistan"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 10 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Feeling+alienated%2C+Sikhs+choose+to+leave+Afghanistan&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fafghanistans-sikhs-feel-alienated-pressured-to-leave%2Farticle7301714.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManchanda2010" class="citation book cs1">Manchanda, Rita (2010). <i>States in Conflict with Their Minorities: Challenges to Minority Rights in South Asia</i>. SAGE Publications India. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788132105985" title="Special:BookSources/9788132105985"><bdi>9788132105985</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=States+in+Conflict+with+Their+Minorities%3A+Challenges+to+Minority+Rights+in+South+Asia&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications+India&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9788132105985&rft.aulast=Manchanda&rft.aufirst=Rita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/unveiling-afghanistan/awtar-singh-khalsa-they-g_b_5042997.html?ir=Australia">"Awtar Singh Khalsa: 'They Gave the Hindus and Sikhs a place for rubbish disposal as a Place to Live'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. 27 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Awtar+Singh+Khalsa%3A+%27They+Gave+the+Hindus+and+Sikhs+a+place+for+rubbish+disposal+as+a+Place+to+Live%27&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Funveiling-afghanistan%2Fawtar-singh-khalsa-they-g_b_5042997.html%3Fir%3DAustralia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punjabis_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallard2011" class="citation web cs1">Ballard, Roger (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814100434/http://www.casas.org.uk/papers/pdfpapers/afghansikhs.pdf">"The history and current position of Afghanistan's Hindu and Sikh population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Centre for Applied South Asian Studies</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casas.org.uk/papers/pdfpapers/afghansikhs.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2018-08-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centre+for+Applied+South+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+history+and+current+position+of+Afghanistan%27s+Hindu+and+Sikh+population&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Ballard&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.casas.org.uk%2Fpapers%2Fpdfpapers%2Fafghansikhs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APunjabis+in+Afghanistan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Punjabi_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punjabi_diaspora" title="Template:Punjabi diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punjabi_diaspora" title="Template talk:Punjabi diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punjabi_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punjabi diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Punjabi_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians" title="Punjabi Malaysians">Malaysia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Australians" title="Punjabi Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians" title="Punjabi Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Punjabis" title="British Punjabis">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Mexican American</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Pakistani diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Sikh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Afghanistan"><abbr title="Edit this 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of Afghanistan">Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_people" title="Kho people">Kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_people" title="Moghol people">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristanis" title="Nuristanis">Nuristanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamiris" title="Pamiris">Pamiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashayi_people" title="Pashayi people">Pashayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign nationals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Afghanistan" title="Armenians in Afghanistan">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Afghanistan" title="Indians in Afghanistan">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Afghanistan" title="Pakistanis in Afghanistan">Pakistanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Afghanistan" title="Russians in Afghanistan">Russians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_diaspora" title="Pakistani diaspora">Pakistani diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Libya" title="Pakistanis in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Somalia" title="Pakistanis in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_South_Africa" title="Pakistanis in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Afghanistan" title="Pakistanis in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Punjabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranded_Pakistanis_in_Bangladesh" title="Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_India" title="Pakistanis in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people_in_India" title="Baloch people in India">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathans_in_India" title="Pathans in India">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhis_in_India" title="Sindhis in India">Sindhis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sri Lanka <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pathans_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Pathans in Sri Lanka">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhis_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Sindhis in Sri Lanka">Sindhis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gulf</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Bahrain" title="Pakistanis in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Iran" title="Pakistanis in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Kuwait" title="Pakistanis in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Oman" title="Pakistanis in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Qatar" title="Pakistanis in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Pakistanis in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Baloch people in the United Arab Emirates">Baloch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Yemen" title="Pakistanis in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Far East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_China" title="Pakistanis in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Hong_Kong" title="Pakistanis in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Japan" title="Pakistanis in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_South_Korea" title="Pakistanis in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Myanmar" title="Pakistanis in Myanmar">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Malaysia" title="Pakistanis in Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_Peranakan" title="Jawi Peranakan">Jawi Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians" title="Punjabi Malaysians">Punjabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Singapore" title="Pakistanis in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Thailand" title="Pakistanis in Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistanis in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Jews_in_Israel" title="Pakistani Jews in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistanis in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistanis in Syria">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Denmark" title="Pakistanis in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_France" title="Pakistanis in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Germany" title="Pakistanis in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Italy" title="Pakistanis in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistanis in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegians_with_Pakistani_background" title="Norwegians with Pakistani background">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Spain" title="Pakistanis in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_community_of_London" title="Pakistani community of London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Mirpuris" title="British Mirpuris">Mirpuris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Punjabis" title="British Punjabis">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Pashtuns" title="British Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sindhis" title="British Sindhis">Sindhis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Canadians" title="Pakistani Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistani_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of Pakistani Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Americans" title="Baloch Americans">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Americans" title="Pashtun Americans">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Australians" title="Pakistani Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cameleers_in_Australia" title="Afghan cameleers in Australia">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Australians" title="Punjabi Australians">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_Australians" title="Hazara Australians">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Australians" title="Sindhi Australians">Sindhis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_New_Zealanders" title="Pakistani New Zealanders">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">Punjabis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub-diasporas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_diaspora" title="Baloch diaspora">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_diaspora" title="Gujarati diaspora">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_diaspora" title="Hazara diaspora">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmiri_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Kashmiri diaspora">Azad Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_diaspora" title="Kashmiri diaspora">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_diaspora" title="Pashtun diaspora">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_diaspora" title="Saraiki diaspora">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_diaspora" title="Sindhi diaspora">Sindhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Anti-Pakistan sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Pakistan" title="List of diplomatic missions of Pakistan">Diplomatic missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Pakistan" title="Immigration to Pakistan">Immigration to Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pakistan" title="Little Pakistan">Little Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Overseas_Pakistanis_and_Human_Resource_Development" title="Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development">Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_diaspora" title="Template:Indian diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_diaspora" title="Template talk:Indian diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Indian_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora_in_Southeast_Africa" title="Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kenya" title="Indians in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Madagascar" title="Indians in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_Indian_origin" title="Mauritians of Indian origin">Mauritius</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_Mauritians" title="Bihari Mauritians">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Mauritians" title="Tamil Mauritians">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Mozambique" title="Indians in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unionnais_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunionnais of Indian origin">Réunion</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Malbars" title="Malbars">Malbars</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Seychellois" title="Indo-Seychellois">Seychelles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Seychellois" title="Tamil Seychellois">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Tanzania" title="Indians in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Uganda" title="Indians in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Zambia" title="Indians in Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Botswana" title="Indians in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Egypt" title="Indians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Indian" title="Ghanaian Indian">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_South_Africans" title="Indian South Africans">South Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_South_Africans" title="Tamil South Africans">Tamil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Zimbabwe" title="Indians in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_people" title="Indo-Caribbean people">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Barbados" title="Indians in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Belizeans" title="Indo-Belizeans">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Indians in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Grenadians" title="Indo-Grenadians">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Guadeloupeans" title="Indo-Guadeloupeans">Guadeloupe</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Guyanese" title="Indo-Guyanese">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Haitians" title="Indo-Haitians">Haiti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marabou_(ethnicity)" title="Marabou (ethnicity)">Marabou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Jamaicans" title="Indo-Jamaicans">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Martiniquais" title="Indo-Martiniquais">Martinique</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Indians in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Saint_Lucian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Saint Lucian">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Vincentian" title="Indo-Vincentian">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Surinamese" title="Indo-Surinamese">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Trinidadians_and_Tobagonians" title="Indo–Trinidadians and Tobagonians">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Indians in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Argentina" title="Indians in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_immigration_to_Brazil" title="Indian immigration to Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Chile" title="Indians in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_French_Guiana" title="Indians in French Guiana">French Guiana</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Mexicans" title="Indian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Panama" title="Indians in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Peru" title="Indians in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Uruguayans" title="Indian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Venezuela" title="Indians in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anglo-America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_Canadians" title="Anglo-Indian Canadians">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians" title="Punjabi Canadians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Canadians" title="Sindhi Canadians">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Canadians" title="Tamil Canadians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_British_Columbia" title="South Asian Canadians in British Columbia">British Columbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_Greater_Vancouver" title="South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area" title="South Asian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Americans_by_location" title="Template:Indian Americans by location">by location</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Afghanistan" title="Indians in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Punjabi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Bangladesh" title="Indians in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Maldives" title="Indians in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Nepalis" title="Indian Nepalis">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Pakistan" title="Indians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Indians in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatha_people" title="Bharatha people">Bharatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Chetties" title="Sri Lankan Chetties">Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Tamils_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Telugus" title="Sri Lankan Telugus">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Brunei" title="Indians in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Cambodia" title="Indians in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesians" title="Indian Indonesians">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klingalese" title="Klingalese">Klingalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardijker_people" title="Mardijker people">Mardijker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Indonesians" title="Tamil Indonesians">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Gujaratis" title="Malaysian Gujaratis">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_Peranakan" title="Jawi Peranakan">Jawi Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malayalees" title="Malaysian Malayalees">Malayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians" title="Punjabi Malaysians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Malaysians" title="Tamil Malaysians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Telugus" title="Malaysian Telugus">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Penang" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Sabah" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Sarawak" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Indians" title="Burmese Indians">Myanmar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people_in_Myanmar" title="Mizo people in Myanmar">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Tamils" title="Myanmar Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Filipino" title="Indian Filipino">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Singaporeans" title="Indian Singaporeans">Singapore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Tamils" title="Singapore Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Thailand" title="Indians in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Vietnam" title="Indians in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_Hong_Kong" title="South Asians in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Japan" title="Indians in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Korea" title="Indians in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Taiwan" title="Indians in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Bahrain" title="Indians in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Iran" title="Indians in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Israel" title="Indians in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Indian Jews in Israel">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kuwait" title="Indians in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Lebanon" title="Indians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Oman" title="Indians in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Qatar" title="Indians in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Resident_Indians_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Non-Resident Indians in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Turkey" title="Indians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Indians in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Poland" title="Indians in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Russia" title="Indians in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Finland" title="Indians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Sweden" title="Indians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Cyprus" title="Indians in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Italy" title="Indians in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Italy" title="Tamils in Italy">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Maltese" title="Indian Maltese">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Portugal" title="Indians in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Spain" title="Indians in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_France" title="Indians in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_France" title="Tamils in France">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Germany" title="Indians in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Germans" title="Tamil Germans">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Switzerland" title="Indians in Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Tamils" title="Swiss Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_community_of_London" title="Indian community of London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indo-Caribbean_people" title="British Indo-Caribbean people">Indo-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Gujaratis" title="British Gujaratis">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Punjabis" title="British Punjabis">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sindhis" title="British Sindhis">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="British Tamil">Tamil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Australians" title="Indian Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayali_Australians" title="Malayali Australians">Malayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Australians" title="Punjabi Australians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Australians" title="Tamil Australians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Australians" title="Sindhi Australians">Sindhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Fijians" title="Indo-Fijians">Fiji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujaratis_in_Fiji" title="Gujaratis in Fiji">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indians_in_Fiji" title="South Indians in Fiji">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Caledonia<sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Zealanders" title="Indian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Indians" title="Māori Indians">Maori-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_New_Zealanders" title="Tamil New Zealanders">Tamil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora#Diaspora_by_state_and_ethnolinguistic_regions_of_India" title="Indian diaspora">Ethnic diasporas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_diaspora" title="Bengali Hindu diaspora">Bengali Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_diaspora" title="Gujarati diaspora">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_diaspora" title="Kashmiri diaspora">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpuri_diaspora" title="Mirpuri diaspora">Mirpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_diaspora" title="Mizo diaspora">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_diaspora" title="Odia diaspora">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Sikhs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_diaspora" title="Sindhi diaspora">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_diaspora" title="South Indian diaspora">South Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayali_diaspora" title="Malayali diaspora">Malayalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Gulf_diaspora" title="Kerala Gulf diaspora">In the Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_diaspora" title="Tamil diaspora">Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_diaspora" title="Telugu diaspora">Telugus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_people" title="Anglo-Indian people">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chindians" title="Chindians">Chindians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_diaspora" title="South Asian diaspora">South Asian diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desi" title="Desi">Desi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_India" title="Little India">Little India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravasi_Bharatiya_Samman" title="Pravasi Bharatiya Samman">Non-Resident Indian Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravasi_Bharatiya_Divas" title="Pravasi Bharatiya Divas">Non-Resident Indian Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas department</a> of France in the southwest Indian Ocean</li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas departments</a> of France in the Americas</li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup>A <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France#Sui_generis_collectivity" title="Overseas France">sui generis collectivity</a> of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punjabis_in_Afghanistan&oldid=1258615104">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punjabis_in_Afghanistan&oldid=1258615104</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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