Religious Personages & Scholars Portal

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href="/browse/Religious-Personages-Scholars/20">ŚāN-ḤUS</a> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="label my-30 text-center">Featured Articles</h2> <div class="js-pinboard grid gy-20"> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/97/115497-050-7D8CC20E/Portrait-oil-panel-Martin-Luther-Lucas-Cranach.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Martin Luther" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Martin Luther</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Martin Luther was a German theologian and religious reformer who was the catalyst of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. Through his words and actions, Luther precipitated a movement that reformulated... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-Paul-II" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/68/198768-050-433728A6/John-Paul-II-1989.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="John Paul II" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-Paul-II" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">St. John Paul II</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> St. John Paul II ; beatified May 1, 2011; canonized April 27, 2014; feast day October 22) was the bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church from 1978 to 2005. He was the first non-Italian pope... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/89/189689-050-A2B41327/tomb-Prophets-Mosque-dome-Medina-Saudi-Arabia.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Medina, Saudi Arabia: Prophet's Mosque" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Muhammad</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Muhammad was the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurʾān. He is traditionally said to have been born in 570 in Mecca and to have died in 632 in Medina, where he had been forced to emigrate to... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Calvin" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/29/117629-050-1EF9CC9B/John-Calvin.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="John Calvin" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Calvin" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">John Calvin</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> John Calvin was a theologian and ecclesiastical statesman. He was the leading French Protestant reformer and the most important figure in the second generation of the Protestant Reformation. His interpretation... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Absalom" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/36/163036-004-800A5684/Death-illustration-edition-Absalom-Bildern-Die-Bible-1860.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Absalom" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Absalom" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Absalom</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Absalom was the third and favourite son of David, king of Israel and Judah. The picture of Absalom that is presented in 2 Samuel 13–19 suggests that he was the Alcibiades of the Old Testament, alike in... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Augustine" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/07/121107-050-65C4CC92/Saint-Augustine-oil-wood-panel-Joos-Ghent.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Justus of Ghent: Saint Augustine" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Augustine" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">St. Augustine</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> St. Augustine ; feast day August 28) was the bishop of Hippo from 396 to 430, one of the Latin Fathers of the Church and perhaps the most significant Christian thinker after St. Paul. Augustine’s adaptation... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Joan-of-Arc" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/92/60892-050-3197B9F4/Joan-of-Arc-Coronation-Charles-VII-Reims-1854.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres: painting of Joan of Arc" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Joan-of-Arc" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">St. Joan of Arc</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> St. Joan of Arc ; canonized May 16, 1920; feast day May 30; French national holiday, second Sunday in May) was a national heroine of France, a peasant girl who, believing that she was acting under divine... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moses-Hebrew-prophet" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/93/19593-050-56F9F49F/Rembrandt-Moses-oil-painting-Tables-of-the-1659.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Moses and the Ten Commandments" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Moses-Hebrew-prophet" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Moses</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Moses was a Hebrew prophet, teacher, and leader who, in the 13th century bce (before the Common Era, or bc), delivered his people from Egyptian slavery. In the Covenant ceremony at Mt. Sinai, where the... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Paul-the-Apostle" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/35/43635-050-DE5C78A2/oil-painting-The-Conversion-of-St-Paul-1610.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Caravaggio: The Conversion of St. Paul (second version)" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Paul-the-Apostle" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">St. Paul the Apostle</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> St. Paul the Apostle was one of the leaders of the first generation of Christians, often considered to be the most important person after Jesus in the history of Christianity. In his own day, although... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Gregory-VII" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/17/19617-050-35FA63FB/Gregory-VII-expulsion-ban-king-excommunication-clergy.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Pope Gregory VII, after his expulsion from Rome, laying a ban of excommunication on the clergy “together with the raging king” (Henry IV of Germany), drawing from the 12th-century chronicle of Otto of Freising; in the library of the University of Jena, Germany." class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Gregory-VII" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">St. Gregory VII</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> St. Gregory VII ; canonized 1606; feast day, May 25) was one of the greatest popes of the medieval church, who lent his name to the 11th-century movement now known as the Gregorian Reform or Investiture... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adam-and-Eve-biblical-literary-figures" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/48/13648-050-44E6096D/Adam-and-Eve-Alessandro-Farnese-detail-Giulio.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Adam and Eve" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adam-and-Eve-biblical-literary-figures" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Adam and Eve</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Adam and Eve, in the Judeo-Christian and Islamic traditions, the original human couple, parents of the human race. In the Bible there are two accounts of their creation. According to the Priestly (P) history... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="adm my-30"></div> <div class="subcategories"> <h2 class="h4 mt-40 mb-30 font-weight-bold">Religious Personages & Scholars Subcategories</h2> <div class="grid gy-30 mb-30"> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <a href="/browse/Saints-Popes"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/190382-050-D317C8C2/Meeting-of-Joachim-panel-Anne-Outside-Golden.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Lippi, Filippino: The Meeting of Joachim and Anne Outside the Golden Gate of Jerusalem" class="col-100 mb-20" /> </a> <a href="/browse/Saints-Popes" class="font-weight-bold font-16">Saints & Popes</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 line-clamp clamp-3"></div> <div class="label mt-20">Articles</div> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="mt-20"> <a class="font-weight-bold" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saints-Anne-and-Joachim">Saints Anne and Joachim</a> <div class="font-serif">parents of Mary</div> </li> <li class="mt-20"> <a class="font-weight-bold" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-I-pope">Francis</a> <div class="font-serif">pope</div> </li> <li class="mt-20"> <a class="font-weight-bold" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Thomas-Aquinas">St. Thomas Aquinas</a> <div class="font-serif">Italian Christian theologian and philosopher</div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <DIV class="marketing-CATEGORY_PAGE_SUBSCRIPTION marketing-content" data-marketing-id="CATEGORY_PAGE_SUBSCRIPTION"><style> .student-promo-banner-wrapper { container-type: inline-size; margin-bottom: 15px; } @container (min-width: 475px) { .student-promo-banner { flex-direction: row; } .student-promo-banner-img-wrapper { margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 10px; justify-content: flex-start; } .student-promo-banner-text-wrapper { text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; } .student-promo-banner-button-wrapper { margin-right: 0; } }</style> <div class="student-promo-banner-wrapper"> <div class="student-promo-banner d-flex flex-column align-items-center bg-blue rounded p-20"> <div class="student-promo-banner-img-wrapper mb-20 mr-0 d-flex justify-content-center"> <img class="rounded" style="max-width: 100px; min-width: 80px" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/marketing/BlueThistle.webp" /> </div> <div class="student-promo-banner-text-wrapper ml-0 mb-10 text-center text-white"> <div class="h2 mb-10">Britannica Premium</div> <div class="h4 font-weight-semi-bold">Did you know you're not getting the full Britannica experience? 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