Glossary | NICE

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB"> <head> <title>Glossary | NICE</title>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;600&family=Lora:ital,wght@0,600;1,600&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://cdn.nice.org.uk/niceorg/css/app.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />   <script crossorigin="anonymous" integrity="sha384-1H217gwSVyLSIfaLxHbE7dRb3v4mYCKbpQvzx0cegeju1MVsGrX5xXxAvs/HgeFs" src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script crossorigin="anonymous" integrity="sha384-ez4i72z0XhJqm0ZRoQkpPN0bDV8Kw8PK3n8kjEZsWhRDrfICLd0AGghHJB+vytx0" src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-migrate-3.4.1.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Themes/NICE.Bootstrap/scripts/head.combined-v1.10.9325.0.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" /> <meta name="x-country" content="gb" /> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Glossary | NICE" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Glossary" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Glossary" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#f6f6f6" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//cdn.nice.org.uk/V3/Content/nice/favicon-144.png" /> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="NICE" /> <meta name="DC.Rights.Copyright" content="All content on this site is NICE copyright unless otherwise stated. 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'&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-M55QTQ');</script>  <div id="global-nav-header"></div> <div id="printpane"></div> <header class="container "> <div class="zone zone-breadcrumb"> <div class="widget-GlossarySubMenuWidgetBreadcrumb widget-breadcrumb widget-sub-menu-widget widget"> <div class="widget-content"> <div class="container"> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li><a href="/" data-track="mainbreadcrumb">Home</a></li> </ul> <h1 id="content-start">Glossary</h1> </div> </div> </div></div> </header> <div id="toTop"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-nice-chevron-up"></span></div> <main class="layout "> <div class="content content-primary"> <div class="zone zone-content"> <div id="glossary-list-index"> <div class="glossary-main"> <div id="glossary-intro"> <p class="lead">The NICE glossary provides brief definitions and explanations of terms used on the website. The terms describe how NICE works and how its guidance is produced.</p> <p>Our glossary excludes specific clinical and medical terms. If you cannot find the term you are looking for, please <a href="mailto:NICEGlossary@nice.org.uk">email us</a> so that we can consider adding it to the glossary.</p> <p>Some definitions and examples are based on those in the <a href="http://htaglossary.net/HomePage">HTAi consumer and patient glossary</a>, with thanks to Health Technology Assessment International.</p> <p>For terms used in social care, the <a href="http://www.thinklocalactpersonal.org.uk/Browse/Informationandadvice/CareandSupportJargonBuster/">Care and Support Jargon Buster</a> from Think Local Act Personal is a useful guide to the most commonly used social care words and phrases, and what they mean.</p> </div> <div id="glossary-list"> <ul class="media-list"> <li class="media" id="Managed access"> <h2 class="h4">Managed access</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>Managed access gives people faster access to promising new treatments that might not otherwise be recommended because of uncertainties about their clinical or cost effectiveness. During managed access, more evidence is collected to address any uncertainties about a treatment using a managed access agreement. This evidence is then used to assess whether the treatment should be made available for routine use on the NHS.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Managed access agreement"> <h2 class="h4">Managed access agreement</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>When a treatment is recommended with managed access, NHS England and the company responsible for the treatment develop a managed access agreement.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Marketing authorisation"> <h2 class="h4">Marketing authorisation</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>This was previously known as a product licence. Marketing authorisation is granted to medicines that meet the standards of safety, quality and efficacy set by a medicines regulator (for example, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency or the European Medicines Agency). It is normally necessary before a medicine can be prescribed or sold.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Markov modelling"> <h2 class="h4">Markov modelling</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>A decision-analytic technique that characterises the prognosis of a group by assigning group members to a fixed number of health states and then modelling transitions among the health states.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Mass media"> <h2 class="h4">Mass media</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>Mass-media interventions use a range of methods to communicate a message as widely as possible. This can include local, regional or national television, radio and newspapers, and leaflets and booklets. It can also include digital media.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Medical devices"> <h2 class="h4">Medical devices</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>All products, except medicines, used in healthcare to diagnose, prevent, monitor or treat illness or disability. For example, a device might be a pacemaker, knee replacement, X-ray machine or blood pressure monitor.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Medical technologies advisory committee"> <h2 class="h4">Medical technologies advisory committee</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>An independent committee with 2 roles: selecting medical technologies for evaluation by other NICE guidance programmes and developing medical technologies guidance itself.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Medical Technologies Evaluation Programme"> <h2 class="h4">Medical Technologies Evaluation Programme</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>A NICE programme to identify medical technologies that could offer benefits to patient or the NHS. Companies notify NICE about possible topics. The medical technologies advisory committee selects products for evaluation. It may carry out the evaluation itself or refer the topic to be evaluated by another NICE programme, usually technology appraisals, interventional procedures or diagnostics, or sometimes guidelines.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Medical technologies guidance"> <h2 class="h4">Medical technologies guidance</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>Guidance produced by the medical technologies advisory committee on technologies that it evaluates. Medical technologies may also be evaluated by other NICE programmes, and these usually result in diagnostics guidance or technology appraisal guidance.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency"> <h2 class="h4">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is the Executive Agency of the Department of Health that is responsible for protecting and promoting public health and patient safety by ensuring that medicines, healthcare products and medical equipment meet appropriate standards of safety, quality, performance and effectiveness, and are used safely.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Medicines and prescribing associates"> <h2 class="h4">Medicines and prescribing associates</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>A group of health professionals supported by NICE for whom influencing medicines and prescribing in the NHS is a key part of their job. They are recruited by the Medicines and Prescribing Programme through a selection and assessment process but are not employed by NICE. They work within their own organisation and their local health economy to: support the adoption of NICE and other high-quality guidance into practice and reduce inappropriate variation in prescribing across localities; highlight issues of medicines safety, risk and never events to improve medicines safety; and support the local managed introduction of new medicines.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Medtech innovation briefings"> <h2 class="h4">Medtech innovation briefings</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>Objective information on device and diagnostic technologies to aid local decision-making by clinicians, managers and procurement professionals. NICE no longer produces these briefings, but existing briefings are still available.</p> <p></p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="MeSH"> <h2 class="h4">MeSH</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>MeSH (medical subject headings) is the US National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus used for indexing articles from biomedical journals for databases such as MEDLINE.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Meta-analysis"> <h2 class="h4">Meta-analysis</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p class="NICEnormal">A method often used in systematic reviews to combine results from several studies of the same test, treatment or other intervention to estimate the overall effect of the treatment.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Methodological quality"> <h2 class="h4">Methodological quality</h2> <div class="media-body"> The extent to which a study's research methods conform to recognised good practice. </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Methodology"> <h2 class="h4">Methodology</h2> <div class="media-body"> Describes how research is done, including how information is collected and analysed, and why a particular method has been chosen. The overall approach taken by a research project: for example, the study could be a randomised controlled trial of 200 people over 1 year. </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Minimal clinically important difference"> <h2 class="h4">Minimal clinically important difference</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>The smallest change in a treatment outcome that people with the condition would identify as important (either beneficial or harmful), and that would lead a person or their clinician to consider a change in treatment.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Mixed treatment comparison"> <h2 class="h4">Mixed treatment comparison</h2> <div class="media-body"> An analysis that compares 2 or more interventions using a combination of direct evidence (from trials that directly compare the interventions of interest) and indirect evidence (trials that do not compare the interventions of interest directly). </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Morbidity rate"> <h2 class="h4">Morbidity rate</h2> <div class="media-body"> The number of cases of an illness, injury or condition within a given time (usually a year). It can also refer to the percentage of people with a particular illness, injury or condition within a defined population. </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Mortality rates"> <h2 class="h4">Mortality rates</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>The proportion of a population that dies within a particular period of time. The rate is often given as a certain number per 1,000 people.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Multicentre study"> <h2 class="h4">Multicentre study</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>A study in which people selected to take part come from different locations or populations. For example, from different hospitals or even different countries.</p> </div> </li> <li class="media" id="Multiple technology appraisal"> <h2 class="h4">Multiple technology appraisal</h2> <div class="media-body"> <p>A technology appraisal that assesses several drugs or treatments used for 1 condition, or a single drug or treatment that is used for several conditions. Single technologies can also be appraised using this process if there are issues complicating the appraisal, such as a complex situation around the comparator treatments.</p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content content-secondary"> <div class="zone zone-aside-second"> <ul class="nav nav-glossary"> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=A">A</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=B">B</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=C">C</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=D">D</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=E">E</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=F">F</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=G">G</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=H">H</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=I">I</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=J">J</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=K">K</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=L">L</a></li> <li class="active"> <a href="/Glossary?letter=M">M</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=N">N</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=O">O</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=P">P</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=Q">Q</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=R">R</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=S">S</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=T">T</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=U">U</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=V">V</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=W">W</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=X">X</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=Y">Y</a></li> <li > <a href="/Glossary?letter=Z">Z</a></li> </ul></div> </div>  </main>  <script async="" src="https://cdn.nice.org.uk/niceorg/js/app.js" type="text/javascript"></script>  <script src="https://cdn.nice.org.uk/V2/Scripts/twitter.bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://cdn.nice.org.uk/V2/Scripts/NICE.bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Modules/Orchard.Resources/scripts/history.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//cdn.nice.org.uk/V3/Scripts/nice/NICE.EventTracking.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Themes/NICE.Bootstrap/scripts/niceorg/NICE.TopScroll.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Themes/NICE.Bootstrap/scripts/foot.combined-v1.10.9325.0.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script> var global_nav_config = { service: "", header: { skipLinkId: "content-start", search: { url: "/search", autocomplete: "/autocomplete?ajax=ajax", query: "", onSearching: window.globalNavSearchingHandler || null }, auth: { environment: "live" }, cookie: false }, footer: true }; </script> <script src="https://cdn.nice.org.uk/global-nav/global-nav.min.js" defer></script> <script src="//cdn.nice.org.uk/cookie-banner/cookie-banner.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ajaxSend(function (event, jqxhr, settings) { if (settings.url.indexOf("?") >= 0) { settings.url = settings.url + "&ajax=ajax"; } else { settings.url = settings.url + "?ajax=ajax"; } }) if ('ontouchstart' in document.documentElement) { $('body').addClass('touch-screen-device'); } else { $('body').addClass('non-touch-screen-device'); } </script> <div id="global-nav-footer"></div> </body> </html>

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