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[o]" accesskey="o"> Meld aan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering">leer meer</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Bydraes</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n">Bespreking</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div 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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Klassifikasie en ewolusie subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Klassifikasie_en_ewolusie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subspesies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subspesies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Subspesies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subspesies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologie_en_gedrag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologie_en_gedrag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Biologie en gedrag </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biologie_en_gedrag-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Biologie en gedrag subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Biologie_en_gedrag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fisieke_eienskappe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisieke_eienskappe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Fisieke eienskappe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisieke_eienskappe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jag_en_dieet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jag_en_dieet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Jag en dieet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jag_en_dieet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voortplanting_en_lewensiklus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voortplanting_en_lewensiklus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Voortplanting en lewensiklus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voortplanting_en_lewensiklus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sosiale_struktuur_en_tuisgebied" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sosiale_struktuur_en_tuisgebied"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Sosiale struktuur en tuisgebied </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sosiale_struktuur_en_tuisgebied-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Ekologie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekologie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Ekologie subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Ekologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verspreiding_en_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verspreiding_en_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Verspreiding en habitat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verspreiding_en_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekologiese_rol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekologiese_rol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Ekologiese rol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekologiese_rol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kruisings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kruisings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Kruisings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kruisings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bewaringstatus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bewaringstatus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Bewaringstatus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bewaringstatus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verhouding_teenoor_die_mens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verhouding_teenoor_die_mens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Verhouding teenoor die mens </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Verhouding_teenoor_die_mens-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Verhouding teenoor die mens subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Verhouding_teenoor_die_mens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mitologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Mitologie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mitologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veeslagtings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veeslagtings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Veeslagtings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veeslagtings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aanvalle_op_die_mens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aanvalle_op_die_mens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Aanvalle op die mens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aanvalle_op_die_mens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Verwysings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdere_leeswerk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdere_leeswerk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Verdere leeswerk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdere_leeswerk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Eksterne skakels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Wissel die inhoudsopgawe </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Poema</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 115 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-115" aria-hidden="true" > 115 tale </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AB%E1%88%AB_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A0%E1%88%A3" title="የተራራ አንበሣ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የተራራ አንበሣ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beorgl%C4%93o" title="Beorglēo – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Beorglēo" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84" title="أسد الجبال – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسد الجبال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84" title="اسد الجبال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسد الجبال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasol_(Puma_concolor)" title="Wasol (Puma concolor) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Wasol (Puma concolor)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="داغ آسلانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داغ آسلانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kougar" title="Kougar – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kougar" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কুগার – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কুগার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A2%E1%8F%93%E1%8F%A5" title="ᏢᏓᏥ – Cherokees" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏢᏓᏥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokees" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan%C3%B3se%27hame" title="Nanóse'hame – Cheyennees" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Nanóse'hame" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyennees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_americk%C3%A1" title="Puma americká – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Puma americká" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B9ma" title="Pùma – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pùma" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwma" title="Pwma – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pwma" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Πούμα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πούμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cougar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumo" title="Pumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuma" title="Puuma – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puuma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C" title="شیر کوهی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیر کوهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuma" title="Puuma – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puuma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjalla-leyvur" title="Fjalla-leyvur – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fjalla-leyvur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pume" title="Pume – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Pume" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BAgar" title="Cúgar – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cúgar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B9ma" title="Pùma – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pùma" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguapyt%C3%A3" title="Jaguapytã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jaguapytã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פומת ההרים – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פומת ההרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="कूगर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कूगर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_(%C3%A1llatfaj)" title="Puma (állatfaj) – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Puma (állatfaj)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Պումա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պումա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumao" title="Pumao – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pumao" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjallalj%C3%B3n" title="Fjallaljón – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjallaljón" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E" title="ピューマ – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピューマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="პუმა – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პუმა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izem_n_idurar" title="Izem n idurar – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Izem n idurar" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೂಗರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೂಗರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%93%A8%EB%A7%88" title="퓨마 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퓨마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BBgar" title="Kûgar – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kûgar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%82%D3%B1%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Пума (тӱрлык) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пума (тӱрлык)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE" title="പൂമ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൂമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="प्युमा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्युमा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="ကူဂါ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကူဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poema" title="Poema – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Poema" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1shd%C3%B3%C3%ADtsoh" title="Náshdóítsoh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Náshdóítsoh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmaa_baddaa" title="Garmaa baddaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Garmaa baddaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੂਗਰ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੂਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_p%C5%82owa" title="Puma płowa – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Puma płowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="کوگار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوگار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pum%C4%83" title="Pumă – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pumă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cougar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_americk%C3%A1" title="Puma americká – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Puma americká" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puuma" title="Puuma – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Puuma" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simba-milima" title="Simba-milima – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Simba-milima" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மலைச்சிங்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலைச்சிங்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="เสือพูมา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสือพูมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Пума – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пума" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_(mushuksimonlar)" title="Puma (mushuksimonlar) – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Puma (mushuksimonlar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1o_s%C6%B0_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Báo sư tử – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Báo sư tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma" title="Puma – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Puma" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" title="Puma concolor – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Puma concolor" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E7%8B%AE" title="美洲狮 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美洲狮" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf 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Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" hreflang="en">Wikispesies</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35255" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata-item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><dl><dd>Hierdie artikel handel oor die soogdier van die familie Felidae, vir die Suid-Afrikaanse provinsiale rugbyspan, sien <a href="/wiki/Pumas" title="Pumas">Pumas</a>, en vir die genus, sien <a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma (genus)</a>.</dd></dl> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210) ; color:var(--color-base)">Poema <div style="font-size: 85%;">Tydperk: Sedert Middel-Pleistoseen</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cougar_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Cougar_25.jpg/250px-Cougar_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Cougar_25.jpg/375px-Cougar_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Cougar_25.jpg/500px-Cougar_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3685" data-file-height="2954" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">'n Poema in die dieretuin van Cincinnati </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210) ; color:var(--color-base)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Bewaringstatus" title="Bewaringstatus">Bewaringstatus</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Status_iucn3.1_LC_af.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC_af.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Status_iucn3.1_LC_af.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC_af.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Status_iucn3.1_LC_af.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC_af.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" /> <a href="/wiki/Veilige_spesie" title="Veilige spesie">Veilig</a>  (<a href="/wiki/IUBN-rooilys" title="IUBN-rooilys">IUCN 3.1</a>)<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210) ; color:var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Wetenskaplike_klassifikasie" title="Wetenskaplike klassifikasie">Wetenskaplike klassifikasie</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Koninkryk: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="koninkryk"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Filum: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="filum"><a href="/wiki/Chordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordata">Chordata</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Klas: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="klas"><a href="/wiki/Mammalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Orde: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="orde"><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Familie: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="familie"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="genus"><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spesie: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="spesie">P. concolor</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210) ; color:var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Binomiale_naam" title="Binomiale naam">Binomiale naam</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Puma concolor <div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, 1771)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210) ; color:var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Subspesie" title="Subspesie">Subspesies</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>P. c. couguar – Noord-Amerika</li> <li>P. c. costaricensis – Sentraal-Amerika</li> <li>P. c. capricornensis – oostelike Suid-Amerika</li> <li>P. c. concolor – noordelike Suid-Amerika</li> <li>P. c. cabrerae – sentrale Suid-Amerika</li> <li>P. c. puma – suidelike Suid-Amerika</li> <li>P. c. coryi – slegs suidelike Florida</li></ul> Sien ook <a href="#Subspesies">teks</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cougar_range_map_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cougar_range_map_2010.png/250px-Cougar_range_map_2010.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="373" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cougar_range_map_2010.png/375px-Cougar_range_map_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cougar_range_map_2010.png/500px-Cougar_range_map_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="1194" data-file-height="1780" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Verspreiding van die poema in die Amerikas </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210) ; color:var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sinoniem_(taksonomie)" title="Sinoniem (taksonomie)">Sinonieme</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> Felis concolor </td></tr> </tbody></table> Die poema (Puma concolor), voorheen bekend as die bergleeu, is ’n <a href="/wiki/Soogdier" title="Soogdier">soogdier</a> van die familie <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a>, wat eie is aan die <a href="/wiki/Amerikas" title="Amerikas">Amerikas</a>. Hierdie groot, enkellopende katsoort het die grootste verspreidingsgebied van alle groot wilde landsoogdiere in die Westelike Halfrond,<a href="#cite_note-diet-2">[2]</a> 'n hougebied wat vanaf <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> tot die suidelike <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andesgebergte</a> van <a href="/wiki/Suid-Amerika" title="Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a> strek. As ’n aanpasbare, wydverspreide spesie, word die poema in bykans elke groot Amerikaanse habitat aagetref. Die poema kan uitgeken word aan sy groot, katagtige voorkoms, met 'n egalige geelbruin pels en lang stert. ’n Volwasse poema se stert kan nagenoeg een meter lank word, wat sowat ’n derde tot die helfte van sy liggaamslengte beslaan. Dit is die tweede swaarste kat op die twee vastelande, naas die <a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">jaguar</a>. Ondanks die poema se bonkige voorkoms, is hy nader verwant aan die kleiner katsoorte, waaronder die huiskat, as aan enige subspesie van die leeu (en gevolglik was die benaming bergleeu nog altyd misleidend). Die poema, wat meestal teen dagbreek en sononder aktief is, is ’n doeltreffende jagter wat sy prooi óf voorlê óf bekruip en dan bespring. Hul dieet bestaan uit ’n groot verskeidenheid hoefdiere, waaronder takbokke, elke, Amerikaanse elande (moose), dikhoringskape, sowel as beeste, perde en skape, veral in die noordelike dele van die Amerikas, wat ten prooi geval kan word. Nieteenstaande hiervan maak hulle ook jag op <a href="/wiki/Insek" title="Insek">insekte-</a> en <a href="/wiki/Knaagdier" title="Knaagdier">knaagdier</a>spesies. Hierdie katsoort verkies habitatte met digte onderbos en rotsagtige gebiede om hul prooi beter te bekruip, maar is ook tuis in die oop veld. Die poema is territoriaal van aard, en word in lae bevolkingsdigthede aangetref. Territoriumgroottes hang grotendeels af van die terrein, plantegroei en die hoeveelheid prooi wat voorkom. Hoewel dit ’n groot roofdier is, is die poema nie noodwendig die dominante spesie in sy tuisgebied nie – daar moet onder andere om prooi meegeding word met ander roofdiere soos die <a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">jaguar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swartbeer" class="mw-disambig" title="Swartbeer">swartbeer</a> en <a href="/wiki/Grysbeer" title="Grysbeer">grysbeer</a>. Dit is ’n seldsame kat wat die mens gewoonlik probeer ontwyk. Aanvalle op mense kom selde voor, ondanks ’n onlangse toename.<a href="#cite_note-Med-3">[3]</a> Vanweë oormatige jag en menslike ontwikkeling wat sedert die Europese kolonisering van Amerika inbreuk op die poema se habitat gemaak het, het die bevolkingsgetalle in die meeste dele van die oorspronklike tuisgebied gekrimp. Die puma is veral aan die oostelike <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> uitgeroei, met ’n afsonderlike onderbevolking wat in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> oorleef het. Ooggetuienis beweer dat die dier besig is om na sy voormalige oostelike tuisgebied, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> en <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Noord-Michigan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> terug te keer. In Noord-Amerika is die poema inheems aan Wes-Kanada (veral <a href="/wiki/Brits-Columbi%C3%AB" title="Brits-Columbië">Brits-Columbië</a> en Yukon), <a href="/wiki/Washington_(deelstaat)" title="Washington (deelstaat)">Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> en <a href="/wiki/Noord-Carolina" title="Noord-Carolina">Noord-Carolina</a>. Oregon op sigself is die tuiste vir meer as 5 000 poemas, met die hoogste voorkoms in die Blue-gebergte in die noordoostelike gedeelte van die staat en in die suidwestelike Cascade-reeks. Hul vernaamste prooi bestaan hier uit takbokke, hoewel wasbere, elke, dikhoringskape en ander soogdiere en voëls ook as voedsel dien. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benaming_en_naamverklaring">Benaming en naamverklaring</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Benaming en naamverklaring" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Benaming en naamverklaring">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Puma_Sleeping.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Puma_Sleeping.jpg/220px-Puma_Sleeping.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Puma_Sleeping.jpg/330px-Puma_Sleeping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Puma_Sleeping.jpg/440px-Puma_Sleeping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>'n Slapende poema</figcaption></figure> Omrede die poema so wydverspreid voorkom, dra hierdie dier verskeie name, inheemse mitologiese en hedendaagse verwysings saam met hom. Cougar, puma en mountain lion word die meeste in die <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engelse taal</a> gebruik, hoewel ander name soos catamount, panther, mountain screamer en painter ook soms gebesig word. Woordeboekskrywers beskou painter as ’n merendeels hoog-suidelike <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">VSA</a> taalvariant van panther,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> hoewel die <a href="/wiki/Etimologie" title="Etimologie">volksetimologie</a> aanvoer dat die tipiese donker stertpunt ’n skilderkwas versinnebeeld. Die poema hou die Guinness Wêreldrekord vir die dier met die meeste aantal benaminge – met oor die 40 name net in Engels.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> "Cougar" kan vanaf die <a href="/wiki/Portugees" title="Portugees">Portugese</a> çuçuarana, deur <a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Frans</a>, vanaf die oorspronklike <a href="/wiki/Tup%C3%AD" title="Tupí">Tupí</a>-woord ontleen wees. Die huidige <a href="/wiki/Brasili%C3%AB" title="Brasilië">Brasiliaanse</a> vorm is suçuarana. Dit kon ook vanuit <a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD" title="Guaraní">Guaraní</a> as guaçu ara of guazu ara ontleen wees. "Puma" ken sy oorsprong deur <a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a> vanuit die <a href="/wiki/Quechua" title="Quechua">Quechua-taal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klassifikasie_en_ewolusie">Klassifikasie en ewolusie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Klassifikasie en ewolusie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Klassifikasie en ewolusie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cougar_pounce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cougar_pounce.jpg/220px-Cougar_pounce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cougar_pounce.jpg/330px-Cougar_pounce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Cougar_pounce.jpg/440px-Cougar_pounce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2641" data-file-height="2289" /></a><figcaption>Afgesien van die poema se bonkige voorkoms, is hy die naaste aan die kleiner katsoorte verwant</figcaption></figure> Die poema is die grootste spesie onder die kleiner katsoorte. Dit word onder die subfamilie Felinae ingedeel, hoewel sy bonkige trekke met dié van die groot katte uit die subfamilie Pantherinae ooreenstem.<a href="#cite_note-MSW3-13">[13]</a> Die <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a>-familie het na bewering sy oorsprong sowat 11 miljoen jaar gelede in <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a> gehad. Taksonomiese navorsing word grootliks op mitochondriese DNS-ontleding geskoei,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> omrede die katfossiele wat opgediep is maar aan die skraal kant is.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson2006-15">[15]</a> Daar is wel beduidende sekerheid rakende die tydperk waarin die oerspesies voorgekom het. In die nuutste genomiese navorsing oor die Felidae, het die algemene voorsaat van die huidige Leopardus, Lynx, Puma, Prionailurus en Felis-afstammelinge sowat 8 tot 8,5 miljoen jaar gelede na die Amerikas oor die Beringlandbrug getrek. Die afstammelinge het gevolglik in hierdie volgorde voortgespruit.<a href="#cite_note-Johnson2006-15">[15]</a> Die Noord-Amerikaanse katsoorte het van daar sowat 3 miljoen jaar gelede Suid-Amerika binnegedring, tydens die Groot Amerikaanse Verwisseling, wat met die vorming van die Isthmus van Panama opgevolg is. Die poema is oorspronklik onder die Felis-genus geklassifiseer (Felis concolor), wat dieselfde genus is waaraan die huiskat behoort. Vanaf 1993 word die poema onder Puma ingedeel, saam met die jaguarandi, ’n katsoort wat ’n klein bietjie minder as ’n tiende van die poema se massa uitmaak. Navorsing het bewys dat die poema en jaguarandi die naaste verwant is aan die moderne <a href="/wiki/Jagluiperd" title="Jagluiperd">jagluiperd</a> van <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> en Wes-Asië,<a href="#cite_note-Johnson2006-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Culver-16">[16]</a> hoewel hierdie verband onopgeklaar bly. Daar is al voorgestel dat die jagluiperd-afstammelinge uit die Puma-familie voortgespruit het in die Amerikas (sien Amerikaanse jagluiperd) en na Asië en Afrika teruggetrek het,<a href="#cite_note-Johnson2006-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Culver-16">[16]</a> terwyl ander navorsing daarop dui dat die jagluiperd se ontstaan in die Ou Wêreld self plaasgevind het.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Die uiteensetting van die Felinae-migrasie na die Amerikas bly steeds onduidelik. Nuutgevonde navorsing toon hoë genetiese verwantskap onder die Noord-Amerikaanse poemabevolkings, wat aan die hand doen dat hulle almal as onlangse nakomelinge vanuit ’n klein voorvaderlike katgroep gespruit het. Culver et al. glo dat die oorspronklike Noord-Amerikaanse Puma concolor-bevolking gedurende die Pleistoseen-uitwissing ongeveer 10 000 jaar gelede uitgesterf het, gesamentlik met ander groot soogdiere soos die Smilodon. Noord-Amerika is toe deur ’n groep Suid-Amerikaanse poemas herbevolk.<a href="#cite_note-Culver-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subspesies">Subspesies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Subspesies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Subspesies">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Puma_face.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Puma_face.jpg/220px-Puma_face.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Puma_face.jpg/330px-Puma_face.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Puma_face.jpg/440px-Puma_face.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Ondanks sy grootte is die poema nouer verwant aan kleiner katte as aan ander groot katte</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cougar_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cougar_closeup.jpg/220px-Cougar_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cougar_closeup.jpg/330px-Cougar_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cougar_closeup.jpg/440px-Cougar_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2666" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>Nabyskoot van die gesig</figcaption></figure> Tot en met die laat-1990’s is soveel as 32 subspesies opgeteken. ’n Onlangse genetiese studie van mitochondriese DNS<a href="#cite_note-Culver-16">[16]</a> het bevind dat baie van hierdie subspesies te veel ooreenstem om as ’n onderskeie subspesie op molekulêre vlak uitgesonder te word. Uit hierdie navorsing erken die kanonieke Mammal Species of the World (3de uitgawe) ses subspesies, waarvan vyf uitsluitlik in Latyns-Amerika te vinde is:<a href="#cite_note-MSW3-13">[13]</a> <ul><li>Argentynse poema (P. c. cabrerae): wat die vorige subspesies en sinonieme hudsonii en puma (Marcelli, 1922) insluit;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Ricaanse_poema" title="Costa Ricaanse poema">Costa Ricaanse poema</a>(P. c. costaricensis)</li> <li>Noord-Amerikaanse poema (P. c. couguar): wat die vorige subspesies en sinonieme arundivaga, aztecus, browni, californica, coryi, floridana, hippolestes, improcera, kaibabensis, mayensis, missoulensis, olympus, oregonensis, schorgeri, stanleyana, vancouverensis en youngi insluit;</li> <li>Noordelike Suid-Amerikaanse poema (P. c. concolor): wat die vorige subspesies en sinonieme bangsi, incarum, osgoodi, soasoaranna, sussuarana, soderstromii, sucuacuara en wavula insluit;</li> <li>Oostelike Suid-Amerikaanse poema (P. c. anthonyi): wat die vorige subspesies en sinonieme acrocodia, borbensis, capricornensis, concolor (Pelzeln, 1883), greeni en nigra insluit;</li> <li>Suidelike Suid-Amerikaanse poema (P. c. puma): wat die vorige subspesies en sinonieme araucanus, concolor (Gay, 1847), patagonica, pearsoni en puma (Trouessart, 1904) insluit.</li></ul> Wat betref die Florida panther, wat onder die Noord-Amerikaanse Poema ingedeel is, bly die status onseker. Dit word steeds gereeld onder die subspesie P. c. coryi in navorsingswerke aangetoon, wat dié met betrekking op omgewingsbewaring insluit.<a href="#cite_note-improving-18">[18]</a> Culver et al. self het ’n lae mikrosatelliet verskeidenheid in die Florida panther opgemerk, wat moontlik weens inteling toegeskryf kan word. In reaksie op hierdie navorsing het een bewaringsgroep genoem dat die mate waartoe die wetenskaplikes die resultate en voorgestelde taksonomiese verdeling van Culver et al. aanvaar, onbekend is.<a href="#cite_note-FloridaRecovery-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologie_en_gedrag">Biologie en gedrag</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Biologie en gedrag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Biologie en gedrag">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisieke_eienskappe">Fisieke eienskappe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Fisieke eienskappe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Fisieke eienskappe">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cougarskull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Cougarskull.jpg/220px-Cougarskull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Cougarskull.jpg/330px-Cougarskull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Cougarskull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption>Die poema se kopbeen en kakebeen</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" align="right" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Tandformule </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><center>Bokaak</center> </th> <th>Maler</th> <th>Voorkiestand</th> <th>Slagtand</th> <th>Snytand</th> <th>Snytand</th> <th>Slagtand</th> <th>Voorkiestand</th> <th>Maler </th></tr> <tr> <th><center>Tande</center> </th> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><center>Tande</center> </th> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><center>Onderkaak</center> </th> <th>Maler</th> <th>Voorkiestand</th> <th>Slagtand</th> <th>Snytand</th> <th>Snytand</th> <th>Slagtand</th> <th>Voorkiestand</th> <th>Maler </th></tr></tbody></table> Die poema is ’n slanke en ratse kat. Die volwassenes se skouerhoogte is sowat 60 tot 76 cm. Die volwasse poemamannetjies is gemiddeld 2,4 m lank, van neuspunt tot stertpunt, wat tussen 1,5 en 2,75 m kan afwissel.<a href="#cite_note-Texas-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-NY-21">[21]</a> Die mannetjies se liggaamsmassa is ongeveer 53 tot 90 kg, met 62 kg as die gemiddelde. Selde sal 120 kg oorskry word. Die wyfies se massa wissel tussen 29 en 64 kg, met ’n gemiddelde van 42 kg.<a href="#cite_note-CAP-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Die poema se liggaamsbou is die kleinste by die ewenaar en raak geleidelik groter soos daar na die pole beweeg word.<a href="#cite_note-diet-2">[2]</a> Die kop is rondvormig, met regop ore. Sy kragtige voorbene, nek en kake is goed aangepas om groot prooidiere vas te gryp en te klou. Vyf intrekbare kloue is op die voorpote (die een is ’n valskloutjie) en vier op die agterpote teenwoordig. Die groter voorpote en kloue word ingespan om ’n beter houvas op die prooi te kry.<a href="#cite_note-WhosWho-25">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Puma_concolor_paw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Puma_concolor_paw.jpg/220px-Puma_concolor_paw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Puma_concolor_paw.jpg/330px-Puma_concolor_paw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Puma_concolor_paw.jpg/440px-Puma_concolor_paw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Agterpoot van 'n poema</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cougar_sitting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Cougar_sitting.jpg/220px-Cougar_sitting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Cougar_sitting.jpg/330px-Cougar_sitting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Cougar_sitting.jpg/440px-Cougar_sitting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Hoewel poemas trekke van die tipiese <a href="/wiki/Kat" title="Kat">huiskat</a> het, is hulle omtrent net so groot soos ’n volwasse mens</figcaption></figure> Poemas kan amper so groot soos jaguars word, maar is minder gespierd en nie so sterk nie. Waar hierdie twee diere se tuisgebiede oorkruis, is die poema geneig om van ondergemiddelde grootte te wees. Die poema is omtrent so swaar soos die luiperd. Ten spyte van sy grootte word hy nie as ’n "groot kat" gereken nie, omrede die poema nie kan brul nie – die aangepaste strottehoof en gaapbeen van die Panthera ontbreek.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Die poema kan wel soos die huiskat lae grom-, spoeg- en spingeluide voortbring, sowel as tjirp- en fluitklanke. Sy geskree is welbekend, soos in sommige van die poema se volksname (byvoorbeeld mountain screamer) vermeld word. Tog word hierdie geskree dikwels verkeerdelik toegeskryf as die geluide/geroep van ander diere.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Die pelskleur van die poema is effekleurig (vandaar die Latynse concolor), maar kan grootliks tussen indiwidue en selfs sibbe verskil. Die pels is kenmerkend geelbruin, maar wissel tot silwergrys of rooierig, met ligter vlekke wat op die ken, keel, bors en binnekante van die ledemate voorkom. Welpies word met spikkels, blou oë en kringe op hul stertjies gebore;<a href="#cite_note-CAP-22">[22]</a> jong poemas is vaal met donker kolle wat op hul lieste agterbly.<a href="#cite_note-NY-21">[21]</a> Ongeag van die vele staaltjies wat op die teendeel toon, is daar nog geen oraloor-swart poemas (melanisme) gedokumenteer nie.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Poemas het groot pote en na verhouding die grootste agterpote in die hele katfamilie.<a href="#cite_note-CAP-22">[22]</a> Dit stel die kat in staat om ver te spring en kort afstande af te lê. ’n Buitengewone vertikale sprong van 5,4 m is al aangemeld.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Horisontale spronge, vanuit ’n staande posisie, kan na bewering tussen 6 tot 12 m ver wees. Die poema kan ’n snelheid van tussen 55 tot 72 km/h behaal,<a href="#cite_note-CanGeo-30">[30]</a> maar sy uithouvermoë perk hom tot kort, vinnige stormlope, eerder as langafstand agtervolgings, in. Dit is ’n ligvoetige klimmer, waardeur hy hom sonder moeite van sy hondagtige mededingers kan ontglip. Ewenwel die poema nie met water vereenselwig word nie, kan hy swem.<a href="#cite_note-Sierra-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jag_en_dieet">Jag en dieet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Jag en dieet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Jag en dieet">wysig bron</a>]</div> As ’n suksesvolle, opportunistiese roofdier sal die poema bykans enige dier vreet wat hy kan vang, wat van insekte tot groot hoefdiere (van oor die 500 kg) kan varieer. Soos alle katte is dit ’n karnivoor. Die Gemiddelde Gewig van Gewerwelde Prooidiere (Engels: Mean weight of vertebrate prey (MWVP)) is positief gekorreleer met die poema se gewig (r=0,875) en omgekeerd met die voedselnisruimte van regoor albei Amerikas bereken (r=-0,836). Oor die algemeen is die Gemiddelde Gewig van Gewerwelde Prooidiere minder in gebiede wat nader aan die ewenaar geleë is. Die prooidiere wat hoog op die poema se voorkeurlys is, sluit verskeie takbokspesies in, veral in Noord-Amerika, waar die muildierhert, witsterthert, elk en selfs groot Amerikaanse elande deur die kat platgetrek word. Ander diersoorte sluit dikhoringskape, die wilde perde van Arizona, mak perde en lewende hawe, soos beeste en skape, in.<a href="#cite_note-SW-32">[32]</a> ’n Navorsingsopname oor Noord-Amerika het bevind dat 68% van alle prooidiere wat gevang word, hoefdiere is; takbokke by uitstek. Slegs die Florida panther se dieet is meer gevarieerd, met die bosvark en armadil wat voorkeur geniet.<a href="#cite_note-diet-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Mountain_Lion441.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mountain_Lion441.jpg/220px-Mountain_Lion441.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mountain_Lion441.jpg/330px-Mountain_Lion441.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mountain_Lion441.jpg/440px-Mountain_Lion441.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>’n Poema besig om te eet. Poemas is roofdiere wat hul prooi voorlê en dan bespring</figcaption></figure> ’n Ondersoek wat in die Yellowstone Nasionale Park geloods is, toon dat die elk, gevolg deur die muildierhert, die poema se hoofteikens is – hierdie prooigrondslag word met die park se wolwe meegeding.<a href="#cite_note-Yellowstone-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> ’n Studie oor die wintervangste in Alberta (<a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a> – <a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a>) het bewys dat hoefdiere meer as 99% van die poema se dieet beslaan. Indiwiduele prooiherkenning, wat deur die poema aangeleer word, is al opgemerk, deurdat party poemas selde dikhoringskape sal aanval, terwyl andere ten felste op hierdie diere sal jagmaak.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In die <a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Amerika" title="Sentraal-Amerika">Sentrale</a> en <a href="/wiki/Suid-Amerika" title="Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerikaanse</a> tuisgebied van die poema begin die verhouding van antilope in die dieet afneem. Klein tot middelmatige soogdiere word eerder gevang, wat groot knaagdiere, soos die <a href="/wiki/Kapibara" title="Kapibara">kapibara</a>, insluit. Hoefdiere maak slegs 35% van alle vangste uit, wat sowat die helfte minder as in Noord-Amerika die geval is. Die rede hiervoor kan moontlik toegeskryf word aan die teenwoordigheid van die jaguar.<a href="#cite_note-diet-2">[2]</a> Ander prooisoorte sluit <a href="/wiki/Muis" title="Muis">muise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ystervark" title="Ystervark">ystervarke</a> en wildehase in. <a href="/wiki/Vo%C3%ABl" title="Voël">Voëls</a> en klein <a href="/wiki/Reptiel" title="Reptiel">reptiele</a> word partymaal in die suidelike Amerikas geëet, hoewel dit selde in Noord-Amerika al aangeteken is.<a href="#cite_note-diet-2">[2]</a> Vanweë die poema se groot tuisgebied kan nie al sy prooidiere hier gelys word nie. Hoewel die poema in staat is om blitsvinnig te hardloop, bekruip hy oor rotslyste en digte onderbos en bome, alvorens daar op die prooidier se rug gespring en ’n verstikkende nekslag toegedien word. Van die kleiner diersoorte se nekke kan gebreek word deur ’n harde byt en die momentum waarop dit op die grond neergeslinger word.<a href="#cite_note-WhosWho-25">[25]</a> Na raming word een groot hoefdier elke twee weke doodgemaak. Hierdie tydperk verminder aansienlik by wyfies met kleintjies, wat selfs driedaagliks moet jag sodra die poemawelpies amper volwassenheid teen 15 maande bereik het.<a href="#cite_note-CAP-22">[22]</a> Die kat sleep die karkas na ’n uitgesoekte plek, versteek dit onder bossies, en keer na ’n paar dae terug om onverstoord verder daaraan te vreet. Oor die algemeen word die poema nie as ’n aasdier beskou nie, omrede hy nie sommer prooi sal verorber wat hy nie self van die gras af gemaak het nie. Tog is daar al op bokkarkasse in <a href="/wiki/Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Kalifornië">Kalifornië</a> geaas, wat doelbewus om navorsingsdoeleindes agtergelaat is. Dit dig ’n meer opportunistiese gedrag aan die poema toe.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voortplanting_en_lewensiklus">Voortplanting en lewensiklus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Voortplanting en lewensiklus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Voortplanting en lewensiklus">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die poemawyfie word op 1½ tot 3-jarige ouderdom geslagsryp. Sy sal gewoonlik een werpsel elke twee tot drie jaar regdeur haar vrugbare lewensjare voortbring,<a href="#cite_note-Utah-37">[37]</a> hoewel die geboortetussenpose selfs net ’n jaar kan wees.<a href="#cite_note-CAP-22">[22]</a> Sy raak vir 8 dae oor ’n 23-dae-siklus bronstig; haar draagtyd is ongeveer 91 dae.<a href="#cite_note-CAP-22">[22]</a> Poemawyfies word soms as monogamisties beskou,<a href="#cite_note-CanGeo-30">[30]</a> dog daar is onsekerheid rakende hierdie bewering en veelwywery kan meermale voorkom.<a href="#cite_note-UWSP-38">[38]</a> Paring geskied kortliks maar herhaaldelik. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg/220px-Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg/330px-Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg/440px-Mountain_lion_kittens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="1324" /></a><figcaption>Poemawelpies</figcaption></figure> Slegs die wyfies word by ouerskap betrek. Poemawyfies is heftig beskermend oor hul kleintjies en sal hulle onverskrokke teen ander roofdiere, soos die grysbeer, verdedig. Tussen een en ses welpies word per werpsel gebore; gewoonlik twee of drie. Grotte en alkowe bied beskutting om die welpies in groot te maak. Welpies word blind gebore en is aanvanklik heeltemal van hul ma afhanklik, waarna hulle op 'n ouderdom van omtrent 3 maande gespeen word. Soos hulle groter word sal hulle hul ma op rooftogte vergesel, deur eerstens die moordtoneel te besoek en na sowat 6 maande op eie houtjie klein prooidiere te jag.<a href="#cite_note-Utah-37">[37]</a> Volgens statistiek sal slegs een welpie uit die hele werpsel oorleef.<a href="#cite_note-CAP-22">[22]</a> Jeugdiges verlaat hul moeder na so twee jaar om hul eie territoriums te gaan vestig; die poemamannetjies kies al vroeër ’n nuwe heenkome. Navorsing het bewys dat daar ’n hoër sterftekoers onder die poemas heers wat die verste van hul moederlike tuisgebied afdwaal, dikwels weens botsings met ander poemas (intraspesifieke mededinging).<a href="#cite_note-Utah-37">[37]</a> Volgens navorsing in <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Meksiko" title="Nieu-Meksiko">Nieu-Meksiko</a> is die mannetjies beduidend verder as die wyfies uitmekaar verstrooi, wat meer waarskynlik sal bydra tot nie-poema habitat wat uitgebrei word en wat moontlik die meeste verantwoordelik is vir die kern-genevloei tussen die verskillende lappies habitat.<a href="#cite_note-Dispersal-39">[39]</a> In die poema se natuurlike omgewing is die lewensverwagting tussen 8 tot 13 jaar, wat uitwerk op ’n moontlike gemiddelde van tussen 8 tot 10 jaar. ’n Poemawyfie van ten minste 18-jarige ouderdom is al deur jagters te <a href="/wiki/Vancouver-eiland" title="Vancouver-eiland">Vancouver-eiland</a> van kant gemaak.<a href="#cite_note-CAP-22">[22]</a> Poemas kan in gevangenskap tot 20 jaar oud word. Een Noord-Amerikaanse poemamannetjie, Scratch, het twee maande kort voor sy 30ste verjaarsdag in <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a> gesterf.<a href="#cite_note-Scratch-40">[40]</a> Mortaliteitsfaktore wat die poema in die natuur kan beïnvloed, sluit onder meer gebreklikheid, siektes, mededinging met ander poemas, uithongering, ongelukke, sowel as jag deur die mens in. Die katagtige immuniteitsgebrekvirus, ’n inheemse siekte soortgelyk aan <a href="/wiki/Vigs" title="Vigs">vigs</a>, kan ook ’n poema se gesondheid inkort.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sosiale_struktuur_en_tuisgebied">Sosiale struktuur en tuisgebied</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Sosiale struktuur en tuisgebied" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Sosiale struktuur en tuisgebied">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Puma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Puma.jpg/220px-Puma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Puma.jpg/330px-Puma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Puma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>Die Florida Panther</figcaption></figure> Soos die meeste ander katsoorte voer die poema ’n <a href="/wiki/Alleenloper" title="Alleenloper">alleenlopersbestaan</a>. Waar ’n groep van twee of meer poemas opgemerk word, sal dit gewoonlik ’n poemawyfie met haar welpe wees. Twee volwassenes sal deurgaans slegs gedurende paartyd saamgesien word. Dit is ’n sku skemerdier, wat die meeste om en by rooidag en skemeraand bedrywig is. Territoriumgroottes wissel grootliks in omvang. Volgens Canadian Geographic is die grondgebied van die mannetjies tussen 150 tot 1 000 km² groot, met die wyfies s’n wat omtrent die helfte hiervan is.<a href="#cite_note-CanGeo-30">[30]</a> Ander bronne vermeld ’n baie kleiner minimumoppervlak van 25 km², sowel as ’n selfs groter maksimumoppervlak van 1 300 km², vir die poemamannetjies.<a href="#cite_note-Utah-37">[37]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Black_Hills" title="Black Hills">Black Hills</a> van die noordelike <a href="/wiki/Groot_Vlaktes" title="Groot Vlaktes">Groot Vlaktes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">VSA</a>, is daar tuisgebiede nagespoor wat 775 km² oorskry.<a href="#cite_note-Dordt-42">[42]</a> Die territoriums van die mannetjies kan dié van die wyfies s’n mee oorvleuel of heeltemal omsluit, maar nie met dié van ander mannetjies nie – dit vermy sodoende konflik. Die poemawyfies se territoriums sal mekaar soms effens oorvleuel. Die wyfie lok die mannetjies en baken haar aktiwiteitsone af deur krapmerke, urineafskeiding en ontlasting. ’n Poemamannetjie kan sy gebied afmerk deur ’n hopie blare en gras bymekaar te skraap en dan daarop te urineer.<a href="#cite_note-Sierra-31">[31]</a> Territoriumgroottes hang grotendeels af van die terrein, plantegroei en die hoeveelheid prooi wat voorkom.<a href="#cite_note-Utah-37">[37]</a> Een wyfie is byvoorbeeld naby die San Andresgebergte op ’n groot tuisgebied van 215 km² gevind; weens ’n tekort aan prooi was hierdie territoriumvergroting noodsaaklik.<a href="#cite_note-Dispersal-39">[39]</a> Poemadigtheid kan vanaf 0,5 tot 7 diere (in Suid-Amerika) per 100 km² wissel.<a href="#cite_note-CAP-22">[22]</a> Omrede poemamannetjies verder as die wyfies verspreid is en meer direk om paarmaats en territoriums meeding, kan konflik onvermydelik wees. Waar ’n jong poemamannetjie, byvoorbeeld, nie daarin slaag om sy ma se tuisgebied te verlaat nie, kan hy deur sy eie pa doodgemaak word.<a href="#cite_note-Dordt-42">[42]</a> Wanneer twee mannetjies teenoor mekaar te staan kom, sal hulle vir mekaar sis- en spoeggeluide maak, wat in ’n gewelddadige bakleiery kan ontaard indien nie een kopgee nie.<a href="#cite_note-UWSP-38">[38]</a> Die jag en hervestiging van die poema, deur die mens, kan aggressiewe aanvalle laat toeneem, deurdat territoriums binnegedring word en die nuwe diere met die ouer, gevestigde individue slaags raak.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekologie">Ekologie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ekologie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verspreiding_en_habitat">Verspreiding en habitat</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Verspreiding en habitat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Verspreiding en habitat">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:06g.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/06g.jpg/220px-06g.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/06g.jpg/330px-06g.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/06g.jpg/440px-06g.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1257" /></a><figcaption>Poema by die Guaycolec Dierereservaat, Formosa, Argentinië</figcaption></figure> Die poema het die grootste tuisgebied van enige wilde landdier in die Amerikas. Hierdie sone oorspan 110 <a href="/wiki/Breedtegraad" title="Breedtegraad">breedtegrade</a> – vanaf die noordelike Yukon in Kanada tot by die suidelike Andesgebergte. Dit is een van slegs drie katsoorte, tesame met die los en rooikat, wat inheems aan Kanada is.<a href="#cite_note-WhosWho-25">[25]</a> Die poema se wye verspreiding is te oordeel aan sy aanpasbaarheid in bykans elke habitat: wat alle woude, laagland en bergagtige woestyne insluit. Die poema verkies streke met digte onderbos, maar sal heel tuis voel in die oop veld met min plantegroei.<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a> Ander voorkeurhabitat omvat steil canyons, platorandgebied, bergrandrotse en digte bosgebied.<a href="#cite_note-Sierra-31">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:MountainLion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/MountainLion.jpg/220px-MountainLion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/MountainLion.jpg/330px-MountainLion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/MountainLion.jpg/440px-MountainLion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="761" /></a><figcaption>Poema afgeneem by die Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson, Arizona, VSA</figcaption></figure> Die poema is in die eerste twee eeue ná Europese kolonisering in die oostelike Noord-Amerikaanse tuisgebied uitgeroei en verdryf. Tans is hy in die meeste westelike Amerikaanse state teenwoordig, sowel as in die Kanadese Alberta en Brits-Columbië provinsies en die Yukon Grondgebied. Daar is omstredenheid rakende ’n moontlik natuurlike herbevolking wat aan die oostelike Noord-Amerika besig is om pos te vat.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> DNS-bewys steun hierdie opvatting,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> terwyl ’n saamgestelde kaart van gerapporteerde poemabesigtigings dui op ’n gebied wat strek vanaf die midwestelike Groot Vlaktes regdeur tot die oostelike Kanada strek.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Die Quebecse natuurbewaring (plaaslik as die MRNF bekend) bedink dat die poema in hierdie provinsie ’n bedreigde spesie is, nadat vele DNS-toetse poemahare by los-paringsgebiede bevestig het.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Die enigste onbetwyfelbare poemabevolking wat in die oostelike Amerikaanse streek voorkom, is die Florida panther, wat kritiek bedreig word. Daar is poemas in Elliotsville, Maine (in die sentrale deel van die staat) opgemerk, asook in New Hampshire, waarvan waarnemings tot so onlangs as 1997 terugdateer.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In 2009 het die Michigan Departement van Natuurlike Hulpbronne bevestig dat ’n poema in Michigan se Hoër Skiereiland opgemerk is.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Jong mannetjies, wat ver buitekant die grense van die konvensionele waarskynlikheidsgebied voorkom, word gewoonlik by hierdie besigtigings betrek. Hierdie tendens kan verklaar word deurdat die mannetjie groot afstande kan aflê om ’n nuwe tuisgebied te kleim wat weg van die reedsgevestigde poemamannetjies se territoriums is; al vier bevestigde poemas wat in Iowa sedert 200 van kant gemaak is, was mannetjies.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Op 14 April 2008 het die polisie ’n poema aan die noordelie deel van Chicago, Illinois, doodgeskiet. Die DNS-resultate het ooreengestem met die poemas wat in die Black Hills van Suid-Dakota woonagtig is. ’n Ander poema is minder as ’n jaar later, 5 Maart 2009, in ’n boom afgeneem en onsuksesvol deur staatsnatuurlewebioloë verdoof naby Spooner, aan die noordwestelik deel van Wisconsin.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Aan die suide van die Rio Grande word die kat in bykans elke Sentraal- en Suid-Amerikaanse land deur die International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) gelys, behalwe in Costa Rica en Panama.<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a> Waar spesifieke staats- en provinsiale statistiek meer geredelik in Noord-Amerika beskikbaar is, ontbreek hierdie inligting in die poema se suidelike tuisgebied.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Die poema se totale bevolking word deur die IUCN op minder as 50 000, met ’n afwaartse neiging, geskat.<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a> Die Verenigde State se statistiek is dikwels meer optimisties, in die sin dat die poemabevolking, volgens die instansies, eintlik aan die herstel is. In Oregon is daar in 2006 terugvoering van ’n gesonde bevolking van 5 000 poemas gegee, wat bokant die verwagte 3 000-teikenmerk was.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Kalifornië het hul daarop toegespits om die dier te beskerm; daar word ook op ’n soortgelyke getal poemas, tussen 4 000 en 6 000 indiwidue, geraam.<a href="#cite_note-California-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekologiese_rol">Ekologiese rol</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekologiese rol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ekologiese rol">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Puma_Pfote.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Puma_Pfote.png/220px-Puma_Pfote.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Puma_Pfote.png/330px-Puma_Pfote.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Puma_Pfote.png/440px-Puma_Pfote.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Die voetspoor van die poema</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cougar_track.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cougar_track.jpg/220px-Cougar_track.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cougar_track.jpg/330px-Cougar_track.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cougar_track.jpg/440px-Cougar_track.jpg 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption>Voorpootvoetspoor van ’n poema. ’n Volwassene se voetspoor is omtrent 10 cm lank.<a href="#cite_note-GovBC-55">[55]</a></figcaption></figure> Buiten die mens is daar geen ander spesie in die natuur wat op poemas jag maak nie. Hierdie kat is nie noodwendig die hoofpredator regdeur sy gebied nie. In die noordelike tuisgebied tree die poema met ander sterk roofdiere, soos die bruinbeer en wolf, in wisselwerking. Aan die suide moet die poema met die groter jaguar meeding. In Florida word daar met die Amerikaanse alligator te doen gekry. Die <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_Nasionale_Park" title="Yellowstone Nasionale Park">Yellowstone Nasionale Park</a> bied ’n mikrokosmiese ekostelsel om die wisselwerking tussen roofdiere in Noord-Amerika te bestudeer. Uit die drie groot roofdiere kom die bruinbeer as die meeste dominant voor, selfs al is die dier nie altyd daartoe in staat om ’n trop wolwe of ’n poema van sy prooi af te weer nie. Daar is bevind dat die bruin- en swartbeer 24% van poemavangste in die Yellowstone en Glacier Nasionale Park besoek het, en 10% van die karkasse aan hulself toegeëien het.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Die wolf en poema ding meer direk met mekaar om prooi mee, veral in die winter. Hoewel ’n poema sterker en meer opgewasse teenoor ’n enkele wolf staan, sal ’n alleenlopende poema nie ’n kat se kans teen ’n trop wolwe hê nie. ’n Trop wolwe kan die karkas buit en soms die poema op die plek doodmaak, soos waar ’n groot trop van veertien wolwe al ’n poemawyfie en haar welpies van kant gemaak het. Aan die ander kant loop enkellopende wolwe ook die gevaar om deur poemas gedood te word.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Wolwe oefen ’n breedvoerige invloed op die poemabevolking se beweeglikheid en verspreiding uit, deur oor hul grondgebied en geleentheid om prooi baas te speel – wat hierdie katsoort se algehele gedrag ontwrig. In die Yellowstone Nasionale Park het voorlopige navorsing ’n verplasing van die poemas deur wolwe getoon.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Waar daar ’n trop in die omte is, sal die poema ongemaklik om sy prooi voel, sowel as om kleintjies groot te maak. Dikwels sal ’n groot poema ’n wolf doodmaak, maar met die verskyning van ’n trop wolwe sal bordjies verhang wees.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Al twee spesies is egter in staat om medium-grootte roofdiere, soos losse en prêriewolwe (coyotes) dood te maak en gevolglik hul getalle te onderdruk.<a href="#cite_note-Yellowstone-33">[33]</a> Aan die suidelike gedeelte van sy tuisgebied deel die poema en jaguar ’n oorvleuelende tuisgebied.<a href="#cite_note-HAMDIG-60">[60]</a> Waar die grondgebied oorvleuel, is die jaguar geneig om groter prooi beet te pak, terwyl die poema kleiner prooi sal vang, wat aanleiding gee tot die poema se kleiner liggaamsbou.<a href="#cite_note-diet-2">[2]</a> Van dié twee katsoorte het die poema ’n groter verskeidenheid kleiner prooisoorte om van te kies.<a href="#cite_note-foodhabits-61">[61]</a> Soos enige roofdier wat aan die bopunt van die voedselketting beweeg, beïnvloed die poema die prooibevolking. Sy jagtogte word verbind aan die verandering in die samestelling bokke wat in ’n gebied aangetref word. In Brits-Columbië het die muildierhert, ’n gunsteling onder die poemas, se getalle afgeneem, terwyl die witsterthert, wat minder gejag word, se bevolking aan die toeneem is.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Die Vancouver-eiland marmot, ’n bedreigde spesie wat inheems aan die streek met ’n digte poemabevolking is, se kwynende bevolking kan ook toegeskryf word aan poema- en wolfpredasie.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Aan die suide van Suid-Amerika is die poema 'n hoëvlakroofdier wat die guanaco-bevolking sedert die voorhistoriese tydperk beheer het. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kruisings">Kruisings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Kruisings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Kruisings">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pumapard-1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Pumapard-1904.jpg/170px-Pumapard-1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Pumapard-1904.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption>Poemaperd, 1904</figcaption></figure> 'n Poemaperd spruit uit die kruising tussen 'n poema en 'n <a href="/wiki/Luiperd" title="Luiperd">luiperd</a>. Daar is drie kruisings deur Carl Hagenbeck in die laat 1890's en vroeë 1900's by sy dierepark te <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>, geteel. Die meeste het nie wasdom bereik nie. Een van hierdie kruisings is deur die Berlynse Dieretuin in 1898 aangekoop. 'n Soortgelyke kruising in die Berlynse Dieretuin wat van Hagenbeck aangekoop is, was 'n kruising tussen 'n luiperdmannetjie en 'n poemawyfie. Die een van die Hamburgse Dieretuin, in die swart en wit foto, het 'n poema-pa en 'n Indiese luiperd-ma gehad. Oftewel 'n poemaperd uit 'n poemawyfie en luiperdmannetjie of uit 'n poemamannetjie en luiperdwyfie gebore word, word daar 'n tipe verdwerging oorgeërf. Poemaperds sal slegs tot die helfte van hul ouers se grootte groei. Dit word gekenmerk deur die lang lyf van 'n poema (in verhouding tot die ledemate, hoewel steeds kleiner as dié van die ouers) en kort bene. Die pels word omskryf as hetsy rooierig, geelbruin of grysbruin of kastaiingbruin, met vaal rosette.<a href="#cite_note-Geo-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bewaringstatus">Bewaringstatus</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Bewaringstatus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Bewaringstatus">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die Wêreld Bewaringsunie (IUCN) lys tans die poema onder die “veilige” spesies. Die poema word gereguleer onder Bylaag I van die Konvensie op Internasionale Handel van Bedreigde Wilde Dier- en Plantspesies (CITES),<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> wat die handel van hierdie dier of sy liggaamsdele as onwettig verklaar. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cougar_snow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cougar_snow.jpg/220px-Cougar_snow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Cougar_snow.jpg/330px-Cougar_snow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Cougar_snow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="222" /></a><figcaption>Die poema se voortbestaan is rondom die bewaring van sy habitat geskoei</figcaption></figure> In die Verenigde State oos van die <a href="/wiki/Mississippirivier" title="Mississippirivier">Mississippirivier</a> is die enigste onbetwisbare bekende poemabevolking dié van die Florida panther. Die Verenigde State se Vis en Wildlewe Diens erken beide die Oostelike poema en die Florida Panther, wat onder die Bedreigde Spesies Wet beskerm word.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Sekere taksonomiese owerhede het beide spesies onder die Noord-Amerikaanse poema ingedeel, met die Oostelike en Florida subspesies wat nie onafhanklik erken word nie,<a href="#cite_note-MSW3-13">[13]</a> terwyl ’n subspesie-benaming deur sommige ander bewaringswetenskaplikes erken word.<a href="#cite_note-improving-18">[18]</a> Die mees onlangse Florida panther-sensus bring die onderbevolking se getal op 87 indiwidue te staan.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Die poema word ook reg oor die res van sy tuisgebied beskerm. Vanaf 1996 is die jag op poemas verbode in <a href="/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië">Argentinië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasili%C3%AB" title="Brasilië">Brasilië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frans-Guyana" title="Frans-Guyana">Frans-Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> en <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>. (Costa Rica en Panama word nie deur die IUCN as deel van die poema se tuisgebied ingereken nie.) Die poema word nie deur die wet in <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> en <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> beskerm nie.<a href="#cite_note-CAP-22">[22]</a>Gereguleerde poemajag kom steeds algemeen in die Verenigde State en Kanada voor, hoewel hulle teen alle vorme van jag in Yokun beskerm word. Jag is toelaatbaar in elke VSA-staat, wat vanaf die <a href="/wiki/Rotsgebergte" title="Rotsgebergte">Rotsgebergte</a> tot by die <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> strek, behalwe in <a href="/wiki/Kaliforni%C3%AB" title="Kalifornië">Kalifornië</a>. <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> is die enigste staat in die Verenigde State met ’n lewensvatbare poemabevolking wat op geen wyse beskerming geniet nie. In Texas word poemas as ’n ongewenste dier gebrandmerk; enige persoon wat oor ’n jagpermit beskik kan, ongeag van die seisoen, getal, geslag of ouderdom van die dier, na beliewe handel.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Doodgemaakte diere hoef nie by die Texas Parke en Natuurlewedepartement aangemeld te word nie. Bewaring in Texas word wel uitgeoefen deur ’n nie-winsgewende organisasie, Balanced Ecology Inc (BEI), as deel van hul Texas Mountain Lion Conservation Project.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Poemas word gewoonlik met ’n trop honde gejag, totdat die dier in ’n boom vasgekeer word. Sodra die jagter op die toneel verskyn, skiet hy die poema vanaf ’n klein skootafstand uit die boom uit. Dit is teen die wet om enigsins in Kalifornië ’n poema te dood, behalwe onder baie ernstige omstandighede, soos wanneer die indiwidu as ’n gevaar vir die publiek verklaar word.<a href="#cite_note-California-54">[54]</a> Ondanks hierdie wetgewing het die Departement van Vis- en Wildlewe bevind dat poemaslagtings in Kalifornië sedert die 1970’s toegeneem het: ’n gemiddelde van oor die 112 katte is jaarliks vanaf 2000 tot 2006 doodgemaak, wat skerp met die 6 per jaar van die 1970’s verskil. Die Bay Area Puma Project poog om inligting oor die San Francisco Bay-gebied se poemabevolkings te bekom, sowel as die diere se wisselwerking met hul habitat, prooi, die mens en die woonbuurte.<a href="#cite_note-felidae1-71">[71]</a> Van die dier se grootste bedreigings sluit in: die vervolging en uitroeiing as ’n ongewenste dier, omgewingsagteruitgang, habitatversnippering en die vermindering van prooidiere. Hul vrylike, natuurlike deurloop (vrybeweeglikheid) en voldoende tuisgebied is van kernbelang om die volhoubaarheid van poemabevolkings te handhaaf. Navorsingsimulasies toon dat die poema ’n lae uitsterwingsrisiko in gebiede van 2 200 km² of meer sal loop. Sou so min as een tot vier nuwe poemas per jaar per bevolking bygevoeg word, sal die poema se voortbestaan aansienlik versterk. Die klem word dus geplaas op die belangrikheid van die vrylike beweging van die poema tussen onderskeie habitatte en streke.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verhouding_teenoor_die_mens">Verhouding teenoor die mens</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Verhouding teenoor die mens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Verhouding teenoor die mens">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mitologie">Mitologie</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Mitologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Mitologie">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die krag en grasie van die poema is deur baie van die Amerikaanse <a href="/wiki/Inheemse_volke" title="Inheemse volke">inheemse volke</a> bewonder. Die Inkastad, Cusco, is in die vorm van ’n poema uitgelê, terwyl die dier se naam ook aan baie Inkastreke en mense toegeken is. Die Moche-volk het dikwels die poema deur hul erdewerk voorgestel.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Die hemel- en dondergod van die Inka, Viracocha, is met die dier vereenselwig.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In Noord-Amerika het die mitologiese omskrywings van die poema in die stories verskyn van die Hoçak-taal ("Ho-Chunk" or "Winnebago") van Wisconsin en Illinois,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> sowel as die Cheyenne. Die Apache en Walapai, van Arizona, het die gekerm van die poema as ’n voorbode van die dood beskou.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veeslagtings">Veeslagtings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Veeslagtings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Veeslagtings">wysig bron</a>]</div> In die aanvang van Amerika se veeboerdery is poemas as net so vernietigend soos die wolf bestempel. In Texas is daar in 1990 86 kalwers (0,0006% uit ’n totaal van 13,4 miljoen beeste en kalwers in Texas), 253 angorabokke, 302 angoraboklammers, 445 skape (0,02% uit ’n totaal van 2,0 miljoen skape en skaaplammers in Texas) en 562 skaaplammers (0,04% uit 1,2 miljoen skaaplammers in Texas) deur poemas gevang.<a href="#cite_note-NASS-cattle-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASS-sheep-goats-78">[78]</a> In Nevada is daar in 1992 9 kalwers, 1 perd, 4 hingste, 5 bokke, 318 skape en 400 skaaplammers platgetrek. Die skape is in beide bogenoemde state die meeste geteiken. Soms is die verlies van tot 20 skape in een aanval aangeteken.<a href="#cite_note-Livestock-79">[79]</a> Poemas maak dikwels kalwers, skape en bokke dood deur die boonste gedeelte van die nek of kop te byt, wat grootliks verskil van die nekbyt van prêriewolwe en die woeste verminking wat deur wilde swerwerhonde toegepas word. Die grootte van die bytmerke kan ook help om die tussen die vangste van poemas en dié van kleiner roofdiere te onderskei.<a href="#cite_note-Predation-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aanvalle_op_die_mens">Aanvalle op die mens</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Aanvalle op die mens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Aanvalle op die mens">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:MountainLionAttackProtocol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/MountainLionAttackProtocol.jpg/220px-MountainLionAttackProtocol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/MountainLionAttackProtocol.jpg/330px-MountainLionAttackProtocol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/MountainLionAttackProtocol.jpg/440px-MountainLionAttackProtocol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1515" /></a><figcaption>Bergleeu-padpredikant</figcaption></figure> Soos die menslike bevolking uitbrei, sal die poematuisgebiede toenemend met mensbewoonde gebiede oorvleuel. Aanvalle op mense kom selde voor, omrede prooiherkenning ’n aangeleerde gedrag is en poemas in die reël nie die mens as prooi eien nie.<a href="#cite_note-Med-3">[3]</a> Aanvalle op mense, vee en troeteldiere kan plaasvind sodra die kat aan mense gewoond raak of wanneer uitgehongerdheid die dier voortdryf. Die aanvalle vind die meeste in die laatlente en somer plaas, wanneer jong poemas hul ma’s verlaat om nuwe grondgebied te soek.<a href="#cite_note-GovBC-55">[55]</a> Tussen 1890 en 1990 is daar in Noord-Amerika 53 bevestigde aanvalle op mense aangemeld, wat op 48 beserings en 10 mensesterftes uitgeloop het (die totaal is groter as 53 omrede die aanvalle soms uit meer as een slagoffer bestaan het).<a href="#cite_note-Beier-81">[81]</a> Teen 2004 het die getal tot 88 aanvalle en 20 sterftes gestyg.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Binne Noord-Amerika is die aanvalle oneweredig verspreid. Die digbevolkte Kalifornië het sedert 1986 op 12 aanvalle te staan gekom (ná slegs 3 voorvalle sedert 1890 tot 1985), wat 3 sterfgevalle insluit.<a href="#cite_note-California-54">[54]</a> Die ylbevolkte Nieu-Meksiko het ’n aanval in 2008 aangemeld, die eerste keer sedert 1974.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> ’n Poema sal soos enige roofdier verwoed aanval wanneer dit in ’n hoek gedryf word, indien ’n voortvlugtende mens hul jaaginstink prikkel, of wanneer ’n persoon maak asof hy dood is. Deur strak oogkontak, harde maar kalm geskreeu of enige ander aksie om groter en meer dreigend te vertoon, kan dit die poema die aftog laat blaas. Deur met stokke en rotse of selfs met die kaal vuiste terug te veg, is dikwels doeltreffend om die aanvallende poema te laat terugval.<a href="#cite_note-Med-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-GovBC-55">[55]</a> Wanneer poemas wel aanval, sal hulle gewoonlik hul kenmerkende nekbyt aanwend; met die doel om hul tande tussen die werwelbeen en binne-in die rugmurg in te druk. Nek- kop- en werwelkolombeserings is algemeen en soms noodlottig.<a href="#cite_note-Med-3">[3]</a> Kinders loop die grootste risiko om aangeval te word en sal heelwaarskynlik nie oorleef nie. Voor 1991 was 64% van alle slagoffers – en bykans alle sterfgevalle – dié van kinders. Die meeste aanvalle het in Brits-Columbië plaasgevind, veral rondom Vancouver-eiland, waar die poemabevolkings die digste is.<a href="#cite_note-Beier-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0">1,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-1">1,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-2">1,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-3">1,3</a> (en) Caso, A., Lopez-Gonzalez, C., Payan, E., Eizirik, E., de Oliveira, T., Leite-Pitman, R., Kelly, M., Valderrama, C. & Lucherini, M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/18868">Puma concolor</a>. 2008 <a href="/wiki/IUBN_Rooi_Lys" class="mw-redirect" title="IUBN Rooi Lys">IUBN Rooi Lys van bedreigde spesies</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Unie_vir_die_Bewaring_van_die_Natuur" title="Internasionale Unie vir die Bewaring van die Natuur">Internasionale Unie vir die Bewaring van die Natuur</a> 2008. Verkry op 22 Maart 2009. Database-inskrywing regverdig die aanwysing van ‘veilig’ </li> <li id="cite_note-diet-2">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-diet_2-0">2,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-diet_2-1">2,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-diet_2-2">2,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-diet_2-3">2,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-diet_2-4">2,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-diet_2-5">2,5</a> (en) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1">J. Agustin Iriarte, William L. Franklin, Warren E. Johnson, and Kent H. Redford (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423133456/http://www.springerlink.com/content/nvk62r701822qq17/">"Biogeographic variation of food habits and body size of the America puma"</a>. Oecologia. 85 (2): 185. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00319400">10.1007/BF00319400</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/nvk62r701822qq17/">die oorspronklike</a> op 23 April 2020. Besoek op 4 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oecologia&rft.atitle=Biogeographic+variation+of+food+habits+and+body+size+of+the+America+puma&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=185&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00319400&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fnvk62r701822qq17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_gebruik_authors-parameter" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Med-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Med_3-0">3,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Med_3-1">3,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Med_3-2">3,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Med_3-3">3,3</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMcKee2003" class="citation journal cs1">McKee, Denise (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524061433/http://www.wemjournal.org/wmsonline/?request=get-document&issn=1080-6032&volume=014&issue=03&page=0169">"Cougar Attacks on Humans: A Case Report"</a>. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine. Wilderness Medical Society. 14 (3): 169–73. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14518628">14518628</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wemjournal.org/wmsonline/?request=get-document&issn=1080-6032&volume=014&issue=03&page=0169">die oorspronklike</a> op 24 Mei 2020. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wilderness+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cougar+Attacks+on+Humans%3A+A+Case+Report&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=169-73&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14518628&rft.aulast=McKee&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wemjournal.org%2Fwmsonline%2F%3Frequest%3Dget-document%26issn%3D1080-6032%26volume%3D014%26issue%3D03%26page%3D0169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://twitpic.com/od2y4">http://twitpic.com/od2y4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cougarnet.org/bigpicture.html">http://www.cougarnet.org/bigpicture.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709115935/http://www.cougarnet.org/bigpicture.html">Geargiveer</a> 9 Julie 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420204702/http://www.bartleby.com/61/61/P0016100.html">"transcription of ''American Heritage Dictionary''"</a> (in Engels). Bartleby.com. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/61/61/P0016100.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 20 April 2008. Besoek op 8 Maart 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=transcription+of+%27%26%2339%3BAmerican+Heritage+Dictionary%27%26%2339%3B&rft.pub=Bartleby.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F61%2F61%2FP0016100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Guinness Book of World Records. 2004. p. 49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Book+of+World+Records&rft.pages=49&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cougar">Cougar</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=puma">Puma</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=jaguar">"Jaguar at the Online Etymology Dictionary"</a> (in Engels). Douglas Harper. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170628080622/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=jaguar">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Junie 2017. Besoek op 6 Augustus 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jaguar+at+the+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.pub=Douglas+Harper&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Djaguar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unabridged.m-w.com/cgi-bin/unabridged?va=cougar">""cougar", Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged"</a>. Merriam-Webster. 2002. Besoek op 21 Mei 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22cougar%22%2C+Webster%27s+Third+New+International+Dictionary%2C+Unabridged&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funabridged.m-w.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Funabridged%3Fva%3Dcougar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988">[dooie skakel] </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50051540?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=cougar">""cougar""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>. Oxford University Press. 1989. Besoek op 21 Mei 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=%22cougar%22&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.oed.com%2Fcgi%2Fentry%2F50051540%3Fsingle%3D1%26query_type%3Dword%26queryword%3Dcougar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSW3-13">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_13-0">13,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_13-1">13,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_13-2">13,2</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWozencraft2005" class="citation book cs1">Wozencraft, W. Christopher (16 November 2005). "Order Carnivora (pp. 532-628)". In Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (reds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3">Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference]</a> (3de uitg.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols. (2142 pp.). pp. 544–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8018-8221-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Order+Carnivora+%28pp.+532-628%29&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference%5D&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=544-45&rft.edition=3de&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press%2C+2+vols.+%282142+pp.%29&rft.date=2005-11-16&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft.aulast=Wozencraft&rft.aufirst=W.+Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bucknell.edu%2Fmsw3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWade2006" class="citation news cs1">Wade, Nicholas (6 Januarie 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/06/science/06cats.html?ex=1294203600&en=4b75c4da1cdc2167&ei=5090">"DNA Offers New Insight Concerning Cat Evolution"</a>. New York Times. Besoek op 3 Junie 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=DNA+Offers+New+Insight+Concerning+Cat+Evolution&rft.date=2006-01-06&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F01%2F06%2Fscience%2F06cats.html%3Fex%3D1294203600%26en%3D4b75c4da1cdc2167%26ei%3D5090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson2006-15">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2006_15-0">15,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2006_15-1">15,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2006_15-2">15,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2006_15-3">15,3</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Johnson, W.E., Eizirik, E., Pecon-Slattery, J., Murphy, W.J., Antunes, A., Teeling, E. & O'Brien, S.J. (6 Januarie 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/311/5757/73">"The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment"</a>. Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1122277">10.1126/science.1122277</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400146">16400146</a>. Besoek op 4 Junie 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+Late+Miocene+radiation+of+modern+Felidae%3A+A+genetic+assessment&rft.volume=311&rft.issue=5757&rft.pages=73-77&rft.date=2006-01-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1122277&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16400146&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F311%2F5757%2F73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_gebruik_authors-parameter" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Culver-16">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Culver_16-0">16,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Culver_16-1">16,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Culver_16-2">16,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Culver_16-3">16,3</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFCulver,_M.JohnsonPecon-SlatteryO'Brein2000" class="citation journal cs1">Culver, M.; Johnson, W.E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; O'Brein, S.J. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616200443/http://www.coryi.org/Florida_panther/Miscellaneous_Panther_Material/Genomic%20ancestry%20of%20the%20American%20puma.pdf">"Genomic Ancestry of the American Puma"</a> (PDF). Journal of Heredity. 91 (3): 186–97. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjhered%2F91.3.186">10.1093/jhered/91.3.186</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10833043">10833043</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coryi.org/Florida_panther/Miscellaneous_Panther_Material/Genomic%20ancestry%20of%20the%20American%20puma.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 16 Junie 2007. Besoek op 29 Mei 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Heredity&rft.atitle=Genomic+Ancestry+of+the+American+Puma&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=186-97&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjhered%2F91.3.186&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10833043&rft.au=Culver%2C+M.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+W.E.&rft.au=Pecon-Slattery%2C+J.&rft.au=O%27Brein%2C+S.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coryi.org%2FFlorida_panther%2FMiscellaneous_Panther_Material%2FGenomic%2520ancestry%2520of%2520the%2520American%2520puma.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBarnettBarnesPhillipsMartin2005" class="citation journal cs1">Barnett, Ross; Barnes, Ian; Phillips, Matthew J.; Martin, Larry D.; Harington, C. Richard; Leonard, Jennifer A.; Cooper, Alan (9 Augustus 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982205008365">"Evolution of the extinct Sabretooths and the American cheetah-like cat"</a>. Current Biology. 15 (15): R589–R590. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2005.07.052">10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.052</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16085477">16085477</a>. Besoek op 4 Junie 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+the+extinct+Sabretooths+and+the+American+cheetah-like+cat&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=R589-R590&rft.date=2005-08-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2005.07.052&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16085477&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Ian&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Matthew+J.&rft.au=Martin%2C+Larry+D.&rft.au=Harington%2C+C.+Richard&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Jennifer+A.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982205008365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-improving-18">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-improving_18-0">18,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-improving_18-1">18,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFConroyBeierQuigleyVaughan2006" class="citation journal cs1">Conroy, Michael J.; Beier, Paul; Quigley, Howard; Vaughan, Michael R. (Januarie 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wildlifejournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-pdf&file=i0022-541X-70-1-1.pdf">"Improving The Use Of Science In Conservation: Lessons From The Florida Panther"</a> (PDF). Journal of Wildlife Management. 70 (1): 1–7. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2193%2F0022-541X%282006%2970%5B1%3AITUOSI%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1:ITUOSI]2.0.CO;2</a>. Besoek op 11 Junie 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Wildlife+Management&rft.atitle=Improving+The+Use+Of+Science+In+Conservation%3A+Lessons+From+The+Florida+Panther&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-7&rft.date=2006-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2193%2F0022-541X%282006%2970%5B1%3AITUOSI%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.aulast=Conroy&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft.au=Beier%2C+Paul&rft.au=Quigley%2C+Howard&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+Michael+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wildlifejournals.org%2Fperlserv%2F%3Frequest%3Dget-pdf%26file%3Di0022-541X-70-1-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FloridaRecovery-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FloridaRecovery_19-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Florida_Panther_Recovery_Team2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">The Florida Panther Recovery Team (31 Januarie 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025124654/http://www.fws.gov/verobeach/Florida%20panther%20files/Panther%20Recovery%20Plan%202006_01_31%20-%20no%20figures.pdf">"Florida Panther Recovery Program (Draft)"</a> (PDF) (in Engels). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/verobeach/Florida%20panther%20files/Panther%20Recovery%20Plan%202006_01_31%20-%20no%20figures.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 25 Oktober 2007. Besoek op 11 Junie 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Florida+Panther+Recovery+Program+%28Draft%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Fish+and+Wildlife+Service&rft.date=2006-01-31&rft.au=The+Florida+Panther+Recovery+Team&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Fverobeach%2FFlorida%2520panther%2520files%2FPanther%2520Recovery%2520Plan%25202006_01_31%2520-%2520no%2520figures.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Texas-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Texas_20-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/species/mlion/">"Mountain Lion (Puma concolor)"</a> (in Engels). Texas Parks and Wildlife. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141121024509/https://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/species/mlion/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 21 November 2014. Besoek op 30 Maart 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mountain+Lion+%28Puma+concolor%29&rft.pub=Texas+Parks+and+Wildlife&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tpwd.state.tx.us%2Fhuntwild%2Fwild%2Fspecies%2Fmlion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY-21">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NY_21-0">21,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NY_21-1">21,1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/6974.html">"Eastern Cougar Fact Sheet"</a> (in Engels). New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191116215513/http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/6974.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 16 November 2019. Besoek op 30 Maart 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eastern+Cougar+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=New+York+State+Department+of+Environmental+Conservation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dec.ny.gov%2Fanimals%2F6974.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAP-22">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CAP_22-0">22,00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAP_22-1">22,01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAP_22-2">22,02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAP_22-3">22,03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAP_22-4">22,04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAP_22-5">22,05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAP_22-6">22,06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAP_22-7">22,07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAP_22-8">22,08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CAP_22-9">22,09</a> (en) . "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf">Wild Cats. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan.</a>" (PDF). IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Besoek op 27 Julie 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Puma_concolor.html">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Puma_concolor.html</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://pick4.pick.uga.edu/mp/20q?search=Puma+concolor">http://pick4.pick.uga.edu/mp/20q?search=Puma+concolor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625075007/http://pick4.pick.uga.edu/mp/20q?search=Puma+concolor">Geargiveer</a> 25 Junie 2017 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhosWho-25">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-WhosWho_25-0">25,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhosWho_25-1">25,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WhosWho_25-2">25,2</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070518235841/http://www.hww.ca/hww2.asp?pid=1&id=87&cid=8">"Cougar"</a>. Hinterland Who's Who. Canadian Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Federation. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hww.ca/hww2.asp?pid=1&id=87&cid=8">die oorspronklike</a> op 18 Mei 2007. Besoek op 22 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hinterland+Who%27s+Who&rft.atitle=Cougar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hww.ca%2Fhww2.asp%3Fpid%3D1%26id%3D87%26cid%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWeissengruber,_GEForstenpointnerPetersKübber-Heiss2002" class="citation journal cs1">Weissengruber, GE; Forstenpointner, G; Peters, G; Kübber-Heiss, A; Fitch, W.T. (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1570911">"Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), tiger (Panthera tigris), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and domestic cat (Felis silvestris f. catus)"</a>. Journal of Anatomy. Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 201 (201): 195–209. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1469-7580.2002.00088.x">10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00088.x</a>. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anatomy&rft.atitle=Hyoid+apparatus+and+pharynx+in+the+lion+%28Panthera+leo%29%2C+jaguar+%28Panthera+onca%29%2C+tiger+%28Panthera+tigris%29%2C+cheetah+%28Acinonyx+jubatus%29+and+domestic+cat+%28Felis+silvestris+f.+catus%29&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=201&rft.pages=195-209&rft.date=2002-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1469-7580.2002.00088.x&rft.au=Weissengruber%2C+GE&rft.au=Forstenpointner%2C+G&rft.au=Peters%2C+G&rft.au=K%C3%BCbber-Heiss%2C+A&rft.au=Fitch%2C+W.T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Fartid%3D1570911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191121071546/http://www.easterncougar.org/pages/abouteasterncougars.htm">"About Eastern Cougars"</a> (in Engels). Eastern Cougar Foundation. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easterncougar.org/pages/abouteasterncougars.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 21 November 2019. Besoek op 3 Junie 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Eastern+Cougars&rft.pub=Eastern+Cougar+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.easterncougar.org%2Fpages%2Fabouteasterncougars.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080329094428/http://www.news-tribune.net/features/cnhinsoutdoors_story_032111454.html">"Black cougar more talk than fact"</a> (in Engels). Tahlequah Daily Press. 1 Februarie 2006. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news-tribune.net/features/cnhinsoutdoors_story_032111454.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 29 Maart 2008. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007. <q><a href="/w/index.php?title=Game_Warden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Game Warden (bladsy bestaan nie)">Game Warden</a>: Never in the history of the United States has there ever been, in captivity or in the wild, a documented black mountain lion</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+cougar+more+talk+than+fact&rft.pub=Tahlequah+Daily+Press&rft.date=2006-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news-tribune.net%2Ffeatures%2Fcnhinsoutdoors_story_032111454.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-puma.html">"Mountain Lion (Puma, Cougar)"</a>. San Diego Zoo.org (in Engels). Zoological Society of San Diego. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130417193202/http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-puma.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 17 April 2013. Besoek op 2 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Zoo.org&rft.atitle=Mountain+Lion+%28Puma%2C+Cougar%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegozoo.org%2Fanimalbytes%2Ft-puma.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CanGeo-30">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CanGeo_30-0">30,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CanGeo_30-1">30,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CanGeo_30-2">30,2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160613035539/http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/mj04/indepth/justthefacts.asp">"Cougars in Canada (Just the Facts)"</a> (in Engels). Canadian Geographic Magazine. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/mj04/indepth/justthefacts.asp">die oorspronklike</a> op 13 Junie 2016. Besoek op 2 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cougars+in+Canada+%28Just+the+Facts%29&rft.pub=Canadian+Geographic+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadiangeographic.ca%2FMagazine%2Fmj04%2Findepth%2Fjustthefacts.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sierra-31">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Sierra_31-0">31,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sierra_31-1">31,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sierra_31-2">31,2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150123034652/http://arizona.sierraclub.org/conservation/mt-lion/index.asp">"Mountain Lion, Puma concolor"</a> (in Engels). Sierra Club. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arizona.sierraclub.org/conservation/mt-lion/index.asp">die oorspronklike</a> op 23 Januarie 2015. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mountain+Lion%2C+Puma+concolor&rft.pub=Sierra+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farizona.sierraclub.org%2Fconservation%2Fmt-lion%2Findex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SW-32"><a href="#cite_ref-SW_32-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1">John W. Turner, Jr. and Michael L. Morrison (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080829142140/http://wf2dnvr2.webfeat.org/">"Influence of Predation by Mountain Lions on Numbers and Survivorship of a Feral Horse Population"</a>. The Southwestern Naturalist Vol. 46, No.2 pp. 183–190. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wf2dnvr2.webfeat.org/">die oorspronklike</a> op 29 Augustus 2008. Besoek op 29 Augustus 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Influence+of+Predation+by+Mountain+Lions+on+Numbers+and+Survivorship+of+a+Feral+Horse+Population&rft.pub=The+Southwestern+Naturalist+Vol.+46%2C+No.2+pp.+183%E2%80%93190&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwf2dnvr2.webfeat.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_gebruik_authors-parameter" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Yellowstone-33">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Yellowstone_33-0">33,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yellowstone_33-1">33,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yellowstonenationalpark.com/wolves.htm">"Wildlife: Wolves"</a>. Yellowstone National Park. Besoek op 8 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wildlife%3A+Wolves&rft.pub=Yellowstone+National+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yellowstonenationalpark.com%2Fwolves.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1">Holly Akenson, James Akenson, Howard Quigley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yellowstonenationalpark.com/wolves.htm">"Winter Predation and Interactions of Wolves and Cougars on Panther Creek in Central Idaho"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winter+Predation+and+Interactions+of+Wolves+and+Cougars+on+Panther+Creek+in+Central+Idaho&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yellowstonenationalpark.com%2Fwolves.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_gebruik_authors-parameter" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter">link</a>) * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1">John K. Oakleaf, Curt Mack, Dennis L. Murray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yellowstonenationalpark.com/wolves.htm">"Winter Predation and Interactions of Cougars and Wolves in the Central Idaho Wilderness"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winter+Predation+and+Interactions+of+Cougars+and+Wolves+in+the+Central+Idaho+Wilderness&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yellowstonenationalpark.com%2Fwolves.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_gebruik_authors-parameter" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRossJalkotzyFesta-Bianchet1993" class="citation journal cs1">Ross, R.; Jalkotzy, MG.; Festa-Bianchet, M. (Mei 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=4321651">"Cougar predation on bighorn sheep in southwestern Alberta during winter"</a>. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 75 (5): 771–75. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fz97-098">10.1139/z97-098</a>. Besoek op 8 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Cougar+predation+on+bighorn+sheep+in+southwestern+Alberta+during+winter&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=771-75&rft.date=1993-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fz97-098&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Jalkotzy%2C+MG.&rft.au=Festa-Bianchet%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmd1.csa.com%2Fpartners%2Fviewrecord.php%3Frequester%3Dgs%26collection%3DENV%26recid%3D4321651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988">[dooie skakel] </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBauerKenneth_A._Logan,_Linda_L._Sweanor,_Walter_M._Boyce2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bauer, Jim W.; Kenneth A. Logan, Linda L. Sweanor, Walter M. Boyce (Desember 2005). "Scavenging behavior in Puma". The Southwestern Naturalist. 50 (4): 466–471. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1894%2F0038-4909%282005%29050%5B0466%3ASBIP%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1894/0038-4909(2005)050[0466:SBIP]2.0.CO;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southwestern+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Scavenging+behavior+in+Puma&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=466-471&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1894%2F0038-4909%282005%29050%5B0466%3ASBIP%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Jim+W.&rft.au=Kenneth+A.+Logan%2C+Linda+L.+Sweanor%2C+Walter+M.+Boyce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_meer_as_een_naam" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Utah-37">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Utah_37-0">37,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Utah_37-1">37,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Utah_37-2">37,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Utah_37-3">37,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Utah_37-4">37,4</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFCougar_Discussion_Group1999" class="citation web cs1">Cougar Discussion Group (27 Januarie 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616200443/http://www.wildlife.utah.gov/pdf/cmgtplan.pdf">"Utah Cougar Management Plan (Draft)"</a> (PDF). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wildlife.utah.gov/pdf/cmgtplan.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 16 Junie 2007. Besoek op 2 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Utah+Cougar+Management+Plan+%28Draft%29&rft.pub=Utah+Division+of+Wildlife+Resources&rft.date=1999-01-27&rft.au=Cougar+Discussion+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wildlife.utah.gov%2Fpdf%2Fcmgtplan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UWSP-38">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-UWSP_38-0">38,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UWSP_38-1">38,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_HamiltonHundtPiorkowski" class="citation journal cs1">Matthew Hamilton; Hundt, Peter; Piorkowski, Ryan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613114602/http://www.uwsp.edu/wildlife/carnivore/Mountain%20Lion%20Natural%20History_files/Mountain%20Lion%20Natural%20History_copy%281%29.htm">"Mountain Lions"</a>. University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwsp.edu/wildlife/carnivore/Mountain%20Lion%20Natural%20History_files/Mountain%20Lion%20Natural%20History_copy(1).htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 13 Junie 2007. Besoek op 10 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mountain+Lions&rft.au=Matthew+Hamilton&rft.au=Hundt%2C+Peter&rft.au=Piorkowski%2C+Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uwsp.edu%2Fwildlife%2Fcarnivore%2FMountain%2520Lion%2520Natural%2520History_files%2FMountain%2520Lion%2520Natural%2520History_copy%281%29.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#missing_periodical" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Dispersal-39">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Dispersal_39-0">39,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dispersal_39-1">39,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFSweanorLoganHornocker2000" class="citation journal cs1">Sweanor, Linda; Logan, Kenneth A.; Hornocker, Maurice G. (Junie 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99079.x">"Cougar Dispersal Patterns, Metapopulation Dynamics, and Conservation"</a> (PDF). Conservation Biology. 14 (3): 798–808. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.2000.99079.x">10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.99079.x</a>. Besoek op 2 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Cougar+Dispersal+Patterns%2C+Metapopulation+Dynamics%2C+and+Conservation&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=798-808&rft.date=2000-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.2000.99079.x&rft.aulast=Sweanor&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Logan%2C+Kenneth+A.&rft.au=Hornocker%2C+Maurice+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.org%2F10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.2000.99079.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scratch-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Scratch_40-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081119080302/http://www.bigcatrescue.org/forever/scratchcougar.htm">"Scratch"</a> (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bigcatrescue.org/forever/scratchcougar.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 19 November 2008. Besoek op 21 Augustus 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scratch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bigcatrescue.org%2Fforever%2Fscratchcougar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBiekRodrigoHolleyDrummond2003" class="citation journal cs1">Biek, Roman; Rodrigo, Allen G.; Holley, David; Drummond, Alexei; Anderson Jr., Charles R.; Ross, Howard A.; Poss, Mary (September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928062627/http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/77/17/9578">"Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Evolution of Endemic Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in a Population of Wild Cougars"</a>. Journal of Virology. 77 (17): 9578–89. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJVI.77.17.9578-9589.2003">10.1128/JVI.77.17.9578-9589.2003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC187433">187433</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12915571">12915571</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/77/17/9578">die oorspronklike</a> op 28 September 2011. Besoek op 22 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virology&rft.atitle=Epidemiology%2C+Genetic+Diversity%2C+and+Evolution+of+Endemic+Feline+Immunodeficiency+Virus+in+a+Population+of+Wild+Cougars&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=9578-89&rft.date=2003-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC187433%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12915571&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FJVI.77.17.9578-9589.2003&rft.aulast=Biek&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft.au=Rodrigo%2C+Allen+G.&rft.au=Holley%2C+David&rft.au=Drummond%2C+Alexei&rft.au=Anderson+Jr.%2C+Charles+R.&rft.au=Ross%2C+Howard+A.&rft.au=Poss%2C+Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjvi.asm.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F77%2F17%2F9578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dordt-42">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Dordt_42-0">42,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dordt_42-1">42,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMahaffy2004" class="citation web cs1">Mahaffy, James (Desember 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105917/http://homepages.dordt.edu/~mahaffy/mtlion/mtlionshort_behaviour.html">"Behavior of cougar in Iowa and the Midwest"</a>. Dordt College. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepages.dordt.edu/~mahaffy/mtlion/mtlionshort_behaviour.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 25 Mei 2017. Besoek op 11 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Behavior+of+cougar+in+Iowa+and+the+Midwest&rft.pub=Dordt+College&rft.date=2004-12&rft.aulast=Mahaffy&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepages.dordt.edu%2F~mahaffy%2Fmtlion%2Fmtlionshort_behaviour.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150927003022/http://www.sinapu.org/PDF/Front%20Range%20lion%20study.pdf">"Mountain Lion (Puma concolor) study on Boulder Open Space"</a> (PDF). Letter to the Parks and Open Space Advisory Committee, Boulder, Colorado (in Engels). Sinapu. 22 Maart 2007. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinapu.org/PDF/Front%20Range%20lion%20study.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 27 September 2015. Besoek op 11 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Letter+to+the+Parks+and+Open+Space+Advisory+Committee%2C+Boulder%2C+Colorado&rft.atitle=Mountain+Lion+%28Puma+concolor%29+study+on+Boulder+Open+Space&rft.date=2007-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinapu.org%2FPDF%2FFront%2520Range%2520lion%2520study.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMarschall2005" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marschall, Laurence A. (Maart 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/master.html?http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/0305/0305_selections.html">"Bookshelf"</a>. Natural Selections (in Engels). Natural History Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200422141853/http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/master.html?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalhistorymag.com%2F0305%2F0305_selections.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 22 April 2020. Besoek op 6 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Natural+Selections&rft.atitle=Bookshelf&rft.date=2005-03&rft.aulast=Marschall&rft.aufirst=Laurence+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalhistorymag.com%2Fmaster.html%3Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalhistorymag.com%2F0305%2F0305_selections.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBelanger2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Belanger, Joe (24 Mei 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lfpress.ca/newsstand/News/Local/2007/05/24/4205568.html">"DNA evidence of cougars found in southern Ontario"</a> (in Engels). London Free Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095945/http://lfpress.ca/newsstand/News/Local/2007/05/24/4205568.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 29 September 2007. Besoek op 5 Junie 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DNA+evidence+of+cougars+found+in+southern+Ontario&rft.pub=London+Free+Press&rft.date=2007-05-24&rft.aulast=Belanger&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flfpress.ca%2Fnewsstand%2FNews%2FLocal%2F2007%2F05%2F24%2F4205568.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBoard_of_Directors2004" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cougarnet.org/network.html">Board of Directors</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709115935/http://www.cougarnet.org/bigpicture.html">"The "Big" Picture"</a>. The Cougar Network. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cougarnet.org/bigpicture.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 9 Julie 2007. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%22Big%22+Picture&rft.pub=The+Cougar+Network&rft.date=2004&rft.au=%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.cougarnet.org%2Fnetwork.html+Board+of+Directors%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cougarnet.org%2Fbigpicture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Eksterne skakel in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#param_has_ext_link" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>) The Cougar Network methodology is recognized by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/northeast/ECougar/">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070507210014/http://www.fws.gov/northeast/ECougar/">Geargiveer</a> 7 Mei 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREF[MRNF]2010" class="citation web cs1">[MRNF] (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110203082852/http://www.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/faune/especes/menacees/faire.jsp">"Your part in helping endangered species"</a>. Quebec MRNF. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/faune/especes/menacees/faire.jsp">die oorspronklike</a> op 3 Februarie 2011. Besoek op 7 Januarie 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Your+part+in+helping+endangered+species&rft.pub=Quebec+MRNF&rft.date=2010&rft.au=%5BMRNF%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca%2Ffaune%2Fespeces%2Fmenacees%2Ffaire.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> Ministry of Wildlife and natural resources <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrnf.gouv.qc.ca/">Wildlife Service</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525110207/http://www.rick-davidson.com/PDF/Mountain%20Lion%20Sightings%20Open%20Office%20092008%20photo%20final.pdf">"NH Sightings Catamount"</a> (PDF) (in Engels). Beech River Books. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rick-davidson.com/PDF/Mountain%20Lion%20Sightings%20Open%20Office%20092008%20photo%20final.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 25 Mei 2017. Besoek op 20 Maart 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NH+Sightings+Catamount&rft.pub=Beech+River+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rick-davidson.com%2FPDF%2FMountain%2520Lion%2520Sightings%2520Open%2520Office%2520092008%2520photo%2520final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlive.com/outdoors/index.ssf/2009/11/photo_shows_cougar_presence_in.html">Skinner, Victor. 2009. Photo shows cougar presence in Michigan. The Grand Rapids Press. 15 November 2009</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323181821/http://gazetteonline.com/breaking-news/2009/12/15/cedar-rapids-man-shoots-mountain-lion-in-iowa-county">"Cedar Rapids man shoots mountain lion in Iowa County"</a>. Cedar Rapids Gazette (in Engels). 15 Desember 2009. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazetteonline.com/breaking-news/2009/12/15/cedar-rapids-man-shoots-mountain-lion-in-iowa-county">die oorspronklike</a> op 23 Maart 2010. Besoek op 16 Desember 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cedar+Rapids+Gazette&rft.atitle=Cedar+Rapids+man+shoots+mountain+lion+in+Iowa+County&rft.date=2009-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazetteonline.com%2Fbreaking-news%2F2009%2F12%2F15%2Fcedar-rapids-man-shoots-mountain-lion-in-iowa-county&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/lifestyle/stories.nsf/pets/story/5F51AA5F3CCF8DAD862575A00066E78F?OpenDocument">"Sightings show cougars expanding into central US"</a>. St.Louis Today. Besoek op 22 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sightings+show+cougars+expanding+into+central+US&rft.pub=St.Louis+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stltoday.com%2Fstltoday%2Flifestyle%2Fstories.nsf%2Fpets%2Fstory%2F5F51AA5F3CCF8DAD862575A00066E78F%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988">[dooie skakel] </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090921060411/http://www.nwf.org/cats/pdfs/cougarfacts.pdf">"Cougar facts"</a> (PDF) (in Engels). National Wildlife Federation. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nwf.org/cats/pdfs/cougarfacts.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 21 September 2009. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cougar+facts&rft.pub=National+Wildlife+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwf.org%2Fcats%2Fpdfs%2Fcougarfacts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfw.state.or.us/wildlife/cougar/">"Cougar Management Plan"</a>. Wildlife Division: Wildlife Management Plans (in Engels). Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429025136/https://www.dfw.state.or.us/wildlife/cougar/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 29 April 2020. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Division%3A+Wildlife+Management+Plans&rft.atitle=Cougar+Management+Plan&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfw.state.or.us%2Fwildlife%2Fcougar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-California-54">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-California_54-0">54,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-California_54-1">54,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-California_54-2">54,2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080705180252/http://www.dfg.ca.gov/news/issues/lion.html">"Mountain Lions in California"</a> (in Engels). California Department of Fish and Game. 2004. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfg.ca.gov/news/issues/lion.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 5 Julie 2008. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mountain+Lions+in+California&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Fish+and+Game&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfg.ca.gov%2Fnews%2Fissues%2Flion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GovBC-55">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-GovBC_55-0">55,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GovBC_55-1">55,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GovBC_55-2">55,2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429183717/http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/cougsf.htm">"Safety Guide to Cougars"</a>. Environmental Stewardship Division (in Engels). Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Environment. 1991. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/cougsf.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 29 April 2018. Besoek op 28 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Stewardship+Division&rft.atitle=Safety+Guide+to+Cougars&rft.date=1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.env.gov.bc.ca%2Fwld%2Fdocuments%2Fcougsf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> (en) COSEWIC. Canadian Wildlife Service. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-166-2002E.pdf">Assessment and Update Status Report on the Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos)</a>" (PDF). Environment Canada. Besoek op 8 April 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFGugliotta2003" class="citation web cs1">Gugliotta, Guy (19 Mei 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A2158-2003May17&notFound=true">"In Yellowstone, it's Carnivore Competition"</a>. Washington Post. Besoek op 9 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Yellowstone%2C+it%27s+Carnivore+Competition&rft.pub=Washington+Post&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.aulast=Gugliotta&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fac2%2Fwp-dyn%3Fpagename%3Darticle%26node%3D%26contentId%3DA2158-2003May17%26notFound%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988">[dooie skakel] </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071209083920/http://www.greateryellowstonescience.org/topic/wolves/wolvesoverview.html">"Overview: Gray Wolves"</a> (in Engels). Greater Yellowstone Learning Center. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greateryellowstonescience.org/topic/wolves/wolvesoverview.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 9 Desember 2007. Besoek op 9 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview%3A+Gray+Wolves&rft.pub=Greater+Yellowstone+Learning+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greateryellowstonescience.org%2Ftopic%2Fwolves%2Fwolvesoverview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFCockle2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cockle, Richard (29 Oktober 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213022857/http://www.oregonwild.org/press-room/press-clips/turf-wars-in-idaho-s-wilderness">"Turf wars in Idaho's wilderness"</a> (in Engels). The Oregonian. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonwild.org/press-room/press-clips/turf-wars-in-idaho-s-wilderness">die oorspronklike</a> op 13 Desember 2007. Besoek op 9 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turf+wars+in+Idaho%27s+wilderness&rft.pub=The+Oregonian&rft.date=2006-10-29&rft.aulast=Cockle&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonwild.org%2Fpress-room%2Fpress-clips%2Fturf-wars-in-idaho-s-wilderness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HAMDIG-60"><a href="#cite_ref-HAMDIG_60-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHamdig" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hamdig, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191118174022/http://www.ecology.info/ecology-jaguar-puma.htm">"Sympatric Jaguar and Puma"</a> (in Engels). Ecology Online Sweden. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecology.info/ecology-jaguar-puma.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 18 November 2019. Besoek op 30 Augustus 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sympatric+Jaguar+and+Puma&rft.pub=Ecology+Online+Sweden&rft.aulast=Hamdig&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecology.info%2Fecology-jaguar-puma.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-foodhabits-61"><a href="#cite_ref-foodhabits_61-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Rodrigo Nuanaez, Brian Miller, and Fred Lindzey (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=58851">"Food habits of jaguars and pumas in Jalisco, Mexico"</a>. Journal of Zoology. 252 (3): 373. Besoek op 8 Augustus 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Food+habits+of+jaguars+and+pumas+in+Jalisco%2C+Mexico&rft.volume=252&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=373&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.cambridge.org%2Faction%2FdisplayAbstract%3FfromPage%3Donline%26aid%3D58851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_gebruik_authors-parameter" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonGwilliam2002" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Hugh S.; Gwilliam, John C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?journal=cjz&volume=80&year=&issue=&msno=z02-025&calyLang=fra">"Cougar predation and population growth of sympatric mule deer and white-tailed deer"</a>. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80 (3): 556–68. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fz02-025">10.1139/z02-025</a>. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Cougar+predation+and+population+growth+of+sympatric+mule+deer+and+white-tailed+deer&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=556-68&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fz02-025&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Hugh+S.&rft.au=Gwilliam%2C+John+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca%2Frparticle%2FAbstractTemplateServlet%3Fjournal%3Dcjz%26volume%3D80%26year%3D%26issue%3D%26msno%3Dz02-025%26calyLang%3Dfra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBryantPage2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bryant, Andrew A.; Page, Rick E. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001064816/http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nrc/cjz/2005/00000083/00000005/art00006?crawler=true">"Cougar predation and population growth of sympatric mule deer and white-tailed deer"</a>. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83 (5): 674–82. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fz05-055">10.1139/z05-055</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nrc/cjz/2005/00000083/00000005/art00006?crawler=true">die oorspronklike</a> op 1 Oktober 2007. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Cougar+predation+and+population+growth+of+sympatric+mule+deer+and+white-tailed+deer&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=674-82&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fz05-055&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Andrew+A.&rft.au=Page%2C+Rick+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Fnrc%2Fcjz%2F2005%2F00000083%2F00000005%2Fart00006%3Fcrawler%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geo-64"><a href="#cite_ref-Geo_64-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206082805/http://www.geocities.com/pride_lands/Liger_Tigon.html">"Geocites – Liger & Tigon Info"</a> (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.com/pride_lands/Liger_Tigon.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 Februarie 2007. Besoek op 9 Junie 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geocites+%E2%80%93+Liger+%26+Tigon+Info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Fpride_lands%2FLiger_Tigon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml">"Appendices I, II and III"</a> (in Engels). Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005165017/http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.shtml">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 5 Oktober 2011. Besoek op 24 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appendices+I%2C+II+and+III&rft.pub=Convention+on+International+Trade+in+Endangered+Species+of+Wild+Fauna+and+Flora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cites.org%2Feng%2Fapp%2Fappendices.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070906170222/http://www.fws.gov/endangered/i/a/saa48.html">"Eastern Cougar"</a>. Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red Book) (in Engels). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1991. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/endangered/i/a/saa48.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 September 2007. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Endangered+and+Threatened+Species+of+the+Southeastern+United+States+%28The+Red+Book%29&rft.atitle=Eastern+Cougar&rft.date=1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Fendangered%2Fi%2Fa%2Fsaa48.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070909051037/http://www.fws.gov/endangered/i/a/saa05.html">"Florida Panther"</a>. Endangered and Threatened Species of the Southeastern United States (The Red Book) (in Engels). United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/endangered/i/a/saa05.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 9 September 2007. Besoek op 7 Junie 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Endangered+and+Threatened+Species+of+the+Southeastern+United+States+%28The+Red+Book%29&rft.atitle=Florida+Panther&rft.date=1993&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Fendangered%2Fi%2Fa%2Fsaa05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113071134/http://myfwc.com/panther/news/pdf/FWC2002-2003PantherGeneticRestorationAnnualReport.pdf">"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2002–2003 Panther Genetfic Restoration Annual Report"</a> (PDF) (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myfwc.com/panther/news/pdf/FWC2002-2003PantherGeneticRestorationAnnualReport.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 13 November 2018. Besoek op 5 Junie 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Florida+Fish+and+Wildlife+Conservation+Commission.+2002%E2%80%932003+Panther+Genetfic+Restoration+Annual+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyfwc.com%2Fpanther%2Fnews%2Fpdf%2FFWC2002-2003PantherGeneticRestorationAnnualReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/nuisance/mountain_lion/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141122183142/https://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/nuisance/mountain_lion/">Geargiveer</a> 22 November 2014 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://balancedecology.org/MountainLionWebSite/Mountain_Lion_Conservation_Project.html">Texas Mountain Lion Conservation Project</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-felidae1-71"><a href="#cite_ref-felidae1_71-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100211023824/http://www.felidaefund.org/research/bay_puma.html">""Bay Area Puma Project" information page, Felidae Conservation Fund, accessed 18 Februarie 2009"</a> (in Engels). Felidaefund.org. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.felidaefund.org/research/bay_puma.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 11 Februarie 2010. Besoek op 8 Maart 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Bay+Area+Puma+Project%22+information+page%2C+Felidae+Conservation+Fund%2C+accessed+18+Februarie+2009&rft.pub=Felidaefund.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.felidaefund.org%2Fresearch%2Fbay_puma.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBeier1993" class="citation journal cs1">Beier, Paul (Maart 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0888-8892%28199303%297%3A1%3C94%3ADMHAAH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage">"Determining Minimum Habitat Areas and Habitat Corridors for Cougars"</a>. Conservation Biology. 7 (1): 94–108. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.1993.07010094.x">10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07010094.x</a>. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Determining+Minimum+Habitat+Areas+and+Habitat+Corridors+for+Cougars&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=94-108&rft.date=1993-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.1993.07010094.x&rft.aulast=Beier&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinks.jstor.org%2Fsici%3Fsici%3D0888-8892%2528199303%25297%253A1%253C94%253ADMHAAH%253E2.0.CO%253B2-I%26size%3DLARGE%26origin%3DJSTOR-enlargePage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> (en) Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. The Spirit of Ancient Peru: Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thames_and_Hudson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thames and Hudson (bladsy bestaan nie)">Thames and Hudson</a>, 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKulmar_TarmoRealo_(translator)" class="citation journal cs1">Kulmar Tarmo; Realo (translator), Kait. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://folklore.ee/folklore/vol12/inca.htm">"On the role of Creation and Origin Myths in the Development of Inca State and Religion"</a>. Electronic Journal of Folklore. Estonian Folklore Institute. Besoek op 22 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Journal+of+Folklore&rft.atitle=On+the+role+of+Creation+and+Origin+Myths+in+the+Development+of+Inca+State+and+Religion&rft.au=Kulmar+Tarmo&rft.au=Realo+%28translator%29%2C+Kait&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffolklore.ee%2Ffolklore%2Fvol12%2Finca.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|last2=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#generic_name" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hotcakencyclopedia.com/ho.Cougars.html"> Cougars,</a> The Encyclopedia of Hočąk (Winnebago) Mythology. Retrieved: 2009/12/08. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage/nwrc/publications/living/cougar.pdf">"Living with Wildlife: Cougars"</a> (PDF) (in Engels). USDA Wildlife Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113071132/http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage/nwrc/publications/living/cougar.pdf">Geargiveer</a> (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 13 November 2018. Besoek op 11 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Living+with+Wildlife%3A+Cougars&rft.pub=USDA+Wildlife+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aphis.usda.gov%2Fwildlife_damage%2Fnwrc%2Fpublications%2Fliving%2Fcougar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASS-cattle-77"><a href="#cite_ref-NASS-cattle_77-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/nass/Catt//1990s/1990/Catt-07-27-1990.pdf">"Cattle report 1990"</a> (PDF) (in Engels). National Agricultural Statistics Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113071146/http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/nass/Catt//1990s/1990/Catt-07-27-1990.pdf">Geargiveer</a> (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 13 November 2018. Besoek op 11 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cattle+report+1990&rft.pub=National+Agricultural+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusda.mannlib.cornell.edu%2Fusda%2Fnass%2FCatt%2F%2F1990s%2F1990%2FCatt-07-27-1990.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASS-sheep-goats-78"><a href="#cite_ref-NASS-sheep-goats_78-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/nass/SheeGoat//1990s/1990/SheeGoat-02-02-1990.pdf">"Sheep and Goats report 1990"</a> (PDF) (in Engels). National Agricultural Statistics Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113071205/http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/nass/SheeGoat//1990s/1990/SheeGoat-02-02-1990.pdf">Geargiveer</a> (PDF) vanaf die oorspronklike op 13 November 2018. Besoek op 11 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sheep+and+Goats+report+1990&rft.pub=National+Agricultural+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusda.mannlib.cornell.edu%2Fusda%2Fnass%2FSheeGoat%2F%2F1990s%2F1990%2FSheeGoat-02-02-1990.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Livestock-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Livestock_79-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119183808/http://www.aws.vcn.com/mountain_lion_fact_sheet.html">"Mountain Lion Fact Sheet"</a>. Abundant Wildlife Society of North America. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aws.vcn.com/mountain_lion_fact_sheet.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 19 Januarie 2016. Besoek op 10 Julie 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mountain+Lion+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=Abundant+Wildlife+Society+of+North+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aws.vcn.com%2Fmountain_lion_fact_sheet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Predation-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Predation_80-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100622112146/http://texnat.tamu.edu/RANCHREF/predator/cougars/t-cougar.htm">"Cougar Predation – Description"</a>. Procedures for Evaluating Predation on Livestock and Wildlife. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texnat.tamu.edu/ranchref/predator//cougars/t-cougar.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 22 Junie 2010. Besoek op 3 Augustus 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cougar+Predation+%E2%80%93+Description&rft.pub=Procedures+for+Evaluating+Predation+on+Livestock+and+Wildlife&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftexnat.tamu.edu%2Franchref%2Fpredator%2F%2Fcougars%2Ft-cougar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beier-81">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Beier_81-0">81,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beier_81-1">81,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBeier1991" class="citation web cs1">Beier, Paul (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622033418/http://users.frii.com/mytymyk/lions/beier.htm">"Cougar attacks on humans in United States and Canada"</a>. Wildlife Society Bulletin. Northern Arizon University. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.frii.com/mytymyk/lions/beier.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 22 Junie 2012. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Society+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Cougar+attacks+on+humans+in+United+States+and+Canada&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Beier&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.frii.com%2Fmytymyk%2Flions%2Fbeier.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213211233/http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/mtn_lion_attacks.shtml">"Confirmed mountain lion attacks in the United States and Canada 1890 — Present"</a> (in Engels). Arizona Game and Fish. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/mtn_lion_attacks.shtml">die oorspronklike</a> op 13 Desember 2017. Besoek op 20 Mei 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Confirmed+mountain+lion+attacks+in+the+United+States+and+Canada+1890+%E2%80%94+Present&rft.pub=Arizona+Game+and+Fish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azgfd.gov%2Fw_c%2Fmtn_lion_attacks.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/press_releases/documents/2008/062308pinosaltoslion.html">Search continues for mountain lion that killed Pinos Altos man</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620141342/http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/press_releases/documents/2008/062308pinosaltoslion.html">Geargiveer</a> 20 Junie 2012 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, press release 23 Junie 2008] </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/press_releases/documents/2008/062508pinosaltoslion.html">Wounded mountain lion captured, killed near Pinos Altos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620114802/http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/press_releases/documents/2008/062508pinosaltoslion.html">Geargiveer</a> 20 Junie 2012 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, press release 25 Junie 2008] </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> (en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/press_releases/documents/2008/070108pinosaltoslion2.html">Second mountain lion captured near Pinos Altos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140506235406/http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/press_releases/documents/2008/062308pinosaltoslion.html">Geargiveer</a> 6 Mei 2014 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, press release 1 Julie 2008] </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verdere_leeswerk">Verdere leeswerk</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Verdere leeswerk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Verdere leeswerk">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div style="font-size:90%; -moz-column-count:30em; -webkit-column-count:30em; column-count:30em;margin-left:1.5em;"> <ul><li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBaron2004" class="citation book cs1">Baron, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=8WRnVkgi0z4C&lpg=PP1">The Beast in the Garden: A Modern Parable of Man and Nature</a>. New York: W. W. Norton and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-393-05807-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-393-05807-7"><bdi>0-393-05807-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beast+in+the+Garden%3A+A+Modern+Parable+of+Man+and+Nature&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+and+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-393-05807-7&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8WRnVkgi0z4C%26lpg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBolgiano2001" class="citation book cs1">Bolgiano, Chris (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/mountain.htm">Mountain Lion:An Unnatural History of Pumas and People</a> (Paperback uitg.). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mechanicsburg,_PA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mechanicsburg, PA (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mechanicsburg, PA</a>: Stackpole Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-8117-2867-6" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-8117-2867-6"><bdi>0-8117-2867-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mountain+Lion%3AAn+Unnatural+History+of+Pumas+and+People&rft.place=Mechanicsburg%2C+PA&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=Stackpole+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8117-2867-6&rft.aulast=Bolgiano&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fstyle%2Flongterm%2Fbooks%2Fchap1%2Fmountain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFEberhart2002" class="citation book cs1">Eberhart, George M. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009112327/http://www.ebook3000.com/animals/Mysterious-Creatures--A-Guide-to-Cryptozoology_64383.html">Mysterious Creatures: A Guide to Cryptozoology</a>. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 153–161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-57607-283-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-57607-283-5"><bdi>1-57607-283-5</bdi></a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebook3000.com/animals/Mysterious-Creatures--A-Guide-to-Cryptozoology_64383.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 9 Oktober 2019. Besoek op 17 Mei 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mysterious+Creatures%3A+A+Guide+to+Cryptozoology&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=153-161&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-57607-283-5&rft.aulast=Eberhart&rft.aufirst=George+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebook3000.com%2Fanimals%2FMysterious-Creatures--A-Guide-to-Cryptozoology_64383.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHamm,_Neil2007" class="citation journal cs1">Hamm, Neil (November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110217001613/http://outsideonline.com/outside/culture/200711/survival-stories-11.html">"Survival Stories: Mauled by a Cougar"</a>. Outside magazine. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://outsideonline.com/outside/culture/200711/survival-stories-11.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 17 Februarie 2011. Besoek op 12 Junie 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Outside+magazine&rft.atitle=Survival+Stories%3A+Mauled+by+a+Cougar&rft.date=2007-11&rft.au=Hamm%2C+Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foutsideonline.com%2Foutside%2Fculture%2F200711%2Fsurvival-stories-11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHornockerNegriLindzey2010" class="citation book cs1">Hornocker, Maurice; Negri, Sharon; Lindzey, Fred, reds. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZSDUxT3fSYEC&lpg=PP1">Cougar: Ecology and Conservation</a> (Hardcover uitg.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-226-35344-9" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-226-35344-9"><bdi>978-0-226-35344-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cougar%3A+Ecology+and+Conservation&rft.place=Chicago&rft.edition=Hardcover&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-226-35344-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZSDUxT3fSYEC%26lpg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKobalenko2005" class="citation book cs1">Kobalenko, Jerry (2005). Forest Cats of North America. Hove: Firefly Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-55209-172-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-55209-172-4"><bdi>1-55209-172-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forest+Cats+of+North+America&rft.place=Hove&rft.pub=Firefly+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-55209-172-4&rft.aulast=Kobalenko&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLester2001" class="citation journal cs1">Lester, Todd (Oktober 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927060504/http://www.strangeark.com/nabr/NABR7.pdf">"Search for Cougars in the East North America"</a> (PDF). North American BioFortean Review. Zoological Miscellania website. 3 (7): 15–17. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strangeark.com/nabr/NABR7.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 27 September 2011. Besoek op 17 Mei 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+American+BioFortean+Review.&rft.atitle=Search+for+Cougars+in+the+East+North+America&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=15-17&rft.date=2001-10&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strangeark.com%2Fnabr%2FNABR7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLoganSweanor2001" class="citation book cs1">Logan, Ken; Sweanor, Linda (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?id=04joHfHvpsEC&lpg=PP1&dq=Desert%20Puma%3A%20Evolutionary%20Ecology%20and%20Conservation%20of%20an%20Enduring%20Carnivore&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true">Desert Puma: Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation of an Enduring Carnivore</a>. Island Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-55963-866-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-55963-866-4"><bdi>1-55963-866-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Desert+Puma%3A+Evolutionary+Ecology+and+Conservation+of+an+Enduring+Carnivore&rft.pub=Island+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-55963-866-4&rft.aulast=Logan&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.au=Sweanor%2C+Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D04joHfHvpsEC%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3DDesert%2520Puma%253A%2520Evolutionary%2520Ecology%2520and%2520Conservation%2520of%2520an%2520Enduring%2520Carnivore%26pg%3DPP1%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120421113929/http://www.mountainlion.org/publications.asp">"Publications"</a>. Mountain Lion Foundation. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountainlion.org/publications.asp">die oorspronklike</a> op 21 April 2012. Besoek op 17 Mei 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publications&rft.pub=Mountain+Lion+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountainlion.org%2Fpublications.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFParker1994" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Gerry (1994). The Eastern Panther – Mystery Cat of the Appalachians (Softcover uitg.). Nimbus Publishing (CN). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-55109-268-9" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-55109-268-9"><bdi>1-55109-268-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eastern+Panther+%E2%80%93+Mystery+Cat+of+the+Appalachians&rft.edition=Softcover&rft.pub=Nimbus+Publishing+%28CN%29&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-55109-268-9&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWright1972" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Bruce S (1972). The Eastern Panther: A Question of Survival. Toronto: Clark, Irwin, and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eastern+Panther%3A+A+Question+of+Survival&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Clark%2C+Irwin%2C+and+Company&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Bruce+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120704152047/http://www.easterncougar.org/pages/bibliography.html">"Annotated Bibliography"</a>. easterncougar.org – Cougar Rewilding Foundation. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easterncougar.org/pages/bibliography.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 Julie 2012. Besoek op 17 Mei 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annotated+Bibliography&rft.pub=easterncougar.org+%E2%80%93+Cougar+Rewilding+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.easterncougar.org%2Fpages%2Fbibliography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APoema" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poema&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels">wysig bron</a>]</div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Sien <a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/poema" class="extiw" title="wikt:poema">poema</a> in Wiktionary, die vrye woordeboek.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> het meer media in die kategorie <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Puma_concolor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Puma concolor">Poema</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies logo"><img alt="Wikispecies logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/12px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/18px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> het meer inligting verwant aan <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Puma_concolor" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Puma concolor">Poema</a></li></ul> <table class="toccolours" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; font-size: 85%; clear:both; margin: 0em 0em -0.5em; padding: .5em 1em; vertical-align: middle;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik vanuit die <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cougar" class="extiw" title="en:Cougar">Engelse Wikipedia</a> vertaal. </td> <td width="20"><div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info">   </a></div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Crystal_txt.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon."><img alt="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/20px-Crystal_txt.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/30px-Crystal_txt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/40px-Crystal_txt.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="display:none; right:10px;" class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="featured-star"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbladartikel" title="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 'n voorbladartikel. 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Klik gerus hier vir meer inligting." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/23px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35255&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4176359-2">4176359-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85109054">sh85109054</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10645545">10645545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569240">00569240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph451649&CON_LNG=ENG">ph451649</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taksondatabasisse" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Taksondatabasisse" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Taksonidentifiseerders" title="Hulp:Taksonidentifiseerders">Taksondatabasisse</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wd</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35255" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q35255">Q35255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Puma_concolor/">Puma_concolor</a></li> <li>BioLib: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1995">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/311910">311910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=51265">51265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2435099">2435099</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/42007">42007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=552479">552479</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/18868">18868</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mammal_Species_of_the_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mammal Species of the World (bladsy bestaan nie)">MSW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14000204">14000204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9696">9696</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CITES" class="mw-redirect" title="CITES">Species+</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/6330">6330</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poema&oldid=2660776">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poema&oldid=2660776</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:IUBN_Rooilys_veilige_spesies" title="Kategorie:IUBN Rooilys veilige spesies">IUBN Rooilys veilige spesies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Katagtiges" title="Kategorie:Katagtiges">Katagtiges</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Bladsye_met_dubbele_sjabloonparameters" title="Kategorie:Bladsye met dubbele sjabloonparameters">Bladsye met dubbele sjabloonparameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_gebruik_authors-parameter" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter">AS1-onderhoud: gebruik authors-parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-bronne_in_Engels_(en)" title="Kategorie:AS1-bronne in Engels (en)">AS1-bronne in Engels (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_meer_as_een_naam" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam">AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam</a></li><li><a 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