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trademark</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Collective_trade_mark" title="Special:EditPage/Collective trade mark">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Collective+trade+mark%22">"Collective trade mark"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Collective+trade+mark%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Collective+trade+mark%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Collective+trade+mark%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Collective+trade+mark%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Collective+trade+mark%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>collective trademark</b>, <b>collective trade mark</b>, or <b>collective mark</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> owned by an organization (such as an association), used by its members to identify themselves with a level of quality or accuracy, geographical origin, or other characteristics set by the organization. </p><p>Collective trademarks are exceptions to the underlying principle of trademarks in that most trademarks serve as "badges of origin"; they indicate the individual source of the goods or services. A collective trademark, however, can be used by a variety of traders, rather than just one individual concern, provided that the trader belongs to the association. </p><p>Collective trademarks differ from <a href="/wiki/Certification_mark" title="Certification mark">certification marks</a>. The main difference is that collective trademarks may be used by particular members of the organization which owns them, while certification marks may be used by anybody who complies with the standards defined by the owner of the particular certification mark. All these factors are being completely at the level of intellectual property.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulations_on_use">Regulations on use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collective_trade_mark&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Regulations on use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>National trademark laws in some countries (such as <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>) provide for the filing of the regulations as an additional requirement for registration of the collective trademark. </p><p>The regulations shall normally specify: </p> <ul><li>the name and seat of the organization,</li> <li>information on the members authorized to use the collective trademark, including their names, addresses and seats,</li> <li>the conditions of membership,</li> <li>the conditions of use of the collective trademark,</li> <li>the prescriptions relating to the control of the use of the collective trademark,</li> <li>the order of proceedings against unauthorized use of the collective trademark.</li></ul> <p>The main purpose of the regulations is to protect consumers against misleading practices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_treaties">International treaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collective_trade_mark&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: International treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many jurisdictions have been required to amend their trademark legislation in order to accommodate the requirement of protection of collective marks under <a href="/wiki/TRIPs" class="mw-redirect" title="TRIPs">TRIPs</a>. Art. 7 <i>bis</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Industrial_Property" title="Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property">Paris Convention</a> also requires signatories "to accept for filing and to protect collective marks belonging to associations the existence of which is not contrary to the law of the country of origin, even if such organizations do not possess an industrial or commercial establishment." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collective_trade_mark&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examples of collective trademarks include: </p> <ul><li>the "CA" device used by the Institute of Chartered <a href="/wiki/Accountant" title="Accountant">Accountants</a>;</li> <li>the mark "CPA", used to indicate members of the Society of <a href="/wiki/Certified_Public_Accountant" title="Certified Public Accountant">Certified Public Accountants</a>; and,</li> <li>the marks of various confederated <a href="/wiki/Lobby_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobby group">lobby groups</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_cases">Related cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collective_trade_mark&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Related cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Parma Ham case [1991] RPC 251, in which the <i> Consorzio del <a href="/wiki/Prosciutto_di_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosciutto di Parma">Prosciutto di Parma</a></i> sued for passing off their unregistered collective mark;</li> <li><i>Association of Certified Public Accountants v. Trade Secretary</i> [1998] 1 WLR 164.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collective_trade_mark&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4562">"Geographical Indications: An Introduction, 2nd edition"</a>. <i>www.wipo.int</i>. p. 29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wipo.int&rft.atitle=Geographical+Indications%3A+An+Introduction%2C+2nd+edition&rft.pages=29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fpublications%2Fen%2Fdetails.jsp%3Fid%3D4562&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollective+trade+mark" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collective_trade_mark&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Certification_mark" title="Certification mark">Certification mark</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trademark_law" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trademark_law" title="Template:Trademark law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trademark_law" title="Template talk:Trademark law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trademark_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trademark law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trademark_law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">Trademark law</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_distinctiveness" title="Trademark distinctiveness">Distinctiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_dilution" title="Trademark dilution">Dilution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_trademark" title="Generic trademark">Generic trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_off" title="Passing off">Passing off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_use_registration" title="Concurrent use registration">Concurrent use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priority_right" title="Priority right">Priority right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_mark_coexistence_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade mark coexistence agreement">Coexistence agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confusing_similarity" title="Confusing similarity">Confusing similarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionality_doctrine" title="Functionality doctrine">Functionality doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial_interest_confusion" title="Initial interest confusion">Initial interest confusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Rose_%E2%80%93_Rectanus_doctrine" title="Tea Rose – Rectanus doctrine">Good faith doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_use_(U.S._trademark_law)" title="Fair use (U.S. trademark law)">Fair use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_liability" title="Secondary liability">Secondary liability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominative_use" title="Nominative use">Nominative use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparagement" title="Disparagement">Disparagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reputation_parasitism" title="Reputation parasitism">Reputation parasitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybersquatting" title="Cybersquatting">Cybersquatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_import" title="Parallel import">Parallel import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark#Well-known_status" title="Trademark">Well-known trademark</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="The word "R" within a circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/RegisteredTM.svg/50px-RegisteredTM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/RegisteredTM.svg/75px-RegisteredTM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/RegisteredTM.svg/100px-RegisteredTM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Industrial_Property" title="Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property">Paris Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid Agreement">Madrid Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Protocol" title="Madrid Protocol">Madrid Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Trade-Related_Aspects_of_Intellectual_Property_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights">TRIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Treaty_on_the_Law_of_Trademarks" title="Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks">Singapore Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Trade_Mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Trade Mark">Community Trade Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Domain-Name_Dispute-Resolution_Policy" title="Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy">Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_trade_mark_law" title="Australian trade mark law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_trademark_law" title="Canadian trademark law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_law_of_China" title="Trademark law of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_mark_law_of_the_European_Union" title="Trade mark law of the European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_trademark_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong trademark law">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_trademark_law" title="Indian trademark law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_trademark_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irish trademark law (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_trademark_law" title="Japanese trademark law">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_Law_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Trademark Law of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_trademark_law" title="Philippine trademark law">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_trade_mark_law" title="United Kingdom trade mark law">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_trademark_law" title="United States trademark law">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trademark_classification" title="Trademark classification">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_(Nice)_Classification_of_Goods_and_Services" title="International (Nice) Classification of Goods and Services">Standard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered trademark">Registered trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_mark" title="Service mark">Service mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_dress" title="Trade dress">Trade dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unregistered_trademark" title="Unregistered trademark">Unregistered trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wordmark" title="Wordmark">Wordmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Certification_mark" title="Certification mark">Certification marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_mark" title="Chartered mark">Chartered marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective trademark">Collective trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensive trademark">Defensive trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_registration_mark" title="Electronic registration mark">Electronic registration marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_protection_of_typefaces" title="Intellectual property protection of typefaces">Font trademark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_mark" title="Ghost mark">Ghost marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">Geographical indication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin" title="Protected designation of origin">Protected designation of origin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-conventional_trademark" title="Non-conventional trademark">Non-conventional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colour_trade_mark" title="Colour trade mark">Colour trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hologram_trademark" title="Hologram trademark">Hologram trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion trademark">Motion trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scent_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Scent trademark">Scent trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shape_trademark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shape trademark (page does not exist)">Shape trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_trademark" title="Sound trademark">Sound trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">Logo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trademark_Association" title="International Trademark Association">International Trademark Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Intellectual_Property_Office" title="European Union Intellectual Property Office">EUIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">USPTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Corporation_for_Assigned_Names_and_Numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers">ICANN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Patent-_und_Markenamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt">Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Intellectual_Property_Office" title="Canadian Intellectual Property Office">CIPO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark_symbol" title="Registered trademark symbol">Registered trademark symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">Service mark symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_symbol" title="Trademark symbol">Unregistered trademark symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budweiser_trademark_dispute" title="Budweiser trademark dispute">Budweiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian%E2%80%93Mozilla_trademark_dispute" title="Debian–Mozilla trademark dispute">Debian–Mozilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolichnaya_trademark_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Stolichnaya trademark dispute">Stolichnaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugg_boots_trademark_dispute" title="Ugg boots trademark dispute">Ugg boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Redskins_trademark_dispute" title="Washington Redskins trademark dispute">Washington Redskins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_attorney" title="Trademark attorney">Trademark attorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_examiner" title="Trademark examiner">Trademark examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_infringement" title="Trademark infringement">Trademark infringement</a></li> <li><a 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