CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Regional Integration Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="Aasftu3yZu6mkkMPfbL5J70dotW74QAFTye+0yvWl2cDren2OL87ecyquewfiU3deirPeHdunz+5FUj7IQORmQ==" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?after=50%2C2380410" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Regional Integration Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15276,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113458213,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277535887,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732797329000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732797329000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-bdb9e8c097f01e611f2fc5e2f1a9dc599beede975e2ae5629983543a1726e947.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-bae13f9b51961d5f1e06008e39e31d0138cb31332e8c2e874c6d6a250ec2bb14.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-19a25d160d01bde427443d06cd6b810c4c92c6026e7cb31519e06313eb24ed90.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Regional Integration</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">60,800 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Regional Integration</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Regional_Integration">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35367507 coauthored" data-work_id="35367507" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35367507/Post_Soviet_Constitutions_and_Challenges_of_Regional_Integration_Adapting_to_European_and_Eurasian_integration_projects">Post-Soviet Constitutions and Challenges of Regional Integration: Adapting to European and Eurasian integration projects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book explores the implications of European and Eurasian integration projects for the constitutional orders of post-Soviet countries. On the one hand, the process of Eurasian integration, culminating in the establishment of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35367507" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book explores the implications of European and Eurasian integration projects for the constitutional orders of post-Soviet countries. On the one hand, the process of Eurasian integration, culminating in the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), led to the creation of new institutions and mechanisms influencing the domestic legal order of the participating countries. On the other hand, the process of European integration, epitomised through the European Union (EU), constitutes an important source of reference for domestic constitutional developments in the countries which recently concluded a new generation of Association Agreements with the EU. This book analyses the implications of both processes.<br />The book addresses the relevant experience of the countries from Central and Eastern Europe with transitional constitutionalism, mapping out the significance of European and Eurasian integration for protecting the rule of law in the post-Soviet space and identifying the constitutional implications and challenges of the EAEU and the new generation of Association Agreements. It also provides detailed country reports on national constitutional orders in the post-Soviet space and their adaptability to regional integration projects,　authored by leading academics from the countries concerned, providing a number of general reflections about the evolution of post-Soviet constitutions in light of European and Eurasian integration projects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35367507" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2cd596e349de5d3a28238b93e45ce75d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55227623,"asset_id":35367507,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55227623/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="545139" href="https://ugent.academia.edu/PeterVanElsuwege">Peter Van Elsuwege</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="545139" type="text/json">{"id":545139,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Van Elsuwege","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"PeterVanElsuwege","display_name":"Peter Van Elsuwege","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/PeterVanElsuwege?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/545139/270719/319966/s65_peter.van_elsuwege.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-35367507">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-35367507"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ukma.academia.edu/RomanPetrov">Roman Petrov</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-35367507'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-35367507').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35367507 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35367507"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35367507, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35367507", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35367507 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35367507; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35367507"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35367507 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35367507"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35367507; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35367507]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35367507").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35367507").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35367507"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law">Constitutional Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="547" type="text/json">{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12396" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Soviet_Studies">Post-Soviet Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12396" type="text/json">{"id":12396,"name":"Post-Soviet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Soviet_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law">European Union Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15167" type="text/json">{"id":15167,"name":"European Union Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35367507]'), work: {"id":35367507,"title":"Post-Soviet Constitutions and Challenges of Regional Integration: Adapting to European and Eurasian integration projects","created_at":"2017-12-07T04:02:39.849-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35367507/Post_Soviet_Constitutions_and_Challenges_of_Regional_Integration_Adapting_to_European_and_Eurasian_integration_projects?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_35367507","summary":"This book explores the implications of European and Eurasian integration projects for the constitutional orders of post-Soviet countries. On the one hand, the process of Eurasian integration, culminating in the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), led to the creation of new institutions and mechanisms influencing the domestic legal order of the participating countries. On the other hand, the process of European integration, epitomised through the European Union (EU), constitutes an important source of reference for domestic constitutional developments in the countries which recently concluded a new generation of Association Agreements with the EU. This book analyses the implications of both processes.\nThe book addresses the relevant experience of the countries from Central and Eastern Europe with transitional constitutionalism, mapping out the significance of European and Eurasian integration for protecting the rule of law in the post-Soviet space and identifying the constitutional implications and challenges of the EAEU and the new generation of Association Agreements. It also provides detailed country reports on national constitutional orders in the post-Soviet space and their adaptability to regional integration projects,　authored by leading academics from the countries concerned, providing a number of general reflections about the evolution of post-Soviet constitutions in light of European and Eurasian integration projects.\n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55227623,"asset_id":35367507,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":545139,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Van Elsuwege","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"PeterVanElsuwege","display_name":"Peter Van Elsuwege","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/PeterVanElsuwege?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/545139/270719/319966/s65_peter.van_elsuwege.jpg"},{"id":316670,"first_name":"Roman","last_name":"Petrov","domain_name":"ukma","page_name":"RomanPetrov","display_name":"Roman Petrov","profile_url":"https://ukma.academia.edu/RomanPetrov?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/316670/63457/42727323/s65_roman.petrov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":547,"name":"Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":12396,"name":"Post-Soviet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Soviet_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":15167,"name":"European Union Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":16883,"name":"Central Eurasian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Eurasian_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":32684,"name":"External Relations of the EU","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/External_Relations_of_the_EU?f_ri=28046"},{"id":40062,"name":"European Union external relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_external_relations?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22993463" data-work_id="22993463" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22993463/Unravelling_African_Integration_Physical_Infrastructure_Energy_ICT_and_Trade_the_Greater_Horn_and_the_Great_Lakes_of_Africa_A_Comparative_Case_Study_RP_Vol_IX_No_XXII_MMXVI">Unravelling African Integration Physical Infrastructure, Energy, ICT & Trade: the Greater Horn & the Great Lakes of Africa -A Comparative Case Study RP Vol. IX No. XXII, MMXVI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Précis Africa faces the usual panoply of challenges endemic in developing countries with too few instruments and too few resources, while also grappling with the perennial problem of managing development. These are sequencing of policy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22993463" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Précis <br />Africa faces the usual panoply of challenges endemic in developing countries with too few instruments and too few resources, while also grappling with the perennial problem of managing development. These are sequencing of policy reforms, all subject to the political constraints of containing the disruptive impacts of policy reforms to acceptable levels. This is a particularly important problem for Africa given the very narrow margins for manoeuvre imposed by fiscal and external deficits, subsistence levels of household income for much of the population and a complex political weave in the regions social fabric. Getting the priorities right and managing change are thus particularly vital issues for African integration. Hence, infrastructure development (energy, ICT, roads, railways, hydro dams, power transmission and industry – sugar factories, metallurgy, fertilizer plants…), a consumer goods revolution is just beginning in much of Africa. Emerging export industries—in mining, manufacturing and exportable services— are already making their mark as sources of growth in the economy and will soon overtake traditional foreign exchange earnings from minerals and agricultural goods. However, two overwhelming pressures in Africa's current economic climate—inflation and challenging new regulations—are putting strains on private business and could potentially dent the country's positive growth prospects. Hence, Africa should modify regulatory policies that inflate business costs and depress urban consumer incomes, go for bolder and more unconventional agricultural policies and put in place a smarter set of policies for the financial sector. Much of the public investment laid out in the two cases are needed, justified , and on the whole appropriate, but how such investment is to be financed remains only partially addressed and the issue of who should carry out the investments is—in at least three specific cases—quite questionable. The case for government investments in public goods such as roads and power infrastructure is undeniable, as it is laying the essential founda-tions—the necessary conduits and circuitry—of a modern economy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22993463" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="497c0a9eceadead5c9ef0f3ec42854b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44716478,"asset_id":22993463,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44716478/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1307420" href="https://addisababa.academia.edu/Costantinos">Costantinos Berhutesfa Costantinos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1307420" type="text/json">{"id":1307420,"first_name":"Costantinos Berhutesfa","last_name":"Costantinos","domain_name":"addisababa","page_name":"Costantinos","display_name":"Costantinos Berhutesfa Costantinos","profile_url":"https://addisababa.academia.edu/Costantinos?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1307420/482988/9555521/s65_costantinos_berhutesfa.costantinos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22993463 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22993463"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22993463, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22993463", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22993463 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22993463; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22993463"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22993463 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22993463"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22993463; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22993463]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22993463").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22993463").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22993463"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22993463]'), work: {"id":22993463,"title":"Unravelling African Integration Physical Infrastructure, Energy, ICT \u0026 Trade: the Greater Horn \u0026 the Great Lakes of Africa -A Comparative Case Study RP Vol. IX No. XXII, MMXVI","created_at":"2016-03-08T08:02:18.327-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22993463/Unravelling_African_Integration_Physical_Infrastructure_Energy_ICT_and_Trade_the_Greater_Horn_and_the_Great_Lakes_of_Africa_A_Comparative_Case_Study_RP_Vol_IX_No_XXII_MMXVI?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_22993463","summary":"Précis \nAfrica faces the usual panoply of challenges endemic in developing countries with too few instruments and too few resources, while also grappling with the perennial problem of managing development. These are sequencing of policy reforms, all subject to the political constraints of containing the disruptive impacts of policy reforms to acceptable levels. This is a particularly important problem for Africa given the very narrow margins for manoeuvre imposed by fiscal and external deficits, subsistence levels of household income for much of the population and a complex political weave in the regions social fabric. Getting the priorities right and managing change are thus particularly vital issues for African integration. Hence, infrastructure development (energy, ICT, roads, railways, hydro dams, power transmission and industry – sugar factories, metallurgy, fertilizer plants…), a consumer goods revolution is just beginning in much of Africa. Emerging export industries—in mining, manufacturing and exportable services— are already making their mark as sources of growth in the economy and will soon overtake traditional foreign exchange earnings from minerals and agricultural goods. However, two overwhelming pressures in Africa's current economic climate—inflation and challenging new regulations—are putting strains on private business and could potentially dent the country's positive growth prospects. Hence, Africa should modify regulatory policies that inflate business costs and depress urban consumer incomes, go for bolder and more unconventional agricultural policies and put in place a smarter set of policies for the financial sector. Much of the public investment laid out in the two cases are needed, justified , and on the whole appropriate, but how such investment is to be financed remains only partially addressed and the issue of who should carry out the investments is—in at least three specific cases—quite questionable. The case for government investments in public goods such as roads and power infrastructure is undeniable, as it is laying the essential founda-tions—the necessary conduits and circuitry—of a modern economy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44716478,"asset_id":22993463,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1307420,"first_name":"Costantinos Berhutesfa","last_name":"Costantinos","domain_name":"addisababa","page_name":"Costantinos","display_name":"Costantinos Berhutesfa Costantinos","profile_url":"https://addisababa.academia.edu/Costantinos?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1307420/482988/9555521/s65_costantinos_berhutesfa.costantinos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14476900" data-work_id="14476900" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14476900/CARDUCCI_Michele_MAZZUOLI_Valerio_de_Oliveira_Teoria_tridimensional_das_integra%C3%A7%C3%B5es_supranacionais_uma_an%C3%A1lise_comparativa_dos_sistemas_e_modelos_de_integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Europa_e_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_Rio_de_Janeiro_Forense_2014_pr%C3%A9_textuais_">CARDUCCI, Michele; MAZZUOLI, Valerio de Oliveira. Teoria tridimensional das integrações supranacionais: uma análise comparativa dos sistemas e modelos de integração da Europa e América Latina. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 2014 [pré-textuais].</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Os sistemas e modelos de integração supranacional da Europa e da América Latina contêm diferenças e similitudes ainda pouco exploradas no plano do Direito Comparado, sobretudo na literatura jurídica latino-americana. A análise profunda... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14476900" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Os sistemas e modelos de integração supranacional da Europa e da América Latina contêm diferenças e similitudes ainda pouco exploradas no plano do Direito Comparado, sobretudo na literatura jurídica latino-americana. A análise profunda desses sistemas e de suas interligações permite desenvolver uma teoria tridimensional das integrações supranacionais, capaz de abranger três contextos precisamente delineados: o europeu, o centro-americano e o sul-americano. Para tanto, a obra analisa as formas e modelos de supranacionalidade existentes, a questão das “hierarquias interligadas” e da “verticalização” em matéria de direitos humanos, o tema do controle de convencionalidade das leis, a especificidade centro-americana em sua abordagem Pick and Choose, o Judicial Branch nas integrações tridimensionais, a função constitucional da prejudicialidade supranacional, bem assim os novos desafios para a tridimensionalidade europeia a partir do Protocolo 16 à Convenção Europeia de Direitos Humanos.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14476900" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="89a367cf17aea10b5ef1f997647a4b71" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38321380,"asset_id":14476900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38321380/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18869389" href="https://ufmt.academia.edu/ValerioMazzuoli">Valerio Mazzuoli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18869389" type="text/json">{"id":18869389,"first_name":"Valerio","last_name":"Mazzuoli","domain_name":"ufmt","page_name":"ValerioMazzuoli","display_name":"Valerio Mazzuoli","profile_url":"https://ufmt.academia.edu/ValerioMazzuoli?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18869389/5245674/12575742/s65_valerio.mazzuoli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14476900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14476900"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14476900, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14476900", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14476900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14476900; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14476900"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14476900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14476900"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14476900; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14476900]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14476900").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14476900").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14476900"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul">Mercosur/Mercosul</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40218" type="text/json">{"id":40218,"name":"Mercosur/Mercosul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="65874" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Court_of_Human_Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="65874" type="text/json">{"id":65874,"name":"European Court of Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Court_of_Human_Rights?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140537" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_comunitario">Direito comunitario</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="140537" type="text/json">{"id":140537,"name":"Direito comunitario","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_comunitario?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14476900]'), work: {"id":14476900,"title":"CARDUCCI, Michele; MAZZUOLI, Valerio de Oliveira. Teoria tridimensional das integrações supranacionais: uma análise comparativa dos sistemas e modelos de integração da Europa e América Latina. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 2014 [pré-textuais].","created_at":"2015-07-28T20:58:33.673-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14476900/CARDUCCI_Michele_MAZZUOLI_Valerio_de_Oliveira_Teoria_tridimensional_das_integra%C3%A7%C3%B5es_supranacionais_uma_an%C3%A1lise_comparativa_dos_sistemas_e_modelos_de_integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Europa_e_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_Rio_de_Janeiro_Forense_2014_pr%C3%A9_textuais_?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_14476900","summary":"Os sistemas e modelos de integração supranacional da Europa e da América Latina contêm diferenças e similitudes ainda pouco exploradas no plano do Direito Comparado, sobretudo na literatura jurídica latino-americana. A análise profunda desses sistemas e de suas interligações permite desenvolver uma teoria tridimensional das integrações supranacionais, capaz de abranger três contextos precisamente delineados: o europeu, o centro-americano e o sul-americano. Para tanto, a obra analisa as formas e modelos de supranacionalidade existentes, a questão das “hierarquias interligadas” e da “verticalização” em matéria de direitos humanos, o tema do controle de convencionalidade das leis, a especificidade centro-americana em sua abordagem Pick and Choose, o Judicial Branch nas integrações tridimensionais, a função constitucional da prejudicialidade supranacional, bem assim os novos desafios para a tridimensionalidade europeia a partir do Protocolo 16 à Convenção Europeia de Direitos Humanos.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38321380,"asset_id":14476900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18869389,"first_name":"Valerio","last_name":"Mazzuoli","domain_name":"ufmt","page_name":"ValerioMazzuoli","display_name":"Valerio Mazzuoli","profile_url":"https://ufmt.academia.edu/ValerioMazzuoli?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18869389/5245674/12575742/s65_valerio.mazzuoli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":40218,"name":"Mercosur/Mercosul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":65874,"name":"European Court of Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Court_of_Human_Rights?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":140537,"name":"Direito comunitario","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_comunitario?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":208034,"name":"Integración Regional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integraci%C3%B3n_Regional?f_ri=28046"},{"id":232970,"name":"Direito da Integração","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_da_Integracao?f_ri=28046"},{"id":726422,"name":"Inter-American Court of Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inter-American_Court_of_Human_Rights?f_ri=28046"},{"id":957295,"name":"Integração Regional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integracao_Regional?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1721856,"name":"Integração regional da america latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_regional_da_america_latina?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26755341" data-work_id="26755341" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26755341/INTEGRA%C3%87%C3%83O_PRODUTIVA_PARAGUAI_BRASIL_NOVOS_PASSOS_NO_RELACIONAMENTO_BILATERAL">INTEGRAÇÃO PRODUTIVA PARAGUAI-BRASIL: NOVOS PASSOS NO RELACIONAMENTO BILATERAL</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26755341" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a276e3c79b683b6d5bc95853a2069977" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47033615,"asset_id":26755341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47033615/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2924380" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GustavoRojas274">Gustavo Rojas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2924380" type="text/json">{"id":2924380,"first_name":"Gustavo","last_name":"Rojas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GustavoRojas274","display_name":"Gustavo Rojas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GustavoRojas274?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2924380/2713557/19022857/s65_gustavo.rojas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26755341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26755341"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26755341, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26755341", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26755341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26755341; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26755341"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26755341 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26755341"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26755341; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26755341]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26755341").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26755341").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26755341"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9304" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9304" type="text/json">{"id":9304,"name":"Paraguay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paraguay?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70266" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Foreign_policy">Brazilian Foreign policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70266" type="text/json">{"id":70266,"name":"Brazilian Foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Foreign_policy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26755341]'), work: {"id":26755341,"title":"INTEGRAÇÃO PRODUTIVA PARAGUAI-BRASIL: NOVOS PASSOS NO RELACIONAMENTO BILATERAL","created_at":"2016-07-05T11:55:15.241-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26755341/INTEGRA%C3%87%C3%83O_PRODUTIVA_PARAGUAI_BRASIL_NOVOS_PASSOS_NO_RELACIONAMENTO_BILATERAL?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_26755341","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47033615,"asset_id":26755341,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2924380,"first_name":"Gustavo","last_name":"Rojas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GustavoRojas274","display_name":"Gustavo Rojas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GustavoRojas274?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2924380/2713557/19022857/s65_gustavo.rojas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":9304,"name":"Paraguay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paraguay?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":70266,"name":"Brazilian Foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Foreign_policy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":681340,"name":"Paraguayan political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paraguayan_political_economy?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42652399" data-work_id="42652399" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42652399/From_Isolation_to_Integration_The_Borderlands_of_the_Horn_of_Africa">From Isolation to Integration: The Borderlands of the Horn of Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42652399" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7930e64fa8b0b9122482616a75213f38" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62859015,"asset_id":42652399,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62859015/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="975757" href="https://tufts.academia.edu/AdityaSarkar">Aditya Sarkar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="975757" type="text/json">{"id":975757,"first_name":"Aditya","last_name":"Sarkar","domain_name":"tufts","page_name":"AdityaSarkar","display_name":"Aditya Sarkar","profile_url":"https://tufts.academia.edu/AdityaSarkar?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/975757/4377603/108487582/s65_aditya.sarkar.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42652399 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42652399"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42652399, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42652399", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42652399 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42652399; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42652399"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42652399 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42652399"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42652399; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42652399]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42652399").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42652399").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42652399"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2817" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Studies">Border Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2817" type="text/json">{"id":2817,"name":"Border Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14730" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies">Migration Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14730" type="text/json">{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27949" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borderlands_Studies">Borderlands Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27949" type="text/json">{"id":27949,"name":"Borderlands Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borderlands_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42652399]'), work: {"id":42652399,"title":"From Isolation to Integration: The Borderlands of the Horn of Africa","created_at":"2020-04-07T06:05:33.434-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42652399/From_Isolation_to_Integration_The_Borderlands_of_the_Horn_of_Africa?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_42652399","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62859015,"asset_id":42652399,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":975757,"first_name":"Aditya","last_name":"Sarkar","domain_name":"tufts","page_name":"AdityaSarkar","display_name":"Aditya Sarkar","profile_url":"https://tufts.academia.edu/AdityaSarkar?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/975757/4377603/108487582/s65_aditya.sarkar.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2817,"name":"Border Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":27949,"name":"Borderlands Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borderlands_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":32571,"name":"Horn of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horn_of_Africa?f_ri=28046"},{"id":134693,"name":"Refugees and Forced Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_and_Forced_Migration_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":249304,"name":"Borders and Borderlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borders_and_Borderlands?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3497260" data-work_id="3497260" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3497260/Institution_Building_for_African_Regionalism">Institution Building for African Regionalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3497260" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f1c83acafa36f84052aa9e6f626a3fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31237424,"asset_id":3497260,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31237424/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4109334" href="https://wits.academia.edu/GilbertKhadiagala">Gilbert Khadiagala</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4109334" type="text/json">{"id":4109334,"first_name":"Gilbert","last_name":"Khadiagala","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"GilbertKhadiagala","display_name":"Gilbert Khadiagala","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/GilbertKhadiagala?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4109334/1598042/3297991/s65_gilbert.khadiagala.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3497260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3497260"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3497260, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3497260", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3497260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3497260; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3497260"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3497260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3497260"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3497260; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3497260]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3497260").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3497260").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3497260"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3497260]'), work: {"id":3497260,"title":"Institution Building for African Regionalism","created_at":"2013-05-08T23:08:00.670-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3497260/Institution_Building_for_African_Regionalism?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_3497260","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31237424,"asset_id":3497260,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4109334,"first_name":"Gilbert","last_name":"Khadiagala","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"GilbertKhadiagala","display_name":"Gilbert Khadiagala","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/GilbertKhadiagala?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4109334/1598042/3297991/s65_gilbert.khadiagala.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=28046"},{"id":385234,"name":"Political Economy and History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_and_History?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5754314" data-work_id="5754314" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5754314/Comparative_Regional_Integration_and_Regionalism">Comparative Regional Integration and Regionalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite a growing number of specific comparisons of selected aspects of regionalism (especially regarding regional institutions and the role of power) in selected regions (particularly in the Triad: Europe, East Asia and North America),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5754314" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite a growing number of specific comparisons of selected aspects of regionalism (especially regarding regional institutions and the role of power) in selected regions (particularly in the Triad: Europe, East Asia and North America), there is virtually no systematic debate regarding the fundamentals of comparison, such as “what to compare”, “how to compare” or “why compare”. Consequently, the purpose of this chapter is to contribute to the general discussion about “the problem of comparison” in the study of regionalism and regional integration. It does not attempt a detailed empirical comparison of a set of pre-defined regions according to a fixed set of variables. The chapter will provide an overview of the state of comparative regional integration and regionalism, an outline of the main debates and controversies, and a discussion of the state of the research field and directions in which it ought to be moving.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5754314" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6abaa639066eb40cf26418698eefc040" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32782982,"asset_id":5754314,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32782982/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8363193" href="https://gu-se.academia.edu/FredrikS%C3%B6derbaum">Fredrik Söderbaum</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8363193" type="text/json">{"id":8363193,"first_name":"Fredrik","last_name":"Söderbaum","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"FredrikSöderbaum","display_name":"Fredrik Söderbaum","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/FredrikS%C3%B6derbaum?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8363193/2841249/4414589/s65_fredrik.s_derbaum.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5754314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5754314"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5754314, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5754314", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5754314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5754314; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5754314"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5754314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5754314"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5754314; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5754314]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5754314").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5754314").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5754314"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10347" type="text/json">{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5754314]'), work: {"id":5754314,"title":"Comparative Regional Integration and Regionalism","created_at":"2014-01-17T17:54:44.260-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5754314/Comparative_Regional_Integration_and_Regionalism?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_5754314","summary":"Despite a growing number of specific comparisons of selected aspects of regionalism (especially regarding regional institutions and the role of power) in selected regions (particularly in the Triad: Europe, East Asia and North America), there is virtually no systematic debate regarding the fundamentals of comparison, such as “what to compare”, “how to compare” or “why compare”. Consequently, the purpose of this chapter is to contribute to the general discussion about “the problem of comparison” in the study of regionalism and regional integration. It does not attempt a detailed empirical comparison of a set of pre-defined regions according to a fixed set of variables. The chapter will provide an overview of the state of comparative regional integration and regionalism, an outline of the main debates and controversies, and a discussion of the state of the research field and directions in which it ought to be moving. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32782982,"asset_id":5754314,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8363193,"first_name":"Fredrik","last_name":"Söderbaum","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"FredrikSöderbaum","display_name":"Fredrik Söderbaum","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/FredrikS%C3%B6derbaum?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8363193/2841249/4414589/s65_fredrik.s_derbaum.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":58259,"name":"New Regionalism Approach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Regionalism_Approach?f_ri=28046"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe?f_ri=28046"},{"id":97257,"name":"Comparative Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Regionalism?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9070251" data-work_id="9070251" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9070251/THE_EFFECTS_OF_OIL_JOINT_VENTURE_PARTNERSHIPS_ON_ENFORCEMENT_OF_ZERO_GAS_FLARING_POLICY_IN_NIGERIA_2003_2011">THE EFFECTS OF OIL JOINT VENTURE PARTNERSHIPS ON ENFORCEMENT OF ZERO-GAS FLARING POLICY IN NIGERIA, 2003-2011</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The act of gas flaring in Nigeria began with production of crude oil in 1958, and has since engendered serious trans-boundary environmental, energy, economic and health implications. This has led to the adoption of zero-gas flaring policy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9070251" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The act of gas flaring in Nigeria began with production of crude oil in 1958, and has since engendered serious trans-boundary environmental, energy, economic and health implications. This has led to the adoption of zero-gas flaring policy in 2003 in line with the domestication of related international initiatives and treaties in Nigeria. However, oil joint venture partnerships between Nigeria’s NNPC and international oil corporations (IOCs) from the United States of America, Britain, France and the Netherlands in oil production flared 514,779,616 standard cubic feet (scf) of associated gas out of 619,032,858 scf of total associated gas flared in 2011. Available records indicate that Nigeria’s oil joint venture partners prioritized profits through increase in oil production without relating oil production to the capacity of gas utilization facilities required to meet policy deadline. This study focused on the effects of oil joint venture partnerships on the enforcement of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, 2003-2011. The specific objectives were to: (i) determine whether equity arrangements of the oil joint operation agreements hindered the implementation of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, (ii) ascertain whether the budgeting process of the oil joint venture operations impeded the adoption of effective gas flare elimination strategies in Nigeria, and (iii) establish whether funding of NNPC’s participation in oil joint venture partnerships constrained financing of associated gas utilization facilities in Nigeria. The study adopted the rentier state theory as the theoretical framework and ex-post-facto research design. The study also made use of secondary data sourced from books, journals, conference papers and official documents from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the World Bank, Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFRP), the Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The study used logical induction to analyze the data. The major findings were that: (i) the equity arrangements of the oil joint operation agreements hindered the implementation of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, (ii) the budgeting process of the oil joint venture operators impeded the adoption of effective gas flare elimination strategies in Nigeria, and (iii) the inadequate funding of NNPC’s participation in oil joint venture partnerships constrained financing of associated gas flaring utilization facilities in Nigeria. The recommendations were: (i) restructuring the equity arrangements of the oil joint venture partners in order to effectively implement zero-gas flaring policy, (ii) reforming the budgeting process of the joint venture operators for adopting effective gas flaring elimination strategies, and (iii) sufficient funding of NNPC participation in the joint venture partnerships necessary for adequately financing associated gas utilization projects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9070251" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5c46ec49a015c16bf9df304ba86dc7df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35370822,"asset_id":9070251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35370822/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4376436" href="https://fuo.academia.edu/ErnestAniche">Ernest Aniche</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4376436" type="text/json">{"id":4376436,"first_name":"Ernest","last_name":"Aniche","domain_name":"fuo","page_name":"ErnestAniche","display_name":"Ernest Aniche","profile_url":"https://fuo.academia.edu/ErnestAniche?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4376436/1769005/2113359/s65_ernest.aniche.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9070251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9070251"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9070251, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9070251", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9070251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9070251; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9070251"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9070251 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9070251"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9070251; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9070251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9070251").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9070251").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9070251"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1166" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory">International Relations Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1166" type="text/json">{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3345" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations">International organizations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3345" type="text/json">{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9070251]'), work: {"id":9070251,"title":"THE EFFECTS OF OIL JOINT VENTURE PARTNERSHIPS ON ENFORCEMENT OF ZERO-GAS FLARING POLICY IN NIGERIA, 2003-2011","created_at":"2014-11-01T20:49:06.239-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9070251/THE_EFFECTS_OF_OIL_JOINT_VENTURE_PARTNERSHIPS_ON_ENFORCEMENT_OF_ZERO_GAS_FLARING_POLICY_IN_NIGERIA_2003_2011?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_9070251","summary":"The act of gas flaring in Nigeria began with production of crude oil in 1958, and has since engendered serious trans-boundary environmental, energy, economic and health implications. This has led to the adoption of zero-gas flaring policy in 2003 in line with the domestication of related international initiatives and treaties in Nigeria. However, oil joint venture partnerships between Nigeria’s NNPC and international oil corporations (IOCs) from the United States of America, Britain, France and the Netherlands in oil production flared 514,779,616 standard cubic feet (scf) of associated gas out of 619,032,858 scf of total associated gas flared in 2011. Available records indicate that Nigeria’s oil joint venture partners prioritized profits through increase in oil production without relating oil production to the capacity of gas utilization facilities required to meet policy deadline. This study focused on the effects of oil joint venture partnerships on the enforcement of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, 2003-2011. The specific objectives were to: (i) determine whether equity arrangements of the oil joint operation agreements hindered the implementation of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, (ii) ascertain whether the budgeting process of the oil joint venture operations impeded the adoption of effective gas flare elimination strategies in Nigeria, and (iii) establish whether funding of NNPC’s participation in oil joint venture partnerships constrained financing of associated gas utilization facilities in Nigeria. The study adopted the rentier state theory as the theoretical framework and ex-post-facto research design. The study also made use of secondary data sourced from books, journals, conference papers and official documents from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the World Bank, Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership (GGFRP), the Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). The study used logical induction to analyze the data. The major findings were that: (i) the equity arrangements of the oil joint operation agreements hindered the implementation of zero-gas flaring policy in Nigeria, (ii) the budgeting process of the oil joint venture operators impeded the adoption of effective gas flare elimination strategies in Nigeria, and (iii) the inadequate funding of NNPC’s participation in oil joint venture partnerships constrained financing of associated gas flaring utilization facilities in Nigeria. The recommendations were: (i) restructuring the equity arrangements of the oil joint venture partners in order to effectively implement zero-gas flaring policy, (ii) reforming the budgeting process of the joint venture operators for adopting effective gas flaring elimination strategies, and (iii) sufficient funding of NNPC participation in the joint venture partnerships necessary for adequately financing associated gas utilization projects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35370822,"asset_id":9070251,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4376436,"first_name":"Ernest","last_name":"Aniche","domain_name":"fuo","page_name":"ErnestAniche","display_name":"Ernest Aniche","profile_url":"https://fuo.academia.edu/ErnestAniche?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4376436/1769005/2113359/s65_ernest.aniche.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":3345,"name":"International organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_organizations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28074,"name":"International Environmental Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Environmental_Politics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":91141,"name":"Oil politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_politics?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71268639" data-work_id="71268639" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71268639/Brazil_and_its_regional_projection_perspectives_on_hegemony_and_regionalism_in_South_America_in_the_Post_Cold_War_era">Brazil and its regional projection: perspectives on hegemony and regionalism in South America in the Post-Cold War era</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Brazilian projection towards South America has been an important issue since its re democratization process in the 1980s. Still, Brazil’s regional behavior could not be considered as a hegemony, under the realist point of view, that is,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71268639" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Brazilian projection towards South America has been an important issue since its re democratization process in the 1980s. Still, Brazil’s regional behavior could not be considered as a hegemony, under the realist point of view, that is, exerted by its hard power. Nor liberal, considering the option for multiplicities initiatives and a low level of institutionalization. Therefore, we propose to apply the Gramscian concept of hegemony to analyze if Brazil could exert hegemony towards South America throughout its participation in regional integration processes. To do so, we have chosen to use a qualitative method of analysis along with a typical case-study to develop a prelaminar theory illustration, based upon a literature review of the Brazilian foreign policy (primary and secondary sources). This inquiry leads us to argue that there is a dubiety regarding Brazil’s regional action. Firstly, due to the lack of institutionalization of South American regional organizations and; secondly...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71268639" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a76093edf856b38aeb4b295cbac085c2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80686442,"asset_id":71268639,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80686442/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="99395414" href="https://uft.academia.edu/FernandoLudwig">Fernando Ludwig</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="99395414" type="text/json">{"id":99395414,"first_name":"Fernando","last_name":"Ludwig","domain_name":"uft","page_name":"FernandoLudwig","display_name":"Fernando Ludwig","profile_url":"https://uft.academia.edu/FernandoLudwig?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99395414/42106042/67545044/s65_fernando.ludwig.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71268639 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71268639"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71268639, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71268639", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71268639 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71268639; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71268639"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71268639 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71268639"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71268639; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71268639]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71268639").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71268639").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71268639"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil">Brazil</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9821" type="text/json">{"id":9821,"name":"Brazil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gramsci">Gramsci</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14834" type="text/json">{"id":14834,"name":"Gramsci","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gramsci?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71268639]'), work: {"id":71268639,"title":"Brazil and its regional projection: perspectives on hegemony and regionalism in South America in the Post-Cold War era","created_at":"2022-02-12T18:21:29.886-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71268639/Brazil_and_its_regional_projection_perspectives_on_hegemony_and_regionalism_in_South_America_in_the_Post_Cold_War_era?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_71268639","summary":"Brazilian projection towards South America has been an important issue since its re democratization process in the 1980s. Still, Brazil’s regional behavior could not be considered as a hegemony, under the realist point of view, that is, exerted by its hard power. Nor liberal, considering the option for multiplicities initiatives and a low level of institutionalization. Therefore, we propose to apply the Gramscian concept of hegemony to analyze if Brazil could exert hegemony towards South America throughout its participation in regional integration processes. To do so, we have chosen to use a qualitative method of analysis along with a typical case-study to develop a prelaminar theory illustration, based upon a literature review of the Brazilian foreign policy (primary and secondary sources). This inquiry leads us to argue that there is a dubiety regarding Brazil’s regional action. Firstly, due to the lack of institutionalization of South American regional organizations and; secondly...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80686442,"asset_id":71268639,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":99395414,"first_name":"Fernando","last_name":"Ludwig","domain_name":"uft","page_name":"FernandoLudwig","display_name":"Fernando Ludwig","profile_url":"https://uft.academia.edu/FernandoLudwig?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99395414/42106042/67545044/s65_fernando.ludwig.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":9821,"name":"Brazil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":14834,"name":"Gramsci","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gramsci?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":24879,"name":"Hegemony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hegemony?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":40218,"name":"Mercosur/Mercosul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul?f_ri=28046"},{"id":70266,"name":"Brazilian Foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Foreign_policy?f_ri=28046"},{"id":147058,"name":"Unasur/Unasul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unasur_Unasul?f_ri=28046"},{"id":176798,"name":"South America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_America?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69457779" data-work_id="69457779" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69457779/ASEAN_and_the_Pandemics_Southeast_Asia_Coping_Against_COVID_19">ASEAN and the Pandemics: Southeast Asia Coping Against COVID-19</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In a crisis scenario caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics, a number of social, political, and economic vulnerabilities, which were coming up in the past few years, are aggravated. This set of vulnerabilities do not... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69457779" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In a crisis scenario caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics, a number of social, political, and economic vulnerabilities, which were coming up in the past few years, are aggravated. This set of vulnerabilities do not limit itself to a local reality, since it exposes some deficiencies at the national and international levels. Regional mechanisms for integration and multilateralism, promoted by international organizations, have been an option used as countries are facing the virus. The exchange of information and data about infected people worldwide, the development of a cure, or even a vaccine have been at the top of international institutions' discussion agenda, and the Southeast Asian countries apparently do the same.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69457779" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4663ac52a8ccdbc83d55c09f98131267" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79549116,"asset_id":69457779,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79549116/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="108652922" href="https://unicamp.academia.edu/Maur%C3%ADcioDias">Maurício Luiz Borges Ramos Dias</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="108652922" type="text/json">{"id":108652922,"first_name":"Maurício Luiz","last_name":"Borges Ramos Dias","domain_name":"unicamp","page_name":"MaurícioDias","display_name":"Maurício Luiz Borges Ramos Dias","profile_url":"https://unicamp.academia.edu/Maur%C3%ADcioDias?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/108652922/26765474/36744274/s65_maur_cio.dias.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69457779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69457779"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69457779, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69457779", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69457779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69457779; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69457779"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69457779 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69457779"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69457779; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69457779]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69457779").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69457779").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69457779"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031" type="text/json">{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6746" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6746" type="text/json">{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10871" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism">Regionalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10871" type="text/json">{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69457779]'), work: {"id":69457779,"title":"ASEAN and the Pandemics: Southeast Asia Coping Against COVID-19","created_at":"2022-01-25T21:34:06.164-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69457779/ASEAN_and_the_Pandemics_Southeast_Asia_Coping_Against_COVID_19?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_69457779","summary":"In a crisis scenario caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics, a number of social, political, and economic vulnerabilities, which were coming up in the past few years, are aggravated. This set of vulnerabilities do not limit itself to a local reality, since it exposes some deficiencies at the national and international levels. Regional mechanisms for integration and multilateralism, promoted by international organizations, have been an option used as countries are facing the virus. The exchange of information and data about infected people worldwide, the development of a cure, or even a vaccine have been at the top of international institutions' discussion agenda, and the Southeast Asian countries apparently do the same.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79549116,"asset_id":69457779,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":108652922,"first_name":"Maurício Luiz","last_name":"Borges Ramos Dias","domain_name":"unicamp","page_name":"MaurícioDias","display_name":"Maurício Luiz Borges Ramos Dias","profile_url":"https://unicamp.academia.edu/Maur%C3%ADcioDias?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/108652922/26765474/36744274/s65_maur_cio.dias.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=28046"},{"id":46666,"name":"Human Rights in Asia / ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_in_Asia_ASEAN?f_ri=28046"},{"id":134660,"name":"Regionalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalismo?f_ri=28046"},{"id":183140,"name":"ASEAN Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":223732,"name":"Regionalism and Multilateralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism_and_Multilateralism?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55156674" data-work_id="55156674" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55156674/Linkages_and_Connections_A_Framework_for_Research_in_Information_and_Communication_Technologies_Regional_Integration_and_Development">Linkages and Connections: A Framework for Research in Information and Communication Technologies, Regional Integration, and Development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55156674" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="52ad28ee118d8b11e9fb2fc3fffd5bf2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71162856,"asset_id":55156674,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71162856/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48371986" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatienceAkpanObong">Patience Akpan-Obong</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48371986" type="text/json">{"id":48371986,"first_name":"Patience","last_name":"Akpan-Obong","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatienceAkpanObong","display_name":"Patience Akpan-Obong","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatienceAkpanObong?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55156674 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55156674"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55156674, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55156674", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_55156674 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55156674; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_55156674"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_55156674 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55156674"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55156674; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55156674]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55156674").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55156674").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55156674"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy">Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5547" type="text/json">{"id":5547,"name":"Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_technology-1">Information and Communication technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18814" type="text/json">{"id":18814,"name":"Information and Communication technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_technology-1?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43202" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Agenda">Research Agenda</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43202" type="text/json">{"id":43202,"name":"Research Agenda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Agenda?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55156674]'), work: {"id":55156674,"title":"Linkages and Connections: A Framework for Research in Information and Communication Technologies, Regional Integration, and Development","created_at":"2021-10-03T08:49:15.689-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55156674/Linkages_and_Connections_A_Framework_for_Research_in_Information_and_Communication_Technologies_Regional_Integration_and_Development?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_55156674","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71162856,"asset_id":55156674,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48371986,"first_name":"Patience","last_name":"Akpan-Obong","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatienceAkpanObong","display_name":"Patience Akpan-Obong","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatienceAkpanObong?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5547,"name":"Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":18814,"name":"Information and Communication technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_technology-1?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":43202,"name":"Research Agenda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Agenda?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=28046"},{"id":89502,"name":"Information and Communication Technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_Technologies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":132270,"name":"Developing World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_World?f_ri=28046"},{"id":176798,"name":"South America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_America?f_ri=28046"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=28046"},{"id":412636,"name":"Theoretical Framework","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Framework?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5794874" data-work_id="5794874" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5794874/098_Acordos_extra_zona_do_Mercosul_2013_">098) Acordos extra-zona do Mercosul (2013)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Relação de Publicados n. 1103. Relação de Originais n. 2412."</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5794874" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="29682e9768e7d2459d86a1b077874140" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32813167,"asset_id":5794874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32813167/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7851066" href="https://unb.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida">Paulo Roberto de Almeida</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7851066" type="text/json">{"id":7851066,"first_name":"Paulo Roberto","last_name":"de Almeida","domain_name":"unb","page_name":"PauloRobertodeAlmeida","display_name":"Paulo Roberto de Almeida","profile_url":"https://unb.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7851066/2776432/66447948/s65_paulo_roberto.de_almeida.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5794874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5794874"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5794874, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5794874", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5794874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5794874; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5794874"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5794874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5794874"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5794874; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5794874]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5794874").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5794874").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5794874"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul">Mercosur/Mercosul</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40218" type="text/json">{"id":40218,"name":"Mercosur/Mercosul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1186627" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_agreements">International trade agreements </a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1186627" type="text/json">{"id":1186627,"name":"International trade agreements ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_agreements?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5794874]'), work: {"id":5794874,"title":"098) Acordos extra-zona do Mercosul (2013)","created_at":"2014-01-21T15:53:00.842-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5794874/098_Acordos_extra_zona_do_Mercosul_2013_?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_5794874","summary":"Relação de Publicados n. 1103. Relação de Originais n. 2412.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32813167,"asset_id":5794874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7851066,"first_name":"Paulo Roberto","last_name":"de Almeida","domain_name":"unb","page_name":"PauloRobertodeAlmeida","display_name":"Paulo Roberto de Almeida","profile_url":"https://unb.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7851066/2776432/66447948/s65_paulo_roberto.de_almeida.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":40218,"name":"Mercosur/Mercosul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1186627,"name":"International trade agreements ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_agreements?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27103542" data-work_id="27103542" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27103542/Ahcar_y_baeza_col_can_pdf">Ahcar y baeza col can.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El presente trabajo analiza las relaciones comerciales, en el marco de las negociaciones para la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC), entre Colombia y Canadá, considerando el retraso en la implementación del TLC con Estados Unidos.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27103542" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El presente trabajo analiza las relaciones comerciales, en el marco de las negociaciones<br />para la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC), entre Colombia y Canadá, considerando<br />el retraso en la implementación del TLC con Estados Unidos. Se pretende<br />mostrar la importancia del incremento de las relaciones económicas entre Colombia y<br />Canadá y su potencial para mejorar el bienestar económico. A lo largo del documento<br />se estudia la forma en que Colombia se inserta en los mercados internacionales, y se<br />encuentra que el TLC entre ambos países constituye un mecanismo útil para dinamizar<br />su inserción en los mercados internacionales. Colombia sostiene una base exportadora<br />todavía muy dependiente de las exportaciones tradicionales, la cual coexiste con una<br />plataforma exportadora de bienes industriales escasamente desarrollada y poco diversificada<br />en destinos. Para convertir el comercio en una importante fuerza dinamizadora<br />del desarrollo económico del país se deben buscar medios que permitan modernizar<br />la economía y convertir a Colombia en un país más competitivo. El TLC con Canadá<br />es una buena herramienta para mantener el buen comportamiento que ha mostrado<br />nuestro comercio internacional en los últimos años, y demostrar las intenciones de<br />Colombia de participar en el proceso de globalización en forma activa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27103542" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="500f1b86c6f2cf415319be7160d6b55c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47354833,"asset_id":27103542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47354833/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50668911" href="https://javerianacali.academia.edu/JaimeAhcar">Jaime Rafael Ahcar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50668911" type="text/json">{"id":50668911,"first_name":"Jaime Rafael","last_name":"Ahcar","domain_name":"javerianacali","page_name":"JaimeAhcar","display_name":"Jaime Rafael Ahcar","profile_url":"https://javerianacali.academia.edu/JaimeAhcar?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27103542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27103542"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27103542, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27103542", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27103542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27103542; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27103542"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27103542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27103542"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27103542; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27103542]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27103542").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27103542").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27103542"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia">Colombia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3261" type="text/json">{"id":3261,"name":"Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54114" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada">Canada</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54114" type="text/json">{"id":54114,"name":"Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97103" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_trade_agreements">Free trade agreements</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="97103" type="text/json">{"id":97103,"name":"Free trade agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_trade_agreements?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27103542]'), work: {"id":27103542,"title":"Ahcar y baeza col can.pdf","created_at":"2016-07-19T09:06:47.300-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27103542/Ahcar_y_baeza_col_can_pdf?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_27103542","summary":"El presente trabajo analiza las relaciones comerciales, en el marco de las negociaciones\npara la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC), entre Colombia y Canadá, considerando\nel retraso en la implementación del TLC con Estados Unidos. Se pretende\nmostrar la importancia del incremento de las relaciones económicas entre Colombia y\nCanadá y su potencial para mejorar el bienestar económico. A lo largo del documento\nse estudia la forma en que Colombia se inserta en los mercados internacionales, y se\nencuentra que el TLC entre ambos países constituye un mecanismo útil para dinamizar\nsu inserción en los mercados internacionales. Colombia sostiene una base exportadora\ntodavía muy dependiente de las exportaciones tradicionales, la cual coexiste con una\nplataforma exportadora de bienes industriales escasamente desarrollada y poco diversificada\nen destinos. Para convertir el comercio en una importante fuerza dinamizadora\ndel desarrollo económico del país se deben buscar medios que permitan modernizar\nla economía y convertir a Colombia en un país más competitivo. El TLC con Canadá\nes una buena herramienta para mantener el buen comportamiento que ha mostrado\nnuestro comercio internacional en los últimos años, y demostrar las intenciones de\nColombia de participar en el proceso de globalización en forma activa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47354833,"asset_id":27103542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50668911,"first_name":"Jaime Rafael","last_name":"Ahcar","domain_name":"javerianacali","page_name":"JaimeAhcar","display_name":"Jaime Rafael Ahcar","profile_url":"https://javerianacali.academia.edu/JaimeAhcar?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3261,"name":"Colombia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colombia?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":54114,"name":"Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":97103,"name":"Free trade agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_trade_agreements?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8975129" data-work_id="8975129" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8975129/Cross_border_metropolitan_integration_in_Europe">Cross-border metropolitan integration in Europe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8975129" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06155d54c69bcb1994914110719ecd6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35290173,"asset_id":8975129,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35290173/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20041940" href="https://univ-artois.academia.edu/BernardReitel">Bernard Reitel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20041940" type="text/json">{"id":20041940,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Reitel","domain_name":"univ-artois","page_name":"BernardReitel","display_name":"Bernard Reitel","profile_url":"https://univ-artois.academia.edu/BernardReitel?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20041940/5577719/6349926/s65_bernard.reitel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8975129 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8975129"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8975129, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8975129", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8975129 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8975129; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8975129"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8975129 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8975129"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8975129; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8975129]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8975129").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8975129").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8975129"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2817" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Studies">Border Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2817" type="text/json">{"id":2817,"name":"Border Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43968" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperation">Cooperation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43968" type="text/json">{"id":43968,"name":"Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperation?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8975129]'), work: {"id":8975129,"title":"Cross-border metropolitan integration in Europe","created_at":"2014-10-26T20:04:38.053-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8975129/Cross_border_metropolitan_integration_in_Europe?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_8975129","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35290173,"asset_id":8975129,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20041940,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Reitel","domain_name":"univ-artois","page_name":"BernardReitel","display_name":"Bernard Reitel","profile_url":"https://univ-artois.academia.edu/BernardReitel?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20041940/5577719/6349926/s65_bernard.reitel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2817,"name":"Border Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":43968,"name":"Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperation?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":54259,"name":"Cities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cities?f_ri=28046"},{"id":86892,"name":"Cross border cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_border_cooperation?f_ri=28046"},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":308097,"name":"Local Authority","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Authority?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1045589,"name":"IT Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IT_Evaluation?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15775996" data-work_id="15775996" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15775996/Integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_lideran%C3%A7a_regional_o_papel_do_Brasil_na_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_a_partir_do_smart_power">Integração e liderança regional: o papel do Brasil na América Latina a partir do smart power</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Este trabalho se propõe a analisar a política externa brasileira voltada a integração regional do Brasil, a partir do prisma do seu smart power, de forma a promover a cooperação e interdependência entre os Estados. Assim, também busca-se... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15775996" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Este trabalho se propõe a analisar a política externa brasileira voltada a integração regional do Brasil, a partir do prisma do seu smart power, de forma a promover a cooperação e interdependência entre os Estados. Assim, também busca-se compreender a necessidade de buscar novas formas de influência e liderança na América Latina, redefinindo as estratégias tradicionais de cooperação. Inicialmente, será feito um breve histórico a respeito da integração regional latino-americana e das iniciativas de política externa brasileiras em relação a esta. Em seguida, a análise da integração regional será direcionada ao âmbito do smart power brasileiro, de maneira a investigar como essa atuação poderia favorecer as inciativas de integração brasileiras. Por fim, pretende-se fazer uma análise e indicativo acerca das ações da política externa brasileira para a integração regional nos últimos anos, além de responder a seguinte pergunta problema: como o smart power brasileiro poderia fortalecer a integração latino-americana e alçar o Brasil como expoente na liderança regional? No trabalho, apresenta-se que o Brasil, na hipótese de valer-se do smart power como estratégia de política externa para definir seu papel de líder regional, poderia potencializar os resultados da integração, promovendo uma cooperação mais efetiva na busca pela interdependência entre os Estados. No entanto, devido ao protagonismo econômico que exerce frente aos blocos regionais e ao papel de destaque que ainda dá às intenções de projeção internacional, o país é visto muitas vezes como uma “ameaça” ao desenvolvimento dos outros países da região. É nesse sentido que se observa que a política externa do Brasil, ainda que orientada para a integração regional, dispõe de estratégias e recursos – como o fortalecimento do smart power nas estratégias de política externa – para potencializar os avanços de integração e tornar-se um líder regional efetivo, em busca de mais realizações na integração e desenvolvimento da América Latina.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15775996" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="62112cca999d582c4903a89234790c60" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38792574,"asset_id":15775996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38792574/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8605545" href="https://ufrgs.academia.edu/AnaVedovato">Ana Luiza Vedovato</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8605545" type="text/json">{"id":8605545,"first_name":"Ana Luiza","last_name":"Vedovato","domain_name":"ufrgs","page_name":"AnaVedovato","display_name":"Ana Luiza Vedovato","profile_url":"https://ufrgs.academia.edu/AnaVedovato?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8605545/2871564/34531874/s65_ana_luiza.vedovato.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15775996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15775996"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15775996, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15775996", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15775996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15775996; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15775996"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15775996 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15775996"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15775996; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15775996]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15775996").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15775996").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15775996"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1483" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis">Foreign Policy Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1483" type="text/json">{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10871" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism">Regionalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10871" type="text/json">{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15775996]'), work: {"id":15775996,"title":"Integração e liderança regional: o papel do Brasil na América Latina a partir do smart power","created_at":"2015-09-16T13:50:38.813-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15775996/Integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_lideran%C3%A7a_regional_o_papel_do_Brasil_na_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_a_partir_do_smart_power?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_15775996","summary":"Este trabalho se propõe a analisar a política externa brasileira voltada a integração regional do Brasil, a partir do prisma do seu smart power, de forma a promover a cooperação e interdependência entre os Estados. Assim, também busca-se compreender a necessidade de buscar novas formas de influência e liderança na América Latina, redefinindo as estratégias tradicionais de cooperação. Inicialmente, será feito um breve histórico a respeito da integração regional latino-americana e das iniciativas de política externa brasileiras em relação a esta. Em seguida, a análise da integração regional será direcionada ao âmbito do smart power brasileiro, de maneira a investigar como essa atuação poderia favorecer as inciativas de integração brasileiras. Por fim, pretende-se fazer uma análise e indicativo acerca das ações da política externa brasileira para a integração regional nos últimos anos, além de responder a seguinte pergunta problema: como o smart power brasileiro poderia fortalecer a integração latino-americana e alçar o Brasil como expoente na liderança regional? No trabalho, apresenta-se que o Brasil, na hipótese de valer-se do smart power como estratégia de política externa para definir seu papel de líder regional, poderia potencializar os resultados da integração, promovendo uma cooperação mais efetiva na busca pela interdependência entre os Estados. No entanto, devido ao protagonismo econômico que exerce frente aos blocos regionais e ao papel de destaque que ainda dá às intenções de projeção internacional, o país é visto muitas vezes como uma “ameaça” ao desenvolvimento dos outros países da região. É nesse sentido que se observa que a política externa do Brasil, ainda que orientada para a integração regional, dispõe de estratégias e recursos – como o fortalecimento do smart power nas estratégias de política externa – para potencializar os avanços de integração e tornar-se um líder regional efetivo, em busca de mais realizações na integração e desenvolvimento da América Latina.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38792574,"asset_id":15775996,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8605545,"first_name":"Ana Luiza","last_name":"Vedovato","domain_name":"ufrgs","page_name":"AnaVedovato","display_name":"Ana Luiza Vedovato","profile_url":"https://ufrgs.academia.edu/AnaVedovato?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8605545/2871564/34531874/s65_ana_luiza.vedovato.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":70266,"name":"Brazilian Foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Foreign_policy?f_ri=28046"},{"id":75721,"name":"South-south cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South-south_cooperation?f_ri=28046"},{"id":132239,"name":"Smart Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smart_Power?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5226730 coauthored" data-work_id="5226730" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5226730/Cuba_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_la_integraci%C3%B3n_econ%C3%B3mica_regional">Cuba, América Latina y la integración económica regional</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5226730" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a18927510a6cf4f27df179392d86501" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35288945,"asset_id":5226730,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35288945/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5865112" href="https://csic.academia.edu/AntonioSantamaria">Antonio Santamaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5865112" type="text/json">{"id":5865112,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Santamaria","domain_name":"csic","page_name":"AntonioSantamaria","display_name":"Antonio Santamaria","profile_url":"https://csic.academia.edu/AntonioSantamaria?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5865112/2511185/2915577/s65_antonio.santamaria.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-5226730">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-5226730"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AngelCarrasco60">Ángel Carrasco</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-5226730'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-5226730').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5226730 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5226730"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5226730, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5226730", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5226730 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5226730; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5226730"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5226730 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5226730"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5226730; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5226730]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5226730").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5226730").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5226730"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="744" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialist_Economics">Socialist Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="744" type="text/json">{"id":744,"name":"Socialist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialist_Economics?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5226730]'), work: {"id":5226730,"title":"Cuba, América Latina y la integración económica regional","created_at":"2013-11-26T02:35:38.832-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5226730/Cuba_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina_y_la_integraci%C3%B3n_econ%C3%B3mica_regional?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_5226730","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35288945,"asset_id":5226730,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5865112,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Santamaria","domain_name":"csic","page_name":"AntonioSantamaria","display_name":"Antonio Santamaria","profile_url":"https://csic.academia.edu/AntonioSantamaria?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5865112/2511185/2915577/s65_antonio.santamaria.jpg"},{"id":219880539,"first_name":"Ángel","last_name":"Carrasco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AngelCarrasco60","display_name":"Ángel Carrasco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AngelCarrasco60?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":744,"name":"Socialist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialist_Economics?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":3620,"name":"Comparative History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_History?f_ri=28046"},{"id":3725,"name":"Cuban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":19088,"name":"Cuban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_History?f_ri=28046"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":38175,"name":"Comparative Historical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Historical_Analysis?f_ri=28046"},{"id":41308,"name":"Cuban Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Revolution?f_ri=28046"},{"id":44859,"name":"Cuba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuba?f_ri=28046"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=28046"},{"id":208034,"name":"Integración Regional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integraci%C3%B3n_Regional?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18562811 coauthored" data-work_id="18562811" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18562811/Commerce_et_IDE_dans_un_cadre_de_r%C3%A9gionalisation_Le_cas_du_Mercosur">Commerce et IDE dans un cadre de régionalisation: Le cas du Mercosur</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18562811" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1c88e370e5ddae9fc107864eddeb76a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40130315,"asset_id":18562811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40130315/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38599713" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/SoledadZignago">Soledad Zignago</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38599713" type="text/json">{"id":38599713,"first_name":"Soledad","last_name":"Zignago","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"SoledadZignago","display_name":"Soledad Zignago","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/SoledadZignago?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18562811">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18562811"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ufrj.academia.edu/MartaCastilho">Marta R Castilho</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18562811'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18562811').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18562811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18562811"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18562811, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18562811", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18562811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18562811; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18562811"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18562811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18562811"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18562811; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18562811]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18562811").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18562811").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18562811"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Theory">Economic Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6208" type="text/json">{"id":6208,"name":"Economic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Theory?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8759" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment">Foreign Direct Investment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8759" type="text/json">{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18562811]'), work: {"id":18562811,"title":"Commerce et IDE dans un cadre de régionalisation: Le cas du Mercosur","created_at":"2015-11-18T00:48:40.355-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18562811/Commerce_et_IDE_dans_un_cadre_de_r%C3%A9gionalisation_Le_cas_du_Mercosur?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_18562811","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40130315,"asset_id":18562811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38599713,"first_name":"Soledad","last_name":"Zignago","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"SoledadZignago","display_name":"Soledad Zignago","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/SoledadZignago?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33904934,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Castilho","domain_name":"ufrj","page_name":"MartaCastilho","display_name":"Marta R Castilho","profile_url":"https://ufrj.academia.edu/MartaCastilho?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33904934/15857797/43140053/s65_marta.castilho.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6208,"name":"Economic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Theory?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":8759,"name":"Foreign Direct Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Direct_Investment?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73602462" data-work_id="73602462" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73602462/The_Eurasian_union_actor_in_the_making">The Eurasian union: actor in the making?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">ABSTRACT</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73602462" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1157108" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/MohamedAslamGulamHassan">Mohamed Aslam Gulam Hassan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1157108" type="text/json">{"id":1157108,"first_name":"Mohamed Aslam","last_name":"Gulam Hassan","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"MohamedAslamGulamHassan","display_name":"Mohamed Aslam Gulam Hassan","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/MohamedAslamGulamHassan?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1157108/125101749/114464463/s65_mohamed_aslam.gulam_hassan.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73602462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73602462"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73602462, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73602462", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73602462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73602462; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73602462"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73602462 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73602462"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73602462; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73602462]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73602462").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73602462").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73602462"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73602462]'), work: {"id":73602462,"title":"The Eurasian union: actor in the making?","created_at":"2022-03-12T06:39:15.258-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73602462/The_Eurasian_union_actor_in_the_making?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_73602462","summary":"ABSTRACT","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1157108,"first_name":"Mohamed Aslam","last_name":"Gulam Hassan","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"MohamedAslamGulamHassan","display_name":"Mohamed Aslam Gulam Hassan","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/MohamedAslamGulamHassan?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1157108/125101749/114464463/s65_mohamed_aslam.gulam_hassan.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=28046"},{"id":16883,"name":"Central Eurasian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Eurasian_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":58259,"name":"New Regionalism Approach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Regionalism_Approach?f_ri=28046"},{"id":73178,"name":"Ir","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ir?f_ri=28046"},{"id":2610649,"name":"CIR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CIR?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69171289" data-work_id="69171289" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69171289/Climate_Action_through_Global_Value_Chains_in_the_RCEP">Climate Action through Global Value Chains in the RCEP</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The presentation explores whether free trade agreements have incorporated elements of climate action. Specifically it looks at the Regional Comprehensive Partnership Agreement makes a recommendations that climate action is urgently... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69171289" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The presentation explores whether free trade agreements have incorporated elements of climate action. Specifically it looks at the Regional Comprehensive Partnership Agreement makes a recommendations that climate action is urgently included in the agreement given its far-reaching impact.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69171289" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b3e2040ba026a107418ffdd1e41fecb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79368467,"asset_id":69171289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79368467/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="104985648" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SanchitaChatterjee3">Sanchita Chatterjee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="104985648" type="text/json">{"id":104985648,"first_name":"Sanchita","last_name":"Chatterjee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SanchitaChatterjee3","display_name":"Sanchita Chatterjee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SanchitaChatterjee3?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104985648/28706701/105497235/s65_sanchita.chatterjee.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69171289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69171289"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69171289, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69171289", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69171289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69171289; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69171289"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69171289 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69171289"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69171289; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69171289]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69171289").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69171289").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69171289"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Value_Chains">Global Value Chains</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130815" type="text/json">{"id":130815,"name":"Global Value Chains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Value_Chains?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="889234" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Action">Climate Action</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="889234" type="text/json">{"id":889234,"name":"Climate Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Action?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69171289]'), work: {"id":69171289,"title":"Climate Action through Global Value Chains in the RCEP","created_at":"2022-01-22T08:21:25.572-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69171289/Climate_Action_through_Global_Value_Chains_in_the_RCEP?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_69171289","summary":"The presentation explores whether free trade agreements have incorporated elements of climate action. Specifically it looks at the Regional Comprehensive Partnership Agreement makes a recommendations that climate action is urgently included in the agreement given its far-reaching impact. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79368467,"asset_id":69171289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":104985648,"first_name":"Sanchita","last_name":"Chatterjee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SanchitaChatterjee3","display_name":"Sanchita Chatterjee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SanchitaChatterjee3?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104985648/28706701/105497235/s65_sanchita.chatterjee.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":130815,"name":"Global Value Chains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Value_Chains?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":889234,"name":"Climate Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Action?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":925825,"name":"RCEP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RCEP?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44339006" data-work_id="44339006" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44339006/UNCITRAL_s_Engagement_in_African_and_Latin_American_Dispute_Resolution_Reform">UNCITRAL’s Engagement in African and Latin American Dispute Resolution Reform</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines the impact of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) on dispute resolution law reforms in Africa and Latin America. Using the prism of regional coordinating activities, regional law... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44339006" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines the impact of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) on dispute resolution law reforms in Africa and Latin America. Using the prism of regional coordinating activities, regional law reforms, and domestic law reforms in the two regions, it offers insights into the potential of UNCITRAL’s soft law instruments in shaping institutional and legal development in dispute resolution in the region. While legislative efforts indicating heightened attention to advancing dispute resolution practice in these regions have been on-going, continued scope for integrating standards of transparency and enforcement of awards exists.<br /><br />The essay is divided in four parts. In part one, we present a background situational analysis of the development of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, specifically arbitration and conciliation, in the areas of investor-state and direct foreign investments generally in both regions. In the second part, we highlight the various regional UNCITRAL conferences, intersession meetings and stakeholder engagements in both Africa and Latin America in a bid to assess regional and international efforts toward reform and addressing the diverse challenges faced in both regions in the adoption and implementation of UNCITRAL soft-law instruments. In the third part, we highlight specific efforts at adopting UNCITRAL soft law in the two regions and their impact on dispute resolution developments. We deliberately emphasise here the possible impact on arbitration rules, arbitration law, transparency rules, conciliation rules, and investor-state arbitration reform. In the last part, we examine some of the challenges faced by African and Latin American States in the implementation of UNCITRAL soft law, and suggest a preliminary reform menu that could be considered by UNCITRAL and other stakeholders in ongoing efforts to reform dispute resolution systems in the two regions along the lines of UNCITRAL soft law.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44339006" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="882ab7500c77147b47305d0f9674b9c4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64730043,"asset_id":44339006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64730043/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="180036" href="https://hku-hk.academia.edu/ShahlaAli">Shahla Ali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="180036" type="text/json">{"id":180036,"first_name":"Shahla","last_name":"Ali","domain_name":"hku-hk","page_name":"ShahlaAli","display_name":"Shahla Ali","profile_url":"https://hku-hk.academia.edu/ShahlaAli?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/180036/476376/600158/s65_shahla.ali.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44339006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44339006"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44339006, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44339006", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44339006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44339006; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44339006"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44339006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44339006"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44339006; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44339006]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44339006").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44339006").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44339006"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7552" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Reform">Legal Reform</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7552" type="text/json">{"id":7552,"name":"Legal Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Reform?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30008" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternative_Dispute_Resolution">Alternative Dispute Resolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30008" type="text/json">{"id":30008,"name":"Alternative Dispute Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternative_Dispute_Resolution?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44339006]'), work: {"id":44339006,"title":"UNCITRAL’s Engagement in African and Latin American Dispute Resolution Reform","created_at":"2020-10-20T22:56:06.813-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44339006/UNCITRAL_s_Engagement_in_African_and_Latin_American_Dispute_Resolution_Reform?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_44339006","summary":"This article examines the impact of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) on dispute resolution law reforms in Africa and Latin America. Using the prism of regional coordinating activities, regional law reforms, and domestic law reforms in the two regions, it offers insights into the potential of UNCITRAL’s soft law instruments in shaping institutional and legal development in dispute resolution in the region. While legislative efforts indicating heightened attention to advancing dispute resolution practice in these regions have been on-going, continued scope for integrating standards of transparency and enforcement of awards exists.\n\nThe essay is divided in four parts. In part one, we present a background situational analysis of the development of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, specifically arbitration and conciliation, in the areas of investor-state and direct foreign investments generally in both regions. In the second part, we highlight the various regional UNCITRAL conferences, intersession meetings and stakeholder engagements in both Africa and Latin America in a bid to assess regional and international efforts toward reform and addressing the diverse challenges faced in both regions in the adoption and implementation of UNCITRAL soft-law instruments. In the third part, we highlight specific efforts at adopting UNCITRAL soft law in the two regions and their impact on dispute resolution developments. We deliberately emphasise here the possible impact on arbitration rules, arbitration law, transparency rules, conciliation rules, and investor-state arbitration reform. In the last part, we examine some of the challenges faced by African and Latin American States in the implementation of UNCITRAL soft law, and suggest a preliminary reform menu that could be considered by UNCITRAL and other stakeholders in ongoing efforts to reform dispute resolution systems in the two regions along the lines of UNCITRAL soft law.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64730043,"asset_id":44339006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":180036,"first_name":"Shahla","last_name":"Ali","domain_name":"hku-hk","page_name":"ShahlaAli","display_name":"Shahla Ali","profile_url":"https://hku-hk.academia.edu/ShahlaAli?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/180036/476376/600158/s65_shahla.ali.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":7552,"name":"Legal Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Reform?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":30008,"name":"Alternative Dispute Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alternative_Dispute_Resolution?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37241920" data-work_id="37241920" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37241920/How_Does_Communication_Enrich_Integration_Policies">How Does Communication Enrich Integration Policies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">When public institutions focus excessively on their survival or on their reproduction, they run the risk of progressively distancing themselves from reality and of not serving the citizens and their communities. The West African Economic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37241920" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">When public institutions focus excessively on their survival or on their reproduction, they run the risk of progressively distancing themselves from reality and of not serving the citizens and their communities. The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) took the initiative to encourage discussions focused on the necessary complementarity among three key players in regional integration who until now have ignored each other or, at least, have not understood each other: researchers, decision makers and journalists. This chapter is a retrospective critique of the experience of an encounter among stakeholders coming from different social areas with different approaches and interests and who nevertheless need to cooperate in their everyday professional lives. This chapter draws lessons from this three-way discussion and explores how these players—those who design and implement public policies, researchers and journalists—can invent and lead discussion forums in order to influence policies that are closer to citizens' reality and expectations and that accompany integration.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37241920" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3d0becee56174d12a38e6ce8da84806" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57194359,"asset_id":37241920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57194359/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34837426" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KathrynToure">Kathryn Toure</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34837426" type="text/json">{"id":34837426,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Toure","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KathrynToure","display_name":"Kathryn Toure","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KathrynToure?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34837426/10215645/11400111/s65_kathryn.toure.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37241920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37241920"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37241920, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37241920", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37241920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37241920; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37241920"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37241920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37241920"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37241920; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37241920]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37241920").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37241920").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37241920"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37241920]'), work: {"id":37241920,"title":"How Does Communication Enrich Integration Policies","created_at":"2018-08-15T13:13:24.929-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37241920/How_Does_Communication_Enrich_Integration_Policies?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_37241920","summary":"When public institutions focus excessively on their survival or on their reproduction, they run the risk of progressively distancing themselves from reality and of not serving the citizens and their communities. The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) took the initiative to encourage discussions focused on the necessary complementarity among three key players in regional integration who until now have ignored each other or, at least, have not understood each other: researchers, decision makers and journalists. This chapter is a retrospective critique of the experience of an encounter among stakeholders coming from different social areas with different approaches and interests and who nevertheless need to cooperate in their everyday professional lives. This chapter draws lessons from this three-way discussion and explores how these players—those who design and implement public policies, researchers and journalists—can invent and lead discussion forums in order to influence policies that are closer to citizens' reality and expectations and that accompany integration.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57194359,"asset_id":37241920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34837426,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Toure","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KathrynToure","display_name":"Kathryn Toure","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KathrynToure?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34837426/10215645/11400111/s65_kathryn.toure.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":40285,"name":"Africana Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africana_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30609805" data-work_id="30609805" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30609805/The_Understanding_of_the_Idealization_and_Conceptualization_of_ASEAN_Community_Comparative_Study_between_Malaysia_and_Indonesia">The Understanding of the Idealization and Conceptualization of ASEAN Community: Comparative Study between Malaysia and Indonesia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30609805" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54f4da27323097bddaa91d969ba1cf46" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51057120,"asset_id":30609805,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51057120/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43366762" href="https://explura.academia.edu/KamarulnizamAbdullah">Kamarulnizam Abdullah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43366762" type="text/json">{"id":43366762,"first_name":"Kamarulnizam","last_name":"Abdullah","domain_name":"explura","page_name":"KamarulnizamAbdullah","display_name":"Kamarulnizam Abdullah","profile_url":"https://explura.academia.edu/KamarulnizamAbdullah?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43366762/15273974/66398190/s65_kamarulnizam.abdullah.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30609805 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30609805"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30609805, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30609805", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30609805 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30609805; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30609805"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30609805 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30609805"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30609805; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30609805]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30609805").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30609805").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30609805"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031" type="text/json">{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1116" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion">Public Opinion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1116" type="text/json">{"id":1116,"name":"Public Opinion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6746" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6746" type="text/json">{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30609805]'), work: {"id":30609805,"title":"The Understanding of the Idealization and Conceptualization of ASEAN Community: Comparative Study between Malaysia and Indonesia","created_at":"2016-12-25T23:16:15.389-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30609805/The_Understanding_of_the_Idealization_and_Conceptualization_of_ASEAN_Community_Comparative_Study_between_Malaysia_and_Indonesia?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_30609805","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51057120,"asset_id":30609805,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43366762,"first_name":"Kamarulnizam","last_name":"Abdullah","domain_name":"explura","page_name":"KamarulnizamAbdullah","display_name":"Kamarulnizam Abdullah","profile_url":"https://explura.academia.edu/KamarulnizamAbdullah?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43366762/15273974/66398190/s65_kamarulnizam.abdullah.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1116,"name":"Public Opinion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":6818,"name":"Malaysia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysia?f_ri=28046"},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=28046"},{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=28046"},{"id":183140,"name":"ASEAN Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN_Studies?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16316274" data-work_id="16316274" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16316274/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_2015_10_60_%D0%A7_III_C_149_152">Интеграционная активность России: проблемы периодизации // Исторические, философские, политические и юридические науки, культурология и искусствоведение. Вопросы теории и практики. – 2015. – № 10 (60), Ч. III. – C. 149-152.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The problem of historical periodization of Russian integration activity has been considered. The content of its main stages has been concretized on the basis of the analysis of historical experience. Approaches of specialists have been... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16316274" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The problem of historical periodization of Russian integration activity has been considered. The content of its main stages has been concretized on the basis of the analysis of historical experience. Approaches of specialists have been offered. Russia had the characteristics of empire. Territorial dimensions of the empire were incomparably greater than any of the European countries. Russian foreign policy was characterized by integration imperatives that contribute to the pursuit of the accession of lands within the Eurasian space. Periods of integration (attachment of land to the imperial center) alternated with disintegration (loss of previously acquired lands). The cycles of integration and disintegration in various ratios interacted with the modernization of society of the empire. Accession of lands is done through a cultural impact and bet on the local elite. For their subsequent merger with the imperial center used methods of military, political, ideological, demographic or socio-economic impact. The integration was carried out under the conditions of semi-peripheral position of the empire in the world capitalist system, and within the autarkic union. Ups and downs of the Russian imperial power are not subject to the chronological rhythm and have different lengths of time. Stages of amplification and integration are lasted: 125 years (1480-1605); 199 years (1613-1812); 103 years (1815-1918); 21 (1920-1941); 46 years (1945-1991). Duration of stages attenuation, disintegration and restore of imperial space, excluding the Mongolian (1237-1480: 243 years) and post-Soviet (from 1991 to the present: 24 years) periods, characterized by the relative transience: 8 years (1605-1613); 3 years (1812-1815); 2 years (1918-1920); 4 years (1941-1945).<br /><br />Key words: integration; disintegration; Russia; Eurasian space; periodization.<br /><br />В статье рассматривается проблема периодизации российской интеграционной активности на евразийском пространстве. На базе анализа исторического опыта конкретизировано содержание её основных этапов. Приведены подходы специалистов. Показано, что периоды взлётов и падений имперского могущества России не подчиняются хронологической ритмичности, имея различную протяжённость во времени. Выделяются пять стадий интеграционной активности и шесть – пассивности и дезинтеграции.<br /><br />Ключевые слова и фразы: интеграция; дезинтеграция; Россия; евразийское пространство; периодизация.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16316274" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c936789e46b33af0badec2bccb90aef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38940181,"asset_id":16316274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38940181/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12540252" href="https://cfuv.academia.edu/PeterPashkovsky">Peter Pashkovsky / Пётр Пашковский</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12540252" type="text/json">{"id":12540252,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Pashkovsky / Пётр Пашковский","domain_name":"cfuv","page_name":"PeterPashkovsky","display_name":"Peter Pashkovsky / Пётр Пашковский","profile_url":"https://cfuv.academia.edu/PeterPashkovsky?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12540252/3698300/4334514/s65_peter.pashkovsky.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16316274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16316274"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16316274, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16316274", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16316274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16316274; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16316274"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16316274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16316274"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16316274; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16316274]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16316274").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16316274").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16316274"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="268" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics">Political Geography and Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="268" type="text/json">{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16316274]'), work: {"id":16316274,"title":"Интеграционная активность России: проблемы периодизации // Исторические, философские, политические и юридические науки, культурология и искусствоведение. Вопросы теории и практики. – 2015. – № 10 (60), Ч. III. – C. 149-152.","created_at":"2015-09-30T02:35:42.607-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16316274/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_2015_10_60_%D0%A7_III_C_149_152?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_16316274","summary":"The problem of historical periodization of Russian integration activity has been considered. The content of its main stages has been concretized on the basis of the analysis of historical experience. Approaches of specialists have been offered. Russia had the characteristics of empire. Territorial dimensions of the empire were incomparably greater than any of the European countries. Russian foreign policy was characterized by integration imperatives that contribute to the pursuit of the accession of lands within the Eurasian space. Periods of integration (attachment of land to the imperial center) alternated with disintegration (loss of previously acquired lands). The cycles of integration and disintegration in various ratios interacted with the modernization of society of the empire. Accession of lands is done through a cultural impact and bet on the local elite. For their subsequent merger with the imperial center used methods of military, political, ideological, demographic or socio-economic impact. The integration was carried out under the conditions of semi-peripheral position of the empire in the world capitalist system, and within the autarkic union. Ups and downs of the Russian imperial power are not subject to the chronological rhythm and have different lengths of time. Stages of amplification and integration are lasted: 125 years (1480-1605); 199 years (1613-1812); 103 years (1815-1918); 21 (1920-1941); 46 years (1945-1991). Duration of stages attenuation, disintegration and restore of imperial space, excluding the Mongolian (1237-1480: 243 years) and post-Soviet (from 1991 to the present: 24 years) periods, characterized by the relative transience: 8 years (1605-1613); 3 years (1812-1815); 2 years (1918-1920); 4 years (1941-1945).\n\nKey words: integration; disintegration; Russia; Eurasian space; periodization.\n\nВ статье рассматривается проблема периодизации российской интеграционной активности на евразийском пространстве. На базе анализа исторического опыта конкретизировано содержание её основных этапов. Приведены подходы специалистов. Показано, что периоды взлётов и падений имперского могущества России не подчиняются хронологической ритмичности, имея различную протяжённость во времени. Выделяются пять стадий интеграционной активности и шесть – пассивности и дезинтеграции.\n\nКлючевые слова и фразы: интеграция; дезинтеграция; Россия; евразийское пространство; периодизация.\n\n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38940181,"asset_id":16316274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12540252,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Pashkovsky / Пётр Пашковский","domain_name":"cfuv","page_name":"PeterPashkovsky","display_name":"Peter Pashkovsky / Пётр Пашковский","profile_url":"https://cfuv.academia.edu/PeterPashkovsky?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12540252/3698300/4334514/s65_peter.pashkovsky.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=28046"},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=28046"},{"id":12396,"name":"Post-Soviet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Soviet_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=28046"},{"id":16883,"name":"Central Eurasian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Eurasian_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":27641,"name":"Soviet, post-Soviet, Russian politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soviet_post-Soviet_Russian_politics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":33368,"name":"Eurasianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasianism?f_ri=28046"},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=28046"},{"id":88661,"name":"Eurasian Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasian_Geopolitics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":102828,"name":"History of Communism; Soviet; Post-Soviet; Russia; Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Communism_Soviet_Post-Soviet_Russia_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=28046"},{"id":161785,"name":"Russian Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Geopolitics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":401429,"name":"Eurasian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasian_Studies?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12495243" data-work_id="12495243" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12495243/Introducci%C3%B3n_La_necesaria_presencia_de_los_actores_sociales_en_el_proceso_de_Cumbres_de_las_Am%C3%A9ricas_2003_">Introducción: La necesaria presencia de los actores sociales en el proceso de Cumbres de las Américas (2003)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A fines del tercer año del nuevo milenio las urgencias sociales que nos preocupaban a fines de los años noventa, tales como la democracia, la erradicación de la pobreza, las migraciones y la equidad en el trabajo en todas sus... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12495243" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A fines del tercer año del nuevo milenio las urgencias sociales que nos preocupaban <br />a fines de los años noventa, tales como la democracia, la erradicación de la <br />pobreza, las migraciones y la equidad en el trabajo en todas sus dimensiones, siguen <br />siendo desafíos más que metas logradas para los distintos países.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12495243" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6deef20183048f5a0d74c0df1d60d076" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37692494,"asset_id":12495243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37692494/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2806752" href="https://uchile.academia.edu/VeronicaOxmanVega">Veronica P Oxman Vega</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2806752" type="text/json">{"id":2806752,"first_name":"Veronica","last_name":"Oxman Vega","domain_name":"uchile","page_name":"VeronicaOxmanVega","display_name":"Veronica P Oxman Vega","profile_url":"https://uchile.academia.edu/VeronicaOxmanVega?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2806752/1404250/158375724/s65_veronica.oxman_vega.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12495243 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12495243"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12495243, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12495243", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12495243 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12495243; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12495243"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12495243 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12495243"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12495243; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12495243]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12495243").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12495243").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12495243"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12495243]'), work: {"id":12495243,"title":"Introducción: La necesaria presencia de los actores sociales en el proceso de Cumbres de las Américas (2003)","created_at":"2015-05-20T13:45:45.823-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12495243/Introducci%C3%B3n_La_necesaria_presencia_de_los_actores_sociales_en_el_proceso_de_Cumbres_de_las_Am%C3%A9ricas_2003_?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_12495243","summary":"A fines del tercer año del nuevo milenio las urgencias sociales que nos preocupaban\r\na fines de los años noventa, tales como la democracia, la erradicación de la\r\npobreza, las migraciones y la equidad en el trabajo en todas sus dimensiones, siguen\r\nsiendo desafíos más que metas logradas para los distintos países.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37692494,"asset_id":12495243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2806752,"first_name":"Veronica","last_name":"Oxman Vega","domain_name":"uchile","page_name":"VeronicaOxmanVega","display_name":"Veronica P Oxman Vega","profile_url":"https://uchile.academia.edu/VeronicaOxmanVega?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2806752/1404250/158375724/s65_veronica.oxman_vega.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9438274" data-work_id="9438274" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9438274/New_Role_for_the_Car_Terminal_of_Piraeus_Port">New Role for the Car Terminal of Piraeus Port</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A new car distribution hub in SE Med emerges with the help of multimodal transport.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9438274" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="84087d8b614c176786c7c22d58537401" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35716144,"asset_id":9438274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35716144/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2856171" href="https://city.academia.edu/AlkisJohnCorres">Alkis John Corres</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2856171" type="text/json">{"id":2856171,"first_name":"Alkis John","last_name":"Corres","domain_name":"city","page_name":"AlkisJohnCorres","display_name":"Alkis John Corres","profile_url":"https://city.academia.edu/AlkisJohnCorres?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2856171/939988/9707126/s65_alkis_john.corres.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9438274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9438274"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9438274, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9438274", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9438274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9438274; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9438274"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9438274 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9438274"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9438274; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9438274]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9438274").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9438274").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9438274"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2074" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business">International Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2074" type="text/json">{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2969" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership">Leadership</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2969" type="text/json">{"id":2969,"name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9438274]'), work: {"id":9438274,"title":"New Role for the Car Terminal of Piraeus Port","created_at":"2014-11-21T20:53:52.211-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9438274/New_Role_for_the_Car_Terminal_of_Piraeus_Port?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_9438274","summary":"A new car distribution hub in SE Med emerges with the help of multimodal transport.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35716144,"asset_id":9438274,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2856171,"first_name":"Alkis John","last_name":"Corres","domain_name":"city","page_name":"AlkisJohnCorres","display_name":"Alkis John Corres","profile_url":"https://city.academia.edu/AlkisJohnCorres?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2856171/939988/9707126/s65_alkis_john.corres.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":2969,"name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":3169,"name":"Railway Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_Transport?f_ri=28046"},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=28046"},{"id":4974,"name":"Logistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":5622,"name":"River Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Engineering?f_ri=28046"},{"id":7739,"name":"Strategic Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Planning?f_ri=28046"},{"id":9161,"name":"Shipping/ Transport Logistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping_Transport_Logistics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":9163,"name":"Shipping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shipping?f_ri=28046"},{"id":11081,"name":"Multimodal Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multimodal_Interaction?f_ri=28046"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6012699" data-work_id="6012699" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6012699/Autentyczno%C5%9B%C4%87_na_talerzu">Autentyczność na talerzu</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Sposoby produkcji jedzenia oraz jego związek z tożsamością mieszkańców Europy stały się u progu XXI wieku przedmiotem licznych dyskusji. Ich skutki dostrzec można w powstających rozwiązaniach prawnych – najlepszy przykład stanowi tu... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6012699" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sposoby produkcji jedzenia oraz jego związek z tożsamością mieszkańców Europy stały się u progu XXI wieku przedmiotem licznych dyskusji. Ich skutki dostrzec można w powstających rozwiązaniach prawnych – najlepszy przykład stanowi tu Wspólna Polityka Rolna Unii Europejskiej. Unijne miliony przeznacza się na dofinansowanie europejskiego rolnictwa, które w Polsce wciąż jest jednym z największych i najważniejszych sektorów gospodarki. Oprócz pieniędzy z Brukseli przyszły do nas także systemy jakości żywności. Unijni i krajowi eksperci jasno określili granice „regionalności” i „tradycyjności” produktów. Jednak czy to oni decydują o ich autentyczności?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6012699" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f6a23bc2d71998c5c9add852bc38080" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32958591,"asset_id":6012699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32958591/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1118250" href="https://uw.academia.edu/MagdalenaGoralska">Magdalena H Goralska</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1118250" type="text/json">{"id":1118250,"first_name":"Magdalena","last_name":"Goralska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MagdalenaGoralska","display_name":"Magdalena H Goralska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MagdalenaGoralska?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1118250/699240/35958236/s65_magdalena.goralska.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6012699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6012699"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6012699, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6012699", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6012699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6012699; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6012699"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6012699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6012699"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6012699; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6012699]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6012699").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6012699").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6012699"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1081" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety">Food Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1081" type="text/json">{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1582" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Production_and_Consumption">Sustainable Production and Consumption</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1582" type="text/json">{"id":1582,"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Production_and_Consumption?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Food_and_Eating">Sociology of Food and Eating</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3128" type="text/json">{"id":3128,"name":"Sociology of Food and Eating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Food_and_Eating?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3539" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Systems">Food Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3539" type="text/json">{"id":3539,"name":"Food Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Systems?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6012699]'), work: {"id":6012699,"title":"Autentyczność na talerzu","created_at":"2014-02-09T19:26:42.123-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6012699/Autentyczno%C5%9B%C4%87_na_talerzu?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_6012699","summary":"Sposoby produkcji jedzenia oraz jego związek z tożsamością mieszkańców Europy stały się u progu XXI wieku przedmiotem licznych dyskusji. Ich skutki dostrzec można w powstających rozwiązaniach prawnych – najlepszy przykład stanowi tu Wspólna Polityka Rolna Unii Europejskiej. Unijne miliony przeznacza się na dofinansowanie europejskiego rolnictwa, które w Polsce wciąż jest jednym z największych i najważniejszych sektorów gospodarki. Oprócz pieniędzy z Brukseli przyszły do nas także systemy jakości żywności. Unijni i krajowi eksperci jasno określili granice „regionalności” i „tradycyjności” produktów. Jednak czy to oni decydują o ich autentyczności?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32958591,"asset_id":6012699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1118250,"first_name":"Magdalena","last_name":"Goralska","domain_name":"uw","page_name":"MagdalenaGoralska","display_name":"Magdalena H Goralska","profile_url":"https://uw.academia.edu/MagdalenaGoralska?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1118250/699240/35958236/s65_magdalena.goralska.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1582,"name":"Sustainable Production and Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Production_and_Consumption?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":3128,"name":"Sociology of Food and Eating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Food_and_Eating?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":3539,"name":"Food Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Systems?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":3540,"name":"Food Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Policy?f_ri=28046"},{"id":4000,"name":"Anthropology of Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Food?f_ri=28046"},{"id":6850,"name":"Local food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_food?f_ri=28046"},{"id":6940,"name":"Consumption Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumption_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":9538,"name":"Consumer Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Behavior?f_ri=28046"},{"id":10221,"name":"Food and Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Nutrition?f_ri=28046"},{"id":10222,"name":"Food Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Production?f_ri=28046"},{"id":22251,"name":"Agriculture and Food Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture_and_Food_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":31630,"name":"Food Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Processing?f_ri=28046"},{"id":90442,"name":"Food and Gastronomy Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Gastronomy_Tourism?f_ri=28046"},{"id":99642,"name":"Food Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Justice?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53999313" data-work_id="53999313" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53999313/The_Short_and_Long_er_of_It_The_Effect_of_Hard_Times_on_Regional_Institutionalization_International_Studies_Quarterly_84_4_2020_808_820_Haftel_Wajner_and_Eran_">The Short and Long(er) of It: The Effect of Hard Times on Regional Institutionalization. International Studies Quarterly 84:4 (2020):808–820. [Haftel, Wajner, & Eran]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">What are the implications of hard economic times for regional economic cooperation? Existing research is sharply divided on the answer to this question. Some studies suggest that economic crises encourage governments to strengthen their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53999313" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">What are the implications of hard economic times for regional economic cooperation? Existing research is sharply divided on the answer to this question. Some studies suggest that economic crises encourage governments to strengthen their regional institutions, but others indicate that they lead to decreasing investment in such initiatives. Both sides overlook the possibility that the passage of time conditions these relationships, however. We aim to bridge these opposing perspectives by distinguishing between short-term and long-term effects of economic hard times on institutionalized regional cooperation. We argue that in the short term economic crises impede regional institutionalization due to protectionist pressures, nationalistic public sentiments, and political instability. This effect is reversed in the longer term, as interest groups and the public adopt more favorable attitudes toward regional economic organizations (REOs) and governments employ these institutions to demonstrate their competence and to improve economic conditions. We evaluate this argument in relations to regional institutionalization, which refers to the functional scope and structure of REOs. Using a data set that contains information on this dimension for thirty REOs over four decades, we find strong support for the theoretical framework: regional institutionalization remains stagnant in the immediate aftermath of economic crises, but increases in subsequent years.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53999313" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f462b4749b83dd084d018281d061519" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79405602,"asset_id":53999313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79405602/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61808709" href="https://huji.academia.edu/DanielWajner">Daniel F . Wajner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61808709" type="text/json">{"id":61808709,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Wajner","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"DanielWajner","display_name":"Daniel F . Wajner","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/DanielWajner?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61808709/16671020/68012067/s65_daniel.wajner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53999313 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53999313"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53999313, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53999313", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53999313 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53999313; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53999313"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53999313 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53999313"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53999313; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53999313]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53999313").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53999313").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53999313"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12054" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation">International Cooperation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12054" type="text/json">{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12604" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Organizations_International_Studies_">International Organizations (International Studies)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12604" type="text/json">{"id":12604,"name":"International Organizations (International Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Organizations_International_Studies_?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53999313]'), work: {"id":53999313,"title":"The Short and Long(er) of It: The Effect of Hard Times on Regional Institutionalization. International Studies Quarterly 84:4 (2020):808–820. [Haftel, Wajner, \u0026 Eran]","created_at":"2021-09-29T10:13:09.245-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53999313/The_Short_and_Long_er_of_It_The_Effect_of_Hard_Times_on_Regional_Institutionalization_International_Studies_Quarterly_84_4_2020_808_820_Haftel_Wajner_and_Eran_?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_53999313","summary":"What are the implications of hard economic times for regional economic cooperation? Existing research is sharply divided on the answer to this question. Some studies suggest that economic crises encourage governments to strengthen their regional institutions, but others indicate that they lead to decreasing investment in such initiatives. Both sides overlook the possibility that the passage of time conditions these relationships, however. We aim to bridge these opposing perspectives by distinguishing between short-term and long-term effects of economic hard times on institutionalized regional cooperation. We argue that in the short term economic crises impede regional institutionalization due to protectionist pressures, nationalistic public sentiments, and political instability. This effect is reversed in the longer term, as interest groups and the public adopt more favorable attitudes toward regional economic organizations (REOs) and governments employ these institutions to demonstrate their competence and to improve economic conditions. We evaluate this argument in relations to regional institutionalization, which refers to the functional scope and structure of REOs. Using a data set that contains information on this dimension for thirty REOs over four decades, we find strong support for the theoretical framework: regional institutionalization remains stagnant in the immediate aftermath of economic crises, but increases in subsequent years.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79405602,"asset_id":53999313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61808709,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Wajner","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"DanielWajner","display_name":"Daniel F . Wajner","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/DanielWajner?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61808709/16671020/68012067/s65_daniel.wajner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":12604,"name":"International Organizations (International Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Organizations_International_Studies_?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":22544,"name":"Regional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":52920,"name":"Institutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutionalism?f_ri=28046"},{"id":60441,"name":"International and Regional Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_and_Regional_Organization?f_ri=28046"},{"id":79758,"name":"Economic Crises","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Crises?f_ri=28046"},{"id":83222,"name":"Economic Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Crisis?f_ri=28046"},{"id":146688,"name":"Comparative and International Regional Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_and_International_Regional_Organizations?f_ri=28046"},{"id":211642,"name":"Regional Economic Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Economic_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":233986,"name":"Regional Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Organizations?f_ri=28046"},{"id":290023,"name":"Financial and Economic Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_and_Economic_Crisis?f_ri=28046"},{"id":313371,"name":"Diplomacy and international relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacy_and_international_relations?f_ri=28046"},{"id":378179,"name":"Institutionalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutionalization?f_ri=28046"},{"id":410429,"name":"Regional Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Cooperation?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65244381" data-work_id="65244381" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65244381/Trade_creation_and_Trade_Diversion_in_the_COMESA_Evidence_of_Kenya_s_import_Flows_in_Food_and_Live_Animals">Trade creation and Trade Diversion in the COMESA: Evidence of Kenya’s import Flows in Food and Live Animals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper used gravity model to analyze trade creation and trade diversion. All continous variables exhibited unit root at levels except for population, but all became stationary after first dfference. It was found that GDP was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65244381" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper used gravity model to analyze trade creation and trade diversion. All continous variables exhibited unit root at levels except for population, but all became stationary after first dfference. It was found that GDP was significant and positive as expected. Kenya’s Population was also positive and significant but the estimate of the exporter population was negative. All were significant at 0.05 level, where P &lt; 0.05. From the analysis, there was evidence of trade creation and trade diversion. It was recomended that the goverment to strongly push for free trade in order to fully realize the benefits therein.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65244381" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="af814ad9f6fd6317a72773c10df9e77a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76931420,"asset_id":65244381,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76931420/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="117548827" href="https://mu-ke.academia.edu/WILFREYSIAHI">WILFREY SIAHI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="117548827" type="text/json">{"id":117548827,"first_name":"WILFREY","last_name":"SIAHI","domain_name":"mu-ke","page_name":"WILFREYSIAHI","display_name":"WILFREY SIAHI","profile_url":"https://mu-ke.academia.edu/WILFREYSIAHI?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65244381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65244381"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65244381, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65244381", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65244381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65244381; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65244381"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65244381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65244381"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65244381; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65244381]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65244381").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65244381").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65244381"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1262284" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intra-Regional_Trade">Intra-Regional Trade</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1262284" type="text/json">{"id":1262284,"name":"Intra-Regional Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intra-Regional_Trade?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65244381]'), work: {"id":65244381,"title":"Trade creation and Trade Diversion in the COMESA: Evidence of Kenya’s import Flows in Food and Live Animals","created_at":"2021-12-20T23:05:22.521-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65244381/Trade_creation_and_Trade_Diversion_in_the_COMESA_Evidence_of_Kenya_s_import_Flows_in_Food_and_Live_Animals?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_65244381","summary":"The paper used gravity model to analyze trade creation and trade diversion. All continous variables exhibited unit root at levels except for population, but all became stationary after first dfference. It was found that GDP was significant and positive as expected. Kenya’s Population was also positive and significant but the estimate of the exporter population was negative. All were significant at 0.05 level, where P \u0026lt; 0.05. From the analysis, there was evidence of trade creation and trade diversion. It was recomended that the goverment to strongly push for free trade in order to fully realize the benefits therein.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76931420,"asset_id":65244381,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":117548827,"first_name":"WILFREY","last_name":"SIAHI","domain_name":"mu-ke","page_name":"WILFREYSIAHI","display_name":"WILFREY SIAHI","profile_url":"https://mu-ke.academia.edu/WILFREYSIAHI?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1262284,"name":"Intra-Regional Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intra-Regional_Trade?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55595685" data-work_id="55595685" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55595685/Persistent_Uneven_Spread_of_Economic_Activities_within_Developing_RIAs">Persistent Uneven Spread of Economic Activities within Developing RIAs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One of the striking features of many developing Regional Integration Areas (RIAs) is the strong asymmetry between countries. In this paper, we consider a three-country two-sector model in a footloose capital framework. Two of these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55595685" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One of the striking features of many developing Regional Integration Areas (RIAs) is the strong asymmetry between countries. In this paper, we consider a three-country two-sector model in a footloose capital framework. Two of these countries are involved in a regional integration process while the third is left out of the union. They are &quot;port-like&quot; economies where only one region is endowed with international infrastructures, so that imports and exports between trading partners necessarily pass through this transit region. The comparative statics of our model show that better domestic transport infrastructure helps to attract a higher share of footloose activity when trade costs within the RIA are lowered, inducing a persistent uneven spread of the mobile sector between the member countries. If the domestic infrastructure levels of these countries are both raised towards a high-quality level, a convergence process is triggered to the disadvantage of the country left outsi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55595685" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4fa4d37fd6b6301121944644c8eb71e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71394389,"asset_id":55595685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71394389/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="107270650" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SouleymaneCoulibaly18">Souleymane Coulibaly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="107270650" type="text/json">{"id":107270650,"first_name":"Souleymane","last_name":"Coulibaly","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SouleymaneCoulibaly18","display_name":"Souleymane Coulibaly","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SouleymaneCoulibaly18?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55595685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55595685"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55595685, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55595685", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_55595685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55595685; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_55595685"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_55595685 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55595685"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55595685; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55595685]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55595685").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55595685").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55595685"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15124" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convergence">Convergence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15124" type="text/json">{"id":15124,"name":"Convergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convergence?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="955444" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport_Infrastructure">Transport Infrastructure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="955444" type="text/json">{"id":955444,"name":"Transport Infrastructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport_Infrastructure?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1996238" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Regions">Developing Regions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1996238" type="text/json">{"id":1996238,"name":"Developing Regions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Regions?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55595685]'), work: {"id":55595685,"title":"Persistent Uneven Spread of Economic Activities within Developing RIAs","created_at":"2021-10-05T05:10:05.346-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55595685/Persistent_Uneven_Spread_of_Economic_Activities_within_Developing_RIAs?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_55595685","summary":"One of the striking features of many developing Regional Integration Areas (RIAs) is the strong asymmetry between countries. In this paper, we consider a three-country two-sector model in a footloose capital framework. Two of these countries are involved in a regional integration process while the third is left out of the union. They are \u0026quot;port-like\u0026quot; economies where only one region is endowed with international infrastructures, so that imports and exports between trading partners necessarily pass through this transit region. The comparative statics of our model show that better domestic transport infrastructure helps to attract a higher share of footloose activity when trade costs within the RIA are lowered, inducing a persistent uneven spread of the mobile sector between the member countries. If the domestic infrastructure levels of these countries are both raised towards a high-quality level, a convergence process is triggered to the disadvantage of the country left outsi...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71394389,"asset_id":55595685,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":107270650,"first_name":"Souleymane","last_name":"Coulibaly","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SouleymaneCoulibaly18","display_name":"Souleymane Coulibaly","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SouleymaneCoulibaly18?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15124,"name":"Convergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convergence?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":955444,"name":"Transport Infrastructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport_Infrastructure?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1996238,"name":"Developing Regions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Regions?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41911120 coauthored" data-work_id="41911120" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41911120/Regional_Migration_Governance_in_the_Eurasian_Migration_System_CHAPTER_FULL_TEXT">Regional Migration Governance in the Eurasian Migration System - CHAPTER FULL TEXT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the former Soviet Union. It examines relevant processes of inter-state cooperation and regional integration leading to the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41911120" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the former Soviet Union. It examines relevant processes of inter-state cooperation and regional integration leading to the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It argues that the EAEU Treaty has constituted a new supranational model of interaction between several states of the post-Soviet region with unprecedented consequences for regional migration governance: it has provided conditions for basically unlimited labour migration of EAEU member states’ citizens within the Union and has abolished important organizational boundaries in member states’ welfare systems. The chapter identifies certain parallels with the European Union (EU) and discusses whether migration governance within the EAEU borrows from EU experience. Finally, the chapter argues that migration governance within the EAEU cannot be equated with migration governance at the regional scale comprising the Eurasian migration system. Instead, the EAEU creates one of several partially overlapping sub-regional migration governance regimes within the post-Soviet space.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41911120" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b46462c2a6a3cfb92bab2de68cec74dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62037221,"asset_id":41911120,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62037221/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3260877" href="https://hse-ru.academia.edu/OlegKorneev">Oleg Korneev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3260877" type="text/json">{"id":3260877,"first_name":"Oleg","last_name":"Korneev","domain_name":"hse-ru","page_name":"OlegKorneev","display_name":"Oleg Korneev","profile_url":"https://hse-ru.academia.edu/OlegKorneev?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3260877/1078587/2944511/s65_oleg.korneev.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-41911120">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-41911120"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unn-ru.academia.edu/AndreyLeonov">Andrey Leonov</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-41911120'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-41911120').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41911120 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41911120"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41911120, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41911120", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41911120 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41911120; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41911120"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41911120 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41911120"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41911120; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41911120]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41911120").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41911120").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41911120"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4850" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration">Migration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4850" type="text/json">{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5102" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_and_Local_Governance">Regional and Local Governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5102" type="text/json">{"id":5102,"name":"Regional and Local Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_and_Local_Governance?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance">Governance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5167" type="text/json">{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41911120]'), work: {"id":41911120,"title":"Regional Migration Governance in the Eurasian Migration System - CHAPTER FULL TEXT","created_at":"2020-02-08T12:01:22.638-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41911120/Regional_Migration_Governance_in_the_Eurasian_Migration_System_CHAPTER_FULL_TEXT?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_41911120","summary":"This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the former Soviet Union. It examines relevant processes of inter-state cooperation and regional integration leading to the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It argues that the EAEU Treaty has constituted a new supranational model of interaction between several states of the post-Soviet region with unprecedented consequences for regional migration governance: it has provided conditions for basically unlimited labour migration of EAEU member states’ citizens within the Union and has abolished important organizational boundaries in member states’ welfare systems. The chapter identifies certain parallels with the European Union (EU) and discusses whether migration governance within the EAEU borrows from EU experience. Finally, the chapter argues that migration governance within the EAEU cannot be equated with migration governance at the regional scale comprising the Eurasian migration system. Instead, the EAEU creates one of several partially overlapping sub-regional migration governance regimes within the post-Soviet space.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62037221,"asset_id":41911120,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3260877,"first_name":"Oleg","last_name":"Korneev","domain_name":"hse-ru","page_name":"OlegKorneev","display_name":"Oleg Korneev","profile_url":"https://hse-ru.academia.edu/OlegKorneev?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3260877/1078587/2944511/s65_oleg.korneev.jpg"},{"id":5996457,"first_name":"Andrey","last_name":"Leonov","domain_name":"unn-ru","page_name":"AndreyLeonov","display_name":"Andrey Leonov","profile_url":"https://unn-ru.academia.edu/AndreyLeonov?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5996457/2537471/12011927/s65_andrey.leonov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":5102,"name":"Regional and Local Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_and_Local_Governance?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=28046"},{"id":11203,"name":"International Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":16883,"name":"Central Eurasian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Eurasian_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":62196,"name":"Kyrgyzstan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kyrgyzstan?f_ri=28046"},{"id":85585,"name":"Kazakhstan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kazakhstan?f_ri=28046"},{"id":91117,"name":"Labour Market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_Market?f_ri=28046"},{"id":896263,"name":"Eurasian Economic Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasian_Economic_Union?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22113403" data-work_id="22113403" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22113403/Regional_Integration_in_Southern_Africa">Regional Integration in Southern Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22113403" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="770fecb3fd8acf51b8f8ef65b5738f0b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42781049,"asset_id":22113403,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42781049/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23703705" href="https://uct.academia.edu/DavieMalungisa">Davie Malungisa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23703705" type="text/json">{"id":23703705,"first_name":"Davie","last_name":"Malungisa","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"DavieMalungisa","display_name":"Davie Malungisa","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/DavieMalungisa?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22113403 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22113403"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22113403, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22113403", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22113403 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22113403; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22113403"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22113403 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22113403"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22113403; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22113403]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22113403").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22113403").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22113403"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22113403]'), work: {"id":22113403,"title":"Regional Integration in Southern Africa","created_at":"2016-02-17T14:21:29.767-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22113403/Regional_Integration_in_Southern_Africa?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_22113403","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42781049,"asset_id":22113403,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23703705,"first_name":"Davie","last_name":"Malungisa","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"DavieMalungisa","display_name":"Davie Malungisa","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/DavieMalungisa?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12313631" data-work_id="12313631" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12313631/Asianization_and_Rediscovering_Regionness_from_Interstate_Relations_to_Regional_Identity">Asianization and Rediscovering ‘Regionness': from Interstate Relations to Regional Identity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12313631" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0675671ae08f97db211e8e30200299e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37591522,"asset_id":12313631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37591522/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24302071" href="https://kyushu-u.academia.edu/toga">Toru Oga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24302071" type="text/json">{"id":24302071,"first_name":"Toru","last_name":"Oga","domain_name":"kyushu-u","page_name":"toga","display_name":"Toru Oga","profile_url":"https://kyushu-u.academia.edu/toga?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24302071/6556490/7421360/s65_toru.oga.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12313631 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12313631"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12313631, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12313631", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12313631 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12313631; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12313631"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12313631 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12313631"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12313631; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12313631]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12313631").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12313631").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12313631"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5878" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism">Nationalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5878" type="text/json">{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8223" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asian_Studies">East Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8223" type="text/json">{"id":8223,"name":"East Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10344" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics">International Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10344" type="text/json">{"id":10344,"name":"International Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12313631]'), work: {"id":12313631,"title":"Asianization and Rediscovering ‘Regionness': from Interstate Relations to Regional Identity","created_at":"2015-05-09T19:56:14.120-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12313631/Asianization_and_Rediscovering_Regionness_from_Interstate_Relations_to_Regional_Identity?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_12313631","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37591522,"asset_id":12313631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24302071,"first_name":"Toru","last_name":"Oga","domain_name":"kyushu-u","page_name":"toga","display_name":"Toru Oga","profile_url":"https://kyushu-u.academia.edu/toga?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24302071/6556490/7421360/s65_toru.oga.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":8223,"name":"East Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asian_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":10344,"name":"International Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5255905" data-work_id="5255905" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5255905/The_United_States_of_Africa_agenda_From_wishful_thinking_to_ephemeral_renaissance">The United States of Africa agenda: From wishful thinking to ephemeral renaissance?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The end of the Cold War, the accelerating pace of globalization and the end of apartheid have combined to give momentum to the revival of regional and pan-African initiatives. The AU was created at the start of the new millennium, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5255905" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The end of the Cold War, the accelerating pace of globalization and the end of apartheid have combined to give momentum to the revival of regional and pan-African initiatives. The AU was created at the start of the new millennium, and equipped with a new Constitutive Act and institutions, giving fresh impetus to African integration and unity. this paper examines the root of the Pan-African project and the various attempts to revive the United States of Africa and push it to a practical stage. In this sense, it dives first into the origin of a continental policy of Africa integration. Then it explores the Pan-African agenda framed by the African Union since its inception. It finally assess the current level of the Pan-Africanist project in light of the ideal of African Renaissance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5255905" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b9824135b72588466dea01bac27562d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32436352,"asset_id":5255905,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32436352/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2724988" href="https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/kodjot">Kodjo Tchioffo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2724988" type="text/json">{"id":2724988,"first_name":"Kodjo","last_name":"Tchioffo","domain_name":"uni-leipzig","page_name":"kodjot","display_name":"Kodjo Tchioffo","profile_url":"https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/kodjot?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2724988/2689633/56151327/s65_kodjo.tchioffo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5255905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5255905"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5255905, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5255905", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5255905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5255905; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5255905"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5255905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5255905"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5255905; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5255905]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5255905").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5255905").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5255905"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3870" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Diaspora_Studies">African Diaspora Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3870" type="text/json">{"id":3870,"name":"African Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9619" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_Africanism">Pan Africanism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9619" type="text/json">{"id":9619,"name":"Pan Africanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_Africanism?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43009" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Renaissance">African Renaissance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43009" type="text/json">{"id":43009,"name":"African Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Renaissance?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5255905]'), work: {"id":5255905,"title":"The United States of Africa agenda: From wishful thinking to ephemeral renaissance?","created_at":"2013-11-28T18:03:33.795-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5255905/The_United_States_of_Africa_agenda_From_wishful_thinking_to_ephemeral_renaissance?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_5255905","summary":"The end of the Cold War, the accelerating pace of globalization and the end of apartheid have combined to give momentum to the revival of regional and pan-African initiatives. The AU was created at the start of the new millennium, and equipped with a new Constitutive Act and institutions, giving fresh impetus to African integration and unity. this paper examines the root of the Pan-African project and the various attempts to revive the United States of Africa and push it to a practical stage. In this sense, it dives first into the origin of a continental policy of Africa integration. Then it explores the Pan-African agenda framed by the African Union since its inception. It finally assess the current level of the Pan-Africanist project in light of the ideal of African Renaissance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32436352,"asset_id":5255905,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2724988,"first_name":"Kodjo","last_name":"Tchioffo","domain_name":"uni-leipzig","page_name":"kodjot","display_name":"Kodjo Tchioffo","profile_url":"https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/kodjot?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2724988/2689633/56151327/s65_kodjo.tchioffo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3870,"name":"African Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":9619,"name":"Pan Africanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_Africanism?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":43009,"name":"African Renaissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Renaissance?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":43010,"name":"African integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":49396,"name":"African Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Union?f_ri=28046"},{"id":74148,"name":"Afrikology. Social Constructivism. Pan Africanism.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Afrikology._Social_Constructivism._Pan_Africanism?f_ri=28046"},{"id":114957,"name":"The African Union Peace and Security Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_African_Union_Peace_and_Security_Architecture?f_ri=28046"},{"id":207277,"name":"Pan African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_African_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":257640,"name":"African American History/pan Africanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_History_pan_Africanism?f_ri=28046"},{"id":541556,"name":"African Monetary Union projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Monetary_Union_projects?f_ri=28046"},{"id":783754,"name":"United states of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_states_of_Africa?f_ri=28046"},{"id":954383,"name":"African Economic Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Economic_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1034492,"name":"Pan Africanism and Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_Africanism_and_Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38039406" data-work_id="38039406" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38039406/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F">Международная экономическая интеграция</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Вторая половина XX в. — начало XXI в. характеризуются все более возрастающей интернационализацией экономических связей и выходом производительных сил за пределы национальных границ государств. Для определения данного процесса, берущего... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38039406" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Вторая половина XX в. — начало XXI в. характеризуются все более<br />возрастающей интернационализацией экономических связей и выходом производительных сил за пределы национальных границ государств. Для определения данного процесса, берущего свое начало в необходимости международного разделения труда и влекущего за собой усиление взаимозависимости национальных экономик государств мира, принято применять термин «международная экономическая интеграция».</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38039406" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="18d219344b332db0beb4ad52f5c3c9b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58063434,"asset_id":38039406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58063434/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="81524568" href="https://kimep.academia.edu/ZhenisKembayev">Zhenis Kembayev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="81524568" type="text/json">{"id":81524568,"first_name":"Zhenis","last_name":"Kembayev","domain_name":"kimep","page_name":"ZhenisKembayev","display_name":"Zhenis Kembayev","profile_url":"https://kimep.academia.edu/ZhenisKembayev?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81524568/19699076/19559782/s65_zhenis.kembayev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38039406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38039406"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38039406, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38039406", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38039406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38039406; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38039406"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38039406 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38039406"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38039406; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38039406]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38039406").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38039406").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38039406"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16681" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration">Economic integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16681" type="text/json">{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38039406]'), work: {"id":38039406,"title":"Международная экономическая интеграция","created_at":"2018-12-25T21:45:28.389-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38039406/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_38039406","summary":"Вторая половина XX в. — начало XXI в. характеризуются все более\nвозрастающей интернационализацией экономических связей и выходом производительных сил за пределы национальных границ государств. Для определения данного процесса, берущего свое начало в необходимости международного разделения труда и влекущего за собой усиление взаимозависимости национальных экономик государств мира, принято применять термин «международная экономическая интеграция».","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58063434,"asset_id":38039406,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":81524568,"first_name":"Zhenis","last_name":"Kembayev","domain_name":"kimep","page_name":"ZhenisKembayev","display_name":"Zhenis Kembayev","profile_url":"https://kimep.academia.edu/ZhenisKembayev?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81524568/19699076/19559782/s65_zhenis.kembayev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16681,"name":"Economic integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36829008" data-work_id="36829008" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36829008/International_migration_and_official_migration_statistics_in_Hungary">International migration and official migration statistics in Hungary</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The challenges that official migration statistics face in the 21st century are manifold. In line with intensifying globalisation processes, and new patterns and types of migration, new routes and new migrant identities... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36829008" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The  challenges  that  official  migration  statistics face in the 21st century are manifold. In line with intensifying globalisation processes, and new patterns  and  types  of  migration,  new  routes  and new  migrant  identities  have  been  emerging. However,  the new trends also  offer  new, potentially usable data sources, tools, and methods for <br />the measurement of this changing phenomenon. Attempting to  provide  an  overview  of  the Hungarian migration statistical system, the aim of this paper  is  to  promote  interdisciplinary  scientific dialogue  on <br />migration  and share  some  of  the most  important  figures  and  trends  of  international  migration  in  Hungary,  highlighting  its  remarkable  geographical  aspects  in  the  European context,  and  the  peculiarities,  challenges,  and opportunities of its measurement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36829008" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c97e97420117963c755a4131ecbeeac6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56780817,"asset_id":36829008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56780817/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7292782" href="https://ksh.academia.edu/RegionalStatistics">Regional Statistics</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7292782" type="text/json">{"id":7292782,"first_name":"Regional","last_name":"Statistics","domain_name":"ksh","page_name":"RegionalStatistics","display_name":"Regional Statistics","profile_url":"https://ksh.academia.edu/RegionalStatistics?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7292782/2703898/3147784/s65_regional.statistics.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36829008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36829008"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36829008, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36829008", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36829008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36829008; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36829008"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36829008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36829008"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36829008; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36829008]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36829008").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36829008").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36829008"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">46</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="279" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Geography">Regional Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="279" type="text/json">{"id":279,"name":"Regional Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Geography">Economic Geography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="728" type="text/json">{"id":728,"name":"Economic Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36829008]'), work: {"id":36829008,"title":"International migration and official migration statistics in Hungary","created_at":"2018-06-12T05:19:23.360-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36829008/International_migration_and_official_migration_statistics_in_Hungary?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_36829008","summary":"The challenges that official migration statistics face in the 21st century are manifold. In line with intensifying globalisation processes, and new patterns and types of migration, new routes and new migrant identities have been emerging. However, the new trends also offer new, potentially usable data sources, tools, and methods for \nthe measurement of this changing phenomenon. Attempting to provide an overview of the Hungarian migration statistical system, the aim of this paper is to promote interdisciplinary scientific dialogue on \nmigration and share some of the most important figures and trends of international migration in Hungary, highlighting its remarkable geographical aspects in the European context, and the peculiarities, challenges, and opportunities of its measurement.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56780817,"asset_id":36829008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7292782,"first_name":"Regional","last_name":"Statistics","domain_name":"ksh","page_name":"RegionalStatistics","display_name":"Regional Statistics","profile_url":"https://ksh.academia.edu/RegionalStatistics?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7292782/2703898/3147784/s65_regional.statistics.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":279,"name":"Regional Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":728,"name":"Economic Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1362,"name":"Spatial Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1714,"name":"Regional Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Sciences?f_ri=28046"},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":3265,"name":"Regional Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Science?f_ri=28046"},{"id":3473,"name":"Hungarian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hungarian?f_ri=28046"},{"id":4060,"name":"Applied Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Statistics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":4850,"name":"Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":6326,"name":"Central European history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_European_history?f_ri=28046"},{"id":7313,"name":"Labor Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Migration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":8888,"name":"Regional Planning/Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Planning_Development?f_ri=28046"},{"id":9191,"name":"Network Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Analysis?f_ri=28046"},{"id":10871,"name":"Regionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism?f_ri=28046"},{"id":11180,"name":"History of Hungary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Hungary?f_ri=28046"},{"id":11203,"name":"International Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":12047,"name":"Regional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_development?f_ri=28046"},{"id":13395,"name":"Hungarian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hungarian_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":15198,"name":"Spatial Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Statistics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":16471,"name":"Sociology of Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Migration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":16472,"name":"Transnational migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_migration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=28046"},{"id":20998,"name":"Central European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_European_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":22544,"name":"Regional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":23056,"name":"Geo-spatial analysis with GIS and GPS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geo-spatial_analysis_with_GIS_and_GPS?f_ri=28046"},{"id":23565,"name":"Regional Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Economics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":43330,"name":"Regional economic development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_economic_development?f_ri=28046"},{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=28046"},{"id":48036,"name":"International Migration and Immigration Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration_and_Immigration_Policy?f_ri=28046"},{"id":64336,"name":"Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population?f_ri=28046"},{"id":65470,"name":"City and Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/City_and_Regional_Planning?f_ri=28046"},{"id":72627,"name":"Spatial planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_planning?f_ri=28046"},{"id":73569,"name":"Geografia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geografia?f_ri=28046"},{"id":79986,"name":"Spatial demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_demography?f_ri=28046"},{"id":81896,"name":"Hungary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hungary?f_ri=28046"},{"id":108964,"name":"International Labour Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Labour_Migration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":114070,"name":"Applied Spatial Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Spatial_Statistics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":145448,"name":"Population Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":200230,"name":"Sustainable Neighbourhoods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Neighbourhoods?f_ri=28046"},{"id":619868,"name":"Regional geography and regional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_geography_and_regional_development?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1009312,"name":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3534037 coauthored" data-work_id="3534037" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3534037/%CE%97_%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%95%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE%CF%82_2014_2020_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91_and_%CE%91%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92_The_new_Economic_Social_and_Territorial_Cohesion_Policy_2014_2020_an_initial_analysis_and_critique"> Η νέα Πολιτική Οικονομικής, Κοινωνικής και Εδαφικής Συνοχής 2014-2020: Μια πρώτη ανάλυση και κριτική , (Κουρτέσης, Α & Αυδίκος, Β.) The new Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion Policy 2014-2020: an initial analysis and critique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Περίληψη Το άρθρο παρουσιάζει και αναλύει τις προτάσεις της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής για την πολιτική Οικονομικής, Κοινωνικής και Εδαφικής Συνοχής, για την νέα προγραμματική περίοδο 2014-2020, όπως αυτές διαμορφώθηκαν μετά το Ευρωπαϊκό... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3534037" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Περίληψη <br />Το άρθρο παρουσιάζει και αναλύει τις προτάσεις της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής για την πολιτική Οικονομικής, Κοινωνικής και Εδαφικής Συνοχής, για την νέα προγραμματική περίοδο 2014-2020, όπως αυτές διαμορφώθηκαν μετά το Ευρωπαϊκό Συμβούλιο του Φεβρουαρίου 2013. Στο πρώτο τμήμα του άρθρου αναλύονται τα ποσοτικά χαρακτηριστικά της νέας πολιτικής Συνοχής (νέα ταξινόμηση περιφερειών, ποσά και διάρθρωση των ενισχύσεων ανά κατηγορία περιφέρειας, κλπ) και οι διαφαινόμενες επιπτώσεις στην περίπτωση της Ελλάδας και των ελληνικών περιφερειών. Στο δεύτερο τμήμα  αναλύονται οι προτεινόμενες μεταβολές στο θεσμικό και κανονιστικό πλαίσιο της Πολιτικής Συνοχής για την νέα προγραμματική περίοδο 2014-2020, ενώ στο τρίτο και τελευταίο τμήμα ακολουθεί μια συνθετική συζήτηση των ανωτέρω, που στοχεύει να αναδείξει τις αντιθέσεις του νέου πολιτικού και οικονομικού τοπίου της Πολιτικής Συνοχής της ΕΕ-27. <br /> <br />Abstract <br />The article presents and analyzes the European Commission proposals of the Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion Policy for the new programming period 2014-2020. The first part of the article analyzes the quantitative elements of the EU Cohesion policy as they were decided at the European Council of February 2013 (e.g. new classification for the regions, the overall amounts and the structure of the financial aid, etc) and their likely impacts for Greece and its regions. The second part analyzes the proposed changes in the institutional and regulatory framework of the Cohesion Policy for the new programming period 2014-2020, while the third and final part attempts a synthesis of the findings of the two parts which aims to shed some light at certain contrasts of the new political and economic landscape of the EU’s-27 Cohesion Policy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3534037" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb05a5140ab7041deef84d0d95d6536b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32191943,"asset_id":3534037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32191943/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33201508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArtemiosKourtesis">Artemios Kourtesis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33201508" type="text/json">{"id":33201508,"first_name":"Artemios","last_name":"Kourtesis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArtemiosKourtesis","display_name":"Artemios Kourtesis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArtemiosKourtesis?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-3534037">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-3534037"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://panteion.academia.edu/VasilisAvdikos">Vasilis Avdikos</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-3534037'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-3534037').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3534037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3534037"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3534037, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3534037", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3534037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3534037; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3534037"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3534037 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3534037"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3534037; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3534037]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3534037").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3534037").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3534037"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography">Urban Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="277" type="text/json">{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences">Social Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1237" type="text/json">{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3534037]'), work: {"id":3534037,"title":" Η νέα Πολιτική Οικονομικής, Κοινωνικής και Εδαφικής Συνοχής 2014-2020: Μια πρώτη ανάλυση και κριτική , (Κουρτέσης, Α \u0026 Αυδίκος, Β.) The new Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion Policy 2014-2020: an initial analysis and critique","created_at":"2013-05-14T07:24:35.014-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3534037/%CE%97_%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%95%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE%CF%82_2014_2020_%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91_and_%CE%91%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92_The_new_Economic_Social_and_Territorial_Cohesion_Policy_2014_2020_an_initial_analysis_and_critique?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_3534037","summary":"Περίληψη\r\nΤο άρθρο παρουσιάζει και αναλύει τις προτάσεις της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής για την πολιτική Οικονομικής, Κοινωνικής και Εδαφικής Συνοχής, για την νέα προγραμματική περίοδο 2014-2020, όπως αυτές διαμορφώθηκαν μετά το Ευρωπαϊκό Συμβούλιο του Φεβρουαρίου 2013. Στο πρώτο τμήμα του άρθρου αναλύονται τα ποσοτικά χαρακτηριστικά της νέας πολιτικής Συνοχής (νέα ταξινόμηση περιφερειών, ποσά και διάρθρωση των ενισχύσεων ανά κατηγορία περιφέρειας, κλπ) και οι διαφαινόμενες επιπτώσεις στην περίπτωση της Ελλάδας και των ελληνικών περιφερειών. Στο δεύτερο τμήμα αναλύονται οι προτεινόμενες μεταβολές στο θεσμικό και κανονιστικό πλαίσιο της Πολιτικής Συνοχής για την νέα προγραμματική περίοδο 2014-2020, ενώ στο τρίτο και τελευταίο τμήμα ακολουθεί μια συνθετική συζήτηση των ανωτέρω, που στοχεύει να αναδείξει τις αντιθέσεις του νέου πολιτικού και οικονομικού τοπίου της Πολιτικής Συνοχής της ΕΕ-27.\r\n\r\nAbstract\r\nThe article presents and analyzes the European Commission proposals of the Economic, Social and Territorial Cohesion Policy for the new programming period 2014-2020. The first part of the article analyzes the quantitative elements of the EU Cohesion policy as they were decided at the European Council of February 2013 (e.g. new classification for the regions, the overall amounts and the structure of the financial aid, etc) and their likely impacts for Greece and its regions. The second part analyzes the proposed changes in the institutional and regulatory framework of the Cohesion Policy for the new programming period 2014-2020, while the third and final part attempts a synthesis of the findings of the two parts which aims to shed some light at certain contrasts of the new political and economic landscape of the EU’s-27 Cohesion Policy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32191943,"asset_id":3534037,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33201508,"first_name":"Artemios","last_name":"Kourtesis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArtemiosKourtesis","display_name":"Artemios Kourtesis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArtemiosKourtesis?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":423244,"first_name":"Vasilis","last_name":"Avdikos","domain_name":"panteion","page_name":"VasilisAvdikos","display_name":"Vasilis Avdikos","profile_url":"https://panteion.academia.edu/VasilisAvdikos?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/423244/1168488/13675811/s65_vasilis.avdikos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":3218,"name":"Cohesion Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohesion_Policy?f_ri=28046"},{"id":5102,"name":"Regional and Local Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_and_Local_Governance?f_ri=28046"},{"id":10311,"name":"European Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Politics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":12047,"name":"Regional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_development?f_ri=28046"},{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=28046"},{"id":27137,"name":"European Union Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union_Politics?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":72627,"name":"Spatial planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_planning?f_ri=28046"},{"id":121555,"name":"Territorial Development and Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Territorial_Development_and_Planning?f_ri=28046"},{"id":501372,"name":"Ευρωπαική Επιτροπή","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%CE%95%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AE?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65846790" data-work_id="65846790" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65846790/Differentiation_in_ASEAN_ECOWAS_and_MERCOSUR_A_Comparative_Analysis">Differentiation in ASEAN, ECOWAS and MERCOSUR: A Comparative Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This policy paper explores how diverse modes of differentiation occur in regions beyond Europe. From the perspective of comparative regionalism, the paper examines how the practice of differentiation facilitates flexibility and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65846790" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This policy paper explores how diverse modes of differentiation occur in regions beyond Europe. From the perspective of comparative regionalism, the paper examines how the practice of differentiation facilitates flexibility and accommodates diversity in regional cooperation processes in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Examining the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Southern Common Market (Mercado Común del Sur, MERCOSUR), the paper analyses how differentiation is applied and how it ties in with primarily trade integration. Specifically, the paper assesses whether differentiation leads to centrifugal or centripetal dynamics, and it examines the impact of differentiation on internal as well as external cooperation. After comparing the three cases, the paper draws policy recommendations for the EU. Bart Gaens is Senior Research Fellow at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA). Bernardo Venturi i...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65846790" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="657dac1a65af7dbb42e20596345c56f2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77266798,"asset_id":65846790,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77266798/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15710460" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BernardoVenturi">Bernardo Venturi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15710460" type="text/json">{"id":15710460,"first_name":"Bernardo","last_name":"Venturi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BernardoVenturi","display_name":"Bernardo Venturi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BernardoVenturi?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15710460/4482678/38782918/s65_bernardo.venturi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65846790 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65846790"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65846790, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65846790", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65846790 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65846790; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65846790"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65846790 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65846790"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65846790; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65846790]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65846790").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65846790").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65846790"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38972" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN">ASEAN</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38972" type="text/json">{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul">Mercosur/Mercosul</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40218" type="text/json">{"id":40218,"name":"Mercosur/Mercosul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65846790]'), work: {"id":65846790,"title":"Differentiation in ASEAN, ECOWAS and MERCOSUR: A Comparative Analysis","created_at":"2021-12-24T05:10:59.809-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65846790/Differentiation_in_ASEAN_ECOWAS_and_MERCOSUR_A_Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_65846790","summary":"This policy paper explores how diverse modes of differentiation occur in regions beyond Europe. From the perspective of comparative regionalism, the paper examines how the practice of differentiation facilitates flexibility and accommodates diversity in regional cooperation processes in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Examining the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Southern Common Market (Mercado Común del Sur, MERCOSUR), the paper analyses how differentiation is applied and how it ties in with primarily trade integration. Specifically, the paper assesses whether differentiation leads to centrifugal or centripetal dynamics, and it examines the impact of differentiation on internal as well as external cooperation. After comparing the three cases, the paper draws policy recommendations for the EU. Bart Gaens is Senior Research Fellow at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA). Bernardo Venturi i...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77266798,"asset_id":65846790,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15710460,"first_name":"Bernardo","last_name":"Venturi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BernardoVenturi","display_name":"Bernardo Venturi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BernardoVenturi?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15710460/4482678/38782918/s65_bernardo.venturi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":40218,"name":"Mercosur/Mercosul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":243943,"name":"regional integration in ASEAN and EU","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/regional_integration_in_ASEAN_and_EU?f_ri=28046"},{"id":283207,"name":"ECOWAS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ECOWAS?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41117939" data-work_id="41117939" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41117939/OPINION_Challenges_to_promoting_intra_African_trade_in_the_petroleum_industry_in_the">OPINION: Challenges to promoting intra-African trade in the petroleum industry in the</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is often argued that Africa is the only continent that does not need anything i.e. many resources often traded in global markets (like agricultural products/ commodities, and mineral resources) originate from Africa. However, owing to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41117939" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is often argued that Africa is the only continent that does not need anything i.e. many resources often traded in global markets (like agricultural products/ commodities, and mineral resources) originate from Africa. However, owing to insufficient capacity to beneficiate these resources, they tend to be classified as raw materials, and countries are forced to export them. Africa is infamous for exporting raw materials and importing manufactured (value-added) products. The low rate of intra-African trade is an indication that African countries do not consume what they produce. The AfCFTA Agreement aims to address this by encouraging both specialization and higher value-added exports. It is more reasonable to concentrate on industrializing before initiating the African free trade area. Thus, the focus in the petroleum industry ought to be on constructing refineries across the continent to refine crude oil and facilitate intra-African trade for overall economic growth and development, to mitigate the effects of the resource curse.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41117939" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="971358fd93e1c2b49fc518a959a804c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61372450,"asset_id":41117939,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61372450/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4201866" href="https://uct.academia.edu/KennedyChege">Kennedy Chege</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4201866" type="text/json">{"id":4201866,"first_name":"Kennedy","last_name":"Chege","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"KennedyChege","display_name":"Kennedy Chege","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/KennedyChege?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4201866/1650444/35179427/s65_kennedy.chege.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41117939 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41117939"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41117939, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41117939", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41117939 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41117939; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41117939"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41117939 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41117939"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41117939; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41117939]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41117939").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41117939").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41117939"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3180" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade">International Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3180" type="text/json">{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17331" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_and_gas">Oil and gas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17331" type="text/json">{"id":17331,"name":"Oil and gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_and_gas?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19287" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law">International trade law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19287" type="text/json">{"id":19287,"name":"International trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41117939]'), work: {"id":41117939,"title":"OPINION: Challenges to promoting intra-African trade in the petroleum industry in the","created_at":"2019-11-29T00:44:43.523-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41117939/OPINION_Challenges_to_promoting_intra_African_trade_in_the_petroleum_industry_in_the?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_41117939","summary":"It is often argued that Africa is the only continent that does not need anything i.e. many resources often traded in global markets (like agricultural products/ commodities, and mineral resources) originate from Africa. However, owing to insufficient capacity to beneficiate these resources, they tend to be classified as raw materials, and countries are forced to export them. Africa is infamous for exporting raw materials and importing manufactured (value-added) products. The low rate of intra-African trade is an indication that African countries do not consume what they produce. The AfCFTA Agreement aims to address this by encouraging both specialization and higher value-added exports. It is more reasonable to concentrate on industrializing before initiating the African free trade area. Thus, the focus in the petroleum industry ought to be on constructing refineries across the continent to refine crude oil and facilitate intra-African trade for overall economic growth and development, to mitigate the effects of the resource curse.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61372450,"asset_id":41117939,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4201866,"first_name":"Kennedy","last_name":"Chege","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"KennedyChege","display_name":"Kennedy Chege","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/KennedyChege?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4201866/1650444/35179427/s65_kennedy.chege.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":17331,"name":"Oil and gas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_and_gas?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":19287,"name":"International trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":97103,"name":"Free trade agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_trade_agreements?f_ri=28046"},{"id":122922,"name":"Petroleum Refining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petroleum_Refining?f_ri=28046"},{"id":390972,"name":"Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petroleum_Refinery_and_Petrochemical?f_ri=28046"},{"id":797590,"name":"Intra African Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intra_African_Trade?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25313283" data-work_id="25313283" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25313283/La_Alianza_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_cinco_a%C3%B1os_de_renovada_cooperaci%C3%B3n_e_integraci%C3%B3n_entre_Chile_Colombia_M%C3%A9xico_y_Per%C3%BA">La Alianza del Pacífico: cinco años de renovada cooperación e integración entre Chile, Colombia, México y Perú</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25313283" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b15ffd2f9943af4918c690132d2f661" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45611996,"asset_id":25313283,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45611996/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6181952" href="https://buap.academia.edu/JuanPabloPradoLallande">Juan Pablo Prado Lallande</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6181952" type="text/json">{"id":6181952,"first_name":"Juan Pablo","last_name":"Prado Lallande","domain_name":"buap","page_name":"JuanPabloPradoLallande","display_name":"Juan Pablo Prado Lallande","profile_url":"https://buap.academia.edu/JuanPabloPradoLallande?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6181952/3023971/14781576/s65_juan_pablo.prado_lallande.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25313283 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25313283"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25313283, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25313283", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25313283 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25313283; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25313283"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25313283 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25313283"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25313283; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25313283]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25313283").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25313283").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25313283"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexican_Studies">Mexican Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2395" type="text/json">{"id":2395,"name":"Mexican Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexican_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="75721" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South-south_cooperation">South-south cooperation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="75721" type="text/json">{"id":75721,"name":"South-south cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South-south_cooperation?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84220" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperacion_Internacional_Para_El_Desarrollo">Cooperación Internacional Para El Desarrollo</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="84220" type="text/json">{"id":84220,"name":"Cooperación Internacional Para El Desarrollo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperacion_Internacional_Para_El_Desarrollo?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25313283]'), work: {"id":25313283,"title":"La Alianza del Pacífico: cinco años de renovada cooperación e integración entre Chile, Colombia, México y Perú","created_at":"2016-05-13T20:50:05.891-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25313283/La_Alianza_del_Pac%C3%ADfico_cinco_a%C3%B1os_de_renovada_cooperaci%C3%B3n_e_integraci%C3%B3n_entre_Chile_Colombia_M%C3%A9xico_y_Per%C3%BA?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_25313283","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45611996,"asset_id":25313283,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6181952,"first_name":"Juan Pablo","last_name":"Prado Lallande","domain_name":"buap","page_name":"JuanPabloPradoLallande","display_name":"Juan Pablo Prado Lallande","profile_url":"https://buap.academia.edu/JuanPabloPradoLallande?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6181952/3023971/14781576/s65_juan_pablo.prado_lallande.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2395,"name":"Mexican Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexican_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":75721,"name":"South-south cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South-south_cooperation?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":84220,"name":"Cooperación Internacional Para El Desarrollo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperacion_Internacional_Para_El_Desarrollo?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":97103,"name":"Free trade agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_trade_agreements?f_ri=28046"},{"id":99915,"name":"Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":195169,"name":"Integración Latinoamericana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integraci%C3%B3n_Latinoamericana?f_ri=28046"},{"id":205208,"name":"Pacific Alliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pacific_Alliance?f_ri=28046"},{"id":208034,"name":"Integración Regional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integraci%C3%B3n_Regional?f_ri=28046"},{"id":239181,"name":"Cooperación Internacional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperaci%C3%B3n_Internacional?f_ri=28046"},{"id":288499,"name":"Comercio Exterior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comercio_Exterior?f_ri=28046"},{"id":378600,"name":"Cooperación Sur-Sur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperacion_Sur-Sur?f_ri=28046"},{"id":488527,"name":"Latin american integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_american_integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":535771,"name":"Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tratado_de_Libre_Comercio_TLC_?f_ri=28046"},{"id":894539,"name":"Alianza Del Pacífico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alianza_Del_Pacifico?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1321251,"name":"Latin American Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11339196" data-work_id="11339196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11339196/The_Caribbean_Amidst_New_Regional_and_Global_Dynamics">The Caribbean Amidst New Regional and Global Dynamics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Longer-than-normal editorial for the latest issue of the Caribbean Journal of International Relations & Diplomacy. Crystallises some of my broad thinking about the structural challenge facing the Caribbean in terms of both integration and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11339196" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Longer-than-normal editorial for the latest issue of the Caribbean Journal of International Relations & Diplomacy. Crystallises some of my broad thinking about the structural challenge facing the Caribbean in terms of both integration and development strategy, and suggests some tentative ideas for a way forward on both.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11339196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="086a132aa1283e9dc03e51cc621be223" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36910972,"asset_id":11339196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36910972/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="80753" href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/MatthewBishop">Matthew Bishop</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="80753" type="text/json">{"id":80753,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Bishop","domain_name":"sheffield","page_name":"MatthewBishop","display_name":"Matthew Bishop","profile_url":"https://sheffield.academia.edu/MatthewBishop?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80753/452112/9920013/s65_matthew.bishop.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11339196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11339196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11339196, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11339196", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11339196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11339196; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11339196"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11339196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11339196"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11339196; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11339196]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11339196").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11339196").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11339196"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6276" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy">International Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6276" type="text/json">{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7945" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_Studies">Caribbean Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7945" type="text/json">{"id":7945,"name":"Caribbean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12196" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Caribbean">The Caribbean</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12196" type="text/json">{"id":12196,"name":"The Caribbean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Caribbean?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11339196]'), work: {"id":11339196,"title":"The Caribbean Amidst New Regional and Global Dynamics","created_at":"2015-03-09T07:53:55.033-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11339196/The_Caribbean_Amidst_New_Regional_and_Global_Dynamics?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_11339196","summary":"Longer-than-normal editorial for the latest issue of the Caribbean Journal of International Relations \u0026 Diplomacy. Crystallises some of my broad thinking about the structural challenge facing the Caribbean in terms of both integration and development strategy, and suggests some tentative ideas for a way forward on both.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36910972,"asset_id":11339196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80753,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Bishop","domain_name":"sheffield","page_name":"MatthewBishop","display_name":"Matthew Bishop","profile_url":"https://sheffield.academia.edu/MatthewBishop?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80753/452112/9920013/s65_matthew.bishop.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":7945,"name":"Caribbean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":12196,"name":"The Caribbean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Caribbean?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":168567,"name":"Latin America and the Caribbean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean?f_ri=28046"},{"id":488527,"name":"Latin american integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_american_integration?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61863676" data-work_id="61863676" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61863676/Integraci%C3%B3n_regional_e_integraci%C3%B3n_con_Estados_Unidos_El_rumbo_de_las_exportaciones_centroamericanas_y_de_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana">Integración regional e integración con Estados Unidos. El rumbo de las exportaciones centroamericanas y de República Dominicana</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61863676" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="619e752b321e7f36ba3cf80e2438decd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74790470,"asset_id":61863676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74790470/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="147648172" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IndiraRomero12">Indira Romero</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="147648172" type="text/json">{"id":147648172,"first_name":"Indira","last_name":"Romero","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IndiraRomero12","display_name":"Indira Romero","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IndiraRomero12?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61863676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61863676"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61863676, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61863676", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61863676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61863676; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61863676"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61863676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61863676"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61863676; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61863676]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61863676").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61863676").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61863676"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61863676]'), work: {"id":61863676,"title":"Integración regional e integración con Estados Unidos. El rumbo de las exportaciones centroamericanas y de República Dominicana","created_at":"2021-11-17T07:16:57.493-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61863676/Integraci%C3%B3n_regional_e_integraci%C3%B3n_con_Estados_Unidos_El_rumbo_de_las_exportaciones_centroamericanas_y_de_Rep%C3%BAblica_Dominicana?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_61863676","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74790470,"asset_id":61863676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":147648172,"first_name":"Indira","last_name":"Romero","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IndiraRomero12","display_name":"Indira Romero","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IndiraRomero12?f_ri=28046","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43277711" data-work_id="43277711" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43277711/Introduzione_Lo_sviluppo_dellorganizzazione_internazionale_tra_universalismo_e_regionalismo">Introduzione: Lo sviluppo dell'organizzazione internazionale tra universalismo e regionalismo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43277711" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f983b1a0a05f71f9c4d4d2d63bafa76" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63553645,"asset_id":43277711,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63553645/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="521138" href="https://unito.academia.edu/GiovanniFinizio">Giovanni Finizio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="521138" type="text/json">{"id":521138,"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Finizio","domain_name":"unito","page_name":"GiovanniFinizio","display_name":"Giovanni Finizio","profile_url":"https://unito.academia.edu/GiovanniFinizio?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/521138/183439/22078620/s65_giovanni.finizio.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43277711 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43277711"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43277711, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43277711", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43277711 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43277711; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43277711"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43277711 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43277711"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43277711; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43277711]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43277711").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43277711").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43277711"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies">European Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="383" type="text/json">{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1218" type="text/json">{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2585" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development">International Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2585" type="text/json">{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6617" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Nations">United Nations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6617" type="text/json">{"id":6617,"name":"United Nations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Nations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43277711]'), work: {"id":43277711,"title":"Introduzione: Lo sviluppo dell'organizzazione internazionale tra universalismo e regionalismo","created_at":"2020-06-07T03:16:10.701-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43277711/Introduzione_Lo_sviluppo_dellorganizzazione_internazionale_tra_universalismo_e_regionalismo?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_43277711","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63553645,"asset_id":43277711,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":521138,"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Finizio","domain_name":"unito","page_name":"GiovanniFinizio","display_name":"Giovanni Finizio","profile_url":"https://unito.academia.edu/GiovanniFinizio?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/521138/183439/22078620/s65_giovanni.finizio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":383,"name":"European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Studies?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":1218,"name":"European integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":6617,"name":"United Nations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Nations?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":6618,"name":"International Criminal Court","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Criminal_Court?f_ri=28046"},{"id":10347,"name":"European Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union?f_ri=28046"},{"id":14137,"name":"European Integration History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Integration_History?f_ri=28046"},{"id":27077,"name":"International Relations and Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_and_Human_Rights?f_ri=28046"},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"},{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=28046"},{"id":49396,"name":"African Union","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Union?f_ri=28046"},{"id":75323,"name":"Regionalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalization?f_ri=28046"},{"id":134660,"name":"Regionalismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalismo?f_ri=28046"},{"id":143716,"name":"International Relations and European Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_and_European_Studies?f_ri=28046"},{"id":146688,"name":"Comparative and International Regional Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_and_International_Regional_Organizations?f_ri=28046"},{"id":216120,"name":"Regionalismo Latinoamericano","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalismo_Latinoamericano?f_ri=28046"},{"id":228414,"name":"International Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Organization?f_ri=28046"},{"id":293022,"name":"ONU","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ONU?f_ri=28046"},{"id":408745,"name":"International Organization: The United Nations System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Organization_The_United_Nations_System?f_ri=28046"},{"id":1034492,"name":"Pan Africanism and Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pan_Africanism_and_Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36022197" data-work_id="36022197" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36022197/QUELLE_INT%C3%89GRATION_DE_LAM%C3%89RIQUE_DU_SUD_LES_INFRASTRUCTURES_DE_LIAISON_DES_R%C3%89GIONS_P%C3%89RIPH%C3%89RIQUES_ET_LES_TENDANCES_2018_">QUELLE INTÉGRATION DE L'AMÉRIQUE DU SUD ? LES INFRASTRUCTURES DE LIAISON DES RÉGIONS PÉRIPHÉRIQUES ET LES TENDANCES (2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Voici une étude des problématiques de l’intégration de l’Amérique du Sud, un sous continent de 17,8 millions de kilomètres carrés. A partir de leurs expériences du terrain et de leurs recherches académiques, les auteurs présentent des... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36022197" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Voici une étude des problématiques de l’intégration de l’Amérique du Sud, un sous continent de 17,8 millions de kilomètres carrés. A partir de leurs expériences du terrain et de leurs recherches académiques, les auteurs présentent des données de grande qualité sur les infrastructures de liaison des régions périphériques et les tendances actuelles. Cet article est illustré par neuf documents, cartes et photos de terrain. Fruit d’une coopération à distance entre le Brésil et la France - grâce à Hervé Théry - ce texte sera une référence pour les candidats aux concours.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36022197" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d31c14ec382b1e0632461ad3c4b8cc2a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55908959,"asset_id":36022197,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55908959/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11808634" href="https://ufrgs.academia.edu/AldomarAR%C3%BCckert">Aldomar A Rückert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11808634" type="text/json">{"id":11808634,"first_name":"Aldomar","last_name":"Rückert","domain_name":"ufrgs","page_name":"AldomarARückert","display_name":"Aldomar A Rückert","profile_url":"https://ufrgs.academia.edu/AldomarAR%C3%BCckert?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11808634/3408467/19738865/s65_aldomar.r_ckert.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36022197 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36022197"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36022197, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36022197", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36022197 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36022197; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36022197"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36022197 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36022197"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36022197; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36022197]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36022197").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36022197").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36022197"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="176798" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_America">South America</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="176798" type="text/json">{"id":176798,"name":"South America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_America?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2899771" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roads_and_infrastructures_of_connexions">Roads and infrastructures of connexions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2899771" type="text/json">{"id":2899771,"name":"Roads and infrastructures of connexions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roads_and_infrastructures_of_connexions?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36022197]'), work: {"id":36022197,"title":"QUELLE INTÉGRATION DE L'AMÉRIQUE DU SUD ? LES INFRASTRUCTURES DE LIAISON DES RÉGIONS PÉRIPHÉRIQUES ET LES TENDANCES (2018)","created_at":"2018-02-26T11:30:47.440-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36022197/QUELLE_INT%C3%89GRATION_DE_LAM%C3%89RIQUE_DU_SUD_LES_INFRASTRUCTURES_DE_LIAISON_DES_R%C3%89GIONS_P%C3%89RIPH%C3%89RIQUES_ET_LES_TENDANCES_2018_?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_36022197","summary":" Voici une étude des problématiques de l’intégration de l’Amérique du Sud, un sous continent de 17,8 millions de kilomètres carrés. A partir de leurs expériences du terrain et de leurs recherches académiques, les auteurs présentent des données de grande qualité sur les infrastructures de liaison des régions périphériques et les tendances actuelles. Cet article est illustré par neuf documents, cartes et photos de terrain. Fruit d’une coopération à distance entre le Brésil et la France - grâce à Hervé Théry - ce texte sera une référence pour les candidats aux concours.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55908959,"asset_id":36022197,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11808634,"first_name":"Aldomar","last_name":"Rückert","domain_name":"ufrgs","page_name":"AldomarARückert","display_name":"Aldomar A Rückert","profile_url":"https://ufrgs.academia.edu/AldomarAR%C3%BCckert?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11808634/3408467/19738865/s65_aldomar.r_ckert.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":176798,"name":"South America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_America?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":2899771,"name":"Roads and infrastructures of connexions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roads_and_infrastructures_of_connexions?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29780536" data-work_id="29780536" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29780536/A_Promo%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_a_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Democracia_no_Continente_Americano_reflex%C3%B5es_sobre_as_organiza%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_regional_e_as_cl%C3%A1usulas_democr%C3%A1ticas_Artigo_Completo_">A Promoção e a Proteção da Democracia no Continente Americano: reflexões sobre as organizações de integração regional e as cláusulas democráticas [Artigo Completo]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Em um primeiro momento o trabalho examina duas constatações específicas: o surgimento e a proliferação das organizações internacionais, notadamente a partir da criação da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU); e a intensificação dos... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29780536" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Em um primeiro momento o trabalho examina duas constatações específicas: o surgimento e a proliferação das organizações internacionais, notadamente a partir da criação da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU); e a intensificação dos movimentos de integração regional desencadeados também a partir deste período, mas especialmente após o final da Guerra Fria, contexto em que se verificará a expansão e o fortalecimento dos blocos regionais e das organizações de integração regional (OIRs). No desenvolvimento deste tópico também serão evidenciados dois propósitos bem delineados dos processos integracionais: a salvaguarda dos direitos humanos e a promoção e defesa da democracia. A seguir será analisado o fenômeno das organizações de integração regional nas américas e a luta pela democracia, o que será feito por meio da apreciação de três organizações específicas: a Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA), o Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL) e a União das Nações Sul-Americanas (UNASUL), abordando-se os principais documentos internacionais e mecanismos que têm sido editados e implementados no âmbito destas organizações nas últimas décadas, voltados à promoção e proteção dos regimes democráticos. Por fim, o trabalho abordará o fenômeno das cláusulas democráticas no âmbito destas organizações de integração regional americanas, analisando-se os principais aspectos desse mecanismo de promoção e defesa da democracia, conforme os tratados internacionais que as estabeleceram, bem como o seu papel na consolidação democrática dos países do continente americano.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29780536" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="79627a3def4b83504a86bcd1a22f1ccc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50269942,"asset_id":29780536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50269942/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2652054" href="https://unisalesiano.academia.edu/LucianoMeneguetti">Luciano Meneguetti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2652054" type="text/json">{"id":2652054,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Meneguetti","domain_name":"unisalesiano","page_name":"LucianoMeneguetti","display_name":"Luciano Meneguetti","profile_url":"https://unisalesiano.academia.edu/LucianoMeneguetti?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2652054/2565777/59781539/s65_luciano.meneguetti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29780536 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29780536"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29780536, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29780536", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29780536 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29780536; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29780536"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29780536 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29780536"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29780536; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29780536]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29780536").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29780536").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29780536"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5321" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law">International Human Rights Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5321" type="text/json">{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27077" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_and_Human_Rights">International Relations and Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27077" type="text/json">{"id":27077,"name":"International Relations and Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_and_Human_Rights?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29780536]'), work: {"id":29780536,"title":"A Promoção e a Proteção da Democracia no Continente Americano: reflexões sobre as organizações de integração regional e as cláusulas democráticas [Artigo Completo]","created_at":"2016-11-10T07:33:09.303-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29780536/A_Promo%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_a_Prote%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Democracia_no_Continente_Americano_reflex%C3%B5es_sobre_as_organiza%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_regional_e_as_cl%C3%A1usulas_democr%C3%A1ticas_Artigo_Completo_?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_29780536","summary":"Em um primeiro momento o trabalho examina duas constatações específicas: o surgimento e a proliferação das organizações internacionais, notadamente a partir da criação da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU); e a intensificação dos movimentos de integração regional desencadeados também a partir deste período, mas especialmente após o final da Guerra Fria, contexto em que se verificará a expansão e o fortalecimento dos blocos regionais e das organizações de integração regional (OIRs). No desenvolvimento deste tópico também serão evidenciados dois propósitos bem delineados dos processos integracionais: a salvaguarda dos direitos humanos e a promoção e defesa da democracia. A seguir será analisado o fenômeno das organizações de integração regional nas américas e a luta pela democracia, o que será feito por meio da apreciação de três organizações específicas: a Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA), o Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL) e a União das Nações Sul-Americanas (UNASUL), abordando-se os principais documentos internacionais e mecanismos que têm sido editados e implementados no âmbito destas organizações nas últimas décadas, voltados à promoção e proteção dos regimes democráticos. Por fim, o trabalho abordará o fenômeno das cláusulas democráticas no âmbito destas organizações de integração regional americanas, analisando-se os principais aspectos desse mecanismo de promoção e defesa da democracia, conforme os tratados internacionais que as estabeleceram, bem como o seu papel na consolidação democrática dos países do continente americano.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50269942,"asset_id":29780536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2652054,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Meneguetti","domain_name":"unisalesiano","page_name":"LucianoMeneguetti","display_name":"Luciano Meneguetti","profile_url":"https://unisalesiano.academia.edu/LucianoMeneguetti?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2652054/2565777/59781539/s65_luciano.meneguetti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":27077,"name":"International Relations and Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_and_Human_Rights?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":51907,"name":"Direito Constitucional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Constitucional?f_ri=28046"},{"id":67148,"name":"Fundamental Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fundamental_Rights?f_ri=28046"},{"id":68096,"name":"Derechos Humanos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derechos_Humanos?f_ri=28046"},{"id":84810,"name":"Direito Internacional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direito_Internacional?f_ri=28046"},{"id":89294,"name":"Derecho Internacional Público y Derecho Internacional Privado","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Derecho_Internacional_Publico_y_Derecho_Internacional_Privado?f_ri=28046"},{"id":102402,"name":"direito Internacional público","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/direito_Internacional_p%C3%BAblico?f_ri=28046"},{"id":162498,"name":"Direitos Humanos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direitos_Humanos?f_ri=28046"},{"id":196697,"name":"Direitos Fundamentais e Direitos Humanos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direitos_Fundamentais_e_Direitos_Humanos?f_ri=28046"},{"id":957295,"name":"Integração Regional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integracao_Regional?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29507082" data-work_id="29507082" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29507082/O_Brasil_e_a_Integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_na_Am%C3%A9rica_do_Sul_Uma_An%C3%A1lise_dos_%C3%9Altimos_Dez_Anos_2003_2013_">O Brasil e a Integração na América do Sul: Uma Análise dos Últimos Dez Anos (2003-2013)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29507082" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c7047fc8f996cba5bd1ffd99983f2fa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49945039,"asset_id":29507082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49945039/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8803922" href="https://unesp.academia.edu/marcelomariano">Marcelo Passini Mariano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8803922" type="text/json">{"id":8803922,"first_name":"Marcelo Passini","last_name":"Mariano","domain_name":"unesp","page_name":"marcelomariano","display_name":"Marcelo Passini Mariano","profile_url":"https://unesp.academia.edu/marcelomariano?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8803922/3060325/21366669/s65_marcelo_passini.mariano.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29507082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29507082"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29507082, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29507082", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29507082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29507082; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29507082"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29507082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29507082"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29507082; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29507082]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29507082").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29507082").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29507082"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70266" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Foreign_policy">Brazilian Foreign policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="70266" type="text/json">{"id":70266,"name":"Brazilian Foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Foreign_policy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="147058" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unasur_Unasul">Unasur/Unasul</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="147058" type="text/json">{"id":147058,"name":"Unasur/Unasul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unasur_Unasul?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="485022" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politica_Externa_Brasileira">Política Externa Brasileira</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="485022" type="text/json">{"id":485022,"name":"Política Externa Brasileira","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politica_Externa_Brasileira?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29507082]'), work: {"id":29507082,"title":"O Brasil e a Integração na América do Sul: Uma Análise dos Últimos Dez Anos (2003-2013)","created_at":"2016-10-28T11:38:35.732-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29507082/O_Brasil_e_a_Integra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_na_Am%C3%A9rica_do_Sul_Uma_An%C3%A1lise_dos_%C3%9Altimos_Dez_Anos_2003_2013_?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_29507082","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49945039,"asset_id":29507082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8803922,"first_name":"Marcelo Passini","last_name":"Mariano","domain_name":"unesp","page_name":"marcelomariano","display_name":"Marcelo Passini Mariano","profile_url":"https://unesp.academia.edu/marcelomariano?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8803922/3060325/21366669/s65_marcelo_passini.mariano.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":70266,"name":"Brazilian Foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Foreign_policy?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":147058,"name":"Unasur/Unasul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unasur_Unasul?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":485022,"name":"Política Externa Brasileira","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politica_Externa_Brasileira?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":854914,"name":"Relacoes Internacionais","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relacoes_Internacionais?f_ri=28046"},{"id":957295,"name":"Integração Regional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integracao_Regional?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11379388" data-work_id="11379388" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11379388/Intera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_espaciais_e_cidades_g%C3%AAmeas_na_fronteira_Brasil_Argentina_S%C3%A3o_Borja_Santo_Tom%C3%A9_Itaqui_Alvear_Anais_da_III_Confer%C3%AAncia_Internacional_Desenvolvimento_Urbano_em_Cidades_de_Fronteira_Foz_do_Igua%C3%A7u_PR_IAB_2009">Interações espaciais e cidades gêmeas na fronteira Brasil-Argentina: São Borja/Santo Tomé – Itaqui/Alvear. Anais da III Conferência Internacional Desenvolvimento Urbano em Cidades de Fronteira. Foz do Iguaçu-PR: IAB, 2009.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract: This work has to do with spatial interactions and twin cities at the border between Brazil and Argentina. The focus is on the twin cities of São Borja-Santo Tomé and Itaqui-Alvear that are located in the historical territory of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11379388" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: This work has to do with spatial interactions and twin cities at the border between Brazil and Argentina. The focus is on the twin cities of São Borja-Santo Tomé and Itaqui-Alvear that are located in the historical territory of the Jesuit Missions. Due to the geographical position, the cities near the border have special qualities since they are in contact with two different systems. The interactions between the pairs of cities suffer influence from different flows. At the moment, the border’s function is changing. The older function of defense is turning into a newer one of communication place where products pass daily. In this sense, the formation of a regional commercial block (MERCOSUL) had a major role. The subject in question has turned into a matter of the federal government which, through the Ministry of National Integration, attempts to promote a planned integration between Brazil and its neighbors through the twin cities. <br />Keywords: Spatial interactions; border; twin cities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11379388" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b85e8a3daf17d37cda23dcdf5f9d4258" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36945674,"asset_id":11379388,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36945674/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11810960" href="https://ufg.academia.edu/CamiloPereiraCarneiroF">Camilo Pereira Carneiro F°</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11810960" type="text/json">{"id":11810960,"first_name":"Camilo","last_name":"Pereira Carneiro F°","domain_name":"ufg","page_name":"CamiloPereiraCarneiroF","display_name":"Camilo Pereira Carneiro F°","profile_url":"https://ufg.academia.edu/CamiloPereiraCarneiroF?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11810960/3856059/46654377/s65_camilo.pereira_carneiro_f_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11379388 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11379388"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11379388, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11379388", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11379388 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11379388; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11379388"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11379388 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11379388"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11379388; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11379388]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11379388").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11379388").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11379388"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19030" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography">Political Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19030" type="text/json">{"id":19030,"name":"Political Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="163873" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fronteras">Fronteras</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="163873" type="text/json">{"id":163873,"name":"Fronteras","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fronteras?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="195480" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa_Pol%C3%ADtica">Geografía Política</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="195480" type="text/json">{"id":195480,"name":"Geografía Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa_Pol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11379388]'), work: {"id":11379388,"title":"Interações espaciais e cidades gêmeas na fronteira Brasil-Argentina: São Borja/Santo Tomé – Itaqui/Alvear. Anais da III Conferência Internacional Desenvolvimento Urbano em Cidades de Fronteira. Foz do Iguaçu-PR: IAB, 2009.","created_at":"2015-03-11T14:32:22.463-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11379388/Intera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_espaciais_e_cidades_g%C3%AAmeas_na_fronteira_Brasil_Argentina_S%C3%A3o_Borja_Santo_Tom%C3%A9_Itaqui_Alvear_Anais_da_III_Confer%C3%AAncia_Internacional_Desenvolvimento_Urbano_em_Cidades_de_Fronteira_Foz_do_Igua%C3%A7u_PR_IAB_2009?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_11379388","summary":"Abstract: This work has to do with spatial interactions and twin cities at the border between Brazil and Argentina. The focus is on the twin cities of São Borja-Santo Tomé and Itaqui-Alvear that are located in the historical territory of the Jesuit Missions. Due to the geographical position, the cities near the border have special qualities since they are in contact with two different systems. The interactions between the pairs of cities suffer influence from different flows. At the moment, the border’s function is changing. The older function of defense is turning into a newer one of communication place where products pass daily. In this sense, the formation of a regional commercial block (MERCOSUL) had a major role. The subject in question has turned into a matter of the federal government which, through the Ministry of National Integration, attempts to promote a planned integration between Brazil and its neighbors through the twin cities.\r\nKeywords: Spatial interactions; border; twin cities.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36945674,"asset_id":11379388,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11810960,"first_name":"Camilo","last_name":"Pereira Carneiro F°","domain_name":"ufg","page_name":"CamiloPereiraCarneiroF","display_name":"Camilo Pereira Carneiro F°","profile_url":"https://ufg.academia.edu/CamiloPereiraCarneiroF?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11810960/3856059/46654377/s65_camilo.pereira_carneiro_f_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":19030,"name":"Political Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":163873,"name":"Fronteras","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fronteras?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":195480,"name":"Geografía Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geograf%C3%ADa_Pol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":249304,"name":"Borders and Borderlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borders_and_Borderlands?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47718676" data-work_id="47718676" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47718676/The_Effect_of_International_Influence_in_the_Aral_Sea_Basin">The Effect of International Influence in the Aral Sea Basin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Aral Sea was the 4th largest sea in the world, yet today it is the site of an ecological disaster, a legacy of Soviet Union economic policy in Central Asia. With numerous economic, political and social consequences resulting from the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47718676" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Aral Sea was the 4th largest sea in the world, yet today it is the site of an ecological disaster, a legacy of Soviet Union economic policy in Central Asia. With numerous economic, political and social consequences resulting from the sea drying up, the Aral Sea is an infamous challenge to not only Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan that share the coastline but also a challenge to the states along two rivers that feed into the Aral Sea. This includes Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan through which the Amu Darya flows and the Syr Darya river that flows through Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. After the collapse the Soviet Union, the 5 newly fledged Central Asian riparian states have embarked on multilateral initiatives to resuscitate the Aral Sea. Owing to the location and advantageous position provided by the distribution of water to certain countries over others, the political hurdles to resuscitate the rivers and Aral Sea are immense. In this essay I inquire into the effect of international actors in facilitating improvements in the Aral Sea according to benefit-sharing theory. In the available literature on transboundary water resource management in Central Asia, the assumption is that ‘countries cooperate if net benefits of cooperation are perceived to be greater than the net benefits of non-cooperation’ and when the process is perceived to be fair and include benefits beyond the river basin (Granit, et al., 2012). Therefore, I firstly provide an overview of the Soviet Union water interventions in Central Asia that led to the environmental collapse of the sea and entrenched interests. Secondly, I consider the challenges for cooperation in the Post-Soviet space. By using the benefit-sharing theory I lastly consider key events that reveal whether institutional capacity was strengthened by the involvement of international actors in the Aral Sea’s resuscitation in comparing the first decade of independence to the third decade.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47718676" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d66cbd9650ad8488bda9e96fb4534877" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66668735,"asset_id":47718676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66668735/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5770726" href="https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/Tamaranaidoo">Tamara naidoo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5770726" type="text/json">{"id":5770726,"first_name":"Tamara","last_name":"naidoo","domain_name":"uni-leipzig","page_name":"Tamaranaidoo","display_name":"Tamara naidoo","profile_url":"https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/Tamaranaidoo?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5770726/37385165/31653896/s65_tamara.naidoo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47718676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47718676"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47718676, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47718676", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47718676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47718676; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47718676"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47718676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47718676"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47718676; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47718676]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47718676").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47718676").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47718676"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22650" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia">Central Asia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22650" type="text/json">{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80942" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aral_Sea">Aral Sea</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="80942" type="text/json">{"id":80942,"name":"Aral Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aral_Sea?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47718676]'), work: {"id":47718676,"title":"The Effect of International Influence in the Aral Sea Basin","created_at":"2021-04-24T14:56:24.036-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47718676/The_Effect_of_International_Influence_in_the_Aral_Sea_Basin?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_47718676","summary":"The Aral Sea was the 4th largest sea in the world, yet today it is the site of an ecological disaster, a legacy of Soviet Union economic policy in Central Asia. With numerous economic, political and social consequences resulting from the sea drying up, the Aral Sea is an infamous challenge to not only Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan that share the coastline but also a challenge to the states along two rivers that feed into the Aral Sea. This includes Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan through which the Amu Darya flows and the Syr Darya river that flows through Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. After the collapse the Soviet Union, the 5 newly fledged Central Asian riparian states have embarked on multilateral initiatives to resuscitate the Aral Sea. Owing to the location and advantageous position provided by the distribution of water to certain countries over others, the political hurdles to resuscitate the rivers and Aral Sea are immense. In this essay I inquire into the effect of international actors in facilitating improvements in the Aral Sea according to benefit-sharing theory. In the available literature on transboundary water resource management in Central Asia, the assumption is that ‘countries cooperate if net benefits of cooperation are perceived to be greater than the net benefits of non-cooperation’ and when the process is perceived to be fair and include benefits beyond the river basin (Granit, et al., 2012). Therefore, I firstly provide an overview of the Soviet Union water interventions in Central Asia that led to the environmental collapse of the sea and entrenched interests. Secondly, I consider the challenges for cooperation in the Post-Soviet space. By using the benefit-sharing theory I lastly consider key events that reveal whether institutional capacity was strengthened by the involvement of international actors in the Aral Sea’s resuscitation in comparing the first decade of independence to the third decade. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66668735,"asset_id":47718676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5770726,"first_name":"Tamara","last_name":"naidoo","domain_name":"uni-leipzig","page_name":"Tamaranaidoo","display_name":"Tamara naidoo","profile_url":"https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/Tamaranaidoo?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5770726/37385165/31653896/s65_tamara.naidoo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":80942,"name":"Aral Sea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aral_Sea?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34109193" data-work_id="34109193" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34109193/AN_OVERVIEW_OF_THE_CENTRAL_AMERICAN_INTEGRATION_SYSTEM">AN OVERVIEW OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN INTEGRATION SYSTEM</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper examines the formation and development of the Central American Integration System (SICA) and provides some of the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. From the application of secondary methodology, findings show that,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34109193" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper examines the formation and development of the Central American Integration System (SICA) and provides some of the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. From the application of secondary methodology, findings show that, the organization has been stable since formation. The paper concludes that, the organization has a lot to learn from other integration systems of the world to strengthen its own within the Central American region. The paper also recommends that, for SICA to achieve its set objectives all hands must be on desk in terms of total commitment by member states. The system should pay adequate attention to the economic aspect of the integration in order to benefit the member nations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34109193" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1629c0bda7710aa9c84a881c633e2e7c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54040007,"asset_id":34109193,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54040007/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9253263" href="https://uniabuja.academia.edu/sheriffGhaliIbrahim">sheriff Ghali Ibrahim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9253263" type="text/json">{"id":9253263,"first_name":"sheriff","last_name":"Ghali Ibrahim","domain_name":"uniabuja","page_name":"sheriffGhaliIbrahim","display_name":"sheriff Ghali Ibrahim","profile_url":"https://uniabuja.academia.edu/sheriffGhaliIbrahim?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9253263/4764541/38785292/s65_sheriff.ghali_ibrahim.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34109193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34109193"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34109193, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34109193", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34109193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34109193; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34109193"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34109193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34109193"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34109193; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34109193]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34109193").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34109193").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34109193"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34109193]'), work: {"id":34109193,"title":"AN OVERVIEW OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN INTEGRATION SYSTEM","created_at":"2017-08-02T07:26:31.844-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34109193/AN_OVERVIEW_OF_THE_CENTRAL_AMERICAN_INTEGRATION_SYSTEM?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_34109193","summary":"The paper examines the formation and development of the Central American Integration System (SICA) and provides some of the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. From the application of secondary methodology, findings show that, the organization has been stable since formation. The paper concludes that, the organization has a lot to learn from other integration systems of the world to strengthen its own within the Central American region. The paper also recommends that, for SICA to achieve its set objectives all hands must be on desk in terms of total commitment by member states. The system should pay adequate attention to the economic aspect of the integration in order to benefit the member nations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54040007,"asset_id":34109193,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9253263,"first_name":"sheriff","last_name":"Ghali Ibrahim","domain_name":"uniabuja","page_name":"sheriffGhaliIbrahim","display_name":"sheriff Ghali Ibrahim","profile_url":"https://uniabuja.academia.edu/sheriffGhaliIbrahim?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9253263/4764541/38785292/s65_sheriff.ghali_ibrahim.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2380410" data-work_id="2380410" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2380410/Chapter_12_Water_Based_Sustainable_Integrated_Regional_Development">Chapter 12: Water-Based Sustainable Integrated Regional Development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2380410" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a7c23eab46acfbadb3c566762e5d9a4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53982534,"asset_id":2380410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53982534/download_file?st=MTczMjc5NzMyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3068443" href="https://asu.academia.edu/OlcayUnver">Olcay Unver</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3068443" type="text/json">{"id":3068443,"first_name":"Olcay","last_name":"Unver","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"OlcayUnver","display_name":"Olcay Unver","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/OlcayUnver?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3068443/1008640/9255277/s65_olcay.unver.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2380410 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2380410"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2380410, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2380410", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2380410 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2380410; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2380410"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2380410 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2380410"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2380410; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2380410]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2380410").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2380410").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2380410"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8888" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Planning_Development">Regional Planning/Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8888" type="text/json">{"id":8888,"name":"Regional Planning/Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Planning_Development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12047" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_development">Regional development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12047" type="text/json">{"id":12047,"name":"Regional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14469" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management">Sustainable Water Resources Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14469" type="text/json">{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28046" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration">Regional Integration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28046" type="text/json">{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2380410]'), work: {"id":2380410,"title":"Chapter 12: Water-Based Sustainable Integrated Regional Development","created_at":"2013-01-09T02:51:23.248-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2380410/Chapter_12_Water_Based_Sustainable_Integrated_Regional_Development?f_ri=28046","dom_id":"work_2380410","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53982534,"asset_id":2380410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":55450190,"asset_id":2380410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3068443,"first_name":"Olcay","last_name":"Unver","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"OlcayUnver","display_name":"Olcay Unver","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/OlcayUnver?f_ri=28046","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3068443/1008640/9255277/s65_olcay.unver.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8888,"name":"Regional Planning/Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Planning_Development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":12047,"name":"Regional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_development?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":14469,"name":"Sustainable Water Resources Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Water_Resources_Management?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":28046,"name":"Regional Integration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?f_ri=28046","nofollow":false},{"id":88257,"name":"Transboundary Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transboundary_Water?f_ri=28046"},{"id":90143,"name":"International law and Transboundary Water Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_law_and_Transboundary_Water_Resources?f_ri=28046"},{"id":185074,"name":"Land and Water Managment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_and_Water_Managment?f_ri=28046"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?after=50%2C2380410" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Regional_Integration?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regionalism">Regionalism</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="10871">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="10871">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Regionalism">Comparative Regionalism</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="97257">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="97257">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mercosur_Mercosul">Mercosur/Mercosul</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="40218">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="40218">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Foreign_Policy">Latin American Foreign Policy</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="8238">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="8238">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unasur_Unasul">Unasur/Unasul</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="147058">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="147058">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integraci%C3%B3n_Regional">Integración Regional</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="208034">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="208034">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="388">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="388">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_integration">European integration</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1218">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1218">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="797">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="797">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Union">European Union</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="10347">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="10347">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "30b3e2a5d5b7faeae6cddfc255bc846988c8c487c38e5124fc33e0e387ab6fac", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="6fUMiaIv80LAO3NJy/OC/LCdvMhv+/AU9F97JGQmKozr8/rJd2Ku1aoDiaqpyDYGd6rRZaN0by4CbY0MbvMscg==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regional_Integration" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="d6tRr9IHwSm4s3ujtspFlPRA1Gm9mPZHHHxhRTY+8y51rafvB0qcvtKLgUDU8fFuM3e5xHEXaX3qTpdtPOv10A==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>