CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><title>Labs - IBM Research</title><meta name="description" content="This year marks our 80th anniversary in delivering breakthrough research. See our latest work from the 12 labs spread across 19 sites around the world."/><meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://research.ibm.com/labs"/><link rel="icon" href="//www.ibm.com/favicon.ico"/><meta name="dcterms.date" content="2021-02-09"/><meta name="dcterms.rights" content="© Copyright IBM Corp. 2021"/><meta name="geo.country" content="US"/><meta name="google-site-verification" content="O1nsbg1J1iAeYJK6HneffI0_RiLebmSPxfs5ESYNnwI"/><meta property="og:title" content="Labs"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://research.ibm.com/labs"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="IBM Research"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/><meta property="og:description" content="This year marks our 80th anniversary in delivering breakthrough research. See our latest work from the 12 labs spread across 19 sites around the world."/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@IBMResearch"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@IBMResearch"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Labs"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="This year marks our 80th anniversary in delivering breakthrough research. See our latest work from the 12 labs spread across 19 sites around the world."/><link rel="preload" as="image" imageSrcSet="https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=1200&q=75 1200w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" imageSizes="(min-width: 99rem) calc((99rem - 50rem) * 0.4375 + 18rem), (min-width: 82rem) calc((100vw - 50rem) * 0.5 + 21rem), (min-width: 66rem) calc((100vw - 49rem) * 0.5 + 21rem), (min-width: 42rem) calc((100vw - 27rem) * 1 + 21rem), calc((100vw - 5rem) * 1 + 3rem)"/><meta name="next-head-count" content="23"/><link data-next-font="" rel="preconnect" href="/" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/69c0d6333f8b5ae9.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/69c0d6333f8b5ae9.css" data-n-g=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/c0eba1c9baeeb50e.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/c0eba1c9baeeb50e.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/1ed3d68c044a6dc7.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/1ed3d68c044a6dc7.css" data-n-p=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" nomodule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-78c92fac7aa8fdd8.js"></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-b765418ed6c7eb51.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/framework-a435b9ecada0512e.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-9293d76ef0c62f18.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-b9582ab63018b5c6.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/fc20e1c4-9a05893726f58348.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/1c920f04-7653b20eb77a41aa.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/175675d1-646a8237fccb004e.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/0e6451da-bac543fabb0889fa.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/9834-4d5a72b7844c9fa4.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/2131-d9b4cb5317eebcae.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/3061-1eaaa564aa41acf9.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/9755-4a5976c8ec7f097e.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/2605-f5f6a73f1249d8f1.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/4897-1c982ea37cb2d575.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/48-77bfc44f4bf16bbe.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/pages/labs-5e6df2f27464f584.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/nsOKJ8TNHANkJjjZX9MS_/_buildManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="/_next/static/nsOKJ8TNHANkJjjZX9MS_/_ssgManifest.js" defer=""></script></head><body><script>0</script><div id="__next"><div class="bx--masthead "><div class="bx--masthead__l0"><header aria-label="IBM" data-autoid="dds--masthead" class="bx--header"><a class="bx--skip-to-content" href="#main-content" tabindex="0">Skip to main content</a><button data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-menu" aria-label="Open menu" class="bx--masthead__platform bx--header__action bx--header__menu-trigger bx--header__menu-toggle bx--header__menu-toggle__hidden" title="Open menu" type="button"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M2 14.8H18V16H2zM2 11.2H18V12.399999999999999H2zM2 7.6H18V8.799999999999999H2zM2 4H18V5.2H2z"></path></svg></button><div class="bx--side-nav__overlay"></div><nav aria-hidden="true" class="bx--side-nav__navigation bx--side-nav bx--side-nav--ux bx--side-nav--hidden" aria-label="Side navigation"><nav data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0"><a data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-productname" href="/" aria-haspopup="true" class="bx--side-nav__submenu bx--side-nav__submenu-platform">Research</a><ul class="bx--side-nav__items"><div class="bx--side-nav__header-navigation"><div><div aria-hidden="false" class="bx--side-nav__menu-section bx--side-nav__menu-section--expanded" id="panel__(-1,-1)"><li class="bx--side-nav__item"><button aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-selected="" class="bx--side-nav__submenu" data-title="focus-areas" type="button"><div class="bx--side-nav__submenu-content"><span class="bx--side-nav__submenu-title" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav0">Focus areas</span><div class="bx--side-nav__icon bx--side-nav__icon--small bx--side-nav__submenu-chevron"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M16 22L6 12 7.4 10.6 16 19.2 24.6 10.6 26 12z"></path></svg></div></div></button></li><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item"><a href="/blog" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav1" class="bx--side-nav__link"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Blog</span></a></li><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item"><a href="/publications" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav2" class="bx--side-nav__link"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Publications</span></a></li><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item"><a href="https://www.ibm.com/careers/us-en/teams/research/" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav3" class="bx--side-nav__link"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Careers</span></a></li><li class="bx--side-nav__item"><button aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-selected="true" class="bx--side-nav__submenu bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu--selected" data-title="about" type="button"><div class="bx--side-nav__submenu-content"><span class="bx--side-nav__submenu-title" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav4">About</span><div class="bx--side-nav__icon bx--side-nav__icon--small bx--side-nav__submenu-chevron"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M16 22L6 12 7.4 10.6 16 19.2 24.6 10.6 26 12z"></path></svg></div></div></button></li><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="bx--side-nav__menu-section bx--side-nav__menu-section-submenu" id="panel__(0,-1)"><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-back"><button class="bx--side-nav__link" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-back" isbackbutton="true"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 16L20 6 21.4 7.4 12.8 16 21.4 24.6 20 26z"></path></svg>Back</span></button></li><li class="bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-title">Focus areas</li><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item"><a href="/semiconductors" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav0-list0" class="bx--side-nav__link"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Semiconductors</span></a></li><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item"><a href="/artificial-intelligence" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav0-list1" class="bx--side-nav__link"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Artificial Intelligence</span></a></li><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item"><a href="/quantum-computing" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav0-list2" class="bx--side-nav__link"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Quantum Computing</span></a></li><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item"><a href="/hybrid-cloud" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav0-list3" class="bx--side-nav__link"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Hybrid Cloud</span></a></li><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="bx--side-nav__menu-section bx--side-nav__menu-section-submenu" id="panel__(4,-1)"><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-back"><button class="bx--side-nav__link" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-back" isbackbutton="true"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 16L20 6 21.4 7.4 12.8 16 21.4 24.6 20 26z"></path></svg>Back</span></button></li><li class="bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-title">About</li><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item"><a href="/about" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav4-list0" class="bx--side-nav__link"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Overview</span></a></li><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item"><a href="/labs" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav4-list1" class="bx--side-nav__link"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Labs</span></a></li><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item"><a href="/people" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-nav4-list2" class="bx--side-nav__link"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">People</span></a></li><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="bx--side-nav__menu-section bx--side-nav__menu-section-submenu" id="panel__(0,0)"><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-back"><button class="bx--side-nav__link" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-back" isbackbutton="true"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 16L20 6 21.4 7.4 12.8 16 21.4 24.6 20 26z"></path></svg>Back</span></button></li><li class="bx--side-nav__item"><a href="/semiconductors" class="bx--side-nav__link bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Semiconductors<div class="bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title__icon"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z"></path></svg></div></span></a></li><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="bx--side-nav__menu-section bx--side-nav__menu-section-submenu" id="panel__(0,1)"><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-back"><button class="bx--side-nav__link" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-back" isbackbutton="true"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 16L20 6 21.4 7.4 12.8 16 21.4 24.6 20 26z"></path></svg>Back</span></button></li><li class="bx--side-nav__item"><a href="/artificial-intelligence" class="bx--side-nav__link bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Artificial Intelligence<div class="bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title__icon"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z"></path></svg></div></span></a></li><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="bx--side-nav__menu-section bx--side-nav__menu-section-submenu" id="panel__(0,2)"><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-back"><button class="bx--side-nav__link" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-back" isbackbutton="true"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 16L20 6 21.4 7.4 12.8 16 21.4 24.6 20 26z"></path></svg>Back</span></button></li><li class="bx--side-nav__item"><a href="/quantum-computing" class="bx--side-nav__link bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Quantum Computing<div class="bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title__icon"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z"></path></svg></div></span></a></li><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="bx--side-nav__menu-section bx--side-nav__menu-section-submenu" id="panel__(0,3)"><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-back"><button class="bx--side-nav__link" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-back" isbackbutton="true"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 16L20 6 21.4 7.4 12.8 16 21.4 24.6 20 26z"></path></svg>Back</span></button></li><li class="bx--side-nav__item"><a href="/hybrid-cloud" class="bx--side-nav__link bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Hybrid Cloud<div class="bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title__icon"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z"></path></svg></div></span></a></li><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="bx--side-nav__menu-section bx--side-nav__menu-section-submenu" id="panel__(4,0)"><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-back"><button class="bx--side-nav__link" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-back" isbackbutton="true"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 16L20 6 21.4 7.4 12.8 16 21.4 24.6 20 26z"></path></svg>Back</span></button></li><li class="bx--side-nav__item"><a href="/about" class="bx--side-nav__link bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Overview<div class="bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title__icon"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z"></path></svg></div></span></a></li><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="bx--side-nav__menu-section bx--side-nav__menu-section-submenu" id="panel__(4,1)"><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-back"><button class="bx--side-nav__link" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-back" isbackbutton="true"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 16L20 6 21.4 7.4 12.8 16 21.4 24.6 20 26z"></path></svg>Back</span></button></li><li class="bx--side-nav__item"><a href="/labs" class="bx--side-nav__link bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">Labs<div class="bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title__icon"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z"></path></svg></div></span></a></li><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="bx--side-nav__menu-section bx--side-nav__menu-section-submenu" id="panel__(4,2)"><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button><li class="bx--side-nav__menu-item bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-back"><button class="bx--side-nav__link" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco-sidenav__l0-back" isbackbutton="true"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M10 16L20 6 21.4 7.4 12.8 16 21.4 24.6 20 26z"></path></svg>Back</span></button></li><li class="bx--side-nav__item"><a href="/people" class="bx--side-nav__link bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title"><span class="bx--side-nav__link-text">People<div class="bx--masthead__side-nav--submemu-section-title__icon"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z"></path></svg></div></span></a></li><button class="bx--masthead__focus" aria-hidden="true"></button></div></div></div></ul></nav></nav><div class="bx--header__logo"><a aria-label="IBM®" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-logo" href="https://www.ibm.com"><img src="/_next/static/media/IBM-8bar-logo--h23.8bbea713.svg" alt="IBM logo"/></a></div><div class="bx--header__search bx--masthead__platform"><div class="bx--masthead__platform-name"><a data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-ecosystemname" class="bx--header__name" href="/">Research</a></div><div class="bx--header__nav-container"><div class="bx--header__nav-content"><div class="bx--sub-content-left"></div><div class="bx--sub-content-right"></div><nav data-autoid="dds--masthead__l0-nav" aria-label="IBM" class="bx--header__nav"><ul aria-label="IBM" class="bx--header__menu-bar"><li class="bx--header__submenu" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav0"><a aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" class="bx--header__menu-item bx--header__menu-title" data-title="focus-areas" href="#" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" aria-selected="false" aria-label="Focus areas">Focus areas<svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true" class="bx--header__menu-arrow"><path d="M16 22L6 12 7.4 10.6 16 19.2 24.6 10.6 26 12z"></path></svg></a><ul aria-label="Focus areas" class="bx--header__menu"><li><a data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav0--subnav-col0-item0" class="bx--header__menu-item" tabindex="0" href="/semiconductors"><span class="bx--text-truncate--end">Semiconductors</span></a></li><li><a data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav0--subnav-col0-item1" class="bx--header__menu-item" tabindex="0" href="/artificial-intelligence"><span class="bx--text-truncate--end">Artificial Intelligence</span></a></li><li><a data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav0--subnav-col0-item2" class="bx--header__menu-item" tabindex="0" href="/quantum-computing"><span class="bx--text-truncate--end">Quantum Computing</span></a></li><li><a data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav0--subnav-col0-item3" class="bx--header__menu-item" tabindex="0" href="/hybrid-cloud"><span class="bx--text-truncate--end">Hybrid Cloud</span></a></li></ul></li><li><a aria-selected="false" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav1" class="bx--header__menu-item" tabindex="0" href="/blog"><span class="bx--text-truncate--end">Blog</span></a></li><li><a aria-selected="false" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav2" class="bx--header__menu-item" tabindex="0" href="/publications"><span class="bx--text-truncate--end">Publications</span></a></li><li><a aria-selected="false" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav3" class="bx--header__menu-item" tabindex="0" href="https://www.ibm.com/careers/us-en/teams/research/"><span class="bx--text-truncate--end">Careers</span></a></li><li class="bx--header__submenu" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav4"><a aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" class="bx--header__menu-item bx--header__menu-title" data-title="about" href="#" role="menuitem" tabindex="0" aria-selected="true" aria-label="About">About<svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true" class="bx--header__menu-arrow"><path d="M16 22L6 12 7.4 10.6 16 19.2 24.6 10.6 26 12z"></path></svg></a><ul aria-label="About" class="bx--header__menu"><li><a data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav4--subnav-col0-item0" class="bx--header__menu-item" tabindex="0" href="/about"><span class="bx--text-truncate--end">Overview</span></a></li><li><a data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav4--subnav-col0-item1" class="bx--header__menu-item" tabindex="0" href="/labs"><span class="bx--text-truncate--end">Labs</span></a></li><li><a data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-nav4--subnav-col0-item2" class="bx--header__menu-item" tabindex="0" href="/people"><span class="bx--text-truncate--end">People</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><div class="bx--header__nav-caret-left-container" hidden=""><button class="bx--header__nav-caret-left" aria-label="Masthead left caret" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M20 24L10 16 20 8z"></path></svg></button><div class="bx--header__nav-caret-left-gradient"></div></div><div class="bx--header__nav-caret-right-container" hidden=""><div class="bx--header__nav-caret-right-gradient"></div><button class="bx--header__nav-caret-right" aria-label="Masthead right caret" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12 8L22 16 12 24z"></path></svg></button></div></div><div class="bx--masthead__overlay"></div><div data-autoid="dds--masthead__search" class="bx--masthead__search"><div class="bx--header__search--actions"><button data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-search" aria-label="Open IBM search field" tabindex="0" class="bx--header__search--search bx--header__action bx--btn bx--btn--primary bx--btn--icon-only bx--tooltip__trigger bx--tooltip--a11y bx--btn--icon-only--bottom bx--tooltip--align-center" type="button"><div class="bx--assistive-text">Open IBM search field</div><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M29,27.5859l-7.5521-7.5521a11.0177,11.0177,0,1,0-1.4141,1.4141L27.5859,29ZM4,13a9,9,0,1,1,9,9A9.01,9.01,0,0,1,4,13Z"></path></svg></button><button data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-search--close" aria-label="Close" tabindex="0" class="bx--header__search--close bx--header__action bx--btn bx--btn--primary bx--btn--icon-only bx--tooltip__trigger bx--tooltip--a11y bx--btn--icon-only--bottom bx--tooltip--align-center" type="button"><div class="bx--assistive-text">Close</div><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M24 9.4L22.6 8 16 14.6 9.4 8 8 9.4 14.6 16 8 22.6 9.4 24 16 17.4 22.6 24 24 22.6 17.4 16 24 9.4z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div><div class="bx--header__global bx--header__profile"><button class="bx--header__action bx--overflow-menu" data-autoid="dds--masthead-eco__l0-account" style="width:3rem" type="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="User Profile"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 32 32" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M16 4a5 5 0 11-5 5 5 5 0 015-5m0-2a7 7 0 107 7A7 7 0 0016 2zM26 30H24V25a5 5 0 00-5-5H13a5 5 0 00-5 5v5H6V25a7 7 0 017-7h6a7 7 0 017 7z"></path></svg></button></div></header></div></div><main id="main-content" class="_95E0P"><section class="_6APMp"><div class="DWqFH"><div class="U5oHd"><div class="_7fEtV"><nav aria-label="breadcrumbs" class="r3uz9"><ol><li><a class="bx--link" href="/">Home</a></li><li><span class="aEWzI" aria-hidden="true">↳ </span><a aria-current="location" href="/labs">Labs</a></li></ol></nav></div><div class="cWP1z"><ul class="XBsQU XfbNS la_E6 uvfUZ _0CM3a o0Z_b" style="--gap-sm:0.5rem;--gap-md:0.5rem;--gap-lg:0.5rem;--gap-xlg:0.5rem;--gap-max:0.5rem"><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="1"><span title="Africa">Africa</span></button></li><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="3"><span title="Albany">Albany</span></button></li><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="2"><span title="Almaden">Almaden</span></button></li><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="8"><span title="Brazil">Brazil</span></button></li><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="5"><span title="Cambridge">Cambridge</span></button></li><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="7"><span title="India">India</span></button></li><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="9"><span title="Ireland">Ireland</span></button></li><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="12"><span title="Israel">Israel</span></button></li><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="6"><span title="Tokyo">Tokyo</span></button></li><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="11"><span title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</span></button></li><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="4"><span title="Yorktown Heights">Yorktown Heights</span></button></li><li class="iHbnT GPX_V BxQfA FbtRo _8UAmi bL2oU"><button class="bx--tag ZvHdV MmH7c _9ckLP bx--tag--high-contrast bx--tag--interactive" id="10"><span title="Zurich">Zurich</span></button></li></ul></div></div><div class="ALxpV"><h1 class="Owbrl">Labs</h1><div class="HEcxx"><p class="eBWTD EihHw">This year marks our 80th anniversary in delivering breakthrough research.</p><p class="eBWTD DMxM7">See our latest work from the 12 labs spread across 19 sites around the world.</p></div><div class="RQrdd"><div class="aLNeW"><ul class="BRhZl" style="--border-color:#c1c7cd;--color:#121619;--hover-color:#0f62fe;--icon-color:#000000;--icon-size:1.5rem;--padding-y:1rem"><li class="RvWEO ttP1S l3Wo8"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/africa"><span class="_2iVh0">Africa</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="RvWEO ttP1S"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/albany"><span class="_2iVh0">Albany</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="RvWEO ttP1S"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/almaden"><span class="_2iVh0">Almaden</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="RvWEO ttP1S"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/brazil"><span class="_2iVh0">Brazil</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="RvWEO ttP1S"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/cambridge"><span class="_2iVh0">Cambridge</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="RvWEO ttP1S"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/india"><span class="_2iVh0">India</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="RvWEO ttP1S"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/ireland"><span class="_2iVh0">Ireland</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="RvWEO ttP1S"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/israel"><span class="_2iVh0">Israel</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="RvWEO ttP1S"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/tokyo"><span class="_2iVh0">Tokyo</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="RvWEO ttP1S"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/uk"><span class="_2iVh0">United Kingdom</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="RvWEO ttP1S"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/yorktown-heights"><span class="_2iVh0">Yorktown Heights</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="RvWEO ttP1S"><a class="JvgSj" href="/labs/zurich"><span class="_2iVh0">Zurich</span><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" class="hcw1a _4SlYQ"><path d="M14 4L12.9 5.1 18.9 11.2 2 11.2 2 12.8 18.9 12.8 12.9 18.9 14 20 22 12z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="_9WCVi"><div class="bVXnm"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="Interactive globe placeholder" sizes="(min-width: 99rem) calc((99rem - 50rem) * 0.4375 + 18rem), (min-width: 82rem) calc((100vw - 50rem) * 0.5 + 21rem), (min-width: 66rem) calc((100vw - 49rem) * 0.5 + 21rem), (min-width: 42rem) calc((100vw - 27rem) * 1 + 21rem), calc((100vw - 5rem) * 1 + 3rem)" srcSet="https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=750&q=75 750w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=828&q=75 828w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1080w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=1200&q=75 1200w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1920w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=2048&q=75 2048w, https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="https://research.ibm.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fplaceholder.526e964b.jpg&w=3840&q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="oCpPC" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:contain"/></span></div></div></div></div></div></section></main><footer data-autoid="dds--footer" class="bx--footer"><section class="bx--footer__main"><div class="bx--footer__main-container"><div data-autoid="dds--footer-logo" class="bx--footer-logo"><a data-autoid="dds--footer-logo__link" class="bx--footer-logo__link" href="https://www.ibm.com/"><svg width="157" height="65" class="bx--footer-logo__logo" viewBox="0 0 157 65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>IBM Logo</title><path d="M30.444 60.208v4.03H0v-4.03h30.444zm78.291-.001v4.03H86.983v-4.03h21.752zm47.858 0v4.03H134.84v-4.03h21.753zm-33.416 0l-1.398 4.03-1.38-4.03h2.778zm-88.384 0h42.775c-2.797 2.426-6.39 3.925-10.327 4.025l-.423.006H34.793v-4.03h42.775zm-4.35-8.46v4.03H0v-4.03h30.444zm52.402 0c-.332 1.248-.8 2.44-1.389 3.555l-.259.474H34.793v-4.029h48.052zm73.748-.005v4.031H134.84v-4.03h21.753zm-47.858 0v4.031H86.983v-4.03h21.752zm17.375 0l-1.398 4.031h-5.85l-1.395-4.03h8.643zM21.745 43.285v4.03H8.698v-4.03h13.047zm61.195 0a17.32 17.32 0 0 1 .476 3.51l.008.52H68.796v-4.03H82.94zm-26.401 0v4.03H43.491v-4.03H56.54zm72.502-.007l-1.396 4.03H115.93l-1.397-4.03h14.507zm18.85 0v4.03h-13.05v-4.03h13.05zm-39.156 0v4.03H95.684v-4.03h13.051zm-86.99-8.454v4.03H8.698v-4.03h13.047zm56.117 0a16.945 16.945 0 0 1 2.926 3.582l.264.447h-37.56v-4.03h34.37zm30.873-.01v4.03H95.684v-4.03h13.051zm39.157 0v4.03H134.84v-4.03h13.052zm-15.919 0l-1.396 4.03h-17.579l-1.396-4.03h20.371zm-50.778-8.452a16.963 16.963 0 0 1-2.82 3.674l-.37.355H43.49v-4.029h37.704zm-59.45 0v4.03H8.698v-4.03h13.047zm126.147-.013v4.031H134.84v-3.839l-1.33 3.839h-11.456l1.373-4.03h24.465zm-27.743 0l1.372 4.031h-11.456l-1.33-3.839v3.84H95.684v-4.032h24.465zm-98.404-8.448v4.03H8.698V17.9h13.047zm61.68 0c0 1.215-.134 2.399-.375 3.542l-.11.487H68.796V17.9h14.628zM56.538 17.9v4.03H43.491V17.9H56.54zm91.352-.015v4.03h-22.954l1.37-4.03h21.584zm-30.624 0l1.372 4.03H95.684v-4.03h21.583zM30.444 9.437v4.03H0v-4.03h30.444zm50.753 0a17.048 17.048 0 0 1 1.498 3.499l.15.531H34.794v-4.03h46.403zm75.396-.018v4.03h-28.776l1.373-4.03h27.403zm-42.207 0l1.372 4.031H86.982V9.42h27.404zM30.444.978v4.03H0V.977h30.444zm36.374 0c3.96 0 7.594 1.415 10.448 3.772l.303.257H34.794V.977h32.024zm89.775-.022v4.031h-25.894l1.372-4.03h24.522zm-45.098 0l1.372 4.03H86.982V.955h24.513z"></path></svg></a></div><nav data-autoid="dds--footer-nav" class="bx--footer-nav"><ul class="bx--accordion bx--footer-nav__container bx--accordion--end"><li class="bx--accordion__item bx--footer-nav-group" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group"><button type="button" aria-expanded="false" class="bx--accordion__heading"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true" class="bx--accordion__arrow"><path d="M11 8L6 13 5.3 12.3 9.6 8 5.3 3.7 6 3z"></path></svg><div class="bx--accordion__title">Focus areas</div></button><div class="bx--accordion__content"><h2 class="bx--footer-nav-group__title">Focus areas</h2><ul><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/semiconductors">Semiconductors</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/quantum-computing">Quantum Computing</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/hybrid-cloud">Hybrid Cloud</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="bx--accordion__item bx--footer-nav-group" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group"><button type="button" aria-expanded="false" class="bx--accordion__heading"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true" class="bx--accordion__arrow"><path d="M11 8L6 13 5.3 12.3 9.6 8 5.3 3.7 6 3z"></path></svg><div class="bx--accordion__title">Quick links</div></button><div class="bx--accordion__content"><h2 class="bx--footer-nav-group__title">Quick links</h2><ul><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/about">About</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/publications">Publications</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/blog">Blog</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/events">Events</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="bx--accordion__item bx--footer-nav-group" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group"><button type="button" aria-expanded="false" class="bx--accordion__heading"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true" class="bx--accordion__arrow"><path d="M11 8L6 13 5.3 12.3 9.6 8 5.3 3.7 6 3z"></path></svg><div class="bx--accordion__title">Work with us</div></button><div class="bx--accordion__content"><h2 class="bx--footer-nav-group__title">Work with us</h2><ul><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="https://www.ibm.com/careers/us-en/teams/research/">Careers</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/contact">Contact Research</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="bx--accordion__item bx--footer-nav-group" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group"><button type="button" aria-expanded="false" class="bx--accordion__heading"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true" class="bx--accordion__arrow"><path d="M11 8L6 13 5.3 12.3 9.6 8 5.3 3.7 6 3z"></path></svg><div class="bx--accordion__title">Directories</div></button><div class="bx--accordion__content"><h2 class="bx--footer-nav-group__title">Directories</h2><ul><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/topics">Topics</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/people">People</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="/projects">Projects</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="bx--accordion__item bx--footer-nav-group" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group"><button type="button" aria-expanded="false" class="bx--accordion__heading"><svg focusable="false" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true" class="bx--accordion__arrow"><path d="M11 8L6 13 5.3 12.3 9.6 8 5.3 3.7 6 3z"></path></svg><div class="bx--accordion__title">Follow us</div></button><div class="bx--accordion__content"><h2 class="bx--footer-nav-group__title">Follow us</h2><ul><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="https://www.ibm.com/account/reg/us-en/signup?formid=news-urx-53237">Newsletter</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="https://twitter.com/ibmresearch">X</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/ibm-research/">LinkedIn</a></li><li class="bx--footer-nav-group__item"><a class="bx--link bx--footer-nav-group__link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-nav-group__link" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/IBMLabs">YouTube</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></nav></div></section><aside data-autoid="dds--footer-legal-nav" class="bx--legal-nav__container"><nav class="bx--legal-nav"><div class="bx--legal-nav__list "><ul class="bx--legal-nav__holder"><li class="bx--legal-nav__list-item"><a href="https://www.ibm.com/contact/us/en/?lnk=flg-cont-usen" class="bx--link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-legal-nav__link-null">Contact IBM</a></li><li class="bx--legal-nav__list-item"><a href="https://www.ibm.com/privacy/us/en/?lnk=flg-priv-usen" class="bx--link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-legal-nav__link-null">Privacy</a></li><li class="bx--legal-nav__list-item"><a href="https://www.ibm.com/us-en/legal?lnk=flg-tous-usen" class="bx--link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-legal-nav__link-null">Terms of use</a></li><li class="bx--legal-nav__list-item"><a href="https://www.ibm.com/accessibility/us/en/?lnk=flg-acce-usen" class="bx--link bx--footer__link" data-autoid="dds--footer-legal-nav__link-null">Accessibility</a></li><li class="bx--legal-nav__list-item" data-autoid="dds--privacy-cp"></li></ul></div></nav></aside></footer></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"initialApolloState":{"ComponentSharedSeo:1146":{"__typename":"ComponentSharedSeo","canonicalURL":null,"metaDescription":"This year marks our 80th anniversary in delivering breakthrough research. See our latest work from the 12 labs spread across 19 sites around the world.","id":"1146","metaImage":null,"metaRobots":null,"metaSocial":[],"metaTitle":"Labs"},"UploadFile:3274":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"3274","alternativeText":"africa-leadspace.jpg","url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/africa_leadspace_b9a5584b95.jpg","width":5472,"height":2605},"ResearchLab:1":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"1","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":-26.194550619175565,"longitude":28.032189473474325},"name":"Johannesburg"},{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":-1.3504551508252847,"longitude":36.752790408065195},"name":"Nairobi"}],"landing_description":"IBM Research – Africa is the first industrial research facility on the continent of Africa. With facilities in Kenya and South Africa, IBM Research Africa drives innovation by developing commercially-viable solutions to transform lives.","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:3274"},"name":"Africa","slug":"africa","url":"/labs/africa"},"UploadFile:2317":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"2317","alternativeText":"IBM_VTFET_08.jpg","url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBM_VTFET_08_9c7c1cad89.jpg","width":2500,"height":1667},"ResearchLab:3":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"3","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":42.69038710310394,"longitude":-73.8317106745908},"name":"Albany"}],"landing_description":"At IBM Research – Albany we drive semiconductor technology innovation for the future of computing. We combine the strengths of industry, government and academia to drive faster progress and new breakthroughs in advanced semiconductors.","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:2317"},"name":"Albany","slug":"albany","url":"/labs/watson/"},"UploadFile:2983":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"2983","alternativeText":"Researcher working in lab","url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/Almaden_0100132_Oppermann_PE_f6f4c56dfd.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365},"ResearchLab:2":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"2","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":37.21119301261554,"longitude":-121.8076310664119},"name":"Almaden"}],"landing_description":"IBM Research – Almaden is IBM's Silicon Valley innovation lab. We’re pioneering scientific breakthroughs across disruptive technologies including artificial intelligence, healthcare and life sciences, and quantum computing.","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:2983"},"name":"Almaden","slug":"almaden","url":"/labs/almaden/"},"UploadFile:3305":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"3305","alternativeText":"brl_site_cover_edit.png","url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/brl_site_cover_edit_c7fcccea01.png","width":2260,"height":1086},"ResearchLab:8":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"8","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":-22.908927609614608,"longitude":-43.18123430086015},"name":"Rio de Janeiro"},{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":-23.580808128956527,"longitude":-46.64994923487726},"name":"São Paulo"}],"landing_description":"IBM Research – Brazil was established in June 2010, with locations in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Developers, engineers, scientists and other experts at these labs are dedicated to advance artificial intelligence, hybrid cloud, science and quantum.","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:3305"},"name":"Brazil","slug":"brazil","url":"/labs/brazil"},"UploadFile:4412":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"4412","alternativeText":null,"url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBM_Cambridge_06_a8ec75b1ff.jpg","width":2500,"height":1668},"ResearchLab:5":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"5","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":42.3622631160202,"longitude":-71.0863540028722},"name":"MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab"},{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":42.36576638780629,"longitude":-71.08058173170744},"name":"Cambridge"}],"landing_description":"IBM Research – Cambridge is home to the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab, which is focused on designing and deploying the next generation of artificial intelligence.","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:4412"},"name":"Cambridge","slug":"cambridge","url":"/labs/cambridge/"},"UploadFile:3123":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"3123","alternativeText":"IBM Quantum ","url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/IBMQ_10_b3a009b60a.jpg","width":2500,"height":1667},"ResearchLab:7":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"7","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":13.048467924247548,"longitude":77.62330699184915},"name":"Bengaluru"},{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":28.495371533331436,"longitude":77.09181882709657},"name":"Gurgaon"}],"landing_description":"Established in 1998, IBM Research – India has emerged as a premier research lab in the region with an impressive list of achievements, including innovations in Hybrid Cloud, AI and Quantum Applications. ","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:3123"},"name":"India","slug":"india","url":"/labs/india"},"UploadFile:2561":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"2561","alternativeText":"ireland-leadspace.png","url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/ireland_leadspace_43ddb4f3c9.png","width":3000,"height":2000},"ResearchLab:9":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"9","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":53.34473290493617,"longitude":-6.252188144179114},"name":"Ireland"}],"landing_description":"At IBM Research Europe in Dublin, Ireland, our open approach to research, coupled with the deep curiosity of our researchers, creates breakthrough client focused outcomes in domains including IoT, AI, security, privacy, healthcare, and cloud.","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:2561"},"name":"Ireland","slug":"ireland","url":"/labs/europe"},"UploadFile:4604":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"4604","alternativeText":null,"url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/blog_text_to_classifier_1_70a2b2a577.png","width":2048,"height":1135},"ResearchLab:12":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"12","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":32.76162240370103,"longitude":35.019954332468345},"name":"Haifa"},{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":32.08014534244811,"longitude":34.800232906026494},"name":"Tel Aviv"},{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":31.264640065119735,"longitude":34.81200432335233},"name":"Be'er Sheva"}],"landing_description":"At IBM Research – Israel we champion open innovation, teaming with scientists from industry and academia to contribute to product and publication breakthroughs in natural language understanding, computer vision, quantum computing, and more.","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:4604"},"name":"Israel","slug":"israel","url":"/labs/israel"},"UploadFile:4085":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"4085","alternativeText":null,"url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/tokyo_d0f44b5aac.jpg","width":960,"height":641},"ResearchLab:6":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"6","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":null,"name":"Tokyo"},{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":35.54577443834408,"longitude":139.67341156934054},"name":"Shin-kawasaki"}],"landing_description":"IBM Research – Tokyo was established in 1982 and has been focused on innovations that use cognitive computing to solve social and industry problems through expertise in cognitive device technologies, text analytics, and mathematical science technologies.","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:4085"},"name":"Tokyo","slug":"tokyo","url":"/labs/tokyo"},"UploadFile:3458":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"3458","alternativeText":"UK-leadspace-4.png","url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/UK_leadspace_4_5712196939.png","width":3000,"height":1313},"ResearchLab:11":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"11","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":51.02618653934685,"longitude":-1.396997645544056},"name":"Hursley"},{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":53.344588726082456,"longitude":-2.6380909429014765},"name":"Daresbury"}],"landing_description":"At IBM Research – UK, we bring cutting-edge computational science and engineering as well as applicable technologies, such as data-centric cognitive computing, to boost the growth and development of the UK economy.","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:3458"},"name":"United Kingdom","slug":"uk","url":"/labs/europe"},"UploadFile:4084":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"4084","alternativeText":null,"url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/20220722_Cait_Oppermann_IBM_Yorktown_093_01_1_47c92f0fb9.jpg","width":8256,"height":5504},"ResearchLab:4":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"4","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":41.20997749456026,"longitude":-73.80141290180126},"name":"Thomas J. Watson Research Center"}],"landing_description":"The Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, NY is the global headquarters of IBM Research.","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:4084"},"name":"Yorktown Heights","slug":"yorktown-heights","url":"/labs/watson/"},"UploadFile:4600":{"__typename":"UploadFile","id":"4600","alternativeText":null,"url":"https://research-website-prod-cms-uploads.s3.us.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/Cait_Oppermann_2018_06_IBM_Zurich_2d72320bfc.jpg","width":8136,"height":3968},"ResearchLab:10":{"__typename":"ResearchLab","id":"10","isPublic":true,"labLocations":[{"__typename":"ResearchLabLocation","coordinates":{"__typename":"GeoCoordinates","latitude":47.3099697826875,"longitude":8.545226125589997},"name":"Zurich"}],"landing_description":"IBM Research Europe – Zurich pursues cutting-edge research for tomorrow’s technology landscape. Through close relationships with academic and industrial partners, we’re advancing Europe’s innovation agenda.","leadspace_image":{"__ref":"UploadFile:4600"},"name":"Zurich","slug":"zurich","url":"/labs/zurich"},"ROOT_QUERY":{"__typename":"Query","labsLanding":{"__typename":"LabsLanding","description":"This year marks our 80th anniversary in delivering breakthrough research.\n\nSee our latest work from the 12 labs spread across 19 sites around the world.","seo":{"__ref":"ComponentSharedSeo:1146"},"title":"Labs"},"labs({\"first\":100})":{"__typename":"QueryLabs_Connection","nodes":[{"__ref":"ResearchLab:1"},{"__ref":"ResearchLab:3"},{"__ref":"ResearchLab:2"},{"__ref":"ResearchLab:8"},{"__ref":"ResearchLab:5"},{"__ref":"ResearchLab:7"},{"__ref":"ResearchLab:9"},{"__ref":"ResearchLab:12"},{"__ref":"ResearchLab:6"},{"__ref":"ResearchLab:11"},{"__ref":"ResearchLab:4"},{"__ref":"ResearchLab:10"}]}}}},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/labs","query":{},"buildId":"nsOKJ8TNHANkJjjZX9MS_","isFallback":false,"gssp":true,"locale":"en-US","locales":["en-US"],"defaultLocale":"en-US","scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>