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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shackleton (crater)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Шакълтън (кратер) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шакълтън (кратер)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shackleton_(cr%C3%A0ter)" title="Shackleton (cràter) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shackleton (cràter)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shackleton_(m%C3%A5nekrater)" title="Shackleton (månekrater) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shackleton (månekrater)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shackleton_(Mondkrater)" title="Shackleton (Mondkrater) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shackleton (Mondkrater)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shackleton_(cr%C3%A1ter)" title="Shackleton (cráter) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shackleton (cráter)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shackleton_(kratero)" title="Shackleton (kratero) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Shackleton (kratero)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87)" title="شکلتون (دهانه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شکلتون (دهانه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shackleton_(crat%C3%A8re)" title="Shackleton (cratère) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shackleton (cratère)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%80%ED%81%B4%ED%84%B4_(%EC%B6%A9%EB%8F%8C%EA%B5%AC)" title="섀클턴 (충돌구) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="섀클턴 (충돌구)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cratere_Shackleton" title="Cratere Shackleton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cratere Shackleton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A9_%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מכתש שקלטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכתש שקלטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ekltons_(kr%C4%81teris)" title="Šekltons (krāteris) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šekltons (krāteris)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shackleton_(Moundkrater)" title="Shackleton (Moundkrater) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Shackleton (Moundkrater)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3_(%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC)" title="シャクルトン (クレーター) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャクルトン (クレーター)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Шеклтон (беттан кратер) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шеклтон (беттан кратер)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shackleton_(krater)" title="Shackleton (krater) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shackleton (krater)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cratera_Shackleton" title="Cratera Shackleton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cratera Shackleton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Шеклтон (лунный кратер) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шеклтон (лунный кратер)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shackleton_(Kuun_kraatteri)" title="Shackleton (Kuun kraatteri) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shackleton (Kuun kraatteri)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shackleton_(m%C3%A5nkrater)" title="Shackleton (månkrater) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shackleton (månkrater)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B)" title="Шеклтон (ай кратеры) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шеклтон (ай кратеры)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80)" title="Шеклтон (кратер) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шеклтон (кратер)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shackleton_(crater)&params=89.67_S_129.78_E_globe:moon_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">89°40′S</span> <span class="longitude">129°47′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">89.67°S 129.78°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-89.67; 129.78</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_crater&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Shackleton crater">Shackleton crater</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lunar impact crater</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Feature on the moon</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Shackleton</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lunar_south_pole_summer_annotated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Lunar_south_pole_summer_annotated.jpg/290px-Lunar_south_pole_summer_annotated.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Lunar_south_pole_summer_annotated.jpg/435px-Lunar_south_pole_summer_annotated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Lunar_south_pole_summer_annotated.jpg/580px-Lunar_south_pole_summer_annotated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2376" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">South lunar pole</a> as imaged by the <a href="/wiki/Diviner" title="Diviner">Diviner</a> instrument on the NASA's <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a>. Shackleton is at bottom center.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Selenographic_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenographic coordinates">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shackleton_(crater)&params=89.67_S_129.78_E_globe:moon_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">89°40′S</span> <span class="longitude">129°47′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">89.67°S 129.78°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-89.67; 129.78</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">Diameter</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21.0 km<sup id="cite_ref-science322_5903_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science322_5903-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crater_depth" title="Crater depth">Depth</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.2 km<sup id="cite_ref-science322_5903_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science322_5903-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Selenographic_coordinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenographic coordinates">Colongitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>0</i>° at sunrise</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Ernest Shackleton</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shackleton</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">impact crater</a> that lies at the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">lunar south pole</a>. The peaks along the crater's rim are exposed to almost continual sunlight, while the interior is <a href="/wiki/Permanently_shadowed_crater" title="Permanently shadowed crater">perpetually in shadow</a>. The low-temperature interior of this crater functions as a cold trap that may capture and freeze <a href="/wiki/Volatile_(astrogeology)" title="Volatile (astrogeology)">volatiles</a> shed during <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comet</a> impacts on the Moon. Measurements by the <i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></i> spacecraft showed higher than normal amounts of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> within the crater, which may indicate the presence of water ice. The crater is named after <a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a> explorer <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Ernest Shackleton</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_(crater)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shackleton_Crater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Shackleton_Crater.jpg/220px-Shackleton_Crater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Shackleton_Crater.jpg/330px-Shackleton_Crater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Shackleton_Crater.jpg/440px-Shackleton_Crater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2637" /></a><figcaption>Mosaic of the Shackleton Crater created by LROC (<a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a>) and <a href="/wiki/ShadowCam" class="mw-redirect" title="ShadowCam">ShadowCam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The rotational axis of the Moon passes through Shackleton, near the rim. The crater is 21 km (13 miles) in diameter and 4.2 km (2.6 miles) deep.<sup id="cite_ref-science322_5903_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science322_5903-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the Earth, it is viewed edge-on in a region of rough, cratered terrain. It is located within the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole%E2%80%93Aitken_basin" title="South Pole–Aitken basin">South Pole–Aitken basin</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Massif" title="Massif">massif</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grl35_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grl35-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rim is slightly raised about the surrounding surface and it has an outer rampart that has been only lightly impacted. No significant craters intersect the rim, and it is sloped about 1.5° toward the direction 50–90° from the Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-science322_5903_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science322_5903-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-esa060113_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esa060113-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The age of the crater is about 3.6 billion years and it has been in the proximity of the south lunar pole for at least the last two billion years.<sup id="cite_ref-grl35_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grl35-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because the <a href="/wiki/Orbit_of_the_Moon" title="Orbit of the Moon">orbit of the Moon</a> is tilted only 1.5° from the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-space_com_moon_formation_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space_com_moon_formation-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the interior of this crater lies in perpetual darkness. Estimates of the area in permanent shadow were obtained from Earth-based radar studies.<sup id="cite_ref-Margot1999_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Margot1999-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peaks along the rim of the crater are almost continually illuminated by sunlight, spending about 80–90% of each lunar orbit exposed to the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-spudis_etal_95_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spudis_etal_95-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Continuously illuminated mountains have been termed <a href="/wiki/Peak_of_eternal_light" title="Peak of eternal light">peaks of eternal light</a> and have been predicted to exist since the early nineteenth century. </p><p>The shadowed portion of the crater was imaged with the Terrain Camera of the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE</a> spacecraft using the illumination of sunlight reflected off the rim. The interior of the crater consists of a symmetrical 30° slope that leads down to a 6.6 km (4.1 miles) diameter floor. The handful of craters along the interior span no more than a few hundred meters. The bottom is covered by an uneven mound-like feature that is 300 to 400 m (980–1,310 ft) thick. The central peak is about 200 m (660 ft) in height.<sup id="cite_ref-science322_5903_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science322_5903-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-haruyama07_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haruyama07-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The continuous shadows in the south polar craters cause the floors of these formations to maintain a temperature that never exceeds about 100 K (−173 °C; −280 °F). For Shackleton, the average temperature was determined to be about 90 K (−183 °C; −298 °F), reaching 88 K at the crater floor. Under these conditions, the estimated rate of loss from any ice in the interior would be 10<sup>−26</sup> to 10<sup>−27</sup> m/s. Any water vapor that arrives here following a <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">cometary</a> impact on the Moon would lie permanently frozen on or below the surface. However, the surface <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedo</a> of the crater floor matches the lunar far-side, suggesting that there is no exposed surface ice.<sup id="cite_ref-science322_5903_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science322_5903-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-icarus100_1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icarus100_1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This crater was named after <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Ernest Shackleton</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_people" title="Anglo-Irish people">Anglo-Irish</a> explorer of <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> from 1901 until his death in 1922. The name was officially adopted by the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-gpr_usgs_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gpr_usgs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearby craters of note include <a href="/wiki/Shoemaker_(lunar_crater)" title="Shoemaker (lunar crater)">Shoemaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haworth_(crater)" title="Haworth (crater)">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Gerlache_(crater)" title="De Gerlache (crater)">de Gerlache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sverdrup_(crater)" title="Sverdrup (crater)">Sverdrup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slater_(crater)" title="Slater (crater)">Slater</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Faustini_(crater)" title="Faustini (crater)">Faustini</a>. Somewhat farther away, on the eastern hemisphere of the lunar near side, are the larger craters <a href="/wiki/Amundsen_(crater)" title="Amundsen (crater)">Amundsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scott_(crater)" title="Scott (crater)">Scott</a>, named after two other early explorers of the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a> continent.<sup id="cite_ref-bussey_spudis04_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bussey_spudis04-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exploration">Exploration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_(crater)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_gerlache_shackleton_sverdrup_crater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/De_gerlache_shackleton_sverdrup_crater.jpg/220px-De_gerlache_shackleton_sverdrup_crater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/De_gerlache_shackleton_sverdrup_crater.jpg/330px-De_gerlache_shackleton_sverdrup_crater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/De_gerlache_shackleton_sverdrup_crater.jpg/440px-De_gerlache_shackleton_sverdrup_crater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Shackleton as imaged by <i><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>From the perspective of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, this crater lies along the southern limb of the Moon, making observation difficult. Detailed mapping of the polar regions and farside of the Moon did not occur until the advent of orbiting spacecraft. Shackleton lies entirely within the rim of the immense <a href="/wiki/South_Pole-Aitken_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="South Pole-Aitken basin">South Pole-Aitken basin</a>, which is one of the largest known impact formations in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. This basin is over 12 kilometers deep, and an exploration of its properties could provide useful information about the lunar interior.<sup id="cite_ref-pieters_etal03_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pieters_etal03-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">spectrometer</a> on board the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a> spacecraft detected enhanced concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> close to the northern and southern lunar poles, including the crater Shackleton.<sup id="cite_ref-feldman98_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feldman98-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of this mission in July 1999, the spacecraft was crashed into the nearby crater <a href="/wiki/Shoemaker_(lunar_crater)" title="Shoemaker (lunar crater)">Shoemaker</a> in the hope of detecting from Earth-based telescopes an impact-generated plume containing water vapor. The impact event did not produce any detectable water vapor, and this may be an indication that the hydrogen is not in the form of <a href="/wiki/Hydrate" title="Hydrate">hydrated</a> <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a>, or that the impact site did not contain any ice.<sup id="cite_ref-science_nasa991013_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science_nasa991013-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, it is possible that the crash did not excavate deeply enough into the <a href="/wiki/Regolith" title="Regolith">regolith</a> to liberate significant quantities of water vapor. </p><p>From Earth-based radar and spacecraft images of the crater edge, Shackleton appears to be relatively intact; much like a young crater that has not been significantly eroded from subsequent impacts. This may mean that the inner sides are relatively steep, which may make traversing the sides relatively difficult for a robotic vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-zakrajsek05_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zakrajsek05-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, it is possible that the interior floor might not have collected a significant quantity of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/volatile" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:volatile">volatiles</a> since its formation. However other craters in the vicinity are considerably older, and may contain significant deposits of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, possibly in the form of water ice. (See <a href="/wiki/Shoemaker_(lunar_crater)" title="Shoemaker (lunar crater)">Shoemaker (lunar crater)</a>, for example.) </p><p><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a> studies preceding and following the Lunar Prospector mission demonstrate that the inner walls of Shackleton are similar in <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">reflective characteristics</a> to those of some sunlit craters. In particular, the surroundings appear to contain a significant number of blocks in its ejecta blanket, suggesting that its radar properties are a result of surface roughness, and not ice deposits, as was previously suggested from a radar experiment involving the <a href="/wiki/Clementine_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Clementine mission">Clementine mission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-icarus180_1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icarus180_1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This interpretation, however, is not universally agreed upon within the scientific community.<sup id="cite_ref-space_review06_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space_review06-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radar images of the crater at a wavelength of 13 cm show no evidence for water ice deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-nature443_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature443-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Optical imaging inside the crater was done for the first time by the Japanese lunar orbiter spacecraft <i><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">Kaguya</a></i> in 2007. It did not have any evidence of significant amount of water ice, down to the image resolution of 10 m per pixel.<sup id="cite_ref-science322_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science322-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jaxa081024_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jaxa081024-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 15, 2008, a 34-kg probe made a hard landing near the crater.<sup id="cite_ref-jsr603_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jsr603-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a> (MIP) was launched from the Indian <a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a> spacecraft and reached the surface 25 minutes later. The probe carried a radar altimeter, video imaging system, and a mass spectrometer, which detected the presence of water during the descent.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potential_uses">Potential uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_(crater)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Potential uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Degerlache_crater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Degerlache_crater.jpg/220px-Degerlache_crater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Degerlache_crater.jpg/330px-Degerlache_crater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Degerlache_crater.jpg/440px-Degerlache_crater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Shackleton as imaged by <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">LRO</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radar_Image_of_the_Lunar_South_Pole_from_Jean-Luc_Margot%27s_PhD_thesis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Radar_Image_of_the_Lunar_South_Pole_from_Jean-Luc_Margot%27s_PhD_thesis.jpg/220px-Radar_Image_of_the_Lunar_South_Pole_from_Jean-Luc_Margot%27s_PhD_thesis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Radar_Image_of_the_Lunar_South_Pole_from_Jean-Luc_Margot%27s_PhD_thesis.jpg/330px-Radar_Image_of_the_Lunar_South_Pole_from_Jean-Luc_Margot%27s_PhD_thesis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Radar_Image_of_the_Lunar_South_Pole_from_Jean-Luc_Margot%27s_PhD_thesis.jpg/440px-Radar_Image_of_the_Lunar_South_Pole_from_Jean-Luc_Margot%27s_PhD_thesis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Shackleton Crater as imaged by Earth-based <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some sites along Shackleton's rim receive almost constant illumination. At these locales sunlight is almost always available for conversion into <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a> using <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic module">solar panels</a>, potentially making them good locations for future <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Moon landings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lpsc35_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpsc35-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temperature at this site is also more favorable than at more equatorial latitudes as it does not experience the daily temperature extremes of 100 °C when the Sun is overhead, to as low as −150 °C during the lunar night. </p><p>While scientific experiments performed by <a href="/wiki/Clementine_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Clementine mission">Clementine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a> could indicate the presence of water in the polar craters, the current evidence is far from definitive. There are doubts among scientists as to whether or not the hydrogen is in the form of ice, as well as to the concentration of this "ore" with depth below the surface. Resolution of this issue will require future missions to the Moon. The potential presence of water suggests that the crater floor could be "mined" for deposits of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> in water form, a commodity that is expensive to deliver directly from the Earth. </p><p>This crater has also been proposed as a future site for a large <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> <a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cospar34_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cospar34-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The low temperature of the crater floor makes it ideal for infrared observations, and <a href="/wiki/Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">solar cells</a> placed along the rim could provide near-continuous power to the observatory. About 120 kilometers from the crater lies the 5-km tall <a href="/wiki/Malapert_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Malapert Mountain">Malapert Mountain</a>, a peak that is perpetually visible from the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, and which could serve as a <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> relay station when suitably equipped.<sup id="cite_ref-space02_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space02-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> named the rim of Shackleton as a potential candidate for its <a href="/wiki/Lunar_outpost_(NASA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar outpost (NASA)">lunar outpost</a>, originally slated to be up and running by 2020 and continuously staffed by a crew by 2024. The location would promote self-sustainability for lunar residents, as perpetual sunlight on the south pole would provide energy for solar panels. Furthermore, the shadowed polar regions are believed to contain the frozen water necessary for human consumption and could also be harvested for fuel manufacture.<sup id="cite_ref-kluger06_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kluger06-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crater is a major landing site candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis program</a> and could be explored by a crew starting in 2026<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a possible first lunar outpost in 2028.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_(crater)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shackleton plays prominently in the <a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">alternate history</a> television drama series <i><a href="/wiki/For_All_Mankind_(TV_series)" title="For All Mankind (TV series)">For All Mankind</a></i>. In the program, astronauts in a fictionalized version of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a> mission land near Shackleton in 1971 and discover water ice in the crater walls. Later, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> establish competing, crewed bases next to the crater to take advantage of the ice for drinking, oxygen and other uses. </p><p>Shackleton was also the site of the first lunar base in <i><a href="/wiki/Mass_Effect" title="Mass Effect">Mass Effect</a></i>. It was chosen as a location due to its hypothesised water ice deposits. </p><p>Shackleton was the location for the site of the Chinese National Space Agency moonbase Guang Han Gong-1 in the fictional podcast series <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transmissions_from_Colony_One&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transmissions from Colony One (page does not exist)">Transmissions from Colony One</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pusher_(musician)" title="Pusher (musician)">Pusher (musician)</a>, in his album published in late September 2023 named "King of the Moon", heavily references a location called "Shackleton Heights", where his album's back-story takes place. </p><p>Shackleton was the landing site for the Korean movie <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Moon_(2024_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Moon (2024 film) (page does not exist)">The_Moon (2024 film)</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_(crater)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 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href="/wiki/Lunar_water" title="Lunar water">Lunar ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">Lunar south pole</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_(crater)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5450">"Shackleton"</a>. <i>Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Malapert Mountain Revisited". <i>Proceedings of Space 2002: The Eighth International Conference And Exposition On Engineering, Construction, Operations, And Business In Space</i>. pp. 129–135. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002spro.conf..129S">2002spro.conf..129S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Malapert+Mountain+Revisited&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+Space+2002%3A+The+Eighth+International+Conference+And+Exposition+On+Engineering%2C+Construction%2C+Operations%2C+And+Business+In+Space&rft.pages=129-135&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002spro.conf..129S&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+Burton+L.&rft.au=Schrunk%2C+David+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShackleton+%28crater%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kluger06-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kluger06_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKluger2006" class="citation news cs1">Kluger, Jeffry (December 5, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930101100/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1566272,00.html?cnn=yes">"Promising the Moon"</a>. CNN. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1566272,00.html?cnn=yes">the original</a> on September 30, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Promising+the+Moon&rft.date=2006-12-05&rft.aulast=Kluger&rft.aufirst=Jeffry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fnation%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1566272%2C00.html%3Fcnn%3Dyes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShackleton+%28crater%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/nasa-delays-artemis-2-and-3-missions/">"NASA delays Artemis 2 and 3 missions"</a>. 9 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+delays+Artemis+2+and+3+missions&rft.date=2024-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fnasa-delays-artemis-2-and-3-missions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShackleton+%28crater%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunbar2019" class="citation web cs1">Dunbar, Brian (2019-04-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191207145028/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/moon-s-south-pole-in-nasa-s-landing-sites/">"Moon's South Pole in NASA's Landing Sites"</a>. <i>NASA</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/moon-s-south-pole-in-nasa-s-landing-sites">the original</a> on 2019-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Moon%27s+South+Pole+in+NASA%27s+Landing+Sites&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft.aulast=Dunbar&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fmoon-s-south-pole-in-nasa-s-landing-sites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShackleton+%28crater%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_(crater)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x77vq50">Shackleton Crater Topography Visualization from NASA LRO</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/297783.stm">"Best site for Moonbase revealed"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. March 16, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Best+site+for+Moonbase+revealed&rft.date=1999-03-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F297783.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShackleton+%28crater%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorring2006" class="citation news cs1">Morring, F. Jr. (April 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviationnow.com/avnow/news/channel_space_story.jsp?id=news/LRO04116.xml">"NASA Sending Piggyback Impactors With Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter"</a>. Aviation Week<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NASA+Sending+Piggyback+Impactors+With+Lunar+Reconnaissance+Orbiter&rft.date=2006-04-11&rft.aulast=Morring&rft.aufirst=F.+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aviationnow.com%2Favnow%2Fnews%2Fchannel_space_story.jsp%3Fid%3Dnews%2FLRO04116.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShackleton+%28crater%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoingJosset2006" class="citation web cs1">Foing, Bernard H.; Josset, Jean-Luc (October 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/SMART-1/SEMP7QOFHTE_0.html">"Shackleton crater: SMART-1's search for light, shadow and ice at lunar South Pole"</a>. ESA/SMART-1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shackleton+crater%3A+SMART-1%27s+search+for+light%2C+shadow+and+ice+at+lunar+South+Pole&rft.pub=ESA%2FSMART-1&rft.date=2006-10-20&rft.aulast=Foing&rft.aufirst=Bernard+H.&rft.au=Josset%2C+Jean-Luc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esa.int%2FSPECIALS%2FSMART-1%2FSEMP7QOFHTE_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShackleton+%28crater%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2007" class="citation web cs1">Wood, Chuck (November 14, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lpod.org/wiki/November_14,_2007">"A View of Our Future"</a>. Lunar Photo of the Day<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+View+of+Our+Future&rft.pub=Lunar+Photo+of+the+Day&rft.date=2007-11-14&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.lpod.org%2Fwiki%2FNovember_14%2C_2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShackleton+%28crater%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoschny,_DetlefGrieger,_Björn" class="citation web cs1">Koschny, Detlef; Grieger, Björn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929155429/http://www.europlanet-eu.org/demo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=130">"Taking a SMART sidelong look at Peak of Eternal Light"</a>. Europlanet Research Infrastructure. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europlanet-eu.org/demo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=130">the original</a> on 2011-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taking+a+SMART+sidelong+look+at+Peak+of+Eternal+Light&rft.pub=Europlanet+Research+Infrastructure&rft.au=Koschny%2C+Detlef&rft.au=Grieger%2C+Bj%C3%B6rn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europlanet-eu.org%2Fdemo%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShackleton+%28crater%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100802113435/http://www.diviner.ucla.edu/gallery/figure_4b_full_res.jpg">"Diviner lunar south pole image"</a>. UCLA. August 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diviner.ucla.edu/gallery/figure_4b_full_res.jpg">the original</a> on August 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Gravitation of the Moon">Gravity field</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hill_sphere" title="Hill sphere">Hill sphere</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field_of_the_Moon" title="Magnetic field of the Moon">Magnetic field</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_tail_of_the_Moon" title="Sodium tail of the Moon">Sodium tail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moonlight" title="Moonlight">Moonlight</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earthlight_(astronomy)" title="Earthlight (astronomy)">Earthshine</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FullMoon2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A full moon"><img alt="A full moon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FullMoon2010.jpg/90px-FullMoon2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FullMoon2010.jpg/135px-FullMoon2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/FullMoon2010.jpg/180px-FullMoon2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2580" data-file-height="2452" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orbit_of_the_Moon" title="Orbit of the Moon">Orbit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_distance_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar distance (astronomy)">Lunar distance</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_elements" title="Orbital elements">Orbital elements</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_distance_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar distance (astronomy)">Distance</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee and apogee</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Libration" title="Libration">Libration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_node" title="Lunar node">Nodes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nodal_period" title="Nodal period">Nodal period</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_precession" title="Lunar precession">Precession</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syzygy_(astronomy)" title="Syzygy (astronomy)">Syzygy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">New moon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Full_moon" title="Full moon">Full moon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eclipse" title="Eclipse">Eclipses</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_eclipse" title="Lunar eclipse">Lunar eclipse</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_penumbral_lunar_eclipse" title="Total penumbral lunar eclipse">Total penumbral lunar eclipse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tetrad_(astronomy)" title="Tetrad (astronomy)">Tetrad</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">Solar eclipse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipses_on_the_Moon" title="Solar eclipses on the Moon">Solar eclipses on the Moon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_cycle" title="Eclipse cycle">Eclipse cycle</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supermoon" title="Supermoon">Supermoon</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">Tide</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tidal_force" title="Tidal force">Tidal force</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tidal_locking" title="Tidal locking">Tidal locking</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tidal_acceleration" title="Tidal acceleration">Tidal acceleration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tidal_range" title="Tidal range">Tidal range</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_station" title="Lunar station">Lunar station</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_features" title="List of lunar features">features</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Selenography" title="Selenography">Selenography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_terminator" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar terminator">Terminator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_limb" title="Lunar limb">Limb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Hemispheres</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Near_side_of_the_Moon" title="Near side of the Moon">Near side</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">Far side</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Poles</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_north_pole" title="Lunar north pole">North pole</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">South pole</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Face_on_Moon_South_Pole" title="Face on Moon South Pole">Face</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_mare" title="Lunar mare">Maria</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_maria_on_the_Moon" title="List of maria on the Moon">List</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_on_the_Moon" title="List of mountains on the Moon">Mountains</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peak_of_eternal_light" title="Peak of eternal light">Peak of eternal light</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_on_the_Moon" title="List of valleys on the Moon">Valleys</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_on_the_Moon#Features" title="Volcanism on the Moon">Volcanic features</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_dome" title="Lunar dome">Domes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Caldera#The_Moon" title="Caldera">Calderas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_lava_tube" title="Lunar lava tube">Lava tubes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_craters" title="Lunar craters">Craters</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_craters_on_the_Moon" title="List of craters on the Moon">List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_system#Lunar_rays" title="Ray system">Ray systems</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Permanently_shadowed_crater" title="Permanently shadowed crater">Permanently shadowed craters</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Pole%E2%80%93Aitken_basin" title="South Pole–Aitken basin">South Pole–Aitken basin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar soil">Soil</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_swirls" title="Lunar swirls">swirls</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rille" title="Rille">Rilles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wrinkle_ridge" title="Wrinkle ridge">Wrinkle ridges</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Rocks</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_basalt_70017" title="Lunar basalt 70017">Lunar basalt 70017</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Changesite-(Y)" title="Changesite-(Y)">Changesite-(Y)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_water" title="Lunar water">Water</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_weathering" title="Space weathering">Space weathering</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Micrometeorite" title="Micrometeorite">Micrometeorite</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sputtering" title="Sputtering">Sputtering</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quake_(natural_phenomenon)#Moonquake" title="Quake (natural phenomenon)">Quakes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transient_lunar_phenomenon" title="Transient lunar phenomenon">Transient lunar phenomenon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Selenographic_coordinate_system" title="Selenographic coordinate system">Selenographic coordinate system</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_observation" title="Lunar observation">Observation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Libration#Lunar_libration" title="Libration">Libration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_theory" title="Lunar theory">Lunar theory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Moon" title="Origin of the Moon">Origin</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giant-impact_hypothesis" title="Giant-impact hypothesis">Giant-impact hypothesis</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theia_(planet)" title="Theia (planet)">Theia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_magma_ocean" title="Lunar magma ocean">Lunar magma ocean</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Moon" title="Geology of the Moon">Geology</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_geologic_timescale" title="Lunar geologic timescale">Timescale</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Late_Heavy_Bombardment" title="Late Heavy Bombardment">Late Heavy Bombardment</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_meteorite" title="Lunar meteorite">Lunar meteorites</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/KREEP" title="KREEP">KREEP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_on_the_Moon" title="Volcanism on the Moon">Volcanism</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Experiments</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Laser_Ranging_experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Laser Ranging experiment">Lunar laser ranging</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Experiments_Package" title="Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package">ALSEP</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_lunar_sample_display" title="Apollo 11 lunar sample display">Apollo 11</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17_lunar_sample_display" title="Apollo 17 lunar sample display">Apollo 17</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_seismology" title="Lunar seismology">Lunar seismology</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Missions</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_walked_on_the_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people who have walked on the Moon">Explorers</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">Probes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Landing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moonbase" title="Moonbase">Moonbase</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_on_the_Moon" title="Tourism on the Moon">Tourism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Time-telling <br />and <a href="/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar calendar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar calendar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Month" title="Month">Month</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_month" title="Lunar month">Lunar month</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nodal_period" title="Nodal period">Nodal period</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fortnight" title="Fortnight">Fortnight</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Week" title="Week">Sennight</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_station" title="Lunar station">Lunar station</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_distance_(navigation)" title="Lunar distance (navigation)">Lunar distance</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_phase" title="Lunar phase">Phases</a> and<br />names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_moon" title="New moon">New</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Full_moon" title="Full moon">Full</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Full_moon#Full_moon_names" title="Full moon">Names</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crescent" title="Crescent">Crescent</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Supermoon" title="Supermoon">Super and micro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_eclipse" title="Lunar eclipse">Blood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blue_moon" title="Blue moon">Blue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_moon" title="Black moon">Black</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dark_moon" title="Dark moon">Dark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wet_moon" title="Wet moon">Wet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tetrad_(astronomy)" title="Tetrad (astronomy)">Tetrad</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Daily phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moonrise_and_moonset" title="Moonrise and moonset">Moonrise</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Culmination" title="Culmination">Meridian passage</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moonrise_and_moonset" title="Moonrise and moonset">Moonset</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_deity" title="Lunar deity">Lunar deities</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_effect" title="Lunar effect">Lunar effect</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Earth_phase" title="Earth phase">Earth phase</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_illusion" title="Moon illusion">Moon illusion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_pareidolia" title="Lunar pareidolia">Pareidolia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Man_in_the_Moon" title="Man in the Moon">Man in the Moon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_rabbit" title="Moon rabbit">Moon rabbit</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_with_craters_of_the_Moon_named_after_them" title="List of people with craters of the Moon named after them">Craters named after people</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">Artificial objects on the Moon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_memorials#The_Moon" title="List of extraterrestrial memorials">Memorials on the Moon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_in_science_fiction" title="Moon in science fiction">Moon in science fiction</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_appearances_of_the_Moon_in_fiction" title="List of appearances of the Moon in fiction">list</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_astronauts_(Project_Apollo_era)" title="List of fictional astronauts (Project Apollo era)">Apollo era</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_astronauts_(futuristic_exploration_of_Moon)" title="List of fictional astronauts (futuristic exploration of Moon)">futuristic exploration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Moon" title="Hollow Moon">Hollow Moon</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_Treaty" title="Moon Treaty">Moon Treaty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/The_Moon_is_made_of_green_cheese" title="The Moon is made of green cheese">Moon is made of green cheese</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Natural satellite</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Double_planet" title="Double planet">Double planet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_objects_proposed_in_religion,_astrology,_ufology_and_pseudoscience#Lilith" title="Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience">Lilith (hypothetical second moon)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Splitting_of_the_Moon" title="Splitting of the Moon">Splitting of the Moon</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Moon" title="Category:Moon">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colonization_of_the_Moon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_colonization" title="Template:Moon colonization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_colonization" title="Template talk:Moon colonization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moon_colonization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moon colonization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colonization_of_the_Moon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">American projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Horizon" title="Project Horizon">Project Horizon</a> (1960s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunex_Project" title="Lunex Project">Lunex Project</a> (1960s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Applications_Program" title="Apollo Applications Program">Apollo Lunar Base</a> (1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSC_Moon_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="JSC Moon Base">JSC Moon Base</a> (1980s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lunox (page does not exist)">Lunox</a> (1990s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_outpost_(NASA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar outpost (NASA)">Lunar Outpost</a> (2000s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis Program">Artemis Base Camp</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lunar_Base-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lunar_Base-1.jpg/130px-Lunar_Base-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lunar_Base-1.jpg/195px-Lunar_Base-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lunar_Base-1.jpg/260px-Lunar_Base-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="359" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soviet and<br />Russian projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(moonbase)" title="Zvezda (moonbase)">Zvezda moonbase</a> (1960s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KLE_Complex_Lunar_Expedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KLE Complex Lunar Expedition (page does not exist)">KLE Complex Lunar Expedition</a> (1970s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L3M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L3M (page does not exist)">L3M</a> (1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Expeditionary_Complex" title="Lunar Expeditionary Complex">Lunar Expeditionary Complex</a> (1970s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_Lunar_Expedition" title="Energia Lunar Expedition">Energia Lunar Expedition</a> (1980s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Lunny Poligon</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese and<br />Russian project</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (late 2020s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Man_Will_Conquer_Space_Soon!" title="Man Will Conquer Space Soon!">Man Will Conquer Space Soon!</a>" (1950s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Project" title="Artemis Project">Artemis Project</a> (1990s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Lunar_Return_study" title="Human Lunar Return study">Human Lunar Return</a> (1990s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chinese Lunar Base</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA Moon Base</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_Roris" title="Sinus Roris">Sinus Roris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes_(crater)" title="Eratosthenes (crater)">Eratosthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_Medii" title="Sinus Medii">Sinus Medii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montes_Apenninus" title="Montes Apenninus">Montes Apenninus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_(lunar_crater)" title="Kepler (lunar crater)">Kepler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peary_(crater)" title="Peary (crater)">Peary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moonbase" title="Moonbase">Moonbase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_on_the_Moon" title="Tourism on the Moon">Tourism on the Moon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_(crater)&oldid=1259235631">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shackleton_(crater)&oldid=1259235631</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:LQ30_quadrangle" title="Category:LQ30 quadrangle">LQ30 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