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Polifiletikus csoport – Wikipédia

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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Példa_polifiletikus_csoportokra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Példa polifiletikus csoportokra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Példa_polifiletikus_csoportokra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lásd_még" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lásd_még"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lásd még</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lásd_még-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Tartalomjegyzék" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tartalomjegyzék kinyitása/becsukása" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tartalomjegyzék kinyitása/becsukása</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polifiletikus csoport</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ugrás egy más nyelvű szócikkre. Elérhető 43 nyelven" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 nyelv</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphyly" title="Polyphyly – angol" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polyphyly" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifileties" title="Polifileties – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Polifileties" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifilia_(filochenetica)" title="Polifilia (filochenetica) – aragonéz" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Polifilia (filochenetica)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonéz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82" title="متعددة العرق – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="متعددة العرق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifilija" title="Polifilija – bosnyák" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Polifilija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnyák" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifiletisme" title="Polifiletisme – katalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Polifiletisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyfyletismus" title="Polyfyletismus – cseh" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polyfyletismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cseh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Полифили – csuvas" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Полифили" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="csuvas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyfyletisk_gruppe" title="Polyfyletisk gruppe – dán" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polyfyletisk gruppe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifil%C3%A9tico" title="Polifilético – spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polifilético" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%BCf%C3%BCleetiline_r%C3%BChm" title="Polüfüleetiline rühm – észt" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Polüfüleetiline rühm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="észt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifiletiko" title="Polifiletiko – baszk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polifiletiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baszk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="چندتبار – perzsa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چندتبار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphylie" title="Polyphylie – francia" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polyphylie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifil%C3%A9tico" title="Polifilético – gallego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polifilético" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5" title="બહુસમુદાયીત્વ – gudzsaráti" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બહુસમુદાયીત્વ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudzsaráti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="פוליפילטיות – héber" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוליפילטיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="héber" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80" title="बहुवर्गी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहुवर्गी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifilija" title="Polifilija – horvát" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Polifilija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvát" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphylia" title="Polyphylia – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Polyphylia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifili" title="Polifili – indonéz" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Polifili" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifilia" title="Polifilia – olasz" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polifilia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="olasz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%BE%A4" title="多系統群 – japán" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="多系統群" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5%EA%B5%B0" title="다계통군 – koreai" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다계통군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyfylie" title="Polyfylie – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Polyfylie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyfyletische_groep" title="Polyfyletische groep – holland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polyfyletische groep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyfyletisk_gruppe" title="Polyfyletisk gruppe – norvég (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Polyfyletisk gruppe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvég (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyfyletisk_gruppe" title="Polyfyletisk gruppe – norvég (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polyfyletisk gruppe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvég (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takson_polifiletyczny" title="Takson polifiletyczny – lengyel" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Takson polifiletyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lengyel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifilia" title="Polifilia – portugál" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polifilia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Полифилия – orosz" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полифилия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="orosz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphyly" title="Polyphyly – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polyphyly" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifilija" title="Polifilija – szerb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Polifilija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="szerb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphylie" title="Polyphylie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Polyphylie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyfyli" title="Polyfyli – svéd" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polyfyli" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svéd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பலதொகுதிமரபு உயிரினத் தோற்றம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பலதொகுதிமரபு உயிரினத் தோற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifili" title="Polifili – török" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polifili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="török" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Поліфілія – ukrán" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поліфілія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90a_ng%C3%A0nh" title="Đa ngành – vietnámi" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đa ngành" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnámi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polifiletike" title="Polifiletike – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Polifiletike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="多系群 – kínai" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="多系群" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/To-h%C4%93-th%C3%B3ng" title="To-hē-thóng – min nan kínai" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="To-hē-thóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kínai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%BE%A4" title="多系群 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="多系群" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217743#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nyelvközi hivatkozások szerkesztése" class="wbc-editpage">Hivatkozások szerkesztése</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Névterek"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Polifiletikus_csoport" title="A lap megtekintése [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Szócikk</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vita:Polifiletikus_csoport&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Az oldal tartalmának megvitatása (a lap nem létezik) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Vitalap</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">Ez a lap egy ellenőrzött változata</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet&#10;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById(&quot;mw-fr-revision-details&quot;).style.display = &quot;none&quot;;" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium&#10;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">Ez a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Jel%C3%B6lt_lapv%C3%A1ltozatok" title="Wikipédia:Jelölt lapváltozatok">közzétett változat</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1lis:Rendszernapl%C3%B3k&amp;type=review&amp;page=Speci%C3%A1lis:Badtitle/Message">ellenőrizve</a>: <i>2024. július 23.</i><p><table id="mw-fr-revisionratings-box" class="flaggedrevs-color-1" style="margin: auto;" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="fr-text" style="vertical-align: middle;">Pontosság</td><td class="fr-value40" style="vertical-align: middle;">ellenőrzött</td></tr></table></p></div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hu" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1jl:Polyphyletic-mammals-birds.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Polyphyletic-mammals-birds.svg/334px-Polyphyletic-mammals-birds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="334" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Polyphyletic-mammals-birds.svg/501px-Polyphyletic-mammals-birds.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Polyphyletic-mammals-birds.svg/668px-Polyphyletic-mammals-birds.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Madarak" title="Madarak">madarak</a> és az <a href="/wiki/Eml%C5%91s%C3%B6k" title="Emlősök">emlősök</a>, vagyis a "meleg vérű állatok" polifiletikus csoportot alkotnak.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Rendszertan_(biol%C3%B3gia)" title="Rendszertan (biológia)">biológiai rendszertanban</a> <b>polifilumnak</b> vagy <b>polifiletikus csoportnak</b> nevezzük az olyan <a href="/wiki/Rendszertan_(biol%C3%B3gia)" title="Rendszertan (biológia)">taxonómiai</a> vagy az élőlények egyes hasonló jellemvonásain alapuló csoportot, amely több ősre vezethető vissza, tagjainak hasonló tulajdonságai egymástól teljesen függetlenül jöttek létre – <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1rhuzamos_evol%C3%BAci%C3%B3" title="Párhuzamos evolúció">párhuzamos evolúció</a> vagy <a href="/wiki/Konvergens_evol%C3%BAci%C3%B3" title="Konvergens evolúció">konvergens evolúció</a> során. </p><p>A függetlenül kialakult hasonló jelleg(ek)kel rendelkező csoportok esetében a <b>homoplázia</b> jelenségéről beszélünk. Ez esetben a tulajdonságbeli megegyezés nem a közös leszármazás bizonyítéka. </p><p>Azon élőlények összessége, melyeknek minden tagja visszavezethető egyetlen törzsfajra, <a href="/wiki/Monofiletikus_csoport" title="Monofiletikus csoport">monofiletikus csoportot</a> alkotnak, amennyiben pedig a csoport a legközelebbi közös ősnek nem az összes leszármazottját tartalmazza, akkor <a href="/wiki/Parafiletikus_csoport" title="Parafiletikus csoport">parafiletikus csoportról</a> beszélünk. </p><p>A modern <a href="/wiki/Filogenetikus_rendszertan" title="Filogenetikus rendszertan">filogenetikus rendszertan</a> kizárja a polifiletikus csoportok <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxonként</a> való alkalmazását. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Példa_polifiletikus_csoportokra"><span id="P.C3.A9lda_polifiletikus_csoportokra"></span>Példa polifiletikus csoportokra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polifiletikus_csoport&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Példa polifiletikus csoportokra"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Melegvérű (azaz állandó testhőmérsékletű) állatok: <a href="/wiki/Madarak" title="Madarak">madarak</a> és <a href="/wiki/Eml%C5%91s%C3%B6k" title="Emlősök">emlősök</a>.</li> <li>Röpképes állatok: a <a href="/wiki/Rovarok" title="Rovarok">rovarok</a> egy része, a <a href="/wiki/Madarak" title="Madarak">madarak</a> nagy része, az <a href="/wiki/Eml%C5%91s%C3%B6k" title="Emlősök">emlősök</a> kis része (<a href="/wiki/Denev%C3%A9rek" title="Denevérek">denevérek</a>). Az előzőekkel időben nem egyeztethető össze, de ilyen volt a már kihalt <i><a href="/wiki/Pteroszauruszok" title="Pteroszauruszok">Pterosauria</a></i> csoport is. <ul><li>Röpképes gerincesek: <a href="/wiki/Madarak" title="Madarak">madarak</a> és <a href="/wiki/Denev%C3%A9rek" title="Denevérek">denevérek</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>Hólyagszemmel rendelkező állatok: a fejlett <a href="/wiki/Gerinch%C3%BArosok" title="Gerinchúrosok">gerinchúrosok</a> és a fejlett <a href="/wiki/Puhatest%C5%B1ek" title="Puhatestűek">puhatestűek</a>.</li> <li>Tengeri emlősök: <a href="/wiki/Cetek" title="Cetek">cetek</a> alrendága és <a href="/wiki/Tengeritehenek" title="Tengeritehenek">tengeritehenek</a> rendje, valamint a <a href="/wiki/Ragadoz%C3%B3k" title="Ragadozók">ragadozók</a> rendjén belül az <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Asz%C3%B3l%C3%A1b%C3%BAak" title="Úszólábúak">úszólábúak</a> öregcsaládja.</li> <li>Fotoszintézisre képes élőlények: <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6v%C3%A9nyek" title="Növények">növények</a> és egyes <a href="/wiki/Bakt%C3%A9riumok" title="Baktériumok">baktériumok</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lásd_még"><span id="L.C3.A1sd_m.C3.A9g"></span>Lásd még</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polifiletikus_csoport&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Lásd még"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monofiletikus_csoport" title="Monofiletikus csoport">Monofiletikus csoport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parafiletikus_csoport" title="Parafiletikus csoport">Parafiletikus csoport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%A1d" title="Klád">Klád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">Taxon</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint noviewer" style="overflow: hidden; clear: both;"><div style="margin-left:0; margin-right:2px;"><ul style="display:block; list-style-image:none; list-style-type:none; width:100%; vertical-align:middle; margin:0; padding:0; min-height: 27px;"><li style="float:left; min-height: 27px; line-height:25px; width:100%; margin:0; margin-top:.5em; margin-left:0; margin-right:0; padding:0; border:1px solid #CCF; background-color:#F0EEFF"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1jl:P_biology.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="biológia"><img alt="biológia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/P_biology.svg/25px-P_biology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/P_biology.svg/38px-P_biology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/P_biology.svg/50px-P_biology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Biol%C3%B3gia" title="Portál:Biológia">Biológiaportál</a></b> • összefoglaló, színes tartalomajánló lap</li></ul></div></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">A lap eredeti címe: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polifiletikus_csoport&amp;oldid=27309126">https://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polifiletikus_csoport&amp;oldid=27309126</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Kateg%C3%B3ri%C3%A1k" title="Wikipédia:Kategóriák">Kategória</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Rendszertan" title="Kategória:Rendszertan">Rendszertan</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> A lap utolsó módosítása: 2024. július 23., 20:03</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">A lap szövege <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hu">Creative Commons Nevezd meg! – Így add tovább! 4.0</a> licenc alatt van; egyes esetekben más módon is felhasználható. 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