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<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Frans rootpage-Frans skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown 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data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a 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vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Frans" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Frans" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Frans" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Frans" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Taalgeskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taalgeskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Taalgeskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taalgeskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Taalgeskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taalgeskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Keltiese_invloede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keltiese_invloede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Keltiese invloede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keltiese_invloede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankiese_invloede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankiese_invloede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Frankiese invloede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankiese_invloede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oudfrans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oudfrans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Oudfrans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oudfrans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middelfrans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middelfrans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Middelfrans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middelfrans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nieufrans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nieufrans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Nieufrans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nieufrans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taalregisters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taalregisters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taalregisters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taalregisters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_Loi_Toubon_(Toubon-wet)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Loi_Toubon_(Toubon-wet)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Die Loi Toubon (Toubon-wet)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Loi_Toubon_(Toubon-wet)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frans_in_Kanada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frans_in_Kanada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Frans in Kanada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frans_in_Kanada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frans_in_Suid-Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frans_in_Suid-Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Frans in Suid-Afrika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Frans_in_Suid-Afrika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Frans in Suid-Afrika subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Frans_in_Suid-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hugenote_aan_die_Kaap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hugenote_aan_die_Kaap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Hugenote aan die Kaap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hugenote_aan_die_Kaap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderne_Franssprekende_gemeenskappe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderne_Franssprekende_gemeenskappe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Moderne Franssprekende gemeenskappe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderne_Franssprekende_gemeenskappe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fransmedium-onderwys_en_biblioteke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fransmedium-onderwys_en_biblioteke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Fransmedium-onderwys en biblioteke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fransmedium-onderwys_en_biblioteke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gebrek_aan_moderne_woordeboeke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebrek_aan_moderne_woordeboeke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Gebrek aan moderne woordeboeke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebrek_aan_moderne_woordeboeke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oui,_je_parle_Rugby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oui,_je_parle_Rugby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Oui, je parle Rugby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oui,_je_parle_Rugby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vergelyking_met_ander_Romaanse_tale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vergelyking_met_ander_Romaanse_tale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vergelyking met ander Romaanse tale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vergelyking_met_ander_Romaanse_tale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frans</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 269 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-269" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">269 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Афранцыз бызшәа – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Афранцыз бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Peurancih" title="Bahsa Peurancih – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Peurancih" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Францыбзэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Францыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ፈረንሳይኛ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈረንሳይኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%C3%A9s" title="Idioma francés – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frencisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Frencisc sprǣc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Frencisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेंच भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फ्रेंच भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الفرنسية – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الفرنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لفرانساوية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لفرانساوية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89" title="فرنساوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرنساوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%C3%A9s" title="Idioma francés – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Паранс мацӀ – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Паранс мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francava" title="Francava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Francava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़्रांसिसी भाषा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फ़्रांसिसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phransiya_aru" title="Phransiya aru – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Phransiya aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_dili" title="Fransız dili – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransız dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="فرانسه دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسه دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Француз теле – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Француз теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franzesische_Sproch" title="Franzesische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Franzesische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzu_kalba" title="Prancūzu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Prancūzu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Perancis" title="Hata Perancis – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Pranses" title="Tataramon na Pranses – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Pranses" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Французская мова – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Французская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Француская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Француская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френски език – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Френски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रांसीसी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रांसीसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Parancis" title="Basa Parancis – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Parancis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransekan" title="Faransekan – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Faransekan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ফরাসি ভাষা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফরাসি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་སྐད། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleg" title="Galleg – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Galleg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francuski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Perancis" title="Saro Perancis – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Француз хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Француз хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A8s" title="Francès – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Francès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Huák-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Французийн мотт – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Французийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinanses" title="Prinanses – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Prinanses" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B8%E1%8F%A5_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎦᎸᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – Cherokees" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎸᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toh%C3%A1ano%27%C3%A9ve%27ho%27etse" title="Toháano'éve'ho'etse – Cheyennees" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Toháano'éve'ho'etse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyennees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زمانی فەڕەنسی – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی فەڕەنسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archives/%E1%90%B1%E1%94%A5%E1%91%8E%E1%91%AF%E1%94%AE%E1%90%A4_%E1%90%8A%E1%94%A8%E1%92%A7%E1%90%8E%E1%93%90" title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᐱᔥᑎᑯᔮᐤ ᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ – Cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᐱᔥᑎᑯᔮᐤ ᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenk_tili" title="Frenk tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Frenk tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francouz%C5%A1tina" title="Francouzština – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francouzština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%ABsczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Francësczi jãzëk – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Francësczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Франкїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Kerkslawies" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Франкїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslawies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Франс чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffrangeg" title="Ffrangeg – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffrangeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk_(sprog)" title="Fransk (sprog) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fransk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zki" title="Fransızki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fransızki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francojska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Francojska rěc – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Francojska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Perancis" title="Boros Perancis – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Perancis" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8" title="ފަރަންސޭސި – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަރަންސޭސި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransegbe" title="Fransegbe – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Fransegbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Γαλλική γλώσσα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Francés" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="French language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_lingvo" title="Franca lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franca lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%C3%A9s" title="Idioma francés – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsuse_keel" title="Prantsuse keel – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsuse keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantses" title="Frantses – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantses" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_francesa" title="Lengua francesa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua francesa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C" title="زبان فرانسوی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان فرانسوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransinkoore" title="Faransinkoore – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Faransinkoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_kieli" title="Ranskan kieli – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsus%C3%B5_kiil" title="Prantsusõ kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Prantsusõ kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Franskt mál – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Franskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flansegbe" title="Flansegbe – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Flansegbe" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Français" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%AAs" title="Francês – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Francês" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%B6%C3%B6sk_spriak" title="Fransöösk spriak – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fransöösk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_francese" title="Lenghe francese – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe francese" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A2nsk" title="Frânsk – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frânsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhraincis" title="An Fhraincis – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Fhraincis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C8%9Buz_dili" title="Franțuz dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Franțuz dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="法語 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="法語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A9" title="Fransé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fransé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraingis" title="Fraingis – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fraingis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francesa" title="Lingua francesa – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua francesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="فرانسوي زوؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فرانسوي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C3%A3sia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Hyãsiañe'ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hyãsiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – Goties" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Goties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCranseenaiki" title="Püranseenaiki – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Püranseenaiki" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frangish" title="Frangish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Frangish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransanci" title="Faransanci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Faransanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-ng%C3%AE" title="Fap-ngî – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Palani" title="ʻŌlelo Palani – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Palani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="צרפתית – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צרפתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़्रान्सीसी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रान्सीसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_bhasa" title="French bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="French bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Francošćina – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Francošćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_franse" title="Lang franse – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang franse" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_nyelv" title="Francia nyelv – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ֆրանսերեն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Ֆրանսերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանսերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Peranchis" title="Jaku Peranchis – Ibanees" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Peranchis" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Ibanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesi" title="Francesi – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Francesi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_French" title="Asụsụ French – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ French" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Pranses" title="Pagsasao a Pranses – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Pranses" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Фаьренгий мотт – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Фаьренгий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Franca linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska" title="Franska – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Franska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%90%83%E1%92%8D%E1%90%83%E1%95%90%E1%92%A5%E1%90%85%E1%96%85" title="ᐅᐃᒍᐃᕐᒥᐅᖅ – Inoektitoet" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᐃᒍᐃᕐᒥᐅᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inoektitoet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="フランス語 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/French" title="French – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="French" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/fasybau" title="fasybau – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="fasybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფრანგული ენა – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრანგული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuz_tili" title="Francuz tili – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Francuz tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafrensist" title="Tafrensist – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafrensist" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Фрэнджыбзэ – Kabardiaans" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Фрэнджыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C9%A9%C9%A9_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%CC%B1ransa_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Fi̱ransa (a̱lyem) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fi̱ransa (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifalanse" title="Kifalanse – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kifalanse" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Француз тілі – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Француз тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ភាសាបារាំង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាបារាំង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="프랑스어 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Франсуз кыв – Komi-Permyaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Франсуз кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Француз тил – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Француз тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرانسیٖسی زَبان – Kasjmirs" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فرانسیٖسی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmirs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_frans%C3%AE" title="Zimanê fransî – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê fransî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Франсуз кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Франсуз кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frynkek" title="Frynkek – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Frynkek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Француз тили – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Француз тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Francogallica" title="Lingua Francogallica – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Francogallica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franseza" title="Lingua franseza – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua franseza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A9isch" title="Franséisch – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Franséisch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Француз чӀал – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Француз чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franses_(lingua)" title="Franses (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Franses (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_fran%C3%A7%C3%A9ise" title="Lengua françéise – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua françéise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_franz%C3%ABus" title="Lingaz franzëus – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz franzëus" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_francesa" title="Lengua francesa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua francesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falans%C3%A9" title="Falansé – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Falansé" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ພາສາຝຣັ່ງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາຝຣັ່ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABz%C5%B3_kalba" title="Prancūzų kalba – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%86c%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Praņcīšu volūda – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Praņcīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C4%8Du_valoda" title="Franču valoda – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Franču valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кранциянь кяль – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кранциянь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_frantsay" title="Fiteny frantsay – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny frantsay" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Француз йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Француз йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_W%C4%ABw%C4%AB" title="Reo Wīwī – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Wīwī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Француски јазик – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Француски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഭാഷ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Франц хэл – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франц хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%86_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ꯭ꯆ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ꯭ꯆ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेंच भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रेंच भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Fran%C4%8Bi%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Franċiża – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Franċiża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပြင်သစ်ဘာသာစကား – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြင်သစ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Французонь кель – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Французонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C" title="فرانسوی – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانسوی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_franzese" title="Lengua franzese – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua franzese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6%C3%B6sche_Spraak" title="Franzöösche Spraak – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Franzöösche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेञ्च भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रेञ्च भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransum" title="Fransum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fransum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunceis" title="Fraunceis – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Fraunceis" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1%C3%A1ghahii_bizaad" title="Dáághahii bizaad – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dáághahii bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Francés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsien_kieli" title="Frantsien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Frantsien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Францаг æвзаг – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Францаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Salitan Français – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Français" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Pranses" title="Amanung Pranses – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Pranses" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances" title="Frances – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Frances" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frins%C3%A9" title="Frinsé – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Frinsé" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/French" title="French – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="French" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_francuski" title="Język francuski – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język francuski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_frans%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga fransèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga fransèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="فرانسیسی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانسیسی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="فرانسوي ژبه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانسوي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa" title="Língua francesa – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua francesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransis_simi" title="Ransis simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ransis simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franzosa" title="Lingua franzosa – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua franzosa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba franceză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_frangese" title="Lènga frangese – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga frangese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Французский язык – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Французский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Французькый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Французькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igifaransa" title="Igifaransa – Rwandees" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igifaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Rwandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेञ्चभाषा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फ्रेञ्चभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Француз тыла – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Француз тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%AA_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_frantzesa" title="Limba frantzesa – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba frantzesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francisa" title="Lingua francisa – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua francisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_leid" title="French leid – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="French leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="فرانسيسي ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرانسيسي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1nskkagiella" title="Fránskkagiella – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Fránskkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tafransist" title="Tutlayt Tafransist – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tafransist" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ප්‍රංශ භාෂාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රංශ භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="French language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%BAz%C5%A1tina" title="Francúzština – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Francoščina – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francoščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Farani" title="Faʻa Farani – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Farani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskakiel%C3%A2" title="Ranskakielâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ranskakielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chifurenji" title="Chifurenji – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chifurenji" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Faransiis" title="Af-Faransiis – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Faransiis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_fr%C3%ABnge" title="Gjuha frënge – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha frënge" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Француски језик – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADFulentji" title="SíFulentji – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíFulentji" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – Suid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Suid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frants%C3%B6%C3%B6ske_Sproake" title="Frantsööske Sproake – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Frantsööske Sproake" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska" title="Franska – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Franska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifaransa" title="Kifaransa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kifaransa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francusk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Francuskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Francuskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="பிரான்சிய மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="ఫ్రెంచి భాష – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రెంచి భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-frans%C3%A9s" title="Lia-fransés – Tetoem" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-fransés" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetoem" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Забони фаронсавӣ – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони фаронсавӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ภาษาฝรั่งเศส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransuz_dili" title="Fransuz dili – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fransuz dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Pranses" title="Wikang Pranses – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Pranses" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyr%C9%99ngi_zyvon" title="Fyrəngi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fyrəngi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_fakafalanis%C4%93" title="Lea fakafalanisē – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lea fakafalanisē" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Frens" title="Tok Frens – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Frens" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zca" title="Fransızca – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransızca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Hwako" title="Kari Hwako – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Hwako" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Француз теле – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Француз теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_far%C4%81ni" title="Reo farāni – Tahities" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo farāni" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahities" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Француз дыл – Tuvinees" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Француз дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Француз кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Француз кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%87%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ڧرانسۇز تىلى – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ڧرانسۇز تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Французька мова – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Французька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرانسیسی زبان – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسیسی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransuz_tili" title="Fransuz tili – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransuz tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_franseze" title="Łéngua franseze – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua franseze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francijan_kel%27" title="Francijan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Francijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Tiếng Pháp – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Fransänapük – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fransänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Francès (lingaedje) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Francès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frinanses" title="Frinanses – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Frinanses" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-faraas" title="Wu-faraas – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wu-faraas" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" title="法文 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Пранцсин келн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пранцсин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulwimi_lwasiFrentshi" title="Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფრანგული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრანგული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A9" title="פראנצויזיש – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנצויזיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Farans%C3%A9" title="Èdè Faransé – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Faransé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Fazgoz" title="Vah Fazgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Fazgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9A%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9A%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="法語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="法語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-g%C3%AD" title="Hoat-gí – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" title="法文 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiFulentshi" title="IsiFulentshi – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiFulentshi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q150#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Frans" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frans"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frans"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Frans" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Frans" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&oldid=2702820" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Frans&id=2702820&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrans"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrans"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Frans"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Frans&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:French_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1004" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q150" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Hierdie artikel handel oor die taal. Vir die etniese groep, sien <a href="/wiki/Franse" title="Franse">Franse</a>.</i></dd></dl> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em; margin-top:0.75em; background:#f4f4f4; text-align:left; font-size:90%;" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:120%; color: black; background-color: #ACE1AF;">Frans <br /><i>français</i>  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Uitspraak: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><span title="Uitspraak volgens die IFA" class="IPA">[fʁɑ̃sɛ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Gepraat in: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Switserland">Switserland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> (Aosta-vallei), <a href="/wiki/Kanaaleilande" title="Kanaaleilande">Kanaaleilande</a>, groot dele van <a href="/wiki/Noord-Afrika" title="Noord-Afrika">Noord</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Wes-Afrika" title="Wes-Afrika">Wes</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Afrika" title="Sentraal-Afrika">Sentraal-Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oseani%C3%AB" title="Oseanië">Oseanië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karibiese_See" title="Karibiese See">Karibiese Seegebied</a>, dele van <a href="/wiki/Suidoos-Asi%C3%AB" title="Suidoos-Asië">Suidoos-Asië</a>, eilandgroepe in die <a href="/wiki/Indiese_Oseaan" title="Indiese Oseaan">Indiese Oseaan</a>. Sien <i>Amptelike status</i>.  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="top; padding-left: 0.5em;">Gebied: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Wêreldwyd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Totale sprekers: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">115 miljoen (moedertaal)<br />185 (tweede taal)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Rang: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">11 (moedertaal), 5 (totaal) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie">Taalfamilie</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_tale" title="Indo-Europese tale">Indo-Europees</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Romaanse_tale" title="Romaanse tale">Romaans</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">  </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wes-Romaanse_tale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wes-Romaanse tale (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wes-Romaans</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">   </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galloiberies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galloiberies (bladsy bestaan nie)">Galloiberies</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">    </span><a href="/wiki/Galloromaans" title="Galloromaans">Galloromaans</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">     </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallorhaeties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallorhaeties (bladsy bestaan nie)">Gallorhaeties</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">      </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_d%27oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues d'oil (bladsy bestaan nie)">Oïl</a><br /><span style="font-size:66%;">       </span><b>Frans</b>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Skrifstelsel: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Latynse_alfabet" title="Latynse alfabet">Latyns</a> (Franse alfabet)  </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: #ACE1AF;">Amptelike status </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Amptelike taal in: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the United Nations"><img alt="Flag of the United Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nasies" title="Verenigde Nasies">Verenigde Nasies</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vlag_van_die_AU.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/d/dc/Vlag_van_die_AU.png/23px-Vlag_van_die_AU.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/d/dc/Vlag_van_die_AU.png/35px-Vlag_van_die_AU.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/d/dc/Vlag_van_die_AU.png/46px-Vlag_van_die_AU.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Afrika-unie" title="Afrika-unie">Afrika-unie</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Europe"><img alt="Flag of Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_NATO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/23px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/35px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/46px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/NAVO" title="NAVO">NAVO</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:NAFTA_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/NAFTA_logo.svg/23px-NAFTA_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/NAFTA_logo.svg/35px-NAFTA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/NAFTA_logo.svg/46px-NAFTA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/NAFTA" title="NAFTA">NAFTA</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Belgium.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van België"><img alt="Vlag van België" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Benin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Benin"><img alt="Vlag van Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/22px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/33px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/44px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Burkina Faso"><img alt="Vlag van Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/33px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/44px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Burundi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Burundi"><img alt="Vlag van Burundi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Comore-eilande"><img alt="Vlag van Comore-eilande" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Comore-eilande" title="Comore-eilande">Comore-eilande</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Djiboeti"><img alt="Vlag van Djiboeti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/22px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/33px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/44px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Djiboeti" title="Djiboeti">Djiboeti</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Ekwatoriaal-Guinee"><img alt="Vlag van Ekwatoriaal-Guinee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ekwatoriaal-Guinee" title="Ekwatoriaal-Guinee">Ekwatoriaal-Guinee</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankryk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Gabon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Gaboen"><img alt="Vlag van Gaboen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gaboen" title="Gaboen">Gaboen</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Guinee"><img alt="Vlag van Guinee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Guinee" title="Guinee">Guinee</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Haiti.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Haïti"><img alt="Vlag van Haïti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/22px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/33px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/44px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%AFti" title="Haïti">Haïti</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Ivoorkus"><img alt="Vlag van Ivoorkus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/22px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/33px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/44px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivoorkus" title="Ivoorkus">Ivoorkus</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Cameroon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kameroen"><img alt="Vlag van Kameroen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kameroen" title="Kameroen">Kameroen</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kanada"><img alt="Vlag van Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Demokratiese_Republiek_die_Kongo" title="Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo">Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Flag of the Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republiek_die_Kongo" title="Republiek die Kongo">Kongo</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Luxemburg"><img alt="Vlag van Luxemburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/22px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/33px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/44px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Madagascar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Madagaskar"><img alt="Vlag van Madagaskar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Mali.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Mali"><img alt="Vlag van Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Monaco.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Monaco"><img alt="Vlag van Monaco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Niger.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Niger"><img alt="Vlag van Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/22px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/33px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/44px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Rwanda"><img alt="Vlag van Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/33px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/44px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Senegal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Senegal"><img alt="Vlag van Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Sentraal-Afrikaanse Republiek"><img alt="Vlag van Sentraal-Afrikaanse Republiek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Afrikaanse_Republiek" title="Sentraal-Afrikaanse Republiek">Sentraal-Afrikaanse Republiek</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Seychelles.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Seychelles"><img alt="Flag of Seychelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/22px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/33px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/44px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Seychelle" title="Seychelle">Seychelle</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Switzerland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Switserland"><img alt="Vlag van Switserland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Switserland">Switserland</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Togo_(3-2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Togo"><img alt="Vlag van Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Chad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Tsjad"><img alt="Vlag van Tsjad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad">Tsjad</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Vanuatu"><img alt="Vlag van Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Guernsey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Guernsey"><img alt="Vlag van Guernsey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Jersey"><img alt="Vlag van Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Louisiana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7040" data-file-height="4556" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/46px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aosta-vallei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aosta-vallei (bladsy bestaan nie)">Aosta-vallei</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Gereguleer deur: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française">Académie française</a> (Franse Akademie) in <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankryk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a><br />Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France, Service de la langue française in <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Belgium.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van België"><img alt="Vlag van België" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a><br />Office québécois de la langue française in <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Canada_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Kanada"><img alt="Vlag van Kanada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a><br />les Conseils supérieurs de la langue française de France, de Belgique et du Québec (internasionaal) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: #ACE1AF;">Taalkodes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code>fr</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code>fre/fra</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=fra">fra</a></code>  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/250px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/375px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg/500px-Countries_where_French_is_an_official_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Die Franssprekende wêreld <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#0c5eb1;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Moedertaal</p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#0080ff;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Ampstaal</p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#9fceff;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Sekondêre of nie-amptelike taal</p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#00ff00;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Minderheidstaal</p> </figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="boilerplate metadata" style="line-height:10pt; padding:0.5em;"><small><b>Nota</b>: Hierdie bladsy kan IFA fonetiese simbole in Unicode bevat. </small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Die <b>Franse taal</b> (<i>le français</i> [lə fʁɑ̃sɛ] <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Fr-le_fran%C3%A7ais-fr-ouest.ogg" class="internal" title="Fr-le français-fr-ouest.ogg">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Fr-le_fran%C3%A7ais-fr-ouest.ogg" title="Lêer:Fr-le français-fr-ouest.ogg">inligting</a>)</small></span></span> of <i>la langue française</i> [la lɑ̃ɡ fʁɑ̃sɛz]) behoort tot die <a href="/wiki/Romaanse_tale" title="Romaanse tale">Romaanse groep</a> binne die <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_tale" title="Indo-Europese tale">Indo-Europese taalfamilie</a>. Van al die Romaanse tale het dit ten opsigte van sy struktuur en uitspraak die sterkste wegbeweeg van die oorspronklike <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a>. </p><p>Frans is naas <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a> die enigste <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldtaal" title="Wêreldtaal">wêreldtaal</a> wat op vyf vastelande gepraat word, en dit is die amptelike taal of verkeerstaal van meer as die helfte van die Afrikalande. Dit is ook een van die belangrikste tale van die internasionale en diplomatieke verkeer, 'n beduidende onderwystaal en die <a href="/wiki/Taal" title="Taal">taal</a> van internasionale organisasies soos die UPU (<a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldposunie" title="Wêreldposunie">Wêreldposunie</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taalgeskiedenis">Taalgeskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Taalgeskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Taalgeskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keltiese_invloede">Keltiese invloede</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Keltiese invloede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Keltiese invloede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Droysens_Hist_Handatlas_S16_Gallien_CAESAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Droysens_Hist_Handatlas_S16_Gallien_CAESAR.png/220px-Droysens_Hist_Handatlas_S16_Gallien_CAESAR.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Droysens_Hist_Handatlas_S16_Gallien_CAESAR.png/330px-Droysens_Hist_Handatlas_S16_Gallien_CAESAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Droysens_Hist_Handatlas_S16_Gallien_CAESAR.png/440px-Droysens_Hist_Handatlas_S16_Gallien_CAESAR.png 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="772" /></a><figcaption>Romeinse provinsies en stamgroepe van die Galliese gebied in die laat 1ste eeu v.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die oorspronklike <a href="/wiki/Gallies" title="Gallies">Gallies</a> ('n <a href="/wiki/Kelties" title="Kelties">Keltiese taal</a>) is na die Romeinse verowering van <a href="/wiki/Galli%C3%AB" title="Gallië">Gallië</a> oor 'n tydperk van vyf eeue deur die Latynse taal verdring, waarby die stedelike gebiede, die administrasie, die Romeinse garnisoene en die skoolstelsel die voortou geneem het. In teenstelling met hierdie instellings het die plattelandse gebiede die Keltiese taal nog tot in die 5de eeu n.C. bewaar. Net 'n klompie woorde (soos <i>petit</i> "klein", <i>lieue</i> "myl" en <i>brasser</i> "brou") en plekname (met byvoorbeeld die agtersetsel <i>-ac</i> soos in <i>Cognac</i>) het tot vandag van die Galliese taal oorgebly. </p><p>Die feit dat die Kelte nie die desimale stelsel met die getal tien as basis gebruik het nie, maar die getal twintig, leef voort in die Franse woord <i>quatre-vingts</i> ("tagtig", eintlik "vier (keer)-twintig", naas die uit die Latynse taal oorgeërfde woord <i>octante</i>, wat in Kanada, België en Switserland gebruiklik is, of <i>huitante</i>, 'n Belgiese en Switserse term). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frankiese_invloede">Frankiese invloede</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Frankiese invloede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Frankiese invloede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Met die Germaanse invalle van die <a href="/wiki/Wes-Gote" title="Wes-Gote">Wes-Gote</a> in Akwitanië, die Boergondiërs in die ooste en veral die <a href="/wiki/Franke" title="Franke">Franke</a> in die noorde van die huidige Frankryk het die verval van die Galloromeinse kulturele lewe begin. Alhoewel die Germane die verromanisering van die land veral danksy die magsposisie van die Katolieke kerk, wat as bewaarder van die antieke Grieks-Latynse kultuur opgetree het, nie meer kon keer nie, het hulle tog 'n groot invloed by die vorming van die Gallies-Franse variant van die Vulgêrlatynse taal uitgeoefen, wat later aan die Franse taal sy besondere karakter binne die Romaanse taalfamilie gegee het. </p><p>Die Franke het oorspronklik uit die gebied van die Nederryn en <a href="/wiki/Weser" title="Weser">Weser</a> (in die huidige Duitsland) gekom en in die tydperk van die volksverhuising verder wes- en suidwaarts getrek. Die huidige Frankiese taalgebied sluit die gewes Franken in Noord-Beiere en Noord-Württemberg, Suid-Thuringe, <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>, Noord-Baden, <a href="/wiki/Rynland-Palts" title="Rynland-Palts">Rynland-Palts</a>, die noordelike <a href="/wiki/Elsas" title="Elsas">Elsas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotaringe" title="Lotaringe">Lotaringe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a>, die Rynland, die Duitstalige gebiede van Oos-België, die Nederryn-gebied, <a href="/wiki/Limburg" class="mw-disambig" title="Limburg">Limburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brabant" title="Brabant">Brabant</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vlaandere" title="Vlaandere">Vlaandere</a> in. Omtrent 500 was <a href="/wiki/Keulen" title="Keulen">Keulen</a> die sentrum van die Frankiese gebied. </p><p>Vanaf die agste eeu het destydse geskiedkundiges 'n onderskeiding tussen die Saliese Franke (in die gebied van die huidige België en Nederland; die naam is afgelei van Oudfrankies <i>sal(a)</i> "heerskappy" of <i>Sala</i> "die rivier IJssel") en die <a href="/wiki/Ripuariese_Franke" title="Ripuariese Franke">Ripuariese Franke</a> van die huidige Duitse Rynland gemaak. Die Saliese Franke het nouer bande met die Romeine gehandhaaf en was die leiers by die uitbreiding van die Frankiese magsgebied in die vierde en vyfde eeu. </p><p>Teen die jaar 500 het hulle die Loire-rivier in die huidige Frankryk bereik. Die Franke was die eerste Germaanse volk wat 'n nasionale en taalbewussyn ontwikkel het. In Duitsland het die Middel-, Ryn-, Suidryn- en Oos-Frankiese gebiede drie eeue later belangrike sentra van die Oudhoogduitse skryftaal geword. </p><p>Die Frankiese koning <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a> het in 496 die Katolieke geloof aangeneem en sodoende die steun van die geestelikheid vir sy heerskappy verseker. Dit was veral die klerus en die Romaanstalige stede wat by die Frankiese veroweraars die gebruik van die Latyns-Romaanse taal bevorder het. </p><p>In wat tot die Franse taalgebied sou ontwikkel, is die Frankiese bevolking – 'n klein minderheid – uiteindelik geleidelik verromaniseer, maar hierdie proses was baie stadig. Die noorde van Frankryk het eeue lank tweetalig gebly; tekste van Isidor van Sevilla is in die 9de eeu in Neustrië (die gebied tussen die Engelse kanaal, die <a href="/wiki/Bretagne" title="Bretagne">Bretagne</a> en die Loire) nog steeds in Oudhoogduits vertaal. Ook ná die tyd van Karel die Grote tot by die splitsing van die ryk in 843 het die immigrasie van Franke voortgeduur. Die aantreklikheid en superioriteit van die Romaanse kultuur, die Latynse ampstaal van die Merowingiese Ryk en die oormag van die Romaanstaliges was die vernaamste redes vir die feit dat die <a href="/wiki/Frankies" title="Frankies">Frankiese</a> <a href="/wiki/Dialek" title="Dialek">dialekte</a> in Frankryk binne 'n tydperk van sowat driehonderd jaar uitgesterf het. Omtrent 800 was die meeste Frankiese krygers die Germaanse taal nie meer magtig nie, tog het jong Frankiese edellui uit die Wes-Frankiese Ryk in die 9de eeu dikwels 'n tyd lank in die Oostelike (Duitse) Ryk gebly om die Frankiese taal aan te leer. </p><p>Baie min tekste van die geskrewe Oudhoogduitse taal uit die Karolingiese Ryk is bewaar, onder meer twee sogenaamde geselsboekies uit Parys en <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a> wat voorbeelde gee van die Oudhoogduits-Frankiese taal: <i>Wer pist du? Wanna quimis? Fona weliheru lantskeffi sindos?</i> (Nieuhoogduits: <i>Wer bist du? Woher kommst du? Aus welcher Gegend reist du an?</i>) In die tydperk tussen 850 en 1000 het ook die Romaans-Germaanse taalgrens in die noorde verstewig, waar vanaf die 9de eeu die Nederfrankiese en uiteindelik Nederlandse dialekgebied ontstaan het. </p><p>Talle van die morfologiese en sintaktiese veranderings wat die Galloromaanse taal ondergaan het, is deur die invloed van die Frankiese taal veroorsaak. Die Oudfranse klanke het meer ooreenkomste met dié van Germaanse tale getoon as met die <a href="/wiki/Vulg%C3%AArlatyn" title="Vulgêrlatyn">Vulgêrlatynse</a> taal. </p><p>Die Frankiese ontlenings in die Oudfranse taal het natuurlik talle aspekte van die Frankiese kultuur weerspieël; dit was veral woorde uit die krygskuns soos <i>beffroi</i> (van Frankies *<i>bergfrid</i> "wagtoring"), regswese en politiek (Frans <i>fief</i> "leen" van Frankies *<i>fehu</i> "vee, fortuin"; Middellatyn <i>feudum</i>), hofhouding (Oudfrans <i>maréchal</i> "perdekneg" van Frankies *<i>marahskalk</i>), huisbou en huisraad (Frans <i>malle</i> "reiskoffer" van Frankies *<i>malha</i>), werktuie en gereedskap, natuurlewe (<i>jardin</i> "tuin" van Frankies *<i>gard</i>), landbou, klerasie (Frans <i>gant</i> "handskoen" van Frankies <i>want</i>), liggaamsdele en ander gebiede. Ook 'n aantal voor- en agtervoegsels is van Frankiese herkoms, soos <i>mé-</i> "mis-" in byvoorbeeld <i>méconnaître</i> en <i>mépriser</i>, -<i>ard</i> en -<i>art</i> uit Frankies <i>-hart</i> en <i>-hard</i>. Die agtervoegsel <i>-ard</i> is in die Nieufranse taal nog steeds produktief en kom voor in woordvormings soos <i>vieillard</i> "grysaard, ou man", <i>canard</i> "eend", <i>campagnard</i> "plattelander" en <i>dreyfusard</i> (histories) "aanhanger van Dreyfus". </p><p>Die omgangstaal in die suide van Frankryk is nie deur hierdie veranderings beïnvloed nie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oudfrans">Oudfrans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Oudfrans" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Oudfrans"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die Oud-Franse (<i>vieux français</i>) taal het geleidelik uit die Vulgêrlatynse omgangstaal van Gallië (<i>lingua rustica romana</i>) ontstaan; die oudste Franstalige dokument van 842 is die <a href="/wiki/Straatsburg" title="Straatsburg">Straatsburgse</a> Ede (Latyn: <i>Sacramenta Argentariae</i>) wat deur <a href="/wiki/Lodewyk_die_Duitser" title="Lodewyk die Duitser">Lodewyk die Duitser</a> en <a href="/wiki/Karel_die_Kale" class="mw-redirect" title="Karel die Kale">Karel die Kale</a> tydens die stryd teen hulle broer Lotharius afgelê is. Karel het die <a href="/wiki/Germaanse_tale" title="Germaanse tale">Germaanse</a> (Oudhoogduitse), Lodewyk die <a href="/wiki/Romaans" class="mw-disambig" title="Romaans">Romaanse</a> (Oudfranse) taal gebruik. Die skrywer van die eed wat gewoonlik net Latynse tekste moes handhaaf het gesukkel met die opskryf van die destydse spreektaal, en daar is soms twee spellings vir woorde soos "fradre" (wat ook as "fradra" voorkom). Lodewyk se woorde in Oudfrans: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sacramenta_Argentariae_(pars_brevis).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sacramenta_Argentariae_%28pars_brevis%29.jpg/220px-Sacramenta_Argentariae_%28pars_brevis%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Sacramenta_Argentariae_%28pars_brevis%29.jpg/330px-Sacramenta_Argentariae_%28pars_brevis%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Sacramenta_Argentariae_%28pars_brevis%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>'n Uittreksel uit die Straatburgse Ede (<i>Sacramenta Argentariae</i>) van 842</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Pro Deo amur et pro christian poblo et nostro commun salvament, dist di in avant, in quant Deus savir et podir me dunat, si salvaraeio cist meon fradre Karlo, et in adiudha et in cadhuna cosa, si cum om per dreit son fradra salvar dist, in o quid il mi altresi fazet; et ab Ludher nul plaid numquam prindrai, qui meon vol cist meon fradre Karle in damno sit.</i> </p><p>Die bostaande teks in die Oudfranse taal van die 11de eeu: <i>Por dieu amor et por del cretsiien poeple et nostre commun salvement, de cest jorn en avant, quan que Dieus saveir et podeir me donet, si salverai jo cest mine fredre Charlon, et en aiude, et en chascune chose, si come on par dreit son fredre salver deit, en ço que il me altresi façet, et a Lodher nul plait onques ne prendrai, qui mien vueil cest mien fredre Charlon en dam seit.</i> </p><p>Die huidige Franse vertaling: <i>Pour l'amour de Dieu et pour le peuple chrétien et notre commun salut, de ce jour en avant, en tant que Dieu savoir et pouvoir me donne, si défendrai-je mon frère Charles (et lui serai) en aide et en chaque chose, ainsi qu'un homme par droiture son frère doit défendre en chose que lui également ferait, et avec Lothaire aucun accord jamais ne prendrai qui de mon vouloir, à ce mien frère Charles à dommage soit.</i> </p><p>Met die Verdrag van <a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a> (843) het die skeiding van die Wes-Frankiese (<i>Francia occidentalis</i>, hiervan is ook die moderne naam <i>France</i> "<a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a>" afgelei) en die Oos-Frankiese Ryk (<i>Francia orientalis</i>), wat later as <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> bekend sou staan, begin. </p><p>Die Oudfranse taal (<i>langue d'oïl</i>; vergelyk <a href="/wiki/Oksitaans" title="Oksitaans">Oksitaans</a>, die <i>langue d'oc</i>) wat tussen 850 en 1350 in Noord-Frankryk gepraat is, het eintlik uit 'n handvol dialekte soos <a href="/wiki/Normandies" title="Normandies">Normandies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pikardies" title="Pikardies">Pikardies</a>, Sjampanjies, Fransies en Lotaringies bestaan wat almal ook as skryftale gedien het. Langsamerhand het die streektaal van die <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> rondom <a href="/wiki/Parys" title="Parys">Parys</a>, die Fransiese dialek, omtrent 1200 die standaardtaal van digters en ander skrywers geword. </p><p>Die Oudfranse klankstelsel het sterk van moderne Frans verskil; terwyl die huidige Franse net oor 16 kinkers beskik, was daar in die Oudfranse taal nog nege vokale, vyf nasale, twaalf diftonge, vyf nasaaldiftonge en drie triftonge. Die letter <i>c</i> is voor die medeklinkers e en i nog met 'n <a href="/wiki/Affrikaat" title="Affrikaat">affrikaat</a> /ts/ uitgespreek, en die <i>g</i> in <i>estrange</i> het nog soos die <i>g</i> in Engels <i>gentleman</i> geklink. Desgelyks het die uitspraak van die "j" en "ch" ook eers later versag. Die Middelengelse taal het hierdie Oudfranse klanke uit die <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Normandies" title="Anglo-Normandies">Anglo-Normandiese</a> dialek oorgeneem wat na die verowering van <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> eeue lank as ampstaal gepraat is; Engelse woorde soos <i>judge</i> en <i>change</i> het die ou j- en g-klanke bewaar, terwyl die moderne Frans <i>juge</i> en <i>changer</i> met 'n sagte "j" en "ch" laat begin. </p><p>Aan die einde van die 12de eeu het ook die "s" verdwyn in gevalle waar dit deur 'n medeklinker opgevolg is: <i>feste</i> het geleidelik <i>fête</i> geword (die <i>accent circonflexe</i>, of kappie, dui aan dat die "s" verdwyn en die uitspraak van die "e" verander het). Ook in hierdie geval het die Engelse taal die ou klanke bewaar: <i>fête</i> – <i>feast</i>, <i>bête</i> – <i>beast</i>, <i>tempête</i> – <i>tempest</i>, <i>hôtel</i> – <i>hostel</i> (die Franse <i>hôtel</i> is later nog eens as <i>hotel</i> oorgeneem). </p><p>Die woordvolgorde was – veral in die digkuns – nog taamlik vry soos in die Latynse oorsprongstaal, terwyl die ses Latynse naamvalle verdwyn het. Die Oudfranse taal het die subjeks- en objeksnaamval (rektus en obliquus) geken en maskulina en feminina by selfstandige naamwoorde en byvoeglike naamwoorde onderskei. Aangesien die kenmerkende uitgange van die werkwoorde persoons- en getalverskille aangedui het, is nog geen persoonlike voornaamwoorde benodig nie. Die <a href="/wiki/Dubbele_ontkenning" title="Dubbele ontkenning">dubbele ontkenning</a> met <i>ne... pas</i> het nog nie in die Oudfranse taal bestaan nie, die konstruksie met <i>ne...</i> was voldoende. Ook die tye is gewoonlik sonder vaste reëls gebruik. </p><p>Die 12de eeu is deur 'n sterk belangstelling vir die Latynse taal gekenmerk. Dit was veral lede van die klerus wat die werke van klassieke outeurs gekopieer het, en Latyn het die akademiese lewe aan die Universiteit van Parys oorheers wat teen die begin van die 13de eeu opgerig is. Latyn het die taal van die hoër onderwys, die regswetenskap, die kerk, die wysgerige en wetenskaplike letterkunde gebly. Net die geskiedskrywers en digters het die Oudfranse taal bo Latyn verkies. Die digkuns het sy inspirasie in die ou klassieke mites gevind wat as Christelike en hoofse verwerkings nuwe aandag getrek het, die Kelties-Bretonse Artussage (<i><a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re_de_Bretagne" title="Matière de Bretagne">Matière de Bretagne</a></i>), die literêre opbloei van die <a href="/wiki/Oksitaans" title="Oksitaans">Oksitaanstalige</a> Suid-Frankryk waarvandaan talle leenwoorde soos <i>amour</i> gekom het, en met die kruistogte ook die Oosterse luukse van die <a href="/wiki/Bisantynse_Ryk" title="Bisantynse Ryk">Bisantynse Ryk</a>. Vir die hoofse romans is 'n verfynde taal ontwikkel wat met die uitbreiding van hierdie genre van Oudfrans die leidende literêre taal van <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> gemaak het. </p> <dl><dd><i><b>Guiot de Dijon: Chanterai por mon corage</b></i> (geskryf tydens die Derde <a href="/wiki/Kruistog" title="Kruistog">Kruistog</a> van 1189)</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Chanterai por mon corage</dd> <dd>Que je vueil reconforter,</dd> <dd>Qu'avecques mon grant domage</dd> <dd>Ne quier morir ne foler,</dd> <dd>Quant de la terre sauvage</dd> <dd>Ne voi mes nul retorner</dd> <dd>Ou cil est qui rassoage</dd> <dd>Mes maus quant g'en oi parler.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Dex, quant crïeront "Outree",</dd> <dd>Sire, aidiés au pelerin</dd> <dd>Par cui sui espaventee,</dd> <dd>Car felon sont Sarazin.<i></i></dd></dl> <dl><dd><i><b>Guiot de Dijon: Ek gaan sing om my hart te vertroos</b></i></dd></dl> <dl><dd>Ek gaan sing om my hart te vertroos</dd> <dd>Want ek wil nie sterf of mal word nie</dd> <dd>Ondanks my groot kwelling.</dd> <dd>Ek kan niemand sien</dd> <dd>Wat van die wilde land terugkom nie.</dd> <dd>Waar is die een wat my hart gerus kan stel</dd> <dd>Wanneer ek hoor dat iemand van hom praat.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>God! As hulle "Outree" roep, staan die pelgrim by</dd> <dd>Vir wie ek sidder,</dd> <dd>Want die Sarasene is verraderlik.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middelfrans">Middelfrans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Middelfrans" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Middelfrans"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:FrancisIFrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/FrancisIFrance.jpg/220px-FrancisIFrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/FrancisIFrance.jpg/330px-FrancisIFrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/FrancisIFrance.jpg/440px-FrancisIFrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="3019" /></a><figcaption>Onder <a href="/wiki/Frans_I_van_Frankryk" title="Frans I van Frankryk">koning Frans I</a> (<i>François I<sup>er</sup></i>, 1515–1547) het Frans die amptelike taal van Frankryk geword</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Middelfranse (<i>moyen français</i>) tydperk het omtrent 1350 begin en in die 15de en 16de eeu geëindig. </p><p>Ná die uitbreek van die <a href="/wiki/Honderdjarige_Oorlog" title="Honderdjarige Oorlog">Honderdjarige Oorlog</a> tussen Frankryk en Engeland is 'n agteruitgang van die literêre lewe bespeur, terwyl daar ingrypende veranderings op die gebied van die klankstelsel plaasgevind het wat ook die sinsbou geraak het. Die diftonge het grotendeels tot monoftonge verander, die "s" het voor medeklinkers verdwyn (net soos die "e" indien dit aan die woordeinde staan of nie beklemtoon word nie). Aangesien die "s" die naamvalle, meervoud en persoon aangedui het, is 'n onbepaalde lidwoord vir die meervoudsvorm geskep, en voor die werkwoord staan nou verpligte persoonlike voornaamwoorde. Die vervoeging en verbuiging is vereenvoudig, die woordvolgorde (wat nou gereeld as subjek – werkwoord – objek genormeer word) en die gebruik van die tye is aan vaste reëls onderwerp. </p><p>Die belangrikste wysigings op die gebied van die grammatika was die dubbele ontkenning met <i>ne... pas</i>, die ontwikkeling van die <i>futur proche</i> met <i>aller</i> + infinitief en die refleksiewe vorm van die werkwoord wat nou in plaas van die passief gebruik word. </p><p>Terwyl talle Germaanse leenwoorde uit die Middelfranse taal verdwyn het, het die klassieke tale en Italiaans 'n sterk invloed op die Franse taal uitgeoefen. Daar was 'n behoefte om steeds meer vakterme te skep, en mettertyd het die Middelfranse taal oor <a href="/wiki/Doeblet" title="Doeblet">doeblette</a> van Latynse woorde beskik wat sowel in 'n oorgeërfde asook in 'n nuut ontleende vorm bestaan, soos <i>chose</i> – <i>cause</i> (van Latyn <i>causa</i>) en <i>loyal</i> en <i>légal</i> (van Latyn <i>legalis</i>, -<i>e</i>). </p><p>In die laat Middelfranse periode vanaf die 15de eeu het die standaardisering van die Franse taal begin; woordeboeke en grammatika's is uitgegee en het saam met die uitgebreide boekdrukkery die eenvormigheid van die taal en sy spelling bevorder. Taalpurisme en die leidende rol, wat die hoofse taal nou begin speel het, was kenmerke van die laat Middelfranse taalontwikkeling. </p><p>In 1523 het Lefèvre d'Étaples die Nuwe Testament vertaal, vyf jaar later was ook die Hebreeuse Geskrifte in Frans beskikbaar, ondanks die hewige kritiek vanuit geleerde kringe – met name die <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne" title="Sorbonne">Sorbonne</a>. Met die vertaling van <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Calvyn" title="Johannes Calvyn">Johannes Calvyn</a> se werke vanaf 1541 het Frans die taal van die <a href="/wiki/Hugenote" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugenote">Hugenote</a> geword. </p><p>Vanaf die 16de eeu het 'n aantal digters die bewys gelewer dat Frans as taal van die wetenskap, wysbegeerte en digkuns sonder meer met Latyn kon meeding. Die digter François Rabelais (omtrent 1494–1553) het byvoorbeeld oor 'n geweldige woordeskat beskik en ook sy eie <a href="/wiki/Neologisme" title="Neologisme">neologismes</a> geskep wat van sy Frans 'n tot dusver ongekende uitdrukkingsmiddel gemaak het. Pogings om die Franse spelling by die moderne taalgebruik en uitspraakgewoontes aan te pas het egter misluk, en die geleerdes het selfs 'n historiese spelling ingevoer waar medeklinkers, wat in die gesproke taal lankal verstom was, weer geskryf moes word om die Latynse oorsprong van woorde aan te dui. Woorde soos <i>sept</i> (sewe, van Latyn <i>septem</i>), <i>temps</i> (tyd; weer, van Latyn <i>tempus</i>) en <i>vingt</i> (twintig, van Latyn <i>viginti</i>) is voorbeelde van hierdie histories-etimologiese spelling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nieufrans">Nieufrans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Nieufrans" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Nieufrans"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Moli%C3%A8re_-_Nicolas_Mignard_(1658).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Moli%C3%A8re_-_Nicolas_Mignard_%281658%29.jpg/220px-Moli%C3%A8re_-_Nicolas_Mignard_%281658%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Moli%C3%A8re_-_Nicolas_Mignard_%281658%29.jpg/330px-Moli%C3%A8re_-_Nicolas_Mignard_%281658%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Moli%C3%A8re_-_Nicolas_Mignard_%281658%29.jpg/440px-Moli%C3%A8re_-_Nicolas_Mignard_%281658%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3551" data-file-height="4436" /></a><figcaption>Die Franse taal word soms "<a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a> se taal" genoem (1622–1673)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Villers-Cot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Villers-Cot.jpg/220px-Villers-Cot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Villers-Cot.jpg/330px-Villers-Cot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Villers-Cot.jpg/440px-Villers-Cot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1479" data-file-height="1083" /></a><figcaption>Die Edik van Villers-Cotterêts het in 1539 deur middel van taalbeleid die invloed en magsbasis van die Franse sentrale staat vergroot</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Map-Francophone_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/400px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/600px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/800px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2757" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>Die Franse taalgebied: <span style="margin:0px;font-size:90%; display: block;"><span style="border:1px solid black;background-color:#0c5eb1;color:#0c5eb1;">██</span> Moedertaal</span> <span style="margin:0px;font-size:90%; display: block;"><span style="border:1px solid black;background-color:#0080ff;color:#0080ff;">██</span> administratiewe taal</span> <span style="margin:0px;font-size:90%; display: block;"><span style="border:1px solid black;background-color:#9fceff;color:#9fceff;">██</span> sekondêre of nie-amptelike taal</span> <span style="margin:0px;font-size:90%; display: block;"><span style="border:1px solid black;background-color:#00ff00;color:#00ff00;">██</span> Franse minderhede</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Knowledge_French_EU_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Knowledge_French_EU_map.png/220px-Knowledge_French_EU_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Knowledge_French_EU_map.png/330px-Knowledge_French_EU_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Knowledge_French_EU_map.png/440px-Knowledge_French_EU_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1218" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>Franse taalkennis in die lidlande van die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Francophone_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Francophone_Africa.svg/220px-Francophone_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Francophone_Africa.svg/330px-Francophone_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Francophone_Africa.svg/440px-Francophone_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Die Franse taalgebied van die Afrikalande</figcaption></figure> <p>In die 15de en 16de eeu het die geleidelike oorgang na die moderne Nieufranse spreektaal begin. Die oorgangstydperk is deur 'n noukeurige slyping van die taal gekenmerk. Die Edik van Villers-Cotterêts het in 1539 bepaal dat Frans (of beter, die standaardtaal van die <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> rondom Parys) die enige ampstaal van die Koninkryk Frankryk sou wees (<i>la seule et unique langue du Royaume de France</i>). </p><p>In dieselfde jaar het die eerste woordeboek van die Franse taal verskyn. Grammatikale publikasies en nuwe woordeboeke, wat in die volgende dekades saamgestel is, het daarin geslaag om die taal te standaardiseer. Die hoofinvloede in dié tyd was die Italiaanse <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">renaissance</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme">humanisme</a>. Terwyl die een die Latynse oorsprong van die Franse taal beklemtoon het, het die ander die rol van die volkstaal bevorder. </p><p>Die hoofse digter Malherbe (1555–1628) het teen die begin van die 17de eeu 'n groot invloed op die klassieke taal uitgeoefen. Hy het die taal van neologismes en invloede van die streekdialekte gesuiwer. Die harmonie van die taal en sy algemene verstaanbaarheid was sentrale oogmerke van sy taalkundige werk. Hy het begin om die sinsbou te harmoniseer, die gebruik van die persoonlike voornaamwoord (wat in Latyn en die meeste Romaanse tale nie gebruik word nie) bevorder en die inversie van die subjek afgekeur. </p><p>Die Italiaanse <i>Accademia della Crusca</i> het die aanleiding vir die stigting van die <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Académie française">Académie française</a> (1635) gegee wat hom op taalsuiwering, die grammatikale taalontwikkeling en die retoriek toegespits het. <a href="/wiki/Kardinaal_de_Richelieu" title="Kardinaal de Richelieu">Kardinaal de Richelieu</a>, die beskermheer van die akademie, het in 1694 'n nuwe woordeboek en grammatika deur die taalkundiges laat saamstel. Dit is ook die akademie wat tans die taalbeheer oor Frans uitoefen. </p><p>Die 17de eeu was die klassieke eeu van die Franse letterkunde, en die filosoof <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a> (1596–1650) het met sy werke die bewys gelewer dat die Franse taal wetenskaplike en wysgerige gedagtes net so gemaklik kon formuleer soos Latyn, wat nou ten gunste van Frans op alle gebiede afgeskaal is. In adellike kringe het die salons baie gewild geraak; hier het die edeles in die huise van aristokrate saamgekuier en literêre werke bestudeer. Dit was die salon van die Madame de Rambouillet, later dié van Madame de Sablé, Madame de Maintenon en veral Mademoiselle de Scudéry wat die taal deur die bespreking van literêre, wetenskaplike en amoureuse sake laat opbloei het. Die <i>Presieuses</i>, soos hulle genoem is, het hulle vir 'n verhewe taalgebruik beywer wat nuwe, geesryke woordskeppings soos <i>enthousiasmer</i> en <i>féliciter</i> ingesluit het. Byvoeglike naamwoorde, wat uiterste toestande kan beskryf, was baie gewild onder die Presieuses; uitdrukkings soos <i>terrible</i>, <i>horrible</i>, <i>admirable</i>, <i>furieux</i> en <i>effroyablement</i> was tipiese neologismes van hierdie tydperk. Nederige en onbeskaafde uitdrukkings is vermy en met behulp van nuwe woorde omskryf. Die digter <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a> (1622–1673) het die salongangers in sy <i>Femmes Savantes</i> (<i>Geleerde Vroue</i>) en <i>Précieuses Ridicules</i> bespot. Tog het hulle 'n waardevolle bydrae tot die ontwikkeling van die Franse taal gelewer wat in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> vanaf die vroeë 18de eeu die taal van die beskaafde kringe en die diplomatie geword het. Die Pruisiese koning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_die_Grote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik die Grote (bladsy bestaan nie)">Frederik die Grote</a> het byvoorbeeld oorwegend Frans gepraat en geskryf, terwyl sy Duits steeds gebrekkig gebly het. </p><p>Die uitspraak, woordvorming en sinsbou van Frans het al in die 17de eeu begin verstewig. In die tyd voor die <a href="/wiki/Franse_Rewolusie" title="Franse Rewolusie">Franse Rewolusie</a> is die woordeskat nog eens deur woorde uit die streek- en volkstaal verryk, waarby die literêre werk van onder meer Rousseau en Diderot 'n belangrike rol gespeel het. Engelse en Duitse vakterminologie uit die politieke sfeer, die sport, mynbou en geologie is ontleen. Die sentralisering van die administrasie in die verloop van die Franse Rewolusie het weer eens die posisie van die Paryse Frans verstewig; tegelykertyd is nuwe begrippe uit die klassieke tale se woordeskat gevorm, wat veral vir die nuwe bedeling en die nuwe maatstelsel benodig is: <i>Arrondissement</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" title="Département">département</a></i>, <i>municipalité</i>,<i> préfet</i>; <i>gramme</i>, <i>mètre</i>, <i>kilomètre</i> en <i>litre</i> is neologismes uit hierdie tydperk. Aangesien teen die einde van die 18de eeu sowat 'n kwart van die bevolking die Franse taal nie magtig was nie, is die streekdialekte en die tale van die minderhede verdruk. </p><p>Die digters van die 19de eeu het gepoog om die woordeskat van die taal verder uit te brei; hul bronne was die taal van die 15de en 16de eeu, streekdialekte en die omgangstaal. Dit was die tydperk van die nominalisme, 'n styl wat werkwoorde en byvoeglike naamwoorde deur nominale konstruksies vervang het, en die begin van die sterk Engelse invloed. Die <i>Franglais</i>, 'n taalgebruik wat deur 'n groot aantal <a href="/wiki/Anglisisme" title="Anglisisme">anglisismes</a> gekenmerk word, word deur die owerhede bestry. </p><p>Die moderne omgangstaal met sy talle afwykings van die grammatikale norme, die sogenaamde <i>français avancé</i> (Gevorderde Frans), gee 'n indruk van wat moontlik in die toekoms die nuwe standaardtaal sal wees. So is byvoorbeeld die dubbele ontkenning aan die verdwyn, en <i>ne...pas</i> is in die omgangstaal al vereenvoudig tot <i>pas</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taalregisters">Taalregisters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Taalregisters" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Taalregisters"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daar bestaan 'n enorme kloof tussen die literêre taal, wat deur die taalbouers geslyp word, en die algemene omgangstaal. Die norme van die skryftaal en korrekte spreektaal – <i>français écrit</i> en <i>français parlé correct</i> – geld nie noodsaaklik vir die gewone spreektaal – <i>français parlé</i> – nie. Die gesproke Frans het variante soos die <i>langue familière</i> – die omgangstaal van die goed opgeleides, die <i>langue populaire</i> – die algemene omgangstaal – en die <i>argot</i>, die groeptaal van 'n spesifieke beroep, klas of kring. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_Loi_Toubon_(Toubon-wet)"><span id="Die_Loi_Toubon_.28Toubon-wet.29"></span>Die Loi Toubon (Toubon-wet)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Die Loi Toubon (Toubon-wet)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Die Loi Toubon (Toubon-wet)"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:JO199411392.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/JO199411392.png/220px-JO199411392.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/JO199411392.png/330px-JO199411392.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/JO199411392.png/440px-JO199411392.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption>Eerste bladsy van die Toubon-wet</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Loi Toubon, wat op 4 Augustus 1994 deur die Franse parlement aanvaar is, dra die naam van die destydse Franse Minister van Kultuur, Jacques Toubon. Die doelstelling van die wet is die beskerming van die Franstalige verbruikers en werknemers en die bevordering van veeltaligheid, onder meer ook in die media. </p><p>Franse vermaaklikheidsprogramme is verplig om ten minste veertig persent Franstalige musiek uit te saai, waarvan die helfte onlangse produksies of werke van jong talente moet wees. As gevolg van die wet bied sommige internasionale kunstenaars nou 'n Franstalige versie van hulle treffers aan. Die wet verbied verder die gebruik van anglisismes in 'n amptelike of openbare konteks. Advertensies mag byvoorbeeld geen Engelse leuse sonder Franse vertaling bevat nie. </p><p>Kritici wys op die feit dat bepaalde woordvormings, wat deur die owerhede vasgelê is, in die omgangstaal steeds nie gebruik word nie – die amptelike term <i>vacancelle</i> byvoorbeeld het die Engelse leenwoord <i>week-end</i> nie verdring nie. Die <a href="/wiki/Kanadese_Frans" title="Kanadese Frans">Kanadese Frans</a> gebruik egter uitsluitlik die term <i>fin de semaine</i>. </p><p>Tog is daar op baie gebiede suksesvol Franse <a href="/wiki/Neologisme" title="Neologisme">neologismes</a> geskep, byvoorbeeld in die <a href="/wiki/Rekenaarwetenskap" title="Rekenaarwetenskap">rekenaarwetenskap</a>, waar net <i>ordinateur</i> (rekenaar), <i>logiciel</i> (sagteware) en <i>matériel</i> (hardeware) gebruiklik is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frans_in_Kanada">Frans in Kanada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Frans in Kanada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Frans in Kanada"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Hoofartikel: <a href="/wiki/Kanadese_Frans" title="Kanadese Frans">Kanadese Frans</a>.</i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:OQLF_-_Montr%C3%A9al.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/OQLF_-_Montr%C3%A9al.jpg/220px-OQLF_-_Montr%C3%A9al.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/OQLF_-_Montr%C3%A9al.jpg/330px-OQLF_-_Montr%C3%A9al.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/OQLF_-_Montr%C3%A9al.jpg/440px-OQLF_-_Montr%C3%A9al.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2814" data-file-height="2243" /></a><figcaption>Die <i>Office québécois de la langue française</i> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sowat sewe miljoen Kanadese praat Frans as hulle moedertaal, waarvan ses miljoen in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, en Frans is naas Engels een van die twee amptelike tale. Kanadese burgers het die reg op diensverskaffing in albei tale, waaronder ook die reg op moedertaalonderwys, selfs al is hulle taal 'n minderheidstaal in die betrokke provinsie, sodra die aantal sprekers dit regverdig. </p><p>Die federale regering word deur die wet verplig om sy werksaamhede in albei tale deur te voer en dienste in Engels en Frans te verskaf. Parlementsdebatte moet in albei ampstale vertaal word, en die meeste produkte wat in Kanada verkoop word moet tweetalige etikette dra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frans_in_Suid-Afrika">Frans in Suid-Afrika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Frans in Suid-Afrika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Frans in Suid-Afrika"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hugenote_aan_die_Kaap">Hugenote aan die Kaap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Hugenote aan die Kaap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Hugenote aan die Kaap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Franschhoek-panneau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Franschhoek-panneau.jpg/220px-Franschhoek-panneau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Franschhoek-panneau.jpg/330px-Franschhoek-panneau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Franschhoek-panneau.jpg/440px-Franschhoek-panneau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>'n Franstalige straatbord in Franschhoek</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:FransAfrikaansewoordeboek1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/c/cb/FransAfrikaansewoordeboek1950.jpg/220px-FransAfrikaansewoordeboek1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/c/cb/FransAfrikaansewoordeboek1950.jpg/330px-FransAfrikaansewoordeboek1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/c/cb/FransAfrikaansewoordeboek1950.jpg/440px-FransAfrikaansewoordeboek1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="703" /></a><figcaption>Die enigste gedrukte Afrikaans-Franse woordeboek (1950)</figcaption></figure> <p>Vanweë die immigrasie van 'n aantal <a href="/wiki/Hugenoot" title="Hugenoot">Hugenote</a>-gesinne na die Kaap is tussen 1688 en die vroeë 18de eeu 'n tyd lank Frans aan die Kaap gepraat. Suid-Afrika se Hugenote is oorspronklik Franse vlugtelinge, wat 'n toevlug in Nederland gevind het en later deur die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Oos-Indiese_Kompanjie" title="Verenigde Oos-Indiese Kompanjie">Verenigde Oos-Indiese Kompanjie</a> aangemoedig is om na die Kaap te emigreer. </p><p>Vir die kompanjie was 'n Franstalige gemeenskap in die Kaap egter nie wenslik nie, en hulle het maatreëls getref om die immigrante so vinnig moontlik te laat vernederlands. Frans onder die Hugenote het in Suid-Afrika egter 'n natuurlike dood gesterf. Die Franse taal is in die kolonie nie "onderdruk" en "uitgeroei" nie, al is dié bewering ook dikwels gemaak deur mense wat 'n regverdiging gesoek het vir die onderdrukking van Hollands vanaf kort na die tweede Engelse besetting in die Kaap.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die Franse wou aanvanklik heeltemal apart bly van die "Duijtsche natiën". Die Hugenote was onder meer by Stellenbosch, maar veral in <a href="/wiki/Drakenstein" title="Drakenstein">Drakenstein</a> saamgekoek, want hulle wou ook nie ver uitmekaar woon nie (die verandering van woonplek is in Oktober 1688 toegelaat). Die spyt enkele dekades later om nie Nederlands te ken of meer leergeleenthede daartoe te hê nie, was hul eie skuld. Dit was egter van die begin af onvermydelik dat hulle in die bevolking met sy oorweldigende meerderheid Nederlands- en Duitssprekendes sou opgaan, veral as in ag geneem word dat van die Hugenote reeds voor hul aankoms Nederlands geken het. Die Hugenote wou op 28 November 1688 (skaars 'n maand later) ook hulle eie gemeente met eie kerkraad hê. Daarvoor het die Kommandeur sy geduld met die Hugenote verloor, hoewel ds. Pierre Simond die laaste woord gehad het: op 15 Junie 1689 skryf hy aan die Here XVII hoe ongerieflik hierdie toestande vir die Hugenote is om kerk by te woon en skool te gaan. Op 6 Desember van 1689 is 'n eie gemeente toegestaan, maar die Franse onderwys is afgekeur. </p><p>Die V.O.C. wou aanvanklik skoolmeesters onder die Franse instuur om die kinders in Hollands te laat skoolgaan. In die praktyk het daar niks van gekom nie. Dit is nou die jaar 1691 en verder. Vergeleke met Stellenbosch wat met sy stigting in 1679 eers tot 1700 moes wag vir 'n Hollandse voorleser, kan mens moeilik praat van hardhandige behandeling van die Franse wat betref die voorsiening van 'n Franssprekende dominee. In Stellenbosch Distrik was daar maar nog drie Franse families woonagtig – die ander is blykbaar toegelaat om na Drakenstein te verhuis. Al was daar ook 'n aansienlike bevolking Hollanders in Drakenstein in 1691, was daar tot 1700 ook nie 'n Hollandse skoolmeester en voorleser in daardie distrik nie. </p><p>Selfs met ds. Pierre Simond wat terugkeer na Europa in 1702, het <a href="/wiki/Willem_Adriaan_van_der_Stel" title="Willem Adriaan van der Stel">W.A. van der Stel</a> die Here XVII gevra om 'n predikant te stuur wat <i>die beijde in de duijtsche</i> [d.w.s. Hollands] <i>en France Taalen is ervaaren</i>. Herhaaldelik sou die Here XVII met elke versoek aanvanklik teëstribbel, maar dan tog die versoek toestaan. In 'n versoekskrif van die Drakensteinse kerkraad (Junie 1703) is daar sprake van 116 gemeentelede van wie slegs 25 Hollands goed genoeg ken om die preke te verstaan. Of die getal doelbewus deur die Hugenote oordryf is, is onbekend. </p><p>In Drakenstein het dominee Paul Roux nog altyd voortgegaan om Franse dienste te hou. Op 8 Mei 1718 het die kerkraad nog gereël dat die Franse dienste elke Sondag net na die Hollandse een gehou moes word <i>al waar het ook voor een of twee menschen.</i> Op 7 Februarie 1723 was daar nog 25 of 26 Franse bejaardes oor wat Nederlands nie kon verstaan nie. Na oorweging en heroorweging deur die Goewerneur en Raad is bevind die getal is nou te min om 'n aparte voorleser aan te stel, veral omdat die Hollandse voorleser Hermanus Bosman ook Frans geken het. Reeds op 10 Desember 1709 het die Politieke Raad die kerkraad van Drakenstein opgedra om voortaan geen stukke aan die regering meer in Frans te stuur nie, sodat die Franse taal na die dood van Paul Roux geen amptelike erkenning meer sal geniet nie. Niemand het beswaar daarteen gemaak nie. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Johannes_du_Plessis_Scholtz" title="Johannes du Plessis Scholtz">Scholtz</a> skryf: <i>Teen 1725 was die Franse taal reeds op sterwe na dood.</i> […] <i>In die Drakensteinse kerkraad het koster Jeremias Roux na die afsterwe van Paul Roux nog af en toe 'n Franse diens gehou, totdat op 'n kerkraadsvergadering van 2 Junie 1726 besluit is om daar 'n end aan te maak.</i> 'In overwegingen genomen zijnde<i> […] </i>dat Jeremias Roux nu en dan, wanneer 't hem te passe kwam, den dienst in 't Fransch heeft waargenomen, met een predikatie te lezen, en hij nu niet zoozeer op zijn verzoek, als wel om het kwalijk waarnemen van zijn dienst, van de kosterbedieninge ontslagen is, is goetgevonden, hem aan te zeggen dat hij niet meer den Franschen dienst zal hebben waar te nemen.' <i>Dit is die laaste wat daar van Franse dienste in Drakenstein gehoor is.</i> […] <i>Die Franse sterrekundige <a href="/wiki/Nicolas-Louis_de_Lacaille" title="Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille">Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille</a>, wat in 1751 aan die Kaap was, vertel ons dat die oorspronklike vlugtelinge hul taal geleer het aan hul kinders, maar dié nie weer aan hul kinders nie, sodat hy niemand onder die veertig aangetref het wat nog Frans kon praat nie. Die Franssprekendes het hom verseker dat daar oor twintig jaar niemand sou wees wat nog Frans ken nie. Toe die natuurondersoeker <a href="/wiki/Francois_le_Vaillant" title="Francois le Vaillant">Le Vaillant</a> in 1783 Franschhoek besoek, tref hy daar net een ou man aan wat nog Frans kon praat.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderne_Franssprekende_gemeenskappe">Moderne Franssprekende gemeenskappe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Moderne Franssprekende gemeenskappe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Moderne Franssprekende gemeenskappe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vandag is daar nog talle plek- en familiename van Franse oorsprong in Suid-Afrika. <a href="/wiki/Franschhoek" title="Franschhoek">Franschhoek</a>, een van die sentrums van die Franse setlaars, het selfs Franse straatborde. Sedert 1994 lei immigrasie uit die res van <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> ook tot beduidende Franssprekende gemeenskappe in Suid-Afrika in plekke soos <a href="/wiki/Muizenberg" title="Muizenberg">Muizenberg</a>. Tans is daar sowat 100 000 Franstaliges in Suid-Afrika, onder wie 7 600 Franse burgers. </p><p>Die invloei van immigrante en asielsoekers uit Midde-Afrika beteken dat Franstaliges tans toeneem in groot stede soos <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a>. Frans is ook gewild as tweede addisionele taal op skole in hierdie stede en word in alle groot universiteite in die land aangebied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fransmedium-onderwys_en_biblioteke">Fransmedium-onderwys en biblioteke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Fransmedium-onderwys en biblioteke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Fransmedium-onderwys en biblioteke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a> beskik oor 'n Franse skool, die <i>L’École française François-le-Vaillant du Cap</i>. Verder is die <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alliance.org.za/">Alliance Française</a> teenwoordig in die meeste groot sentra in <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> en bevorder die <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifas.org.za/">Franse Instituut</a> (Frans: <i>Institut français d'Afrique du Sud (IFAS)</i>) kulturele, navorsings- en taalbetrekkinge met die Franssprekende wêreld. </p><p>In Julie/Augustus 2014 word Parow Openbare Biblioteek die tweede biblioteek in Suid-Afrika waar 'n nuwe versameling Franse kinderboeke toegevoeg is. Die Franse Instituut het in samewerking met Biblionef en die Alliance Française hierdie skenking gemaak. Die versameling bestaan uit prente-, strokiesprent-, feite- en woordeboeke. Die skenking is gemaak omdat vele Franssprekende kinders in Parow woon. Hulle kan sodoende hul moedertaal behou deur dit ook te leer lees en skryf.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gebrek_aan_moderne_woordeboeke">Gebrek aan moderne woordeboeke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Gebrek aan moderne woordeboeke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Gebrek aan moderne woordeboeke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Te midde van die ryke kulturele geskiedkundige erfenis, heers daar tot vandag toe 'n ononderbroke droogte op die Afrikaanse taalakker wat gedrukte tweetalige woordeboeke tussen Afrikaans en Frans betref. Die <i>enigste</i> Afrikaans-Frans/Frans-Afrikaanse woordeboek is in 1950 laas geskryf deur B. Strelen (Departement Frans) en H. L. Gonin (Departement Latyn) aan die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Pretoria" title="Universiteit van Pretoria">Universiteit van Pretoria</a>. Hierdie baanbrekerswerk het geen herdruk of verdere ontwikkeling beleef nie. Hierdie woordeboekie van altesaam 412 bladsye het, weens sy beperkte beskikbare ruimte, geen idiome of spreekwoorde opgeneem nie. Daar is ook, soos in die voorwoord aangedui is, nie 'n wye verskeidenheid woorde as alternatiewe verskaf nie. Vakkundige terme kon ook nie opgeneem word nie. By byvoeglike naamwoorde, waar die vroulike uitgang -e bestaan (soos by <i>grand</i>, <i>grande</i>), is hoofsaaklik slegs die manlike vorm verskaf. Die grootste sonde was die gebrek aan fonetiese transkripsie, maar ook woordherkomsverklarings; iets wat die <i>Oxford Concise French Dictionary</i> en die klein woordeboek van Harrap reeds kon bied.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wat die gedrukte formaat betref, is 'n Afrikaanssprekende leerling van die Franse taal dus steeds aangewese op woordeboeke in 'n derde taal, soos dié in Engels of Nederlands. Ook hierdie leksikografiese gebied in Afrikaans lê dus dekades lank braak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oui,_je_parle_Rugby"><span id="Oui.2C_je_parle_Rugby"></span>Oui, je parle Rugby</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Oui, je parle Rugby" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Oui, je parle Rugby"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Logo_Oui_je_parle_rugby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/e/e7/Logo_Oui_je_parle_rugby.jpg/220px-Logo_Oui_je_parle_rugby.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/e/e7/Logo_Oui_je_parle_rugby.jpg/330px-Logo_Oui_je_parle_rugby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/e/e7/Logo_Oui_je_parle_rugby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Die amptelike embleem</figcaption></figure> <p>Ter geleentheid van die <a href="/wiki/Rugbyw%C3%AAreldbeker_2007" title="Rugbywêreldbeker 2007">Rugbywêreldbeker 2007</a>, wat vir die eerste keer in 'n Franssprekende land gehou is, het die Franse Departement van Buitelandse en Europese Sake en verskeie instellings van die Francophonie – waaronder die internasionale Franstalige televisiekanaal <i>TV5 Monde</i>, die internasionale radiodiens <a href="/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale" title="Radio France Internationale">Radio France Internationale</a> en die <i>Alliance française</i> in Parys – 'n veldtog begin wat buitelandse rugby-geesdriftiges aangemoedig het om Frans aan te leer. </p><p>Die veldtog se leuse – <i>Oui, je parle Rugby</i> ("Ja, ek praat Rugby") – was veral gemik op die sowat 450 000 internasionale besoekers en ander geesdriftiges wat die wedstryde as toeskouers gevolg het of andersins by die kampioenskap betrokke was. Frans is as 'n moderne wêreldtaal uitgebeeld, en die organiseerders het gehoop dat meer belangstellendes Franse taalkursusse aan Frankryk se kulturele instellings in die buiteland sou volg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vergelyking_met_ander_Romaanse_tale">Vergelyking met ander Romaanse tale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Vergelyking met ander Romaanse tale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Vergelyking met ander Romaanse tale"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><i>Afrikaans</i></th> <th><i>Latyn</i></th> <th><i>Frans</i></th> <th><i>Italiaans</i></th> <th><i>Spaans</i></th> <th><i>Oksitaans</i></th> <th><i>(Sentraal-)Katalaans</i></th> <th><i>Portugees</i></th> <th><i>Roemeens</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>sleutel </td> <td>clavis | Vierde naamval <i>clavem</i> </td> <td>clef </td> <td>chiave </td> <td>llave </td> <td>clau </td> <td>clau </td> <td>chave </td> <td>cheie </td></tr> <tr> <td>nag </td> <td>nox | Vierde naamval <i>noctem</i> </td> <td>nuit </td> <td>notte </td> <td>noche </td> <td>nuèit </td> <td>nit </td> <td>noite </td> <td>noapte </td></tr> <tr> <td>sing </td> <td>cantare </td> <td>chanter </td> <td>cantare </td> <td>cantar </td> <td>cantar </td> <td>cantar </td> <td>cantar </td> <td>a cânta </td></tr> <tr> <td>bok </td> <td>capra </td> <td>chèvre </td> <td>capra </td> <td>cabra </td> <td>cabra </td> <td>cabra </td> <td>cabra </td> <td>capră </td></tr> <tr> <td>taal, tong </td> <td>lingua </td> <td>langue </td> <td>lingua </td> <td>lengua </td> <td>lenga </td> <td>llengua </td> <td>língua </td> <td>limbă </td></tr> <tr> <td>plein </td> <td>platea </td> <td>place </td> <td>piazza </td> <td>plaza </td> <td>plaça </td> <td>plaça </td> <td>praça </td> <td>piaţă </td></tr> <tr> <td>brug </td> <td>pons | Vierde naamval <i>pontem</i> </td> <td>pont </td> <td>ponte </td> <td>puente </td> <td>pont </td> <td>pont </td> <td>ponte </td> <td>pod </td></tr> <tr> <td>kerk </td> <td>ecclesia </td> <td>église </td> <td>chiesa </td> <td>iglesia </td> <td>glèisa </td> <td>església </td> <td>igreja </td> <td>biserică </td></tr> <tr> <td>hospitaal </td> <td>hospitalis </td> <td>hôpital </td> <td>ospedale </td> <td>hospital </td> <td>espital </td> <td>hospital </td> <td>hospital </td> <td>spital </td></tr> <tr> <td>kaas </td> <td>caseus | Vulgêrlatyn <i>formaticum</i> </td> <td>fromage </td> <td>formaggio </td> <td>queso </td> <td>formatge </td> <td>formatge </td> <td>queijo </td> <td>caş </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_gedrukte_Afrikaans-vreemdtalige_woordeboeke" title="Lys van gedrukte Afrikaans-vreemdtalige woordeboeke">Lys van gedrukte Afrikaans-vreemdtalige woordeboeke</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/fra">"Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, French"</a> (in Engels). <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510035622/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/fra">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 10 Mei 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World%2C+Seventeenth+edition%2C+French&rft.pub=Ethnologue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Ffra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AFrans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_du_Plessis_Scholtz" title="Johannes du Plessis Scholtz">Scholtz, J. du P.</a> 1965. Verdwyning van die Franse Taal in Suid-Afrika. (Oorspronklik gepubliseer in <i>Die Burger</i>, 7 September 1939.) In:<i>Afrikaans uit die vroeë tyd</i>. Kaapstad: Nasou. pp.226-234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Laishley, K. 2014. Parow Library launches their French collection. <i>Kaapse Bibliotekaris</i> 58(4):4  : <i>Parow Library now boasts a collection of French books for children. The French Institute, in partnership with Biblionef and the Alliance Française, donated the books to the library. Parow is only the second library in South Africa to receive this collection. The books are aimed at younger patrons and range from board books for babies to books for 12-13-year-olds. The collection includes picture books, cartoons, dictionaries and encyclopaedias.Parow has many French-speaking members. The adults speak, read and write French but the children often only understand French. This collection will allow them to learn to read and write French. The books issued on a patron’s library card and schools may make use of the block loan system.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inskip, Donald P. 1951. Resensie: Strelen, B. en H. L. Gonin: ,,Afrikaans-Frans en Frans-Afrikaans Woordeboek". In: <i>Ons eie boek</i> XVII(2):30-31 : <i>The appearance of an Afrikaans-French and French-Afrikaans dictionary is a noteworthy event in South African cultural development. The way to understanding of the great French literary heritage will no longer lie exclusively through a third tongue, as has necessarily been the case hitherto; and we may hope also that direct contact with Afrikaans from the French side may lead to profitable exchanges and increased interest in South African affairs.</i> <i>The "Woordeboek" of Strelen and Gonin, is attractive in format and handy in use. On the whole the selection of words for inclusion is judicious and the range of meanings considerable: there can be no doubt that the dictionary fills a gap and will render good service. The concise grouping of words of common stem under one head is ably done and saves useful space. Having said this, one must add that the absence of any indication of pronunciation of either language is a grave defect, which must to some extent prevent the Dictionary from taking its rightful place with students. Whereas the Oxford Concise French Dictionary and the small Harrap find space for phonetic transcription (the Oxford Dictionary even manages to include etymologies in succinct form), this new arrival gives no guidance other than the asterisk before French aspirate "H".</i> <i>We can well believe that limitations of space pressed severely on the authors, but a more vigorous pruning of the vocabulary and the use of smaller type for certain secondary information might have left room for phonetic indication of pronunciation, and for more examples of common usage and constructions. For instance, the very uncommon </i>acmé<i> (included as well as the usual </i>apogée<i>) could well be sacrificed, as could probably such words as </i>pontifical<i> and </i>filigrane<i>.</i> <i>All in all, however, we must welcome the hard work and enthusiasm which have gone to the making of this Dictionary and hope that the authors and the publishers will reap their due reward for enterprise and pioneering.</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/75px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/100px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 70px;">Sien gerus <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> se uitgawe in <i><b><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fr:">Frans</a></b></i> </div> </div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:French_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:French language">Frans</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Sien <i><b><a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/Frans" class="extiw" title="wikt:Frans">Frans</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, die vrye woordeboek.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goethe-verlag.com/book2/AF/AFFR/AFFR002.HTM"><i>Aanlynkursus Afrikaans-Frans</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.majstro.com/Web/Majstro/dict.php?gebrTaal=eng&prec=1&bronTaal=fra&doelTaal=afr"><i>Woordeboek Frans-Afrikaans-Frans</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alliance.org.za/"><i>Alliance Française</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.101languages.net/french/">French 101</a> Learn French online</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dicovia.com/dico/francais-afrikaans/lettre-A/60-119">Woordeboek Frans/Afrikaans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120519024805/http://www.dicovia.com/dico/francais-afrikaans/lettre-A/60-119">Geargiveer</a> 19 Mei 2012 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090322055355/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/france_829/coupe-du-monde-rugby-2007_15449/oui-je-parle-rugby_16639/pourquoi-oui-je-parle-rugby_49921.html">France Diplomatie – Oui, je parle rugby</a></li></ul> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <table class="toccolours" style="clear: both;" width="100%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_tale" title="Indo-Europese tale">Indo-Europese tale</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kentum-tale" title="Kentum-tale">Kentum-tale</a>: <i><b><a href="/wiki/Italiese_tale" title="Italiese tale">Italiese tale</a></b></i> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiese_groep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italiese groep (bladsy bestaan nie)">Italiese groep</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Oskies" title="Oskies">Oskies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Umbries" title="Umbries">Umbries</a> | <a href="/wiki/Faliskies" title="Faliskies">Faliskies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Romaanse_tale" title="Romaanse tale">Romaanse tale</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberoromaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iberoromaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Iberoromaans</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Aragonees" title="Aragonees">Aragonees</a> | <a href="/wiki/Asturies" title="Asturies">Asturies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Galicies" title="Galicies">Galicies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Katalaans" title="Katalaans">Katalaans</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ladino" title="Ladino">Ladino</a> | <a href="/wiki/Leonees" title="Leonees">Leonees</a> | <a href="/wiki/Portugees" title="Portugees">Portugees</a> | <a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/wiki/Galloromaans" title="Galloromaans">Galloromaans</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_d%27oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues d'oil (bladsy bestaan nie)">Langues d'oil</a>:</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frans</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gallo" title="Gallo">Gallo</a> | <a href="/wiki/Lorreins" title="Lorreins">Lorreins</a> | <a href="/wiki/Normandies" title="Normandies">Normandies</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Auregnais" title="Auregnais">Auregnais</a> | <a href="/wiki/Guern%C3%A9siais" title="Guernésiais">Guernésiais</a> | <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a> | <a href="/wiki/Sercquiais" title="Sercquiais">Sercquiais</a></small>) <a href="/wiki/Pikardies" title="Pikardies">Pikardies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Champenois" title="Champenois">Champenois</a> | <a href="/wiki/Waals" title="Waals">Waals</a> | <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Normandies" title="Anglo-Normandies">Anglo-Normandies</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Oksitaans" title="Oksitaans">Oksitaans</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Aranees" title="Aranees">Aranees</a> | <a href="/wiki/Auvergnat" title="Auvergnat">Auvergnat</a> | <a href="/wiki/Gaskons" title="Gaskons">Gaskons</a> | <a href="/wiki/Languedokies" title="Languedokies">Languedokies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Limousin_(dialek)" title="Limousin (dialek)">Limousin</a> | <a href="/wiki/Provensaals" title="Provensaals">Provensaals</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arpitaans" title="Arpitaans">Frankoprovensaals</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galloitalies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galloitalies (bladsy bestaan nie)">Galloitalies</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Lombardies" title="Lombardies">Lombardies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Monegaskies" title="Monegaskies">Monegaskies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%ABmontees" title="Piëmontees">Piëmontees</a> | <a href="/wiki/Venesiaans" title="Venesiaans">Venesiaans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/wiki/Retoromaans" title="Retoromaans">Retoromaans</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Romansch" title="Romansch">Romansch</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ladinies" title="Ladinies">Ladinies</a> | <a href="/wiki/Friulaans" title="Friulaans">Friulaans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Logudories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logudories (bladsy bestaan nie)">Logudories</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sassaries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sassaries (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sassaries</a></small>) | <a href="/wiki/Sisiliaans" title="Sisiliaans">Sisiliaans</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balkanromaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balkanromaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Balkanromaans</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Aroemeens" title="Aroemeens">Aroemeens</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istro-Roemaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istro-Roemaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Istro-Roemaans</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meglenoroemaans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meglenoroemaans (bladsy bestaan nie)">Meglenoroemaans</a> | <a href="/wiki/Roemeens" title="Roemeens">Roemeens</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ddddff;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romaanse_Kunstale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romaanse Kunstale (bladsy bestaan nie)">Romaanse<br />Kunstale</a></b> </th> <td style="font-size: 90%;"><a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a> | <a href="/wiki/Interlingue" title="Interlingue">Interlingue</a> | <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Franca_Nova" title="Lingua Franca Nova">Lingua Franca Nova</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" 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