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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">British Punjabis</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Counties_of_the_UK_Punjabi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Counties_of_the_UK_Punjabi.svg/220px-Counties_of_the_UK_Punjabi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Counties_of_the_UK_Punjabi.svg/330px-Counties_of_the_UK_Punjabi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Counties_of_the_UK_Punjabi.svg/440px-Counties_of_the_UK_Punjabi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="948" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Distribution by regional area</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">700,000 (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-HC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Mainly <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> <b>·</b>  Smaller communities in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pothwari" class="mw-redirect" title="Pothwari">Pothwari</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pahari_language" title="Pahari language">Pahari</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi diaspora</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">British Indians</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">British Pakistanis</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/British_Mirpuris" title="British Mirpuris">British Mirpuris</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>British Punjabis</b> are citizens or residents of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> whose heritage originates wholly or partly in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, a region in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, which is divided between <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. Numbering 700,000 in 2006, Punjabis represent the largest ethnicity among <a href="/wiki/British_Asians" title="British Asians">British Asians</a>. They are a major sub-group of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">British-Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">British Pakistani</a> communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Chanda_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chanda-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Punjabi_culture" title="Category:Punjabi culture">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:145%;font-weight:heavy;"><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:1.0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" title="Punjab region"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punjabi_example.svg/85px-Punjabi_example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punjabi_example.svg/128px-Punjabi_example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punjabi_example.svg/170px-Punjabi_example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Punjab" title="History of Punjab">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_folklore" title="Punjabi folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi dialects">Dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_nationalism" title="Punjabi nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Diaspora</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i>Asia</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis_in_Afghanistan" title="Punjabis in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li></ul> <p><i>Europe</i> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <p><i>North America</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Mexican American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians" title="Punjabi Canadians">Canada</a></li></ul> <p><i>Oceania</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Australians" title="Punjabi Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians" title="Punjabi Malaysians">Malaysia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Punjab">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_clothing" title="Punjabi clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dances_of_Punjab" title="Folk dances of Punjab">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_festivals" title="Punjabi festivals">Festivals</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_fairs_and_festivals_in_Punjab,_India" title="List of fairs and festivals in Punjab, India">India</a> • <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_festivals_(Pakistan)" title="Punjabi festivals (Pakistan)">Pakistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_literature" title="Punjabi literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Punjabi_media" title="List of Punjabi media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Punjab" title="Music of Punjab">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Punjab" title="Religion in the Punjab">Religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Folk_practices_in_Punjab" title="Folk practices in Punjab">Folk religion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Kabaddi" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi Kabaddi">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Punjabi-language_television_channels" title="List of Punjabi-language television channels">Television</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0 0.6em;font-size:95%;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Regions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Majha" title="Majha">Majha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa_(Punjab)" title="Malwa (Punjab)">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doaba" title="Doaba">Doaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puadh" title="Puadh">Puadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagar tract">Bagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derajat" title="Derajat">Derajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatiore" title="Bhatiore">Bhatiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiana" title="Bhattiana">Bhattiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhachh" title="Chhachh">Chhachh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachhi_(Punjab)" title="Kachhi (Punjab)">Kachhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab#The_Punjab_Doabs" title="Doab">Doabs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sindh_Sagar_Doab" title="Sindh Sagar Doab">Sindh Sagar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chaj_Doab" title="Chaj Doab">Chaj</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rachna_Doab" title="Rachna Doab">Rachna</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bari_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bari Doab">Bari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bist_Doab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bist Doab">Bist</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Region" title="Bar Region">Bars</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sandal_Bar" title="Sandal Bar">Sandal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirana_Bar" title="Kirana Bar">Kirana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Neeli_Bar" title="Neeli Bar">Neeli</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ganji_Bar" title="Ganji Bar">Ganji</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gondal_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondal Bar">Gondal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jungle_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle Bar">Jungle</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #0047AB;border-bottom:1px solid #0047AB;font-size:95%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Punjab" title="Portal:Punjab"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/50px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/75px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/100px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="527" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Punjab" title="Portal:Punjab">Punjab portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punjabis" title="Template:Punjabis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punjabis" title="Template talk:Punjabis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punjabis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punjabis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Punjabis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United Kingdom is home to the largest <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi diaspora after Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chanda_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chanda-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigration from the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a> to the UK began during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">colonial era</a>, when Punjab was a <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">province of British India</a>. Punjabi migrants in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were mainly domestic servants, seamen working on British merchant ships and visiting civil servants or students seeking professional qualifications.<sup id="cite_ref-Chanda_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chanda-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A notable early figure was <a href="/wiki/Duleep_Singh" title="Duleep Singh">Duleep Singh</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Maharajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajah">Maharajah</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a>, who was exiled to Britain in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-Chanda_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chanda-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His daughter <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Duleep_Singh" title="Sophia Duleep Singh">Sophia Duleep Singh</a> became a prominent <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">suffragette</a> and a pioneer of women's rights in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-History_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first significant Punjabi migration began in the 1950s when labour shortages in the UK following the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> led the British administration to encourage recruitment from across the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of these migrants were men from India and Pakistan, who after a period of acclimatisation began to settle permanently and invite their friends, wives and children to join them.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These migrants often found work in the manufacturing, textile and service sectors, including a significant number at <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town of <a href="/wiki/Southall" title="Southall">Southall</a> in west <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> became an early hub for Punjabi migrants, and would become the country’s premier <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">British Asian</a> town, dubbed Little Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1970s, there was widespread migration of Punjabis from <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>, many of whom had retained their British passports following the independence of <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>. East African Punjabis are known as twice migrants, and came to the UK amidst growing discrimination at home, symbolised by the <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Asians_from_Uganda" title="Expulsion of Asians from Uganda">Expulsion of Asians from Uganda</a> in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike earlier Punjabi migration to the UK, East African Punjabis migrated as families. Many were successful businessmen or professionals with savings and able to adjust quickly to life in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Punjabis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjabis_in_London.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Punjabis_in_London.svg/220px-Punjabis_in_London.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Punjabis_in_London.svg/330px-Punjabis_in_London.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Punjabis_in_London.svg/440px-Punjabis_in_London.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of Punjabi speakers by ward in London. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fff5f0; color:black;"> </span> 0.0%-0.99%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fcccb7; color:black;"> </span> 1%-2.99%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#fb8e6e; color:black;"> </span> 3%-4.99%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f34d37; color:black;"> </span> 5%-9.99%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c4161b; color:white;"> </span> 10%-14.99%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#67000d; color:white;"> </span> 15% and greater</div></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2011_UK_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 UK Census">2011 UK Census</a>, 273,000 people identified <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> as their first language. Of these, 271,000 were in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, 23,000 in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, 1,600 in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and a smaller number in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2011England&Wales_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011England&Wales-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, Punjabi is the third most commonly spoken language in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-Punjabi_census_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Punjabi_census-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Southall" title="Southall">Southall</a> area of Greater London is home to a significant Punjabi population.<sup id="cite_ref-Chanda_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chanda-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total population of Punjabis in the UK is estimated to exceed 700,000.<sup id="cite_ref-HC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immigrants from the Pakistani <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">province of Punjab</a> are mainly <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Muslims" title="Punjabi Muslims">Punjabi Muslims</a>, with smaller numbers of <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority originate from the <a href="/wiki/Potohar_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Potohar Plateau">northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">central</a> parts of Punjab, such as: <a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attock" title="Attock">Attock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chakwal" title="Chakwal">Chakwal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jhang" title="Jhang">Jhang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujrat_Division" title="Gujrat Division">Gujrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiniot" title="Chiniot">Chiniot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargodha" title="Sargodha">Sargodha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toba_Tek_Singh" title="Toba Tek Singh">Toba Tek Singh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heath_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heath-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Punjabis are estimated to comprise one-third of the British Pakistani population, making up the second largest sub-group after <a href="/wiki/British_Mirpuris" title="British Mirpuris">Mirpuri Kashmiris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Desh_Pardesh_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Desh_Pardesh-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tribes to which British Pakistani Punjabis belong include <a href="/wiki/Jats" title="Jats">Jats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujjars" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujjars">Gujjars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awan_(tribe)" title="Awan (tribe)">Awans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arain" title="Arain">Arains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajputs" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajputs">Rajputs</a> and several others like <a href="/wiki/Pathans_of_Punjab" title="Pathans of Punjab">Pathans of Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kashmiris_in_Punjab" title="Kashmiris in Punjab">Kashmiris of Punjab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Indian Punjabis</a> in the UK has been estimated at 466,563 in 2011, based on an earlier estimate that they constitute 45% of the British Indian community. Of these, majority are <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> while the rest are mainly <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Hindus" title="Punjabi Hindus">Punjabi Hindus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chanda_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chanda-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heath_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heath-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The areas where they predominately originate from are <a href="/wiki/Jalandhar_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalandhar District">Jalandhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amritsar_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Amritsar District">Amritsar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludhiana District">Ludhiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapurthala_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapurthala District">Kapurthala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bathinda_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathinda District">Bathinda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoshiarpur_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoshiarpur District">Hoshiarpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nawanshahr" title="Nawanshahr">Nawanshahr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moga,_Punjab" title="Moga, Punjab">Moga</a>. The UK has the second largest <a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Sikh diaspora</a> outside India, after <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians" title="Punjabi Canadians">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chanda_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chanda-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Punjabis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi language in the United Kingdom">Punjabi language in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_culture" title="Punjabi culture">Punjabi culture</a> strongly defines the identity of British Punjabis. The <a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">bhangra</a> form of music was popularised by Punjabi immigrants in the UK during the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> England has long been associated with the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Underground" title="Asian Underground">Asian Underground</a> scene which gave rise to Punjabi pop music, especially among the younger generations.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi cuisine</a> is also highly popular in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chicken_tikka_masala" title="Chicken tikka masala">Chicken tikka masala</a> has been called a "national dish" of Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian2001_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian2001-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Punjabis are known for their entrepreneurial activities.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research by <a href="/wiki/Teesside_University" title="Teesside University">Teesside University</a> shows that the British Punjabi community is one of the most highly educated and successful in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable businesspeople include <a href="/wiki/Surinder_Arora" title="Surinder Arora">Surinder Arora</a> who ranks amongst the wealthiest Britons.<sup id="cite_ref-Midgley_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Midgley-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Punjabis have achieved notability in the theatres of British politics, sports and entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Punjabis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/32px-Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/48px-Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg/64px-Golden_Temple_%28Harmandir_Sahib%29_in_Amritsar%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="964" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Punjab" title="Portal:Punjab">Punjab portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Punjabis" title="List of British Punjabis">List of British Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">British Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">British Pakistanis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Mirpuris" title="British Mirpuris">British Mirpuris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hinduism in the United Kingdom">Hinduism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sikhism in the United Kingdom">Sikhism in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Punjabis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-greek"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Punjabis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcDonnell2006" class="citation web cs1">McDonnell, John (5 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061205/halltext/61205h0001.htm">"Punjabi Community"</a>. <i>House of Commons</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2016</span>. <q>We now estimate the Punjabi community at about 700,000, with Punjabi established as the second language certainly in London and possibly within the United Kingdom.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=House+of+Commons&rft.atitle=Punjabi+Community&rft.date=2006-12-05&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200607%2Fcmhansrd%2Fcm061205%2Fhalltext%2F61205h0001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chanda-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chanda_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chanda_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chanda_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chanda_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chanda_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chanda_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chanda_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandaGhosh2013" class="citation web cs1">Chanda, Rupa; Ghosh, Sriparna (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060809/http://www.india-eu-migration.eu/media/CARIM-India-2013-08.pdf">"The Punjabi Diaspora in the UK: An Overview of Characteristics and Contributions to India"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>CARIM INDIA – Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration</i>. 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 105–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStriking_Women.org" class="citation web cs1">Striking Women.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.striking-women.org/module/map-major-south-asian-migration-flows/post-1947-migration-uk-india-bangladesh-pakistan-and">"Post 1947 migration to the UK"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Census+2011%3A+the+language+data+visualised&rft.date=2013-01-31&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2Fdatablog%2F2013%2Fjan%2F31%2Fcensus-2011-language-map&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215021127/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Language_detailed_Scotland.pdf">"Scotland's Census 2011 - National Records of Scotland: Language used at home other than English (detailed) - All people aged 3 and over"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Scotland Census</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scotland+Census&rft.atitle=Scotland%27s+Census+2011+-+National+Records+of+Scotland%3A+Language+used+at+home+other+than+English+%28detailed%29+-+All+people+aged+3+and+over&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fcensusresults%2Frelease2a%2Frel2A_Language_detailed_Scotland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Punjabi_census-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Punjabi_census_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/STB-2011-census--quick-statistics-for-england-and-wales--march-2011.html#tab-Main-language">"2011 Census: Quick Statistics"</a>. <i>Office for National Statistics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 18, 20, 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Desh+Pardesh%3A+the+South+Asian+presence+in+Britain&rft.pages=18%2C+20%2C+21&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Roger+Ballard&rft.au=Marcus+Banks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonika_BöckAparna_Rao2000" class="citation book cs1">Monika Böck; Aparna Rao (2000). <i>Culture, Creation, and Procreation: Concepts of Kinship in South Asian Practice</i>. Berghahn Books. pp. 81–157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57181-912-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-57181-912-6"><bdi>1-57181-912-6</bdi></a>. <q><i>... Kalesh kinship is indeed orchestrated through a rigorous system of patrilineal descent defined by lineage endogamy</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture%2C+Creation%2C+and+Procreation%3A+Concepts+of+Kinship+in+South+Asian+Practice&rft.pages=81-157&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-57181-912-6&rft.au=Monika+B%C3%B6ck&rft.au=Aparna+Rao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2007" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Michael Herbert (2007). <i>A South-Asian History of Britain: Four Centuries of Peoples from the Indian Sub-continent</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_World_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood World Publishing">Greenwood World Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846450082" title="Special:BookSources/9781846450082"><bdi>9781846450082</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+South-Asian+History+of+Britain%3A+Four+Centuries+of+Peoples+from+the+Indian+Sub-continent&rft.pub=Greenwood+World+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781846450082&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Michael+Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/homegrown05/history.shtml">"History of Desi Music"</a>. <i>BBC Asian Network</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Asian+Network&rft.atitle=History+of+Desi+Music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fasiannetwork%2Fhomegrown05%2Fhistory.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanjabi1995" class="citation book cs1">Panjabi, Camellia (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatcurriesofin00panj/page/10"><i>The Great Curries of India</i></a></span>. Simon and Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatcurriesofin00panj/page/10">10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684803838" title="Special:BookSources/9780684803838"><bdi>9780684803838</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Curries+of+India&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780684803838&rft.aulast=Panjabi&rft.aufirst=Camellia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatcurriesofin00panj%2Fpage%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian2001-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian2001_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/apr/19/race.britishidentity">"Robin Cook's chicken tikka masala speech: Extracts from a speech by the foreign secretary to the Social Market Foundation in London"</a>. <i>Guardian</i>. 19 April 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian&rft.atitle=Robin+Cook%27s+chicken+tikka+masala+speech%3A+Extracts+from+a+speech+by+the+foreign+secretary+to+the+Social+Market+Foundation+in+London&rft.date=2001-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2001%2Fapr%2F19%2Frace.britishidentity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesDimitratos2014" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Marian; Dimitratos, Pavlos (2014). <i>Emerging Paradigms in International Entrepreneurship</i>. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845420635" title="Special:BookSources/9781845420635"><bdi>9781845420635</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emerging+Paradigms+in+International+Entrepreneurship&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781845420635&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft.au=Dimitratos%2C+Pavlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Taylor" class="citation web cs1">Steve Taylor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927173214/http://www.tees.ac.uk/sections/Research/social_futures/research19.cfm#">"Punjabi Communities in the North East"</a>. Teesside University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tees.ac.uk/sections/Research/social_futures/research19.cfm">the original</a> on 2011-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Punjabi+Communities+in+the+North+East&rft.pub=Teesside+University&rft.au=Steve+Taylor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tees.ac.uk%2Fsections%2FResearch%2Fsocial_futures%2Fresearch19.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Midgley-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Midgley_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMidgley2014" class="citation news cs1">Midgley, Dominic (21 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/490148/Anwar-Pervez-The-Billionaire-cash-and-carry-King">"Anwar Pervez: The Billionaire cash and carry King"</a>. <i>Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Express&rft.atitle=Anwar+Pervez%3A+The+Billionaire+cash+and+carry+King&rft.date=2014-07-21&rft.aulast=Midgley&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2F490148%2FAnwar-Pervez-The-Billionaire-cash-and-carry-King&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeather2007" class="citation news cs1">Teather, David (18 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2007/aug/17/5">"The Mr Nice Guy of the hotels world"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Mr+Nice+Guy+of+the+hotels+world&rft.date=2007-08-18&rft.aulast=Teather&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2007%2Faug%2F17%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazelwood2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hazelwood, Rajbir Purewal (15 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/240/">"A Diasporic Politics of Belonging: Punjabis in Postwar Britain"</a>. <i>Washington University</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7936%2FK7DJ5CKJ">10.7936/K7DJ5CKJ</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+University&rft.atitle=A+Diasporic+Politics+of+Belonging%3A+Punjabis+in+Postwar+Britain&rft.date=2013-05-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7936%2FK7DJ5CKJ&rft.aulast=Hazelwood&rft.aufirst=Rajbir+Purewal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenscholarship.wustl.edu%2Fart_sci_etds%2F240%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Punjabis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Punjabi_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punjabi_diaspora" title="Template:Punjabi diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punjabi_diaspora" title="Template talk:Punjabi diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punjabi_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punjabi diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Punjabi_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis_in_Afghanistan" title="Punjabis in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians" title="Punjabi Malaysians">Malaysia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Australians" title="Punjabi Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians" title="Punjabi Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Mexican American</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Pakistani diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Sikh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Indian_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_diaspora" title="Template:Indian diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_diaspora" title="Template talk:Indian diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this 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style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora_in_Southeast_Africa" title="Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kenya" title="Indians in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Madagascar" title="Indians in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_Indian_origin" title="Mauritians of Indian origin">Mauritius</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_Mauritians" title="Bihari Mauritians">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Mauritians" title="Tamil Mauritians">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Mozambique" title="Indians in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unionnais_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunionnais of Indian origin">Réunion</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Malbars" title="Malbars">Malbars</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Seychellois" title="Indo-Seychellois">Seychelles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Seychellois" title="Tamil Seychellois">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Tanzania" title="Indians in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Uganda" title="Indians in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Zambia" title="Indians in Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Botswana" title="Indians in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Egypt" title="Indians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Indian" title="Ghanaian Indian">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_South_Africans" title="Indian South Africans">South Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_South_Africans" title="Tamil South Africans">Tamil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Zimbabwe" title="Indians in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_people" title="Indo-Caribbean people">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Barbados" title="Indians in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Belizeans" title="Indo-Belizeans">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Indians in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Grenadians" title="Indo-Grenadians">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Guadeloupeans" title="Indo-Guadeloupeans">Guadeloupe</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Guyanese" title="Indo-Guyanese">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Haitians" title="Indo-Haitians">Haiti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marabou_(ethnicity)" title="Marabou (ethnicity)">Marabou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Jamaicans" title="Indo-Jamaicans">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Martiniquais" title="Indo-Martiniquais">Martinique</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Indians in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Saint_Lucian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Saint Lucian">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Vincentian" title="Indo-Vincentian">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Surinamese" title="Indo-Surinamese">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Trinidadians_and_Tobagonians" title="Indo–Trinidadians and Tobagonians">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Indians in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Argentina" title="Indians in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_immigration_to_Brazil" title="Indian immigration to Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Chile" title="Indians in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_French_Guiana" title="Indians in French Guiana">French Guiana</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Mexicans" title="Indian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Panama" title="Indians in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Peru" title="Indians in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Uruguayans" title="Indian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Venezuela" title="Indians in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anglo-America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_Canadians" title="Anglo-Indian Canadians">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians" title="Punjabi Canadians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Canadians" title="Sindhi Canadians">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Canadians" title="Tamil Canadians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_British_Columbia" title="South Asian Canadians in British Columbia">British Columbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_Greater_Vancouver" title="South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area" title="South Asian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Americans_by_location" title="Template:Indian Americans by location">by location</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Afghanistan" title="Indians in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis_in_Afghanistan" title="Punjabis in Afghanistan">Punjabi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Bangladesh" title="Indians in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Maldives" title="Indians in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Nepalis" title="Indian Nepalis">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Pakistan" title="Indians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Indians in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatha_people" title="Bharatha people">Bharatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Chetties" title="Sri Lankan Chetties">Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Tamils_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Telugus" title="Sri Lankan Telugus">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Brunei" title="Indians in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Cambodia" title="Indians in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesians" title="Indian Indonesians">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klingalese" title="Klingalese">Klingalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardijker_people" title="Mardijker people">Mardijker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Indonesians" title="Tamil Indonesians">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Gujaratis" title="Malaysian Gujaratis">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_Peranakan" title="Jawi Peranakan">Jawi Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malayalees" title="Malaysian Malayalees">Malayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians" title="Punjabi Malaysians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Malaysians" title="Tamil Malaysians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Telugus" title="Malaysian Telugus">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Penang" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Sabah" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Sarawak" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Indians" title="Burmese Indians">Myanmar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people_in_Myanmar" title="Mizo people in Myanmar">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Tamils" title="Myanmar Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Filipino" title="Indian Filipino">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Singaporeans" title="Indian Singaporeans">Singapore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Tamils" title="Singapore Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Thailand" title="Indians in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Vietnam" title="Indians in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_Hong_Kong" title="South Asians in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Japan" title="Indians in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Korea" title="Indians in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Taiwan" title="Indians in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Bahrain" title="Indians in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Iran" title="Indians in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Israel" title="Indians in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Indian Jews in Israel">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kuwait" title="Indians in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Lebanon" title="Indians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Oman" title="Indians in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Qatar" title="Indians in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Resident_Indians_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Non-Resident Indians in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Turkey" title="Indians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Indians in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Poland" title="Indians in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Russia" title="Indians in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Finland" title="Indians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Sweden" title="Indians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Cyprus" title="Indians in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Italy" title="Indians in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Italy" title="Tamils in Italy">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Maltese" title="Indian Maltese">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Portugal" title="Indians in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Spain" title="Indians in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_France" title="Indians in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_France" title="Tamils in France">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Germany" title="Indians in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Germans" title="Tamil Germans">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Switzerland" title="Indians in Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Tamils" title="Swiss Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_community_of_London" title="Indian community of London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indo-Caribbean_people" title="British Indo-Caribbean people">Indo-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Gujaratis" title="British Gujaratis">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sindhis" title="British Sindhis">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="British Tamil">Tamil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Australians" title="Indian Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayali_Australians" title="Malayali Australians">Malayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Australians" title="Punjabi Australians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Australians" title="Tamil Australians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Australians" title="Sindhi Australians">Sindhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Fijians" title="Indo-Fijians">Fiji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujaratis_in_Fiji" title="Gujaratis in Fiji">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indians_in_Fiji" title="South Indians in Fiji">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Caledonia<sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Zealanders" title="Indian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Indians" title="Māori Indians">Maori-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_New_Zealanders" title="Tamil New Zealanders">Tamil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora#Diaspora_by_state_and_ethnolinguistic_regions_of_India" title="Indian diaspora">Ethnic diasporas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_diaspora" title="Bengali Hindu diaspora">Bengali Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_diaspora" title="Gujarati diaspora">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_diaspora" title="Kashmiri diaspora">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpuri_diaspora" title="Mirpuri diaspora">Mirpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_diaspora" title="Mizo diaspora">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_diaspora" title="Odia diaspora">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Sikhs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_diaspora" title="Sindhi diaspora">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_diaspora" title="South Indian diaspora">South Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayali_diaspora" title="Malayali diaspora">Malayalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Gulf_diaspora" title="Kerala Gulf diaspora">In the Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_diaspora" title="Tamil diaspora">Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_diaspora" title="Telugu diaspora">Telugus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_people" title="Anglo-Indian people">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chindians" title="Chindians">Chindians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_diaspora" title="South Asian diaspora">South Asian diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desi" title="Desi">Desi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_India" title="Little India">Little India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravasi_Bharatiya_Samman" title="Pravasi Bharatiya Samman">Non-Resident Indian Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravasi_Bharatiya_Divas" title="Pravasi Bharatiya Divas">Non-Resident Indian Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas department</a> of France in the southwest Indian Ocean</li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas departments</a> of France in the Americas</li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup>A <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France#Sui_generis_collectivity" title="Overseas France">sui generis collectivity</a> of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Pakistan&#124;link=Pakistan_Pakistani_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistani_Diaspora" title="Template:Pakistani Diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistani_Diaspora" title="Template talk:Pakistani Diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistani_Diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistani Diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Pakistan&#124;link=Pakistan_Pakistani_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_diaspora" title="Pakistani diaspora">Pakistani diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Libya" title="Pakistanis in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Somalia" title="Pakistanis in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_South_Africa" title="Pakistanis in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Afghanistan" title="Pakistanis in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis_in_Afghanistan" title="Punjabis in Afghanistan">Punjabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranded_Pakistanis_in_Bangladesh" title="Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_India" title="Pakistanis in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people_in_India" title="Baloch people in India">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathans_in_India" title="Pathans in India">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhis_in_India" title="Sindhis in India">Sindhis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sri Lanka <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pathans_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Pathans in Sri Lanka">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhis_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Sindhis in Sri Lanka">Sindhis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gulf</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Bahrain" title="Pakistanis in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Iran" title="Pakistanis in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Kuwait" title="Pakistanis in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Oman" title="Pakistanis in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Qatar" title="Pakistanis in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Pakistanis in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Pakistanis in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Baloch people in the United Arab Emirates">Baloch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Yemen" title="Pakistanis in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Far East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_China" title="Pakistanis in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Hong_Kong" title="Pakistanis in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Japan" title="Pakistanis in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_South_Korea" title="Pakistanis in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Myanmar" title="Pakistanis in Myanmar">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Malaysia" title="Pakistanis in Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_Peranakan" title="Jawi Peranakan">Jawi Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians" title="Punjabi Malaysians">Punjabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Singapore" title="Pakistanis in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Thailand" title="Pakistanis in Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistanis in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Jews_in_Israel" title="Pakistani Jews in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistanis in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistanis in Syria">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Denmark" title="Pakistanis in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_France" title="Pakistanis in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Germany" title="Pakistanis in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Italy" title="Pakistanis in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistanis in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegians_with_Pakistani_background" title="Norwegians with Pakistani background">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Spain" title="Pakistanis in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_community_of_London" title="Pakistani community of London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Mirpuris" title="British Mirpuris">Mirpuris</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Pashtuns" title="British Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sindhis" title="British Sindhis">Sindhis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Canadians" title="Pakistani Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistani_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of Pakistani Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Americans" title="Baloch Americans">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Americans" title="Pashtun Americans">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Australians" title="Pakistani Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cameleers_in_Australia" title="Afghan cameleers in Australia">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Australians" title="Punjabi Australians">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_Australians" title="Hazara Australians">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Australians" title="Sindhi Australians">Sindhis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_New_Zealanders" title="Pakistani New Zealanders">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">Punjabis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub-diasporas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_diaspora" title="Baloch diaspora">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_diaspora" title="Gujarati diaspora">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_diaspora" title="Hazara diaspora">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmiri_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Kashmiri diaspora">Azad Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_diaspora" title="Kashmiri diaspora">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_diaspora" title="Pashtun diaspora">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_diaspora" title="Saraiki diaspora">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_diaspora" title="Sindhi diaspora">Sindhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Anti-Pakistan sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Pakistan" title="List of diplomatic missions of Pakistan">Diplomatic missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Pakistan" title="Immigration to Pakistan">Immigration to Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pakistan" title="Little Pakistan">Little Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Overseas_Pakistanis_and_Human_Resource_Development" title="Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development">Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistani nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_passport" title="Pakistani passport">Pakistani passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_students_abroad" title="Pakistani students abroad">Pakistani students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Pakistani_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens">Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asian_diasporas_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AsiansinUK" title="Template:AsiansinUK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AsiansinUK" title="Template talk:AsiansinUK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AsiansinUK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AsiansinUK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asian_diasporas_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asian diasporas in the United Kingdom</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Central Asians in the United Kingdom">Central Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Afghans in the United Kingdom">Afghan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Pashtuns" title="British Pashtuns">Pashtun</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="East Asians in the United Kingdom">East Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_community_in_London" title="Chinese community in London">London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kongers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hong Kongers in the United Kingdom">Hong Kongers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Japanese in the United Kingdom">Japanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_community_of_London" title="Japanese community of London">in London</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Koreans in the United Kingdom">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mongolians in the United Kingdom">Mongolians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="South Asians in the United Kingdom">South Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshis" title="British Bangladeshis">Bangladeshis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Bhutanese" title="British Bhutanese">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_community_of_London" title="Indian community of London">in London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nepalese in the United Kingdom">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_community_of_London" title="Pakistani community of London">in London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sri_Lankans" title="British Sri Lankans">Sri Lankans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Mirpuris" title="British Mirpuris">Mirpuris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Pashtuns" title="British Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Romani people in the United Kingdom">Romani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kale_(Welsh_Roma)" title="Kale (Welsh Roma)">Kale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">Romanichal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Romani_and_Itinerant_people_groups#Lowland_Scottish_Gypsies/Travellers" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Romani and Itinerant people groups">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sindhis" title="British Sindhis">Sindhis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Tamils" title="British Tamils">Tamils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Southeast Asians in the United Kingdom">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Burmese people in the United Kingdom">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Filipinos in the United Kingdom">Filipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Indonesians in the United Kingdom">Indonesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Malaysians in the United Kingdom">Malaysians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporeans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Singaporeans in the United Kingdom">Singaporeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thais_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Thais in the United Kingdom">Thais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timorese_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Timorese in Northern Ireland">Timorese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Vietnamese people in the United Kingdom">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Arabs" title="British Arabs">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Armenians in the United Kingdom">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Assyrians" title="British Assyrians">Assyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Azerbaijanis in the United Kingdom">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Cypriots" title="British Cypriots">Cypriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emiratis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emiratis in the United Kingdom">Emiratis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Iranians in the United Kingdom">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Syrians in the United Kingdom">Syrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Iraqis" title="British Iraqis">Iraqis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Israelis in the United Kingdom">Israelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Kurds in the United Kingdom">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Lebanese people in the United Kingdom">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Palestinians" title="British Palestinians">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Turks" title="British Turks">Turks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_community_of_London" title="Turkish community of London">in London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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