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gtm-homepage-hero-banner-promo" href="/money/journey/new-job-new-life"> <picture style="display:flex;justify-content: center;width:100%;"> <source media="(min-width:1100px)" srcset="https://cdn.britannica.com/marketing/Britannica-Money-New-Job-NewLife-desktop-2200-200.jpg"> <source media="(min-width:780px)" srcset="https://cdn.britannica.com/marketing/Britannica-Money-New-Job-NewLife-tablet-1560-100.jpg"> <img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/marketing/Britannica-Money-New-Job-NewLife-mobile-720-100.jpg" alt="Banner with text New job new life: Starting out? Start here. on a light background. Includes a calculator, parachute, smiling woman, and Learn More button." object-fit: cover; width:100%;"> </picture> </a></DIV><div class="container"> <div class="kic-container qa-contentful1 my-20 "> <div class="label mb-10"> <a href="/on-this-day" > March 21, 2025 </a> </div> <div class="cards3up kic-grid-A1"> <div class="kic-title-container"> <h2 class="display-3 font-serif kic-title mb-15"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Selma-March/We-Shall-Overcome-LBJ-and-the-1965-Voting-Rights-Act#ref324497" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">“How Long, Not Long”</a> </h2> <div class="font-serif"> This weekend marks the 60th anniversary of the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Selma-March" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Selma March</a>, a landmark event in the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/American-civil-rights-movement" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">American civil rights movement</a>. After the fatal shooting of a young Black demonstrator by an Alabama state trooper, civil rights leaders called for a march from Selma to the state capital, Montgomery. On March 7, 1965, hundreds of peaceful marchers attempted to cross the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Edmund-Pettus-Bridge" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Edmund Pettus Bridge</a> in Selma, but they were brutally assaulted by police in an event that came to be known as Bloody Sunday. Two weeks later, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-Luther-King-Jr" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Martin Luther King, Jr.</a>, led a group, now numbering in the thousands, on a march that reached Montgomery on March 25. </div> </div> <div class="card-hero"> <div class="card "> <div class="card-media media-IMAGE"> <a class="position-relative w-100" href="/event/Selma-March"> <img loading="eager" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/36/231236-050-2A30DCA6/Martin-Luther-King-Jr-Coretta-Scott-King-Selma-March-Montogmery-Civil-Rightss.jpg?w=727&h=410&c=crop&q=80" alt="Martin Luther King -his arm linked with his wife Coretta Scott King - lead a black voting rights march from Selma, Alabama, to Montgomery; among those pictured are, front row, politician and civil rights activist John Lewis, Reverend Ralph Abernathy, Ruth Harris Bunche, Nobel Prize-winning political scientist and diplomat Ralph Bunche, activist Hosea Williams (right carrying child). Civil rights" class="w-100 " /> </a> </div> <div class="card-body mt-10 p-0"> <a class="font-weight-bold h5" href="/event/Selma-March">“The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.”</a> <div class="credit mt-5" style="word-break: break-word;">William Lovelace—Hulton Archive/Getty Images</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card-2"> <div class="card card-horizontal card-sm-vertical"> <div class="card-media media-IMAGE"> <a class="position-relative w-100" href="/event/Selma-March#/media/1/2007979/195777"> <img loading="eager" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/14/181514-050-DABE32FE/Selma-March-infographic-timeline-marches-MLK-montgomery-alabama.jpg?w=354&h=300&c=crop&q=80" alt="Selma March Infographic. Selma to Montgomery marches, March 1965. Alabama. United States." class="w-100 " /> </a> </div> <div class="card-body mt-10 p-0"> <a class="font-weight-bold h5" href="/event/Selma-March#/media/1/2007979/195777">A Visual Guide to the Selma March</a> <div class="credit mt-5" style="word-break: break-word;">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc./Kenny Chmielewski</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card-3"> <div class="card card-horizontal card-sm-vertical"> <div class="card-media media-IMAGE"> <a class="position-relative w-100" href="/event/Voting-Rights-Act"> <img loading="eager" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/86/136086-050-D7C50AE3/Pres-Lyndon-B-Johnson-Voting-Rights-Act-July-2-1965.jpg?w=354&h=300&c=crop&q=80" alt="President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act, U.S. Capitol Rotunda, Washington, D.C., August 6, 1965." class="w-100 " /> </a> </div> <div class="card-body mt-10 p-0"> <a class="font-weight-bold h5" href="/event/Voting-Rights-Act">From Bloody Sunday to the Voting Rights Act</a> <div class="credit mt-5" style="word-break: break-word;">Lyndon B. Johnson Library and Museum; photograph, Robert Knudsen</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="read-more"> <h3>Read More</h3> <div class="grid"> <div class="col-sm-50 mb-15 mb-sm-0"> <a class="font-16 font-weight-bold" href="/list/riding-freedom-10-milestones-in-us-civil-rights-history">10 Milestones in American Civil Rights</a> </div> <div class="col-sm-50 mb-15 mb-sm-0"> <a class="font-16 font-weight-bold" href="/quiz/pop-quiz-17-things-to-know-about-the-american-civil-rights-movement"> 17 Things to Know About the Civil Rights Movement </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="kic-right-rail kic-right-rail-A1 font-14"> <div class="feature-block "><div class="oyr-title-container"><h3 class="h2 oyr-title font-serif mb-15"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/poetry" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Revolutions in Verse</a> </h3><p class="font-serif mb-20"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/story/world-poetry-day" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">World Poetry Day</a> is celebrated each year on March 21. And though the art form isn’t often associated with <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">feminism</a>, poetry has for centuries been used to voice opposition. Here are five insightful poets to discover during <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Womens-History-Month" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Women’s History Month</a>.</p></div> <a class="oyr-link-title font-weight-bold d-block mb-10" href="/biography/Maya-Angelou">Maya Angelou</a><p class="font-serif mb-20">She often mined her autobiography to explore themes of sexual, racial, and economic oppression. Recommended: “Still I Rise” and “Caged Bird”</p> <img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/75/5675-050-B0DD5D77/Maya-Angelou-1996.jpg?w=630" loading="eager" alt="American poet, memoirist, and actressMaya Angelou, 1996." class="d-block oyr-img mb-15 border-sm rounded-sm"> <a class="oyr-link-title font-weight-bold d-block mb-10" href="/biography/Lucille-Clifton">Lucille Clifton</a><p class="font-serif mb-20">Her “poem in praise of menstruation,” which starts with the lines “if there is a river / more beautiful than this,” is a feminist literary landmark. Also recommended: “homage to my hips”</p> <a class="oyr-link-title font-weight-bold d-block mb-10" href="/biography/Emily-Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a><p class="font-serif mb-20">Her life may have been quiet, but her poetry continues to speak to us. Recommended: “They shut me up in Prose” and “I felt a Funeral, in my Brain”</p> <a class="oyr-link-title font-weight-bold d-block mb-10" href="/biography/Audre-Lorde">Audre Lorde</a><p class="font-serif mb-20">She was renowned for her passionate writings on <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/lesbian-feminism" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">lesbian feminism</a> and issues of race. Recommended: “A Woman Speaks” and “Who Said It Was Simple”</p> <a class="oyr-link-title font-weight-bold d-block mb-10" href="/biography/Adrienne-Rich">Adrienne Rich</a><p class="font-serif mb-20">Rich’s work evolved from academic to autobiographical as she used her verse to explore feminist issues. Recommended: “Diving into the Wreck” and “Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law”</p> <div class="credit">© Tom Croke/Alamy</div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container trending-content my-40"> <h2 class="mb-15">Popular on <span>Britannica</span></h2> <div class="grid"> <div class="trending-list-container qa-treading-articles col-100 col-md-33 mb-30 mb-md-0"> <div class="Articles border-top-5"></div> <div class="border border-top-0 p-20 py-10 rounded-bl-lg rounded-br-lg"> <h3 class="font-16 text-uppercase mb-15 mb-md-20 d-block">Articles</h3> <ol class="list-none"> <li > <a class="d-block my-10 my-md-15" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sunita-Williams">Sunita Williams</a> </li> <li > <a class="d-block my-10 my-md-15" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Space-Station">International Space Station</a> </li> <li > <a class="d-block my-10 my-md-15" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lee-Harvey-Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> </li> <li > <a 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