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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contemporary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Contemporary use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambiguity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambiguity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ambiguity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambiguity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Form" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Form"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Form</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Form-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Form subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Form-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Letters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Letters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vowel_diacritics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowel_diacritics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Vowel diacritics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowel_diacritics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novel_coda_diacritics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novel_coda_diacritics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Novel coda diacritics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novel_coda_diacritics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punctuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punctuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Punctuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punctuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cipher" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cipher"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cipher</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cipher-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sample texts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sample_texts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sample texts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sample_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boné_Chronicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boné_Chronicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Boné Chronicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boné_Chronicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Unicode subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Block" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Block"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Block</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Block-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sorting_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sorting_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sorting order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sorting_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_Old_Makassar_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_Old_Makassar_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Comparison with Old Makassar script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_Old_Makassar_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lontara script</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_Lontara" title="Tulisan Lontara – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tulisan Lontara" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskriturang_Lontara" title="Iskriturang Lontara – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Iskriturang Lontara" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skritur_lontarek" title="Skritur lontarek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skritur lontarek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontara" title="Lontara – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lontara" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontara" title="Lontara – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lontara" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89criture_lontara" title="Écriture lontara – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écriture lontara" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%A0%ED%83%80%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="론타라 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="론타라 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Lontara" title="Aksara Lontara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara Lontara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontara" title="Lontara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lontara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Lontara" title="Aksara Lontara – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aksara Lontara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontara" title="Lontara – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lontara" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_Lontara" title="Tulisan Lontara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulisan Lontara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Lontara" title="Aksara Lontara – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Aksara Lontara" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%82%AE%E3%82%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="ブギス文字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブギス文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontara" title="Lontara – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lontara" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontara" title="Lontara – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lontara" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Лонтара – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лонтара" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontara" title="Lontara – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lontara" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="อักษรลนตารา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรลนตารา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%98_%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%84_%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%9B%E1%A8%84" title="ᨕᨘᨑᨘᨄᨘ ᨔᨘᨒᨄ ᨕᨛᨄ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨘᨑᨘᨄᨘ ᨔᨘᨒᨄ ᨕᨛᨄ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Лонтара – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лонтара" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_Lontara" title="Chữ Lontara – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ Lontara" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%86%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87" title="隆塔拉文 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="隆塔拉文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Lontara" title="Aksara Lontara – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Aksara Lontara" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1074947#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indonesian writing system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the palm-leaf manuscripts, see <a href="/wiki/Lontara" title="Lontara">Lontara</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:navajowhite;">Lontara<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"><span title="Buginese-language text"><span lang="bug">ᨒᨚᨈᨑ</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kata_lontara.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Kata_lontara.png/250px-Kata_lontara.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Kata_lontara.png/375px-Kata_lontara.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Kata_lontara.png/500px-Kata_lontara.png 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="517" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">15th century – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074947?uselang=en#P1406" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar</a>, (slightly modified for <a href="/wiki/Bima_language" title="Bima language">Bima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ende_language_(Indonesia)" title="Ende language (Indonesia)">Ende</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_language" title="Sumbawa language">Sumbawa</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic alphabet">Proto-Sinaitic alphabet</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%81hm%C4%AB_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Brāhmī script">Brāhmī</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Pallava</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Kawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kawi">Old Kawi</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Lontara</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sister systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balinese_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Balinese alphabet">Balinese</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin scripts</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rencong_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rencong script">Rencong</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">Bugi</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">(367)</span>, Buginese</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Buginese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1A00.pdf">U+1A00–U+1A1F</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lontara.svg/40px-Lontara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lontara.svg/60px-Lontara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Lontara.svg/80px-Lontara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="35" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Lontara_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lontara alphabet">Lontara script</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support#Lontara" title="Help:Multilingual support">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of Lontara characters.</div></div> </div> <p>The <b>Lontara script</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r965159811">.mw-parser-output .script-lontara{font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,"Leelawadee UI","Noto Sans Buginese",Code2000}</style><span class="script-lontara">ᨒᨚᨈᨑ</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as the <b>Bugis script</b>, <b>Bugis-Makassar script</b>, or <b>Urupu Sulapa’ Eppa’</b> "four-cornered letters", is one of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>'s traditional scripts developed in the <a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Sulawesi" title="West Sulawesi">West Sulawesi</a> region. The script is primarily used to write the <a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese language</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar</a>. Closely related variants of Lontara are also used to write several languages outside of Sulawesi such as <a href="/wiki/Bima_language" title="Bima language">Bima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ende_language_(Indonesia)" title="Ende language (Indonesia)">Ende</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_language" title="Sumbawa language">Sumbawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996213,_216_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996213,_216-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The script was actively used by several South Sulawesi societies for day-to-day and literary texts from at least mid-15th Century CE until the mid-20th Century CE, before its function was gradually supplanted by the Latin alphabet. Today the script is taught in <a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi Province</a> as part of the local curriculum, but with very limited usage in everyday life. </p><p>Lontara is an <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a> with 23 basic letters. The script is a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi</a> through <a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a> intermediaries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknight201657_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknight201657-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of other <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a>, each letter represents a syllable with an <a href="/wiki/Inherent_vowel" title="Inherent vowel">inherent vowel</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span>, which can be changed with diacritics. The direction of writing is left to right. Traditionally, the script is written without word breaks (<i><a href="/wiki/Scriptio_continua" title="Scriptio continua">scriptio continua</a></i>) and with little to no <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a>. A typical Lontara text may contain a lot of ambiguities as <a href="/wiki/Coda_(syllable)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coda (syllable)">coda syllables</a>, or consonants at the end of syllables, are normally not written and must be supplied by readers from context. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lontara is a descendant of the <a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi script</a>, used in <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a> around 800 CE. It is unclear whether the script is a direct descendant from Kawi, or derived from one of Kawi's other descendants. One theory states that it is modelled after the <a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang script</a>, perhaps due to their graphical similarities. But this claim may be unfounded as some characters of the Lontara are a late development.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term Lontara has also come to refer to literature regarding Bugis history and genealogy, an important subject in traditional South Sulawesi societies. Historically, Lontara was also used for a range of documents including contracts, trade laws, treaties, maps, and journals. These documents are commonly written in a contemporary-like book form, but they can be written in a traditional palm-leaf manuscript called lontar, in which a long, thin strip of dried lontar is rolled to a wooden axis in similar manner to a tape recorder. The text is then read by scrolling the lontar strip from left to right.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lontara in South Sulawesi appears to have first developed in Bugis area of the Cenrana-Walannae region at about 1400. Writing may have spread to other parts of the South Sulawesi from this region, but the possibility of independent developments cannot be dismissed. What is evident is that the earliest written records for which there is any evidence were genealogical.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When paper became available in South Sulawesi in the early 17th century, Lontara script, which previously had to be written straight, angled-corner and rigid on palm leaves, could now be written faster and more variedly using ink on paper. It is worth noting that R.A. Kern (1939:580-3) writes that modified curved letters in the Lontara script one finds written on paper do not appear to have been used in the palm-leaf Bugis manuscripts he examined.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through the efforts of Dutch Linguist, B.F. Matthes, printing types of the Bugis characters, designed and cast in Rotterdam in the mid-19th century, were used from that time onwards for printing in both the South Celebes capital, Makassar, and Amsterdam. They were also used as models for teaching the script in schools, first in Makassar and environs, and then gradually in other areas of South Celebes. This process of standardization clearly influenced the later handwriting of the script. As a standard style of the script emerged, previously existing variations disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes2019535_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes2019535-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 19th century, the use of the <a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a> (or <i>Jangang-Jangang</i> script) had been completely replaced by the Lontara Bugis script, which Makassarese writers sometimes referred to as "New Lontara". <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201949_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201949-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Latin alphabet has largely replaced Lontara, it is still used to a limited extent in Bugis and Makasar.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Bugis, its usage is limited to ceremonial purposes such as wedding ceremonies. Lontara is also used extensively in printing traditional Buginese literature. In Makasar, Lontara is additionally used for personal documents such as letters and notes. Those who are skilled in writing the script are known as <i>palontara</i>, or 'writing specialists'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, Lontara is used to write several languages of south Sulawesi. Most Lontara materials are written in the <a href="/wiki/Bugis_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugis language">Bugis language</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Makassar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Makassar language">Makassarese</a> and (by a rather wide margin) <a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Toraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja">Toraja</a> people who also reside in south Sulawesi do not use the script as their literary tradition is primarily oral based, without an indigenous written form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996213_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996213-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to Bugis-Makassar contact, modified Lontara are also used for several writing traditions outside of south Sulawesi, like the <a href="/wiki/Bima_language" title="Bima language">Bima</a>, in eastern <a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumbawa Island">Sumbawa Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ende_language_(Indonesia)" title="Ende language (Indonesia)">Ende</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flores" title="Flores">Flores</a> Island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996216_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996216-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3D3; font-size: 100%;"><b>Usage of Lontara script</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center;" colspan="2"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 337.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 335.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Historische_gedichten_en_fragmenten_uit_La_Galigo_po%C3%ABzie_in_het_Buginees_op_lontarblad_dat_op_twee_houten_klossen_gewikkeld_is_TMnr_668-215.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palmleaf manuscript of an I La Galigo episode, Tropenmuseum"><img alt="Palmleaf manuscript of an I La Galigo episode, Tropenmuseum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Historische_gedichten_en_fragmenten_uit_La_Galigo_po%C3%ABzie_in_het_Buginees_op_lontarblad_dat_op_twee_houten_klossen_gewikkeld_is_TMnr_668-215.jpg/503px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="336" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Historische_gedichten_en_fragmenten_uit_La_Galigo_po%C3%ABzie_in_het_Buginees_op_lontarblad_dat_op_twee_houten_klossen_gewikkeld_is_TMnr_668-215.jpg/755px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Historische_gedichten_en_fragmenten_uit_La_Galigo_po%C3%ABzie_in_het_Buginees_op_lontarblad_dat_op_twee_houten_klossen_gewikkeld_is_TMnr_668-215.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="477" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palmleaf manuscript of an <i>I La Galigo</i> episode, Tropenmuseum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BugineseMatthes1870s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paper manuscript of an I La Galigo episode, University of Leiden"><img alt="Paper manuscript of an I La Galigo episode, University of Leiden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/BugineseMatthes1870s.jpg/198px-BugineseMatthes1870s.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/BugineseMatthes1870s.jpg/298px-BugineseMatthes1870s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/BugineseMatthes1870s.jpg/397px-BugineseMatthes1870s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="2312" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Paper manuscript of an <i>I La Galigo</i> episode, University of Leiden</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 110.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 108.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Journal_from_South_Sulawesi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daily register or lontara' bilang"><img alt="Daily register or lontara' bilang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Journal_from_South_Sulawesi.jpg/163px-Journal_from_South_Sulawesi.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Journal_from_South_Sulawesi.jpg/245px-Journal_from_South_Sulawesi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Journal_from_South_Sulawesi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Daily register or <i>lontara' bilang</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 253.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 251.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hikayat_Amir_Hamzah_in_Makassarese.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Makassar version of Hikayat Amir Hamzah"><img alt="Makassar version of Hikayat Amir Hamzah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hikayat_Amir_Hamzah_in_Makassarese.jpg/377px-Hikayat_Amir_Hamzah_in_Makassarese.jpg" decoding="async" width="252" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hikayat_Amir_Hamzah_in_Makassarese.jpg/566px-Hikayat_Amir_Hamzah_in_Makassarese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hikayat_Amir_Hamzah_in_Makassarese.jpg/754px-Hikayat_Amir_Hamzah_in_Makassarese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1318" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Makassar version of <i><a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Amir_Hamzah" title="Hikayat Amir Hamzah">Hikayat Amir Hamzah</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kutika_manuscript_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Kutika manuscript discussing calendrical calculations"><img alt="A Kutika manuscript discussing calendrical calculations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Kutika_manuscript_1.jpg/245px-Kutika_manuscript_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Kutika_manuscript_1.jpg/368px-Kutika_manuscript_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Kutika_manuscript_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <i>Kutika</i> manuscript discussing calendrical calculations</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In historical South Sulawesi cultural sphere, the Lontara script was used in a number of related text traditions, most of which are written in manuscripts. The term <i><b>lontara</b></i> also refers to a literary genre that deals with history and genealogies, the most widely written and important writing topics by the <a href="/wiki/Buginese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Buginese people">Buginese</a> and neighboring <a href="/wiki/Makassar_people" title="Makassar people">Makassar people</a>. This genre can be divided into several sub-types: genealogy (Bugis: <i>pangngoriseng</i>, Makassar: <i>pannossorang</i>), daily registers (<i>lontara' bilang</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Chronicle" title="Chronicle">chronicles</a> (Bugis: <i>attoriolong</i>, Makassar: <i>patturioloang</i>). Each kingdom of South Sulawesi generally had their own official historiography in some compositional structure that utilized these three forms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996223–226_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996223–226-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compared to "historical" records from other parts of the archipelago, historical records in the literary tradition of South Sulawesi are decidedly more "realistic"; historical events are explained in a straightforward and plausible manner, and the relatively few fantastic elements are marked with conventional wordings so that the overall record feels factual and realistic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings20078_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings20078-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020xi–xii_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020xi–xii-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, such historical records are still susceptible to political meddling as a mean of ratifying power, descent, and territorial claims of ambitious rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings200711_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings200711-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of registers is one of south Sulawesi's unique phenomena with no known parallel in other Malay writing traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daily registers are often made by high ranking member of societies, such as sultans, monarchs (Bugis: <i>arung</i>, Makassar: <i>karaeng</i>), and prime ministers (Bugis: <i>tomarilaleng</i>, Makassar: <i>tumailalang</i>). The bulk of register consists of ruled columns with dates, in which the register owner would log important events in the allocated space of each date. Not all lines are filled if the corresponding dates did not have anything considered worthwhile to note, but only one line is reserved for each date. For a particularly eventful date, a writer would freely rotate the lines to fill in all available space. This may result in some pages with rather chaotic appearance of zig-zag lines that need to be rotated accordingly in order to be read.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One example of a royal daily register in the public collection is the daily register of Sultan Ahmad al-Salih Syamsuddin (22nd Sultan of the <a href="/wiki/Bone_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone state">Boné Kingdom</a>, reigned 1775–1812 CE), which he personally wrote from January 1, 1775 to 1795 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most common literary work Lontara texts is the Bugis epic <i><a href="/wiki/Sureq_Galigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sureq Galigo">Sure’ Galigo</a></i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨔᨘᨑᨛᨁᨒᨗᨁᨚ</span> also known as <i>I La Galigo</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨕᨗᨒᨁᨒᨗᨁᨚ</span>. This is a long work composed of pentametric verses which relates the story of humanity's origins but also serves as practical everyday <a href="/wiki/Almanac" title="Almanac">almanac</a>. Most characters are demi-gods or their descendants spanning several generations, set in the mythological kingdoms of pre-Islamic Sulawesi. While the story took place over many episodes that can stand alone, the contents, language, and characters of each episodes are interconnected in such a way that they can be understood as part of the same <i>Galigo</i>. Most texts are only extracts of these episodes rather than a "complete" <i>Galigo</i> which would be impractical to write. Put together, writing a complete <i>Galigo</i> is estimated to take 6000 folio pages, making it one of the longest literary work in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996222–223_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996222–223-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poetical conventions and allusions of <i>Galigo</i> mixed with the historicalness of <i>lontara</i> genre would also lend to a genre of poems known as <i>tolo’</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996228–230_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996228–230-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lontara script is also frequently found in Islamic themed texts such as <i><a href="/wiki/Hikayat" title="Hikayat">hikayat</a></i> (romance), prayer guide, <i>azimat</i> (talisman), <i><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">tafsir</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">exegesis</a>), and <i><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a></i> (jurisprudence).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996223_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996223-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such texts are almost always written with a mixture of Arabic <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi alphabet</a> especially for Arabic and Malay terms. Lontara script usage in Islamic texts persisted the longest compared to other type of texts and still produced (albeit in limited manner) in the early 21st century. One of the more prolific producer of Lontara-Islamic texts is the Pesantren As'adiyah in <a href="/wiki/Sengkang" title="Sengkang">Sengkang</a> who published various publications with Lontara texts since the mid 20th century. However at the dawn of the 21st century, the volume and quality of Lontara publications rapidly declined. To paraphrase Tol (2015), the impression that these publications make on present readers, with their old-fashioned techniques, unattractive manufacture, and general sloppiness, is that they are very much something of the past. Today, almost no new publications are published in Lontara, and even reprints of works that originally have Lontara are often replaced by Romanized version.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol201571,_75_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol201571,_75-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_use">Contemporary use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Contemporary use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aksara_Lontara-10_Papan_tanda_museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Aksara_Lontara-10_Papan_tanda_museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg/240px-Aksara_Lontara-10_Papan_tanda_museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Aksara_Lontara-10_Papan_tanda_museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg/360px-Aksara_Lontara-10_Papan_tanda_museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Aksara_Lontara-10_Papan_tanda_museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg/480px-Aksara_Lontara-10_Papan_tanda_museum_Balla_Lompoa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4307" data-file-height="3380" /></a><figcaption>Signage with Lontara in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_Balla_Lompoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum Balla Lompoa (page does not exist)">Museum Balla Lompoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowa">Gowa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In contemporary context, the Lontara script has been part of the local curriculum in South Sulawesi since the 1980s, and may be found infrequently in public signage. However, anecdotal evidence suggest that current teaching methods as well as limited and monotonous reading materials has in fact been counter productive in raising the script's literacy among younger generation. South Sulawesi youth are generally aware of the script's existence and may recognize a few letters, but it is rare for someone to able to read and write Lontara in a substantial manner. Sufficient knowledge of such manner is often limited to older generations who may still use Lontara in private works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201416–17_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201416–17-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknight201666–68_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknight201666–68-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example is Daeng Rahman from Boddia village, Galesong (approximately 15 km south of <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a>), who wrote various events in Galesong since 1990 in Lontara registers (similar to the chronicle genre of <i>attoriolong/patturiolong</i>). As of 2010, his notes spanned 12 volumes of books.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201412_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201412-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Old Lontara texts can sometimes be venerated as heirlooms, although modern owners who no longer able to read Lontara are prone to weave romanticized and exaggerated claims that do not reflect the actual content of the texts. For example, when researcher William Cummings conducted his study of Makassar writing tradition, a local contact told him of a Lontara heirloom in one family (whose members are all illiterate in Lontara) that no one had dared to open. After he was allowed to open the manuscript in order to check its content, it turned out to be a purchase receipt of a horse (presumably long dead by the time).<sup id="cite_ref-cummings_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cummings-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambiguity">Ambiguity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ambiguity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lontara script does not have a <a href="/wiki/Virama" title="Virama">virama</a> or other ways to write syllable codas in a consistent manner, even though codas occur regularly in <a href="/wiki/Bugis_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugis language">Bugis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassar</a>. For example, the final nasal sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/-ŋ/</span> and glottal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʔ/</span> which are common in Bugis language are entirely omitted when written in Lontara so that Bugis words like <i>sara'</i> (to rule), and <i>sarang</i> (nest) would all be written as <i>sara</i> (sadness) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨔᨑ</span>. Another example in Makassar is <i>baba</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨅᨅ</span> which can correspond to six possible words: <i>baba, baba', ba'ba, ba'ba', bamba,</i> and <i>bambang</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20146_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20146-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given that Lontara script is also traditionally <a href="/wiki/Scriptio_continua" title="Scriptio continua">written without word breaks</a>, a typical text often has many ambiguous portions which can often only be disambiguated through context. This ambiguity is analogous to the use of Arabic letters without vowel markers; readers whose native language use Arabic characters intuitively understand which vowels are appropriate in a given sentence so that <a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics" title="Arabic diacritics">vowel markers</a> are not needed in standard everyday texts. </p><p>Even so, sometimes even context is not sufficient. In order to read a text fluently, readers may need substantial prior knowledge of the language and contents of the text in question. As an illustration, Cummings and Jukes provide the following example to illustrate how the Lontara script can produce different meanings depending on how the reader cuts and fills in the ambiguous part: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center">Lontara script </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Possible reading </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center">Latin </th> <th style="text-align: center">Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨕᨅᨙᨈᨕᨗ</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20149_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20149-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>a'bétai </td> <td>he won (<a href="/wiki/Intransitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Intransitive">intransitive</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ambétai </td> <td>he beat... (<a href="/wiki/Transitive_verb" title="Transitive verb">transitive</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨊᨀᨑᨙᨕᨗᨄᨙᨄᨙᨅᨒᨉᨈᨚᨀ</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>nakanréi pépé' balla' datoka </td> <td>fire devouring a temple </td></tr> <tr> <td>nakanréi pépé' balanda tokka' </td> <td>fire devouring a bald Hollander </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Without knowing the actual event to which the text may be referring, it can be impossible for first time readers to determine the "correct" reading of the above examples. Even the most proficient readers may need to pause and re-interpret what they have read as new context is revealed in later portions of the same text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20146_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20146-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to this ambiguity, some writers such as Noorduyn labelled Lontara as a <a href="/wiki/Defective_script" title="Defective script">defective script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993533_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993533-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Lota Ende</b>: An extended variant of the Lontara script is <i>Lota Ende</i>, which is used by speakers of the <a href="/wiki/Ende_language_(Indonesia)" title="Ende language (Indonesia)">Ende language</a> in central <a href="/wiki/Flores" title="Flores">Flores</a>.</li> <li><b>Mbojo</b>: In eastern <a href="/wiki/Sumbawa" title="Sumbawa">Sumbawa</a>, another variant of the Lontara script is found, which is called the <i>Mbojo</i> script and used for the <a href="/wiki/Bima_language" title="Bima language">Bima language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Satera Jontal</b>: In western Sumbawa, another variant is used, called the Sumbawa script or <i>Satera Jontal</i>, used for the <a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_language" title="Sumbawa language">Sumbawa language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Form">Form</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letters">Letters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Letters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Letters (<a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a>: <span lang="bug"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨕᨗᨊᨔᨘᨑᨛ</span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">ina’ sure’</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Makasar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Makasar language">Makasar</a>: <span lang="mak"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨕᨗᨊᨔᨘᨑᨛ</span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Makasar-language romanization"><i lang="mak-Latn">anrong lontara’</i></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨕᨑᨚᨒᨚᨈᨑ</span>) represent syllables with inherent vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span>. There are 23 letters, shown below:<sup id="cite_ref-uni_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><i>Ina’ Sure’</i> or <i>Anrong Lontara’</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨀ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">ka</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257226131">.mw-parser-output .template-letter-box{vertical-align:top;text-align:center;font-weight:normal;padding:0.3em;min-width:3em}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-text{font-size:85%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-nowrap{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-char span:nth-of-type(even){margin-left:0.4em;padding-left:0.4em;border-left:1px dotted #666}.mw-parser-output .letters-left .template-letter-char{padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-right .template-letter-char{padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-wide .template-letter-char{padding-right:0.8em;padding-left:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .letters-hi .template-letter-char{padding-top:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-lo .template-letter-char{padding-bottom:1em}.mw-parser-output .letters-nadir .template-letter-char{padding-bottom:1.8em}.mw-parser-output .letters-tall .template-letter-char{padding-top:1em;padding-bottom:1em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257210792">.mw-parser-output .template-letter-box{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{color:#8B0000}.mw-parser-output .letters-table{background-color:#edF3F3}.mw-parser-output .letters-table .template-letter-box{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .letters-table th:not(.template-letter-box){background-color:#F2FBFB}.mw-parser-output .letters-teal .template-letter-char{color:#007a7c}.mw-parser-output .letters-black .template-letter-char{color:#111}.mw-parser-output .letters-blue .template-letter-char{color:#0000A0}.mw-parser-output .letters-green .template-letter-char{color:#006000}.mw-parser-output .letters-violet .template-letter-char{color:#800080}.mw-parser-output .letters-pink .template-letter-char{color:#DB0A5B}.mw-parser-output .letters-orange .template-letter-char{color:#D43900}.mw-parser-output .letters-gold .template-letter-char{color:#AA5D00}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257186708">html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122);color:#F36060}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table{background-color:#000}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table .template-letter-box{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .template-letter-box{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{color:#F55592}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table .template-letter-box{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#202122)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table th:not(.template-letter-box){background-color:#000}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-black .template-letter-char{color:#ccc}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-table th:not(.template-letter-box){background-color:#000}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-teal .template-letter-char{color:#10ACB0}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-blue .template-letter-char{color:#008DEE}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-green .template-letter-char{color:#23AE23}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night.letters-violet .mw-parser-output .template-letter-char{color:#A375E8}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-pink .template-letter-char{color:#F55592}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-orange .template-letter-char{color:#EE7347}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .letters-gold .template-letter-char{color:#DE8317}</style> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨁ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">ga</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="template-letter-text">ngka</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨄ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">pa</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨅ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">ba</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨆ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">ma</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨍ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">ja</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨎ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">nya</div> <link 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style="font-size:150%;">ᨐ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">ya</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨑ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">ra</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨒ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">la</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨓ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">wa</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨔ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">sa</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨕ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">a</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨖ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text">ha</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are four letters representing pre-nasalized syllables, <i>ngka</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨃ</span>, <i>mpa</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨇ</span>, <i>nra</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨋ</span> and <i>nca</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨏ</span> (represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɲca/</span>, but often Romanized only as "nca" rather than "nyca"). Pre-nasalized letters are not used in Makassar materials and has so far been found only in Bugis materials. However, it has been noted that pre-nasalized letters are not used consistently and were treated more as an optional feature even by professional Bugis scribes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993544–549_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993544–549-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter <i>ha</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨖ</span> is a later addition to the script for the glottal fricative due to the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowel_diacritics">Vowel diacritics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vowel diacritics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a>: <span lang="bug"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨕᨊ ᨔᨘᨑᨛ</span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">ana’ surə’</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Makasar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Makasar language">Makasar</a>: <span lang="mak"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨕᨊ ᨒᨚᨈᨑ</span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Makasar-language romanization"><i lang="mak-Latn">ana’ lontara’</i></span>) are used to change the inherent vowel of the letters. There are five diacritics, shown below:<sup id="cite_ref-uni_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Diacritics </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><span title="Buginese-language text"><i lang="bug">tetti’ riase’</i></span>,<br /><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">ana’ i rate</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">◌ᨗ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">-i</i></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><span title="Buginese-language text"><i lang="bug">tetti’ riawa</i></span>,<br /><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">ana’ i rawa</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">◌ᨘ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">-u</i></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><span title="Buginese-language text"><i lang="bug">kecce’ riolo</i></span>,<br /><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">ana’ ri olo</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨙ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">-é</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><span title="Buginese-language text"><i lang="bug">kecce’ rimunri</i></span>,<br /><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">ana’ ri boko</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨚ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">-o</i></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap"><span title="Buginese-language text"><i lang="bug">kecce’ riase’</i></span>,<br /><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">anca</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">◌ᨛ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">-e</i></span></div><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">IPA: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ə/</span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><sup id="cite_ref-anca_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anca-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨊ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">na</i></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨊᨗ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">ni</i></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨊᨘ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">nu</i></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨊᨙ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">né</i></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨊᨚ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">no</i></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">ᨊᨛ</span></span></div><div class="template-letter-text"><span title="Buginese-language romanization"><i lang="bug-Latn">ne, nang</i></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-anca-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-anca_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese language</a> does not use the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ə/</span> sound, which is not considered phonologically distinct from the inherent vowel <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span>. So, the <i>kecce’ riase’</i> diacritic used in Bugis is technically not needed for writing Makassar. However, Makassar scribes are known to repurpose this diacritic to mark nasal coda <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/-ŋ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993549_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993549-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novel_coda_diacritics">Novel coda diacritics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Novel coda diacritics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As mentioned previously, Lontara script traditionally does not have any device to indicate syllable codas, except <i>anca’</i> in some circumstances. The lack of coda indicator is one reason why standard Lontara texts are often very ambiguous and difficult to parse to those not already familiar with the text. Lontara variants used for <a href="/wiki/Bima_language" title="Bima language">Bima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ende_language_(Indonesia)" title="Ende language (Indonesia)">Ende</a> are known to developed <a href="/wiki/Virama" title="Virama">viramas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-uni2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-miller_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miller-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but these innovations are not absorbed back into Bugis-Makassar writing practice where lack of coda diacritics in Lontara texts is the norm until the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-miller_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miller-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Users from Bugis-Makassar regions only experimented with novel coda diacritics in the early 21st century, at a time when the use of Lontara has significantly declined. Some Bugis experts describe them as necessary additions to preserve the script's cultural relevance, in addition to practical benefits such as making texts less ambiguous and teaching Lontara easier. In 2003, Djirong Basang proposed three new diacritics: virama, glottal stop, and nasal coda (akin to <a href="/wiki/Anusvara" title="Anusvara">anusvara</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-uni_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anshuman Pandey recorded no less than three alternative viramas proposed in various publications up to 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-uni2_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there are disagreements on whether new diacritics should be added to the Lontara repertoire at all. Other Bugis experts such as Nurhayati Rahman view such proposals negatively, arguing that they are often too disruptive or promoted based on simplistic and misleading premises that the so called "defectiveness" of Lontara need to be "completed" by conforming to Latin orthographical norms. Such proposals shows more of an <a href="/wiki/Inferiority_complex" title="Inferiority complex">inferiority complex</a> that would alienate actual cultural practice and heritage from contemporary users, rather than preserve them.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2018, proposals of Lontara coda diacritics do not have official status or general consensus, with disparate sources prescribing different schemes.<sup id="cite_ref-uni2_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20147–8_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20147–8-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only thing agreed upon is that coda diacritics have never been attested in traditional Bugis-Makassar documents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996216–217_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996216–217-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;">Coda Diacritics </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Bima/Ende <br /> Virama<sup id="cite_ref-uni2_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="5" style="text-align: center">Modern Bugis/Makassar Proposals </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center">Virama <br /> Alt.1<sup id="cite_ref-uni2_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="text-align: center">Virama <br /> Alt.3<sup id="cite_ref-uni2_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="text-align: center">Virama <br /> Alt.2<sup id="cite_ref-uni_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">Glottal stop</a><sup id="cite_ref-uni_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">Nasal</a><sup id="cite_ref-uni_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_virama2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lontar_virama2.png/90px-Lontar_virama2.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lontar_virama2.png/135px-Lontar_virama2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lontar_virama2.png/180px-Lontar_virama2.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_virama1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lontar_virama1.png/90px-Lontar_virama1.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lontar_virama1.png/135px-Lontar_virama1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lontar_virama1.png/180px-Lontar_virama1.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_virama1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lontar_virama1.png/90px-Lontar_virama1.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lontar_virama1.png/135px-Lontar_virama1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lontar_virama1.png/180px-Lontar_virama1.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_virama3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lontar_virama3.png/90px-Lontar_virama3.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lontar_virama3.png/135px-Lontar_virama3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lontar_virama3.png/180px-Lontar_virama3.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_virama4.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lontar_virama4.png/90px-Lontar_virama4.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lontar_virama4.png/135px-Lontar_virama4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Lontar_virama4.png/180px-Lontar_virama4.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_virama2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lontar_virama2.png/90px-Lontar_virama2.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lontar_virama2.png/135px-Lontar_virama2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Lontar_virama2.png/180px-Lontar_virama2.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_virama1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lontar_virama1.png/90px-Lontar_virama1.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lontar_virama1.png/135px-Lontar_virama1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lontar_virama1.png/180px-Lontar_virama1.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5" style="text-align: center">n </th> <th style="text-align: center">na' </th> <th style="text-align: center">nang </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_n2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lontar_n2.png/90px-Lontar_n2.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lontar_n2.png/135px-Lontar_n2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lontar_n2.png/180px-Lontar_n2.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_n1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lontar_n1.png/90px-Lontar_n1.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lontar_n1.png/135px-Lontar_n1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lontar_n1.png/180px-Lontar_n1.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_n1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lontar_n1.png/90px-Lontar_n1.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lontar_n1.png/135px-Lontar_n1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lontar_n1.png/180px-Lontar_n1.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_n3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lontar_n3.png/90px-Lontar_n3.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lontar_n3.png/135px-Lontar_n3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lontar_n3.png/180px-Lontar_n3.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_n4.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Lontar_n4.png/90px-Lontar_n4.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Lontar_n4.png/135px-Lontar_n4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Lontar_n4.png/180px-Lontar_n4.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_n2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lontar_n2.png/90px-Lontar_n2.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lontar_n2.png/135px-Lontar_n2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Lontar_n2.png/180px-Lontar_n2.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontar_n1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lontar_n1.png/90px-Lontar_n1.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lontar_n1.png/135px-Lontar_n1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lontar_n1.png/180px-Lontar_n1.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punctuation">Punctuation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Punctuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional Lontara texts are written without spaces (<i><a href="/wiki/Scriptio_continua" title="Scriptio continua">scriptio continua</a></i>) and only use two punctuation marks, the <i><a href="/wiki/Pallawa" title="Pallawa">pallawa</a></i> (or <i>passimbang</i> in Makassar) and an end of section marker. A <i>pallawa</i> is used in a way similar to the Latin script comma and period, to mark pauses. An end of section marker is seen in some traditional texts and is attested in Bugis specimen sheets produced by the <a href="/wiki/Imprimerie_Nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Imprimerie Nationale">Imprimerie Nationale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-uni_33-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kai_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kai-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Punctuation marks </caption> <tbody><tr> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">pallawa</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">᨞</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td> <td class="template-letter-box"><div class="template-letter-text template-letter-nowrap">end of section</div><div class="template-letter-char"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara"><span style="font-size:150%;">᨟</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257226131"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257210792"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257186708"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some source may include Lontara equivalents for a number of Latin punctuations including <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a>. These are contemporary inventions which are unattested in traditional texts nor widely used today.<sup id="cite_ref-uni_33-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cipher">Cipher</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cipher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buginese_cypher_script_cited_by_matthes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Buginese_cypher_script_cited_by_matthes.jpg/240px-Buginese_cypher_script_cited_by_matthes.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Buginese_cypher_script_cited_by_matthes.jpg/360px-Buginese_cypher_script_cited_by_matthes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Buginese_cypher_script_cited_by_matthes.jpg/480px-Buginese_cypher_script_cited_by_matthes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Table of <i>Lontara Bilang-bilang</i> letters with standard Lontara equivalence as recorded by Matthes (1883)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Lontara script has a traditional <a href="/wiki/Cipher" title="Cipher">ciphered</a> version called <i><b><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Lontara Bilang-bilang</a></b></i> which is sometimes used specifically to write <i>basa to bakke’</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨅᨔ ᨈᨚ ᨅᨀᨙ</span>, a kind of word game, and <i>élong maliung bettuanna</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨕᨙᨒᨚ ᨆᨒᨗᨕᨘ ᨅᨛᨈᨘᨕᨊ</span>, riddles that utilizes <i>basa to bakke’</i>. In <i>élong maliung bettuanna</i>, audience are asked to figure the correct pronunciation of a seemingly meaningless poem. When given in the form of Lontara text, the riddle giver would read the text in one way and audience may guess alternative readings of the same text to reveal the poem's hidden message. </p><p>Lontara Bilang-bilang is a <a href="/wiki/Substitution_cipher" title="Substitution cipher">substitution cipher</a> in which the glyph of standard Lontara letters are substituted by stylized digits derived from the numeric value of corresponding <a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a>. Diacritics are not changed and used as is. Similar system of cipher was also recorded in South Asian regions spanning modern Pakistan and Afghanistan, which may have inspired Lontara Bilang-bilang.<sup id="cite_ref-miller_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miller-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_texts">Sample texts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sample texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boné_Chronicles"><span id="Bon.C3.A9_Chronicles"></span>Boné Chronicles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Boné Chronicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is an extract in <a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a> from the <i>attoriolong</i> (chronicles) of the <a href="/wiki/Bone_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone state">Boné Kingdom</a>, as written in the NBG 101 manuscript kept in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">University of Leiden</a>. This is an episode telling the descend of <i>tomanurung</i>, a legendary figure whose appearance marks the beginning of South Sulawesi historical kingdoms in traditional accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202033–34_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202033–34-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romanization and translation adapted from Macknight, Paeni & Hadrawi (2020).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202054,_77–78,_109–110_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202054,_77–78,_109–110-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center">Lontara<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202054_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202054-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="text-align: center">Romanized<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020109–110_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020109–110-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="text-align: center">Translation<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202077–78_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202077–78-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨕᨗᨕᨁᨑᨙᨄᨘᨈᨊᨕᨑᨘᨆᨙᨋᨙᨕᨙ᨞ᨑᨗᨁᨒᨗᨁᨚ᨞<br />ᨉᨙᨊᨑᨗᨕᨔᨛᨕᨑᨘ᨞ᨕᨁᨈᨛᨊᨔᨗᨔᨛᨈᨕᨘᨓᨙ᨞ᨔᨗᨕᨙᨓᨕᨉ᨞<br />ᨔᨗᨕᨋᨙᨅᨒᨙᨆᨊᨗᨈᨕᨘᨓᨙ᨞ᨔᨗᨕᨅᨛᨒᨗᨅᨛᨒᨗᨕ᨞ᨉᨙᨊᨕᨉᨛ᨞<br />ᨕᨄᨁᨗᨔᨗᨕᨑᨗᨕᨔᨛᨂᨙᨅᨗᨌᨑ᨞ᨑᨗᨕᨔᨛᨂᨗᨄᨗᨈᨘᨈᨘᨑᨛᨊᨗ᨞<br />ᨕᨗᨈᨊ᨞ᨉᨙᨕᨑᨘ᨞ᨔᨗᨀᨘᨓᨈᨚᨊᨗᨑᨚ᨞ᨕᨗᨈᨊ᨞<br />ᨈᨕᨘᨓᨙᨈᨛᨔᨗᨔᨛᨔᨗᨕᨙᨓᨕᨉ᨞ᨈᨛᨀᨙᨕᨉᨛ᨞ᨈᨛᨀᨛᨅᨗᨌᨑ᨞</span> </td> <td>Ia garé’ puttana arung ménré’é| riGaligo| dé’na riaseng arung| Aga tennassiseng tauwé| siéwa ada| Sianré-balémani tauwé| Siabelli-belliang| Dé’na ade’|apa’gisia riasengngé bicara| Riasengngi pitu-tturenni| ittana| dé’ arung| Sikuwa toniro| ittana| tauwé tessise-ssiéwa ada| tekké ade’| tekké bicara| </td> <td>There were kings (<i>arung</i>), so the story goes, back in (the age of I La) Galigo, but then no longer was there anyone called king. For the people did not know how to discuss things with each other. The people just ate each other like fish do. They were selling each other all the time (as slaves). There was no longer customary order, let alone what might be called law. It is said that for the space of seven generations there was no king. For this same time also the people did not know how to discuss things with each other, nowhere was there customary order, nowhere law. </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨊᨕᨗᨕᨆᨊᨗᨕᨆᨘᨒᨊ᨞ᨊᨃᨕᨑᨘ᨞ᨕᨛᨃᨔᨙᨕᨘᨓᨕᨛᨔᨚ᨞<br />ᨊᨔᨗᨕᨋᨙᨅᨗᨒᨕᨙ᨞ᨒᨛᨈᨙ᨞ᨄᨙᨓᨈᨚᨊᨗᨈᨊᨕᨙ᨞ᨑᨗᨕᨔᨛᨂᨗ᨞<br />ᨕᨛᨃᨕᨗᨔᨗᨄᨔᨆᨀᨘᨕ᨞ᨊᨕᨗᨕᨄᨍᨊᨅᨗᨒᨕᨙ᨞ᨒᨛᨈᨙ᨞<br />ᨄᨙᨓᨈᨊᨕᨙ᨞ᨈᨀᨚᨕᨛᨃᨈᨕᨘᨑᨗᨈ᨞ᨓᨚᨑᨚᨕᨊᨙ᨞<br />ᨑᨗᨈᨛᨂᨊᨄᨉᨂᨙ᨞ᨆᨔᨂᨗᨄᨘᨈᨙ᨞ᨍᨍᨗᨊᨗᨔᨗᨄᨘᨒᨘᨈᨕᨘᨓᨙ᨞<br />ᨈᨔᨙᨓᨊᨘᨕ᨞ᨈᨔᨙᨓᨊᨘᨕ᨞ᨕᨗᨕᨊᨑᨗᨕᨔᨗᨈᨘᨑᨘᨔᨗ᨞<br />ᨑᨗᨈᨕᨘᨆᨕᨙᨁᨕᨙ᨞ᨆᨔᨛᨂᨙᨂᨗ᨞ᨈᨚᨆᨊᨘᨑᨘ᨞</span> </td> <td>Naiamani ammulanna| nangka arung| Engka séuwa esso| nasianré billa’é| letté| péwattoni tanaé| Riasengngi| engkai sipasa makkua| Naia pajana billa’é| letté| péwang tanaé| takko’ engka tau rita| woroané| ritengngana padangngé| masangiputé| Jajini sipulung tauwé| tasséwanua| tasséwanua| Iana riassiturusi| ritau maégaé| masengngéngngi| tomanurung| </td> <td>This, then, is how there began to be kings. It happened one day that the lightning and thunder raged together, the land also shook, it is said to have continued like this for one week. When the lightning, thunder and the earthquake had ceased, suddenly there was a man to be seen in the middle of the field. He was all in white. So it came about that the people gathered together, each according to his area. Then it was agreed by all the people to call him <i>tomanurung</i>. So it came about that all the people were of one view. Then they agreed to go together to attach themselves to this man whom they called <i>tomanurung</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨍᨍᨗᨊᨗᨄᨔᨙᨕᨘᨓᨈᨂ᨞ᨈᨕᨘᨆᨕᨙᨁᨕᨙ᨞ᨊᨕᨗᨕᨊᨔᨗᨈᨘᨑᨘᨔᨗ᨞<br />ᨄᨚᨀᨛᨕᨙᨂᨗᨕᨒᨙᨊ᨞ᨒᨕᨚᨑᨗᨈᨕᨘᨓᨙᨑᨚ᨞<br />ᨊᨔᨛᨂᨙᨈᨚᨆᨊᨘᨑᨘ᨞ᨒᨈᨘᨕᨗᨀᨚᨑᨗᨕ᨞ᨆᨀᨛᨉᨊᨗᨈᨕᨘᨈᨛᨅᨛᨕᨙ᨞<br />ᨒᨊᨆᨕᨗᨀᨗᨒᨕᨚᨓᨑᨗᨀᨚ᨞ᨒᨆᨑᨘᨄᨛ᨞ᨕᨆᨔᨙᨕᨊᨀᨛ᨞<br />ᨕᨍᨊᨆᨘᨕᨒᨍ᨞ᨆᨘᨈᨘᨉᨊᨑᨗᨈᨊᨆᨘ᨞ᨊᨕᨗᨀᨚᨊᨄᨚᨕᨈᨀᨛ᨞<br />ᨕᨙᨒᨚᨆᨘᨕᨙᨒᨚᨑᨗᨀᨛ᨞ᨊᨄᨔᨘᨑᨚᨆᨘᨊᨀᨗᨄᨚᨁᨕᨘ᨞<br />ᨊᨆᨕᨘᨕᨊᨆᨛ᨞ᨊᨄᨈᨑᨚᨆᨛ᨞ᨆᨘᨈᨙᨕᨕᨗᨓᨗ᨞<br />ᨀᨗᨈᨙᨕᨕᨗᨈᨚᨕᨗᨔᨗ᨞ᨑᨙᨀᨘᨕᨆᨚᨋᨚᨆᨘᨊᨚᨆᨕᨗ᨞<br />ᨊᨕᨗᨀᨚᨀᨗᨄᨚᨄᨘᨕ᨞</span> </td> <td>Jajini passéuwa tangnga’| tau maégaé| Naia nassiturusi| pokke’éngngi aléna| llao ritauwéro| nasengngé tomanurung| Lattu’i koria| Makkedani tau tebbe’é| "Iana mai kilaowang riko| Lamarupe’| amaséannakkeng| aja’na muallajang| Mutudanna ritanamu| Naikona poatakkeng| Élo’mu élo’ rikkeng| Napassuromuna kipogau’| Namau anammeng| na patarommeng| mutéaiwi| kitéaitoisi| Rékkua monromuno mai| naiko kipopuang|" </td> <td>They went there. The common people said, ‘Here we have come to you, blessed one. Have mercy on us children. Do not disappear. You have settled in your land. You have us as slaves. Your wish is what we wish. Whatever the orders, we will execute them. Even our children and our wives, (if) you reject them, we also reject them in turn. If you stay here, then we will make you lord.’ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buginese was added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> Standard in March, 2005 with the release of version 4.1. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Block">Block</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Block"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Buginese_(Unicode_block)" title="Buginese (Unicode block)">Buginese (Unicode block)</a></div> <p>The Unicode block for Lontara, called Buginese, is U+1A00–U+1A1F: </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Buginese_(Unicode_block)" title="Buginese (Unicode block)">Buginese</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U1A00_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U1A00_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U1A00_grey"><a href="#endnote_U1A00_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1A00.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1A0x </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A00: BUGINESE LETTER KA">ᨀ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A01: BUGINESE LETTER GA">ᨁ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A02: BUGINESE LETTER NGA">ᨂ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A03: BUGINESE LETTER NGKA">ᨃ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A04: BUGINESE LETTER PA">ᨄ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A05: BUGINESE LETTER BA">ᨅ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A06: BUGINESE LETTER MA">ᨆ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A07: BUGINESE LETTER MPA">ᨇ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A08: BUGINESE LETTER TA">ᨈ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A09: BUGINESE LETTER DA">ᨉ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A0A: BUGINESE LETTER NA">ᨊ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A0B: BUGINESE LETTER NRA">ᨋ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A0C: BUGINESE LETTER CA">ᨌ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A0D: BUGINESE LETTER JA">ᨍ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A0E: BUGINESE LETTER NYA">ᨎ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A0F: BUGINESE LETTER NYCA">ᨏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+1A1x </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A10: BUGINESE LETTER YA">ᨐ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A11: BUGINESE LETTER RA">ᨑ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A12: BUGINESE LETTER LA">ᨒ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A13: BUGINESE LETTER VA">ᨓ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A14: BUGINESE LETTER SA">ᨔ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A15: BUGINESE LETTER A">ᨕ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A16: BUGINESE LETTER HA">ᨖ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A17: BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN I">◌ᨗ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A18: BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN U">◌ᨘ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A19: BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN E"> ᨙ◌ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A1A: BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN O">◌ᨚ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A1B: BUGINESE VOWEL SIGN AE">◌ᨛ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A1E: BUGINESE PALLAWA">᨞ </td> <td style="font-family:LontaraOT,Saweri,'Noto Sans Buginese','MPH 2B Damase',sans-serif" title="U+1A1F: BUGINESE END OF SECTION">᨟ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U1A00_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U1A00_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U1A00_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U1A00_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sorting_order">Sorting order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sorting order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Lontara block for <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> use Matthes' order, in which prenasalized consonants are placed after corresponding nasal consonant, similar to how aspirated consonant would be placed following its unaspirated counterpart in standard Sanskrit. Matthes' order however, does not follow traditional Sanskrit sequence except for the first three of its consonants.</li></ul> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨀ ᨁ ᨂ ᨃ ᨄ ᨅ ᨆ ᨇ ᨈ ᨉ ᨊ ᨋ ᨌ ᨍ ᨎ ᨏ ᨐ ᨑ ᨒ ᨓ ᨔ ᨕ ᨖ</span></dd></dl> <ul><li>Lontara consonants can also be sorted or grouped according to their base shapes:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Consonant <i>ka</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨀ</span></dd> <dd>Consonant <i>pa</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨄ</span> and based on it: <i>ga</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨁ</span>, <i>mpa</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨇ</span>, <i>nra</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨋ</span></dd> <dd>Consonant <i>ta</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨈ</span> and based on it: <i>na</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨊ</span>, <i>ngka</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨃ</span>, <i>nga</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨂ</span>, <i>ba</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨅ</span>, <i>ra</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨑ</span>, <i>ca</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨌ</span>, <i>ja</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨍ</span>, <i>sa</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨔ</span></dd> <dd>Consonant <i>ma</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨆ</span> and based on it: <i>da</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨉ</span></dd> <dd>Consonant <i>la</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨒ</span></dd> <dd>Consonant <i>wa</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨓ</span> and based on it: <i>ya</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨐ</span>, <i>nya</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨎ</span>, <i>nca</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨏ</span>, <i>ha</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨖ</span>, <i>a</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨕ</span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_with_Old_Makassar_script">Comparison with Old Makassar script</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Comparison with Old Makassar script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Makassar language was once written in a distinct script, the <a href="/wiki/Makassar_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Makassar script">Makassar script</a>, before it was gradually replaced by Lontara due to Bugis influence and eventually Latin in modern Indonesia. Lontara and Old Makassar script are closely related with almost identical orthography despite the graphic dissimilarities. Comparison of both scripts can be seen below:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20142Table_1_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20142Table_1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;">Letters </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>ka </th> <th>ga </th> <th>nga </th> <th>ngka </th> <th>pa </th> <th>ba </th> <th>ma </th> <th>mpa </th> <th>ta </th> <th>da </th> <th>na </th> <th>nra </th> <th>ca </th> <th>ja </th> <th>nya </th> <th>nca </th> <th>ya </th> <th>ra </th> <th>la </th> <th>wa </th> <th>sa </th> <th>a </th> <th>ha </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center">Bugis </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Lon_ka.png/40px-Lon_ka.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Lon_ka.png/60px-Lon_ka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Lon_ka.png/80px-Lon_ka.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lon_ga.png/40px-Lon_ga.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lon_ga.png/60px-Lon_ga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lon_ga.png/80px-Lon_ga.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Lon_nga.png/40px-Lon_nga.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Lon_nga.png/60px-Lon_nga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Lon_nga.png/80px-Lon_nga.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ngka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lon_ngka.png/40px-Lon_ngka.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lon_ngka.png/60px-Lon_ngka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lon_ngka.png/80px-Lon_ngka.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_pa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lon_pa.png/40px-Lon_pa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lon_pa.png/60px-Lon_pa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lon_pa.png/80px-Lon_pa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ba.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lon_ba.png/40px-Lon_ba.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lon_ba.png/60px-Lon_ba.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lon_ba.png/80px-Lon_ba.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ma.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Lon_ma.png/40px-Lon_ma.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Lon_ma.png/60px-Lon_ma.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Lon_ma.png/80px-Lon_ma.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_mpa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lon_mpa.png/40px-Lon_mpa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lon_mpa.png/60px-Lon_mpa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lon_mpa.png/80px-Lon_mpa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lon_ta.png/40px-Lon_ta.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lon_ta.png/60px-Lon_ta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lon_ta.png/80px-Lon_ta.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_da.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_da.png/40px-Lon_da.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_da.png/60px-Lon_da.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_da.png/80px-Lon_da.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_na.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/40px-Lon_na.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/60px-Lon_na.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/80px-Lon_na.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lon_nra.png/40px-Lon_nra.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lon_nra.png/60px-Lon_nra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Lon_nra.png/80px-Lon_nra.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ca.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lon_ca.png/40px-Lon_ca.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lon_ca.png/60px-Lon_ca.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lon_ca.png/80px-Lon_ca.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ja.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lon_ja.png/40px-Lon_ja.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lon_ja.png/60px-Lon_ja.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lon_ja.png/80px-Lon_ja.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lon_nya.png/40px-Lon_nya.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lon_nya.png/60px-Lon_nya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Lon_nya.png/80px-Lon_nya.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nyca.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lon_nyca.png/40px-Lon_nyca.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lon_nyca.png/60px-Lon_nyca.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Lon_nyca.png/80px-Lon_nyca.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lon_ya.png/40px-Lon_ya.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lon_ya.png/60px-Lon_ya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lon_ya.png/80px-Lon_ya.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Lon_ra.png/40px-Lon_ra.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Lon_ra.png/60px-Lon_ra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Lon_ra.png/80px-Lon_ra.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_la.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lon_la.png/40px-Lon_la.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lon_la.png/60px-Lon_la.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Lon_la.png/80px-Lon_la.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_wa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lon_wa.png/40px-Lon_wa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lon_wa.png/60px-Lon_wa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Lon_wa.png/80px-Lon_wa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_sa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_sa.png/40px-Lon_sa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_sa.png/60px-Lon_sa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Lon_sa.png/80px-Lon_sa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_a.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lon_a.png/40px-Lon_a.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lon_a.png/60px-Lon_a.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lon_a.png/80px-Lon_a.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ha.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lon_ha.png/40px-Lon_ha.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lon_ha.png/60px-Lon_ha.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Lon_ha.png/80px-Lon_ha.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨀ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨁ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨂ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨃ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨄ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨅ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨆ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨇ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨈ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨉ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨊ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨋ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨌ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨍ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨎ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨏ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨐ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨑ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨒ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨓ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨔ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨕ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨖ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center">Makassar </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mak_ka.png/40px-Mak_ka.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mak_ka.png/60px-Mak_ka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mak_ka.png/80px-Mak_ka.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ga2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mak_ga2.png/40px-Mak_ga2.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mak_ga2.png/60px-Mak_ga2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mak_ga2.png/80px-Mak_ga2.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_nga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mak_nga.png/40px-Mak_nga.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mak_nga.png/60px-Mak_nga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mak_nga.png/80px-Mak_nga.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_pa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mak_pa.png/40px-Mak_pa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mak_pa.png/60px-Mak_pa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Mak_pa.png/80px-Mak_pa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ba.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mak_ba.png/40px-Mak_ba.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mak_ba.png/60px-Mak_ba.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mak_ba.png/80px-Mak_ba.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ma.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mak_ma.png/40px-Mak_ma.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mak_ma.png/60px-Mak_ma.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mak_ma.png/80px-Mak_ma.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mak_ta.png/40px-Mak_ta.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mak_ta.png/60px-Mak_ta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Mak_ta.png/80px-Mak_ta.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_da.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mak_da.png/40px-Mak_da.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mak_da.png/60px-Mak_da.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mak_da.png/80px-Mak_da.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_na.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/40px-Mak_na.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/60px-Mak_na.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/80px-Mak_na.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ca.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mak_ca.png/40px-Mak_ca.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mak_ca.png/60px-Mak_ca.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mak_ca.png/80px-Mak_ca.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ja.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mak_ja.png/40px-Mak_ja.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mak_ja.png/60px-Mak_ja.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mak_ja.png/80px-Mak_ja.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_nya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mak_nya.png/40px-Mak_nya.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mak_nya.png/60px-Mak_nya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mak_nya.png/80px-Mak_nya.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mak_ya.png/40px-Mak_ya.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mak_ya.png/60px-Mak_ya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Mak_ya.png/80px-Mak_ya.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mak_ra.png/40px-Mak_ra.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mak_ra.png/60px-Mak_ra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mak_ra.png/80px-Mak_ra.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_la.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_la.png/40px-Mak_la.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_la.png/60px-Mak_la.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mak_la.png/80px-Mak_la.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_wa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mak_wa.png/40px-Mak_wa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mak_wa.png/60px-Mak_wa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mak_wa.png/80px-Mak_wa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_sa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mak_sa.png/40px-Mak_sa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mak_sa.png/60px-Mak_sa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mak_sa.png/80px-Mak_sa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_a.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mak_a.png/40px-Mak_a.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mak_a.png/60px-Mak_a.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mak_a.png/80px-Mak_a.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻠</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻡</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻢</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻣</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻤</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻥</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻦</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻧</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻩</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻪</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻫</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻬</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻭</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻮</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻯</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻰</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻱</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;">Diacritic </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3" style="text-align: center"> </th> <th>-a </th> <th>-i </th> <th>-u </th> <th>-é<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_/e/"><a href="#endnote_/e/">[1]</a></sup> </th> <th>-o </th> <th>-e<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_/ə/"><a href="#endnote_/ə/">[2]</a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_i.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lon_i.png/40px-Lon_i.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lon_i.png/60px-Lon_i.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Lon_i.png/80px-Lon_i.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_u.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lon_u.png/40px-Lon_u.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lon_u.png/60px-Lon_u.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Lon_u.png/80px-Lon_u.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_e.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lon_e.png/40px-Lon_e.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lon_e.png/60px-Lon_e.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lon_e.png/80px-Lon_e.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_o.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lon_o.png/40px-Lon_o.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lon_o.png/60px-Lon_o.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lon_o.png/80px-Lon_o.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ee.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lon_ee.png/40px-Lon_ee.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lon_ee.png/60px-Lon_ee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lon_ee.png/80px-Lon_ee.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>na </th> <th>ni </th> <th>nu </th> <th>né </th> <th>no </th> <th>ne </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center">Bugis </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_na.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/40px-Lon_na.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/60px-Lon_na.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Lon_na.png/80px-Lon_na.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ni.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lon_ni.png/40px-Lon_ni.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lon_ni.png/60px-Lon_ni.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Lon_ni.png/80px-Lon_ni.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lon_nu.png/40px-Lon_nu.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lon_nu.png/60px-Lon_nu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Lon_nu.png/80px-Lon_nu.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_ne.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lon_ne.png/40px-Lon_ne.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lon_ne.png/60px-Lon_ne.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lon_ne.png/80px-Lon_ne.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_no.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lon_no.png/40px-Lon_no.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lon_no.png/60px-Lon_no.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lon_no.png/80px-Lon_no.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_nee.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lon_nee.png/40px-Lon_nee.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lon_nee.png/60px-Lon_nee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Lon_nee.png/80px-Lon_nee.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨊ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨊᨗ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨊᨘ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨊᨙ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨊᨚ</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">ᨊᨛ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center">Makassar </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_na.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/40px-Mak_na.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/60px-Mak_na.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mak_na.png/80px-Mak_na.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ni.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mak_ni.png/40px-Mak_ni.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mak_ni.png/60px-Mak_ni.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mak_ni.png/80px-Mak_ni.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_nu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mak_nu.png/40px-Mak_nu.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mak_nu.png/60px-Mak_nu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Mak_nu.png/80px-Mak_nu.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_ne.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mak_ne.png/40px-Mak_ne.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mak_ne.png/60px-Mak_ne.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Mak_ne.png/80px-Mak_ne.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_no.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mak_no.png/40px-Mak_no.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mak_no.png/60px-Mak_no.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Mak_no.png/80px-Mak_no.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <th rowspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻳</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻴</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻵</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻨𑻶</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Note</b> <p><small> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><b><a href="#ref_1">^1</a></b></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><b><a href="#ref_2">^2</a></b></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ə/</span> </small> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: center;">Punctuation </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3" style="text-align: center">Bugis </th> <th>pallawa </th> <th>end of section </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_pallawa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lon_pallawa.png/40px-Lon_pallawa.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lon_pallawa.png/60px-Lon_pallawa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lon_pallawa.png/80px-Lon_pallawa.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lon_endtext.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lon_endtext.png/40px-Lon_endtext.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lon_endtext.png/60px-Lon_endtext.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Lon_endtext.png/80px-Lon_endtext.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">᨞</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r965159811"><span class="script-lontara">᨟</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="text-align: center">Makassar </th> <th>passimbang </th> <th>end of section </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_pass.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mak_pass.png/40px-Mak_pass.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mak_pass.png/60px-Mak_pass.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mak_pass.png/80px-Mak_pass.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mak_endtext.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mak_endtext.png/40px-Mak_endtext.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mak_endtext.png/60px-Mak_endtext.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mak_endtext.png/80px-Mak_endtext.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="676" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻷</span> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span class="script-batak" style="font-size:16px; line-height:2.1em; word-wrap: break-word; font-family:'Salapa Jangang', 'Noto Serif Makasar';">𑻸</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;" align="center" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 62px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 60px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sureq_bawang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palmleaf manuscript of Sure' Bawang, National Library of Indonesia"><img alt="Palmleaf manuscript of Sure' Bawang, National Library of Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sureq_bawang.jpg/84px-Sureq_bawang.jpg" decoding="async" width="56" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sureq_bawang.jpg/126px-Sureq_bawang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sureq_bawang.jpg/168px-Sureq_bawang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="545" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palmleaf manuscript of <i>Sure' Bawang</i>, National Library of Indonesia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daftar_kata-kata_lontar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manuscript containing Makassar word list"><img alt="Manuscript containing Makassar word list" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Daftar_kata-kata_lontar.jpg/136px-Daftar_kata-kata_lontar.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Daftar_kata-kata_lontar.jpg/205px-Daftar_kata-kata_lontar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Daftar_kata-kata_lontar.jpg/273px-Daftar_kata-kata_lontar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="615" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Manuscript containing Makassar word list</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lontara_manuscript,_LOC_0050.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manuscript containing Story of a War Between Two Young Bugis Rajas over a Princess, Library of Congress"><img alt="Manuscript containing Story of a War Between Two Young Bugis Rajas over a Princess, Library of Congress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lontara_manuscript%2C_LOC_0050.jpg/338px-Lontara_manuscript%2C_LOC_0050.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lontara_manuscript%2C_LOC_0050.jpg/508px-Lontara_manuscript%2C_LOC_0050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Lontara_manuscript%2C_LOC_0050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Manuscript containing <i>Story of a War Between Two Young Bugis Rajas over a Princess</i>, Library of Congress</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_galigo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manuscript of a Galigo episode, National Library of Indonesia"><img alt="Manuscript of a Galigo episode, National Library of Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/La_galigo.jpg/357px-La_galigo.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/La_galigo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Manuscript of a <i><a href="/wiki/I_La_Galigo" title="I La Galigo">Galigo</a></i> episode, National Library of Indonesia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kutika_manuscript_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manuscript containing Kutika"><img alt="Manuscript containing Kutika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kutika_manuscript_2.jpg/301px-Kutika_manuscript_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kutika_manuscript_2.jpg/451px-Kutika_manuscript_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Kutika_manuscript_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="391" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Manuscript containing <i>Kutika</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 192px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Akte_met_het_zegel_van_de_leenvorst_van_Bone_TMnr_2522-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Record of a loan from the Kingdom of Boné year 1864, Tropenmuseum."><img alt="Record of a loan from the Kingdom of Boné year 1864, Tropenmuseum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Akte_met_het_zegel_van_de_leenvorst_van_Bone_TMnr_2522-3.jpg/285px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Akte_met_het_zegel_van_de_leenvorst_van_Bone_TMnr_2522-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Akte_met_het_zegel_van_de_leenvorst_van_Bone_TMnr_2522-3.jpg/428px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Akte_met_het_zegel_van_de_leenvorst_van_Bone_TMnr_2522-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Akte_met_het_zegel_van_de_leenvorst_van_Bone_TMnr_2522-3.jpg/570px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Akte_met_het_zegel_van_de_leenvorst_van_Bone_TMnr_2522-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Record of a loan from the Kingdom of Boné year 1864, Tropenmuseum.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_fotografische_reproducties_met_Arabische_transcripties_van_de_rijkszegels_van_Bone_TMnr_915-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal impressions from the Kingdom of Boné, Tropenmuseum"><img alt="Seal impressions from the Kingdom of Boné, Tropenmuseum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_fotografische_reproducties_met_Arabische_transcripties_van_de_rijkszegels_van_Bone_TMnr_915-11.jpg/115px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_fotografische_reproducties_met_Arabische_transcripties_van_de_rijkszegels_van_Bone_TMnr_915-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_fotografische_reproducties_met_Arabische_transcripties_van_de_rijkszegels_van_Bone_TMnr_915-11.jpg/172px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_fotografische_reproducties_met_Arabische_transcripties_van_de_rijkszegels_van_Bone_TMnr_915-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_fotografische_reproducties_met_Arabische_transcripties_van_de_rijkszegels_van_Bone_TMnr_915-11.jpg/229px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Drie_fotografische_reproducties_met_Arabische_transcripties_van_de_rijkszegels_van_Bone_TMnr_915-11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Seal impressions from the Kingdom of Boné, Tropenmuseum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 148.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 146.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible_printed_in_Buginese.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bugis translation of the Bible, published by the Dutch Bible Society, 1893"><img alt="Bugis translation of the Bible, published by the Dutch Bible Society, 1893" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bible_printed_in_Buginese.jpg/220px-Bible_printed_in_Buginese.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bible_printed_in_Buginese.jpg/331px-Bible_printed_in_Buginese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bible_printed_in_Buginese.jpg/441px-Bible_printed_in_Buginese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bugis translation of the Bible, published by the Dutch Bible Society, 1893</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elong_sample_matthes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Bugis riddle (élong maliung bettuanna) written in standard Lontara and a Lontara Bilang-bilang cipher script, from Matthes (1883)"><img alt="A Bugis riddle (élong maliung bettuanna) written in standard Lontara and a Lontara Bilang-bilang cipher script, from Matthes (1883)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Elong_sample_matthes.jpg/247px-Elong_sample_matthes.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Elong_sample_matthes.jpg/371px-Elong_sample_matthes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Elong_sample_matthes.jpg/495px-Elong_sample_matthes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="718" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Bugis riddle (<i>élong maliung bettuanna</i>) written in standard Lontara and a Lontara Bilang-bilang cipher script, from Matthes (1883)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KITLV_and_Buginese_poem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the Wall poems in Leiden with Lontara, near KITLV"><img alt="One of the Wall poems in Leiden with Lontara, near KITLV" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/KITLV_and_Buginese_poem.jpg/338px-KITLV_and_Buginese_poem.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/KITLV_and_Buginese_poem.jpg/507px-KITLV_and_Buginese_poem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/KITLV_and_Buginese_poem.jpg/675px-KITLV_and_Buginese_poem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the <a href="/wiki/Wall_poems_in_Leiden" title="Wall poems in Leiden">Wall poems in Leiden</a> with Lontara, near KITLV</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aksara_Lontara-19_Buku_mata_palajaran_bahasa_Bugis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A modern school textbook for Bugis language lesson"><img alt="A modern school textbook for Bugis language lesson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Aksara_Lontara-19_Buku_mata_palajaran_bahasa_Bugis.jpg/300px-Aksara_Lontara-19_Buku_mata_palajaran_bahasa_Bugis.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Aksara_Lontara-19_Buku_mata_palajaran_bahasa_Bugis.jpg/451px-Aksara_Lontara-19_Buku_mata_palajaran_bahasa_Bugis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Aksara_Lontara-19_Buku_mata_palajaran_bahasa_Bugis.jpg/600px-Aksara_Lontara-19_Buku_mata_palajaran_bahasa_Bugis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A modern school textbook for Bugis language lesson</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aksara_Lontara-17_Panduan_hari_baik_dan_buruk_untuk_turun_ke_sawah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Signage showing traditional Bugis calculation of auspicious and inauspicious days, from Museum La Galigo, Makassar"><img alt="Signage showing traditional Bugis calculation of auspicious and inauspicious days, from Museum La Galigo, Makassar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Aksara_Lontara-17_Panduan_hari_baik_dan_buruk_untuk_turun_ke_sawah.jpg/291px-Aksara_Lontara-17_Panduan_hari_baik_dan_buruk_untuk_turun_ke_sawah.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Aksara_Lontara-17_Panduan_hari_baik_dan_buruk_untuk_turun_ke_sawah.jpg/437px-Aksara_Lontara-17_Panduan_hari_baik_dan_buruk_untuk_turun_ke_sawah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Aksara_Lontara-17_Panduan_hari_baik_dan_buruk_untuk_turun_ke_sawah.jpg/581px-Aksara_Lontara-17_Panduan_hari_baik_dan_buruk_untuk_turun_ke_sawah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4326" data-file-height="3349" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Signage showing traditional Bugis calculation of auspicious and inauspicious days, from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_La_Galigo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum La Galigo (page does not exist)">Museum La Galigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aksara_Lontara-12_Nama-nama_bulan_yang_digunakan_di_Sulawesi_Selatan_sebelum_1520.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Signange showing traditional Bugis months in Museum Karaeng Pattingalloang, Gowa"><img alt="Signange showing traditional Bugis months in Museum Karaeng Pattingalloang, Gowa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Aksara_Lontara-12_Nama-nama_bulan_yang_digunakan_di_Sulawesi_Selatan_sebelum_1520.jpg/300px-Aksara_Lontara-12_Nama-nama_bulan_yang_digunakan_di_Sulawesi_Selatan_sebelum_1520.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Aksara_Lontara-12_Nama-nama_bulan_yang_digunakan_di_Sulawesi_Selatan_sebelum_1520.jpg/451px-Aksara_Lontara-12_Nama-nama_bulan_yang_digunakan_di_Sulawesi_Selatan_sebelum_1520.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Aksara_Lontara-12_Nama-nama_bulan_yang_digunakan_di_Sulawesi_Selatan_sebelum_1520.jpg/600px-Aksara_Lontara-12_Nama-nama_bulan_yang_digunakan_di_Sulawesi_Selatan_sebelum_1520.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4385" data-file-height="3289" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Signange showing traditional Bugis months in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_Karaeng_Pattingalloang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum Karaeng Pattingalloang (page does not exist)">Museum Karaeng Pattingalloang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowa">Gowa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aksara_Lontara-15_Papan_tanda_Baruga_Somba_Opu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Signange for Museum Baruga Somba Opu, Gowa, with Lontara (bottom line) and Old Makassar (second from bottom)"><img alt="Signange for Museum Baruga Somba Opu, Gowa, with Lontara (bottom line) and Old Makassar (second from bottom)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Aksara_Lontara-15_Papan_tanda_Baruga_Somba_Opu.jpg/300px-Aksara_Lontara-15_Papan_tanda_Baruga_Somba_Opu.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Aksara_Lontara-15_Papan_tanda_Baruga_Somba_Opu.jpg/451px-Aksara_Lontara-15_Papan_tanda_Baruga_Somba_Opu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Aksara_Lontara-15_Papan_tanda_Baruga_Somba_Opu.jpg/600px-Aksara_Lontara-15_Papan_tanda_Baruga_Somba_Opu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4517" data-file-height="3388" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Signange for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_Baruga_Somba_Opu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum Baruga Somba Opu (page does not exist)">Museum Baruga Somba Opu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowa">Gowa</a>, with Lontara (bottom line) and Old Makassar (second from bottom)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aksara_Lontara-16_Papan_tanda_Balai_Pelestarian_Cagar_Budaya_Sulawesi_Selatan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Signage of a local government office, Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Sulawesi Selatan, in Makassar. The Lontara transcription of "Sulawesi Selatan" has been mistyped in this example"><img alt="Signage of a local government office, Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Sulawesi Selatan, in Makassar. The Lontara transcription of "Sulawesi Selatan" has been mistyped in this example" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Aksara_Lontara-16_Papan_tanda_Balai_Pelestarian_Cagar_Budaya_Sulawesi_Selatan.jpg/300px-Aksara_Lontara-16_Papan_tanda_Balai_Pelestarian_Cagar_Budaya_Sulawesi_Selatan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Aksara_Lontara-16_Papan_tanda_Balai_Pelestarian_Cagar_Budaya_Sulawesi_Selatan.jpg/451px-Aksara_Lontara-16_Papan_tanda_Balai_Pelestarian_Cagar_Budaya_Sulawesi_Selatan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Aksara_Lontara-16_Papan_tanda_Balai_Pelestarian_Cagar_Budaya_Sulawesi_Selatan.jpg/600px-Aksara_Lontara-16_Papan_tanda_Balai_Pelestarian_Cagar_Budaya_Sulawesi_Selatan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2385" data-file-height="1789" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Signage of a local government office, Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Sulawesi Selatan, in <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a>. The Lontara transcription of "Sulawesi Selatan" has been mistyped in this example </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plang_Nama_Masjid_Tiga_Aksara.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Signage of a Mosque in Sebatik Tengah, Nunukan."><img alt="Signage of a Mosque in Sebatik Tengah, Nunukan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plang_Nama_Masjid_Tiga_Aksara.JPG/338px-Plang_Nama_Masjid_Tiga_Aksara.JPG" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plang_Nama_Masjid_Tiga_Aksara.JPG/507px-Plang_Nama_Masjid_Tiga_Aksara.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plang_Nama_Masjid_Tiga_Aksara.JPG/675px-Plang_Nama_Masjid_Tiga_Aksara.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5540" data-file-height="3693" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Signage of a Mosque in Sebatik Tengah, Nunukan.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiPelatih_PGRI_Sulsel-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Writing Lontara in a laptop"><img alt="Writing Lontara in a laptop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/WikiPelatih_PGRI_Sulsel-13.jpg/338px-WikiPelatih_PGRI_Sulsel-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/WikiPelatih_PGRI_Sulsel-13.jpg/507px-WikiPelatih_PGRI_Sulsel-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/WikiPelatih_PGRI_Sulsel-13.jpg/675px-WikiPelatih_PGRI_Sulsel-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Writing Lontara in a laptop</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Lontara Bilang-bilang script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara" title="Lontara">Lontara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Makassar language">Makassar language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm-leaf_manuscript" title="Palm-leaf manuscript">Palm-leaf manuscript</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Otherwise spelled as <i><b>lontaraq</b></i> or <i><b>lontara<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></b></i> to denote the <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glotal stop</a>. For completeness sake, other Bugis/Makassar terms shall use apostrophe to denote this sound whenever appropriate.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996213,_216-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996213,_216_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, pp. 213, 216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknight201657-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknight201657_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacknight2016">Macknight 2016</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoorduyn1993">Noorduyn 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDruce,_Stephen_C.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Druce, Stephen C. (2009). "The lands west of the lakes, A history of the Ajattappareng kingdoms of South Sulawesi 1200 to 1600 CE". KITLV Press Leiden: 63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+lands+west+of+the+lakes%2C+A+history+of+the+Ajattappareng+kingdoms+of+South+Sulawesi+1200+to+1600+CE&rft.pages=63&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Druce%2C+Stephen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDruce,_Stephen_C.2009" class="citation book cs1">Druce, Stephen C. (2009). <i>The lands west of the lakes, A history of the Ajattappareng kingdoms of South Sulawesi 1200 to 1600 CE</i>. KITLV Press Leiden. pp. 57–63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+lands+west+of+the+lakes%2C+A+history+of+the+Ajattappareng+kingdoms+of+South+Sulawesi+1200+to+1600+CE&rft.pages=57-63&rft.pub=KITLV+Press+Leiden&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Druce%2C+Stephen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes2019535-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes2019535_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2019">Jukes 2019</a>, pp. 535.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201949-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201949_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2019">Jukes 2019</a>, pp. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jurnal.unipasby.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_budaya_nusantara/article/download/416/283">"MELESTARIKAN BUDAYA TULIS NUSANTARA: Kajian tentang Aksara Lontara"</a>. <i>Jurnal Budaya Nusantara</i>. Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jurnal+Budaya+Nusantara&rft.atitle=MELESTARIKAN+BUDAYA+TULIS+NUSANTARA%3A+Kajian+tentang+Aksara+Lontara&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjurnal.unipasby.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fjurnal_budaya_nusantara%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F416%2F283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996213-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996213_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996216-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996216_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, p. 216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996223–226-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996223–226_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, pp. 223–226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings20078-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings20078_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCummings2007">Cummings 2007</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020xi–xii-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020xi–xii_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020">Macknight, Paeni & Hadrawi 2020</a>, pp. xi–xii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings200711-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings200711_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCummings2007">Cummings 2007</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996226–228_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, pp. 226–228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallop2015" class="citation web cs1">Gallop, Annabel Teh (1 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2015/01/the-bugis-diary-of-the-sultan-of-bon%C3%A9.html">"The Bugis diary of the Sultan of Boné"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bugis+diary+of+the+Sultan+of+Bon%C3%A9&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.aulast=Gallop&rft.aufirst=Annabel+Teh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.bl.uk%2Fasian-and-african%2F2015%2F01%2Fthe-bugis-diary-of-the-sultan-of-bon%25C3%25A9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996222–223-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996222–223_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, pp. 222–223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996228–230-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996228–230_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, pp. 228–230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol1996223-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol1996223_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol1996">Tol 1996</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETol201571,_75-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETol201571,_75_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTol2015">Tol 2015</a>, pp. 71, 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201416–17-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201416–17_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2014">Jukes 2014</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknight201666–68-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknight201666–68_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacknight2016">Macknight 2016</a>, pp. 66–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes201412-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes201412_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2014">Jukes 2014</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cummings-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cummings_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCummings2002" class="citation book cs1">Cummings, William (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tANZd6c-8wUC"><i>Making Blood White: historical transformations in early modern Makassar</i></a>. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824825133" title="Special:BookSources/9780824825133"><bdi>9780824825133</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Blood+White%3A+historical+transformations+in+early+modern+Makassar&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780824825133&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtANZd6c-8wUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20146-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20146_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20146_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2014">Jukes 2014</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20149-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20149_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2014">Jukes 2014</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECummings2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(December_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCummings2002">Cummings 2002</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993533-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993533_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoorduyn1993">Noorduyn 1993</a>, p. 533.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2011" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Christopher (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn35/tn35-1.html">"Indonesian and Philippine Scripts and extensions"</a>. <i>unicode.org</i>. Unicode Technical Note #35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unicode.org&rft.atitle=Indonesian+and+Philippine+Scripts+and+extensions&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fnotes%2Ftn35%2Ftn35-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandey2016" class="citation journal cs1">Pandey, Anshuman (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16096-sumbawa.pdf">"Representing Sumbawa in Unicode"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Representing+Sumbawa+in+Unicode&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Pandey&rft.aufirst=Anshuman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2016%2F16096-sumbawa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uni-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uni_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni_33-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni_33-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni_33-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Everson, Michael (10 May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2633r.pdf">"Revised final proposal for encoding the Lontara (Buginese) script in the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Iso/Iec Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2</i> (N2633R). Unicode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iso%2FIec+Jtc1%2FSc2%2FWg2&rft.atitle=Revised+final+proposal+for+encoding+the+Lontara+%28Buginese%29+script+in+the+UCS&rft.issue=N2633R&rft.date=2003-05-10&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstd.dkuug.dk%2Fjtc1%2Fsc2%2Fwg2%2Fdocs%2Fn2633r.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993544–549-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993544–549_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoorduyn1993">Noorduyn 1993</a>, p. 544–549.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993549-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoorduyn1993549_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoorduyn1993">Noorduyn 1993</a>, p. 549.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uni2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uni2_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni2_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni2_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni2_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni2_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni2_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandey2016" class="citation journal cs1">Pandey, Anshuman (2016-04-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16075-buginese-virama-signs.pdf">"Proposal to encode VIRAMA signs for Buginese"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Iso/Iec Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2</i> (L2/16–075). Unicode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iso%2FIec+Jtc1%2FSc2%2FWg2&rft.atitle=Proposal+to+encode+VIRAMA+signs+for+Buginese&rft.issue=L2%2F16%E2%80%93075&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft.aulast=Pandey&rft.aufirst=Anshuman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2016%2F16075-buginese-virama-signs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-miller-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miller_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2011" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Christopher (2011-03-11). "Indonesian and Philippine Scripts and extensions not yet encoded or proposed for encoding in Unicode". UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:676490">676490</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Indonesian+and+Philippine+Scripts+and+extensions+not+yet+encoded+or+proposed+for+encoding+in+Unicode&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A676490%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahman2012" class="citation book cs1">Rahman, Nurhayati (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KyzKoQEACAAJ"><i>Suara-suara dalam Lokalitas</i></a>. La Galigo Press. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9799911551" title="Special:BookSources/978-9799911551"><bdi>978-9799911551</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suara-suara+dalam+Lokalitas&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=La+Galigo+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9799911551&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=Nurhayati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKyzKoQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad2018" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad, Abd. 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Unicode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iso%2FIec+Jtc1%2FSc2%2FWg2&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+Bugis+Script&rft.issue=L2%2F03%E2%80%93254&rft.date=2003-08-13&rft.aulast=Kai&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2003%2F03254-intro-bugis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthes1883" class="citation book cs1">Matthes, B F (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ru4UAAAAYAAJ"><i>Eenige proeven van Boegineesche en Makassaarsche Poëzie</i></a>. Martinus Nijhoff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eenige+proeven+van+Boegineesche+en+Makassaarsche+Po%C3%ABzie&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Matthes&rft.aufirst=B+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRu4UAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTol1992" class="citation journal cs1">Tol, Roger (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41017596">"Fish food on a tree branch; Hidden meanings in Bugis poetry"</a>. <i>Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde</i>. <b>148</b> (1). Leiden: 82-102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134379-90003169">10.1163/22134379-90003169</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191975859">191975859</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bijdragen+tot+de+Taal-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde&rft.atitle=Fish+food+on+a+tree+branch%3B+Hidden+meanings+in+Bugis+poetry&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=82-102&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22134379-90003169&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191975859%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Tol&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F41017596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202033–34-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202033–34_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020">Macknight, Paeni & Hadrawi 2020</a>, pp. 33–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202054,_77–78,_109–110-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202054,_77–78,_109–110_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020">Macknight, Paeni & Hadrawi 2020</a>, pp. 54, 77–78, 109–110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202054-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202054_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020">Macknight, Paeni & Hadrawi 2020</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020109–110-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020109–110_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020">Macknight, Paeni & Hadrawi 2020</a>, pp. 109–110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202077–78-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacknightPaeniHadrawi202077–78_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020">Macknight, Paeni & Hadrawi 2020</a>, pp. 77–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJukes20142Table_1-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJukes20142Table_1_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJukes2014">Jukes 2014</a>, pp. 2, Table 1.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1991" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, George L. (1991). <i>Compendium of the World's Languages</i>. Routledge. pp. 267–273.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.pages=267-273&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=George+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCummings2007" class="citation book cs1">Cummings, William P. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0jDBXoKAq6UC&q=empire%20of%20gowa"><i>A Chain of Kings: The Makassarese Chronicles of Gowa and Talloq</i></a>. KITLV Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9067182874" title="Special:BookSources/978-9067182874"><bdi>978-9067182874</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Chain+of+Kings%3A+The+Makassarese+Chronicles+of+Gowa+and+Talloq&rft.pub=KITLV+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9067182874&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=William+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0jDBXoKAq6UC%26q%3Dempire%2520of%2520gowa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanielsBright,_William1996" class="citation book cs1">Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_dsb_ortho-1"><i>The World's Writing Systems</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 474, 480.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Writing+Systems&rft.pages=474%2C+480&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Peter+T.&rft.au=Bright%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frosettaproject_dsb_ortho-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalby1998" class="citation book cs1">Dalby, Andrew (1998). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarylangua00dalb"><i>Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages</i></a></span>. Columbia University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionarylangua00dalb/page/n117">99</a>–100, 384. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780713678413" title="Special:BookSources/9780713678413"><bdi>9780713678413</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Languages%3A+The+Definitive+Reference+to+More+Than+400+Languages&rft.pages=99-100%2C+384&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780713678413&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionarylangua00dalb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Everson, Michael (10 May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2633r.pdf">"Revised final proposal for encoding the Lontara (Buginese) script in the UCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Iso/Iec Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2</i> (N2633R). Unicode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iso%2FIec+Jtc1%2FSc2%2FWg2&rft.atitle=Revised+final+proposal+for+encoding+the+Lontara+%28Buginese%29+script+in+the+UCS&rft.issue=N2633R&rft.date=2003-05-10&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstd.dkuug.dk%2Fjtc1%2Fsc2%2Fwg2%2Fdocs%2Fn2633r.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJukes2019" class="citation book cs1">Jukes, Anthony (2019-12-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qmzDDwAAQBAJ"><i>A Grammar of Makasar: A Language of South Sulawesi, Indonesia</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-41266-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-41266-8"><bdi>978-90-04-41266-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Makasar%3A+A+Language+of+South+Sulawesi%2C+Indonesia&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2019-12-02&rft.isbn=978-90-04-41266-8&rft.aulast=Jukes&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqmzDDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJukes2014" class="citation journal cs1">Jukes, Anthony (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lingdy.aa-ken.jp/en/activities/research-events/140227-intl-symp-and-ws">"Writing and Reading Makassarese"</a>. <i>International Workshop of Endangered Scripts of Island Southeast Asia: Proceedings</i>. LingDy2 Project, Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Workshop+of+Endangered+Scripts+of+Island+Southeast+Asia%3A+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Writing+and+Reading+Makassarese&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Jukes&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flingdy.aa-ken.jp%2Fen%2Factivities%2Fresearch-events%2F140227-intl-symp-and-ws&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTol1996" class="citation book cs1">Tol, Roger (1996). "A Separate Empire: Writings of South Sulawesi". In Ann Kumar; John H. McGlynn (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illuminationswri0000kuma"><i>Illuminations: The Writing Traditions of Indonesia</i></a>. Jakarta: Lontar Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0834803496" title="Special:BookSources/0834803496"><bdi>0834803496</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Separate+Empire%3A+Writings+of+South+Sulawesi&rft.btitle=Illuminations%3A+The+Writing+Traditions+of+Indonesia&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Lontar+Foundation&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0834803496&rft.aulast=Tol&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Filluminationswri0000kuma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTol2015" class="citation journal cs1">Tol, Roger (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276458982">"Bugis Kitab Literature. The Phase-Out of a Manuscript Tradition"</a>. <i>Journal of Islamic Manuscripts</i>. <b>6</b>: 66–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1878464X-00601005">10.1163/1878464X-00601005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Islamic+Manuscripts&rft.atitle=Bugis+Kitab+Literature.+The+Phase-Out+of+a+Manuscript+Tradition&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=66-90&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1878464X-00601005&rft.aulast=Tol&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F276458982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacknight2016" class="citation journal cs1">Macknight, Charles Campbell (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308102874">"The Media of Bugis Literacy: A Coda to Pelras"</a>. <i>International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies</i>. <b>12</b> (supp. 1): 53–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21315%2Fijaps2016.12.s1.4">10.21315/ijaps2016.12.s1.4</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Asia+Pacific+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Media+of+Bugis+Literacy%3A+A+Coda+to+Pelras&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=supp.+1&rft.pages=53-71&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21315%2Fijaps2016.12.s1.4&rft.aulast=Macknight&rft.aufirst=Charles+Campbell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F308102874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacknightPaeniHadrawi2020" class="citation book cs1">Macknight, Charles Campbell; Paeni, Mukhlis; Hadrawi, Muhlis, eds. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.anu.edu.au/publications/bugis-chronicle-bone"><i>The Bugis Chronicle of Bone</i></a>. Translated by Campbell Macknight; Mukhlis Paeni; Muhlis Hadrawi. Canberra: Australian National University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22459%2FBCB.2020">10.22459/BCB.2020</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781760463588" title="Special:BookSources/9781760463588"><bdi>9781760463588</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218816844">218816844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bugis+Chronicle+of+Bone&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+National+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A218816844%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22459%2FBCB.2020&rft.isbn=9781760463588&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.anu.edu.au%2Fpublications%2Fbugis-chronicle-bone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoorduyn1993" class="citation journal cs1">Noorduyn, Jacobus (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41017547">"Variation in the Bugis/Makasarese script"</a>. <i>Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde</i>. <b>149</b> (3). KITLV, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies: 533–570. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134379-90003120">10.1163/22134379-90003120</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162247962">162247962</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bijdragen+tot+de+Taal-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde&rft.atitle=Variation+in+the+Bugis%2FMakasarese+script&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=533-570&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22134379-90003120&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162247962%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Noorduyn&rft.aufirst=Jacobus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F41017547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSirkShkarban,_Lina_Ivanovna1983" class="citation book cs1">Sirk, Ü; Shkarban, Lina Ivanovna (1983). <i>The Buginese Language</i>. USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oriental Studies: Nauka Publishing House, Central Department of Oriental Literature. pp. 24–26, 111–112.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buginese+Language&rft.place=USSR+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+Institute+of+Oriental+Studies&rft.pages=24-26%2C+111-112&rft.pub=Nauka+Publishing+House%2C+Central+Department+of+Oriental+Literature&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Sirk&rft.aufirst=%C3%9C&rft.au=Shkarban%2C+Lina+Ivanovna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALontara+script" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lontara_script" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lontara script">Lontara script</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/lontara.htm">Lontara and Makasar scripts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientscripts.com/bugis.html">Buginese script on www.ancientscripts.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://niariot87.googlepages.com/">Saweri</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209043113/http://niariot87.googlepages.com/">Archived</a> 2009-02-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, one font that supports only lontara script. (This font is Truetype-only, and will not properly reorder the prepended vowel /e/ to the left without the help of a compliant text-layout engine, still missing)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23070-bima-script.pdf">Proposal to encode Bima characters</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philippines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanun%C3%B3%27o_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanunó'o script">Hanunó'o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origin/mother scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_writing_systems" title="Template talk:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_writing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khom_Thai_script" title="Khom Thai script">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&oldid=1255997356">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lontara_script&oldid=1255997356</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brahmic_scripts" title="Category:Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a></li><li><a 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{\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75c465f4c6-wp8r8","timestamp":"20241125143927","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lontara script","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lontara_script","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1074947","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1074947","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-03-06T06:50:15Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T18:07:17Z","headline":"script traditionally used for the Bugis, Makassarese, and Mandar languages of Sulawesi in Indonesia"}</script> </body> </html>